 
RESTRICTED  WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/7/Add.2 
19 March 1999 
 (99-1117) 
Working Party on the  
Accession of Estonia  
 
 
 
DRAFT REPORT OF THE WORKING PARTY ON 
THE ACCESSION OF ESTONIA 
TO THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION  
 
Draft Schedule - Estonia  
 
Part II – Draft Schedule of Specific Commitments on Services 
Draft List of Article II MFN Exemptions 
 
Addendum  
   As indicated in paragraph 143 of the draft Report of the Working Party on the Accession of Estonia (WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/7), the draft Schedule of Specific Commitments on Services resulting from the negotiations between Estonia and WTO Me mbers will be annexed to the Protocol of 
Accession of Estonia and is reproduced hereunder. 
 
_______________ 
 
  
 WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/7/Add.2 
Page 2 
Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply  2) Consumption abroad  3) Commercial pres ence  4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Lim itations on market access Li mitations on national treatment Additional commitments 
1. HORIZONTAL  COMMITMENTS 
All sectors 4)Unbound, except for measures concerning temporary entry and stay in 
Estonia of natural persons (hereafter ‘p ersons’) supplying the services listed in 
the part of Specific Commitments of this schedule (hereafter ‘specific services’) 
and who are nationals of another member and who fall into the categories listed 
below: 
Section 1:Essential persons transferred to Estonia within a business or 
company providing the specific services (intra-corporate transferees) as of 
the year 1999: 
Section 1 covers employees of a company (hereafter ‘enterprise’) providing the 
specific services in Estonia through a bran ch, subsidiary or affiliate of this 
enterprise established in Estonia and w ho have been beforehand employees of 
this enterprise based outside Estonia fo r a period with the duration of no less 
than one year immediately preceding the date of submitting their application for 
entry and stay in Estonia: 
 
a) Executives and senior managers:  persons who primarily direct the 
enterprise or one of its departments a nd who receive only general supervision or 
direction from high-level executives, the board of directors or the stockholders 
of this enterprise. Executives and senior  managers do not dire ctly perform tasks 
related to the actual provision of the specific services by their enterprise.  
 
b) Specialists:  highly qualified persons who, within their enterprise, are 
essentially needed for the provision of a specific service by reason of their 
knowledge at an advanced level of expertise in the field of services, research 
equipment, techniques or management of this enterprise. (The category of 
specialists may include, but is not limited  to, members of licensed professions.)  
Entry and stay in Estonia for the persons  covered by Section 1 is limited to a 
three-year period that may be extended for up to two additional years for a total 
term not to exceed five years. 1,2) Only Estonian taxpa yers, i.e. those legal 
persons registered under Estonian Law and 
Estonian citizens are eligible for national 
subsidies of Estonia. 
 
4) Unbound except for measures concerning 
the categories of natural persons referred to in 
the column ‘Limitations on market access’. 
  
    
    
     
  WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/7/Add.2
 Page 3Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply  2) Consumption abroad  3) Commercial pres ence  4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Lim itations on market access Li mitations on national treatment Additional commitments 
 Section 2: Other essential persons entering and staying in Estonia: 
a)Services  Salespersons:  Persons employed or mandated by an enterprise and 
who stay temporarily in Estonia in order to  conclude the contract for the sale of 
a service on behalf of the enterprise  which employs them or has mandated 
them. Services salespersons may not sell services dire ctly to the general public, 
supply services themselves  or on their own behalf receive remuneration from a 
source located within Estonia.    
 b)Persons responsible for setting up of a commercial presence of an 
enterprise in Estonia:  Persons who are employees of and receive remuneration 
from an enterprise not having commerc ial presence in Estonia and who are 
therefore entering Estonia for the purpose of setting up of a commercial 
presence of this enterprise in Estoni a. These persons should have been 
beforehand employees of this enterprise based outside Estonia for a period with 
the duration of no less than one year immediately preceding the date of 
submitting their application for entry and stay in Estonia. Persons responsible 
for the setting-up of a commercial pres ence may not engage in making direct 
sales to the general public, supply servi ces themselves or on their own behalf 
receive remuneration from a source located within Estonia.    
 c)Employees of an enterprise engaged in substantive business: Persons who 
are employees of and receive remunera tion from an enterprise based outside 
Estonia and not having commercial presen ce in Estonia, which has concluded a 
services contract with an enterprise e ngaged in substantive business activities in 
Estonia, and who have been beforehand employees of this enterprise based 
outside Estonia for a period with the duration of no less than one year 
immediately preceding the date of submitting their application for entry and 
stay in Estonia, and who in Estonia, as professionals and on behalf of the 
enterprise outside Estonia, provide a service belonging to any of the three 
sectors as set out below. As a furthe r requirement five years of working 
experience in a related field is requi red. Individual services providers not 
employed by such enterprise based outsi de Estonia are considered as persons 
seeking access to the employment market of Estonia and do not fall in this 
category.    
 Service sectors: 
Architectural, Engineering and othe r Technical Services (CPC 867) 
Management Consulting Services (CPC 865) 
Services related to Management Consulting (CPC866)    
 Entry for the persons covered by Section II is limited to a maximum duration of 
ninety days of stay in Estonia per every period of six months.    
  
 WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/7/Add.2 
Page 4 
Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply  2) Consumption abroad  3) Commercial presence  4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Lim itations on national treatment Additional commitments 
2. SECTOR-SPECIFIC  COMMITMENTS 
1.  BUSINESS SERVICES 
A.  Professional Services 
a) Legal Services 
(CPC 861; does not include CPC86190) 
 
 1) Unbound  
2) None 3) Commercial presence is restricted to sole 
proprietorships or to law firms with limited liability, 
in which cases permission is needed from the Bar Association (Advokatuur) . According to the Bar 
Statute (Advokatuuri põhimäärus) only Estonian 
nationals are allowed to establish a lawyer's office. 
To get accepted into the Bar Association the 
following requirements should be met: (a) two years’ work experience as an assist ant to a barrister at law; 
(b) passing of a relevant examination; (c) work for 
three years as a senior assistant. After that it is possible to pass a lawyer’s exam (excellent 
knowledge of the Estonian law and excellent 
proficiency in the Estonian language are required). Notaries Public are persons performing a public 
service; they are appoint ed by the Ministry of 
Justice.  4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section. 1) Unbound  
2) None 3) Unbound 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section  
    
    
    
        
    
     
  WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/7/Add.2
 Page 5Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply  2) Consumption abroad  3) Commercial presence  4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Lim itations on national treatment Additional commitments 
Other legal advisory and 
information services (CPC 86190) 
including: a) Practice of International Law 
b) Practice of law of 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section  
jurisdiction where service supplier 
qualifies as a lawyer under a 
relevant authority of this jurisdiction.    
(Such consultancy excludes the 
following: 
i) appearing for a person other than 
himself or herself as attorney in any court, or before any magistrate 
or other judicial officer of the 
Republic of Estonia;    
ii) preparing any instrument 
effecting the transfer or registration 
of title to real estate located in Estonia;    
iii) preparing any will or trust 
instrument effecting the disposition of any property located in the 
Republic of Estonia and owned by 
a resident thereof, or any instrument relating to the 
administration of such property; 
iv) preparing any instrument in respect of the marital or parental 
relations, rights, or duties of a 
resident of the Republic of Estonia, 
or the custody or care of children 
of such a resident.(otherwise according to CPC 86190))  
    
 WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/7/Add.2 
Page 6 
Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply  2) Consumption abroad  3) Commercial presence  4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Lim itations on national treatment Additional commitments 
b) Accounting, Auditing and 
Bookkeeping services (CPC 862) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section  
c) Taxation services   (CPC 863) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section  
d) Architectural, Engineering and 
Other Technical Services  (CPC 867) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
 
 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 3) None except that at least one responsible 
person (project manager or consultant) must be 
resident of Estonia 4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section  
e) Medical and Dental Services  
(CPC 9312) 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) Unbound  
 
  
 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section. 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) Unbound, except any professionals trained 
outside Estonia are required to present a 
certificate of auxiliary tr aining courses of Tartu 
University. This requirement also applies to 
Estonian nationals trained abroad. 
4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section.  
B. Computer and Related Services 
(CPC Division 84) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/7/Add.2
 Page 7Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply  2) Consumption abroad  3) Commercial presence  4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Lim itations on national treatment Additional commitments 
C. Research and Development 
Services (CPC Division 85) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None  4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None  4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section  
E. Rental/Leasing Services without 
Operator 1) None 
2) None 
3) None  4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None  4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section  
e) Other (CPC 832) including pre-
recorded video cassettes for use in home entertainment equipment 
(CPC 83202) 1) None 
2) None 3) None  
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 3) None  
4) None  
F.  Other Business Services 
a) Advertising Services 
 (CPC 871) 1) None  
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None  
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section  
b) Market Research and Opinion 
Polling (CPC 864) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section  
c) Management Consulting 
Services (CPC 865) 1) None  
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None  
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/7/Add.2 
Page 8 
Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply  2) Consumption abroad  3) Commercial presence  4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Lim itations on national treatment Additional commitments 
d) Services Related to Management 
Consulting (CPC 866) 1) None  
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None  
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section  
e) Technical Testing and Analysis 
Services (CPC 8676) 1) None  
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None  
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section  
i) Consulting Services Relating to 
Manufacturing (part of CPC 884 + part of  885 except for 88442) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section  
n) Maintenance and Repair of 
Equipment  
(not including maritime vessels, 
aircraft, or other transport equipment)  
(CPC 633 + 8861-8866) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section  
p) Photographic Services 
(CPC 876) (except aerial photography of the territory of the 
Republic of Estonia) 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) Unbound 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) Unbound 
4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section  
r) Printing, Publishing 
(CPC 88442) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/7/Add.2
 Page 9Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply  2) Consumption abroad  3) Commercial presence  4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Lim itations on national treatment Additional commitments 
s) Convention Services  
(part of CPC 87909)  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section  
2. COMMUNICATION SERVICES 
B. Courier Services  
(CPC 7512) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section  
C. Telecommunication Services 
Domestic and international services provided using any network 
technology (wire based or wireless 
including satellite), in a facilities based or resale basis, in the 
following market segments   Estonia undertakes, as of six 
months from Estonia’s accession to the WTO, the 
additional commitments as 
contained in the Reference Paper attached hereto. 
The commitments taken by Estonia are based on the scheduling principles provided by the following documents: 
- “Notes for Scheduling Basic Telecom Servi ces Commitments” (S/GBT/W/2/REV.1), and, 
- “Market Access Limitations on Sp ectrum Availability” (S/GBT/W/3) 
a) Voice Telephone Services 
(CPC 7521)  
d) Telex services(CPC7523)  
e) Telegraph services (CPC7522)  g) Leased circuit services, 
including private leased circuit 
services (CPC7522 + 
CPC7523)  
For public use  
For non-public use  1), 3) None, except that domestic intercity and 
international services have to be switched over the 
public telephone network of the Estonian Telephone 
Company Ltd. according to the Concession 
Agreement between the Government of the Republic 
of Estonia and the Estonian Telephone Company. As 
of 1 January 2003 None. 2) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
3) None 
 
  
 
 2) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/7/Add.2 
Page 10 
Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply  2) Consumption abroad  3) Commercial presence  4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Lim itations on national treatment Additional commitments 
b) Packet switched data 
transmission services (CPC7523)  
c) Circuit switched data transmission services(CPC7523)  
f)Facsimile services (CPC7521 + 
7529)  h) Electronic mail (CPC 7523)  
i) Voice mail (CPC 7523)  
j) On-line information and data base retrieval (CPC 7523)  
k) Electronic data interchange 
(CPC 7523)  l) Enhanced /value-added facsimile 
services (including store and 
forward, store and retrieve)  (CPC 7523)  
m) Code and protocol conversion  
n) On-line information and /or data processing (including transaction 
processing) (CPC 843)  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section  
o)Other services: 
Mobile and personal communications services and 
systems (CPC 75213 (comprising 
also CPC7523 and CPC 75291)) 
(a) Analogue/Digital cellular 
services 
(b) PCS(Personal Communications Services) 
(c) Mobile data services 
Paging services  1), 3) None, except that domestic intercity and 
international interconnection of a mobile network with another mobile or fixed network has to be 
switched over the public telephone network of the 
Estonian Telephone Compan y Ltd. according to the 
Concession Agreement between the Government of 
the Republic of Estonia and the Estonian Telephone 
Company. As of 1 January 2003 None. 2) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
3) None  
 
  
 
 2) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/7/Add.2
 Page 11Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply  2) Consumption abroad  3) Commercial presence  4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Lim itations on national treatment Additional commitments 
3. CONSTRUCTION SERVICES  
(CPC Division 51+52) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None  
 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None except that at least one responsible person (project manager or consultant) must be 
resident of Estonia. 
4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section  
4.  DISTRIBUTION SERVICES 
A. Commission Agents' Services 
(CPC division 621) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section  
B. Wholesale Trade Services 
(CPC division 622) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section  
C. Retailing Services  (CPC 631; 
632; 633; 6111; 6113; 6121), 
including  audio and video records 
and tapes (CPC 63234) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None  
4) None  
D. Franchising  (CPC 8929) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section  
5.  EDUCATIONAL SERVICES 
Private Education Se rvices with the 
length of student participation not 
exceeding six months 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/7/Add.2 
Page 12 
Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply  2) Consumption abroad  3) Commercial presence  4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Lim itations on national treatment Additional commitments 
Compulsory Education Services 
(primary and secondary I) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section  
– Non Compulsory Secondary 
Education Services 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section  
– Higher Education Services 
(CPC 923) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section  
– Adult Education Services 
(CPC 924) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section  
–  Other Adult Education Services 
not Provided by the State 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/7/Add.2
 Page 13Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply  2) Consumption abroad  3) Commercial presence  4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Lim itations on national treatment Additional commitments 
6.  ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES 
Sewage and Refuse Disposal, 
Sanitation and Other 
Environmental Protection Services 
(CPC Division 94) (include: Sewage services 
(contracted by private industry),  
Refuse disposal services (contracted by private industry), 
Sanitation and similar services, and 
Other environmental services 
(include Cleaning services of 
exhaust gases; Noise abatement services; Nature and landscape 
protection services)) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section  
Other environmental services 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section  
7. FINANCIAL SERVICES 
A. Insurance (including 
reinsurance) and pension fund services, except compulsory  social 
security services  
(i) Direct insurance (A) Life insurance and pension 
fund services  
 Life insurance services  
 
(B) Non-life insurance services  1) None 
2) None 3) None  
 
  
 
  
 
 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section.  1) None 
2) None 3) None, except the management body of an 
insurance joint-stock company with foreign 
capital participation may include citizens of foreign countries in proportion to the foreign 
participation, but not more than half of the 
members of the management group; the head of the management of a subsidiary or an 
independent company must permanently reside 
in Estonia. 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section.    
 WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/7/Add.2 
Page 14 
Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply  2) Consumption abroad  3) Commercial presence  4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Lim itations on national treatment Additional commitments 
(ii) Reinsurance and retrocession 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section  
(iii) Insurance intermediation, such 
as brokerage and agency 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section  
(iv) Services auxiliary to insurance, 
such as consultancy, actuarial, risk assessment and claim settlement 
services 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section  
B.  Banking and Other Financial Services as defined in the "Annex on Financial Services" 
(v) Acceptance of deposits and 
other repayable funds from the public 1) Requirement of authorisation by Eesti Pank  and 
registration under Estonian Law as a joint stock company, a subsidiary or a branch. 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
  
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section  
(vi) Lending of all types, including 
consumer credit, mortgage credit, factoring and financing of 
commercial transaction 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section  
(vii) Financial leasing 
(viii) All payment and money 
transmission services, including 
credit, charge and debit cards, travellers cheques and bankers 
drafts 
(ix) Guarantees and commitments     
  WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/7/Add.2
 Page 15Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply  2) Consumption abroad  3) Commercial presence  4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Lim itations on national treatment Additional commitments 
(x) Trading for own account or for 
account of customers, whether on 
an exchange, in an over-the counter market or otherwise, the following: 
(a) money market instruments 
(including cheques, bills, certificates of deposits); 
(b) foreign exchange 
(c) derivative products including, but not limited to, futures and 
options; 
(d) exchange rate and interest rate instruments, including products 
such as swaps, forward rate 
agreements; (e) transferable securities; 
(f) other negotiable instruments and 
financial assets, including bullion 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section  
xi) Participation in issues of all 
kind of securities, including 
underwriting and placement as 
agent (whether publicly or privately) and provision of services 
related to such issues 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section  
xii) Money broking 
xiii) Asset management, such as cash or portfolio management, all 
forms of collective investment 
management, pension fund management, custodial, depository 
and trust services 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/7/Add.2 
Page 16 
Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply  2) Consumption abroad  3) Commercial presence  4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Lim itations on national treatment Additional commitments 
xiv) Settlement and clearing 
services for financial assets, 
including securities, derivative products, and other negotiable 
instruments 
xv) Provision and transfer of financial information, and financial 
data processing and related 
software by suppliers of other financial services 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None  
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section  
xvi) Advisory, intermediation and 
other auxiliary financial services on 
all the activities listed in subparagraphs (v) through (xv), 
including credit reference and 
analysis, investment and portfolio research and advice, advice on 
acquisition and on corporate 
restructuring and strategy 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section  
8. HEALTH SERVICES AND 
SOCIAL SERVICES  
(CPC Division 93) 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 
  
 
 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section.  1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None, except professionals trained outside 
Estonia are required to present a certificate of auxiliary training courses of Tartu University. 
This requirement also applies to Estonian 
nationals trained abroad. 4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section.   
9.  TOURISM AND TRAVEL RELATED SERVICES 
A. Hotel and Restaurant Services  
(CPC Division 641-643) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/7/Add.2
 Page 17Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply  2) Consumption abroad  3) Commercial presence  4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Lim itations on national treatment Additional commitments 
B. Travel Agency and Tour 
Operator Services (CPC 7471) 
(Tour Guide Services included) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section  
C. Tourist Guide Services 
(CPC 7472)  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section  
10. RECREATIONAL, 
CULTURAL AND SPORTING SERVICES  
(CPC Division 96; does not include 
CPC 96199) 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) Unbound 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) Unbound 
4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section  
Cinema theatre operation services 
(CPC 96199) (The service 
specified constitutes only part of 
the total range of activities covered by the CPC concordance) 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) Unbound 
2) Unbound 
3) None, except for acces s to subsid ies: unbound  
4) None  
11.  TRANSPORT SERVICES 
A.  Maritime Transport Services 
d) Maintenance and Repair of 
Vessels (CPC 8868) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section  
C.  Air Transport Services 
d) Maintenance and Repair of 
Aircraft (CPC 8868) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/7/Add.2 
Page 18 
Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply  2) Consumption abroad  3) Commercial presence  4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Lim itations on national treatment Additional commitments 
- Sales and Marketing 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section  
E.  Rail Transport Services  
d) Maintenance and Repair of Rail 
Transport Equipment (CPC 8868) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section  
F. Road Transport Services 
a) Maintenance and Repair of Road 
Transport Equipment 
(CPC 6112+8867) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section  
- International Truck transport 
services  1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section  
H.  Services Auxiliary to All Modes of Transport 
a) Cargo Handling Services 
(CPC 741) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section  
b) Storage and Warehouse Services 
(CPC 742) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/7/Add.2
 Page 19Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply  2) Consumption abroad  3) Commercial presence  4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Lim itations on national treatment Additional commitments 
c) Freight Tran sport Agency 
Services (CPC 748) and Other 
Auxiliary Transport Services, In Particular Freight Inspection 
Services (part of CPC 749) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as prov ided in the horizontal 
section  
 WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/7/Add.2 
Page 20  
 
 REFERENCE PAPER
 
 
(Additional Commitments by Estonia in Trade oin Telecommunication  
Services as of Six Months from Estonia’s Accession to the WTO)  
 
Scope  
 The following are definitions and principl es on the regulatory framework for the basic 
telecommunications services. 
Definitions  
Users  mean service consumers and service suppliers. 
Essential facilities  mean facilities of a public telecommunica tions transport network or service that 
(a) are exclusively or predominantly provided by  a single or limited number of suppliers; 
and 
(b) cannot feasibly be economically or techni cally substituted in order to provide a 
service. 
A major supplier  is a supplier which has the ability to mate rially affect the terms of participation 
(having regard to price and supply) in the releva nt market for basic telecommunications services as a 
result of: 
(a) control over essential facilities; or 
(b) use of its position in the market. 
1.  Competitive Safeguards  
1.1  Prevention of Anti-Competitive Practices in Telecommunications  
 Appropriate measures shall be maintained for the purpose of preventing suppliers who, alone 
or together, are a major supplier from engaging  in or continuing anti-competitive practices. 
1.2 Safeguards  
 The anti-competitive practices referred to above shall include in particular: 
(a) engaging in anti-competitive cross-subsidisation; 
(b) using information obtained from competit ors with anti-competitive  results; and 
(c) not making available to other services suppliers on a timely basis technical 
information about essential facilities and co mmercially relevant information which 
are necessary for them to provide services. 
2. Interconnection  
2.1  This section applies to linking with supplie rs providing public telecommunications transport 
networks or services in order to allow the users of  one supplier to communicate with users of another 
supplier and to access services provided by anot her supplier, where specific commitments are 
undertaken.  WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/7/Add.2 
 Page 21 
 
 
 2.2  Interconnection to be Ensured  
 Interconnection with a major supplier will be en sured at any technically feasible point in the 
network. Such interconnection is provided1 
(a) under non-discriminatory terms, conditions  (including technical standards and 
specifications) and rates and of a quality no less favourable than that provided for its 
own like services or for like services of non-affiliated service suppliers or for its 
subsidiaries or other affiliates; 
(b) in a timely fashion, on terms, conditions (including technical standards and 
specifications) and cost-oriented rates that ar e transparent, reasonable, having regard 
to economic feasibility, and sufficiently unbundl ed so that the supplier need not pay 
for network components or facilities that it does not require for the service to be 
provided; and 
(c) upon request, at points in addition to the ne twork termination points offered to the 
majority of users, subject to charges that reflect the cost of construction of necessary additional facilities. 
2.3 Public Availability of Proce dures for Interconnection Negotiations
 
 The procedures applicable for interconnecti on to a major supplier will be made publicly 
available. 
2.4  Transparency of Interconnection Arrangements  
 It is ensured that a major supplier will make  publicly available either its interconnection 
agreements or a reference interconnection offer. 
2.5  Interconnection: Dispute Settlement  
 A service supplier requesting interconnection with  a major supplier will have recourse, either: 
3.  Universal Service  
 Any Member has the right to define the kind  of universal services obligation it wishes to 
maintain. Such obligations will not be  regard ed as anti-competitive per se, provided they are 
administered in a transparent, non-discriminator y and competitively neutral manner and are not more 
burdensome than necessary  for the kind of universal service defined by the Member. 
4.  Public Availability of Licensing Criteria  
 Where a license is required, the following will be made publicly available: 
(a) all the licensing criteria and the period of time normally required to reach a decision 
concerning an application for a license and 
(b) the terms and conditions of individual licenses. 
 the reasons for the denial of a license  will be made known to the applicant upon 
 request. 
                                                      
1 Suppliers of services or networks  not generally available to the public , such as closed user groups, have 
guaranteed rights to connect with the public telecommunications transport network or services on terms, conditions and rates 
which are non-discriminatory, transparent and cost-oriented. Such te rms, conditions and rates may vary from the terms, 
conditions and rates applicable to interconnection betw een public telecommunications  networks or services.  WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/7/Add.2 
Page 22  
 
 5.  Independent Regulators
 
 The regulatory body is separate from, and not accountable to, any supplier of basic 
telecommunications services. The decisions of and the procedures used by  regulators shall be impartial with respect to all market participants. 
6.  Allocation and Use of Scarce Resources
 
 Any procedures for the allocation and use of scarce resources, including frequencies, numbers 
and rights of way, will be carried out in an obj ective, timely, transparent and non-discriminatory 
manner.  The current state of allocated frequency ba nds will be made publicly available, but detailed 
identification of frequencies allocated for specific government uses is not required. 
  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/7/Add.2
 Page 23REPUBLIC OF ESTONIA 
List of Article II MFN Exemptions  
Sector or subsector Descriptions of  measure indicating its inconsistency 
with Article II Countries to which the measure 
applies Intended duration Conditions creating the need for the 
exemption 
All sectors The nationals of countries other than Estonia are 
given preferential treatment when granting permits 
for entry, stay, and work in Estonia to natural persons 
providing services (other than essential persons as 
defined in I Horizontal commitments in the Schedule 
of Specific Commitments of Estonia on trade in 
services) on the basis of reciprocity established by agreements between Est onia and these countries. All countries with whom labour 
market integration may be mutually 
desirable. 
 Indefinite. To further liberalise the conditions 
of entry, stay, and work of natural 
persons belonging to the citizenship 
of countries with whom Estonia 
may need free movement of labour 
to achieve flexibility in the Estonian 
services-related labour market. 
Audiovisual services  
- Production and 
distribution of audiovisual 
works through broadcasting 
or other forms of 
transmission to the public Measures which define works of European origin in 
such a way as to extend national treatment to 
audiovisual works which m eet certain linguistic and 
origin criteria regarding access to broadcasting or 
similar forms of transmission. Parties to the Council of Europe 
Convention on Transfrontier 
Television or other European 
countries with whom  an agreement  
may be concluded. Indefinite. 
Exemption needed, for 
certain countries, only until 
an economic integration 
agreement is concluded or 
completed. The measures aim, within the 
sector, to promote cultural values 
both within EC Member States, and 
with other countries in Europe, as 
well as achieving linguistic policy 
objectives. 
Audiovisual Services 
-Production and 
distribution of 
cinematographic works and 
television programmes Measures based upon gove rnment-to-government 
framework agreements on co-production of 
audiovisual works, which confer national treatment to 
audiovisual works covered by these agreements, in 
particular in relation to distribution and access to 
funding. All countries with whom cultural 
co-operation may be desirable.  Indefinite. The aim of these agreements is to 
promote cultural links between the 
countries concerned. 
Audiovisual Services - Production and 
distribution of television 
programmes and 
cinematographic works Measures granting the benefit of any support 
programmes (such as Action Plan for Advanced 
Television Services, MEDI A or EURIMAGES) to 
audiovisual works, and s uppliers of such works, 
meeting certain European origin criteria. European countries. Indefinite. 
Exemption needed, for 
certain countries, only until 
an economic integration 
agreement is concluded or 
completed. These programmes aim at 
preserving and promoting the 
regional identity of countries within 
Europe which have long standing 
cultural links. 
International Road Transport Services Provisions in existing or future bilateral or 
plurilateral agreements on international road transport 
(including combined transport-road/rail) reserving or 
limiting the provision of a transport service into, in, 
across and out of the Republic of Estonia to the 
contracting parties to vehicles registered in each 
contracting party, and providing for tax exemption 
for such vehicles. All countries with which Estonia 
has a bilateral or plurilateral 
agreement on road transport in 
force. Indefinite The need for exemption is linked to 
the region characteristics of road 
transport services 
 
__________ 