WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION 
ORGANISATION MONDIALE DU COMMERCE 
ORGANIZACION MUNDIAL DEL COMERCIO 
Council for Trade-Related Aspects 
of Intellectual Property Rights IP/N/IIMNG/P/l 
13 February 1998 
(98-0526) 
Original: Englishl 
anglaisl 
ingles 
MAIN DEDICATED INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAWS AND REGULATIONS 
NOTIFIED UNDER ARTICLE 63.2 OF THE AGREEMENT 
Mongolia 
The present document reproduces! the text of the Patent Law (1993), incorporating the Law 
(1996) Amending the Patent Law, as notified by Mongolia under Article 63.2 of the Agreement (see 
document IP/N/lIMNG/1). 
Conseil des aspects des droits de propriete 
intellectuelle qui touchent au commerce 
PRINCIPALES LOIS ET REGLEMENTA TIONS CONSACREES A LA 
PROPRIETE INTELLECTUELLE NOTIFIEES AU TITRE 
DE L'ARTICLE 63:2 DE L'ACCORD 
Mongolie 
Le present document contient le texte de la Loi sur les brevets (1993Y, incluant la Loi (1996) 
portant modification de la Loi sur les brevets, notifiee par la Mongolie au titre de l'article 63:2 de 
l'Accord (voir le document IP/N/lIMNG/1). 
Consejo de los Aspectos de los Derechos de Propiedad 
Intelectual relacionados con el Comercio 
PRINCIPALES LEYES Y REGLAMENTOS DEDICADOS A LA PROPIEDAD INTELECTUAL 
NOTIFICADOS EN VIRTUD DEL pARRAFO 2 DEL 
ARTICULO 63 DEL ACUERDO 
Mongolia 
El presente documento reproduce! el texto de la Ley de Patentes (1993), en el que se 
incorpora la Ley (1996) por la que se modifica la Ley de Patentes, notificado por Mongolia en virtud 
de 10 dispuesto en el parrafo 2 del articulo 63 del Acuerdo (vease el documento IP/N/l/MNG/1). 
1 English only. / Anglais seulement. fEn ingles solamente. IP/NI 1 IMNG/PI 1 
Page 2 
Article 1. PATENT LAW OF MONGOLIA 
Chapter One 
General Provisions 
Purpose of the law 5-23 
The purpose of this law shall be to regulate matters relating to the protection of the 
rights .of creators of inventions, industrial designs and innovations and of patent 
owners, and to regulate matters relating to the use of inventions, industrial designs 
and innovations. 
Article 2. Legislation on patents 
1. The legislation on patents is comprised of the Constitution of Mongolia, the 
Civil Law, this law and other relevant legislation which is consistent with those 
laws. 
2. If an international treaty to which Mongolia is a party is inconsistent with this 
law, then the provisions of the international treaty shall prevail. 
Article 3. Definitions in this law 
1. "Invention" means an absolutely new solution that relates to a product or 
process, that has been created for the first time, and the essence of which 
depends upon the basis of a law of nature. 
2. "Industrial design" means an absolutely new original solution that relates to the 
appearance of a manufactured article which can be produced in indUStry. 
3. "Innovation" means a solution which is new and useful for a given entity or 
organisation and relates to a product or process, or the organisation of the 
manufacturing process. ' 
4. "Patent" means the document issued by the competent State authority which 
certifies the recognition of the given solution as an invention or, industrial 
design, and grants the owner of the certificate the exclusive right to exploit the 
invention or industrial design for a fixed period of time. 
5. ["Innovation certificate" means a document certifying the recognition of an 
item as an innovation and granting ownership to the author of the innovation.] 
6. "Licence" means permission given to another person to exploit a patented 
invention or industrial design. 
7. "Filing date" means the date on which a patent application for an industrial 
design or invention is received and registered by the [Intellectual Property 5-24 Patent Law of Mongolia IP/N/lIMNG/P/l 
Page 3 
Office] or the date on which the application for an innovation is received or 
registered by a given entity. 
8. "Priority date" means the date on which a patent application for the same 
invention or industrial design was filed and registered in any other member 
State of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, such 
date being prior to the date on which an application has been filed under this 
law. 
[] as amended on 1 February 1997 
Article 4. Objects of patents and patentability 
1. A patent shall be granted to the author of an invention or to a natural person or 
legal entity to whom the author has assigned his or her right to a patent if that 
author has created a product or process which is absolutely new or involves an 
inventive step and the product or process is industrially applicable. 
2. An invention shall be regarded as involving an inventive step if that step is not 
obvious to a person skilled in the relevant field. The existence of an inventive 
step shall be determined by an examiner appointed by the [Intellectual Property 
Office]. 
3. An invention shall be considered industrially applicable if it can be made or 
used in industry. 
4. A product or process shall be considered new if it is not preceded by a product 
or process of the same design. 
5. The following shall not be considered to be inventions: 
1) discoveries, scientific theories and mathematical methods; 
2) computer program and algorithms; 
3) schemes, rules or methods for doing business, performing mental acts or 
playing games; 
4) solutions that are contrary to public health or environmental protection; 
5) [methods of treatment and diagnosis, or prophylaxis of human and animal 
diseases; 
6) plant varieties and animal breeds arising from biological methods of 
breeding. 
Sub-paragraphs 5 and 6 shall not apply in the case of substances used In 
conjunction with such methods of treatment . and diagnosis or to 
microbiological methods and products cultivated by such methods.] 
6. A patent shall be granted to an author of an industrial design or to a natural 
person or legal entity to whom that author has assigned his or her right to a 
patent if that author has created a new and original solution relating to an 
industrially applicable article and that solution has not, prior to the filing date IP/NIlIMNG/P/l 
Page 4 
Patent Law of Mongolia 5-25 
of that author's application, been disclosed anywhere in the world by 
publication in a tangible form or by publication in any manner in this country. 
[] as amended on / February /997 
Article 5. [Intellectual Property Officel 
[The Intellectual Property Office shall, in accordance with the framework of 
functions of the Minister of Justice, be the Government executive agency 
responsible for dealing with matters concerning inventions, industrial design and 
innovations and will carry out the following functions: 
1) receiving applications for inventions and industrial designs and making 
detenninations on them; 
2) granting patents and innovation certificates; 
3) keeping a State register of inventions, industrial designs, innovations, 
trademarks, and licence contracts; 
4) compiling a unified database of inventions, industrial designs, 
innovations and trademarks; 
5) publishing information on inventions, industrial designs, innovations, and 
trademarks; 
6) providing references for the purpose of settling disputes on patents; 
7) detennining the design of patent and innovation certificates; 
8) in the cases involving an infringement of the Patent Law by a legal entity 
or individual the Intellectual Property Office shall inform the relevant 
organisation; 
9) withdrawing a patent in accordance with this law; 
10) protecting and representing the rights of an author or owner of patent 
rights; 
11) initiating measures for the enforcement of the Patent Law within the 
authority conferred upon it; 
12) recelvmg claims and appeals concernmg patents and making 
detenninations on them; 
13) setting and conducting exam inations for, and approving, any citizen or 
legal entity who intends to practice as a patent attorney; 
14) on request by an author, establishing a value for an invention, industrial 
design or innovation; 
15) making requirements to an organisation or official to provide documents 
whiCh are relevant to a matter. 
16) The Intellectual Property Office shall be financed from income earned in 
performing its functions.] 
3. The Government shall approve the charter of the [Intellectual Property Office]. 
4. Central State and local administrative bodies shall perform work in the field of 
inventions, industrial designs and innovations as a part of their technology 
policies. 5-26 Patent Law of Mongolia 
[] as amended on 1 Februat}' 1997 
CHAPTER TWO IP/N/1IMNG/PI 1 
Page 5 
Filing of Patent Applications for Inventions and Industrial Designs and 
Applications for Innovations and Examination of Applications 
Article 6. Filing of patent applications for inventions and industrial designs 
1. A patent application for an invention or industrial design shall be filed with the 
[Intellectual Property Office] by the author of the invention or industrial design, 
or by the natural or legal entity to whom the author has assigned the right to 
the patent. 
2. A separate application shall be filed for each invention or industrial design. For 
a group of inventions which are linked so as to form a single general inventive 
concept, a single application may be filed. 
3. The application for an invention shall contain a request, a des~ription of the 
invention, a fonnulation and a brief explanatory note. If required, it shall also 
contain relevant drawings and certificates. 
4. The application for an industrial design shall contain a request, a drawing of 
the industrial design and a description. If required, it shall also contain relevant 
materials concerning the drawing and the description. 
5. The application shall state the filing date of the application, the request for 
patent, names and addresses of the author of the invention or industrial design,' 
the applicant and the agent. If the applicant is not the author of the invention or 
i~dustrial design, he or she shall submit a statement justifying his or her right 
to obtain a patent for the invention or industrial design. [In the case of 
inventions and industrial designs relating to the supply of food for humans or 
hygiene a document issued by the organisation responsible for epidemiology 
and hygiene should be attached certifying those inventions or designs will not 
harm the human body or health.] 
6. In the request, the applicant may claim priority over earlier national, regiona) 
or international applications. In that case, the application shall contain felevant 
documents. 
7. [An applicant may be represented by a patent attorney. A patent attorney must 
be registered with the Intellectual Property Office of Mongolia. The 
Intellectual Property Office shall establish regulations on the activities of 
patent attorneys. A patent attorney must be a citizen of Mongolia over the age 
of 25 years who has worked in the field of intellectual property for at least 
three years with higher education and no previous criminal convictions. The 
Ministers of Justice and Finance shall jointly detennine the rate of salary for a IP IN 11IMNG/P 11 
Page 6 
Patent Law of Mongolia 5-27 
patent attorney and ten percent of the income of a patent attorney shall be paid 
to the Intellectual Property Office. ] 
8. An application shall be written in Mongolian. If it is \vritten in a language 
other than Mongolian, the applicant shall furnish a Mongolian translation of 
the application within two months of the date of receipt of the application by 
the [Intellectual Property Office]. [If a translation has not been submitted 
within the prescribed time the application concerned shall be deemed to have 
been withdrawn.] 
[] as amended on 1 February 1997 
Article 7. Filing of applications for innovations 
An application for an innovation shall be filed by the author or by an authorised 
agent and shall be submitted to the administration of the entity or organisation 
concerned. The application shall contain a request, a description of the innovation 
and evidential documents. 
Article 8. 'Date of filing of patent.applications 
1. The [Intellectual Property Office] shall verify the presence of the requirec 
documents in the application within 20 days of the date of receipt of tht 
application. If the [Intellectual Property Office] finds that the application ha~ 
fulfiled the requirements, it shall record as the filing date the date of receipt 0: 
the application. 
2. If the [Intellectual Property Office] finds that the application has not fulfilec 
the requirements, it shall invite the applicant to file the required correction: 
and amendments. 
3. If the applicant files the required corrections and amendments within 3 month, 
from the date of receipt of the invitation referred to in paragraph 2 of thi 
article the [Intellectual Property Office] shall record as the filing date the datl 
of receipt of the application. If no correction or amendment is made, thl 
application shall be considered as having been rejected. 
[] as amended on 1 February 1997 
Article 9. Date of filing of applications for innovation 
The administration of the entity or organisation with whom the application has bee 
filed shall record the filing date as the date of receipt of the application for a 
innovation. 5-28 Patent Law of Mongolia 
Article 10. Examination of patent applications IP/N/lIMNG/P/l 
Page 7 
I. After recording the filing date, the [Intellectual Property Office] shall examine 
the invention or industrial design to determine if it complies with the 
requirements of article 4 of this law. 
2. The applicant shall, on request, supply to the [Intellectual Property Office] 
information on any application for a patent or other form of entitlement to 
protection which has been filed by the applicant in any other country and 
which relates to the same or essentially the same invention as that to which the 
application filed with the [Intellectual Property Office] relates. 
3. During the examination procedure the applicant may request that the 
application be corrected or amended, provided that the correction or 
amendment shall not go beyond the disclosure made in the initial application. 
[If such a request is made the examination procedure may be postponed. The 
duration of any postponement shall be consistent with the time limits provided 
for in paragraph 5 of this article.] 
4. During the examination procedure, the applicant may divide the application 
into two or more applications, provided that each divided application shall riot 
go beyond the disclosure made in the initial application. 
5. The [Intellectual Property Office] shall, according to the examination report, 
reach a decision as to whether or not to grant a patent within 9 months from the 
filing date of the application. If required, the [Intellectual Property Office] may 
extend this period for a further 12 months. 
6. If it is decided to grant the patent, the formulation of the invention or the 
drawing of the industrial design and the particulars concerned shall be 
published in the Patent Gazette. 
7. If the invention or industrial design has not been recognised, a copy of the 
examination report shall be sent to the applicant within 30 days from the date 
of conclusion of the examination and the report shall be kept at the patent 
library. 
[] as amended on 1 February 1997 
Article 11. Examination of applications for innovations 
1. The business entity or organisation with whom an application is filed shall, 
within t'4 working days of the date of receipt of the application, prepare a 
report on whether the innovation is new and will be effective for its intended 
use in that entity or organisation. 
2. The administration of the business entity or organisation shall examine the 
innovation and make a decision as to whether to ~ecognise the innovatioI! 
within 14 days of the date of completion of the report. IP/NIlIMNG/PI 1 
Page 8 
Patent Law of Mongolia 5-29 
3. If the administration of the business entity or organisation recognises the 
innovation it shall, within 14 days of the date of agreeing to such recognition, 
refer its decision to the [Intellectual Property Office] together with a copy of 
the application. 
4. If the administration of the business entity or organisation does not recognise 
the innovation, it shall give notice of its decision and a copy of the examination 
report to the applicant within 7 days of the date of its decision. If the applicant 
disagrees with the decision he or she may submit an appeal to the Court within 
30 days of receiving notice of the decision. 
5. [deleted by amendment of 1 February 1997] 
[] as amended on 1 February 1997 
Chapter Three 
Grant of Patents and Innovation Certificates 
Article 12. Grant of patents for inventions and industrial designs 
1. If, after the expiry of three months from the date of the publication in the 
Patent Gazette of the formulation of an invention or the drawing of an 
industrial design together with the particulars concerned, the [Intellectual 
Property Office] has received no notice of opposition and no dispute has 
arisen, it shall grant the patent. [The request for a patent should be submitted 
within 10 years of the filing date. On request by the owner of a patent, the 
rights in it shall be extended for a further period of 20 years provided that in 
that case the patentability of the invention satisfies the requirements for 
patentability at the time such request is made.] 
2. If a notice of opposition is received or a dispute arises, the grant of the patent 
shall be deferred until the opposition or dispute has been settled in accordance 
with established procedure. 
3. Patents for inventions and industrial designs shall be registered in the State 
register and applications shall be kept in the patent library. 
[] as amended on 1 February 1997 
Article 13. Grant of innovation certificates 
1. The [Intellectual Property Office) shall register innovations in the State register 
and shall grant a certificate to any innovator within 30 days of receipt of the 
decision to recognise the innovation. 
2. [deleted by amendment of J February 1997] 
[] as amended on 1 FebruQJ)I 1997 5-30 Patent Law of Mongolia 
Article 14. Term of patents and innovation certificates IP/NIlIMNG/PI 1 
Page 9 
Patents for inventions and industrial designs shall be valid for tenns of 20 and 10 
years respectively; innovation certificates shall be valid for a tenn of 5 years; each 
such tenn shall run [from the date on which the patent or certificate is granted]. 
[] as amended on 1 February 1997 
Chapter Four 
Rights of Creators of Inventions, Ind ustrial Designs, Innovations and 
Patent Owners 
Article 15. Rights of creators of inventions or industrial designs 
1. The creator of an invention or industrial design shall be entitled to: 
I) ownership of his or her invention or industrial design; 
2) assign his or her right in a patent to another person; 
3) name his or her invention or industrial design; 
4) take part in the drafting of technical documentation, testing and 
implementation of his or her invention or industrial design during the 
production process; 
[5) receive an appropriate sum from profits which arise from the use of his or 
her invention or industrial design.] 
2. The right to a patent for an invention or industrial design which was created 
jointly shall belong to the authors jointly. A joint author shall not be able to 
assign his or her rights in a patent without the consent of the other authors. 
3. If two or more persons independently create the same invention or industrial 
design the right to a patent shall belong to the author who first submits an 
application to the [Intellectual Property Office]. To detennine which 
application is submitted first, reference shall be made to the filing date. 
4. [deleted by amendment of 1 February 1997] 
[] as amended on 1 February 1997 
Article 16. Rights of creators of innovations 
Creators of innovations shall be entitled: 
1) to take part in or to take under his or her control the drawing up of 
technical documentation and testing and implementation of the 
innovation; 
2) to be remunerated for any exploitation of the innovation. IP/NIlIMNG/PI 1 
Page 10 
Patent Law of Mongolia 
Article 17. Rights of patent owners 5-31 
1. Patent owners shall have the exclusive right to exploit their invention or 
industrial design. 
2. Patented inventions or industrial designs shall be exploited only with the 
permission of the patent owner. 
3. Patent owners shall have the right to assign their rights in a patent. 
Chapter Five 
Exploitation of Inventions, Industrial Designs and Innovations 
Article 18. Exploitation of patented inventions and industrial designs 
1. Making, selling, using, importing or storing an invention or industrial design 
for the purposes of making, selling or using that invention or design shall be 
recognised as exploitation of the protected invention or industrial design. 
2. The performance of the following acts of using patented inventions or 
industrial designs shall not constitute an infringement of the exclusive rights of 
patent owners: 
l) the use of articles which have been put on the market in this country by a 
patent owner or by another person with the patent owner's consent; 
2) use for scientific research or experimental purposes in Mongolia; 
3) use of an invention or industrial design on a means of transport belonging 
to another country which temporarily or accidentally enters the airspace 
or territory of Mongolia. 
J. Any person who, before the filing date of the application, was using the 
invention or industrial design or was making effective and serious preparation 
for use of such device, may exploit it without the consent of the patent owner. 
The scale and scope of such exploitation of the invention or industrial design 
may not be extended. 
(4. The Intellectual Property Office shall establish the State Reserve Fund of 
Inventions to ensure the effective use of inventions and industrial designs. The 
Intellectual Property Office shall hold the patent rights in all inventions which 
fonn part of that fund.] 
[] as amended on I February 1997 
Article 19. Licence contracts 
1. Any interested person may exploit a patented invention or industrial design by 
concluding a licence contract with the patent owner. 
2. The licence contract shall specify: 5-32 Patent Law of Mongolia IP/NI1IMNG/PI 1 
Page 11 
1) the methods, scope and tenn of exploitation of the invention or incli 
design; 
2) the rights and duties of the contracting parties; 
3) the amount of payment for the exploitation of the invention or indl 
design and the payment tenns. 
3. A licence contract shall be registered with the [Intellectual Property OfficI 
4. If the patent owner is a citizen or legal person of Mongolia, he or she she 
pennission from the [Intellectual Property Office] to conclude a !i 
contract for the exploitation abroad of the invention or industrial desig 
such exploitation must, if required, be under State control. 
5. A licence contract for the exploitation of an invention relating to any ( 
following matters may only be concluded with the pennission of the rei 
State central administrative body: methods of treatment of the human 
cattle or animals in relation to diagnostics and prophylactics for hum 
animal diseases; plant varieties; breeds of cattle or animals; biological me 
for the production of plant varieties or breeds of cattle or animals; strai 
micro-organisms and the mediums for their cultivation. 
6. The contracting parties shall keep the contents of the licence co 
confidential. 
[7. The owner of a patent may submit a request to the Intellectual Property ( 
for pennission for any interested party to use his or her invention pursuan 
licence contract.] 
[) as amended on 1 February 1997 
Article 20. Compulsory licences 
1. In the following cases, on the request of any interested person, a compu 
licence in respect of a patented invention may be granted by the [Intellt: 
Property Office]: 
1) if the invention must be used for a purpose associated with the p 
interest and in particular with national security, food supply or health 
2) if the invention has not been used or has been insufficiently used 
period of four years from the filing date of the patent application or 
years from the date of the grant of the patent (whichever period ex 
last) and the patent owner does not satisfy the [Intellectual Pro 
Office] that circumstances exist which justify the lack of lIse 0 
invention in Mongolia; 
3) if the patent owner sets unacceptable tenns for the exploitation 0 
invention. 
2. If the patent owner disagrees with a decision of the [Intellectual Pro: 
Office) to grant a compulsory licence he or she may appeal to the Court. IP/NI1/MNG/PI 1 
Page 12 
Patent Law of Mongolia 
[] as amended on 1 February 1997 
Article 21. Exploitation of innovations 5-33 
A business entity or organisation which recognises an innovation shall conclude a 
contract with the innovator to exploit the innovation. In the contract, the amount of 
payment for the exploitation of the innovation and the payment terms shall be 
specified. The innovator may conclude a contract for the exploitation of his or her 
invention with other business entities or organisations. 
Article 22. Obligations of business entities or organisations and patent 
owners 
1. A business entity or organisation exploiting an invention, industrial design or 
innovation shall report on the profit received from the exploitation in its 
balance sheet and shall keep the production method confidential. 
2. Any changes in the name and address of patent owners 'shall be communicated 
to the [Intellectual Property Office] for recording in writing. 
[] as amended on 1 February 1997 
Article 23. Inventions and industrial designs related to State secrecy 
Relations arising in connection with inventions and industrial designs which are 
related to State secrecy shall be regulated by the relevant law. 
Article 24. Patent and licence fees 
1. Fees shall be paid in order to maintain patents and for the registration of 
licence contracts. The fees shall be payable to the [Intellectual Property Office] 
2. Fees shall be regulated by law. 
[] as amended on 1 February 1997 
Article 25. Times for payment of fees 
1 . A fee shall be paid at fixed intervals so as to maintain the patent in force. 
2. The fee for the first three years shall be paid within six months of the date of 
the decision to grant the patent. Fees for subsequent periods shall be paid 
during the six month period immediately prior to the completion of that period. 
3. I f the patent owner is unable to pay the fee within the time limit prescribed in 
paragraph 2 of this article he or she may pay the fee within six months of the 
date of expiry of that period. In that case a surcharge of the same amount as the 
fee for that period shall also be paid. 
[4. Any interested person seeking to enforce the effectiveness of a patent may, 
with the consent of the patent owner, pay the patent fee.] 5-34 Patent Law of Mongolia 
[] as amended on 1 February 1997 
Article 26. Invalidation of patents IP/NIlIMNG/PI 1 
Page 13 
1. Any interested person may present a complaint to the Court to take action to 
invalidate a patent. 
2. If a patent is granted in breach of articles 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 of this law the Court 
shall invalidate the patent. In that case, the [Intellectual Property Office] shall 
record the corresponding changes in the State register and shall publish notices 
of the invalidation of the invention or industrial design in the Patent Gazette. 
3. In the case of surrender of a patent, refusal to pay a fee or non-payment of a 
fee within the time limit fixed in paragraph 3 of article 25 of this law, the 
[Intellectual Property Office] shall invalidate the patent. In such a case, the 
right to any patent in respect of an invention or industrial design which must be 
under State control shall be transferred to the corresponding State central 
administrative body. 
[4. If a patent is withdrawn due to non-payment of the patent fee, that patent may 
be renewed with the consent of the patent owner within the effective period of 
the patent.] 
[] as amended on 1 February 1997 
Chapter Six 
Miscellaneous Provisions 
[Article 27. Appeals and settlement of disputes 
The Intellectual Property Office shall examine and consider any appeal filed in 
connection with the examination of an application for an invention or industrial 
design and shall give written notice of its decision within six months of receipt of 
the appeal. If a party wishes to dispute that decision it may appeal to the Court 
within 30 days of receipt of the decision.] 
[] as amended on 1 February 1997 
Article 28. Liability for breach of patent law arising out of infringement of 
rights of creators of inventions and industrial designs, innovators 
and patent owners 
1. [If a breach of the patent legislation does not result in criminal liability, ajudge 
shall impose on a person in breach of the patent legislation a fine of up to 
25,000 togrogs, and, in the case of a business entity or organisation, a fme of 
up to 250,000 togrogs.] IP/N/lIMNG/P/l 
Page 14 
Patent Law of Mongolia 5-35 
2. Any person who infringes the rights of creators of inventions or industrial 
designs, or of the owners of innovations or patents shall be liable to sanctions 
under the laws of Mongolia. 
3. The procedure for the payment of compensation for losses caused by 
infringements of rights in a patent shall be detem1ined in accordance with the 
Civil Code of Mongolia. 
n as amended on 17 April 1995 
Article 29. Coming into force of the law 
1. This law shall come into effect on 1 September 1993. 
2. This law shall not apply retrospectively. 
Chairman of the State Ih Hural of Mongolia 
N Bagabandi 
General Secretary of the Secretariat of the State Ih Hural of Mongolia 
N Rinchindorj 
Ulaanbaatar 
25 June 1993 