RESTRICTED
WORLD TRADE IP/C/W/55
27February 1997
ORGANIZATION(97-0831)
Original: English Council forTrade-Related Aspects
ofIntellectual Property Rights
FOLLOW-UP TOTHE REVIEW OFLEGISLATION ON
COPYRIGHT AND RELATED RIGHTS
Questions posed byBrazil
Bymeans ofacommunication fromthePermanent Mission ofBrazil, dated 26February 1997,
theSecretariat hasreceived thefollowing questions thatBrazil hadcommunicated toAustralia, Canada,
Japan andtheUnited States.
Page
Australia, Canada, Japan andtheUnited States 2
United States 2
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AUSTRALIA, CANADA, JAPAN AND THE UNITED STATES
1. What aretheprerequisites fortheprotection ofawork, performance, phonogram and
broadcasting bycopyright andrelated rights under eachcategory ofsubject matter? Does protection
extend tothetitleofthework? Isthereaspecial requisite forphotographic works ortoworks ofapplied
art?
2. What aretheprerequisites fortheprotection ofadaptations, translations, andother alterations
oftheoriginal work, inparticular cinematographic works?
3. Please indicate thelegalprovisions thatensure theprotection ofcomputer programs asliterary
works, according toArticle 10(1) oftheTRIPS Agreement. Does itincorporate source andobject
code?
4. Whoisconsidered tobetheauthor andrightholder oftheprotected work inrespect toeach
category ofsubject matter? Canalegalperson beconsidered theauthor ofintellectual works? Ifso,
under whatcircumstances?
5. Please specify thetypes oflicences available forworks, performances, phonograms and
broadcasting protected bycopyright andrelated rights under thedomestic law(voluntary, compulsory,
etc.)andindicate therelevant legalprovisions.
6. Please specify theexceptions totherightofreproduction (Article 9oftheBerne Convention),
particularly withrespect towireandwireless digital transmissions andbrowsing ontheinternet?
UNITED STATES
1. Arecomputer programs protected byother forms ofintellectual property rights other than
copyright? Ifso,please explain theconditions forprotection.
2. Please describe thecriteria fortheprotection ofphonograms under UScopyright andrelated
rights law.