WORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATIONWT/WGTTT/5
14 July 2003
(03-3758)
Working Group on Trade and Transfer of Technology
REPORT OF THE WORKING GROUP ON TRADE AND
TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY TO THE GENERAL COUNCIL
I. INTRODUCTION
1. The Working Group on Trade and Transfer of Technology (Working Group) was established
at the Fourth Ministerial Conference in Doha in November 2001, with the following mandate:1
"We agree to an examination, in a Working Group under the auspices of the GeneralCouncil, of the relationship between trade and transfer of technology, and of any
possible recommendations on steps that might be taken within the mandate of the
WTO to increase flows of technology to de veloping countries.  The General Council
shall report to the Fifth Session of the Ministerial Conference on progress in the
examination."
2. In the period from the Doha Ministerial Co nference up to now, the Working Group has held
seven formal sessions, on 16 April, 11 June, 10 October, 28 November in 2002 and 3 March, 13 and
26 May, and 10 July in 2003. The Minutes of these meetings are contained in documentsWT/WGTTT/M/1 - WT/WGTTT/M/7.  The Work Programme was adopted at the fourth session of
the Working Group (Annex I).  Fourteen informal meetings were also held during this period.
3. The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the United
Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)  requested and were granted observer status.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank were also granted observer status
pursuant to WTO's cooperation agreement with the World Bank and the IMF concluded in
November 1996.
2
II. SUBMISSIONS BY MEMBERS AND PRESENTATIONS OF COUNTRY
EXPERIENCES3
4. The delegations of Bangladesh, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Honduras, India,
Indonesia, Jamaica, Kenya, Mauritius, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zimbabwe made a
joint submission4 regarding the objectives and possible terms of reference for the Working Group at
the first session of the Working Group.  It stressed that the terms of reference of the Working Group
should reflect the emphasis in the Doha Ministerial Declaration on the relationship between trade and
transfer of technology and possible steps that might be taken, within the mandate of the WTO, to
increase flows of technology to developing countries.
                                                     
1 Paragraph 37 of WT/MIN/(01)/DEC/W/1.
2 WT/L/195.
3 The details of the discussions that took place on these submissions, a list of which is contained in
Annex II of this report, and presentations of country experiences can be seen in the Minutes of the meetingscontained in WT/WGTTT/M/1 – WT/WGTTT/M/7.
4 WT/WGTTT/W/2.WT/WGTTT/5
Page 2
5. The delegation of the European Communities introduced its submission5 at the second session
of the Working Group.  The European Communities stat ed that in its examination of the relationship
between trade and transfer of technology, the Working Group should focus on (1) developing a
common understanding of the definition of technology transfer;  (2) an identification of the various
channels of transfer of technology;  and (3) the conditions under which those channels could be mosteffective.  In this context, the paper noted that the Working Group would need to pay particular
attention in its examination to the importance of fo reign direct investment (FDI), trade in goods and
services, licensing of technology subject to intellectual property rights, government procurement,
development co-operation, multilateral environment agreements, and private and public partnerships
in facilitating transfer of technology.
6. In addition, at the second and third sessions of the Working Group, national experts from
Brazil, China and Canada shared their country experiences on technology transfer.  The Brazilianexpert highlighted some of the key issues that his Government had addressed in trying to ensure the
flow of technology.
6  The Chinese expert also highlighted some of the critical issues relating to
technology transfer, including in the context of FDI flows and intellectual property rights (IPRs)
regimes.7  In the presentation by the Canadian expert the function and operation of its Industrial
Research Development Programme was explained and information provided on other Canadiantechnology development models and programmes.
 8
7. The delegations of Cuba, Egypt, Honduras, I ndia, Indonesia, Jamaica, Kenya, Mauritius,
Pakistan and Zimbabwe introduced a joint communication at the third session of the Working Group
on "Provisions Relating to Transfer of Technology in WTO Agreements".9  The introduction of the
paper, stated that as a first step in fulfilling the Working Group's mandate, it would be important toexamine the extent to which the existing WTO provisions relating to technology transfer had been
effectively implemented;  and the difficulties experienced in utilising these provisions.  Only
thereafter could the Working Group come up with concrete proposals in the context of the Doha
mandate.
8. The delegation of Canada introduced its submission on "Technology Transfer – the Canadian
Experience"
10 at the third session of the Working Group.  The paper provided an overview of factors
that the Canadian Government had identified as crucial to the development and growth of Canada's
technology transfer.  It looked at technology transfer within the context of Canada's innovation
strategy and then reviewed the Canadian experience of technology transfer from a number of different
perspectives, including Canada as a recipient and provider of technology.  The paper noted the
linkages between successful transfer of technology and open trade, particularly investment, regimes.
9. The delegation of the European Communities made a second submission entitled "Reflection
Paper on Transfer of Technology to Deve loping and Least-Developed Countries"11 at the fifth session
of the Working Group.  The paper, which was also submitted to the TRIPS Council, identified the
different components that make up the concept of transfer of technology and the ways in which those
components complement and interact with each other.  It looked at the different types of technology
that could be transferred and the ways in which those technologies could be acquired.  The paperdiscussed the important role in the context of technology transfer of the private sector, effective IPR
                                                     
5 WT/WGTTT/1.
6 WT/WGTTT/M/2.
7 WT/WGTTT/M/2.
8 WT/WGTTT/M/3.
9 WT/WGTTT/3/Rev.1.
10 WT/WGTTT/2.
11 IP/C/W/398 - WT/WGTTT/W/5.WT/WGTTT/5
Page 3
protection regimes and the absorptive capacity of host countries.  It also considered incentives that
could promote and encourage technology transf er to Least-Developed Countries (LDCs).
10. The delegations of Cuba, India, Indonesia, Ja maica, Kenya, Nigeria, Pakistan, Tanzania,
Venezuela and Zimbabwe made a joint submission on "Possible recommendations on steps that might
be taken within the mandate of the WTO to increase flows of technology to developing countries"12 at
the sixth session of the Working Group.  The paper highlighted a number of areas where the
proponents felt that recommendations could be made by the Working Group on concrete and practical
steps that might be taken to facilitate transfer of technology to developing countries in the context of
the mandate contained in paragraph 37 of the Doha Ministerial Declaration.  The recommendations
made in that submission included an examination of (1) the different provisions contained in various
WTO Agreements relating to technology transfer;  (2) the restrictive practices adopted by multi
national enterprises in the area of transfer of technology;  (3)  the impact of tariff peaks and tariffescalation in developed countries on technology transfer;  (4) the difficulties faced by developing
countries in meeting the standards set by WTO agreements due to the lack of required technology;
and (5) the need for and desirability of internationally agreed disciplines on transfer of technology.
11. The delegation of Switzerland also made a submission titled "Creating Incentives for the
Transfer of Technology of Environmentally Sound Technologies"
13 at the sixth session of the
Working Group.  The submission examined the Swiss experience with transfer of technology to
developing countries based on hands-on experience with centres working in the field of transfer of
Environmentally Sound Technologies (ESTs).  The subm ission noted the beneficial effects of a stable,
transparent and enforceable enabling environment on the transfer of EST.
III. PRESENTATIONS ON TRADE AND TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY BY OTHER
INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS
12. It was agreed by Members that in the Working Group's examination of the relationship
between trade and transfer of technology, it would be useful to invite other intergovernmental
organisations to make presentations on the work they were doing in the area of technology transfer.
At the first session of the Working Group, representatives from UNCTAD and the Institute for NewTechnologies of the United Nations University introduced the subject and explained what they were
doing in the area of trade and transfer of technology.
14  At the third session of the Working Group,
UNIDO made a presentation,15 in which the work that UNIDO had been doing to facilitate transfer of
technology and the services offered by UNIDO's International Technology Centres and Investment
and Technology Promotion Offices was highlighted.  The World Bank made a presentation of the
work that it was doing in the field of trade and transfer of technology at the fourth session of the
Working Group.16  At the fifth session of the Working Group, UNCTAD made available to Members
three case studies on Transfer of Technology for Successful Integration into the Global Economy.17
The representative of UNCTAD highlighted that the issues raised in these case studies included howinternational competitiveness had led to new lines of productive activities and whether similar policy
approaches could work in a more open and rules-based global trading environment.
                                                     
12 WT/WGTTT/W/6 and Add.1.
13 WT/WGTTT/W/7.
14 WT/WGTTT/M/1.
15 WT/WGTTT/M/3.
16 WT/WGTTT/M/4.
17 WT/WGTTT/M/5.WT/WGTTT/5
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IV. INPUTS OF WORK IN OTHER WTO BODIES ON TRADE AND TRANSFER OF
TECHNOLOGY AND BACKGROUND PAPERS PREPARED BY THE
SECRETARIAT
A. INPUTS OF WORK IN OTHER WTO B ODIES
13. At the third session of the Working Group, Members decided to request information from
other WTO bodies regarding any work that they may have done or that they planned to carry out in
relation to trade and transfer of technology.  To date 38 responses have been received from other
WTO bodies, nine of which indicated that some work had been done or would be done with respect to
transfer of technology.  These came from the Committee on the Working Group on the Relationship
between Trade and Investment, Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, Committee on
Trade and Environment, the TRIPS Council, the Working Group on the Interaction between Trade
and Competition Policy, the Special Session of the Committee on Trade and Development, TradePolicy Review Body, Committee on Government Procurement and the Committee on Customs
Valuation.   These responses were made available to Members at the fourth and fifth sessions of the
Working Group.
14. The Chairman of the Working Group on the Relationship between Trade and Investment
indicated that the issue of FDI and the transfer of technology were discussed at its meeting on16-18 September
18 under the subject of technical assistance.  The Secretariat had prepared a
background note on "Key Issues Concerning Foreig n Direct Investment and the Transfer and
Diffusion of Technology to Developing Countries".19  The Chairman of the Committee on Sanitary
and Phytosanitary Measures indicated that in discussions regarding special and differential treatment,
some Members had identified the need for technical assistance to build the capacity of developingcountries to make use of new technologies, particularly for the control of chemical residues in food
products.  The Chairman of the Committee on Trade and Environment indicated that the Committee
had touched upon the issue of transfer of technology in the context of several items of its work
programme:  multilateral environmental agreements;  market access;  exports of domestically
prohibited goods;  and the relevant provisions of the TRIPS Agreement.
15. The Chairman of the TRIPS Council indicated that trade and transfer of technology had been
the focus of the Council's work under its agenda item "Implementation of Article 66.2".
20  He als o
indicated that issues relating to trade and transfer of technology had been raised under other agenda
items, including "Paragraph 6 of the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health",
"Technical Cooperation and Capacity-Building" and "Other Outstanding Implementation Issues
(Tirets 93 and 94 and Proposal by LDCs on their Transition Period)".  The Chairman of the Working
Group on the Interaction of Trade and Competiti on Policy indicated that at the Working Group's
meeting of 1-2 July 2002, the view had been expressed that one of the effects of international cartels
could be to restrict the transfer of technology, especially to developing countries.  The Chairman of
the Special Session of the Committee on Trade and Development indicated that during its
consideration of special and differential treatment (S&D) provisions, the Special Session had received
a number of submissions from Members containing proposals relating to the transfer of technology.Those proposals expressed the need to improve transfer of technology and a desire to operationalize
various provisions relating to technology transfer in the areas of intellectual property, services,
sanitary and phytosanitary measures and technical barriers to trade.
                                                     
18 WT/WGTI/M/19.
19 WT/WGTI/W/136.
20 Subsequently, in February 2003, the TRIPS Council adopted a decision on the "Implementation of
Article 66.2 of the TRIPS Agreement" (IP/C/28).WT/WGTTT/5
Page 5
16. The Chairman of the Trade Policy Review B ody indicated that although no discussions had
been held on trade and technology transfer, the matt er was often touched on, especially with respect to
a Member's investment regime and its provisions for the protection of intellectual property.  The
Chairman of the Committee on Government Procurement indicated that in the footnote to
Article XVI, paragraph 1 of the Agreement on Gove rnment Procurement, licensing of technology was
listed as one type of offset used in government procurement to encourage local development or
improve the balance-of-payments accounts.  Article XVI, paragraph 2 allowed a developing country
to negotiate conditions for the use of offsets at the time of its accession to the Agreement.  Although
the issue of trade and technology transfer had not been specifically addressed by the Committee on
Customs Valuation, the Chairman of the Committee in his response had drawn Members' attention to
the "Decision on the Valuation of Carrier Media-B earing Software for Data Processing Equipment"
that could effect the transfer of technology through international trade.
B. I NPUTS BY THE SECRETARIAT
17. The Secretariat assisted the work of the Working Group by producing background papers on
trade and transfer of technology requested by the Working Group.  The first background paper "Trade
and Transfer of Technology"21 and a bibliography22 of reference materials on the subject of trade and
technology transfer were introduced and discussed at the first and second sessions of the WorkingGroup.
23  The paper examined how new technologies were created and how they diffused
geographically.  It also examined empirical evidence on the role of trade in technology diffusion
internationally, focusing on how trade led to technology transfer and what factors favoured the
absorption of technologies.   The second background paper prepared by the Secretariat, "A Taxonomy
of Country Experiences on International Technology Transfers"24 was circulated to Members on
8 November and was discussed at the fifth session of the Working Group.  The paper examined the
justifications for government interventions in relation to technology transfer and provided an
overview of the policy approach and policy instruments that governments have adopted to favour
technology transfers.  A survey was then carried out on a number of country case studies, in order to
examine experiences in respect of a range of policies and institutional options available for facilitatingtechnology transfer.
V. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRADE AND TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY
18. A large number of issues have been touched upon in the various submissions, presentations,
background papers and during the discussions held in the Working Group.  The broad themes
discussed include the following:
1. Definition of Transfer of Technology
19. During discussions on the approach that the Working Group should take on its work, some
Members felt that the Working Group should seek to look for a broad but clear, simple and workable
definition of technology transfer.  Some Members believed that a narrow definition of technology
transfer would risk excluding relevant factors and processes that hindered developing countries in
their efforts to integrate in the global economy and from making use of the opportunities that the
access to and the use of technology offers.  They felt that a definition should be inclusive, and inter
alia comprise the processes and factors relating to the access and use of technology.  Some other
Members believed that an understanding reached on the definition of technology transfer;  the various
channels for transfer of technology;  and conditions under which these channels were most effective
                                                     
21 WT/WGTTT/W/1.
22 WT/WGTTT/W/1/Add.1.
23 WT/WGTTT/M/1 and WT/WGTTT/M/2.
24 WT/WGTTT/W/3.WT/WGTTT/5
Page 6
might constitute a basis for possible recommendations on steps that might be taken, within the
mandate of the WTO, to increase flows of tec hnology to developing countries.  Some Members
believed that the Working Group should not get caught up in the definitional aspect as literature
relating to the definition of technology transfer was already available.  Later, when this issue was
again discussed, those Members were of the view that discussions in the Working Group had gonebeyond the definitional level.
2. Transfer of Technology and the Enabling Environment
20. Some Members recognised that the domestic policy framework played a critical role in the
domestic generation, transfer and diffusion of technology.  They felt that appropriate domestic
policies were important for ensuring that foreign investment and strategic partnerships actually
supported technology transfer.  Some Members believed that the enabling environment of the host
country, including human capital, infrastructure, legal framework and macroeconomic conditionswere key elements in determining technology transfer flows.  Some Members emphasised the
importance of a country's absorptive capacity in this regard, which depended on among other things,
the level and nature of the domestic education sy stem in attracting technology from abroad.  This
issue was also touched upon in the presentation by the World Bank in which it was stated that transfer
of technology would result in economic gains only if the recipient country was willing and able toabsorb the transferred technology.  If the transferred technology was too advanced, or did not fit with
the production structure, or the capacities or skills of the workers in the recipient country, it would
have little impact on the productivity in that country.  Members also considered the issue of building,
retaining, and attracting back, human resources in the context of building national technological
capacity.  Some Members felt that an appropriate human resource policy could contribute positivelyto technology development and technology transfer.  However, some other Members said that
although they had taken some of the steps suggested for attracting more foreign technology and
supporting their domestic demand for foreign technology, the practical experiences had not been
positive.  Those Members believed that it was therefore critical to consider the steps that advanced
countries were taking, and should take, to facilitate the transfer of technology to developing countries.
3. Transfer of Technology and the Role of Home and Host Countries
21. Members considered the role of both home and host countries as being important factors in
facilitating the transfer of technology.  Some Members believed that the role that policies could play
in promoting greater flows of technology transf er could be established by considering both
international technology transfer and diffusion of technology within a country, once it had been
transferred.  Some other Members emphasised the importance of examining the reasons why
developing countries faced structural problems in acquiring technology from abroad and consideringways by which the international community could change that situation.  Those Members saw the
need for further analysis of the types of technologies  that might have been transferred in the past from
developed countries to developing countries and the policies that may have facilitated such a transfer.
At the same time, they felt that developing countries often only received obsolete technologies, with
the sharing of the more advanced technologies being limited to developed countries.  They alsobelieved that it was important to consider more closely the restrictive business practices of
multinational corporations and technology owners in order to see how those could be addressed
within the mandate of the WTO.  However, some other Members were of the view that there was no
evidence to suggest that multinationals were more likely to engage in predatory practises and anti-
competitive behaviour than comparable domestic co mpanies.  At the same time, they deemed the
policies of developing countries as being the major element that could contribute to the successful
transfer of technology.WT/WGTTT/5
Page 7
4. Transfer of Technology and Intellectual Property Rights
22. During discussions on the relationship between IPRs and transfer of technology some
Members questioned the linkage between IPR regimes and technology transfer stating that one could
not be a precondition for ensuring the other.  A number of those Members felt that the effect of IPRs
on the transfer of technology was dependent on a country's level of economic development andtechnological advancement.  They stated that it was only after a developing country had acquired
sufficient national scientific and technological capacity that the protection of intellectual property
became an important element in the transfer of t echnology.  However, some other Members believed
that a good IPR regime would facilitate the transf er of technology, especially technology otherwise
viewed as being sensitive.  According to those Members an appropriate IPR regime could play a
crucial role in technology transfer as an inducement to direct investment;  as a stimulus to innovation;
and as a source of inexpensive technological know how.  During discussions, some Members raisedthe issue of the patenting of technologies developed out of public sector funding, and questioned
whether those patents could be considered as entirely owned by the private sector, or whether the
Governments which had provided funding for their development had any control over the transfer of
the technology covered by such patents.
5. Transfer of Technology and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
23. During discussions on the possible linkage between FDI and transfer of technology some
Members observed that technology transfer was often most successful when accomplished by means
of FDI.  Those Members believed that the pre-establishment assessment and long-term commitment
of foreign direct investors increased the likelihood that transferred technology would be adapted to
local needs and be made suitable for the local product ion environment.  They felt that that reinforced
the case of FDI as a critical mechanism for tech nology transfer.  However, some other Members felt
that although FDI could result in the transfer of technology, its importance in that regard had been
overstated.  Those Members were sceptical about FDI providing a solution to the problem of
technology transfer in much of the developing world, especially since FDI in many cases had only
resulted in the transfer of low levels of technology.
6. Transfer of Technology and WTO Agreements
24. The Working Group engaged in preliminary discussions on some of the existing WTO
Agreements that contain technology related clauses which might have an impact, whether positive or
negative, on facilitating flows of technology to developing countries.  Some Members believed that it
was important to examine the extent to which the existing WTO provisions relating to transfer of
technology had been effectively implemented and the difficulties that developing countries had
experienced in utilising those provisions.  They believed that most WTO provisions related totechnology transfer were of a "best endeavour" nature, rather than binding obligations and believed
that they should be made operational so that they actually facilitated transfer of technology to
developing countries.  Some other Members fe lt that the WTO provisions were underpinned by
several priorities such as integrating countries into world trade, protecting IPRs, increasing the flow of
investment and promoting sustainable development.   They noted that some of those provisions
identified technical assistance, training, provision of information and other forms of developmental
cooperation as the principle means of promoting transfer of technology.  Those Members, were also
reluctant to introduce any element of negotiation into the Working Group and felt that the Working
Group was not the correct forum to review the implementation of WTO agreements.
7. Transfer of Technology and Technical Assistance
25. Members acknowledged that technological capac ity-building in developing countries could
play an important role in the transfer of technology.  Some Members believed that as productionWT/WGTTT/5
Page 8
became increasingly knowledge and technology-intensive, issues of technology transfer and
technological capacity building in developing countries would become even more important for
achieving sustained growth and development.  They felt that enhancing the effectiveness of the
relevant WTO instruments for transfer of technology and capacity-building in developing countries
would be important.  At the same time, they were of the view that the trade-related capacity building,for which the WTO had expertise, was not geared to support the initiatives that would help developing
countries attract foreign technology.
VI. THEMES FOR POSSIBLE FUTURE WORK
26. The Working Group on Trade and Transfer of Technology has proceeded with the
examination referred to in the mandate set out in paragraph 37 of the Doha Ministerial Declaration.
Discussions have taken place on a number of issues, including in the context of submissions andpresentations made by Members and other intergovernmental organisations.  Although there is no
consensus that recommendations of the kind mandated in paragraph 37 of the Doha Ministerial
Declaration could be made at this stage, some Members identified particular themes that they wanted
the Working Group to discuss further in the context of continuing its examination of the relationship
between trade and transfer of technology,
25 and of possible recommendations on steps that might be
taken within the mandate of the WTO to increase flows of technology to developing countries.26  At
this stage only brief discussions have been held on the themes highlighted in the submissions and
recommendations made for future work, which are detailed in Section II of this report.
                                                     
25 WT/WGTTT/1; WT/WGTTT/3/Rev.1; IP/C/W/398 – WT/WGTTT/W/5.
26 WT/WGTTT/W/6.WT/WGTTT/5
Page 9
ANNEX I
Working Group on Trade and Transfer of Technology
Work Programme 2003
A. ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRADE AND TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY
B. WORK BY OTHER INTERNATIONAL INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS AND ACADEMIA
C. SHARING OF COUNTRY EXPERIENCES
D. IDENTIFICATION OF PROVISIONS RELATED TO TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY IN THE WTO
AGREEMENTS
E. ANY POSSIBLE RECOMMENDATIONS ON STEPS THAT MIGHT BE TAKEN WITHIN THE
MANDATE OF THE WTO TO INCREASE FLOWS OF TECHNOLOGY TO DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
F. OTHER TOPICS RAISED BY MEMBERSWT/WGTTT/5
Page 10
ANNEX II
Working Group on Trade and Transfer of Technology documents
WT/WGTTT
Documents:
WT/WGTTT/W/1 Trade and Transfer of Technology - Background Note by the
Secretariat
WT/WGTTT/W/1/Add.1 Trade and Transfer of Technology – Bibliography - Addendum
WT/WGTTT/W/1/Corr.1 Corrigendum
WT/WGTTT/W/2 The Working Group on Trade and Transfer of Technology –
Communication from Bangladesh, Cuba, Dominican Republic,
Egypt, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Kenya, Mauritius,
Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zimbabwe
WT/WGTTT/W/3 A Taxonomy on Country Experiences on International
Technology Transfers – Note by the Secretariat
WT/WGTTT/W/4 Draft – Report (2002) of the Working Group on Trade and
Transfer of Technology
IP/C/W/398WT/WGTTT/W/5Reflection Paper on Transfer of Technology to Developing and
Least-Developed Countries – Communication from the European
Communities and their member States
WT/WGTTT/W/6 The Working Group on Trade and Transfer of Technology –
Communication from Cuba, India,  Indonesia, Kenya, Pakistan,
Tanzania and Zimbabwe
WT/WGTTT/W/6/Add.1 Addendum - The Working Group on Trade and Transfer of
Technology – Communication from Cuba, India, Indonesia,Jamaica, Kenya, Nigeria, Pakistan, Tanzania, Venezuela and
Zimbabwe
WT/WGTTT/W/7 Creating Incentives for the Transfer of Environmentally Sound
Technologies (EST) – The Experience of the Swiss Development
Cooperation
WT/WGTTT/1 Trade and Transfer of Technology – Communication from the
European Communities
WT/WGTTT/2 Technology Transfer – The Canadian experience –
Communication from the Government of Canada
WT/WGTTT/3 Provisions relating to Transfer of Technology in WTO
Agreements – Communication from Cuba, Egypt, Honduras,
India, Indonesia, Kenya and Zimbabwe
WT/WGTTT/3/Rev.1 Provisions relating to Transfer of Technology in WTO
Agreements – Communication from Cuba, Egypt, Honduras,
India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Kenya, Mauritius, Pakistan and
Zimbabwe - Revision
WT/WGTTT/3/Rev.1/Add.1 Addendum
WT/WGTTT/4 Report (2002) of the Working Group on Trade and Transfer of
Technology
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