WORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATIONG/L/417
20 November 2000
(00-4929)
COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE (REGULAR MEETINGS)
GENERAL COUNCIL OVERVIEW OF WTO ACTIVITIES (2000)
Report by the Vice-Chairman
The present report on the regular meetings of the Committee on Agriculture is submitted on
the responsibility of the Vice-Chairman, Minister Yoichi Suzuki, as agreed by the Committee
(G/AG/R/24, paragraph 14, refers).
_______________
1. Since its last annual report (G/L/322) the Committee on Agriculture has held five regular
meetings: on 17 November 1999, and in the current year on 22-23 March, 28 June, 30 September and
on 14 November (Secretariat summary reports of these meetings, G/AG/R/21 to 25, refer).
2. In accordance with Article 18.1 of the Agreement on Agriculture ("the Agreement"), the
Committee, at each of these five meetings, review ed progress in the implementation of commitments
negotiated under the Uruguay Round reform programme.  This review process was undertaken on the
basis of notifications submitted by Members in the areas of market access, domestic support and
export subsidies.  No notifications were received under the provisions of the Agreement relating to
export prohibitions and restrictions in the period under review.  In total 302 notifications in these three
areas were subject to review, or to further review, in the Committee.  At each of its meetings the
Committee also reviewed the overall position with respect to compliance with the notificationobligations under Article 18.2 and other relevant provisions of the Agreement.  The current situation
concerning compliance with notification requirements is summarized in Annex I to this report.
3. The Committee addressed a wide range of general and specific matters relevant to the
implementation of commitments that were raised, independently of notifications, under the provisions
of Article 18.6 of the Agreement.  A number of these matters have been subject to informalconsultations.
4. Article 18.5 of the Agreement on Agriculture provides that: "Members agree to consult
annually in the Committee on Agriculture with respect to their participation in the normal growth of
world trade in agricultural products within the framework of the commitments on export subsidies
under this Agreement."  In accordance with the Committee's Working Procedures (G/AG/1,paragraph 17, refers), these consultations were undertaken at the November 1999 and 2000 meetings
of the Committee on the basis, inter alia , of a Secretariat Note, G/AG/W/32 (revision 3 of which is
attached as Annex II to this report).
5. In line with relevant instruction  of the General Council at its Special Session on 18 October
2000, the Committee at its meeting on 14 November considered the implementation of Article 10.2 ofthe Agreement on Agriculture concerning the development of internationally-agreed disciplines to
govern the provision of export credits, export credit guarantees or insurance programmes, as well as
the related paragraph 4 of the Marrakesh Ministerial Decision on Measures Concerning the PossibleG/L/417
Page 2
Negative Effects of the Reform Programme on L east-Developed and Net Food-Importing Developing
Countries.  A separate report on the Committee's progress on this issue is to be submitted to the
regular meeting of the General Council to be held on 7-8 December.
6. Article 16.1 of the Agreement provides that developed country Members of the WTO shall
take such action as is provided for within the framework of the Marrakesh Ministerial Decision on
Measures Concerning the Possible Negative Effects of the Reform Programme on Least-Developedand Net Food-Importing Developing Countries.  In accordance with Article 16.2 of the Agreement,
the Committee on Agriculture has continued to monitor the follow-up to the Marrakesh Ministerial
Decision at its regular meetings, including the recommendations of Singapore WTO Ministerial
meeting with respect to the implementation of the Decision in the areas of food aid and
concessionality, technical and financial assistance in the context of aid programmes, differential
treatment under any agreement relating to agricultura l export credits, and access to the resources of
international financial institutions in connection with short-term difficulties that may be experiencedin financing normal levels of commercial imports of basic foodstuffs.
7. At the request of the Committee the Secretariat prepared a background note on the
implementation of the Marrakesh Ministerial D ecision and related recommendations (G/AG/W/42).
An updated version of this Secretariat note (G/AG/W/42/Rev.3, dated 31 October 2000) is attached as
Annex III.  The Comm ittee's discussions on the Decision are reflected in the Secretariat summary
reports of the November 1999, March, June, Sept ember and November 2000 meetings (G/AG/R/21,
paragraphs 13-14, G/AG/R/22, pa ragraph 21, G/AG/R/23, paragr aph 38, G/AG/R/24, paragraph 16,
and G/AG/R/25, refer).
8. The WTO list of net food-importing developing countries as established by the Committee
currently comprises the 48 least-developed countries as recognized by the United Nations, and thefollowing 19 developing country Members of the WT O:  Barbados, Botswana, Côte d'Ivoire, Cuba,
Dominican Republic, Egypt, Honduras, Jamaica, Kenya, Mauritius, Morocco, Pakistan, Peru, Saint
Lucia, Senegal, Sri Lanka, Trinidad and T obago, Tunisia and Venezuela (G/AG/5/Rev.3).
9. The following international intergovernmental organizations have regular observer status in
the Committee:  FAO, the IMF, the International Grains Council, the OECD, UNCTAD, the UNWorld Food Programme and the World Bank.  No consensus was reached as regards requests for
observer status by 10 other international/intergov ernmental organizations (G/AG/W/29/Rev.4 refers,
attached as Annex IV).
10. The Committee adopted the following schedule of provisional dates for meetings in 2001:
27-28 March, 26-27 June, 25-26 September and 13-14 November.Annex I G/L/417
Page 3Annex I – Regular notifications pertaining to the 1996 to 1999 years made under the Agreement on Agriculture
(as of 15 November 2000)
MA:1 MA:2 MA:5 DS:1 ES:1 ES:2
Imports under tariff quotas Special safeguard Domestic support Export subsidies Total exports
One off 1996 1997 1998 1999 1996 1997 1998 1999 1996 1997 1998 1999 1996 1997 1998 1999 1996 1997 1998 1999
A l b a n i a N A N AN AN AN AN AN AN AN AN AN AN AN AN AN AN AN AN AN AN AN A
Angola NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA (NA) (NA) NA NA NA NA NA
A n t i g u a  &  B a r b u d a N A N AN AN AN AN AN AN AN A N AN AN AN A
A r g e n t i n a N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A X XXXXXXXX
A u s t r a l i a X XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
B a h r a i n N A N AN AN AN AN AN AN AN A X X N AN AN AN A
Bangladesh NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA (NA) (NA) NA NA NA NA
Barbados X  NA  NA  NA NA
Belize NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
B e n i n N A N AN AN AN AN AN AN AN A ( N A )X( N A ) N AN AN AN A
B o l i v i a N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A XXXXXXXX N A N A N A N A
Botswana NA NA NA NA NA X X NA NA NA NA
B r a z i l X XXX N A N A N A N A XX XXX XXX
B r u n e i  D a r u s s a l a m N A N AN AN AN AN AN AN AN A N AN AN AN A
Bulgaria X NA X X NA X X X NA NA NA
Burkina Faso NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA (NA) (NA) X NA NA NA NA
B u r u n d i N A N AN AN AN AN AN AN AN A ( N A ) ( N A ) N AN AN AN A
Cameroon NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
C a n a d a X XXX XXXXXX XXX XXX
Central African Rep. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA (NA) (NA) NA NA NA NA
Chad NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA (NA) (NA) NA NA NA NA
C h i l e N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A XXXXXXX XXX
C o l o m b i a X XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXX
C o n g o N A N AN AN AN AN AN AN AN AN A N A N AN AN AN A
C o s t a  R i c a X XX X * XXXXXXX XXX XXX
Côte d'Ivoire  NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Cuba NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA X X X X X X X
Cyprus NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA X X X X X X X X X
C z e c h  R e p u b l i c X XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
D e m .  R e p .  o f  t h e  C o n g o N A N AN AN AN AN AN AN AN AN A ( N A ) ( N A ) N A N AN AN AN A
Djibouti NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA (NA) (NA) NA NA NA NA
Dominica NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA X X NA NA NA NA
Dominican Republic NA NA NA NA NA NA NA X X X NA NA NA NA
E C X XXXXXXX XX XXX XXX
E c u a d o r X XXX X XXX  N A  N A  N A N A
E g y p t N A N AN AN AN AN AN AN AN A X X X X X X N AN AN AN A
E l  S a l v a d o r X X X X X X X X X N AN AN AN A
E s t o n i a N A N AN AN AN AN AN AN AN AN AN AN A N AN AN A X N AN AN AN AG/L/417 Annex I
Page 4Annex I – Regular notifications pertaining to the 1996 to 1999 years made under the Agreement on Agriculture
(as of 15 November 2000)
MA:1 MA:2 MA:5 DS:1 ES:1 ES:2
Imports under tariff quotas Special safeguard Domestic support Export subsidies Total exports
One off 1996 1997 1998 1999 1996 1997 1998 1999 1996 1997 1998 1999 1996 1997 1998 1999 1996 1997 1998 1999
Fiji NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA X X X X NA NA NA NA
G a b o n N A N AN AN AN AN AN AN AN A N AN AN AN A
Gambia NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA (NA) X (NA) X NA NA NA NA
G e o r g i a N A N AN AN AN AN AN AN AN AN AN AN AN AN AN AN AN AN AN AN AN A
G h a n a N A N AN AN AN AN AN AN AN A X X X X N AN AN AN A
G r e n a d a N A N AN AN AN AN AN AN AN A N AN AN AN A
G u a t e m a l a X XXXXXXXX XXXX N A N A N A N A
G u i n e a  B i s s a u N A N AN AN AN AN AN AN AN A ( N A ) ( N A ) N AN AN AN A
Guinea, Republic of NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA (NA) (NA) NA NA NA NA
Guyana NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA X X NA NA NA NA
H a i t i N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A ( N A ) X ( N A ) XXXXX N A N A N A N A
Honduras NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA X X X X X X X
H o n g  K o n g ,  C h i n a N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A XXXXXXXX N A N A N A N A
H u n g a r y X XXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
I c e l a n d X XXXXXX XXX XX XX
I n d i a N A N AN AN AN AN AN AN AN A N AN AN AN A
I n d o n e s i a X  X  X  XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
I s r a e l X XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
J a m a i c a N A N AN AN AN AN AN AN AN A X X X X X X N AN AN AN A
J a p a n X XXXXXXXXXX XXXX N A N A N A N A
Jordan NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
K e n y a N A N AN AN AN AN AN AN AN A X X X N AN AN AN A
K o r e a X XXX XXX XXX XXX N A N A N A N A
Kuwait NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Kyrgyz Republic NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA X NA NA NA NA NA NA
L a t v i a X N AN AN A N AN AN AN AN AN AN A X N AN AN A X N AN AN AN A
L e s o t h o N A N AN AN AN AN AN AN AN A ( N A ) ( N A ) N AN AN AN A
M a c a u ,  C h i n a N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A XXXXXXXX N A N A N A N A
Madagascar NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA X (NA) X (NA) X X X X NA NA NA NA
Malawi NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA (NA) (NA) NA NA NA NA
M a l a y s i a X X X * X * XXX XXX XXX X
Maldives NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA X X X (NA) X X X NA NA NA NA
Mali NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA (NA) (NA) NA NA NA NA
M a l t a N A N AN AN AN AN AN AN AN A X X X X X X N AN AN AN A
Mauritania NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA (NA) (NA) NA NA NA NA
M a u r i t i u s N A N AN AN AN AN AN AN AN A N AN AN AN A
M e x i c o X XXXXXXX XX X * X * X * X *
Mongolia NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA X X X NA X X X NA NA NA NA
M o r o c c o X XXX XXX XXX XX N A N A N A N AAnnex I G/L/417
Page 5Annex I – Regular notifications pertaining to the 1996 to 1999 years made under the Agreement on Agriculture
(as of 15 November 2000)
MA:1 MA:2 MA:5 DS:1 ES:1 ES:2
Imports under tariff quotas Special safeguard Domestic support Export subsidies Total exports
One off 1996 1997 1998 1999 1996 1997 1998 1999 1996 1997 1998 1999 1996 1997 1998 1999 1996 1997 1998 1999
Mozambique NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA (NA) (NA) NA NA NA NA
M y a n m a r N A N AN AN AN AN AN AN AN A ( N A ) ( N A ) N AN AN AN A
N a m i b i a N A N A N A N A N A XXX XXX XXX N A N A N A N A
N e w  Z e a l a n d X XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Nicaragua X NA NA NA NA
N i g e r N A N AN AN AN AN AN AN AN AN A ( N A ) ( N A ) N A N AN AN AN A
N i g e r i a N A N AN AN AN AN AN AN AN A X X X X N AN AN AN A
N o r w a y X XXXXXXX XXX XXX X * XXX X *
Oman NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Pakistan NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA X X X X X X X X
Panama X NA X X* X* NA X X X NA NA NA
Papua New Guinea NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Paraguay NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA X X X X X X NA NA NA NA
Peru NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA X X X X X X NA NA NA NA
P h i l i p p i n e s X  X  X  X XXX XXX XXX XX
P o l a n d X XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
Q a t a r N A N AN AN AN AN AN AN AN A X X X N AN AN AN A
Romania X X X X* X* X X X* X* X X* X* X* X X X* X* X X X* X*
Rwanda NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA (NA) (NA) NA NA NA NA
S a i n t  K i t t s  &  N e v i s N A N AN AN AN AN AN AN AN A N AN AN AN A
S a i n t  L u c i a N A N AN AN AN AN AN AN AN A N AN AN AN A
Saint Vincent & Gre. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
S e n e g a l N A N AN AN AN AN AN AN AN A N AN AN AN A
S i e r r a  L e o n e N A N AN AN AN AN AN AN AN A ( N A ) ( N A ) N AN AN AN A
S i n g a p o r e N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A XXXXXXXX N A N A N A N A
S l o v a k  R e p u b l i c  X XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
S l o v e n i a X XXXX N A N A N A N A XXXXXXXX N A N A N A N A
Solomon Islands NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA (NA) (NA) NA NA NA NA
S o u t h  A f r i c a X XXX X * XXX XXX XXX XXX
Sri Lanka NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA X X X X NA NA NA NA
Suriname NA  NA  NA  NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Swaziland NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
S w i t z e r l a n d - L i e c h t e n s t e i n X XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
Tanzania NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA (NA) (NA) NA NA NA NA
T h a i l a n d X XXX XXX XXX XX XX
Togo NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA (NA) (NA) NA NA NA NA
Trinidad and Tobago NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA X X NA NA NA NAG/L/417 Annex I
Page 6Annex I – Regular notifications pertaining to the 1996 to 1999 years made under the Agreement on Agriculture
(as of 15 November 2000)
MA:1 MA:2 MA:5 DS:1 ES:1 ES:2
Imports under tariff quotas Special safeguard Domestic support Export subsidies Total exports
One off 1996 1997 1998 1999 1996 1997 1998 1999 1996 1997 1998 1999 1996 1997 1998 1999 1996 1997 1998 1999
T u n i s i a X XXX XXX XXX XXX N A N A N A N A
T u r k e y N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A XXXXXXXXXXXX
Uganda NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA X (NA) X (NA) X X X X NA NA NA NA
U n i t e d  A r a b  E m i r a t e s N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A XXXXXXXX N A N A N A N A
U n i t e d  S t a t e s X XXXXXXXXXX XXX XXX
U r u g u a y N A N A N A N A N A XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
V e n e z u e l a X XX XX XX XX XX
Zambia NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA X (NA) X (NA) X X X NA NA NA NA
Zimbabwe NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA X X X X
EXPLANATORY NOTES
Notifications may be submitted according to various bases (calendar,  crop, fiscal years, etc.) as stipulated in G/AG/W/2/Rev.4.   The symbols used in the tables are as follows:
(a) A blank  indicates that the requirement is applicable to the Member con cerned, but that no notification ha s been received up to the cut -off date.
(b) " NA" indicates that the requirement was no t applicable for a given Member during the implementation period considered.
(c) " (NA) " is used in conjunction with the Table DS:1 (Domestic Support) notification requirement in the case of least-developed country  Members.  While all Members are
required to notify on an annual basis, the least-developed country Members may notify every second year.
(d) " X" denotes that a notification has been received and " X*" that the notification has been received but is still under preparation.  Subsequent addenda or corrections to
notifications are not counted as additional notifications.Annex I G/L/417
Page 7Outstanding Notifications For 1995
The following Members are yet to submit the notification of im ports under tariff and other quotas for the 1995 implementation y ear ( Table MA:2 ):
Barbados Nicaragua Tunisia
The following Member is yet to submit the annual notification conc erning the use of the special safeguard provisions in the 199 5 implementation year ( Table
MA:5 ):
Swaziland
The following Members without  Total AMS reduction commitments are yet to submit the releva nt domestic support notification for the 1995 implementation year
( Table DS:1 ):
Antigua and Barbuda Bahrain Barbados Belize Brunei Darussalam Cameroon
Côte d'Ivoire Dominica Gabon Ghana Guyana Jamaica
Kuwait Mauritius Nicaragua Saint Lucia St Vincent & Gren Senegal   
Suriname Swaziland
The following Members without  export subsidy reduction commitments are yet to submit the relevant notification for the 1995 implementation year
( Table ES:1 ):
Antigua and Barbuda Bahrain Bangladesh Belize Brunei Darussalam Burkina Faso
Burundi Cameroon Central African Re p. Côte d'Ivoire Djibouti Gabon
Guinea Bissau Guinea, Rep. of Guyana India Kuwait LesothoMalawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Mozambique Myanmar
Saint Lucia St Vincent & Gren Senegal Sierra Leone Suriname Swaziland
Tanzania Togo Zimbabwe
The following Members are yet to submit notifications  of total exports for the 1995 implementation year ( Table ES:2 ):
ZimbabweG/L/417
Page 8
Annex II
MEMBERS' PARTICIPATION IN THE NORMAL GROWTH OF
WORLD TRADE IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS -
ARTICLE 18.5 OF THE AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE
Note by the Secretariat*
Revision
1. Article 18.5 of the Agreement on Agriculture provides that "Members agree to consult
annually in the Committee on Agriculture with respect to their participation in the normal growth of
world trade in agricultural products within the framework of the commitments on export subsidies
under this Agreement."  According to the Committee' s Working Procedures these consultations are to
be undertaken at the November meetings of the Committee (G/AG/1, paragraph 17).
2. The present note updates and extends the information provided by the Secretariat for the
purposes of the Article 18.5 consultations in November 1999 (G/AG/W/32/Rev.2).  The attached
tables contain, for selected products/product groups and Members, data on the development of export
volumes (including food aid) and shares in world exports between the base period (1986-90) and the
most recent year for which data were available.  In addition, the attached charts show, for the
products/product groups concerned, the world market shares of the leading exporters.  In response to asuggestion made at the November 1998 meeting of the Committee, the Annex tables to this note also
provide import data (including food aid) for select ed products (wheat/wheat flour, coarse grains and
sugar) and the respective leading importers among Members.
3. On the export side, the following products/product groups are covered by this note:
(i) wheat/wheat flour
(ii) coarse grains
(iii) rice
(iv) sugar
(v) skim milk powder
(vi) butter and butter oil(vii) cheese
(viii) whole milk powder
1
(ix) bovine meat(x) pigmeat
(xi) poultry meat
(xii) oilseeds
(xiii) fruit and vegetables
2.
4. Table 1 shows the aggregate export values of the product categories listed in paragraph 3
above in the period 1986 to 1998 ("selected" agricultural products).  In addition, aggregate export
values are shown for agricultural products other than the selected products ("other" agricultural
products).  The basket of "other" agricultural products includes basic agricultural products, such as
                                                     
1 Whole milk powder is, in terms of world trade, the main product within the product group "other milk
products" in respect of which a number of Members have export subsidy reduction commitments.
2 The product coverage in this third revision of G/AG/W/32 has been further extended by including
fruit and vegetables.
*(G/AG/W/32/Rev.3, dated 23 October 2000.)Annex II G/L/417
Page 9
cocoa or wool, but also many processed products, such as cereal preparations or wine.  These "other"
agricultural products account for more than half of world exports of agricultural products and this
share has been rising since 1986-90.
World exports of agricultural products, 1986-1998 (billion US dollars)
Average
1986-901991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
A – World exports of
agricultural products190.8 213.4 229.7 227.2 262. 7 304.7 323.4 323.9 305.5
B – World exports of selected
agricultural products88.3 100.3 109.2 105.2 115.3 134.8 146.5 141.0 133.7
C – World exports of "other"
agricultural products
(A – B =  C)102.5 113.1 120.5 122 147.4 169.9 176.9 182.9 171.8
C as a percentage of A 53.7 53.0 52.5 53.7 56.1 55.8 54.7 56.5 56.2
Notes:
(1) Data are net of intra-EC trade.  EC data are for the EC (15) as from 1986.
(2) "Selected agricultural products" include cereals, sugar, butter/butter oil, skim milk powder, whole milk powder,
cheese, bovine meat, pigmeat, poultry meat, oilseeds, and fruit and vegetables.
Source:   FAO (1999), "FAOSTAT Statistics Database" from the Internet.
Technical Notes
"Selected" product groups
5. The market shares of the selected product groups presented are based on export volumes,
except for fruit and vegetables.   The shares of fruit and vegetables are based on export values.
6. Three categories of Members are distinguished in the tables:
(i) WTO Members with export subsidy reduction commitments,
(ii) "significant exporters", and
(iii) others.
7. Each table includes all Members which have, ac cording to their Schedules, export subsidy
reduction commitments with respect to the selected  product/product group concerned.  In the case of
Hungary, export subsidy commitments pursuant to the waiver decision are also taken into account(WT/L/238 refers).  As a result Hungary is also included in the tables for skim milk powder, butter/
butter oil and whole milk powder.  In addition, those Members are included which are identified in the
list of "significant exporters" for the purpose of the Committee's notification requirements on export
subsidy commitments (G/AG/2/Add.1 refers).  Furthermore, in order to provide a more
comprehensive picture of the development of shares in world exports, in a few cases it was considereduseful to include selected other WTO Members and non-Members, in particular those which have
emerged as major exporters during the period covered.  For each product/product group, countries are
ranked in descending order based on their exports in the most recent year.G/L/417 Annex II
Page 10
8. The product definition of the statistical data presented in this note does not necessarily match
the product definitions used for the purpose of export subsidy reduction commitments.  This point
should be borne in mind, in particular when comparing the statistical data with commitment levels,
subsidized exports or total exports as notified pursuant to Table ES:2 of document G/AG/2.  For
example, although corn exports are, by definition, included in the total for coarse grain exports, the
United States' export subsidy reduction commitment for coarse grains does not cover corn.  Memberswith reduction commitments on the basis of aggregate product groups are included in the tables of
each individual product/product group covered by the commitment.  For example, Switzerland has an
export subsidy reduction commitment for dairy products (excluding butter) and is therefore included
in the tables for skim milk powder and cheese but not in the table for butter.  Members with an
agriculture-wide commitment (Costa Rica, New Zealand and Panama) are only included in the tables
relating to products/product groups where they have "significant exporter" status.
"Other" agricultural products9. The world market shares in "other" agricultural products of selected exporters are presented in
Table 14(a).  For reasons of data availability, the exporters represent the leading countries in terms of
total agricultural exports, not necessarily of exports of "other" agricultural products.  The selected
exporters cover fifteen Members plus China and Chinese Taipei.
Data10. The data provided in this note are sourced from  FAO, the International Grains Council (IGC)
and the International Sugar Organization (ISO).  Other sources may produce different results in terms
of absolute volumes and values as well as year-to-year changes of shares in world export
volumes/values.  This may be due to a variety of reasons, including differences with respect to
product definition, reporting period (e.g. calendar year versus marketing year), conversion factors orthe revision of data.
11. The time period covered is 1986, the first year of the base period for export subsidy reduction
commitments, until the most recent year for which data are available from the sources used.  In
particular, FAO data are currently available only up to 1998.  For reasons of consistency, more recent
data available from other sources were  not used to complement FAO data.
12. The trade data of the EC as well as the aggregate exports/imports (referred to as "world totals"
in the tables) exclude intra-EC trade.  It should be  noted that the FAO data for the EC refer to the EC
(15) as from 1986.  The International Grains Council provides data for the EC (15) as from 1994/95
and the International Sugar Organization as from 1995.
13. The country-specific and commodity-specific explanatory notes which are contained in the
sources are not reproduced in this note.  The symbol " – " has been used in the tables to denote not
available or not applicable.Annex II G/L/417
Page 11Table 1(a) - Share of selected countries in world export volume of wheat and wheat flour (per cent)
Average
1986/87-1990/911991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00
(estimate)
United States       36.0        32.5         35.3         35.6         35.3        34.8        26.8        28.2        29.9        27.5
Canada         20.0        22.6         20.5         19.6         23.1        17.6        18.1        21.2        14.5        17.4
Australia         12.6          7.7            9.1         13.8            8.6        12.6        18.1        15.1        16.7        15. 9
EC         19.3        19.7         21.6         20.7         17.5        12.7        17.2        13.2        14.2        14.6
Argentina           4.6         5.3            7.0            4.9            8.6          4.6        10.4          9.7          9.2        10.1
Turkey           0.8          5.9            1.9            1.3            1.8          0.9          0.8          1.3          2.7          1.4
Romania           0.1          0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0          1.8          0.1          0.7          0.4          0.7
Hungary           1.4          1.5            0.5            0.1            1.2          2.5          0.8          1.6          1.8          0.5
Czech Republic - - -            0.2            0.0          1.2          0.2          0.0          0.2 -
Mexico           0.1          0.0            0.0            0.0            0.1          0.5          0.1          0.4          0.2 -
Bulgaria           0.2          0.0            0.3            0.0            0.4          0.9          0.0          0.3 - -
Slovak Republic - - -            0.1            0.0          0.7          0.0          0.0          0.1 -
S o u t h  A f r i c a - ---------
Switzerland            0.0          0.0            0.0            0.0            0.0             -             -             -             - -
Rest of world           5.2          4.9            4.1            4.0            3.9          9.1          7.5          8.3        10.2        12.0
World export
volume         100        100          100          100          100         100         100         100         100         100
Total of top five
exporters (US,Canada, Australia,EC, Argentina)92.5 87.7 93.5 94.6 93.1        82.4        90.4        87.3        84.5        85.4
Source:  Table 1(b).G/L/417 Annex II
Page 12
Chart 1 - Share in world expor t volume of wheat and wheat flour, 1986-2000 (per cent):
Top five exporters in 1999/2000
0481216202428323640
Average
1986/87-
1990/911991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/2000
(estimate)United States Canada Australia EC  ArgentinaAnnex II G/L/417
Page 13Table 1(b) - Export volume of wheat and wheat flour (thousand metric tonnes)
Average
1986/87-1990/911991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00
(estimate)Basis for Inclusion
United States 34,684 35,061 37,148 32,941 32,417 33,382 26,522 27,960 28,900 29,300 Reduction commitment
Canada 19,229 24,378 21,609 18,169 21,279 16,915 17,906 21,038 14,000 18,500 Reduction commitment
Australia 12,174 8,283 9,526 12,771 7,900 12,105 17,945 14,983 16,100 16,900 Significant exporter
EC 18,589 21,278 22,746 19,124 16,098 12,190 17,005 13,050 13,700 15,500 Reduction commitment
Argentina 4,463 5,734 7,322 4,500 7,869 4,444 10,280 9,573 8,900 10,700 Other
Turkey 730 6,373 2,031 1,163 1,666 881 783 1,270 2,600 1,500 Reduction commitment
Romania 124 10 0 0 0 1,707 109 689 400 700 Reduction commitment
Hungary 1,322 1,602 500 131 1,079 2,352 773 1,573 1,700 500 Reduction commitment
Czech Re public - - - 196 41 1,132 191 29 172  - Reduction commitment
Mexico 85 0 0 2 97 451 109 417 154  - Reduction commitment
Bulgaria 215 25 300 11 339 895 20 330 - - Reduction commitment
Slovak Republic - - - 84 35 696 39 36 120  - Reduction commitment
S o u t h  A f r i c a - --------- Reduction commitment
Switzerland 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0  - Reduction commitment
Rest of world 5,057 5,283 4,349 3,707 3,614 8,774 7,453 8,231 9,854 12,800 Reduction commitment
World Total 96,373 108,002 105,231 92,506 91,922 95,924 99,135 99,179 96,600 106,400
Notes:
(1) Volumes are in wheat equivalent;  International Grains Council (IGC) data include wheat, wheat flour and durum (grain and se molina);  FAO data include wheat and flour.
(2) Data for the Czech Re public, Mexico, the Slovak Republic and Switzerland are from FAO;  data for all other countries and world totals (incl. CIS int ra-trade) are from IGC.
(3) From 1989/90, IGC reports exports of flour from South Africa under processed secondary trade.
(4) IGC data are for July/June years.  FAO data are on a calendar year basis, with 1986 data accorded to 1986/87, 1987 to 1987/8 8 and so forth.
(5) For further comments see cover note, particularly paragraphs 12 and 13.
Sources:
(1) FAO (1999), "FAOSTAT Statistics Database" from the Internet.
(2) International Grains Council, "Wor ld Grain Statistics", various issues.
(3) International Grains Council (28 September 2000), "Grain Market Report".G/L/417 Annex II
Page 14Table 2(a) - Share of selected countries in wo rld export volume of coarse grains (per cent)
Average
1986/87-1990/911991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00
(estimate)
United States       61.2       54.9       59.9       48.7       63.4       72.5       56.5       52.1       55.0       51.9
EC          9.9          9.2       10.5       10.5          8.6          4.1          9.3          4.7          9.5       12.4
Argentina          5.4          7.5          7.2          6.4          6.5          6.8       12.3       15.2       11.4          8.3
Australia          2.9          2.5          3.3          5.6          2.5          4.0          4.7          3.4          5.0          3.7
Canada          5.9          5.2          3.8          6.9          5.2          4.7          5.7          4.3          3.4          3.6
South Africa       1.9 0.5 0.0 2.0 3.7          0.6          3.2          1.9          1.4          0.6
Hungary       0.2 2.7 0.4 0.0 0.6          0.6          0.5          2.3          1.8 -
Turkey       0.1 1.3 0.7 0.8 1.1          0.0          0.2          1.0          1.4 -
Romania       0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0          0.2          0.4          0.4          0.5 -
Slovak Republic - - - 0.2 0.2          0.2          0.0          0.1          0.4 -
Mexico       0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0          0.1          0.1          0.2          0.2 -
Venezuela       0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0          0.1          0.1          0.0          0.1 -
Czech Republic - - - 0.1 0.0          0.1          0.0          0.0          0.1 -
Brazil 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0          0.0          0.4          0.4          0.0 -
Rest of world     12.2 16.3 14.1 18.7 8.0          5.8          6.5       14.0          9.9       19.6
World export
volume100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Total of top five
exporters (US, EC,Argentina, Canada,Australia)85.3 79.2 84.7 78.0 86.2       92.2       88.5       79.7       84.4       79.8
Source:  Table 2(b).Annex II G/L/417
Page 15Chart 2 - Share in world export volume of coarse grains, 1986-2000 (per cent):
Top five exporters in 1999/2000
01020304050607080
Average
1986/87-
1990/911991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/2000
(estimate)United States EC  Argentina Australia CanadaG/L/417 Annex II
Page 16Table 2(b) - Export volume of coarse grains (thousand metric tonnes)
Average
1986/87-
1990/911991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00
(estimate)Basis for Inclusion
United States 54,992 50,894 53,159 39,610 57,355 66,376 52,282 44,500 52,500 54,100 Reduction commitment
EC 8,914 8,493 9,343 8,508 7,820 3,793 8,564 4,000 9,100 12,900 Reduction commitment
Argentina 4,867 6,924 6,348 5,210 5,871 6,246 11,412 13,000 10,900 8,600 Significant exporter
Australia 2,634 2,339 2,959 4,590 2,242 3,682 4,354 2,900 4,800 3,900 Other
Canada 5,282 4,781 3,345 5,578 4,735 4,290 5,262 3,700 3,200 3,700 Reduction commitment
South Africa 1,701 481 13 1,665 3,389 546 2,997 1,600 1,300 600 Reduction commitment
Hungary 135 2,491 390 18 552 574 489 1,984 1,720 - Reduction commitment
Turkey 113 1,184 591 650 971 6 230 829 1,300 - Reduction commitment
Romania        230             1             8             3             7 206 357 345 436 - Reduction commitment
Slovak Republic - - - 169 171 178 8 60 341 - Reduction commitment
Mexico 6 57 19 48 36 83 79 132 231 - Reduction commitment
Venezuela 1             1           22           50           44 123 49 10 84 - Reduction commitment
Czech Re public - - - 49 43 122 8 11 57 - Reduction commitment
Brazil             0             0             1             4             5 12 352 358 24 - Reduction commitment
Rest of world 10,961 15,106 12,551 15,214 7,251 5,330 6,057 11,971 9,407 20,400
World Total 89,836 92,752 88,748 81,366 90,492 91,567 92,500 85,400 95,400 104,200
Notes:
(1) Volumes include:  barley, maize, sorghum, oats, rye, millet, triticale and mixed grains.
(2) Data for Brazil, the Czech Re public, Mexico, Romania, the Slovak Republic and Venezuela are from FAO; data for all other countries and world totals (incl. C IS intra-trade) are
                from IGC.
(3) IGC data are for July/June years.  FAO data are on a calendar year basis, with 1986 data accorded to 1986/87, 1987 to 1987/8 8 and so forth.
(4) For further comments see cover note, particularly paragraphs 12 and 13.
Sources:
(1) FAO (1999), "FAOSTAT Statistics Database" from the Internet.
(2) International Grains Council , "Wor ld Grain Statistics", various issues.
(3)    International Grains Council (28 September 2000), "Grain Market Report".Annex II G/L/417
Page 17Table 3(a) - Share of selected countries in  world export volume of rice (per cent)
Average
1986 – 19901991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Thailand 39.2 35.1 33.9 31. 5 28.6 28.6 28.2 28.1 23.1
India 3.1 5.5 3.8 4.8 5.2 22.7 13.0 10.8 17.4
Vietnam 5.4 8.4 12.8 10.9 11.7 9.2 18.1 18.0 13.8
China and Chinese
Taipei6.4 6.6 6.8 9.5 9.6 1.1 1.8 5.1 13.8
United States 20.2 18.2 14.3 16.9 16.6 14.3 13.6 11.6 11.3
Pakistan 8.6 9.8 10.0 6.5 5.8 8.6 8.3 8.9 7.2
Uruguay 2.1 2.2 2.2 3.2 2.4 2.1 3.1 3.3 2.4
EC (15) 2.8 3.5 2.8 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.2
Venezuela 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3
Czech Republic - - - 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0
Indonesia 0.4 0.0 0.3 2.2 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak Republic - - - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Romania - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Colombia 0.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rest of world 11.6 10.0 12.8 12.7 17.2 11.6 11.9 11.9 9.6
World export volume         100         100         100         100         100         100         100         100         100
Total of top four
exporters in 1986-90(Thailand, US, Pakistan,China and Chinese
Taipei)       74.4        69.7        64.9        64.4        60.6        52.5        51.9        53.7        55.2
Source:   Table 3(b).G/L/417 Annex II
Page 18
Chart 3 - Share in world export volume of rice, 1986-98 (per cent):
Top five exporters in 1998
010203040
Average
1986-901991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998Thailand India Vietnam China and Chinese Taipei United StatesAnnex II G/L/417
Page 19Table 3(b) - Export volume of rice (thousand metric tonnes)
Average
1986 - 19901991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Basis for Inclusion
Thailand       4,912       4,333       5,151       4,989       4,859       6,198       5,454       5,567       6,356 Significant exporter
India         384         678         580         768         891       4,913       2,512       2,134       4,800 Other
Vietnam         678       1,033       1,946       1,722       1,983       1,988       3,500       3,575       3,800 Other
China and
Chinese Taipei        795         818       1,034       1,507       1,630         236         357       1,010       3,792 Other
United States       2,532       2,243       2,164       2,680       2,822       3,084       2,640       2,296       3,113 Reduction commitment
Pakistan       1,079       1,205       1,512       1,032         984       1,852       1,601       1,767       1,972 Significant exporter
Uruguay         265         270         328         505         408         462         603         649         659 Reduction commitment
EC (15)         353         434         433         187         250         300         302         367         322 Reduction commitment
Venezuela             1             0           54           78           70           77           51           73           81 Reductio n commitment
Czech Republic            -            -            -             4             7           17           16           13           16 Reduction commitment
Indonesia           55             1           42         351         169             0             0             0             2 Reducti on commitment
Slovak Republic            -            -            -             0             0             1             5             6             2 Reduction commitment
Romania            -             0             1             1             0             2             3             0             1 Redu ction commitment
Colombia           18           85             0             4             2             0             0             0             0 Reduction commitment
Rest of world       1,448       1,236       1,941       2,014       2,917       2,507       2,309       2,362       2,654
World Total     12,519     12,336     15,187     15,842     16,992     21,638     19,353     19,819     27,570
Notes:
(1) Includes paddy, husked, milled and broken rice.
(2) For further comments see cover note, particularly paragraphs 12 and 13.
Source:    FAO (1999), "FAOSTAT St atistics Database" from the Internet .G/L/417 Annex II
Page 20Table 4(a) - Share of selected countries in world export volume of sugar (per cent)
Average
1986 – 19901991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Brazil 6.7 5.9 7.1 10.3 12.0 18.5 15.0 18.0 23.3
EC 18.1 17.8 15.6 19.9 17.0 15.9 11.9 14.1 17.1
Australia 10.6 9.0 9.1 11.8 15.0 13.5 12.1 12.2 12.6
Cuba 24.7 24.8 19.1 12.5 10.6 7.6 10.8 9.8 6.9
Thailand 8.4 10.5 11.7 8.2 9.1 11.4 13.0 11.8 6.6
South Africa 3.3 3.3 0.8 0.2 1.1 1.1 2.7 2.7 2.9
Mexico 1.5 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.7 2.0 2.2 2.7
Colombia 0.9 1.1 1.6 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.1
Mauritius 2.4 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.7
Poland 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.0 0.5 1.6 1.0
Fiji 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.4 0.9 0.7
Jamaica 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5
Hungary 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.4
Czech Republic - - - 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.2
Slovak Republic - - - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2
Romania 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rest of world         20.2 21.6 30.3 30.3 27.6 25.0 25.9 21.6 21.3
World export volume 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Total of top five
exporters 1986-90
(Cuba, EC Australia,Thailand, Brazil)68.5 68.0 62.6 62.7 63.7 66.9 62.8 65.9 66.5
Source:   Table 4(b).Annex II G/L/417
Page 21Chart 4 - Share in world export volume of sugar, 1986-98 (per cent):
Top five exporters in 1998
0510152025
Average
1986-901991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Brazil EC Australia Cuba ThailandG/L/417 Annex II
Page 22Table 4(b) - Export volume of sugar (thousand metric tonnes)
Average
1986 – 19901991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Basis for Inclusion
Brazil 1,854 1,613 2,273 3,008 3,616 6,299 5, 309 6,586 8,675 Reduction commitment
EC 5,031 4,862 4,983 5,832 5,097 5,414 4,209 5,152 6,357 Reduction commitment
Australia 2,947 2,456 2,907 3,445 4,506 4,594 4,288 4,462 4,691 Significant exporter
Cuba 6,892 6,767 6,085 3,662 3,188 2,603 3, 830 3,582 2,569 Significant exporter
Thailand 2,337 2,863 3,719 2,401 2,720 3,887 4,628 4,317 2,444 Significant exporter
South Africa 929 897 255 52 318 390 972 984 1,087 Reduction commitment
Mexico 418 253 7 0 96 255 696 797 1,022 Reduction commitment
Colombia 258 293 515 658 724 862 826 888 774 Reduction commitment
Mauritius           667 584 633 575 552 555 641 603         635 Other
Poland           220 230 151 122 200 5 174 569         369 Reduction commitment
Fiji           396 370 387 410 475 438 488 311          243 Other
Jamaica           144 154 142 153 152 145 181 171          168 Other
Hungary 34 22 144 0 1 49 12 45 133 Reduction commitment
Czech Republic - - - 99 95 52 33 145 89 Reduction commitment
Slovak Republic - - - 0 0 1 2 20 60 Reduction commitment
R o m a n i a 1 0 8 00500112 R e d u c t i o n  c o m m i t m e n t
Rest of world        5,615       5,898      9,649      8,886       8,270       8,529       9,202       7,879       7,945
World Total 27,849 27,262 31,850 29,308 30,010 34,078 35,492 36,512 37,263
Notes:
(1) Centrifugal sugar in terms of raw sugar.
(2) For further comments see cover note, particularly paragraphs 12 and 13.
Source:   International Sugar Organization, "Sugar Yearbook", several issues.Annex II G/L/417
Page 23 Table 5(a) - Share of selected countries in wo rld export volume of skim milk powder (per cent)
Average
1986 - 19901991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Australia 6.8 13.2 10.1 12.7 17.4 15.0 20.7 17.0 21.5
EC (15) 41.5 32.7 38.9 33.7 17.5 31.7 23.7 26.1 18.0
New Zealand 13.5 17.1 13.2 10.3 14.0 11.7 13.3 16.9 17.0
Poland 4.6 6.1 11.7 13.4 11.7 8.3 8.0 10.4 10.3
United States 17.7 5.0 7.2 8.1 5.2 5.0 1.9 5.8 7.5
Canada 5.2 4.1 2.8 1.8 3.5 3.7 3.7 2.8 3.5
Czech Republic - - - 7.3 6.1 4.5 4.5 2.7 2.8
Slovak Republic - - - 1.3 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.7
Hungary 0.3 1.8 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.3
Switzerland 0.5 1.2 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.3
South Africa 0.3 1.2 0.3 1.0 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2
Turkey 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rest of world 9.6 17.6 14.8 9.5 22.7 18.4 22.4 17.4 17.9
World export volume 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Total of top four
exporters 1986-90(EC, US, NewZealand, Australia)79.6 68.0 69.3 64.7 54.0 63.4 59.7 65.8 63.9
Source:   Table 5(b).G/L/417 Annex II
Page 24
Chart 5 - Share in world export volume of skim milk powder, 1986-98 (per cent):
Top five exporters in 1998
051015202530354045
Average
1986-901991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998Australia EC (15) New Zealand Poland United StatesAnnex II G/L/417
Page 25Table 5(b) - Export volume of skim milk powder (thousand metric tonnes)
Average
1986 - 19901991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Basis for Inclusion
Australia           76         115         105         119         167         177         198         183         210 Reduction commitment
EC (15)         463         285         406         316         167         375         227         282         175 Reduction commitment
New Zealand         151         149         138           96         134         138         127         183         166 Significant exporter
Poland           51           53         122         126         112           98           77         112         101 Reduction commitment
United States         198           44           75           76           49           60           19           62           73 Reduction commitment
Canada           58           36           30           17           34           44           35           30           34 Reduction commitment
Czech Republic            -            -            -           69           58           54           44           29           27 Reduction commitment
Slovak Republic            -            -            -           12             8             8             6             4             7 Reduction commitment
Hungary             4           16             3             2             3             3             0             0             3 Reduction commitment
Switzerland             5           10             7             7             0             6             8             5             3 Reduction commitment
South Africa             3           10             3             9             7             3             2             1             2 Reduction commitment
Turkey             0             0             0             0             0             0             0             0             0 Reduction commitment
Rest of world         107         153         154           90         218         218         214         188         174
World total       1,116         871 1,043         938         958      1,184         956      1,080         975
Notes:
(1) The product is referred to as dry skim cow milk in the FAOSTAT database.
(2) For further comments see cover note, particularly paragraphs 12 and 13.
Source: FAO (1999), "FAOSTAT Statistics Database" from the Internet.G/L/417 Annex II
Page 26 Table 6(a) - Share of selected countries in world export volume of butter and butter oil (per cent)
Average
1986 - 19901991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
New Zealand 25.9 22.7 26.1 26.0 33.0 29.2 31.7 36.4 39.5
EC (15) 54.8 49.5 31.3 25.3 23.5 26.7 25.4 25.2 20.9
Australia 4.6 6.5 6.3 8.2 11.0 10.2 11.2 13.4 12.5
Czech Republic - - - 3.9 2.6 3.3 3.6 2.6 3.1
Canada 0.2 1.6 1.2 0.7 0.3 0.8 2.0 1.3 1.5
Uruguay 1.1 0.6 0.2 0.4 1.2 0.7 1.3 1.9 1.5
United States 3.3 4.1 11.8 14.2 10.2 4.8 2.8 1.8 1.1
Hungary 0.5 1.5 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.4
South Africa 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.3
Norway 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.2
Slovak Republic - - - 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2
Turkey 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0
Romania 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rest of world7.4 12.2        21.5        19.2        17.6        23.1        21.1        16.7        18.8
World export volume 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Total of top four
exporters 1986-90(EC, New Zealand,Australia, US)88.6 82.9 75.6 73.6 77.6 70.9 71.2 76.8 74.0
Source:   Table 6(b).Annex II G/L/417
Page 27Chart 6 - Share in world export volume of butter and butter oil, 1986-98 (per cent):
Top four exporters in 1998
0510152025303540455055
Average
1986-901991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998New Zealand EC (15) Australia Czech RepublicG/L/417 Annex II
Page 28Table 6(b) - Export volume of butter and butter oil (thousand metric tonnes)
Average
1986 - 19901991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Basis for Inclusion
New Zealand         219         176         213         221         256         234         238         315         316 Significant expor ter
EC (15)         465         384         255         215         183         214         191         218         167 Reduction commitment
Australia           39           51           51           70           86           82           84         116         100 Reduction co mmitment
Czech Republic            -            -            -           33           20           26           27           22           25 Reduc tion commitment
Canada             2           12           10             6             2             6           15           12           12 Reduction  commitment
Uruguay             9             5             1             3           10             6           10           16           12 Reducti on commitment
United States           28           32           96         121           79           38           21           16             9 Reduct ion commitment
Hungary             4           12             4             4             1             3             1             0             3 Redu ction commitment
South Africa             1             2             2             4             2             1             3             2             3 Reduction commitment
Norway             8             7             6             8             3             4             2             3             2 Redu ction commitment
Slovak Republic            -            -            -             2             0             0             1             1             1 Reduction commitment
Turkey             0             0             0             0             0             0             0             0             0 Redu ction commitment
Romania           10             0             0             0             0             0             0             0             0 Redu ction commitment
Rest of world          63           95         175         164         137         185         158         145         150
World Total        849         776         814         851         778         801         750         867         800
Notes:
(1) Includes butter, butter oil (anhydrous butterfat) and ghee.
(2) For further comments see cover note, particularly paragraphs 12 and 13.
Source:    FAO (1999), "FAOSTAT Statistics Database" from the Internet.Annex II G/L/417
Page 29 Table 7(a) - Share of selected countries in world export volume of cheese (per cent)
Average
1986 - 19901991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
EC (15) 53.7 54.5 51.2 52.6 48.7 47.3 45.7 40.6 36.0
New Zealand 12.2 12.1 12.7 12.9 13.8 15.6 15.3 18.9 19.0
Australia 8.0 7.5 8.2 9.2 10.5 10.7 12.0 12.0 14.8
Switzerland 7.8 7.2 7.6 6.4 6.0 5.9 5.1 4.9 4.6
United States 2.1 1.6 2.1 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.3
Canada 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.0 0.9 1.3 1.4 1.9 2.4
Norway 2.8 2.7 3.2 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.2
Czech Republic - -            - 1.7 1.6 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.6
Hungary 1.6 2.2 1.4 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1
Slovak Republic -            -            - 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.6
Bulgaria 2.8 2.8 2.6 1.4 1.6 1.0 0.5 0.6 0.4
Turkey 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4
Cyprus 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
South Africa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Romania 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0
Rest of world 6.2 7.4 9.1 7.6 9.5 9.2 10.7 12.0 13.3
World export volume 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Total of top four
exporters 1986-90
(EC, New Zealand,
Australia, Switzerland)81.6 81.3 79.7 81.0 79.0 79.5 78.1 76.3 74.4
Source:   Table 7(b).G/L/417 Annex II
Page 30
Chart 7 - Share in world export volume of cheese, 1986-98 (per cent):
Top four exporters in 1998
0510152025303540455055
Average
1986-901991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998EC (15) New Zealand Australia SwitzerlandAnnex II G/L/417
Page 31Table 7(b) - Export volume of cheese (thousand metric tonnes)
Average
1986 - 19901991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Basis for Inclusion
EC (15)         426         464         434         495         485         512         514         508         443 Reduction commitment
New Zealand           97         103         107         121         138         169         173         236         233 Significant expo rter
Australia           63           64           69           86         105         116         135         150         182 Reduction commi tment
Switzerland           62           61           65           60           59           64           57           61           56 Reductio n commitment
United States           17           14           17           19           25           32           36           40           41 Reduct ion commitment
Canada           10           12           11             9             9           14           15           23           29 Reduction c ommitment
Norway           23           23           27           22           22           23           23           24           27 Reduction com mitment
Czech Republic            -            -            -           16           16           12           14           18           20 Reduc tion commitment
Hungary           13           18           12           12           10           12           13           12           13 Reduction co mmitment
Slovak Republic            -            -            -             8             9           10           11           10             7 R eduction commitment
Bulgaria           22           24           22           13           16           11             6             7             5 Reductio n commitment
Turkey             3             2             2             3             4             5             4             6             4 Redu ction commitment
Cyprus             1             1             1             2             2             2             2             3             3 Redu ction commitment
South Africa             0             0             0             0             0             1             1             2             1 Reduction commitment
Romania             7             1             2             2             1             1             0             1             0 Red uction commitment
Rest of world           49           63           77           72           95           99         121         150         163
World total         794         852         847         941         996       1,083       1,126       1,251       1,229
Notes:
(1) Includes cheese, whey cheese and processed cheese.
(2) For further comments see cover note, particularly paragraphs 12 and 13.
Source: FAO (1999), "FAOSTAT Statistics Database" from the Internet.G/L/417 Annex II
Page 32 Table 8(a) - Share of selected countries in worl d export volume of whole milk powder (per cent)
Average
1986 - 19901991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
EC (15) 66.8 62.5 55.1 54.0 47.8 46.2 46.9 43.8 42.4
New Zealand 18.1 23.1 24.7 24.5 25.0 24.7 24.3 26.7 25.7
Australia 6.5 5.9 6.2 6.6 6.7 8.2 9.6 10.0 10.6
United States 1.8 0.9 2.7 3.5 2.4 5.0 1.5 3.7 3.7
Czech Republic - - - 1.7 1.8 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.4
South Africa 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.6
Canada 1.1 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.3
Poland 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
Slovak Republic - - - 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2
Brazil 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.1
Hungary 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0
Switzerland 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkey 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cyprus 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rest of world 5.2 6.3 9.0 7.8 14.5 13.1 13.8 12.7 14.7
World export volume 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Total of top four
exporters in 1986-90(EC, New Zealand,Australia, US)93.2 92.4 88.7 88.6 81.9 84.2 82.4 84.3 82.3
Source:  Table 8(b).Annex II G/L/417
Page 33Chart 8 - Share in world export volume of whole milk powder, 1986-98 (per cent):
Top four exporters in 1998
010203040506070
Average
1986-901991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998EC (15) New Zealand Australia United StatesG/L/417 Annex II
Page 34Table 8(b) - Export volume of whole milk powder (thousand metric tonnes)
Average
1986 - 19901991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Basis for Inclusion
EC (15)         584         623         576         578         587         595         538         569         589 Reduction commitment
New Zealand         158         231         259         262         306         318         278         347         358 Significant expor ter
Australia           57           59           65           71           82         105         110         130         147 Reduction comm itment
United States           16             9           28           38           29           65           18           49           51 Reduc tion commitment
Czech Republic            -            -            -           18           22           18           19           16           20 Reduc tion commitment
South Africa             1             5             3             4             8             9             9             8             8 Reduction commitment
Canada             9             5             7             6             7             3             6             9             5 Redu ction commitment
Poland             0             0             8             2             5             4             4             4             4 Redu ction commitment
Slovak Republic            -            -            -             1             0             0             0             1             3 Reduction commitment
Brazil             0             0             1             4             0             0             5             1             1 Redu ction commitment
Hungary             3             4             4             2             1             1             1             0             1 Red uction commitment
Switzerland             0             0             0             0             0             0             0             0             0 Reduction commitment
Turkey             0             0             0             0             0             0             0             0             0 Redu ction commitment
Cyprus             0             0             0             0             0             0             0             0             0 Redu ction commitment
Rest of world           45           63           95           84         178         169         158         165         205
World total         873         997      1,046      1,070      1,227      1,288      1,146      1,299      1,391
Notes:
(1) The product is referred to as dry whole cow milk in the FAOSTAT database.
(2)  For further comments see cover note, particularly paragraphs 12 and 13.
Source:   FAO (1999), "FAOSTAT Statistics Database" from the Internet.Annex II G/L/417
Page 35 Table 9(a) - Share of selected countries in world export volume of bovine meat (per cent)
Average
1986 - 19901991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Australia        19.8        20.9        20.7        22.2        21.0        20.5        19.4        19.6        22.1
United States          8.8        10.9        11.5        11.4        13.5        15.0        15.8        15.7        16.8
EC (15)        24.9        27.1        25.3        22.4        20.8        19.3        19.4        17.2        12.8
New Zealand          8.9          8.1          8.2          8.3          8.4          8.2          9.3          8.1          8.9
Canada          2.5          2.2          3.1          3.9          4.3          4.2          5.6          6.1          7.3
Argentina          7.1          6.3          4.4          4.5          6.2          8.6          6.6          6.7          4.6
Brazil          6.4          4.3          6.0          6.4          5.0          3.5          3.6          3.3          4.6
Uruguay          3.4          2.0          2.0          1.7          2.4          2.3          3.5          3.9          3.9
Poland          1.6          0.7          0.5          0.4          0.4          0.5          0.7          0.8          1.7
Czech Republic           -           -           -          0.1          0.1          0.1          0.1          0.2          0.3
Hungary          1.2          1.2          1.1          0.6          0.6          0.4          0.5          0.5          0.2
South Africa          0.1          0.1          0.1          0.1          0.0          0.5          0.6          0.4          0.1
Slovak Republic           -           -           -          0.1          0.1          0.0          0.0          0.0          0.1
Colombia          0.3          0.5          0.2          0.0          0.0          0.1          0.0          0.0          0.1
Bulgaria          0.3          0.0          0.1          0.0          0.0          0.1          0.2          0.1          0.1
Norway          0.1          0.1          0.1          0.1          0.0          0.0          0.0          0.0          0.0
Cyprus          0.0          0.0          0.0          0.0          0.0          0.0          0.0          0.0          0.0
Romania          1.7          0.3          0.3          0.4          0.3          0.1          0.1          0.0          0.0
Turkey          0.0          0.0          0.0          0.0          0.0          0.0          0.0          0.0          0.0
Rest of world        13.1        15.2        16.4        17.4        16.7        16.6        14.7        17.3        16.6
World export volume 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Total of top four
exporters 1986-90(EC, Australia, NewZealand, US)       62.3        67.1        65.7        64.2        63.8        63.0        63.8        60.5        60.6
Source:  Table 9(b).G/L/417 Annex II
Page 36
Chart 9 - Share in world export volume of bovine meat, 1986-98 (per cent):
Top five exporters in 1998
051015202530
Average
1986-901991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998Australia United States EC (15) New Zealand CanadaAnnex II G/L/417
Page 37Table 9(b) - Export volume of bovi ne meat (thousand metric tonnes)
Average
1986 - 19901991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Basis for Inclusion
Australia         761         971      1,011      1,059      1,053      1,043         954      1,103      1,192 Significant exporter
United States         337         505         562         541         676         760         777         883         909 Reduction commi tment
EC (15)         958      1,255      1,232      1,065      1,044         983         955         969         691 Reduction commitment
New Zealand         341         377         398         395         422         415         458         457         480 Significant expor ter
Canada           96         104         152         185         216         212         276         342         394 Other
Argentina         273         290         215         214         311         436         325         380         249 Other
Brazil         245         197         294         303         251         178         177         185         246 Reduction commitment
Uruguay         131           95           98           82         121         116         172         222         209 Other
Poland           63           32           25           18           21           26           36           45           89 Reduction com mitment
Czech Republic            -            -            -             7             4             6             6           13           17 R eduction commitment
Hungary           46           56           53           31           32           22           22           28           12 Reduction co mmitment
South Africa             5             4             3             5             2           26           27           24             5 R eduction commitment
Slovak Republic            -            -            -             2             3             1             2             2             4 Reduction commitment
Colombia           10           25             8             2             1             3             2             1             4 Redu ction commitment
Bulgaria           11             0             5             2             1             3             8             3             3 Red uction commitment
Norway             2             3             6             3             1             1             0             2             2 Redu ction commitment
Cyprus             0             1             0             0             0             0             1             1             1 Redu ction commitment
Romania           65           13           16           17           13             7             3             2             1 Reductio n commitment
Turkey             1             0             1             1             0             0             1             1             0 Redu ction commitment
Rest of world         505         706         798         831         839         842         723         975         895
World total       3,848      4,633      4,877      4,762      5,011      5,078      4,925      5,640      5,403
Notes:
(1) Bovine meat (referred to as "meat, bovine" in the FAOSTAT database) in carcass weight equivalent, including sausages, prepar ations but excluding live
               animals and offal.(2) For further comments see cover note, particularly paragraphs 12 and 13.
Source:   FAO (1999), "FAOSTAT Statistics Database" from the Internet.G/L/417 Annex II
Page 38Table 10(a) - Share of selected countries in world export volume of pigmeat (per cent)
Average
1986 - 19901991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
EC (15)        29.1        30.5        28.0        36.5        40.8        32.4        29.6        31.2        34.7
United States          4.4          6.3        10.6          9.6          9.7        13.3        15.0        16.3        17.3
Canada        15.9        12.7        17.1        14.5        11.8        13.6        13.0        13.8        13.8
Poland          3.0          0.6          0.8          0.7          1.2          3.2          5.0          7.2          5.4
Hungary        11.7        11.6          5.0          3.8          2.9          3.4          5.2          5.2          4.3
Czech Republic           -           -           -          0.9          0.4          0.2          0.2          0.4          0.9
Romania          3.7          2.1          2.8          3.3          3.8          1.5          1.3          2.1          0.3
Cyprus          0.0          0.0          0.0          0.1          0.1          0.1          0.1          0.1          0.1
Bulgaria          4.5          1.2          0.7          0.2          0.3          0.3          0.6          0.5          0.1
Norway          0.3          0.1          0.4          0.1          0.0          0.0          0.0          0.2          0.0
South Africa          0.1          0.1          0.1          0.1          0.1          0.1          0.1          0.1          0.0
Slovak Republic           -           -           -          0.2          0.1          0.0          0.0          0.1          0.0
Rest of world        27.3        35.0        34.5        30.0        28.8        31.9        29.9        22.8        23.1
World export volume         100         100         100         100         100         100         100         100         100
Total of top four
exporters in 1986-90(EC, Canada, Hungary,Bulgaria)       61.2        55.9        50.8        55.0        55.9        49.7        48.4        50.7        52.8
Source: Table 10(b).Annex II G/L/417
Page 39Chart 10 - Share in world export volume of pigmeat, 1986-98 (per cent):
Top four exporters in 1998
051015202530354045
Average
1986-901991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998EC (15) United States Canada PolandG/L/417 Annex II
Page 40Table 10(b) - Export volume of pigmeat (thousand metric tonnes)
Average
1986 - 19901991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Basis for Inclusion
EC (15)         462         576         437         691         945         783         791         860      1,000 Reduction commitment
United States           70         119         165         182         224         322         400         450         499 Reduction comm itment
Canada         253         240         267         275         274         328         347         380         397 Significant exporter
Poland           47           12           13           13           28           77         134         199         155 Reduction commit ment
Hungary         185         219           78           72           67           83         139         143         123 Reduction commitm ent
Czech Republic            -            -            -           17             9             5             5           11           25 Re duction commitment
Romania           59           39           44           63           87           37           35           58             9 Reduction c ommitment
Cyprus             0             0             0             2             2             1             2             2             2 Redu ction commitment
Bulgaria           72           22           10             4             7             6           16           15             1 Reducti on commitment
Norway             5             2             6             3             1             1             1             5             1 Redu ction commitment
South Africa             2             2             2             2             1             1             2             2             1 Reduction commitment
Slovak Republic            -            -            -             3             2             1             1             2             1 Reduction commitment
Rest of world         434         661         537         568         667         772         800         628         666
World total       1,590      1,890      1,559      1,895      2,315      2,418      2,674      2,757      2,880
Notes:
(1)  Pigmeat (referred to as "meat of pig" in the FAOSTAT database) in carcass weight equivalent, including bacon, ham, sausage s, preparations of pigmeat but
       excluding live animals and offal.
(2)  For further comments see cover note, particularly paragraphs 12 and 13.
Source:   FAO (1999), "FAOSTAT Statistics Database" from the Internet.Annex II G/L/417
Page 41 Table 11(a) - Share of selected countries in world export volume of poultry meat (per cent)
Average
1986 - 19901991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
United States        26.3        32.4        34.4        36.1        42.7        45.6        45.1        46.8        43.7
EC (15)        23.3        21.9        20.7        21.3        18.2        18.2        15.5        16.1        16.9
Brazil        15.2        15.3        15.7        17.4        13.9          9.7        10.7          7.2        10.9
Hong Kong, China          2.2          4.7          4.5          5.6          5.7          7.3        10.1          9.9        10.0
Thailand          6.4          8.2          7.8          5.9          5.0          4.3          3.5          3.4          2.8
Hungary        13.0          5.7          3.1          2.6          2.3          2.4          2.3          2.5          2.3
Poland          1.0          0.8          0.9          0.5          0.4          0.4          0.5          0.8          1.0
Bulgaria          1.8          0.6          0.7          0.5          0.3          0.3          0.2          0.2          0.2
South Africa          0.1          0.1          0.1          0.3          0.1          0.0          0.1          0.1          0.1
Turkey          0.1          0.0          0.1          0.0          0.3          0.1          0.1          0.1          0.1
Czech Republic           -           -           -          0.3          0.2          0.1          0.1          0.1          0.1
Romania          1.6          0.1          0.0          0.1          0.1          0.0          0.0          0.0          0.0
Slovak Republic           -           -           -          0.1          0.1          0.1          0.0          0.0          0.0
Cyprus          0.0          0.0          0.0          0.0          0.0          0.0          0.0          0.0          0.0
Norway          0.0          0.0          0.0          0.0          0.0          0.0          0.0          0.0          0.0
Rest of world          9.0        10.3        12.1          9.3        10.6        11.3        11.8        12.8        11.9
World export volume 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Total of top four
exporters in 1986-90(US, EC, Brazil,Hungary)       77.7        75.3        73.9        77.4        77.1        76.0        73.6        72.5        73.8
Source:  Table 11(b).G/L/417 Annex II
Page 42
Chart 11 - Share in world export volume of poultry meat, 1986-98 (per cent):
Top four exporters in 1998
05101520253035404550
Average
1986-901991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998United States EC (15) Brazil Hong Kong, ChinaAnnex II G/L/417
Page 43Table 11(b) - Export volume of poultry meat (thousand metric tonnes )
Average
1986 - 19901991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Basis for Inclusion
United States         434         686         844      1,091      1,540      2,075      2,433      2,615      2,553 Reduction commitment
EC (15)         384         464         508         643         658         827         836         898         988 Reduction commitment
Brazil         250         323         384         526         501         443         575         400         638 Reduction commitment
Hong Kong, China           37           99         111         170         205         334         543         553         584 Other
Thailand         105         173         190         178         182         195         187         191         166 Significant exporter
Hungary         213         122           75           77           82         110         125         141         134 Reduction commitme nt
Poland           17           17           21           15           15           18           28           44           59 Reduction com mitment
Bulgaria           29           13           16           16           10           13           12           12             9 Reduction commitment
South Africa             2             2             3             8             4             2             3             5             9 Reduction commitment
Turkey             2             0             1             1           13             5             6             7             7 Reduc tion commitment
Czech Republic            -            -            -           10             6             6             6             4             4 Reduction commitment
Romania           26             1             1             3             5             1             1             2             1 Redu ction commitment
Slovak Republic            -            -            -             2             3             3             2             1             1 Reduction commitment
Cyprus             0             0             0             0             0             0             0             0             0 Redu ction commitment
Norway             0             0             0             0             0             0             0             0             0 Redu ction commitment
Rest of world         149         217         298         281         383         516         637         717         696
World total       1,647      2,117      2,453      3,021      3,607      4,548      5,395      5,590      5,848
Notes:
(1) Product referred to as "meat of poultry" in FAOSTAT database, in ready-to-cook equivalent.  Includes meat of chicken, ducks , geese, turkey, other birds, foie gras
and excludes live birds.(2)  For further comments see cover note, particularly paragraphs 12 and 13.
Source:   FAO (1999), "FAOSTAT Statistics Database" from the Internet.G/L/417 Annex II
Page 44 Table 12(a) - Share of selected countries in world export volume of oilseeds (per cent)
Average
1986 - 19901991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
United States        57.5        54.3        57.7        55.0        46.9        55.5        57.1        54.3        42.6
Brazil          9.5          6.0        10.4        11.4        13.4          8.1          7.8        16.7        18.2
Canada          8.5          7.7          7.4          9.6        12.5        12.2          8.3          8.9        11.9
Argentina          6.9        14.6        10.0          7.5          8.9          8.4          6.2          1.6          7.2
Paraguay          3.6          3.1          2.4          3.7          3.0          3.0          3.1          3.4          4.2
Australia          0.5          0.6          0.7          0.7          0.8          0.6          1.3          1.4          2.3
EC (15)          0.4          0.2          1.0          1.8          1.0          0.9          1.3          1.4          1.7
Hungary          0.5          0.6          0.6          1.0          0.8          0.8          0.8          0.5          0.4
Romania          0.0          0.0          0.0          0.1          0.0          0.0          0.1          0.1          0.4
Czech Republic           -           -           -          0.1          0.2          0.3          0.4          0.3          0.2
Slovak Republic           -           -           -          0.1          0.1          0.1          0.1          0.2          0.2
Poland          1.5          1.7          0.8          0.1          0.0          0.9          0.1          0.0          0.2
Bulgaria          0.1          0.1          0.3          0.3          0.2          0.4          0.2          0.2          0.1
South Africa          0.1          0.1          0.0          0.1          0.1          0.1          0.2          0.1          0.1
Colombia          0.0          0.0          0.0          0.0          0.0          0.0          0.0          0.0          0.0
Rest of world        10.9        11.0          8.7          8.7        12.1          8.9        13.0        11.0        10.4
World export volume 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Total of top four
exporters in 1986-90(US, Brazil, CanadaArgentina)       82.5        82.6        85.5        83.4        81.6        84.2        79.4        81.5        79.8
Source:  Table 12(b).Annex II G/L/417
Page 45Chart 12 - Share in world export volume of oilseeds, 1986-98 (per cent):
Top four exporters in 1998
051015202530354045505560
Average
1986-901991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998United States Brazil Canada ArgentinaG/L/417 Annex II
Page 46Table 12(b) - Export volume of oilseeds (thousand metric tonnes)
Average
1986 - 19901991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Basis for Inclusion
United States       18,834      18,328      20,755      20,230      18,944      23,847      26,613      27,168      21,753 Significant ex porter
Brazil        3,111        2,026        3,733        4,190        5,404        3,498        3,649        8,340        9,276 Significant e xporter
Canada        2,795        2,608        2,649        3,522        5,044        5,229        3,867        4,440        6,068 Reduction com mitment
Argentina        2,275        4,910        3,591        2,748        3,611        3,595        2,892           786        3,670 Significa nt exporter
Paraguay        1,184        1,054           865        1,369        1,194        1,273        1,460        1,688        2,122 Other
Australia           171           194           242           252           305           274           592           708        1,175 Ot her
EC (15)           126             62           366           654           400           366           607           687           888 Re duction commitment
Hungary           155           218           218           357           319           328           371           259           205 Red uction commitment
Romania               2               4               6             20             17             12             25             47           194 Reduction commitment
Czech Republic             -             -             -             43             96           111           173           133           115 Reduction commitment
Slovak Republic             -             -             -             47             48             47             59             96             87 Reduction commitment
Poland           499           566           280             38               8           371             52               3             86 Reduction commitment
Bulgaria             24             39           106           118             74           152           106             77             62 Reduction commitment
South Africa             24             22             17             22             58             29             91             65             50 Reduction commitment
Colombia               1               7               4               1               1               1               1               0               0 Reduction commitment
Rest of world        3,558        3,699        3,125        3,194        4,905        3,800        6,086        5,509        5,334
World Total      32,757      33,736      35,956      36,804      40,428      42,933      46,645      50,005      51,085
Notes:
(1)  For further comments see cover note, particularly paragraphs 12 and 13.
Source:  FAO (1999), "FAOSTAT Statistics Database" from the Internet.Annex II G/L/417
Page 47 Table 13(a) - Share of selected countries in world export value of fruit and vegetables (per cent)
Average 1986-90 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
United States 14.6 17.3 17.4 18.4 18.0 17.0 17.0 17.6 17.3
EC (15) 10.0 9.9 9.4 10.1 11.3 11.3 11.2 11.6 11.9
Turkey 5.7 5.3 4.5 4.8 5.1 4.9 4.9 5.5 5.3
Brazil 5.0 3.6 4.1 3.6 3.5 3.4 4.0 3.2 3.7
Canada 1.8 1.7 1.7 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.8 3.3
Chile 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.4 3.1 3.2
Costa Rica 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.1
South Africa 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.3 1.9 2.0 1.7 2.1 2.0
Poland 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7
Australia 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.9 1.9 1.6
Philippines 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3
Israel 2.5 2.1 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.2
Colombia 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2
Hungary 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0
Honduras 1.4 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
Czech Re public - - - 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2
Bulgaria 1.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2
Slovak Republic - - - 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2
Cyprus 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2
Switzerland 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2
Venezuela 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Romania 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1
Norway 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rest of world 43.4 43.5 44.2 42.7 42.3 43.4 42.9 41.8 41.6
World export value 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Total of top four exporters in
1986-90 (EC, US, Turkey Brazil)35.3 36.1 35.5 36.9 37.8 36.6 37.1 38.0 38.1
Source:  Table 13(b).G/L/417 Annex II
Page 48
Chart 13 - Share in world export value of fruit and vegetables, 1986-98 (per cent):
Top four exporters in 1998
05101520
Average
1986-901991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
United States EC (15) Turkey BrazilAnnex II G/L/417
Page 49Table 13(b) -  Export value of fruit and vegetables (million US dollars)
Average 1986 –
19901991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Basis for Inclusion
United States         3,774         5,757        6,097         6,374         7,104         7,502         7,741         7,875         7,7 20 Significant exporter
EC (15)         2,576         3,309        3,286         3,514         4,471         4,989         5,107         5,185         5,301 Redu ction commitment
Turkey         1,458         1,749        1,570         1,670         2,003         2,179         2,216         2,468         2,348 Reduc tion commitment
Brazil         1,299         1,201        1,449         1,234         1,367         1,487         1,825         1,427         1,666 Reduc tion commitment
Canada            466            560           598            684            828         1,037         1,140         1,239         1,459 Reduction commitment
Chile            685            987        1,137         1,042         1,171         1,375         1,569         1,388         1,435 Sign ificant exporter
Costa Rica            334            508          606            510            754            942            944            971            928 Significant exporter
South Africa            506            756           846            807            762            901            778            921            901 Reduction commitment
Poland            324            495           600            539            647            710            692            712            779 Reduction commitment
Australia            383            508           563            616            646            656            847            866            719 Reduction commitment
Philippines            399            495           504            600            572            581            630            610            575 Significant exporter
Israel            642            682           576            525            532            693            615            535            540 Reduction commitment
Colombia            276            485           493            482            543            497            506            537            521 Reduction commitment
Hungary            439            551           453            420            539            532            523            463            443 Reduction commitment
Honduras            365            359           325            274            154            158            194            180            196 Significant exporter
Czech Re public                -                -               -            137            138            138            148            137            109 Reduction commitment
Bulgaria            305             47             99            100            147            133            134            112            101 Reduction commitment
Slovak Republic                -              - -               55              77              65              59              49              91 Reduction commitment
Cyprus            126            144           118               99            112            171            142              75              81 Reduction commitment
Switzerland               59              71             77               73              87            105              80              61              69 Reduction commitment
Venezuela               32              50             55               65              53              50              49              59              55 Reduction commitment
Romania            135              48             41               50              62              61              74              78              54 Reduction commitment
Norway                 8              16             19               17              22              17              16              1 5              12 Reduction commitment
Rest of world       11,204       14,482      15,438       14,811       16,733       19,190       19,521       18,680       18,568 Reducti on commitment
World total       25,792       33,259      34,951       34,699       39,523       44,170       45,547       44,643       44,671
Notes:     For further comments see cover note, particularly paragraphs 12 and 13.
Source:   FAO (1999), "FAOSTAT Statistics Database" from the Internet.G/L/417 Annex II
Page 50 Table 14(a) - Share of selected countries in the value of  world exports of "other" agricultural products (per cent)
Average
1986 – 19901991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
EC (15)             17.2 19.6 19.5 20.6 19.9 20.3 20.8 20.6 20.9
United States             16.2 18.5 18.1 17.4 17.1 16.2 15.3 15.6 16.1
Brazil               5.6 4.4 4.2 4.4 5.1 4.6 4.7 5.0 4.6
Malaysia               4.0 3.6 3.8 3.8 4.2 4.6 4.2 3.8 4.3
Canada               2.7 3.2 3.6 4.1 3.2 3.1 3.6 3.7 4.2
Argentina               2.4 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.9 2.7 3.5 3.5
Australia               5.0 4.2 4.6 4.1 3.4 3.5 3.8 4.0 3.5
China and Chinese Taipei               4.9 4.7 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.4
Indonesia               2.6 2.5 2.5 2.7 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 2.8
Hong Kong, China               2.2 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.3 2.0
India               1.7 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.3 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.9
Mexico               1.4            1.3               1.1               1.4               1.3               1.7               1.5               1.7               1.8
Colombia               2.2            1.7               1.6               1.4               1.8               1.6               1.4               1.8               1.7
Thailand               1.4            1.6               1.7               1.7               1.9               2.3               2.2               1.6               1.6
New Zealand               2.3               1.9               1.9               1.8               1.6               1.7               1.7               1.7               1.4
Turkey               1.2               1.4               1.0               1.3               1.1               1.1               1.3               1.2               1.1
Rest of world             27.2             23.9             24.3             23.4             24.9             25.1             25.3             24.9             25.1
World export value
("other"agricultural
products)             100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Total of top four
exporters in 1986-90(EC, US, Brazil,Australia)            44.0 46.7 46.4 46.6 45.6 44.7 44.6 45.2 45.1
Source:  Table 14(b).Annex II G/L/417
Page 51Chart 14 - Share in world export value of "other" agricultural products, 1986-98 (per cent):
Top four exporters in 1998
0510152025
Average
1986-901991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998EC (15) United States Brazil Malaysia Note: Products included are agricultural products other than cereals,
 sugar, butter/butter oil, skim milk powder, whole milk powder, cheese, bovine meat, pigmeat, poultry meat, oilseeds, and fruit and vegetables.G/L/417 Annex II
Page 52Table 14(b) -  Export value of "other" agricultural products (million US dollars)
Average
1986 - 19901991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
EC (15)        17,606        22,168        23,538        25,174        29,402        34,476        36,822        37,606        35,958
United States        16,587        20,894        21,847        21,258        25,154        27,512        27,047        28,505        27, 725
Brazil          5,755          4,997          5,039          5,408          7,564          7,892          8,291          9,186          7,854
Malaysia          4,129          4,110          4,610          4,664          6,206          7,885          7,463          6,985          7,444
Canada          2,718          3,617          4,386          4,955          4,698          5,314          6,401          6,816          7,197
Argentina          2,491          3,308          3,272          3,226          3,861          4,924          4,697          6,323          5,976
Australia          5,173          4,729          5,561          4,973          5,074          5,983          6,789          7,396          5,970
China and Chinese Taipei          4,975          5,286          5,315          5,308          6,562          6,888          6,893          6,868          5,822
Indonesia          2,685          2,811          3,047          3,242          4,477          5,158          5,506          5,761          4,754
Hong Kong, China          2,204          3,487          3,925          3,748          4,366          4,540          4,680          4,22 6          3,470
India          1,782          1,780          1,825          2,153          1,945          2,679          3,344          3,097          3 ,289
Mexico          1,414          1,509          1,383          1,672          1,886          2,821          2,585          3,133          3,133
Colombia          2,214          1,894          1,899          1,735          2,715          2,661          2,449          3,247          2,959
Thailand          1,390          1,774          2,075          2,120          2,833          3,824          3,965          2,857          2,711
New Zealand          2,333          2,159          2,297          2,207          2,365          2,862          3,017          3,163          2,436
Turkey          1,188          1,564          1,178          1,597          1,567          1,864          2,229          2,278          1,925
Rest of world        27,852        27,036        29,348        28,529        36,767        42,593        44,673        45,465        43, 171
 World Total ("other"
agricultural products)     102,496      113,122      120,544      121,969      147,443      169,875      176,850      182,911      171,792
World Total (all
agricultural products)   190,768   213,454   229,685   227,191   262,681  304,748  323,396   323,910 305,482
Notes:
(1)  Products included are agricultural products other than cereals, sugar, butter/butter oil, skim milk powder, whole milk pow der, cheese, bovine meat, pigmeat, poultry meat, oilseeds,
and fruit and vegetables.
(2)  For further comments see cover note, particularly paragraphs 12 and 13.
Source:   FAO (1999), "FAOSTAT Statistics Database" from the Internet.Annex II G/L/417
Page 53ANNEXES
Annex 1(a) - Share of selected countries in world import volume of wheat and wheat flour (per cent)
Average
1986/87-1990/911991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00
(estimate)
Brazil          2.1          4.9          5.5          6.2          7.1          5.9          5.9          5.9          7.6          6.7
Egypt          7.2          5.4          5.9          6.4          6.7          6.6          7.1          7.3          7.7          5.6
Japan          5.7          5.4          5.6          6.5          6.2          5.9          5.9          5.7          5.9          5.6
Korea          3.6          4.1          3.8          6.4          4.5          2.5          3.4          3.6          5.0          3.5
EC          2.3          1.1          1.2          1.8          2.0          3.0          2.5          3.7          3.6          3.5
Indonesia          1.9          2.3          2.5          3.2          3.6          3.7          4.2          3.7          3.3          3 .5
Morocco          1.6          1.4          2.8          2.6          1.3          2.4          1.7          2.7          2.7          3.0
Philippines          1.3          1.6          1.9          2.4          2.1          2.0          2.1          1.9          2.4          2.7
Mexico          0.6          0.7          1.3          2.0          1.5          1.6          1.9          2.2          2.6          2.4
Pakistan          1.3          2.1          2.5          2.3          2.2          2.0          3.0          3.6          3.1          1. 8
United States          0.4          0.9          1.4          2.6          2.2          1.2          1.9          1.9          2.0          1.7
Israel          0.7          0.7          0.7          1.5          1.0          0.9          1.0          1.4          1.2          1.5
Rest of world        71.3        69.3        65.0        56.3        59.5        62.3        59.4        56.2        53.0        58.5
World import volume         100         100         100         100         100         100         100         100         100         1 00
Total of top five
importers in 1986/87-90/91 (Egypt, Japan,Korea, EC, Brazil)20.8 20.9 22.0 27.2 26.5 23.8 24.8 26.3 29.7 24.9
Source:  Annex 1(b).G/L/417 Annex II
Page 54Annex 1(b) - Import volume of wheat and wheat flour (thousand metric tonnes)
Average
1986/87-1990/911991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00
(estimate)
Brazil 1,997 5,297 5,827 5,774 6,534 5,634 5,875 5,900 7,300 7,100
Egypt 6,962 5,809 6,224 5,887 6,203 6,322 7,035 7,200 7,400 6,000
Japan 5,489 5,828 5,911 5,979 5,730 5,681 5,862 5,700 5,700 6,000
Korea 3,464 4,428 4,008 5,902 4,091 2,384 3,342 3,600 4,800 3,700
EC 2,169 1,198 1,216 1,628 1,823 2,832 2,504 3,700 3,500 3,700
Indonesia 1,795 2,518 2,649 2,924 3,329 3,550 4,124 3,700 3,200 3,700
Morocco 1,563 1,556 2,897 2,448 1,181 2,335 1,645 2,700 2,600 3,200
Philippines 1,261 1,680 1,987 2,211 1,976 1,961 2,100 1,900 2,300 2,900
Mexico 616 784 1,322 1,809 1,386 1,561 1,900 2,200 2,500 2,600
Pakistan 1,255 2,310 2,613 2,085 2,024 1,903 3,003 3,600 3,000 1,900
United States 411 950 1,488 2,377 2,022 1,133 1,925 1,900 1,900 1,800
Israel 669 796 715 1367 932 873 947      1,354 1,200 1,600
Rest of world 68,722 74,848 68,374 52,115 54,691 59,755 58,873 55,725 51,200 62,200
World Total 96,373 108,002 105,231 92,506 91,922 95,924 99,135 99,179 96,600 106,400
Notes:
(1) Volumes are in wheat equivalent; data include wheat, wheat flour and durum (grain and semolina).
(2) Data are for July/June years.(3) For further comments see cover note, particularly paragraphs 12 and 13.
Sources:
(1) International Grains Council, "Wor ld Grain Statistics", various issues.
(2) International Grains Council (28 September 2000), "Grain Market Report".Annex II G/L/417
Page 55Annex 2(a) - Share of selected countries in world import volume of coarse grains (per cent)
Average
1986/87-1990/911991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00
(estimate)
Japan 23.9 22.6 24.4 26.2 23.3       21.6       22.5       24.4       21.1       19.0
Mexico 5.7 6.6 5.7 4.8 6.5          8.9          6.9          8.3          9.0          9.3
Korea 6.0 6.4 6.4 6.1 9.8       11.3          9.6          9.1          7.7          7.7
Egypt 1.8 1.5 1.9 2.7 3.2          2.6          3.4          3.6          4.1          3.9
EC 4.4 3.5 2.7 3.5 4.2          5.7          3.3          2.5          3.9          3.0
United States 1.3 2.1 1.1 5.3 3.7          2.6          3.1          3.3          3.0          2.6
Malaysia 1.2 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.4          2.5          2.8          2.5          2.4          2.1
Colombia - 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.0          1.4          1.8          2.2          1.8          1.9
Brazil 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.4 2.2          0.7          0.7          1.2          1.6          1.7
Morocco 0.2 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.8          1.0          0.7          0.8          1.8          1.6
Venezuela 1.0 0.6 1.2 1.5 1.1          1.4          1.4          1.6          1.5          1.2
Israel 1.2 0.9 1.3 1.4 1.4          1.3          1.6          1.2          1.3          1.2
Rest of world 52.4 52.3 50.7 43.7 40.6       39.0       42.2       39.3       41.0       44.6
World import
volume100 100 100 100 100        100        100        100        100        100
Total of top five
importers in 1986/87–1990/91 (Japan,Korea, Mexico, EC,Egypt)           41.8          40.6          41.1          43.3          47.0       50.1       45.7       47.9       45.7       42.9
Source:   Annex  2(b).G/L/417 Annex II
Page 56Annex 2(b) - Import volume of coarse grains (thousand metric tonnes)
Average
1986/87-1990/911991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00
(estimate)
Japan       21,492       20,943       21,633       21,294       21,072 19,800 20,847 20,800 20,100 19,800
Mexico         5,154         6,157         5,049         3,865         5,848 8,131 6,398 7,100 8,600 9,700
Korea         5,409         5,903         5,675         4,960         8,845 10,391 8,896 7,800 7,300 8,000
Egypt         1,631         1,399         1,687         2,182         2,908 2,401 3,105 3,100 3,900 4,100
EC         3,928         3,254         2,360         2,874         3,783 5,180 3,025 2,100 3,700 3,100
United States         1,148         1,961            958         4,273         3,333 2,424 2,846 2,800 2,900 2,700
Malaysia         1,067         1,533         1,670         1,605         2,150 2,332 2,560 2,100 2,300 2,200
Colombia - 433 620 798 900 1263 1669 1,900 1,700 2,000
Brazil            737            892            986         1,114         2,000 647 650 1,000 1,500 1,800
Morocco            201            443            836            526            732 874 679 700 1,700 1,700
Venezuela            915            534         1,095         1,213            981 1,259 1,275 1,400 1,400 1,300
Israel         1,102            827         1,142         1,115         1,240 1,152 1,517 1,000 1,200 1,300
Rest of world 47,051 48,473 45,037 35,547 36,700 35,713 39,033 33,600 39,100 46,500
World total 89,836 92,752 88,748 81,366 90,492 91,567 92,500 85,400 95,400 104,200
Notes:
(1) Volumes include:  barley, maize, sorghum, oats, rye, millet, triticale and mixed grains.
(2) Data are for July/June years.
(3) For further comments see cover note, particularly paragraphs 12 and 13.
Sources:
(1) International Grains Council, "Wor ld Grain Statistics", various issues.
(2) International Grains Council (28 September 2000), "Grain Market Report".Annex II G/L/417
Page 57Annex 3(a) - Share of selected countries in world import volume of sugar (per cent)
Average
1986 - 19901991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Russia - - 16.7 17.3 7.5 9.3 9.3 8.1 10.1
Indonesia 0.7 1.3 1.4 0.9 0.5 2.0 3.4 5.3 5.9
United States 6.2 9.0 6.6 6.2 5.3 4.8 8.2 8.0 5.5
EC 6.3 6.5 5.8 5.9 6.1 5.2 5.3 5.1 4.9
Japan 6.6 7.2 5.9 6.1 5.7 5.2 4.9 4.7 4.3
Korea 3.9 4.4 4.0 4.1 4.2 3.8 4.0 3.9 3.7
Egypt 2.7 2.8 1.5 1.7 1.9 3.1 2.0 3.7 3.1
Malaysia 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.1 2.9
Canada 3.7 3.6 3.3 4.0 3.8 3.0 3.6 2.9 2.7
Nigeria 1.6 1.6 2.3 1.9 1.5 1.3 1.7 1.7 2.6
India 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.8 0.6 0.0 0.6 1.8
Morocco 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6
Rest of world 63.1 59.8 48.3 47.4 49.9 57.1 52.9 51.2 50.8
World import
volume100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Total of top four
importers in 1992(Russia, US, Japan,EC)- -         35.0         35.5         24.5         24.5         27.7         25.9         24.8
Source:  Annex 3(b).G/L/417 Annex II
Page 58Annex 3(b) - Import volume of sugar (thousand metric tonnes)
Average
1986 – 19901991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Russia - -         5,144         5,063         2,248         3,186         3,275         2,985         3,732
Indonesia 198            331            425            263            148            688        1,206         1,977         2,199
United States 1,714         2,354         2,045         1,829         1,603         1,637         2,870         2,953         2,056
EC 1,748         1,709         1,786         1,713         1,834         1,787         1,868         1,883         1,814
Japan 1,824         1,895         1,823         1,794         1,700         1,789         1,708         1,757         1,604
Korea 1,069         1,160         1,229         1,188         1,274         1,311         1,402         1,437         1,378
Egypt 737            736            465            504            566         1,076            718         1,357         1,162
Malaysia 724            719            901            898            982         1,057         1,114         1,163         1,065
Canada 1,017            957         1,015         1,162         1,149         1,025         1,260         1,067         1,009
Nigeria 440            409            697            551            461            443            602            645            961
India 418 0 0 0         2,654            215 0            216            670
Morocco 293            280            406            416            455            478            513            603            590
Rest of world 17,400       15,714       14,899       13,885       15,008       19,584       18,562       18,966       18,836
World Total 27,581       26,264       30,835       29,266       30,082       34,276       35,098       37,009       37,076
Notes:
(1)  Centrifugal sugar in terms of raw sugar.
(2)  For further comments see cover note, particularly paragraphs 12 and 13.
Source:   International Sugar Organization, "Sugar Yearbook", several issues.G/L/417
Page 88
Annex III
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DECISION ON MEASURES CONCERNING THE POSSIBLE
NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF THE REFORM PROGRAMME ON LEAST-DEVELOPED
AND NET FOOD-IMPORTING DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Note by the Secretariat*
Revision
1. The present note further updates the information in the Secretariat note on implementation of
the Decision on Measures Concerning the Possible Negative Effects of the Reform Programme on
Least-Developed and Net Food-Importing De veloping Countries (G/AG/W/42/Rev.2).
2. Following a brief introduction on the follow-up process to the Decision as a whole (Part I),
this paper sets out the substantive provisions of the Decision and provides information regarding theirimplementation (Part II).  A list of related Committee on Agriculture documents is contained in
Attachment 1.  Further details are presented in Attachments 2 to 8.
I. MONITORING OF THE FOLLOW-UP TO THE DECISION
3. The follow-up to the Decision has represented an important element in the Committee's work.
This subject has been on the agenda at each regular Committee meeting.
4. In 1995, the Committee established notification requirements under which donor Members
are required to submit data on food aid donations (quantity and concessionality) as well asinformation on technical and financial assistance and other relevant information on actions taken
within the framework of the Decision (G/AG/2, pa ges 33-34 refer).  The annual monitoring of the
follow-up to the Decision in accordance with Article 16 of the Agreement on Agriculture and under
paragraph 18 of the Working Procedures of the Committee on Agriculture is undertaken on the basis,
inter alia, of these Table NF:1 notifications.
5. Attachment 2 summarizes compliance with NF :1 notification requirements in the 1995 to
2000 implementation years.  For the purposes of Attachment 2, "compliance" refers to any NF:1
notification received by the eight Members (counting the EC as one) that are donors under the Food
Aid Convention and three other Members that have  identified themselves as donors in their
notifications (Cuba, New Zealand and South Africa).  A number of other Members have alsosubmitted NF:1 notifications stating that no food aid or technical/financial assistance was provided or
that Table NF:1 was not applicable.  Attachment 2 reflects the state of play on notifications as of
30 October 2000.
_______________________
*(G/AG/W/42/Rev.3, dated 31 October 2000.)G/L/417 Annex III
Page 60
6. In 1996, the Committee established a WTO list of net food-importing developing countries.1
This list currently contains 19 developing country Members plus the 48 least-developed countries as
defined by the United Nations.2
7. In the same year, the Singapore Ministerial Conference ("SMC") adopted the Committee's
specific recommendations regarding the Decision (G/L/125 refers).
II. PROVISIONS OF THE DECISION AND IMPLEMENTATION
8. The Decision states:
"Ministers recognize  that the progressive implementation of the results of the
Uruguay Round as a whole will generate increasing opportunities for trade expansion
and economic growth to the benefit of all participants" (paragraph 1).
"Ministers recognize  that during the reform programme leading to greater
liberalization of trade in agriculture least-developed and net food-importing
developing countries may experience negative effects in terms of the availability ofadequate supplies of basic foodstuffs from external sources on reasonable terms and
conditions, including short-term difficulties in financing normal levels of commercial
imports of basic foodstuffs" (paragraph 2).
9. The remaining paragraphs of the Decision contain a number of specific agreements in the
areas of food aid, technical and financial assistance, differential treatment within the framework ofany agreement on agricultural export credits, and a provision regarding access to the resources of the
international financial institutions.  In the following, these paragraphs are taken up one by one and
supplemented by information available to the Secretariat regarding implementation.
Food aid and technical and financial assistance10. In light of paragraphs 1 and 2 of the Decision quoted above,
"Ministers accordingly agree to establish appropriate mechanisms to ensure that the
implementation of the results of the Uruguay Round on trade in agriculture does not
adversely affect the availability of food aid at a level which is sufficient to continue to
provide assistance in meeting the food needs of developing countries, especiallyleast-developed and net food-importing developing countries" (chapeau to
paragraph 3).
                                                     
1 The decision to establish this list was taken on the understanding that "being listed would not as such
confer automatic benefits since, under the mechanisms covered by the Marrakesh Ministerial Decision, donors
and the institutions concerned would have a role to play" (G/AG/R/4, paragraph 17).
2 The WTO list of net food-importing developing countries as it currently stands:  Barbados, Botswana,
Côte d’Ivoire, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Hond uras, Jamaica, Kenya, Mauritius, Morocco, Pakistan,
Peru, Saint Lucia, Senegal, Sri Lanka, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia and Venezuela (G/AG/5/Rev.3, dated28 June 1999, refers).Annex III G/L/417
Page 61
(i) Review of Food Aid Levels and Initiation of Food Aid Negotiations
11. To the end enunciated in the chapeau of paragraph 3 of the Decision, Ministers agreed:
"… to review the level of food aid established periodically by the Committee on Food
Aid under the Food Aid Convention 1986 and to initiate negotiations in the
appropriate forum to establish a level of food aid commitments sufficient to meet thelegitimate needs of developing countries during the reform programme ..."
(paragraph 3(i) of the Decision).
Review of food aid levels
12. The international food aid commitments under the Food Aid Convention are specified in
terms of minimum annual contributions by its members (Table 1).  The aggregate annual
commitments decreased from a total of 7.517 million tonnes under the Food Aid Convention, 1986 to5.35 million tonnes (wheat equivalent) under the Food Aid Convention, 1995.  Under the new Food
Aid Convention 1999,  the minimum annual volume and value commitments of FAC members
amount to a total of 4.895 million tonnes (wheat equivalent) and  €130 million, respectively (see
Attachment 3).
13. Table 1 summarizes the annual food aid shipments by FAC members in respect of their
commitments under the 1986 and 1995 Food Aid Conventions since 1992/93.   Although food aid
shipments of grain fell from 10.4 million tonnes  in 1992/93 to 5.8 million tonnes in 1996/97,
shipments exceeded, except in 1994/95, FAC me mbers' combined minimum annual commitments in
this period.  In 1998/99, food aid shipments by FA C donors reached an estimated 8.1 million tonnes,
2 million tonnes more than in 1997/98 and 2.8 million tonnes more than the aggregate annualminimum commitment.  Preliminary data for 1999/2000 indicate that Food Aid Convention donors
collectively supplied 8.3 million tonnes (wheat equivalent) to eligible recipients, with a further  €150
million supplied against commitments expressed in value terms.
14. There are a number of other sources of food aid data, particularly the FAO and the World
Food Programme.  Data from these sources are not directly comparable with the data of the Food AidCommittee of the International Grains Council (Table 1) for reasons such as differences in country
and product coverage, reporting period, and the use of delivery rather than shipment data.
15. According to World Food Programme data, global food aid deliveries reached a record of
17.3 million tonnes in 1993 and thereafter declined for three consecutive years to 7.2 million tonnes in
1996.   Since 1997, global food aid deliveries have increased (Table 2).  In 1999, food aid deliveriessurged by 75 per cent to 14.5 million tonnes.  This was mainly due to a sharp increase of deliveries to
"other countries" although deliveries to least-developed and net food-importing developing countries
also increased.  It should be noted that food deliveries as monitored by the World Food Programme
include deliveries by the FAC members, othe r countries, and non-governmental organizations.G/L/417 Annex III
Page 62Table 1 - Food Aid Convention - Annual Shipmen ts Of Grain - 1992/93-1998/ 99*  (July/June years)
metric tons: wheat equivalent
DONOR MINIMUM
ANNUAL
CONTRIBUTION
(1986 Conv.)1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 MINIMUM
ANNUAL
CONTRIBUTION
(1995 Conv.)1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 (prov.)
a) a)
ARGENTINA 35,000 f) - - 35,000 13,400 - - 10,135 m)
AUSTRALIA 300,000 309,561 307,874 334,090 300,000 l) 298,146 305,127 293,221 273,064
AUSTRIA 20,000 18,000 7,100 39,400            d)      d)            d)           d)      d)
CANADA 600,000 762,766 c) 659,103 632,881 400,000 448,764 468,431 417,917 487,095
EC 1,670,000 2,618,636 2,485,522 2,058,244 1,755,000 2,413,991 2,049,591 2,201,162 j) 1,973,357
FINLAND 25,000 25,000 19,610 g) h) 208 h)            d)      d)            d)          d)      d)
JAPAN b) 300,000 390,912 341,293 388,438 300,000 474,870 326,835 302,626 561,643
NORWAY b) i) 30,000 33,646 47,941 33,584 20,000 6,233 32,816 R 19,306 61,293
SWEDEN 40,000 62,560 b) 48,736 b) 54,761 b)            d)      d)            d)          d)      d)
SWITZERLAND 27,000 47,265 108,220 44,828 40,000 75,479 38,636 57,915 k) 38,939 k)
USA 4,470,000 6,119,687 4,688,779 3,526,994 2,500,000 2,849,384 2,553,283 R 2,818,500 4,734,121
TOTAL   e) 7,517,000 10,388,033 8,714,178 7,113,428 5,350,000 n) 6,580,267 5,774,719 R 6,110,647 8,139,647
ContinuedAnnex III G/L/417
Page 63Table 1 - continued
Notes:
* Unless otherwise specified, all shipments were in respect of the Food Aid Convention, 1986 and the Food Aid Convention, 1995.
These figures refer to actual shipments completed during the years shown and do not necessarily represent the performance of me mbers in relation to their
minimum obligations.
a) 1986 - As listed in Article III, paragraph (3), of the Food Aid Convention, 1986.
1995 - As listed in Article III, paragraph (4), of the Food Aid Convention, 1995.
b) Wheat equivalent of cash contributions as calculated on the basis of the "prevailing international market price".
These figures therefore do not correspond to quantities actually shipped.
c) Includes quantities shipped by Canada in respect of its obligations for the following year.d) From 1995/96 Austria, Finland and Sweden included under E.C.e) Includes contributions under IEFR - Immediate Response Account (IRA), as reported by WFP and detailed in Annex 2.f) Obligations under the Convention suspended between 1st July 1991 and 30th June 1993.g) In respect of outstanding 1992/93 contributions.
h) Obligations under the Convention suspended between 1st July 1993 and 30th June.
i) Norway made its entire FAC cash contribution available to WFP  during each of the years shown, but actual shipments, as repor ted by WFP, may not have been
completed.
j) Includes EC contributions of cash to recipients totalling Ecu 84.7 m. reported as equivalent to 583,693 tons of wheat, to be used for the purchase of grains by
recipients.  The cash was disbursed as follows (in '000 Ecus):Albania 5,000 Honduras 3,100 Senegal 500
Armenia 13,000 Kirghizstan 8,000 Sierra Leone 200
Bolivia 15,000 Mali 2,000 Tadjikistan 4,000Cape Verde Islands 7,000 Mozambique 5,400 Yemen 5,000Georgia 7,000 Nicaragua 600Haiti 700 Peru 8,200Individual details of the food aid quantities involved are not available, and are therefore not shown in Table 2.
k) Includes quantities shipped by Switzerland in respect of its obligations for the previous year.
l) Australia's minimum contribution was reduced to 250,000 tons with effect from 1 July 1998 under the FAC 1995 (as extended).m) Shipped by Argentina in respect of outstanding 1995/96 obligations.n) With effect from 1 July 1998, the total was reduced to 5,300, 000 tons (taking into account th e revised minimum contribution f or Australia).
R Revised
Source:  Food Aid Committee / International Grains Council.G/L/417 Annex III
Page 64
Table 2: Food aid deliveries to least-developed and net food-importing developing
countries, 1990-99  (million tonnes)
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Least-developed
countries3.9 4.8 6.3 4.5 5.4 4.0 3.3 3.5 3.7 4.3
Net food-importing
developing countries4.1 3.9 2.9 2.4 1.8 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.2
Other countries5.2 4.1 6.1 10.4 5.7 5.2 3.2 3.2 3.9 9.0
Global total 13.2 12.8 15.3 17.3 12.9 10.2 7.2 7.4 8.3 14.5
Notes: Includes cereals in grain equivalent and non-cereals in product weight (see also Table 5).
Net food-importing developing countries refers to Members listed in G/AG/5/Rev.3, dated 28 June 1999.
Source: WFP Food Aid Monitor: 1999 Food Aid Flows, special issue, May 2000 from the Internet (www.wfp.org).
16. Except for Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela, all net food-importing developing
countries on the WTO list were, occasionally or re gularly, recipients of food aid during 1990-99.   In
1999, aggregate deliveries to these countries were 37 per cent lower than average deliveries in the
period 1990-99 (Table 3).  In some countries, in particular Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia, food aid
deliveries have declined even more sharply during the past decade.  Deliveries to the least-developedcountries in 1999 were roughly equal to their ten-year average (1990-99), while global deliveries were
22 per cent above the long-run average.  In Attachment 4, data are provided of food aid deliveries to
all recipient countries during 1990-99, while Attachment 5 gives a break-down of deliveries as
between Members and non-Members.
31
Table 3: Food aid deliveries to least-developed and net food-importing developing
countries in 1990 compared to long-term average (million tonnes)
1990-99 average 19991999 in per cent of
1990-99 average
Least-developed countries         4,381       4,336 99
Net food-importing developingcountries       1,947       1,234 63
Other countries         5,578        8,931 160
Global total       11,906     14,501 122
Notes: Includes cereals in grain equivalent and non-cereals in product weight.
Net food-importing developing countries refers to Members listed in G/AG/5/Rev.3, dated 28 June 1999.
Source: WFP Food Aid Monitor: 1999 Food Aid Flows, special issue, May 2000 from the Internet (www.wfp.org).
17. As Table 4 indicates, the share of global food aid deliveries (excluding Europe and the CIS)
that was provided in the form of emergency relief in response to man-made or natural disasters
increased since 1990 while the share of programme food aid fell.
                                                     
3Further detailed information on food aid deliveries provided to least-developed and net food-importing
developing countries is contained in the NF:1 notifications of Argentina, Australia, Canada, EC, Japan, Norway,Switzerland and the United States.Annex III G/L/417
Page 65
Table 4: Composition of global food aid deliveries, excluding Europe and the CIS
(per cent)
1990 1993 1996 1999
Emergency relief food aid           19           37           36           43
Programme food aid           57           38           36           31
Project food aid           24           25           29           26
Total         100         100         100         100
Notes: All figures include cereal (in grain equivalent) and non-cereal food aid (in product weight).
Emergency relief food aid: Targeted and freely distributed to victims of natural or man-made disasters.
Programme food aid: Usually supplied as a resource transfer for balance-of-payments and/or budgetary
support objectives.  Provided as a grant or loan on a bilateral basis.  Not targeted atspecific beneficiary groups but sold on the market of the recipient country.
Project food aid: Provided to targeted beneficiary groups to support specific development objectives.
Always supplied on a grant basis.
Source: WFP Food Aid Monitor: 1999 Food Aid Flows, special issue, May 2000 from the Internet (www.wfp.org).
18. In Tables 1 to 3, as well as in Attachments 4 and 5, the food aid deliveries represent aggregate
quantities which include both cereals, in grain equivalent, and non-cereals in product weight.  Table 4
shows the composition of global food aid deliver ies (excluding Europe and the CIS) since 1990.
Table 5: Commodity composition of global food aid deliveries,
excluding Europe and the CIS (million tonnes)
1990 1993 1996 1999
Cereals 9,901 8,938 5,148 8,501
Blended/fortified 398 411 352 481
Coarse grains 2,087 2,964 1,308 1,361
Rice 726 900 742 896
Wheat & wheat flour 6,690 4,663 2,746 5,762
Non-cereals 1,001 1,178 787 711
Dairy products 119 104 24 24
Meat & fish 37 26 28 13
Oils & fats 521 463 266 255
Other non-cereals 53 75 64 53
Pulses 271 509 406 367
Cereals (per cent) 91 88 87 92
Non-cereals (per cent) 91 21 3 8
Note: Cereals in grain equivalent, non-cereals in product weight.
Source: WFP Food Aid Monitor: 1999 Food Aid Flows, special issue, May 2000 from the Internet (www.wfp.org).G/L/417 Annex III
Page 66
Initiation of food aid negotiations
19. In anticipation of the expiry of the Food Aid Convention, 1995 ("FAC") the SMC agreed that,
in preparation for the re-negotiation of the Food Aid Convention, action be initiated in 1997 within
the framework of the Convention, under arrangements for participation by all interested countries and
by relevant organizations, to develop recommendations with a view towards establishing a level of
food aid commitments, covering as wide a range of donors and donable products as is possible, which
is sufficient to meet the legitimate needs of developing countries during the reform programme(G/L/125, paragraph 18(i) refers).
20. Between January 1997 and March 1999 several meetings took place within the framework of
the FAC, including meetings with least-developed and net food-importing developing countries as
well as potential new food aid donors.  In December 1997 the FAC Food Aid Committee decided to
extend the FAC for one year (until June 1999) and to open the Convention for renegotiation takinginto account, amongst other things, "the food security and trade liberalization objectives under the
WTO and the World Food Summit Action Plan" (IGC statement in G/AG/GEN/20).
21. In early 1998 the Food Aid Committee confirmed its intention to bring a new Food Aid
Convention into effect on 1 July 1999 and  requested the Working Group which was undertaking the
re-negotiation of the FAC to aim to conclude the substantive negotiations by the end of 1998.
22. In November 1998, the Food Aid Committee held a further dialogue meeting with
representatives of food aid recipient countries regarding the main elements of the new Convention(G/AG/GEN/31, page 4 refers).
23. The negotiations on the Food Aid Convention 1999 were completed on 24 March 1999 and
the new Convention provisionally entered into forc e on 1 July 1999 for an initial duration of three
years.  Its members, including provisional members, are the same as the members of the Food Aid
Convention, 1995 (Argentina, Australia, Canada, EC and its member States, Japan, Norway,Switzerland and the United States).
24. The Food Aid Convention 1999 contains a number of new features.   They include that the list
of eligible products which may be supplied has been broadened significantly beyond cereals.  There
are also new provisions designed to improve the effectiveness and the impact of food aid.  When
allocating their food aid, FAC members undertake to give priority to the least-developed countries andLow-Income Countries, many of which are on the pr esent WTO list of net food-importing developing
countries.  Other eligible food aid recipients include Lower Middle-Income Countries and all other
countries included in the WTO list of net food-importing developing countries at the time of
negotiation of the new Convention. Attachment 3 reproduces a summary by the IGC Executive
Director of the outcome of the negotiations on the new Food Aid Convention.
(ii) Concessionality of Food Aid
25. To the end stated in the chapeau of paragraph 3 of the Decision Ministers also agreed:
"… to adopt guidelines to ensure that an  increasing proportion of basic foodstuffs is
provided to least-developed and net food-importing developing countries in fullygrant form and/or on appropriate concessional terms in line with Article IV of the
Food Aid Convention 1986 …" (paragraph 3(ii) of the Decision).
26. The SMC agreed that the recommendations to be developed by the FAC referred to in
paragraph 19 above should include guidelines in accordance with paragraph 3(ii) of the Decision, as
well as means to improve the effectiveness and positive impact of food aid.  Under the Food Aid
Convention 1999, all food aid provided to least-developed countries will be in the form of grants.Annex III G/L/417
Page 67
Overall, food aid in the form of grants is to re present, at a minimum, 80 per cent of FAC members'
contributions and donors will seek to progressively exceed this share.
27. Table 6 shows the proportion of food aid provid ed to least-developed and net food-importing
developing countries in the form of donations as notified by Members. All notifying Members, except
the United States, provided the food aid to the countries concerned in fully grant form.  In the case of
the United States, in the first four years of implementation between 83 and 93 per cent of food aid wasdonated, with the remainder being provided in accordance with the relevant FAC guidelines.
Table 6: Proportion of food aid provided in fully grant form
Member Concessionality of food aid
FAC donors
Argentina 100 % grant terms
Australia 100 % grant terms
Canada 100 % grant terms
EC 100 % grant terms
Japan 100 % grants of cash
Norway 100 % grant terms
Switzerland 100 % grant terms
USA proportion of food aid to least-developed and net food-
importing developing countries on 100 % grant terms:
1995/96 -   84 %
1996/97 -   93 %1997/98 -   83 %1998/99 -   93 %
the remainder is provided in accordance with Food Aid
Convention guidelines
Other donors
Cuba 100 % grant terms
New Zealand 100 % grants of cash
South Africa not applicable (no food aid provided)
(iii) Technical and Financial Assistance
28. To the end stated in the chapeau of paragraph 3 of the Decision Ministers agreed
  "… to give full consideration in the context of their aid programmes to requests for
the provision of technical and financial assistance to least-developed and net food-
importing developing countries to improve their agricultural productivity and
infrastructure" (paragraph 3(iii) of the Decision).
29. The SMC called on developed country Members to continue to give full consideration in the
context of their aid programmes to requests for the provision of technical and financial assistance.
This recommendation reflects the fact that technical and financial assistance is essentially a bilateral
matter between donors and recipients based on requests made by recipient countries.
30. The Secretariat has no information whether least-developed and net food-importing
developing countries made requests pursuant to paragraph 3(iii) of the Decision.  However,
Attachment 6 provides an overview of spending  on bilateral technical and financial assistanceG/L/417 Annex III
Page 68
programmes as notified by Members, including in a number of cases funding given to multilateral
organizations and other aid.  Some Members noted in their notifications that it had not always been
possible to identify expenditures that were exclusiv ely targeted to agriculture and to least-developed
and net food-importing developing countries.  In addition, in their contributions to the Committee's
annual monitoring exercise of the Decision several of the international observer organizations have
provided information on their respective activities in the area of technical assistance.41
Differential treatment within the framework of an agreement on agricultural export credits
31. In light of paragraphs 1 and 2 of the Decision quoted above, Ministers agreed:
"… to ensure that any agreement relating to agricultural export credits makes
appropriate provision for differential treatment in favour of least-developed and net
food-importing developing countries"   (paragraph  4 of the Decision).
32. Ministers reaffirmed this commitment at the SMC.  In the ongoing negotiations on an
understanding regarding agricultural export credit s undertaken within the framework of the OECD,
consideration is being given to this matter (OEC D statement in G/AG/GEN/15, page 8 refers).  The
further negotiations which have taken place this year, most recently in September, have advanced the
discussions in a number of areas but the negotiations have not yet been concluded.
Access to the resources of the international financial institutions33. In the Decision Ministers furthermore recognized that:
"… as a result of the Uruguay Round certain developing countries may experience
short-term difficulties in financing normal levels of commercial imports and that
these countries may be eligible to draw on the resources of international financial
institutions under existing facilities, or such facilities as may be established, in thecontext of adjustment programmes, in order to address such financing difficulties. In
this regard, Ministers take note of paragraph 37 of the report of the Director-General
to the CONTRACTING PARTIES to GATT 1947 on his consultations with the
Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund and the President of the
World Bank (MTN.GNG/NG14/W/35)" (paragraph 5 of the Decision).
34. At the SMC it was agreed that WTO Members, in their individual capacity as members of
relevant international financial institutions, take appropriate steps to encourage the institutions
concerned, through their respective governing bodies, to further consider the scope for establishing
new facilities or enhancing existing facilities for developing countries experiencing Uruguay Round-
related difficulties in financing normal levels of commercial imports of basic foodstuffs.
(i) Ability to finance commercial imports
35. As noted above, the Decision recognizes that as a result of the Uruguay Round certain
developing countries may experience short-term difficulties in financing normal levels of commercial
imports of basic foodstuffs.  In this context, at various stages of the Committee's annual monitoring
                                                     
4 See G/AG/GEN/40, pages 12-21, for a recent listing by the World Bank of its agricultural projects in
LDCs and net-food-importing developing countries; see G/AG/R/9, paragraph 33 for FAO's Special Programmeon Food Production in Support of Food Security in LIFDCs.Annex III G/L/417
Page 69
exercise of the Decision, several of the international observer organizations have commented on the
development of international food prices.52
36. Chart 1 below shows the trend of the IMF price index for non-fuel primary commodities
which covers food, beverages, agricultural raw materials, as well as metals and fertilizers.63  T h e
broken line in Chart 1 which tracks the price development in real terms indicates that non-fuel
primary commodity prices, following a period of strengthening prices in 1999 and the beginning of
this year, have again declined in recent months.   Attachment 7 provides IMF data with respect to the
movement of various commodity price indices since 1990, including for food (column 4 of
Attachment 7).  It may be noted that in 1999 and 2000 food prices (in US dollars) were lower than at
any other time in the past decade.  Attachment 8 provides price data compiled by the World Bank for
a range of agricultural commodities.
37. Chart 2 below shows world market prices for wheat since 1987, as measured by the wheat
price index (in nominal terms) of the International Grains Council.  From its peak in 1996, the wheatprice index has dropped by approximately 50 per cent and this year international wheat prices have
reached their lowest level since 1990 – the year of the highest world crop ever except for 1996/97.
The index numbers of the IGC wheat price index as from April 2000 are as follows:
07-Apr-00         1,117
14-Apr-00         1,10521-Apr-00         1,103
28-Apr-00         1,087
05-May-00         1,14912-May-00         1,14919-May-00         1,12126-May-00         1,146
02-Jun-00         1,126
09-Jun-00         1,120
16-Jun-00         1,11123-Jun-00         1,14730-Jun-00         1,134
07-Jul-00         1,10014-Jul-00         1,091
21-Jul-00         1,072
28-Jul-00         1,061
04-Aug-00         1,03411-Aug-00         1,03718-Aug-00         1,055
25-Aug-00         1,078
01-Sep-00         1,10808-Sep-00         1,10515-Sep-00         1,10022-Sep-00         1,09629-Sep-00         1,147
06-Oct-00         1,161
13-Oct-00         1,183
                                                     
5See FAO in G/AG/GEN/31, page 2 and G/AG/GEN/36, page 1; IMF in G/AG/GEN/15, page 2;
G/AG/GEN/31, page 6 and G/AG/GEN/40, page 5; International Grains Council in G/AG/R/4, page 6;UNCTAD in G/AG/GEN/31, page 12; World Bank in G/AG/GEN/15, page 3 and G/AG/W/12, page 4-6; seealso the points raised by Members in G/AG/R/3, page 6.
6In this index, metals and fertilizers carry a weight of 26.7 per cent and 1.3 per cent, respectively.G/L/417 Annex III
Page 70CHART 1
INDICES OF NON-FUEL PRIMARY COMMODITY PRICES
(1990 = 100) 1/
7080901001101201301401501601982
19831984
1985
1986
1987
19881989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
19951996
1997
1998
1999
2000708090100110120130140150160
U.S. DollarsReal  2/
1/  Indices comprise 39 price series for 33 non-fuel primary commodities.  Weights are based on the 1987-89 average of world ex port earnings.
2/  Deflated by the export unit value index for manufactures of industrial countries.
Source: International Monetary Fund (www.imf.org/external/np/res/commod/index.htm).Annex III G/L/417
Page 71CHART 2 – THE INTERNATIONAL GRAINS COUNCIL WHEAT PRICE INDEX, JANUARY 1987 – MARCH 2000
050010001500200025003000
IGC 04/00* Average wheat prices of seven widely traded varieties of bread wheat: July/Dec 1986=1000 88 89 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 87 00G/L/417 Annex III
Page 72
38. At the November 1997 meeting of the Committee, the FAO presented the main findings of a
study on the food situation in the least-devel oped and net food-importing countries (G/AG/GEN/15,
pages 5-6 refer).  The study provides quantitative results on a number of variables affecting the ability
to finance commercial imports, including export earnings, the balance-of-payments situation and thedebt service ratio.  FAO emphasized the fact that as a result of declining levels of food aid and export
subsidies "a much greater volume of cereals is now imported under commercial terms."  In conclusion
FAO noted that "all the relevant statistics differentiate clearly the LDCs and the NFIDCs from the rest
of the developing countries as regards food availability and capacity to import.  The food security
situation in both the LDCs and the NFIDCs remains precarious and FAO will continue to monitor thissituation as it evolves."
71  An update on the food security situation in the countries covered by the
Decision was presented in Nove mber 1998 (G/AG/GEN/31, pages 2- 3 refer) and in March 1999. At
the March meeting, the FAO representative concluded that "overall, despite the fall in the [cereal]import bill of the LDCs and the NFIDCs during th e current season, their food security situation
remains precarious in a large number of these countries as it is regularly reported by the Global
Information and Early Warning Sy stem" (G/AG/GEN/36, page 2).
39. According to data provided by FAO at th e November 1999 meeting of the Committee, the
aggregate cereal import bill (not including food aid) of the least-developed and net food-importing
developing countries has declined year after year since 1995/96, the year when cereal prices increased
sharply (see Chart 2).   By 1998/99 total expenditures for cereal imports were slightly lower than in
1994/95 while the volume of commercial imports  was 14 per cent higher (G/AG/GEN/40, page 4
refers).
(ii) Access to the facilities of the IMF and the World Bank
40. At the November 1995 meeting the IMF informed the Committee of the IMF's two principal
facilities to assist net food-importing developing countries, i.e. the Enhanced Structural AdjustmentFacility (ESAF) and the Compensatory and Cont ingency Financing Facility (CCFF).  Under ESAF
arrangements, funds may be provided on concessional terms in the event of  persistently higher import
prices for food, regardless of whether or not these are caused by the Uruguay Round.  The CCFF,
particularly its cereal element, was established to deal with financing needs in the event of
temporarily higher food prices (for further detail s of the CCFF see page 6 of document G/AG/W/12).
At the September 1996 Committee meeting, the IMF gave a detailed account of how these facilities
had been used by the least-developed and net food-importing developing countries in the wake of
rising world food prices.  The general conclusion of the IMF was that, under existing facilities and
with anticipated resources, the IMF was in a position to meet any additional balance-of-payments
related needs that may arise from higher world food prices.
41. At the November 1998 and 1999 meetings of Committee, the IMF provided updated
information with regard to the scope of its lending programmes to least-developed and net food-
importing developing countries to support adjustment programmes or to deal with emergency
situations.  In conclusion the representative of the IMF reiterated that "the Fund has the resources
under existing facilities and has shown its willingness to use these resources in the last year, to meet
the balance of payments needs of net f ood-importers" (G/AG/GEN/40, page 5 refers).
42. The position of the World Bank on the issue of access to its resources was outlined in
November 1997 as follows:
                                                     
7 See also "Food Security Assessment" by the Economic Research Service of the U.S. Department of
Agriculture, December 1999, at www.ers.usda.gov/epubs/pdf/gfa11/index.htm.Annex III G/L/417
Page 73
"The World Bank continues to monitor the progress of liberalization resulting from
the implementation of commitments made under the Uruguay Round Agreement.  A
number of recent studies using different methodologies and assumptions confirm that
the long run impacts of the Uruguay Round agreement on agricultural prices will be
relatively small - certainly far smaller than the price increases that have beenexperienced in recent years.  Given the small size of the shocks resulting from the
Round and the Bank’s substantial headroom above current IBRD loans outstanding, it
seems clear that the Bank will be in a position to meet any additional demands
generated by the Round for loans on IBRD terms.
"In response to the Ministerial Decision, a Working Group involving the World Bank,
the Food and Agriculture Organization, the World Food Programme and the IMF met
in 1995 to address the special needs of least-developed and net food-importingcountries.  The Working Group reviewed the range of facilities available for
additional financing needs for developing countries in the event of world price shocks
and production shortfalls and provided a report to the WTO in late 1995.  Given the
wide range of facilities and the small price impacts expected to arise as a consequence
of  the Round, and the difficulty involved in distinguishing Uruguay Round impactsfrom other shocks, it did not seem appropriate to establish a special Uruguay Round
adjustment facility" (G/AG/GEN/15, page 3).
43. Furthermore, at the Committee's November 1998 monitoring exercise in respect of the
Decision, the World Bank provided an overview of the World Bank's lending programmes in terms of
agricultural development projects (see above), st ructural adjustment lending and emergency lending
(G/AG/GEN/31, pages 25-27 refer).G/L/417 Annex III
Page 74
Attachment 1
List of documents related to the implementation of the Decision
G/L/125 Report by the Committee on Agriculture on the Marrakesh Ministerial Decision
on Measures Concerning the Possible Negative Effects of the ReformProgramme on Least-Developed and Net Food-Importing Developing Countries(COA report for the SMC)
G/AG/3 Decision by the Committee on Agriculture at its Meeting on 21 November 1995
Relating to the Establishment of a List of WTO Net Food-Importing DevelopingCountries for the Purposes of the Marrakesh Ministerial Decision on MeasuresConcerning the Possible Negative Effects of the Reform Programme on the LeastDeveloped and Net Food-Importing Developing Countries ("The Decision")
G/AG/5/Rev.3 WTO list of net food-importing developing countries for the purposes of the
Marrakesh Ministerial Decision on Measures Concerning the Possible NegativeEffects of the Reform Programme on Least-Developed and Net Food-ImportingDeveloping Countries
G/AG/GEN/15 Annual monitoring exercise in respect of the follow-up to the Ministerial
Decision on Measures Concerning the Possible Negative Effects of the ReformProgramme on Least-Developed and Net Food-Importing Developing Countries(statements by the international observer organizations)
G/AG/GEN/20 Communication from the Executive Director of the International Grains Council
presented to the 19-20 March 1998 meeting of the Committee on Agriculture
G/AG/GEN/31 Annual monitoring exercise in respect of the follow-up to the Ministerial
Decision on Measures Concerning the Possible Negative Effects of the ReformProgramme on Least-Developed and Net Food-Importing Developing Countries(statements by the international observer organizations)
G/AG/GEN/35 Communication from the Executive Director of the International Grains Council
presented to the 25-26 March 1999 meeting of the Committee on Agriculture
G/AG/GEN/36 Statement by the Observer from the FAO presented to the 25-26 March 1999
meeting of the Committee on Agriculture
G/AG/GEN/40 Annual monitoring exercise in respect of the follow-up to the Ministerial
Decision on Measures Concerning the Possible Negative Effects of the ReformProgramme on Least-Developed and Net Food-Importing Developing Countries(statements by the international observer organizations).
G/AG/W/12 and Add.1 Decision on Measures Concerning the Possible Negative Effects of the Reform
Programme on Least-Developed and Net Food-Importing Developing Countries:the Director-General's consultations with the IMF and the World Bank
G/AG/W/20 Preparatory work programme in respect of paragraph 3(i) and (ii) of the
Marrakesh Ministerial Decision on Measures Concerning the Possible NegativeEffects of the Reform Programme on Least-Developed and Net Food-ImportingDeveloping Countries (n ote by the Secretariat)
G/AG/W/36 Review of food aid levels (note by the Secretariat)G/AG/R- series Reports of COA meetingsAnnex III G/L/417
Page 75
Attachment 2
Compliance with notification requireme nts in respect of actions taken within
the framework of the Decision, 1995-2000 (Table NF:1)
Member 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Notification circulated
in G/AG/N-series
Food Aid Convention
donor
Argentina X X X X X ARG/10
Australia X X X X AUS/5, 13, 21, 25
Canada X X X X CAN/11, 18, 25, 34
EC X X X X EEC/9, 21 and Add.1.,
25
Japan X X X X JPN/15, 27, 33, 46
Norway X X X X NOR/6, 19 and Corr.1,
20 and Corr.1, 26
Switzerland X X X X CHE/23
United States X X X X USA/7, 20, 21, 31
Other donors
Cuba X X CUB/4, 5
New Zealand X X X X NZL/6, 13, 17, 25
South Africa X X X X ZAF/7, 9, 17,
"Nil" notifications
Brazil X X X X BRA/2, 7, 17
Burkina Faso X BFA/2
Fiji X X FJI/3, 5
Indonesia X X IDN/6, 7
Korea X X KOR/9, 17
Malta X MLT/3
Morocco X MAR/9
Philippines X PHL/7
United Arab Emirates X ARE/1
Uruguay X URY/6
Compliance calculated as:
… number of notifications  
received by FAC donors (%)100 100 100 100 n.a. n.a.
… number of notifications
received by FAC & other
donors (%)100 100 91 91 n.a. n.a.
Notes: Annual reporting periods differ among Members.
"X" means that a notification was received.  A blank means that no notification was received.
"Nil" notification means that the notification indicated that no food aid or technical/financial assistance wasprovided or that Table NF:1 was not applicable.
"n.a." denotes not applicable since at least one Member  is still within the allowabl e delay for the submission of
Table NF:1 notifications in the 1999 implementation year (the relevant fiscal/marketing year);  as regards 2000,the implementation year is still underway for all donor Members.G/L/417 Annex III
Page 76
Attachment 3
G/AG/GEN/35:  Communication from the Executive Director of the International Grains
Council presented to the 25-26 March 1999 meeting of the Committee on Agriculture
In my letter of 3 December 1997, I informed you that members of the Food Aid Committee
had decided to open the Food Aid Convention, 1995 for re-negotiation, thus following up on the
Recommendations that WTO Ministers adopted at their Singapore Conference in respect of Least-
Developed and Net Food-Impor ting Developing Countries.
These negotiations were completed on 24 March.  Under cover, I have pleasure in conveying
to you the text of a new Food Aid Convention 1999 (FAC) which, subject to the necessary actions by
member Governments, will come into effect on 1 July 1999.
The objectives of the FAC 1999 are "to contribute to world food security and to improve the
ability of the international community to respond to emergency food situations and other food needsof developing countries".
Under the new Convention, the list of eligible products which may be supplied has been
broadened significantly beyond cereals.  There are also stronger provisions to cover transportation and
other operational costs associated with food aid transactions, especially when food aid is directed toleast-developed countries and in emergencies.
FAC donors may now express their commitments in to nnage, or in value, or in a combination
of tonnage and value.  Accordingly, the mini mum annual tonnage and value commitments of FAC
members amount in total to 4,895,000 tonnes (wheat equivalent) and  €130 million, respectively.
When allocating their food aid, FAC members will give priority to Least-Developed
Countries and Low-Income Countries – many of which are on the WTO list of Net Food-Importing
Developing Countries (NFIDCs).  Eligible food aid recipients will include Lower Middle-Income
Countries and all other countries on the present WTO list of NFIDCs, when experiencing food
emergencies or internationally recognized financial crises leading to food shortage emergencies, or
when food aid operations are targeted on vulnerable groups.
The new FAC contains stronger provisions to promote local agricultural development in
recipient countries.  This includes possible "triangular transactions" i.e. donor countries using their
cash contributions to purchase food in developing countries for supply to a recipient country, and
"local purchases", i.e. food being purchased by donors in one part of a developing country for supplyto a deficit area in that country.
All FAC food aid to least-developed country recipients covered by members' commitments
will be in the form of grants.  Overall, food aid pr ovided in the form of grants under this Convention
will represent not less than 80 per cent of a member's contributions and, to the extent possible,members will seek progressively to exceed this percentage.
In determining whether, and the extent to which, food aid provision on long-term
concessional credit terms should continue to be covered under any Food Aid Convention, FAC
members will take account of the results of relevant multilateral negotiations bearing on food aid.
All FAC members agreed that the provisions of the new Convention should neither prejudice
nor constrain future negotiations, including those in the framework of the WTO, on the status of food
aid provisions on concessional credit terms.  The EU and some other members re-affirmed their
opinion that food aid provided under credit terms shoul d no longer be included in the list of food aid
operations.Annex III G/L/417
Page 77
The new FAC will seek to improve the effectiveness and the impact of food aid transactions,
inter alia , in terms of the assessment of food aid needs, the monitoring of the aid provided, and co-
operation between food aid donors, recipients and others concerned.  In addition, the provision of
food aid under the FAC will not be tied in any wa y to commercial exports of goods or services to
recipient countries.
During the negotiations, a dialogue was maintained with food aid recipient countries.  Efforts
to broaden the list of FAC donors were also made and will continue.  I am also pleased to note that
close co-operation with the WTO was maintained throughout, regular progress reports being made to
the Committee on Agriculture.
FAC members have emphasized that the new Food Aid Convention is evidence of their desire
to maintain international cooperation in support of world food security and to follow up on the WTO
Singapore Ministerial recommendations.  Whether their specific FAC commitments are expressed in
volume or in value, they are all about meeting th e food aid needs of developing countries adequately,
irrespective of fluctuations in world food prices and supplies.G/L/417 Annex III
Page 78
Attachment 4
Food aid deliveries of cereals and non-cereals, 1990-1999 ('000 tonnes, cereals in grain equivalent)
Country/Region 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 LDC NFI MEM
Sub-Sahara Africa 2,986.6 4,033.1 6,176.0 4,870.1 4,482.0 3,300.2 2,596.2 2,469.9 2,824.6 2,841.2  
Angola 123.6 135.6 113.7 173.5 343.9 219.7 250.6 181.4 202.8 133.6 #M
Benin 14.8 8.3 12.6 33.7 14.9 20.6 10.2 21.8 25.5 11.3 #M
Botswana 15.4 2.9 8.9 13.4 9.1 10.3 3.7 0.4 NM
Burkina Faso 33.6 91.2 58.8 36.4 49.1 41.5 26.9 39.6 34.9 66.1 #M
Burundi 2.9 6.1 2.5 7.6 78.8 103.2 7.8 3.0 0.7 6.4 #M
Cameroon 3.2 10.3 7.2 1.7 2.7 7.3 24.1 1.4 10.2 7.5 M
Cape Verde 58.7 64.2 59.2 27.8 73.4 73.4 44.5 65.3 59.9 70.3
C. African Rep. 3.4 3.9 5.2 4.3 5.1 1.5 2.1 1.4 11.5 1.4 #M
Chad 26.0 77.6 8.2 4.2 22.6 21.2 19.7 49.4 18.2 16.0 #M
Comoros 3.8 5.5 7.3 4.4 6.7 5.8 0.6 1.0 8.9 0.2 #
Congo 8.0 10.0 17.1 2.0 16.7 12.6 18.0 0.3 14.1 16.0 M
Congo, Dem. Rep. 97.5 99.2 35.8 23.0 82.3 109.3 54.9 29.5 11.1 22.0 #M
Côte d'Ivoire 66.3 40.0 39.9 52.7 56.3 23.9 54.8 11.4 26.3 37.4 NM
Djibouti 8.6 10.4 10.2 26.3 12.6 20.2 10.8 13.8 11.2 10.5 #M
Equatorial Guinea 4.6 3.6 3.7 5.5 3.3 3.9 0.6 0.7 1.9 #
Eritrea 42.6 117.1 329.8 104.3 40.4 53.5 110.1 34.7 #
Ethiopia 863.8 943.8 1,209.7 533.6 948.6 635.7 457.0 434.1 594.7 914.1 #
Gabon 0.1 M
Gambia 4.1 16.3 10.7 8.5 9.7 3.8 4.3 9.2 7.7 14.0 #M
Ghana 66.1 169.0 142.8 123.6 90.8 96.9 33.7 86.5 58.4 26.8 M
Guinea Bissau 5.2 15.9 7.5 10.8 4.5 3.2 7.8 5.9 3.9 21.5 #M
Guinea 11.2 28.7 29.5 42.8 40.2 7.5 12.9 9.8 6.9 24.8 #M
Kenya 89.8 73.9 274.3 353.1 230.1 79.6 31.8 117.0 142.7 72.4 NM
Lesotho 41.8 27.6 35.1 54.2 34.5 33.7 40.2 8.9 16.5 4.4 #M
Liberia 34.9 171.8 169.3 175.2 179.3 160.8 169.4 117.5 96.2 88.9 #
Madagascar 53.6 30.2 69.5 37.4 26.2 38.2 22.1 43.5 30.6 19.8 #M
Malawi 219.3 232.5 369.6 541.0 166.9 235.9 122.9 50.2 58.4 72.4 #M
Mali 38.6 47.0 38.5 27.8 27.1 20.0 19.1 25.7 26.6 20.3 #MAnnex III G/L/417
Page 79Country/Region 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 LDC NFI MEM
Mauritania 45.2 90.0 29.9 82.5 25.6 44.9 17.3 44.0 13.8 28.7 #M
Mauritius 11.3 6.3 14.0 2.2 0.8 1.0 NM
Mozambique 422.6 542.7 1,045.9 457.9 378.9 385.7 151.3 175.5 201.2 119.0 #M
Namibia 11.6 9.5 20.4 24.6 0.6 2.7 10.4 0.4 2.0 M
Niger 40.1 91.9 46.2 26.4 46.9 24.6 32.4 62.0 45.7 46.2 #M
Nigeria 0.6 1.1 M
Rwanda 9.0 20.0 25.0 157.0 273.2 274.2 509.0 449.1 307.0 274.0 #M
Sao Tome / Principe 8.6 9.6 9.2 7.1 8.0 7.9 4.9 4.0 3.7 0.7
Senegal 63.5 42.2 80.9 52.2 25.7 21.3 8.6 13.0 6.5 32.9 NM
Seychelles 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.1
Sierra Leone 11.0 61.4 46.5 28.7 33.6 33.5 55.0 90.3 86.8 30.7 #M
Somalia 98.3 82.4 275.2 209.6 149.0 55.9 31.7 5.0 65.5 49.1 #
South Africa 6.7 9.2 4.8 0.1 14.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 18.0 8.8 M
Sudan 230.0 549.6 705.7 340.0 431.6 81.7 108.3 115.3 205.8 331.5 #
Swaziland 10.2 4.9 16.5 31.8 11.3 6.3 9.5 5.0 5.0 M
Tanzania 35.5 21.7 22.7 39.8 85.0 144.5 29.8 42.6 91.2 36.7 #M
Togo 12.3 20.1 14.4 9.3 9.3 5.9 5.1 3.0 9.9 4.0 #M
Uganda 46.7 65.4 48.4 68.7 81.8 76.9 44.8 70.8 96.1 90.9 #M
Zambia 10.9 63.3 467.5 355.7 19.6 26.1 73.8 11.3 21.9 39.8 #M
Zimbabwe 13.7 17.6 513.1 534.7 22.4 13.0 12.2 0.1 56.7 28.3 M
North Africa and
Middle East2,813.8 3,078.6 1,525.5 956.2 869.1 625.3 567.5 372.5 353.0 465.0 
Algeria 9.6 43.7 18.0 26.2 26.3 27.2 27.1 42.0 15.8 36.2
Egypt 1,605.6 1,823.6 616.6 220.8 295.2 208.9 154.9 74.4 66.5 61.2 NM
Gaza/W.Bank 25.9 67.7 19.6 25.8 49.3 48.3 11.7 14.8 24.3 26.7
Iran 26.3 117.3 82.0 38.5 26.0 13.2 4.9 19.7 12.9 7.8
Iraq 46.5 99.8 93.5 73.3 101.9 113.8 90.9 47.8 18.1
Israel 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 M
Jordan 261.1 416.5 262.5 174.6 166.2 122.2 167.5 27.4 119.5 108.7 M
Lebanon 42.8 35.8 27.8 10.8 10.0 11.5 7.5 1.7 1.1 1.0
Morocco 270.6 250.8 258.8 158.6 104.0 2.0 0.1 15.9 0.2 10.5 NM
Syria 37.6 39.2 20.1 28.3 40.3 45.0 14.6 21.0 25.9 27.4G/L/417 Annex III
Page 80
Country/Region 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 LDC NFI MEM
Tunisia 382.6 194.9 62.4 79.0 30.8 26.6 23.3 12.4 3.1 NM
Turkey 14.3 2.9 5.2 3.0 1.8 0.6 1.0 M
Yemen 14.6 19.3 17.3 13.7 0.9 2.2 1.3 #
Yemen, Rep. of 121.7 20.4 34.4 82.4 43.0 15.7 39.7 52.3 35.8 167.5 #
Latin America &
the Caribbean2,306.4 2,006.3 1,845.7 2,101.3 1,318.4 931.8 761.6 650.8 994.6 1,003.0 
Antigua 1.0 3.1 M
Belize 0.0 M
Bolivia 261.5 214.3 114.3 417.3 170.9 85.6 157.1 96.8 217.0 72.4 M
Brazil 28.6 20.0 6.1 38.1 35.3 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 M
Chile 7.8 15.1 6.4 6.0 2.8 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 M
Colombia 4.8 8.4 19.0 3.5 27.7 15.3 8.6 1.6 7.0 11.1 M
Costa Rica 7.2 84.3 4.0 92.7 6.0 2.7 1.1 M
Cuba 2.6 6.8 2.9 23.6 7.0 6.1 12.7 30.1 19.1 58.8 NM
Dominican Rep. 40.5 11.8 19.9 11.0 13.8 6.4 8.2 3.5 7.3 120.3 NM
Dominica 0.3 2.1 1.2 0.1 0.1 7.0 2.7 M
Ecuador 76.6 46.9 46.7 11.9 27.0 19.3 1.9 12.1 20.5 21.5 M
El Salvador 202.8 175.3 117.0 169.9 23.7 25.0 26.8 24.3 20.4 66.8 M
French Guiana 0.5
Grenada 2.0 2.6 0.1 4.5 M
Guatemala 184.8 231.5 146.6 130.3 176.4 64.8 30.7 53.0 71.7 62.2 M
Guyana 45.5 34.0 58.0 44.6 34.0 33.0 42.3 33.5 59.4 37.3 M
Haiti 108.1 70.2 109.5 119.0 94.5 168.1 118.9 174.6 166.6 69.1 #M
Honduras 145.5 128.2 110.5 123.7 115.4 53.2 33.7 28.5 31.1 168.2 NM
Jamaica 293.3 274.5 247.0 239.8 70.1 56.4 58.4 17.3 13.2 NM
Mexico 280.0 95.6 87.7 93.5 31.7 46.0 0.9 M
Nicaragua 232.5 161.4 130.0 94.4 60.6 60.4 45.1 34.5 88.8 210.7 M
Panama 0.9 17.2 9.6 3.4 0.2 2.2 1.3 0.9 1.5 M
Paraguay 3.7 0.3 2.9 2.9 0.3 1.4 1.0 0.3 M
Peru 359.4 406.3 563.3 453.6 391.2 254.7 171.4 139.6 262.2 90.9 NM
Saint Lucia 3.0 6.0 NM
St. Vincent 8.6 M
St. Kitts and Nevis 3.4 3.7 0.0 MAnnex III G/L/417
Page 81Country/Region 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 LDC NFI MEM
Suriname 36.2 22.0 29.8 20.0 12.0 21.8 M
Uruguay 20.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 M
Europe and CIS 2,249.1 999.7 3,066.3 7,203.9 3,705.9 2,955.1 1,311.7 1,062.8 871.8 5,289.0 
Albania 238.4 710.0 657.8 40.3 10.5 22.9 17.3 29.1 11.8 M
Armenia 82.9 87.7 356.9 475.7 168.8 144.8 117.8 13.3
Azerbaijan 1.4 9.4 229.2 391.2 115.7 28.7 68.1 34.7
Belarus 156.6 336.6 138.6 98.3 39.1 0.0
Bosnia 1.1 22.7 8.4 79.1 89.7 87.2
Bulgaria 323.5 0.0 110.2 49.3 0.0 14.7 10.7 4.9 M
Croatia 11.9 13.7 28.8 30.2 1.4
Estonia 0.5 363.6 55.0 M
FYROM 46.0 95.5
Georgia 100.1 353.4 856.8 598.1 265.8 173.4 120.9 73.6 M
Kazakhstan 7.8 60.8 2.4 1.0 0.7 5.0 7.0
Kyrgyz Rep. 56.3 118.1 91.6 150.4 67.7 88.2 38.4 81.9 M
Latvia 417.5 207.1 M
Lithuania 379.3 446.2 64.0 40.3 36.0 30.0
Moldova 72.1 58.6 111.9 244.2 48.4 7.2 59.4 27.5
Poland 1,606.4 11.6 216.0 0.0 M
Romania 642.8 308.1 119.2 225.6 3.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 M
Russia 368.6 3,407.0 913.9 124.8 79.4 54.5 16.9 4,426.3
Slovenia 3.0 M
Tajikistan 58.6 83.5 99.2 226.1 121.8 134.9 117.1 60.5
Turkmenistan 6.5 45.7 51.0 53.3 39.7 2.8
U.S.S.R 117.5
Ukraine 0.1 352.9 96.0 120.0 36.3 53.3 39.9
Uzbekistan 0.2 0.2 1.8 1.0 0.4 33.4
Ex-Yugoslavia 0.2 165.4 372.1 537.4 383.7 232.0 231.3 125.1 335.5
Asia 2,794.9 2,700.5 2,663.8 2,187.9 2,515.9 2,388.7 2,010.6 2,821.9 3,234.2 4,903.1 
Afghanistan 42.7 29.2 81.4 134.3 93.6 133.2 121.0 238.5 68.0 125.8 #
Bangladesh 1,050.2 1,083.0 976.2 395.6 1,095.4 590.3 575.0 712.8 879.7 1,324.6 #M
Bhutan 5.1 5.8 4.6 4.1 3.2 6.4 4.8 5.2 4.8 4.6 #G/L/417 Annex III
Page 82
Country/Region 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 LDC NFI MEM
Cambodia 25.0 18.0 76.3 99.3 67.7 91.5 48.5 44.6 36.9 27.0 #
China 78.2 137.6 143.5 180.1 147.1 127.8 133.6 132.2 89.2 351.8
East Timor 7.5
Hong Kong, China 12.4 M
India 382.2 250.1 325.9 390.4 360.0 398.3 359.1 300.3 330.9 348.4 M
Indonesia 56.2 59.1 44.2 42.5 36.9 18.6 0.0 0.0 730.0 792.7 M
Korea, Dpr 544.5 510.1 914.5 785.6 993.9
Laos 12.5 3.0 14.3 26.9 16.9 54.9 19.1 9.5 #
Malaysia 0.4 5.1 4.1 0.3 M
Maldives 2.4 3.2 3.1 2.2 1.4 2.6 3.5 2.7 3.0 4.9 #M
Mongolia 13.6 15.7 38.8 3.9 11.7 8.5 22.3 21.3 39.0 M
Myanmar 0.1 1.8 4.0 3.6 5.3 2.9 8.4 #M
Nepal 7.8 5.9 18.1 42.4 31.1 38.5 35.4 32.1 41.9 61.8 #M
Pakistan 461.9 358.3 324.6 210.8 140.2 118.8 53.6 182.0 57.6 449.1 NM
Papua New Guinea 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.0 3.4 8.0 M
Philippines 160.5 165.7 157.3 136.8 129.4 55.0 34.0 12.8 72.2 128.0 M
Samoa 2.8 5.6 #
Solomon Islands 0.0 #M
Sri Lanka 309.5 304.5 266.1 412.3 306.5 148.2 72.8 91.2 31.6 118.6 NM
Thailand 147.7 190.6 92.6 33.6 8.1 2.4 0.1 1.1 8.3 2.3 M
Vanuatu 0.0 #
Vietnam 61.8 70.8 99.4 61.6 74.9 69.8 30.0 69.3 47.8 97.2
Global total 13,150.8 12,818.2 15,277.3 17,319.3 12,891.3 10,201.1 7,247.5 7,377.8 8,278.2 14,501.3
Notes:
LDC least-developed country (#)
NFI net food-importing developing country, as listed in G/AG/5/Rev.3 dated 28 June 1999 (N).
MEM WTO Member (M).
Source: WFP Food Aid Monitor: 1999 Food Aid Flows, special issue, May 2000 from the Internet (www.wfp.org).Annex III G/L/417
Page 83
Attachment 5
Food aid deliveries to WTO Members and non-Members, 1996-99
(million tonnes, cereals in grain equivalent)
1996 1997 1998 1999
Members 4.3 4.1 5.2 6.0
Non-Members
    of which:2.9 3.3 3.0 8.5
    Least-developed countries 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.8
    Others 1.9 2.2 1.8 6.7
Global total 7.2 7.4 8.2 14.5
Notes: Includes cereals in grain equivalent and non-cereals in product weight (see Table 5).
Source: WFP Food Aid Monitor: 1999 Food Aid Flows, special issue, May 2000 from the Internet (www.wfp.org).G/L/417 Annex III
Page 84
Attachment 6
Technical and financial assistance under paragraph 3(iii) of the Decision, 1995-99
Notifying
MemberProgramme Currency 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Argentina Total technical assistance           0  n.a.  n.a  n.a. n.a.
Australia Total A$ mill. 351.8 400.4 263.0 147.4* NNR
AusAID multilateral core funding 227.0 230.5 161.9 67.6
AusAID regional funding 11.4 9.7 8.1
AusAID bilateral 24.2 48.1 44.533.8
AusAID scholarships 42.0 18.1 30.4 1.3
AusAID humanitarian relief 13.4 81.5 7.2 11.0
ACIAR multilateral programmes 24.0 9.4 8.9
ACIAR bilateral programmes 9.8 3.2 2.124.9
NGOs 4.4
Other government departments 4.4
Canada Total C$ mill. 299.3 271.3 290.9    275.2 NNR
CIDA multilateral core funding 253.4 215.8 243.3    228.9
CIDA bilateral programmes 25.2 25.3 16.9      18.9
CIDA Canadian Partnership Branch 8.3 5.8 5.4        4.0
IDRC bilateral programming 4.5 3.6 3.2        2.7
DFAIT multilateral core funding 7.9 20.8 22.1      20.6
EC Total ECU mill.  n.a.  n.a.  n.a.  n.a. NNR
EDF- ACP countries    465.9    180.0    156.0    238.0
Development projects with other
countries**   651.1    679.4 1,161.4
Japan Total US$ mill. 434.3 688.2 395.8    327.1 NNR
Grant aid 268.1 202.1 158.0    177.9
Technical cooperation 107.1 129.7 114.4      94.6
ODA loans 59.1 356.5 123.4      54.7
New Zealand Total NZ$ mill. 3.3 4.2 5.9        5.4 NNR
Multilateral core funding/other
multilateral1.5 2.4 3.8        2.4
Regional 0.7 0.5 0.3        0.1
Bilateral 1.1 1.4 1.8        2.4
Emergency food aid  n.a.  n.a.  n.a.        0.5
Norway Total NOK mill. 648.6 718.9 818.5    990.5 NNR
WFP contribution 213.0 219.0 208.2    210.0
Bilateral programmes 285.8 297.7 338.1 459.1
Emergency relief aid 149.8 202.2 272.2    321.4
South Africa Total bilateral aid '000 Rand 705.6 355.0 865.0 1,063.2 NNR
Switzerland Global total international cooperation SFr mill. 1,356.9 1,373.3 1,334.9 1,403.6 NNR
Bilateral ODA – Africa n.a. 280.9 269.6 253.9
Bilateral ODA – Asia n.a. 249.6 216.5 236.1
Bilateral ODA – Latin America n.a. 118.4 100.4 100.8
USA Total US$ mill. 1,080.1 889.1 1,256.6 1,025.3 NNR
USAID global assistance to agriculture 88.0 37.1 33.6      34.4
USAID bilateral assistance to
agriculture157.7 n.a. n.a. n.a.
Contributions to multilateral
organizations829.5 846.4 1217.5    985.8
Cochran Fellowship Program 0.3 0.3 0.3        0.6
Peace Corps 4.7 5.2 5.2        4.4Annex III G/L/417
Page 85
Abbreviations:
n.a. not applicable
NNR no notification receivedAusAID Australian Agency for International Development Agency
ACIAR Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research
CIDA Canadian International Development AgencyIDRC International Development Research CentreDFAIT Department of Foreign Affairs & International Trade
EDF European Development Fund
ODA Official Development Assistance
Notes: Annual reporting periods differ among Members.
* Australia's aid figures in 1995-97 are for all recipient countries; in 1998 the entry is for LDCs and net food-
importing  developing countries only.   The global total in 1998 is A$264.3 million.** EC aid does not include aid provided by member States. The data on "development projects with othercountries" refer to calendar years 1995 and/or 1996 (ECU 651.1 million) and 1996 and/or 1997 (ECU 679.4
million).
For further details, see NF:1 notifications.G/L/417 Annex III
Page 86
Attachment 7
Indices of primary commodity prices, 1990-2000 (1990=100) 1
Non-Fuel Primary Commodities 3/
Non-fuel Agricultural
Primary Food Beverages Raw Metals FertilizersAll
Primary
Commodities
2/
Commodities Materials 4/Petroleum
5/
(weights) (100.0) (32.9) (6.8) (32.3) (26.7) (1.3)
---------------------------------------------------------------- in terms of U.S. dollars-------------------------------------- ------------------------
1990 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
1991 90.1 94.3 99.1 93.5 96.4 85.7 103.2 84.3
1992 89.5 94.4 101.3 80.5 99.0 83.7 98.0 82.8
1993 86.4 96.1 99.9 85.6 115.0 71.9 83.0 73.0
1994 92.2 109.0 105.1 149.7 125.9 83.8 89.6 69.4
1995 99.8 118.1 113.6 151.1 131.3 100.2 99.1 74.8
1996 104.9 116.7 127.5 124.9 127.7 88.2 112.7 88.6
1997 100.7 113.0 114.0 165.5 119.0 91.5 113.9 83.9
1998 79.7 96.4 99.7 140.3 99.5 76.6 117.1 56.9
1999 84.8 89.6 84.1 110.5 101.8 75.5 112.4 78.3
97 Q4 96.2 106.6 110.6 157.8 108.6 86.0 113.3 82.0
98 Q1 85.2 102.4 106.7 165.1 102.7 80.2 117.1 61.6
98 Q2 81.3 98.6 102.2 141.8 101.9 78.2 117.9 57.8
98 Q3 77.3 92.4 93.4 129.1 96.7 75.4 117.9 56.6
98 Q4 75.1 92.4 96.3 125.4 96.8 72.8 115.5 51.6
99 Q1 73.1 89.5 89.5 119.3 99.4 68.6 115.4 50.7
99 Q2 80.3 88.0 83.4 110.9 99.8 72.4 115.1 69.8
99 Q3 88.9 88.8 81.4 98.6 101.7 78.8 111.2 89.1
99 Q4 97.1 92.3 82.1 113.2 106.1 82.1 107.8 103.6
00 Q1 103.0 93.7 84.5 102.8 106.1 87.4 106.6 115.6
00 Q2 102.4 92.0 84.1 95.5 106.5 82.7 106.9 116.7
00 Q3 105.9 88.3 80.2 88.6 98.1 85.6 108.0 129.9
Oct-98 77.6 92.1 95.8 123.3 96.4 73.5 116.6 57.7
Nov-98 75.6 93.2 97.8 126.4 96.9 73.5 115.3 51.7
Dec-98 72.1 91.7 95.3 126.3 96.9 71.3 114.7 45.3
Jan-99 73.5 91.3 94.2 124.2 99.3 68.6 115.9 49.3
Feb-99 71.0 88.8 88.5 118.1 98.7 68.6 115.2 46.8
Mar-99 74.6 88.3 86.0 115.6 100.3 68.5 115.2 56.0
Apr-99 79.6 87.7 84.8 110.9 98.0 71.6 115.2 68.5
May-99 81.0 88.9 83.3 112.3 101.3 73.8 115.2 70.3
Jun-99 80.3 87.4 81.9 109.7 100.2 71.9 114.8 70.7
Jul-99 84.4 86.4 77.6 100.7 99.6 76.7 112.2 81.7
Aug-99 88.4 88.7 82.5 98.0 100.9 78.2 111.4 88.0
Sep-99 93.9 91.3 84.2 97.2 104.6 81.7 110.1 97.6
Oct-99 93.8 91.7 82.5 105.5 106.7 80.9 109.6 96.6
Nov-99 97.9 92.2 82.4 116.4 105.7 81.5 106.9 105.5
Dec-99 99.5 92.8 81.5 117.6 105.8 84.0 106.9 108.7
Jan-00 100.1 93.3 84.4 106.4 103.1 88.4 106.9 109.4
Feb-00 104.2 94.3 85.2 101.0 106.9 88.1 105.9 117.9
Mar-00 104.7 93.7 84.0 101.1 108.2 85.6 106.9 119.7
Apr-00 96.7 92.1 84.9 97.2 106.4 81.9 106.9 102.9
May-00 103.6 92.8 84.6 97.0 107.6 83.4 106.9 118.2
Jun-00 107.1 91.0 82.7 92.2 105.6 82.7 106.9 129.0
Jul-00 103.2 89.6 79.3 92.9 103.2 84.5 107.3 121.6
Aug-00 105.1 88.4 79.6 86.6 100.4 84.4 108.4 127.9
Sep-00 109.5 87.0 81.8 86.5 90.8 88.0 108.4 140.2
 Notes :1Weights are based on 1987-89 average world export earnings.
2Petroleum and non-fuel primary commodities index. The weights are 57 per cent for the index of non-fuel primary commodities
prices and 43 per cent for the index of petroleum prices.
3Indices comprise 39 price series for 33 non-fuel primary commodities.
4Includes forestry products.
5Spot crude. Average of UK Brent, Dubai, and West Texas Intermediate, equally weighted.
Source: International Monetary Fund (www.imf.org/external/np/res/commod/index.htm).Annex III G/L/417
Page 87
Attachment 8
Commodity price data, 1998-2000
Annual averages Quarterly averages Monthly averages
Commodity Unit Jan-
DecJan-
DecJul-
SepOct-
DecJan-
MarApr-
JunJul-
SepJul Aug Sep
  1998 1999 1999 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
Beverages            
Cocoa ¢/kg 167.6 113.5 105.7 95.4 90.0 92.7 91.2 96.7 88.7 88.3
Coffee, arabica ¢/kg 298.1 229.1 198.8 244.0 231.7 202.2 176.4 192.6 169.6 167.1
Coffee, robusta ¢/kg 182.3 148.9 135.4 138.4 109.0 96.6 86.6 90.0 84.3 85.6
Tea, average 3 auctions ¢/kg 204.6 183.9 190.8 195.8 180.6 187.7 198.0 204.8 195.1 194.1
Tea, Calcutta auctions ¢/kg 216.5 206.8 224.9 216.6 158.4 189.8 208.6 236.0 199.7 190.0
Tea, Colombo auctions ¢/kg 207.5 164.9 170.7 182.9 182.0 169.9 174.9 167.5 175.6 181.5
Tea, Mombasa auctions ¢/kg 189.9 180.0 176.9 187.8 201.5 202.9 210.6 211.0 210.0 210.8
Fats and Oils            
Coconut oil $/mt 657.9 737.1 681.3 698.7 599.0 489.3 367.7 400.0 371.0 332.0
Copra $/mt 411.1 461.5 433.7 433.3 410.0 324.0 260.0 284.0 274.0 222.0
Groundnut oil $/mt 909.4 787.7 781.7 805.3 773.0 728.7 668.0 681.0 667.0 656.0
Palm oil $/mt 671.1 436.0 353.7 368.3 343.0 337.0 302.0 312.0 306.0 288.0
Palmkernel oil $/mt 686.7 694.1 656.7 686.0 588.0 492.0 364.3 401.0 366.0 326.0
Soybean meal $/mt 170.3 152.2 152.3 170.7 182.3 186.3 181.3 175.0 176.0 193.0
Soybean oil $/mt 625.9 427.3 406.3 384.0 363.3 345.3 327.0 340.0 329.0 312.0
Soybeans $/mt 243.3 201.7 196.3 200.0 214.3 223.0 201.3 197.0 198.0 209.0
Grains            
Maize $/mt 102.0 90.2 85.4 86.1 94.5 92.0 77.1 75.3 75.6 80.4
Rice, Thai, 5% $/mt 304.2 248.4 244.3 226.3 236.1 203.1 184.8 189.0 186.5 179.0
Rice, Thai, 25% $/mt 259.9 216.3 217.9 196.1 196.0 171.8 163.6 165.6 164.3 161.0
Rice, Thai, 35% $/mt 249.7 210.5 212.7 190.6 188.7 166.1 159.5 161.2 160.0 157.3
Rice,Thai, A1.Special $/mt 213.0 192.6 201.1 165.7 155.5 143.7 143.4 142.8 143.8 143.7
Sorghum $/mt 98.0 84.4 79.5 79.6 90.3 88.5 77.7 73.7 76.8 82.7
Wheat, Canada $/mt 162.9 151.3 148.2 148.0 149.2 148.0 138.9 140.1 136.4 140.3
Wheat, US, HRW $/mt 126.1 112.0 109.2 106.4 106.5 110.3 111.6 109.0 108.4 117.5
Wheat, US, SRW $/mt 111.5 96.3 93.4 95.9 98.6 99.6 93.3 91.2 90.9 97.9
Other Food            
Bananas, EU $/mt 1,005.0 850.4 745.8 739.0 889.8 720.7 611.0 635.4 621.4 576.2
Bananas, US $/mt 489.5 373.8 351.6 336.4 514.4 428.1 354.1 306.6 334.1 421.6
Beef ¢/kg 172.6 184.3 192.5 192.1 196.8 197.7 188.2 191.6 190.7 182.3
Fishmeal $/mt 661.9 392.5 369.3 404.0 405.7 396.7 419.7 423.0 417.0 419.0
Lamb ¢/kg 275.0 261.0 267.1 266.7 270.8 261.4 254.6 257.7 258.1 248.2
Oranges $/mt 442.4 438.2 474.8 399.1 323.9 391.7 385.9 401.8 392.3 363.6
Shrimp ¢/kg 1,579 1,461 1,485 1,473 1,493 1,510 1,508 1,510 1,510 1,503
Sugar, EU, domestic ¢/kg 59.75 59.17 58.55 59.65 58.77 56.18 54.22 55.15 55.07 52.45
Sugar, US, domestic ¢/kg 48.64 46.60 47.01 40.05 39.06 42.32 42.09 41.51 41.63 43.14
Sugar, world ¢/kg 19.67 13.81 13.06 14.14 11.80 15.63 22.04 21.25 23.02 21.85
Other Raw Materials            
Cotton, "A Index" ¢/kg 144.5 117.1 113.8 101.3 116.5 131.3 133.0 128.7 134.2 135.9
Cotton, Memphis ¢/kg 165.8 123.0 n.q. 120.5 135.5 150.5 148.9 n.q. 149.3 148.5
Jute $/mt 258.0 276.3 295.0 300.3 299.3 286.7 261.3 268.8 255.0 260.0
Rubber, Malaysia ¢/kg 72.2 62.9 55.6 68.1 70.1 71.4 68.3 66.8 70.2 67.9
Rubber, US ¢/kg 89.5 80.9 74.6 87.7 85.8 82.8 82.2 80.8 83.4 82.3
Rubber, Singapore ¢/kg 70.9 62.0 55.9 66.9 68.8 68.7 65.5 64.8 66.1 65.7
Sisal $/mt 820.8 691.5 647.5 607.7 558.3 638.9 650.0 650.0 650.0 650.0
Wool ¢/kg 429.0 398.8 414.2 412.5 410.8 437.3 451.7 455.0 450.0 450.0
Note: In US$ or US cent per unit. For detailed commodity notes, see  www.worldbank.org/prospects/pinksheets/pink0400.htm.
Source: World Bank.G/L/417
Page 88
Annex IV
INTERNATIONAL/INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS
Requests for Observer Status in the Committee on Agriculture*
Revision
This document lists the international/intergovernmental organizations which have been
accorded or which have requested observer status in the Committee on Agriculture.
International/Intergovernmental Organizations having observer status
International Grains Council (IGC)
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)United Nations World Food Programme (WFP)
World Bank
International/Intergovernmental Organizations requesting observer status 1
African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States (ACP Group)
Asian and Pacific Coconut Community (APCC)
Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
Convention on Biological Diversity
Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC)Inter-American Development Bank
Inter-American Institute for Agricultural Cooperation (IICA)
Latin American Economic System (SELA)
South Centre
South Pacific Forum
__________
                                                     
1Members wishing to consult the communica tions sent to the Secretariat by the
international/intergovernmental organizations concerned are invited to contact the Agriculture and Commodities
Division, Office 1035.
* (G/AG/W/29/Rev.4, dated 25 September 2000.)