WORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATIONGATS/SC/127
5 October 1999
(99-4123)
Trade in Services
THE REPUBLIC OF ESTONIA
Schedule of Specific Commitments
(This is authentic in English only)
_______________GATS/SC/127
Page 2REPUBLIC OF ESTONIA - SCHEDULE OF SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS
Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of Natural Persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments
I. HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
All Sectors (4) Unbound, except for measures concerning
temporary entry and stay in Estonia of natural
persons (hereafter ‘persons’) supplying the
services listed in the part of SpecificCommitments of this schedule (hereafter ‘specificservices’) and who are nationals of anothermember and who fall into the categories listedbelow:1,2) Only Estonian taxpayers, i.e. those legal
persons registered under Estonian Law and
Estonian citizens are eligible for national
subsidies of Estonia.
(4) Unbound except for measures concerning
the categories of natural persons referred to inthe column “Limitations on market access”.
Section 1:Essential persons transferred toEstonia within a business or companyproviding the specific services (intra-corporate transferees) as of the year 1999:
Section 1 covers employees of a company
(hereafter ‘enterprise’) providing the specific
services in Estonia through a branch, subsidiary
or affiliate of this enterprise established inEstonia and who have been beforehandemployees of this enterprise based outsideEstonia for a period with the duration of no lessthan one year immediately preceding the date of
submitting their application for entry and stay in
Estonia:
(a) Executives and senior managers:  persons
who primarily direct the enterprise or one
of its departments and who receive only
general supervision or direction from high-level executives, the board of directors orthe stockholders of this enterprise.Executives and senior managers do notdirectly perform tasks related to the actual
provision of the specific services by their
enterprise.GATS/SC/127
Page 3Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of Natural Persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments
(b) Specialists:  highly qualified persons who,
within their enterprise, are essentially
needed for the provision of a specificservice by reason of their knowledge at anadvanced level of expertise in the field ofservices, research equipment, techniquesor management of this enterprise. (The
category of specialists may include, but is
not limited to, members of licensedprofessions.)
Entry and stay in Estonia for the personscovered by Section 1 is limited to a three-year period that may be extended for up to
two additional years for a total term not to
exceed five years.
Section 2: Other esse ntial persons entering
and staying in Estonia:
(a) Services  Salespersons:  Persons employed
or mandated by an enterprise and who staytemporarily in Estonia in order to concludethe contract for the sale of a service onbehalf of the enterprise which employs
them or has mandated them. Services
salespersons may not sell services directlyto the general public, supply servicesthemselves or on their own behalf receiveremuneration from a source located withinEstonia.
(b) Persons responsible for setting up of a
commercial presence of an enterprise in
Estonia:  Persons who are employees of
and receive remuneration from anenterprise not having commercial presence
in Estonia and who are therefore entering
Estonia for the purpose of setting up of acommercial presence of this enterprise inEstonia. These persons should haveGATS/SC/127
Page 4Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of Natural Persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments
been beforehand employees of this
enterprise based outside Estonia for a
period with the duration of no less thanone year immediately preceding the date ofsubmitting their application for entry andstay in Estonia. Persons responsible for thesetting-up of a commercial presence may
not engage in making direct sales to the
general public, supply services themselvesor on their own behalf receiveremuneration from a source located withinEstonia.
(c) Employees of an enterprise engaged in
substantive business: Persons who are
employees of and receive remunerationfrom an enterprise based outside Estoniaand not having commercial presence inEstonia, which has concluded a services
contract with an enterprise engaged in
substantive business activities in Estonia,and who have been beforehand employeesof this enterprise based outside Estonia fora period with the duration of no less thanone year immediately preceding the date of
submitting their application for entry and
stay in Estonia, and who in Estonia, asprofessionals and on behalf of theenterprise outside Estonia, provide aservice belonging to any of the threesectors as set out below. As a further
requirement five years of working
experience in a related field is required.Individual services providers not employedby such enterprise based outside Estoniaare considered as persons seeking access tothe employment market of Estonia and do
not fall in this category.GATS/SC/127
Page 5Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of Natural Persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments
Service sectors:
Architectural, Engineering and other
  Technical Services (CPC 867)
Management Consulting Services
  (CPC 865)
Services related to Management
  Consulting (CPC866)
Entry for the persons covered by Section II islimited to a maximum duration of ninety days of
stay in Estonia per every period of six months.
II. COMMITMENTS IN SPECIFIC SECTORS
1. Business Services
A. Professional Services
(a) Legal Services
(CPC 861;  does notinclude CPC 86190)(1) Unbound
(2) None(3) Commercial presence is restricted to sole
proprietorships or to law firms with limited
liability, in which cases permission is neededfrom the Bar Association (Advokatuur) .
According to the Bar Statute (Advokatuuri
põhimäärus) only Estonian nationals are
allowed to establish a lawyer's office. To get
accepted into the Bar Association the
following requirements should be met:(1) Unbound
(2) None(3) Unbound
(a) two years’ work experience as anassistant to a barrister at law;GATS/SC/127
Page 6Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of Natural Persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments
(b) passing of a relevant examination;
(c) work for three years as a senior
assistant. After that it is possible to pass alawyer’s exam (excellent knowledge of theEstonian law and excellent proficiency inthe Estonian language are required).
Notaries Public are persons performing a
public service; they are appointed by theMinistry of Justice.
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
Other legal advisory andinformation services(CPC 86190) including:
(a) Practice of International 
Law(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in thehorizontal section.
(b) Practice of law of
jurisdiction whereservice supplier qualifiesas a lawyer under a
relevant authority of this
jurisdiction.
(Such consultancy excludesthe following:(i) appearing for a person
other than himself or
herself as attorney in anycourt, or before anymagistrate or otherjudicial officer of theRepublic of Estonia;GATS/SC/127
Page 7Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of Natural Persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments
(ii) preparing any instrument
effecting the transfer or
registration of title toreal estate located inEstonia;
(iii)  preparing any will or
trust instrument
effecting the disposition
of any property locatedin the Republic ofEstonia and owned by aresident thereof, or anyinstrument relating to
the administration of
such property;
(iv) preparing any instrument
in respect of the marital
or parental relations,
rights, or duties of aresident of the Republicof Estonia, or thecustody or care ofchildren of such a
resident.(otherwise
according to CPC86190))
(b) Accounting, Auditing
and Bookkeeping
services (CPC 862)(1) None
(2) None
(3) None
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None
(3) None
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
(c) Taxation services   
(CPC 863)(1) None
(2) None
(3) None
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None
(3) None
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.GATS/SC/127
Page 8Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of Natural Persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments
(d) Architectural,
Engineering and Other
Technical Services(CPC 867)(1) None
(2) None
(3) None
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None
(3) None except that at least one responsible
person (project manager or consultant)must be resident of Estonia
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.
(e) Medical and Dental
Services (CPC 9312)(1) Unbound
(2) None(3) Unbound
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.(1) Unbound
(2) None(3) Unbound, except any professionals
trained outside Estonia are required topresent a certificate of auxiliary trainingcourses of Tartu University. This
requirement also applies to Estonian
nationals trained abroad.
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.
B. Computer and Related
Services
(CPC Division 84)(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
C. Research and
Development Services(CPC Division 85)(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
E. Rental/Leasing Services
without Operator(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.GATS/SC/127
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Sector or subsector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments
(e) Other (CPC 832)
including pre-recorded
video cassettes for use inhome entertainmentequipment (CPC 83202)(1) None
(2) None
(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None
(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.
F. Other Business
(a) Advertising Services
(CPC 871)(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
(b) Market Research and
Opinion polling
(CPC 864)(1) None
(2) None
(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None
(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
(c) Management Consulting
Services (CPC 865)(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
(d) Services Related to
Management Consulting(CPC 866)(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.
(e) Technical Testing and
Analysis Services(CPC 8676)(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.GATS/SC/127
Page 10Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of Natural Persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments
(i) Consulting Services
Relating to
Manufacturing (part ofCPC 884 + part of  885except for 88442)(1) None
(2) None
(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None
(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
(n) Maintenance and Repair
of Equipment (not
including maritime
vessels, aircraft, or othertransport equipment)
(CPC 633 + 8861-8866)(1) None
(2) None
(3) None
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None
(3) None
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
(p) Photographic Services
(CPC 876) (except aerial
photography of theterritory of the Republicof Estonia)(1) None
(2) None
(3) Unbound(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.(1) Unbound
(2) None
(3) Unbound(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
(r) Printing, Publishing
(CPC 88442)(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
(s) Convention Services
(part of CPC 87909)(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
2. COMMUNICATION 
SERVICES
 B. Courier Services
(CPC 7512)(1) None
(2) None(3) None
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None(3) None
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.GATS/SC/127
Page 11Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of Natural Persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments
 C. Telecommunication
Services Domestic and
international servicesprovided using anynetwork technology(wire based or wirelessincluding satellite), in a
facilities based or resale
basis, in the followingmarket segments.
 Estonia undertakes, as of six months
from Estonia’s accession to the
WTO, the additional commitmentsas contained in the Reference Paperattached hereto.
The commitments taken by Estonia are based on the scheduling principles provided by the following documents:
- “Notes for Scheduling Basic Telecom Services Commitments” (S/GBT/W/2/REV.1), and,
- “Market Access Limitations on Spectrum Availability” (S/GBT/W/3)
 (a) Voice Telephone
Services (CPC 7521)
 (d) Telex services
(CPC7523)
 (e) Telegraph services
(CPC7522)
 (g) Leased circuit services,
including private leasedcircuit services(CPC7522 + 
CPC7523)
 For public use
 For non-public use
 (1),(3) None, except that domestic intercity and
international services have to be switchedover the public telephone network of theEstonian Telephone Company Ltd.
according to the Concession Agreement
between the Government of the Republic ofEstonia and the Estonian TelephoneCompany. As of 1 January 2003 None
(2) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.(1) None
(3) None
(2) None
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
 (b) Packet switched data
transmission services(CPC7523)
 (c) Circuit switched data
transmission
services(CPC7523)
 (f) Facsimile services
(CPC7521 + 7529)
 (h) Electronic mail
(CPC 7523)(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.GATS/SC/127
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Sector or subsector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments
 (i) Voice mail (CPC 7523)
 (j) On-line information and
data base retrieval(CPC 7523)
 (k) Electronic data
interchange (CPC 7523)
 (l) Enhanced /value-added
facsimile services
(including store andforward, store andretrieve)
 (CPC 7523)
 (m) Code and protocol
conversion
 (n) On-line information
and/or data processing(including transactionprocessing) (CPC 843)
 (o) Other services:
Mobile and personal
communications servicesand systems (CPC 75213(comprising alsoCPC7523 and CPC75291))
(a) Analogue/Digital
cellular services
(b) PCS(Personal
CommunicationsServices)(1),(3) None, except that domestic intercity and
international interconnection of a mobile
network with another mobile or fixednetwork has to be switched over the publictelephone network of the EstonianTelephone Company Ltd. according to theConcession Agreement between the
Government of the Republic of Estonia
and the Estonian Telephone Company. Asof 1 January 2003 None.
(2) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section(1) None
(3) None
(2) None
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
(c) Mobile data services
Paging services
3. CONSTRUCTION
SERVICES
(CPC Division 51+52)(1) None
(2) None(3) None
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None(3) None except that at least one responsible
person (project manager or consultant)
must be resident of Estonia.
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.GATS/SC/127
Page 13Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of Natural Persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments
4. DISTRIBUTION
SERVICES
A. Commission Agents' 
Services (CPC division 621)(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in thehorizontal section.
B. Wholesale Trade
Services (CPC division622)(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
C. Retailing Services
(CPC 631; 632; 633;6111; 6113; 6121),including  audio and
video records and tapes
(CPC 63234)(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
D. Franchising (CPC 8929) (1) None
(2) None(3) None
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None(3) None
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.
5. EDUCATIONAL 
SERVICES
Private Education Services
with the length of student
participation not exceedingsix months(1) None
(2) None
(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None
(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
Compulsory Education
Services (primary and
secondary I)(1) None
(2) None
(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None
(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.GATS/SC/127
Page 14Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of Natural Persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments
–N o n  C o m p u l s o r y
Secondary Education
Services(1) None
(2) None
(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None
(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
– Higher Education
Services (CPC 923)(1) None
(2) None(3) None
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None(3) None
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
– Adult Education
Services (CPC 924)(1) None
(2) None(3) None
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None(3) None
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
– Other Adult Education
Services not Provided by
the State(1) None
(2) None
(3) None
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None
(3) None
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
6. ENVIRONMENTAL
SERVICES
Sewage and Refuse Disposal,Sanitation and OtherEnvironmental ProtectionServices (CPC Division 94)(include: Sewage services
(contracted by private
industry),Refuse disposal services(contracted by privateindustry), Sanitation andsimilar services, and(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.GATS/SC/127
Page 15Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of Natural Persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments
Other environmental services
(include Cleaning services of
exhaust gases; Noiseabatement services; Natureand landscape protectionservices)).
Other environmental services (1) None
(2) None
(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None
(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
7. FINANCIAL 
SERVICES
A. Insurance (including
reinsurance) and pensionfund services, except
compulsory  social
security services
(i) Direct insurance
(A) Life insurance and
pension fund services
Life insurance services(1) None
(2) None(3) None(1) None
(2) None(3) None, except the management body of an
insurance joint-stock company with
foreign capital participation may includecitizens of foreign countries in proportionto the foreign participation, but not morethan half of the members of themanagement group; the head of the
management of a subsidiary or an
independent company must permanentlyreside in Estonia.
(B) Non-life insurance
services(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
(ii) Reinsurance and
retrocession(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.GATS/SC/127
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Sector or subsector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments
(iii) Insurance
intermediation, such as
brokerage and agency(1) None
(2) None
(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None
(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
(iv) Services auxiliary to
insurance, such as
consultancy, actuarial,
risk assessment andclaim settlementservices.(1) None
(2) None
(3) None
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None
(3) None
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
B. Banking and Other
Financial Services as
defined in the “annex onFinancial Services”
(v) Acceptance of deposits
and other repayable
funds from the public.(1) Requirement of authorisation by Eesti Pank
and registration under Estonian Law as a
joint stock company, a subsidiary or abranch.
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None
(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
(vi) Lending of all types,
including consumercredit, mortgage credit,factoring and financing
of commercial
transaction.(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
(vii) Financial leasingGATS/SC/127
Page 17Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of Natural Persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments
(viii) All payment and money
transmission services,
including credit, chargeand debit cards,travellers cheques andbankers drafts.
(ix) Guarantees and
commitments.
(x) Trading for own account
or for account ofcustomers, whether onan exchange, in an over-
the counter market or
otherwise, the following:(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
(a) money market
instruments(including cheques,
bills, certificates of
deposits);
(b) foreign exchange;
(c) derivative products
including, but notlimited to, futures
and options;
(d) exchange rate and
interest rateinstruments,including productssuch as swaps,
forward rate
agreements;
(e) transferable
securities;
(f) other negotiable
instruments and
financial assets,
including bullion.GATS/SC/127
Page 18Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of Natural Persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments
(xi) Participation in issues of
all kind of securities,
including underwritingand placement as agent(whether publicly orprivately) and provisionof services related to
such issues.(1) None
(2) None
(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None
(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
(xii) Money broking
(xiii) Asset management, such
as cash or portfoliomanagement, all forms
of collective investment
management, pensionfund management,custodial, depository andtrust services.(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
(xiv) Settlement and clearing
services for financialassets, includingsecurities, derivativeproducts, and other
negotiable instruments.(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
(xv) Provision and transfer of
financial information,and financial dataprocessing and related
software by suppliers of
other financial services.GATS/SC/127
Page 19Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of Natural Persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments
(xvi) Advisory, intermediation
and other auxiliary
financial services on allthe activities listed insubparagraphs (v)through (xv), includingcredit reference and
analysis, investment and
portfolio research andadvice, advice onacquisition and oncorporate restructuringand strategy.(1) None
(2) None
(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None
(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
8. HEALTH SERVICES
AND SOCIALSERVICES
(CPC Division 93)(1) Unbound
(2) None(3) None
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.(1) Unbound
(2) None(3) None, except professionals trained outside
Estonia are required to present a certificateof auxiliary training courses of Tartu
University. This requirement also applies
to Estonian nationals trained abroad.
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the
horizontal section.
9. TOURISM AND
TRAVEL RELATED
SERVICES
A. Hotel and Restaurant
Services(CPC Division 641-643)(1) None
(2) None(3) None
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None(3) None
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
B. Travel Agency and Tour
Operator Services (CPC7471) (Tour Guide
Services included)(1) None
(2) None(3) None
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None(3) None
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal sectionGATS/SC/127
Page 20Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of Natural Persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments
C. Tourist Guide Services
(CPC 7472)(1) None
(2) None
(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None
(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
10. RECREATIONAL,
CULTURAL AND
SPORTING SERVICES
(CPC Division 96; doesnot include CPC 96199)(1) Unbound
(2) None
(3) Unbound
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.(1) Unbound
(2) None
(3) Unbound
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
Cinema theatre operationservices (CPC 96199) (The
service specified constitutes
only part of the total range ofactivities covered by the CPCconcordance).(1) Unbound
(2) None
(3) None
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.(1) Unbound
(2) Unbound
(3) None, except for access to subsidies,
unbound
(4) None
11. TRANSPORT 
SERVICES
A. Maritime Transport 
Services
(d) Maintenance and Repair
of Vessels (CPC 8868)(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
C. Air Transport Services
(d) Maintenance and Repair
of Aircraft (CPC 8868)(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.GATS/SC/127
Page 21Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of Natural Persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments
- Sales and Marketing (1) None
(2) None
(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None
(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
E. Rail Transport Services
(d) Maintenance and Repair
of Rail TransportEquipment (CPC 8868)(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
F. Road Transport Services
(a) Maintenance and Repair
of Road TransportEquipment
(CPC 6112+8867)(1) None
(2) None(3) None
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None(3) None
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
- International Truck
transport services(1) Unbound
(2) None(3) None
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.(1) Unbound
(2) None(3) None
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
H. Services Auxiliary to All
Modes of Transport
(a) Cargo Handling Services
(CPC 741)(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.GATS/SC/127
Page 22Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of Natural Persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments
(b) Storage and Warehouse
Services (CPC 742)(1) None
(2) None
(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None
(3) None(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.
(c) Freight Transport
Agency Services
(CPC 748) and Other
Auxiliary TransportServices, In ParticularFreight InspectionServices (part of CPC749)(1) None
(2) None
(3) None
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.(1) None
(2) None
(3) None
(4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section.GATS/SC/127
Page 23
ANNEX 1
REFERENCE PAPER
(Additional Commitments by Estonia in Trade in Telecommunication Services as of
Six Months from Estonia’s Accession to the WTO)
Scope
The following are definitions and principles on the regulatory framework for the basic
telecommunications services.
Definitions
Users mean service consumers and service suppliers.
Essential facilities mean facilities of a public telecommunications transport network or service that:
(a) are exclusively or predominantly provided by a single or limited number of suppliers;
and
(b) cannot feasibly be economically or technically substituted in order to provide a
service.
A major supplier is a supplier which has the ability to materially affect the terms of participation
(having regard to price and supply) in the relevant market for basic telecommunications services as a
result of:
(a) control over essential facilities;  or(b) use of its position in the market.
1. Competitive safeguards
1.1 Prevention of anti-competitive practices in telecommunications
Appropriate measures shall be maintained for the purpose of preventing suppliers who, alone
or together, are a major supplier from engaging in or continuing anti-competitive practices.
1.2 Safeguards
The anti-competitive practices referred to above shall include in particular:
(a) engaging in anti-competitive cross-subsidization;(b) using information obtained from competitors with anti-competitive results;  and(c) not making available to other services suppliers on a timely basis technical
information about essential facilities and commercially relevant information whichare necessary for them to provide services.GATS/SC/127
Page 24
2. Interconnection
2.1 This section applies to linking with suppliers providing public telecommunications transport
networks or services in order to allow the users of one supplier to communicate with users of another
supplier and  to access services provided by another supplier, where specific commitments are
undertaken.
2.2 Interconnection to be ensured
Interconnection with a major supplier will be ensured at any technically feasible point in the
network.  Such interconnection is provided.1
(a) under non-discriminatory terms, conditions (including technical standards and
specifications) and rates and of a quality no less favourable than that provided for its
own like services or for like services of non-affiliated service suppliers or for its
subsidiaries or other affiliates;
(b) in a timely fashion, on terms, conditions (including technical standards and
specifications) and cost-oriented rates that are transparent, reasonable, having regard
to economic feasibility, and sufficiently unbundled so that the supplier need not pay
for network components or facilities that it does not require for the service to be
provided;  and
(c) upon request, at points in addition to the network termination points offered to the
majority of users, subject to charges that reflect the cost of construction of necessary
additional facilities.
2.3 Public availability of the procedures for interconnection negotiations
The procedures applicable for interconnection to a major supplier will be made publicly
available.
2.4 Transparency of interconnection arrangements
It is ensured that a major supplier will make publicly available either its interconnection
agreements or a reference interconnection offer.
2.5 Interconnection:  dispute settlement
A service supplier requesting interconnection with a major supplier will have recourse, either:(a) at any time or(b) after a reasonable period of time which has been made publicly known
to an independent domestic body, which may be a regulatory body as referred to in paragraph 5
below, to resolve disputes regarding appropriate terms, conditions and rates for interconnection within
a reasonable period of time, to the extent that these have not been established previously.
                                                     
1Suppliers of services or networks not generally available to the public, such as closed user groups,
have guaranteed rights to connect with the public telecommunications transport network or services on terms,
conditions and rates which are non-discriminatory, transparent and cost-oriented.  Such terms, conditions andrates may vary from the terms, conditions and rates applicable to interconnection between publictelecommunications networks or services.GATS/SC/127
Page 25
3. Universal service
Any Member has the right to define the kind of universal service obligation it wishes to
maintain.  Such obligations will not be regarded as anti-competitive per se , provided they are
administered in a transparent, non-discriminatory and competitively neutral manner and are not moreburdensome than necessary for the kind of universal service defined by the Member.
4. Public availability of licensing criteria
Where a licence is required, the following will be made publicly available:(a) all the licensing criteria and the period of time normally required to reach a decision
concerning an application for a licence  and
(b) the terms and conditions of  individual licences.The reasons for the denial of a licence will be made known to the applicant upon request.
5. Independent regulators
The regulatory body is separate from, and not accountable to, any supplier of basic
telecommunications services. The decisions of and the procedures used by regulators shall beimpartial with respect to all market participants.
6. Allocation and use of scarce resources
Any procedures for the allocation and use of scarce resources, including frequencies, numbers
and rights of way, will be carried out in an objective, timely, transparent and non-discriminatory
manner. The current state of allocated frequency bands will be made publicly available, but detailed
identification of frequencies allocated for specific government uses is not required.
_________