RESTRICTEDWORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATIONG/C/W/219
11 July 2000
(00-2817)
Council for Trade in Goods Original:  Spanish
REPLIES BY THE GOVERNMENT OF COLOMBIA TO QUESTIONS FROM
CANADA1 REGARDING THE TRIMS EXTENSION REQUEST
MADE BY THE GOVERNMENT OF COLOMBIA2
The following communication, dated 5 July 2000, has been received from the Permanent
Mission of Colombia.
_______________
1. Please provide detail on the measure for which extension is being requested under
Article 5.3 of the TRIMs Agreement and how it is implemented?
The programme covers the production chains of cereals, oil-seeds and vegetable oils,
including the raw materials involved in production and the intermediate and end-products obtained
from them.
2. Can agricultural goods be imported in the absence of an import licence?
All imports of agricultural products into Colombia require an import licence and, in the case
of goods subject to the absorption requirement, the right to import is only granted on the basis of
proof of the absorption of domestic production.
3. Are all importers required to purchase local agricultural products prior to obtaining an
import licence?
The acquisition of local products is mandatory and is done in order to receive an advantage:
• It is mandatory and is required under domestic legal measures of general application.
• Compliance with the TRIM is required in order to obtain authorization to import.
The advantage obtained from purchasing local products is that it gives the importer the right
to import agricultural goods in proportion to his share in the purchase of domestic production.
4. Please describe the terms and conditions for access, including the conditions that must
be met to obtain an import licence and whether these imports are subject to a tariff rate quota
and the level of applied tariffs.
The import licence authorizes the entry into the national customs area of a specific volume of
agricultural products.  The document contains a description of the product in accordance with the
nomenclature of the Harmonized System and a statement of the volume that it is wished to import.
                                                     
1 (G/C/W/207).
2 (G/C/W/169 and Add.1).G/C/W/219
Page 2
The licence is valid for a single operation to import the product described therein, although this
operation may be carried out in one or more shipments up to the volume stated.  All imports of
agricultural products into Colombia require an import licence and, in the case of goods subject to the
absorption requirement, the right to import is only  granted on the basis of proof of the absorption of
domestic production.
5. Are imports subject to Colombia’s WTO tariff rate quotas treated differently from
imports not subject to these commitments?
In general, all imports of agricultural products receive the same treatment, depending on the
internal marketing conditions and the capacity of the corresponding sector of production to create
employment, adapt itself to compete with imports or carry out reconversion.  Consequently, imports
subject to WTO tariff-rate quota commitments are treated no differently from those for which there
are no such commitments.  However, in fixing the import/export coefficients referred to in
paragraph (a), the country's WTO commitments with regard to access are taken into account, so as to
ensure the access conditions necessary for entry into the customs area of the WTO-agreed minimum
current access quotas.
6. To what agricultural products are these measures applicable?
The goods that qualify are agricultural goods from production chains in which there are
problems in marketing products of local origin.
The programme covers the production chains of cereals, oil-seeds and vegetable oils,
including the raw materials involved in production and the intermediate and end-products obtained
from them.
7. What local products must be acquired in order to meet the requirements of this
measure?  Must these be the same products for wh ich an import  licence is sought?  Must local
purchases represent a specified dollar value or percentage of the imports?
A coefficient is established relating the physical quantities imported to domestic production.
This coefficient is based on an evaluation of the volumes of internal and external purchases, the
estimated quantities of consumption and production, and the changes occurring in these parameterswithin each year.
8. Please provide statistics on a country-by-country basis of the products which have been
impacted by this measure.
See table in annex.
9. What are the current applied tariffs for whea t, barley and malt, with an import permit
and without an import permit?
Product Rate of duty (%) Average duty applied (%)
Base Bound 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Wheat 138 124 9 2 19 43 48
Barley 160 144 13 2 17 38 38
Malt 143 129 13 2 17 38 38
Colombia practises no discrimination of any kind, and tariffs are no exception to the rule.
Nor does it discriminate with respect to origin or to the beneficiary of, or applicant for, an import
licence, provided they meet the requirements concerning absorption of domestic crops.G/C/W/219
Page 3
10. Could you please provide statistics on domestic production for the products to which
these measures are applied?
Product Domestic production - thousands
of tonnes
1991 1995 1998
Rice (paddy) 1,738.6 1,784.6 1,897.6
Barley 102.4 44.9 12.1
Maize 1,273.6 1,019.7 754.6
Sorghum 738.3 553.8 189.3
Soya 193.6 95.0 72.0
Wheat 93.9 74.1 39.1
Crude palm-oil 290.9 420.8 437.2
11. The TRIMs Agreement required that deve loping countries eliminate all relevant
measures prior to 1 January  2000.  What steps has Colombia taken to achieve this objective?
What further steps are envisage d to eliminate this measure?
The creation of modern market conditions is a cultural process that needs time.  The
absorption policy has favoured understanding and information flows between the representatives of
supply and demand who have designed mechanisms to agree prices for the purchase of agriculturalraw materials. This has enabled producers to dispose of their production as required.  However, the
extension and consolidation of modern market relations in those production chains with structural
difficulties require further public and private efforts.
In some production chains, the absorption policy has made it worthwhile for the agro-industry
to supply itself with domestic raw materials, us ing the instruments provided by sectoral policy and
financial investment by the agro-industry.
One of the most prominent cases is the production chain of yellow maize – sorghum –
manioc – poultry-farming – pig-breeding, where thro ugh coordination and competitiveness it is hoped
that, with the help of a productivity package and technological assistance, by 2002 domestic
production will replace 40 per cent of current imports of yellow maize and produce 440,000 tonnes of
dry manioc under competitive conditions so as to meet part of the demand for raw materials for the
manufacture of animal feed.
The wet-milling maize industry is developing an agricultural contract project covering
3,000 hectares for the production of yellow maize in the Cauca Valley, with a view to meeting 50 per
cent of its requirements from domestic production by the end of three years.
Palm-oil producers and processors have established alliances among themselves and with
small producers with a view to strengthening the centres of production in the country and increasing
the exports of oil and its by-products.
The livestock and dairy industry is developing a competitiveness sectoral agreement that
seeks to raise the quality of its products, increase domestic milk production by 8 per cent each year,
raise annual per capita consumption from 137 to 170 litres and produce exports of at least
10,000 tonnes of powdered milk a year.
Other production chains (e.g. rice, beans, to bacco and brown sugar) are studying what they
need to do to improve their competitiveness, guar antee their market and increase their production.G/C/W/219
Page 4
Thus, the absorption policy is improving the efficiency of the producer organizations,
promoting direct links between producers and their customers, encouraging cooperation among
organizations at the grass-roots level and promotin g the introduction of new forms of social contract
and microeconomic organization within the framewor k of an increasingly internationally-oriented
economy.
Since this is a social process that requires commitments by the production chains themselves
and by the Government and the monitoring of the re sults by the Government with a view to creating
the conditions that will lead to the achievement of the objectives set, the formulation and
implementation of the strategy of competitiveness is only the beginning of the process and at the
present time few of the production chains have formulated a strategy and many still remain outside
the process.
The slow pace of change may be largely due to the normal scepticism among farmers and the
agro-industry regarding the feasibility of creating new market conditions and regarding the stability of
the political conditions that would enable the proposed programmes to be implemented.  It also
indicates the social difficulties involved in making domestic production adjust to the new economicframework.
12. Have any changes been made to the natu re and operation of this TRIM which differ
from the information provided in the official Notification (G/TRIMS/N/1/COL/2) of
September 1995?  Has the scope of products covered by these measures changed?  If so, pleasespecify.
The agricultural policy applied since January  1995 has continued up to the present without
any substantial changes.  It is a transitional policy between the model of import substitution and full
trade liberalization, which seeks to create the conditions necessary for domestic production to adjustto the new economic environment and which employs mechanisms accepted in the Agreement on
Agriculture and in Colombia's WTO commitments with  a view to encouraging the conditions for  the
development of profitable and competitive agriculture, overcoming the relative stagnation of some
subsectors and dealing with the present and future  environmental consequences of the reorganization
and restructuring of production.
Direct State intervention in the marketing of agricultural goods ended in 1991 with the end of
the monopoly on the import of such goods held by the Colombian Institute of Agricultural Marketing
(IDEMA), whose function as the buyer of last resort  of agricultural goods ended definitively in 1997,
the year in which it was abolished.
Insofar as government intervention in the market for agricultural goods had prevented the
formation of direct market relations between agricultural producers and processors, State intervention
has been necessary in order to encourage the creation of markets for agricultural goods based on the
criteria of quality, availability at the right time and price, which has required the formulation and
implementation of a policy to promote competitiveness by the productive chains, a policy which has
been intensified since 1998.
The policy to promote competitiveness seeks to establish and strengthen competition with
foreign products in local and international markets.  Insofar as this process involves the reallocation of
resources among various productive activities, the assimilation of new technologies and practices of
production and marketing and, in some cases, the relocation of production, it requires time andagreement between those making up the productive chains on the strategies and commitments that are
required.G/C/W/219
Page 5
The changes that have been introduced in recent years have been purely regulatory, with a
view to providing greater transparency in the ap plication of the requirement on absorption.  Thus,
there has been no increase in either the amount or percentage of local products that must be purchased
in order to receive an import licence.
The number of products that can be used to satisfy the policy of absorbing local production
has remained unchanged since 1995.G/C/W/219
Page 6
ANNEX
Origin of the Imports of Agricultural Products
Subject to the Absorption Policy
Volume Imported (Metric Tonnes)
COUNTRY 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Total 0207
Poultry meat2,020 7,471 10,782 9,964 10,983 13,777 12,099 6,046
United States 1,780 5,050 6,095 2,958 4,257 2,801 2,868 4,138
Venezuela 72 1,861 4,404 6,305 5,231 10,737 8,461 1,056
Ecuador 6 232 45 91 608 753
Brazil 0 44 34 97
Canada 21 13 2
Peru 1
Chile 157 659 1,494 84 94 0
Costa Rica 135 44 0 0 0
Panama 27 169 0 0
Germany 0
Netherlands Antilles 1
Colombia (Free Zone) 0.03
Denmark 2
Spain 91 0
France 01
Hungary 1
Italy 14
Miscellaneous 40 0
United Kingdom 31
Saint Vincent and the
       Grenadines 67
Free Zone of Bogota 19
Total 1001
Wheat and meslin642,616 773,690 854,850 849,457 963,625 983,254 1,013,766 1,110,686
Canada 163,721 426,270 343,225 128,740 141,686 189,205 19,900 632,267
United States 478,896 173,053 386,435 593,709 811,587 764,799 934,454 478,388
Ecuador 23 2
Mexico 0 0 0
Saudi Arabia 39,040
Argentina 174,360 70,050 7,019 28,400
Australia 45,308 2,742
Bermuda
Denmark 0
France 0 27,490
Netherlands 7,650 43,479 590 20,750
Italy 0
Miscellaneous 8,450 500
Panama 1 0
Peru 8,499 7,500
Switzerland 10,230 23,510
Venezuela 5 0
Total 1003
Barley72,160 112,377 159,342 193,117 174,532 263,492 205,799 181,027
France 52,309 25,200 68,190 22,800 0.1 65,625
Denmark 39,410
Sweden 26,250
Australia 31,700 0.02 0.05 24,900
New Zealand 24,835
Canada 46,960 60,068 20,378 26,007 106,309 120,636 7
Ecuador 1100
Germany 25,200 24,800 135,398 120,055 205,799
Bermuda
Chile 17
United States 8 6 0.1
Mexico 0
Panama 4 8
Switzerland 38,370
Uruguay 50,593G/C/W/219
Page 7
COUNTRY 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Total 1005
Maize8,043 505,621 569,751 1,043,524 1,140,903 1,698,219 1,725,088 2,010,051
United States 1,304 475,229 426,140 911,953 1,021,341 1,511,292 1,526,623 1,339,403
Argentina 83,198 25,003 9,400 54,568 31,729 450,814
Mexico 0.1 0.4 0.5 2 19.2 502.2 129,417
Venezuela 236 3,190 686 2,963 56,220 23,023 5,694 67,229
Ecuador 5,828 26,756 59,257 42,349 50,915 93,959 144,507 22,511
Brazil 0 0 0 162 22 128 279 385
Canada 675 445 469 1,577 2,981 2,826 1,879 128
Montserrat 94
Antigua and Barbuda 21 63
Guatemala 03 4
Peru 073
T h a i l a n d 0001000
Spain 0
Germany 0
Bermuda
Bolivia 12,210 13,822
Chile 22
China 9,000
Costa Rica 0
Guinea 570
Honduras 0
Israel 0
New Zealand 134
Panama 1 22 39
United Kingdom 0
Saint Vincent and the
       Grenadines 0
South Africa 49,905
Tunisia 40
Pacific Free Zone 20
Total 1006
Rice (paddy)366 116,654 100,879 409,604 213,191 231,893 276,650 465,408
United States 173 14,205 17 92,645 30,815 28,289 34,551 303,582
Ecuador 192 316 100,880 68,697 187,433 198,565 121,093
Venezuela 75,583 100,523 62,456 104,246 15,469 34,722 37,961
Bolivia 1,270
Peru 22 3,173 399 431 825 791
Guyana 7,396 554
Dominica 63
B r a z i l 2 7 62 75 25 6
Australia 26
Italy 05
Panama 1 7,891 91 4 4
Japan 0 2 1
China 1
Philippines 0
Denmark 1,930 0
Mexico 0
Argentina 0
Botswana 150
Colombia (Free Zone) 3 65 0 0
Cuba 0.3
Spain 189
France 0.1 34,511.5
Ghana 536
Netherlands
India (incl. Kashmir,     Jammu and Sik)0.0155,500
United Kingdom 2 0 0.13
Saint Vincent and the
       Grenadines38
Switzerland 21,053 21,833
Thailand 8,772 0
Vietnam 26,316 8,772
Miscellaneous 2,439 1
Malt incl. roasted 18,115 600 5,467 28,944 33,121 36,226 15,230
Czech Republic 200 8,808
France 8,000 1,059 3,004 6,000 3,200
Canada 400 7,974 18,181 23,950 3,015G/C/W/219
Page 8
COUNTRY 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
United Kingdom 1,042 45 180
United States 9,615 2,008 14,924 4 24
Chile 4
Germany 0 2,000 6,000 6,007
Australia 0
Belgium 2,000 2,940 5,993
Ecuador 500 600
Miscellaneous 28
Total 1108
Starches1,782 6,719 5,589 12,078 12,929 11,088 8,090 7,168
Netherlands 0.3 20 142 571 416 1,111 2,786
Brazil 2,762 840 884 5,620 504 380 1,760
Mexico 595 3,168 5,792 4,304 8,036 5,105 1,157
G e r m a n y 1 9 5 1 6 31033 5 5 2
Belgium 5 0 403
France 10 236 140 817 59 70 175
Denmark 30 894 252 126
Miscellaneous 120
Ecuador 27 66 109 153 358 51
United States 1,772 796 1,192 2,494 1,027 224 119 36
P e r u 40311
Venezuela 2,048 0 0 1,292 1,282 0
Canada 0
Colombia (Free Zone) 0
Greece 0
Italy 0 20
Panama 0
U n i t e d  K i n g d o m 00000
Saint Vincent and the
       Grenadines 0
S w i t z e r l a n d0 . 0 30 00
Thailand 1,800 300
North Yemen 60
Total 1109
Wheat gluten1 4 5 5 01 4 51 6 61 9 13 5 62 1 0
Netherlands 40 140 120 160 298 160
Belgium 82 5
U n i t e d  S t a t e s 0 . 3 1 05165 2 1
United Kingdom 5554
Germany 20
Argentina 1
Australia 20 20 20
Brazil 0
Canada 0
Pakistan 20
Venezuela 45
Total 1201
Soya beans69,095 118,251 150,982 158,319 128,847 245,598 214,779 164,491
Bolivia 69,095 81,600 83,055 89,974 104,828 22,974 19,111 79,907
United States 20,151 65,213 58,032 23,105 222,000 148,145 76,908
Argentina 2,625
Brazil 3,947 2,160
Peru 0.03 21,195 1,575
Venezuela       451      35       227     1,187     707
Ecuador 2,263 7,380 879 396 609
Spain 2,000
Mongolia 718
Panama 15
Paraguay 2,200
Uruguay 14,500 21,195
Total 1205
Rape-seeds2 8 72 62 63 73 9
U n i t e d  S t a t e s 2 2 72 62 63 53 0
Canada 6 2 9
Total 1206
Sunflowerseeds3 5 13 87 48 41 49 96
United States 3 5 13 42 46 40 46 84
Canada 21 2
Israel 0000
BoliviaG/C/W/219
Page 9
COUNTRY 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Spain 0 0
Panama 45 1
Total 1207
Other oil-seeds3,163 675 1,910 2,643 753 3,356 2,911 4,350
Venezuela 2,827 495 1,366 1,791 369 3,175 1,862 4,082
Mexico 1 18 861 163
Canada 20 44 81 41 99 60 75 53
Guatemala 2 3 18
Hungary 2
Côte d'Ivoire 2
C o s t a  R i c a 1 2 6 5 10121
Benin 01
Brazil 10 1
Congo 0
Italy 00
Spain 0 1 0
Papua New Guinea 0 1 3 0
G e r m a n y 01323
Australia 0 0
Bolivia 0
Colombia (Free Zone) 0
Ecuador 20 75 296 167
F r a n c e 1001023
Netherlands 0
Israel 0 0
Japan 12
Nicaragua 0
Miscellaneous 1
Panama 28 2
Peru 20 0
United Kingdom 11 0
Singapore 6
Thailand 1
Turkey 0 18
Zaire 0
Total 1208
Flours of oil-seeds32,127 90,864 81,992 74,543 72,117 101,779 84,301
Venezuela 15,387 60,018 53,570 60,830 66,711 92,023 75,366
United States 110 0 0 0 1,700 8,682
Bolivia 14,517 23,162 28,320 13,673 5,285 8,020 178
Brazil 16 21 36 42
Turkmenistan 33
Italy
Mexico00
0
Anguilla 40
Chile 769 50
Miscellaneous 1,344
Tunisia 46 35
Uruguay 7,684
Vietnam 40
Yugoslavia 16
Total 1502
Fats of bovine animals41,902 40,818 32,738 23,723 16,201 47,081 33,500 57,931
United States 41,902 40,818 32,648 20,124 16,201 47,081 33,500 56,733
Canada 1,198
Colombia (Free Zone) 3,599
France 0
Venezuela 90
Total 1503
Lard stearin9 1 184 1 05 1 0
U n i t e d  S t a t e s 9884 1 05 1 0
Spain 3
Total 1506
Other animal fats and oils13,543 13,049 17,999 20,937 16,556 9,343 12,096 3,377
United Kingdom 0 0 3,001
Venezuela 03 2 6
United States 13,543 13,048 17,999 20,936 16,554 9,342 7,520 34
Netherlands 15
Ecuador 1 1 1
S w i t z e r l a n d 0 000 0G/C/W/219
Page 10
COUNTRY 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
G e r m a n y 0 01100
Miscellaneous 0 0
Belgium 0 1
Canada 11
France 0
Israel 997
Italy 3,577
Japan 0 0 0
Total 1507
Soya bean oil20,219 38,948 78,256 63,643 92,538 110,048 94,286 138,822
Bolivia 6,391 6,787 1,870 10,186 18,744 25,116 30,468 57,038
Argentina 7,271 29,176 64,364 13,804 3,300 4,900 4,339 46,701
United States 2,517 412 6 7,010 20,882 19,809 17,897 30,485
Brazil 715 35 2,996 279 59 150 166 3,688
Ecuador 700 3,178 785 745 966 806
Uruguay 3,325 2,489 7,060 24,835 46,562 49,467 36,165 100
Peru 3
Canada 177 0 0
Germany 2
Belgium 0
Cayman Islands 500
China 1
Colombia (Free Zone) 650 0
Denmark 0
Spain 50 0
France 21
Netherlands 880 9,800 3,764
Italy 0
Jamaica 1,261
Miscellaneous 3,600 1
Panama 48
Switzerland 1,083
V e n e z u e l a 5 06 56 1 0
Total 1511
Palm oil16,392 0 25,963 6,697 797 9,250 121 115
Ecuador 1,500 11,465 2,765 797 250 114 101
Peru 6,991 3 7 14
Venezuela 204 0 0 0 0 0
Brazil 10
Belgium 00
Colombia (Free Zone) 0
Spain 0
United States
Indonesia7,387
3110
   6,5001,449 2,800 0
Malaysia (incl. Lebuan
         Island)5,992
Miscellaneous 0
Dominican Republic 488
Singapore 2,006 1,994 6,195
Total 1512
Sunflowerseed oil5,642 5,555 10,864 14,934 22,907 27,119 31,177 32,243
Argentina 648 5,554 10,800 7,237 1,683 8,909 4,975 22,795
U n i t e d  S t a t e s 2 0004 6 , 2 6 9 2 , 6 7 1 6 , 0 4 2 7 , 6 4 7
Bolivia 38 18 1,525 328 299 1,801
Spain 00
Ecuador 0
Chile 0 0 5
France 0 20
Guatemala 0
Netherlands 268 2,400 5,104
Malaysia (incl. Lebuan
         Island)384
Mexico 0
Miscellaneous 3,100 0
Peru 0
Switzerland 1,575
Uruguay 4,557 3,000 13,088 12,500 14,736
Venezuela 32 26 0 74 305G/C/W/219
Page 11
COUNTRY 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Total 1513
Coconut or palm kernel oil4,309 2 4 148 8 62 369 5
U n i t e d  S t a t e s 4 , 2 8 92114 6 1 3 64
Germany 0 0 0 1
Argentina 40
B r a z i l 13110
Ecuador 20 147 0
Netherlands 300
Peru 0
Venezuela 0 0 33
Total 1514
Rape oil10 0 1 0
United Kingdom 0
Mexico 0
Austria 1 0 0
Colombia (Free Zone) 0
Sweden 0
Total 1515
Other vegetable fats and
oils2,690 1,955 1,728 2,632 1,565 2,368 1,977 1,950
United States 1,217 270 476 589 544 664 510 731
Ecuador 530 200 207 349 377 431 488 496
Argentina 430 1,082 795 1,281 370 1,066 702 458
Paraguay 126 146 185 204 238 119 182 136
United Kingdom
Liberia00 1 3205 4 0 1 0 0
20
B r a z i l 11 1 9055 4
G e r m a n y 2 1 33565 3 42
F r a n c e 00001001
V e n e z u e l a 6 35 63 04 2 55 0 5 1
Spain 0000
C h i l e 0000 00
J a p a n 0 000 0
P e r u 00 00
S w i t z e r l a n d 00000000
Canada 0 0
Belgium 0
Bolivia 0
C h i n a 465
Colombia (Free Zone)
Hong Kong150
30
120
160
India (incl. Kashmir,
     Jammu and Sik)00
I t a l y 000
M e x i c o 010 1 5
Miscellaneous 0 0 0
Panama 11 0
Puerto Rico 162
Dominican Republic 0
Saint Vincent and the
       Grenadines 14
Uruguay 320
Total 1516
Animal or vegetable fats
and oils83 160 388 3,662 1,024 771 912 1,385
Ecuador 317 3,349 743 540 571 859
Netherlands 0 40 80 80 132
B r a z i l 12 1 81 4 91 1 91 0 01 1 2
United States 75 75 56 64 65 24 76 95
Singapore 07 6
Chile 13 0 7 5
Dominican Republic 16
G e r m a n y 9 5 337 1 6727
V e n e z u e l a 8300 06
Mexico 164
Hong Kong 2
Italy 0000
Peru 04 6 0
Spain 00
Argentina 0
France 00G/C/W/219
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COUNTRY 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Barbados 0
Canada 19 8 8 0
Colombia (Free Zone) 0
Côte d'Ivoire 0
Denmark 0 0
Slovenia 0
J a p a n 000
Miscellaneous 4 22
U n i t e d  K i n g d o m 0000000
Sweden 1 2
Switzerland 0 0 0 0
Total 2309
Preparations for animal
feeding9,971 2,362 8,207 7,146 10,152 12,459 15,427 14,674
United States 8,874 390 414 562 1,356 2,989 4,514 4,778
Venezuela 42 111 3,197 1,084 1,271 1,195 1,237 2,912
Peru 455 267 1,192 1,600 1,430 3,660 4,722 2,817
Netherlands
Mexico8
1894 100 317
3261,235
2061,155
961,507
1321,435
934
Spain 120 156 102 251 335 244 580 790
Ecuador 120 760 2,513 1,696 2,531 1,736 834 366
France 56 138 127 92 213 122 134 92
Brazil 15 119 320 62 76 57 89
Canada 52 0 595 150 0 75
G e r m a n y 2 62 98 18 38 56 17 16 6
Thailand 25 62
Belgium 26 12 2 91 46 11 45 62
Switzerland 28 55 94 118 72 27 67 55
Republic of Moldova 39
Argentina 8 2 34
J a p a n 1010 1 6 1 5 2 5 2 0
I t a l y 2 07 71 7 01 1 1 6
United Kingdom 6 6 9 26 21 0 2 11
Norway 46 113 119 56 42 30 30 10
M i s c e l l a n e o u s 2 46 12 3 2 1 5
Bulgaria
Chile 05
Costa Rica 1
Cuba 3
Denmark 4
Slovenia 13 2 10
Honduras 0
New Caledonia 5
Panama 21 32 25 34 51 35 2
Portugal 3
Puerto Rico 2 459 581 843 1,429
Saint Vincent and the
       Grenadines 8
Sweden 0
Trinidad and Tobago 1
Virgin Islands 10
Wake Islands 3
Yugoslavia 89 24 11
Total 3823
Industrial monocarboxylic
acids3,779 2,016 3,086 4,514 4,897 3,920 4,269 4,024
United States 3,569 1,709 2,720 4,189 4,341 3,248 3,952 3,730
G e r m a n y 8 2 5 4 7 71 1 31 3 21 4 31 5 61 6 3
India (incl. Kashmir,
      Jammu and Sik)73 58 69
Indonesia 23 11 12 24
V e n e z u e l a 5 17 19 04 1 0 31 9
M e x i c o 485 3 48
B e l g i u m 2 01 12 5 11 2 5 0 7
United Kingdom 1 53 47 40 132 32 3 1
Spain 0 0 0 1 1
Peru 141 85 16 1
Switzerland 0001
C a n a d a 00100
I t a l y 0 000 0 0
France 0 0 0G/C/W/219
Page 13
COUNTRY 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Argentina 7 0
Australia 32 10
Barbados 0
Brazil 48 30 30 31 31 26 0
Denmark 15 11 0
Ecuador 0 200
Egypt 8
United Arab Republics 0
Netherlands 64 96 63 67 71 28
Miscellaneous 2
Panama 10 0 3
Puerto Rico 0
Virgin Islands 12
__________