Nothing Beyond the Milky Way but Empty Space
WASHINGTON.—The boundaries of
the universe have been discov
ered, according to a report received \
at the National Observatory from
Prof. R. T. A. Innes, director of the
"Onion Observatroy at Johannesburg,
South Africa. The announcement is
regarded with interest by astronom
ers all over the world.
The universe, Prof. Innes asserts, is
contained within the space girdled by
the Milky Way, and he figures that
the#most distant star in that wonder
ftfl girdle is 540 light years distant
from the earth. Inasmuch as the
planetary system, of which the eartli
la a member, is commonly supposed
by astronomers to be close to the cen
ters of the arena embraced within the
Milky Way, and inasmuch as light
travels 180,000 miles a second, or
over five and three-quarters quadril
lion miles a year, the diameter of the
universe, by Prof. Innes’s calculation
la 6,334,951,000,000 miles. This is the
distance light would travel in 1,080
years. A ray of light takes sixteen
minutes and thirty-six seconds to
traverse the diameter of the earth's
orbit.
The so-called "helium stars," the
Johannesburg astronomer avers, are
the most distant of all stars from the
i earth. The helium stars are peculiar
to the Milky Way.
Is there anything outside the uni
verse? On this point Prof. Innes does
not venture a positive opinion, but he
says that the most powerful tele
scopes penetrate far into space, be
yond the boundaries of the universe—•
revealing nothing. In particular, he
says, there is absolutely no sign of
other universe of similarly constituted
systems.
He looked out beyond the universe
—the air in South Africa is very clear
—but his telescope discovered in those
far-away clouds called “nebulae,”
which Eome astronomers suppose to
be star-systems in process of forma
tion. Many of these nebulae are spir
al-looking, and the conjecture is that
they are whirling around and around,
condensing themselves into solid
globes, on which life may later ap- |
pear.
The number of stars, according to j
Prof. Innes, is limited, falling far
short of the number of people on the
earth. He estimates the mass of the
universe as equal to 441,0(J0 times the
mass of the sun. That is to say, the
combined mass of all the globes, big
and little, in the universe is as heavy
as 441,000 suns. Of stars 100 times as
massive as the sun there are 300; of
stars ten times as massive as the
sun there are 5,000; of stars equal
in mass to the sun there are 200,000;
and of stars smaller than the sun
there are 16,000,000.
Popcorn Can Be Profitably Raised on the Farm
THIRTY dollars' worth of popped
corn in the form of 5-eent packages
tor the market represents an outlay
of only about $1 or $1.50 for raw ma
terial, according to a farmers' bulletin
(No. 553) just issued by the depart
. ment of agriculture, entitled “Popcorn
tor the Home.” Sufficient popcorn to
make $30 worth of 5-cent packages
can bo grown on a piece of land 40
feet long and 20 feet wide.
The specialists in corn investiga
tions who write this bulletin say that
popcorn has considerable value as a
food and when properly prepared for
the table it is superior to many of
the breakfast foods now on the mar
ket.
If it Is desired to grow popcorn as
a field crop, the surplus stock not
wanted for home use can usually be
■old to local merchants at a fair price,
or it can be profitably sold directly to
consumers.
Dealers who put up popcorn in 10
cent packages for the retail trade us
nally have a number of good recipes
printed on the outside of the package.
Some recipes for popcorn confections
that have given good results are the
following:
Chocolate Popcorn—Two teacupfuls
of white sugar, two ounces of choco
late, one-half cup of corn sirup, one
cup of water.
Put these ingredients into a kettle
and cook them until the sirup hard
I
ens, when put in cold water. Pour
over four quarts of crisp, freshly pop
ped corn and stir well to insure the
Uniform coating of the kernels.
Sugared Popcorn—Make a sirup by
boiling together two teacupfuls of
granulated sugar and one teacup of
water. Boil until the sirup strings
from the spoon or hardens when
dropped into cold water. Pour over
six quarts of freshly popped corn and
stir well.
Popcorn Balls—One pint of sirup,
one pint of sugar, two tablespoonfula
of butter, one teaspoonful of vinegar.
Cook till the sirup hardens when
dropped into cold water. Remove to
back of stove and add one-half tea
spoonful of soda dissolved in a table
spoonful of hot water and then pour
the hot sirup over four quarts of fresh
ly popped corn, stirring till each ker
nel is well coated, when it can be
| molded into balls or into any desired
form.
Gilded Horse on Weather Vane Not Yet Extinct
mates below have gone and that a
machine creaks and snorts where they ’
lived. i
If you are walking along G street
between 6th and 7th and will look to- s
ward the northern sky you may see i
high up, always heading into the wind,
another gilded horse with flowing :
mane and uplifted tail, and probably i
distended nostrils, though his position 1
is too far up in the air to determine
that point without field glasses. j ,
He Is trotting on a gilt horizontal <
bar and seems to be striking at least t
a 2.20 gait. He is well extended. He t
seems to be about to win. No other j ]
horse is near him. He wears no bar- 1
ness. No sulky or driver is behind i
him. ;
He is a bold, proud-looking horse 1
and it is refreshing for horsemen to i
look up and see one of their four- ;
footed friends who has not the de- (
jected mien which so many horses in 1
the streets wear. It is a pleasure to r
thorn to contemplate this horse, even s
if he is a gilt horse. <■
-~ 1
Z-.
THE gilded horse that once trotted,
galloped, pranced and dazzled on
the weather vanes above many of the
stables of Washington has become
rare, but he is not extinct. He may be
tarnished, but he still holds up his
head and tail. He is not so forlorn
looking as most of his brother and sis
ter horses in the streets. The writer
early in the spring wrote an honorable
mention of a gilt horse on a weather
vane on a stable converted into a
*arage on Columbia road near ISth
street. That horse is still there and
he still seems unconscious that his
neighing, nickering and champing 1
Labor Department Clerks Have to Do Rea! Work [
CLERKS of the department of labor
ar* nursing blisters and calloused
spots on hands and knees, and the
new quarters of the latest executive
department of the government smells
of arnica and healing ointments. Mov
ing day for the department came
■round, and, as the appropriation for
moving covered only the transfer of
the furniture from the old quarters
to the new, the clerks were pressed
Into service to rearrange the desks
*nd filing cabinets and other para
phernalia.
“Oh, it was fun,” said Chief Clerk
Watson, displaying difficulty in mak
ing his stiffened fingers grasp a pen
■nd wincing when he attempted to
get 01A of his swivel chair. "The work
had to be done, anyway, and the clerks
were the only available persons to do
It. It's all in a lifetime, and don't
W+ belong to the deportment of la- j
! t
r
!
C
V
! v
! ♦
11
i s
i h
! t:
! fl
borAnd I believe w e made good." ! n
The ordeal continued several days j 11
and although the department of com- : b
rcerce had loaned all of its available i s
laborers, charwomen and messengers | "
to the Hitting laborites. the muscle- b
weary clerks had to lend their as- fr
sistance. a<
The work of the department of la
bor U dropping behind a* a result of tl
exodus. t<
I INDIAN WHO SIGNS THE PAPER MONEY
Gabe E. Parker, the Choctaw Indian from Oklahoma who has been j
sworn in as register of the United States treasury, is shown in the photo- i
graph at his desk in the treasury. Underneath is a reproduction of his sig
nature, which will hereafter appear on all paper money. Mr. Parker is one- i
eighth Choctaw Indian, and resigned as superintendent of the Armstrong ;
Indian school in Oklahoma to accept this ofice.
PURITAN ANCESTOR
I
Had a Powerful Influence on the
American People.
In His Original Home He Favored
“Direct Action” and in the West
ern World Built on Empire—
What He Accomplished.
New York.—In a great many affairs
that go wrong today the social mind
ed detectives do not say. Cherchez le
lemme; they say, Cherchez the puri
tan ancestor. That dour figure in
sugar loaf hat and buff jerkin and
breeches striding on his way to
church with his flintlock and his
Bible, is responsible for an extraor
dinary number of things that now af
flict us. He stands in the way of a
minimum wage, of Sunday baseball,
of the uplifting of the stage, of the
speedy solution of the white slave
problem, the divorce problem, the sa
loon problem, the eugenics problem,
the 1 a. m. lobster palace problem,
and a good many other problems
which, the theatrical managers on
Broadway are aching to solve, but are
not allowed to.
The cavaliers despised the puritan
ancestor because he spoke through
his nose. But that was a minor fault.
The real sin is that he refused to
speak at all. He is the original
patentee of the conspiracy of silence
to which all our ills are due, as con
trasted with the happy nations of the
continent where there is no conspir
acy of silence on all these fascinating
topics, and consequently these prob
lems do not exist. The puritan ex
alted salvation at the expense of con
versation. thus failing to perceive that
the latter is the indispensable condi
tion of the former. If he had not
been so afraid of calling a spade a
spade, we should now have a flourish
ing literature and drama and art. and
we should have done away with the
social evil, even as conversational peo
ple like the French and the Germans
have done away with it.
ter than he know. Else how can we
explain the surprising fact that, in
spite of his aversion to discussing sex
phenomena and sex rights, he created
1 a form of society in which woman at
tained a prestige, a freedom of action
and a scope of opportunity such as
she had not known in previous ages,
i Let others explain how the puritanic
ancestor, laboring under the handicap
of atrophied conversational powers,
ignorant of the works of Ellen Key |
and Oliver Schreiner, succeeded in
working out a theory that it is man's
function to labor and provide, and
woman’s function to expand and en
joy. The task is too difficult for the
present writer. Nor can he explain
this other startling fact that, without
any knowledge that this is the cen
tury of the child, without explicit
recognition of the sacred duty he
owed to the future of the race as em
bodied in the child, the puritan an
cestor, wherever he went, built his
schoolhouse and his church simul-1
taneouslv, and after the schoolhouse
he erected high schools, and after the
high schools he created universities,
and stinted himself in order that his
children might go to these univer
; sities and might have more money to !
spend than was good for them.
LITERATURE IS FOOD FOR CAT
Chicago Feline Destroys Magazines
and Papers, and Defies Guns, Dogs
and Poison.
Chicago.—A cat—a ghostly, incom
prehensible animal that thrives on
j poison, dogs, bullets and walks in and
| out of traps unscathed—has furnished
| Chicago with a mystery, which bor
ders on the uncanny.
Each night during the last five
months a malicious and predatory
feline appears at a stationery store,
sometimes alone, sometimes in com- i
pany with fellow cats. Then follows j
the digesting of amagazii.es and sta- I
tionerv.
Hundreds of dollars worth of
tionery and magazine^ ha- n
I ruined by the weird anima. Hun
dreds of attempts to trap, poison or
shoot it have been futile.
Traps have been set—large traps,
i traps which might snare a bear and
traps delicate enough to capture a rat.
They have been found in the morning
overturned and sprung but without a
i cat.
YOUTH !S STRANGELY CAUGHT
__
Alleged Highwayman Has Foot En
enarled in Smoke Regulator
of Chimney.
New York.—After escaping three
bullets sent after him by a policeman
in pursuit, a youth charged with high
way robbery found himself strangely
trapped, hanging from a foot ensnared
in the tin smoke regulator of a chim
ney with his head dizzily swaying 30
feet or more over a stone paved al
ley.
He was caught in the chimney of a
two-story building in Brooklyn bv a
policeman who had pursued him. The
youth is George Cusach, seventeen
years old. He and two other youths
are accused of holding up and assault
ing Dominick Berquist. a carpenter.
Aged Man Does Foolish Thing.
Patchogue, N. Y.--While waiting to
cnteh boys whom he supposed to be re
sponsible for putting cartridges on the
trolley tracks here, John L. Burman, a
motorman, saw a seventy.year-old man
place a line of cartridges along the
rails and wait for the car to pass over
them. The aged man was warned to
“cut out” his boyiah pranka.
y
.-“' • '"o * *- >-**v 11 uui uiwac
can he the basis of true progress and
civilization it is astonishing how many
things that whining, hypocritical puri
tan ancestor accomplished in his day.
In his original home in England he
had not been going many years be
fore he cut off the head of a king,
sent another king packing about his
business, and in other ways pursued a
policy of "direct action” that should
appeal enormously to W. D Haywood.
Crossing the Atlantic, he helped to
lay the foundations of an empire For
a man who hated to call a spade a
spade, it is remarkable how well he
could use that familiar agricultural
implement. He used it to dig up the
ungrateful soil of a rock bound,
frost-bitten commonwealth. Later he
shouldered his spade and. still speak
ing through his nose, but for the most
part faithful to his conspiracy of si
lence. he dug up the more grateful
soil of the Mississippi valley and the
western prairies and the Pacific river
valleys, with occasional deviations to
the pickax when he struck the ore
bearing lands of Colorado and the
Sierras. He did not lose the early
habit of carrying his flintlock into
the field Hp used It in Kansas, and
five years later he was carrving it
over a thousand miles of battlefield.
In bis own hypocritical way he called i
It a fight for free institutions against '
slavery. \\ hen the war was over he '
went back to farming and railroad I
building, persistent in his churchgo- |
ing habits and the traditional conspir
acy of silence.
We are forced to the conclusion
that the puritan ancestor fared bet
ter than he deserved and builded bet
MOUNTAINS VANISH OFF MAP
Brown and Hooker Peaks, on Old Ca
nadian Profiles. Cannot Be
Found.
Winnipeg.—That Mount Brown and
Mount Hooker, traditional monarchs
of the Canadian rockies, which were
supposed to guard Yellow Head Pass,
and which were first mentioned 60
years ago by Douglass, a botanist, do
not exist has just been proved by Al
fred Mumm and Geoffrey Howard,
English Alpinists, who have been in
vestigating mountain regions in the
neighborhood of Mount Robson and
the pass.
In exploration work spread over sev
eral weeks these mountain climbers
have discovered no trace of the mythi
cal mountains. The mountains were
reputed to be between 10,000 and 17.
000 feet in height. While these moun
tains do not appear to exist, Messrs.
Mumm and Howard, accompanied by
Morits Inderbinen, the former Swiss
guide, explored peaks each in the
neighborhood of 11,000 feet high in
the vicinity of Robson, and which to
gether form one of the most magni
ficent groups of mountain peaks which
these experienced mountain climbers
have ever seen.
Photographs have been taken by
Mr. Mumm of an old blaze on the
bark of a pine tree in the heart of the
Rockies which he thinks may possi
bly be a relic of an early pioneer trag
edy. During the dispute between trap
pers of the Northern Fur company and
the Hudson Bay company trappers
pushed their way through the moun
tains from British Columbia, follow
ing the route of Wood river, and even
tually arriving in an amphitheater of
mountains known as the “Commit
tee's Punchbowl.” The men had suf
fered frightful hardships and a consul
tation was held as to whether they
would return or go forward.
Seeing they had arrived at the wa
tershed. it was thought their journey
was only half over, and some decided
to go back. The most of these perish
ed. while those who went forward soon
struck the easy path through Yellow
Tead and were out of the mountains
in a week.
The blaze discovered by Messrs.
Mumm and Howard is thought to have
been carved by four of the ill-fated
party. Above the date, October 20,
1S63, are carved the following iuitals:
J. M., W. C.. H. A. T. and H. S.
SHE BARS THE TURKEY TROT
Miss Genevieve Clark. Daughter of
Speaker, Declares Against
Ultra-Modern Dances.
Washington.—Miss Genevieve Clark,
daughter of Speaker and Mrs. Clark,
has declared against the turkey trot.
Miss Genevieve Clark.
the tango ar.d other ultra-modern
dances.
! Mies Clark will not dance them and
Isays so with characteristic simplicity.
“The waltz, two-step and the pretty
i round dances of our grandmothers are
quite enough for me,” she said.
; EOARDED THE WRONG SHIP
As a Result Young Lady of California
Is Bound for Antipodes Against
Her Will.
Victoria, B. C.—Steaming across the
far reaches of the broad Pacific on
board the steamship Marama Is a
lone passenger who up to the time of
the big liner’s departure had not the
slightest intention of making the long
passage to the Antipodes.
Just prior to the sailing of the
Marama a fashionably attired young
lady boarded the vessel, which she
imagined was the Pacific coast steam
er Umatilla, bound for San Francisco.
The unwilling passenger was Miss
N’ellie Stone of Oakland, Cal., who
had been visiting at the home of John
Brans at Somenos, near Duncans,
B. C.
The first news of Miss Stone’s pre
dicament was conveyed to Victoria In
a wireless message from Captain
Rolls to the C. P. R. officials hera.
<
ro'saf
Sr.
Many Methods of . I
The- Good-w^^
*'•?.
c°n'binati0fl^
Fried R v.r. j.
<■ 5?!"Nit,
hab-c r- br»»a. -■
to cover - . d *;,JuJ
P-' cdd abeh,S°a ***1
veil;.- , ‘a-u*PW|d
boile: :. teactfc,
the :. ■ . Tith sn*,
tab!-,' : '^kanda!
s«f r DroVf^H
h.-.r ■ . ;°P from q,c
k : .< r ld.t0 “MecJ
when .-■■•, s_6i5 0Wtheia
,■■■:•■- -niooth sweeteii
f,-, • ;m::iv-=.n;
....0 °,r EutEf?'
and or two01 to?
c-c:;
S
p-ce with Hash—Take cell
tha. has been left over i(J
;al: and pepper, add a aj
" r a: 3 some milk or crea*
prepared a dish of hash JI
Si;'" ' " TC"rito
pce; , ■ • been heated!
•\.:V baker ,a minutes to
‘ ■■ Phngs—Moisten fj
3 *• : k cold rice) mai
and -:redge. over it. s\m
Pare ;.r,:i scoop out the cored
appl< s ': "Jarter them, tv™
hot rv-atr-r the dumpling doth,
vsitn iicur. Cover the apples?
rice ar.d press firmly into
^ ran in the cloths and =teamI
half hour. Serve with creamer
RED PEPPER SWEET Pl(
Standard Forumula That Maki
of the Best of Relishes f«
Roasted Meat.
Soak the peppers in boiling
about twenty minutes, then layj
brine over night to draw out tit
Juices of the vegetable. Catl
slices, discarding all the seedl
stringy pulp, and make into i
pickle precisely as pears, appl
peaches are pickled.
A standard formula for this fs
pounds of sugar, a pint ot eider
gar, two teaspoonfnls each ot
cloves allspice and cinnamon,
all together and cook until tl
per is tender. Remove the j
and cook the sirup long eno
thicken slightly, then pour ot
sliced pepper. This is an a
relish with roasted meat. j
Rusks With Jam.
Pour a pint of boiling mill,
ened and flavored, over five
rusks in a pie dish. Let tla
for ten minutes, then beat then
ly with a fork and spread up®
a layer of good jam, Pourip
some custard made withal
milk, the yolks of three ejft
tie sugar and flavoring.
preparation till cold, sift port
gar over it, or lay upon it tin1
of the eggs beaten to a foffl
serve. Time, three-quarters
hour to prepare. j
Home-Made Sirup.
The very best substitute Hit
sirup is made in the follo*ijj
Mix together one pound of dart
1 sugar, one pound of granulate^
one-half pint of water, one tl
fu! of vanilla. Put on tie
bring to a boil and allow to
! two or three minutes. Wbettj
j ready to serve. It is very
and much purer and cheaper
: other imitation of maple OT
Banana Coffee and M
The banana has long
nlzed as a wholesome foo *
! starch particles have been J
I by heat. There is being oW
banana flour for P«W !“
and several kinds of codj
cuits made from his
A cereal coffee, also of bjj
a delightful flavor, an
petizing beverage._.
Cream SuM****
If in an emergency- c- ^(
coffee is lackingh ^ 8 and I
vide it among the c P ^
coffee over it.
and delicious bevera ^
When cream refuse ^
the white of an 0^ ghi, (
mixture become thorn
Then try again,
with this addffioa^^___
Roe Savorf' ■
Take the soft roesjrom^
ers; cook in ! ! witt; two <*
them in a mortar " e and t*
butter, a little cayenn ^
percorns. Spreu a fried
rounds of hot toa. a littk
top of each, sprm ,
parsley over —
""" For CarP*^
To clean 8001 «*
guickly with t*l*
:o sweep it off *‘t"°
$r stains