\V. H. RjI EA, EDITOR._____The Constitution, the Union, and the Enforcement of the Laws. _^_$2 PER ANNUM, IX ADVANCE.
VOL. L DESAtiC, ARKANSAS, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 21, 1860. I UMBfiR 7.
ohr ifd«c4itutionui Hinton*
1TBUSHE!) EVERY WEEK, AT
I)4‘H A 1*<* , A 1* !v a 21 HUS,
AM) EDITED BY
WESTOA SI. ssin: V.
—.o:
Office on corner of P.ncna Vista ansi Lyon Streets, over
John Jackson A Co.
Subscription prior, Two Doll :r« per annum,
in variably i.t advance.
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Legal advertisements will be charged, for otic
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Announcing candidates fnr State and Dvs.rict
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OPFIC1 AIj l>IRi3CTOH\ .
OFI’ICRRS OF pit 11UIE flJOl AI V.
COUNTY AM) PIlOBATlf jnWilt,
.7 cl lil Y r** I j. i I tiili 9
C T. K K K ,
WILLI A M COODfiDI.
SHERIFF.
WILLIAM A. PLUNKETT.
the a * v r.i;u ,
WYLIE LAN K FOIlI).
CO R OX V R,
LEVIN II A IMl I SON.
SURVEYOR,
E. A. HOWELL.
Common school commissioner,
W . P. P II E S T ON.
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT COMM IT •’EM,
]} E N J A M I X F A W C E T .
JISTK'KS 02' Tin; PLAt'K.
—
I'rairl' —15. E. Coulter. 11. L. Ika ,■■!, D. Y. Smith,
James <iInver.
Cnrnlim—d. '1. Connor, ff. K. Dobbins. Janus
Knight. \\ in. Delta ell. S.Co/art. V. .C. 1,In bin.** n.
J’njean littoxt—Aser i’ipkin. V. L). !li>hin-"U.
I Vi.;-.- Hirer—H P. Yam-inn, T. H. Kent, L. C
Rembert. It. P. Mark.
(’•■liter— S. Peine. it. 1).*>•;.•; ■ .
Wai'ilixtiw—W. A. W. Mu"n, J, MeC'.-aibs.
Hnuiilu.il—'I’, M. <!r y. J - k
Hirfi M mill*—T. i‘. K e, V.. !I. i r ". i '.
Clear l.akr—di iui! 1! at, Ja i • T. ?-i■»: r;
La. <iretc—M. Jieleii -r. Timlin; * Harvi'.le.
<; « Y s t i S3 s: s.
Prairie—Q. T. V-<■’ ■ • 1 —J. P. S-uel":
I —It. H. Frwliiig: tin . ■
pii/.nii P‘>oef—W ,\. Harper; Is />*•• -r—C Y.
Oldham: fyieA ttoodn—W. A. Ikrktt; Hi <
Joint dale-.
Constables-of Cleai- Lake and La tire tv 1 own- j
ships failed to 1ill their bom!-;.
:»it<»i - s < • A ft i > - .
T. J. JOBxi,
-Vt< orncy :i 1 La w,
DES A EC. A E KANSAS.
"IITIU, PKACTH’E IN J’EAli.U; \ND TJiK
* T ndjoiiiim counties; Pa: ;
given to Collections.
Ukffuf.m fs.—T J. ft C. Powell. Knoxville.
Tenn.; Tims. II. Callaway, Pros on o' < ■ or
Hank. Clevelat 1. Tenn.: M« : x ’Jar* . 1 • a
lmnga.Tcnn.: llon.J . 11 n 11. Lump!:: n. lb i.i a.:
Hon. William Daugherty. < min' t . d-i : i’. u.
Joseph T. McConnell. Iling;: .’.J. C V. j II.
Inman. President Not ! Iitve.-iern Hank. P. m*i• 1.
Georgia. imv
J. T. PA. M,
A.i*c*liit<*c*1 tiiicl I
DES ARC, ARKANSAS,
SOLICITS CONTE V("rs Ed.: liriUMNGS o.
1 ' every style. II" i* a I 1 ] i • pa red to inrni-ii
Designs, Estimates and Drat, ag* <-f : il tlu i - I
ern orders of architecture: bnibl. superintend
nnd furnish working plans for btiihli ::f i :
On In V. I. i .. / k .. . I . . .. 1..II ... ill,. I ' isnii (
. r* '' •• -v - *
will receive prompt atten in. y
J. J. LANE, ------ W. li. CMAMI1EKS. j
DRS. LANE 6c CHAMBERS,
Having formed a partnership in
lli*' practice of their profession, tender
their services to the citizens of Dos Arc and adja
cent country. From their experience, they it ■ * j ■
to share at least a portion of l he patronage of the
public. Office on Huenn Vista street, at Dalsly -
Drug Store. nov f>
T. B. KENT,
Attorno.v ;» t l^avr,
DKS ARC, ARKANSAS,
"ITTILE PRACTICE IN THE COURTS OF
\ V Prairie, W hite, Monroe, Arkansas, St.
Francis, Jackson and Independence counties. All
business intrusted to his care shall meet with
prompt attention. Office on Lyon street. no23-tfL
E. T. SWEYER,
I )eni isl.
I)ES ARC. ARKANSAS.
XTTILL CONTINUE THE RESIN ESS IN ALL
\V its branches, including continuous <111111
Work. Office on Ruena Vista street, up stairs,
Jackson’s new building. nov Ki-tl.
*r. SAXHEHS, - - - - J. L. NKKL.
DRS. SANDERS Sc NEEL,
Resident l’liysiein ns,
DES ARC, ARKANSAS.
Having formed a partnership in
the practice of their profession, tender a
continuation of their services to the citizens of
Des Arc and adjacent country. Office, up stairs,
corner Ruena Vista and Woodruff streets, ltov 3
RUSS EVANS,
REAL ESTATE i GENERAL LAffG AGEfiT*
DES ARC, ARKANSAS.
Prompt attention will re given to
all business entrusted to him in his
line. nov 3.
DR. H. ARMISTEAD,
Having permanently located at
DKS ARC, offers his jmdV- No r.l erviees
to the citizens of the town and adjacent country.
Office on Lyon street. nov C.
i. i i .x CAKDSi
n. c.
GOGGIN, TRADER & HOLT
Cotton and Tobacco Factors,
<- II < > < • i: u .
FORWARDING AND tOM'II- L"; MEBnT.fi TS,
Vo. r« laout Ron, ME'.irui.', uxx.
\VrEKKLY ACCKSSiOXS REUEIVKI* <iro< t glt
» out ! 1 •• M ii to IItcir illicitly 11'JIC aii'I
1 • sirsbk slock < 1 : <■ I . |) ■ . Ripe, Su
gar,Coffee, MoIark .! ;•■• • .„<]•■■. Flour,
and Plantation Mij'jdiea generally. V>li Store
( ottot,. Leaf Toli iei o and it her Prndiru in ouv
commodious Warehouse on Union Street in sight
ot their business house, Xo, lu Front i 'tv. We
Store and Sell Cotton .-it Toe )> r hale. no Hi>-:?iu
HOFFHEIffiEii BROTHERS,
1J11'OItTtUtS ami !i: , i.mts in
Brandies. Gins, Wine*, Cijprs. Ac.,
AL.«o,
DISTILLERS & MANL FACTL’FJRS OF
i >©m f«st If AVI Ilf'S :» n ei I.itinors,
«- & 84 Second St., betw. '.Iain k fycaninre,
nov 23-tf. CIXCiXXVTI. 0.
KXCJII.HIOH Srl ‘< > V K V OI: M—*
GILES F- riLIEY,
maxrr\» rriir.ii or
Charter Oak. I'lymotU Rock, & ’alley For::.
OR o o It i ii ry; ‘,1 < ox e ^ Z
Also, every variety ('
l* 1RLOR, BOX Ti <T iWOt STOVES,
Flo anil ITT XIit In S reot,
dec 7-tf ST. LOUIS.MISSOURI.
It. o. NOBTON, .... p. A. PB.lt SUE.
EL <> . X O 31 T «> X 4 € O.,
Forwardins & (amwi- Joi 31c nLr.nl*
ANJ> DMA i.r.i: S IX
PLOUE, GPAIi; avd 'EODTJCE,
TVo. k»<> ' "port! ll»xv,
dec 14-2m '• rvs;i •. TEXN.
r. jjjiTiK.v, - - r. ku:i\.
LEPTIEN Sc ELZIN,
Ui’ALKilS I\
CLOCKS, WATHIKS n:J JEWELRY,
Vistn Sivcl.
DES Ail;’, A1K.VNB.VS.
T V AYlXGtiy H AND A NEf AND SELECTED
It -i >ek of Clocks. Watohe ami Jewelry, we
respect Hilly soiieU •>. coutiunnre of the kit.-I pat
ronage of the j e po; of 1 ‘s \<• mid siti-rouuding
eotirtry. We arc also piropard to do all kinds of
Watch. Clock and Jewelry wrk with care and
despatl'Ii. All work v.-arr mim). dec 7-tf
n. in I'sriuy, - - - - j. .at* fr.TTi.v.
PERSY & P2TTEY,
Soul Si ^ide o2‘ DuexM Viata Street,
DES Ai.C. A 'A NS AS,
r\::\L":is in .'•vm-le. ■ v. ros’Kicx
‘i * . ■■ '■■■■ i. . - . A-V-d- Ch>
itiitijr. Hars and Cup-, ilo-.t-f te. Hardware
.• i ' • « . < . Visa, a complete
a- -oritio nt of f tii Silks, *1 '. n-. Triui.nlii,"
aitd fancy articles of every •-?■'i<>i;.
All kinds of good®, Ly tit J wholesale
t rices. ’ dee 7-tf
” DES Aiia’-IOTXL.
lil J. (. TiB.iV. A.
i»;:s vie. a;: Kansas.
nAVIXCr LEASEE ill-' V I.-M1I1A V' IE1>
Hotel, 'tin- pi c ' I'tr- - • -; ttnll; informs
I ' \ del - and ! !l ■" to; i ! ,< . o " 11 \ . i 1 s' '■' lot 1-otn
tdcely retj'.-rt-d the [-a. ..Mid '• pr- par—!
lo (ccoiiiniodarc all who ( iv favor'tint with tln-’r
'‘afron.aa.re. i f tmrciai:1 > covi ■ and at t "in ion will
set-are the favor of ali. he<dot —mined to please.
CilAiitiES ii VSON \ I’.I.E.
jr. M-Thc 15a: a'l.-ck-d > ii.: ■ Em -o j < oipli i
with the •>. to! I. i ■ j m.i sa-id i 'cars. irv k
r. -t. ttocivsus. a. lau.M it.
BCBIN301* 3c BRANCH,
(Su<*' '.- - 'v- f<*i. \\ . \ ;i«1 f• 11. y
A’. IJOI.J-. •* \ i.r AMI :T I. it IS
< • rocorics : ,»<’ l ’rodn^*,
ki;: KiriNfi, r.iir.VAiiid v i. u::n< inw's
ES ARC. AI!K\\S\S.
n'i.ARl.N. ------- s. \. .Ji ox.
MXARE1T& JACKSON,
SueCi's-M'S TO ti J. s' d.a.'ell .. t
DES A1H, ALLANS VS.
TXEU.ERS IN S’Vl'LE AND FANCY DRY
j I ti.Is. tic- Aly l" ( lotliin;.-. Hals and
r iioiincts, i - i and Siioes, Hardware and
i' ttlerv Rooks. S' i' rv. etc. Vlso. Recei > intr.
Forwarding and C.»i mission Merchant.*, nov
GARVZIi 3B-EX.L & CO.,
IMPOSTERS WHOLES ILK liK.YLEUS IN
FOREIGN & IWIRSTIU DRV-GOOD6,
a x r>
Nlanntactiiivi's of Clothing.
Nos. 14J and 4 1 Main film-', north side,
nov 10-fim. LOT ISVILLT5, Ki.
A. STKWVKT, . >1. STIAVAjIT. li. RTKWAHT.
STEWART 6u BROS,
x?«»e«*ivia*-, I \>i*nn :ti*<Iimr
- * !> ( OimSNlO'i MKRHI fc\TS,
n„v 3. DES VRC, ARK ANSAS.
R C BDCARLEY & CO
DE? ARC. ARKANSAS.
Dealers k staple and fanvf dry
Goods, Iludy-.Made Clothing, Hats, Caps,
Hoots. Shoes, Jardwnre. Qiiocnswrrc. Etc., E’e.,
Forwarding an. Commission Merchants, novo.
C. A. JUDSON,
CCni-peat ei* and Joiner,
DIS ARC, ARKANSAS,
I'NEALER V SASIT. DOORS. MANTLES.
/ Window uid Door Frame*. etc. Shop corner
Erwin and l’trk Streets. N. H.—Coffins made to
order, on shot notice. • nov-I-y
J. H. QUISENBERRY,
AUCTION C031 MISSION 31K1UTIANT.
A S 1»
U<‘rl Estate ^Vpfeiit,
nov 3. DES ARC. ARKANSAS.
“ C. E. DAVIS,
I<"5 aAT-15< )AT 1*11A > I\
ORDER? WILL FIND ME BY ADDRESSING
me at Dos Are. care of John Jackson & Co.,
or to Napoeon, eare of T. A . W ilcox. nov 30-1 in
s •; i-: Ds: s BE S11
4 T.AIWK LOT OF FRESH HUNGARIAN
j Y- Grajs Seeds, just received and for sale by
li0v. 3. " JOHN JA< KSON & CO.
_POETICAL. _
[Original.]
TO :ms F. 31****. OF VIRGIXIA.
BY A YBIKNO.
T>o you remember. Florence,
The ea’;n, st Jove we set together,
On the old, familiar rock,and
Gazed out upon the sleeping
Flue. hills of your native land ?
II iw (pilot it was! the world
Neit thr-.i '• i nor breath'd—not even
A zephyr ;liti< il by, and nothing
Save she low nnirmut ir.gsof Pvtuuiac s pearly
Wave told that nature lived.
In that hushed moment the pale
Queen of night came out with
The glittering stars, ni Oiling
Her - ’. i i 1st o’er < arth's sad, green robe;
And how beautiful were the troops
Of jeweled orbs twinkling their
Fright eyes in the dome of the skies.
I'd like, dear friend,
’j o iive agi.i.i mat hour,
‘.Along all the shining spheres for
You to name I he favorite
One. that I might turn ’ \ eye. wlierh er
In lit- 's pilgrimage. m its luminous
Face, and have the .sweet moments of
Thee, and happier da \ s.
M k m on i s, Tt:'. n.
ORE A T I . I OX PR : YER ", li EV. Til
11. STOCKTOX.
Trie opening: of the see >nd sexton of tin
XXXV Ini < uiiyru-s. was signalized 1 >v uu
Ustt.tl solemnity. The galleries were crowded,
and a large majority of the members were
present. .Mr. Speaker Pennington appeared
at tire Clerk's desk, accompanied by ti. ven
erable Mr. Stockton, of Pbiladclpiita, Chap
lain of the House, who rose and pronounced
the following impressive prayer, with a t-:
and manner which I cannot d<>crii.c. Iii
wliitc liter and almost ghostly appearance,
:u.mr mm 11kii v in.m nit
other world. lie sc uk"! to regard the men
before him like mortals, as the' are. and t<
have risen above the tempest-, of party fac
tion and hatred. He spoke as if he had hen
inspired to speak hy the Heity. He mor
n-ire 1 no divisions, no seetions. hut < i-.e county\
—and in his description of the IdessiiKrs oi
11 io t nion. his whole soul trembled on id
lips. and iiis appeal tilled many an eve wit!
tears. There was no cavilling, no complaint
Even those who stood he fore him. intent oi
tearing down the Republic, were doutble-.
appalled at the awful task they.,were et nt in
plating, ami could not r jiroaeh the ministei
of Hod. when he prayed Jor the continuance
of the b!es-ings of free government on tlii
heiiiisoiiere:—
A
r(.'orro-pen'Cnee Forney's l’refs.
‘•’Oil. Thou, who hcarest praver! nntc
Thee sha!' all fh* Ii come. I nto Thee w>
eoine. trnsi'mj i;i the at meinetit of our Lord
and Sivlor. Jesus Christ, ami in the sanctify
ing iiiUtu-M -• of Thy i I'd-, S]drit.
Thine is tin- heh,>« f man. < >1 ! Thou nr
our ref'ua ■ and our tru •• —a \ ry present
iu i 'lie i f troii'*, ■ 1 ( Ur:- >- in the mon
of the Loci, who lead*- the IL-ivens and
earth. !' p] y . -,t ]•( • t m ieh a -•••
yea, ha] se* Hod is th
Lord.- V. e remember the pi-f. an I we no
grateful for tin j ast. \\d- tl ? ok ’1*1)ee foi
the di-cove-y of thi- new w j.i; v. a thank
'1 liu h>r lie- <• 1 • ■ t i.. t ■ k oi’ mir own parti'
our e.oioiiai imiepead-. tie. : we thank ’I law
I o' ! he oi _:i.■ t 'll oi *--i -.a. -• a;i 1 I i on
We • ink '1 m ' i ir all tie blessings we hav»
enjoy <• I W:t! in ill- f'ni-ei — .-w! hi- -
■-ii.: -. civil I •• ' * _ -. -i 1 . ! t>!e si.e.-s. i
"Ml h!i SS 1 _ -. :: . kill 1 - ' ' I !' 11 m - . Jill- ( O'. , I
HIv great and pive .ms i-L ---H - h hie -
s-1ei_- as were never i »j *v*.-*l hr an-.- - aher pi >•
}i!e since tin world bog.m. An-1 now. ( di
Lord o;;r t»n* 1 ! we < im.- unto In •* ^ ur hum
I do prayer for the pro-a nt. an t fur all the fit
tin' . ft ill it pie :-e 'i h«v. for * hri-r’- sake
t i grant lh\ st.t < ;al aid. i 1: -t art very
liich. and lifted up. Thou lookett (’own
it]ion our whole iami. from the lake to tin
gulf, from sea to sea, fr nt the • f thi
sun unt > liie '. 'eng oown then-.!', and Thoi
know -.-t all our intere-Is. and Thou knowesi
all our dangers. Mar good men are at fiiitlt
oi::- wise lit* :i ere at fault, in the North me
in the South, in the Ka-t and in the West
everywhere they tire at limit; We know n
whet it l 1 esl for us 1 i d ■•. i*iiti villi coUMnol
eon ; Kt we e.,n)fi UlFo '! h e.(Ml! Lord. < :il
1 "i ! tint we pray i !m>- to overrule nun- i
ild w icked men. m all parts of our 1 'on
h !■ racy. _^ml we pray i he; t i in-; .re. and
to siren'..then. and o a • i t all true patriots ii
e\( ry ] mt of our l 'nion.
And m. ;.'tliv h’es.-Mi_-■ rest ujion all flu
.1... ‘ ..c ti, . i•...* cr.. ...
member with special sukeitudc the Presidvm
of these i lilted Slitic' mid ins innue bate in!
visevs. They luck wisdom. But, if llm\
call upon Thee. 'I lion wilt give them wisdom
fur Thou givest to all men liberally and up
braidetli none. While wc trust they pnn
for themselves, we lo re al■ > jiray for them
that Thy holy sj.irifc may he granted li:it<
them, and that they may see e earth' win
tliev ought to do ami have grace to do it. ii
the position which tin".' are placed.
We thank Thee for this bright and beau
tiful morning for the m-sendding oi' the twi
Houses of Congress; and we pray that Tip
blessing may rest upon lhe Vice Presiden
and upon every Senator in his place, and upot
the Speaker of this House and every one ii
his place. Vo rejoice to learn that they -e.
their responsibility, that they feel their re
sponsihilify. and that many of them are look
ing to '] liee lor counsel and direction. < >1
Lord ! our Hod I let Thine owy preumce sub
due every heart and every mind, and sanetif
all action to Thy own glory, and tlie good o
our whole people. Oh! that we may still b<
happy in this blessed Cnion.
Our Father who art in Heaven, hallowei
he Thy name. Thy kingdom come. Tip
will he done on earth as it is in Heaven
Hive us this day our daily bread, and for
give us our debts as we forgive our debtors
And lead us not into temptation, but deliver u
from evil, for Thine is the Kingdom, and thi
power, and the glory, forever and ever
Amen.
It has been calculated that the great Ar
tesian bore at Columbus, Ohio, would, if pas
sinu' through to the other side of the globe
strike exactly fifteen miles from the gtva
Cbineese wall, about, two hundred and lilt
miles from Pekin. Tt is suggested that the;
- can run a telegraph through if they don’
iind water. They will probably liowcve
[ have an injunction come up through the hoi
| from some established line.
-,mm m -
Probably the reason why so little was writ
ten in the Dark Ages was that people couldn
sec to write.
PRESIDENTS MESSAGE.
Fellow-Citizens of the Senate
and li<. tse of Eepresi nfaf ».*
Throughout the year since our last meet
ing. t!ie country has been eminently prospe
rous in :.l! its material interests, 'i he •
rul health has been excellent; our harvests
ii tve been abtnid: tit. and oion; . smiles
throughout the laud. < >ur commerce and
manuiaetures have been prosecuted with
energy and industry, and have yielded lair
and ample returns; in itiort. no na.ion in
the tide ol* time lias ever j resented a spec
tacle of greater material ]>r.•sperifv than we
have done, until within a very recent period.
W hy is it then that discontent now exten
sively prevaih. and the i/nion of the States,
which is the source of ail theso hh -sings, is
threatened vvitli destruction ’{ The lone■con
tinued and intemperate interference of the
.Northern people with the ipe-stimi of slavery
in the Southern Stoles, has at length i-ro
dueed its natural effects. The different sec
tions of the In ion are now; arrayed against
each other, and he time has m rived, so mooli
urer-'ed hy the .-.ithe.* oi (••■unt r\. when
hosi.ie geogra iiical parties havehecii formed.
1 have long foreseen an i oi -a forewarned
my c id a; :> i ! h • n -v impi-o i' . : d. i
i per. Tics dee met proceed .- >iel. i v i.i tii,
'•!a’i:l on il.it nart « f t -mj'v-s or the Terri
I i u'i:d Ijiej-isl.itnres to exclude slavery from
| the T.-rritories. nor from the *-R'.»rts of differ
t.i:' State:.; to : .at. :cx: • dmu id' i!;e
gi'ivv Slave haw. A;! of evi
; might have i ecu endured hy tb-- South
I without any danger to the i niom audio!
have been, in tlm hope that time and refec
tion might apply the remedy. The immedi
ate peril arises, not so much from then
: causes as from the fact that the violent agi
tation of the slavery (jiicstimi throughout tin
i North for the last ipiarter of a ceniurv, ha
at length ] ro'ittccd its malign inihience oi:
! the -laves, and inspire I them vviih vagm
: notions of freedom, lienee a .sense of seen
rity ii" I ngcr exists around tin: Jam ’y alt..:*
; This feeling of ] cnee nt In.me him givei
; place to appichensions ofservi'e iu-unvc,ion
A3 any a matron throughout the S' nth : !•?;"
at night in dread of what may befall he cl;
and her children before the morning
, Should this apprehen-ion of donu t" dan
1 ger, whether real er iimigiirary, extend aw
intensify it ■ lf‘ me i it -hail pervade tin
m n of the ? nt hi m people dit union wil
1 ei-ome inevitable. S'.dt-p: *scj ration is tin
first law of nature, and hit.- boon imj ! iui i
ti e heart of *uan In tkhis < 'ri a tor ; >r the vs .
j'Urjv -es. an'! no political rnioii. Imv--, ••
tVa Ight v. i: h hit ■ ings and b< ti in al
other respects. cm long «* 111in» -. if tin
miccs.-ary consequence be to 1 m.cr ii,e 1" «
and the fim-ides of nearly hail* the partie
' to it hahitnally and bop.-lc.-siy i t-.. S" .
i - later, the iiuiids of such a union nurd In
severed. it is my conviction that this mm
1 period has not yet ar ived. and my prayer t
(|."l that Me would pre- *nc the (’on-tilu
ii' ii and ♦ lie I n • a th'-- iglmat all genera
ti'Hut let ns take warning in time, an
i neve the e ise < 1 ■. 11 cannot 1
I d' a'v■■ i *h, * f ’• m.ii ; 'id *■■ . g ■• i
. ■ ii : i at. the As ; ■ : ..: i1 i
'S- utli. ha• been 5b ■ - ">t. fin I > ■
ban d ’. ■ ■ Sami ! wt -g eh
culated extensively tl:r it :•••• S mu. i
a charaitor to excite the ; a-- tin
slave-, and iu tie- !. ngnave *»i t ictc. ml .lack
-on. to stimulate tlmm m in-T : mb a. am
pr dm ■ all I!:<• ..i" s. , • \ .r
! 1 ■ : j ion has e * .- » eotui i
tK:d by the public pr . y | • • ins.
<f Stand cottr.lv ( invent am. ami In
A o"h:i.>:i ■■.am a-’ and ••••tu . and t' • ; ■ i.
of <'iingress in's ft i i | j!S vi.'lmi
• « "me- i a this ; *■’. • r ci". . ui a;,.
iij’p" * in pan hietand oil -. i .d. -
by (thetingu’i ' • i. ’ i nt fbi
from thi- (■• ntral | ■ t and spre- I broaden
overthe I ni< n. I low "■ v r w ild be fm
the American people to .-••:■ in tin- -iaven
■ 1 i tion flHf, and to i - or i | .■ < e all*
barmoiiv to this n -traeted couiiii,. d In"
al nc can do it. All that . lie— -ary to ae
compkdi the of |cct. and ml lor win: !i tin
slave States have c\w eotitem!"i|. is !o he le
alone, and permit ! to n.uiaue their i! .im a i
■ institutions in their own way. as. smomigi
States. 'J iiev. and they ;ii"t:e. are m-ponsi
hie before * ■ ■. I and tlm w a! I I’.r the slaver'
existing among them. ! this the people o
the Morth : r. imt m [.on due. ami have in
tiler* rigut to interfere than v» rh similar iu-ti
tutiens m j.Jnssia or in Hrazil. t pint tlmi
good sense and pat: c for!»ea"aiiee I conti
i 5y i With*. tin ir aid ii i- !•.•; m
if ]. v. nr "i'an y I'm -id nt. no nm imwliat nm;
i-e it.- • .i ]-o!itical j .a -ii1 :ii< t • re.-tort
•" ... tarniom mong tl States. \\ ise
1\ lilir..C'i ami re-i ' bind a-- - it;.- ; ver tm
tier our < 'on . ..n and lav . 1; ■ alone- eat
;kcoiii]>ii a bin ut a>r Lp i «.r c\n. <»n .*an i
;i itmmaalcas (inc-iiaii. an-I t'i’s i ria^G lm- {<
t •
observe that the election of any of onr fellov
citizens to the office of President, does not o
itseif afford just cause for dissolving the I n
ion. This is more especially true if his cVe
lion has heen effected hy a mere plurality
and not a majority of the j.eoj !e. and has re
' sult.-d from transient and temporary cause
. which may probably never a mho occur, li
j order to jns.tily a resort to lvvolutionary ro
sistance th.e Federal Government must In
guilty of a deliberate, palpable, and danger
' : oits cxerei.-e of power not grant . 1 hy the ('on
stitution. The late Presidential election
however, has heen held in strict conformit_
1 t with its express provisions, flow, then, cai
1 , the result justify a revolution to dwtruv thi
? j very Constitution't Kcason, justice and re
card for tlte Comthntion all re-juire that w
.'hall wait for some overt and dangerous at
1 on the part of the President elect before n
sorting to such a remedy. It is said, howev
cr. that the antecedents of tlic President elec
have, been fsiifTicicut to justify the fears of th
Soul?*; that he will attempt to invade thei
Constitutional lights: hut are such a; prohen
sinus of contingent danger in the future stiff
eient to justify the immediate destruction i
j the noblest system of Government ever dt
| vised hy mortals. From the very nature <
his office and its high responsibilities he mm
i necessarily be conservative. The stern duty
; of administering tin; vast and complicate
councils of this Government, affords in itse
a guarantee that he will not attempt any vie
lation of a clear Constitutional ri rht.
_ j After all. he is no more than the chief e>
ecutive officer of tlm Government. TIP pr<
; I vince is not to make, hut execute, its law
■ \ and it is a remarkable fact in our history tha
notwithstanding the repeated efforts of th
t anti-slavery party, no such act lias ever passe
r Congress, unless we may favorably except th
. Missouri Compromise, impairing, in the sligli
est degree, the rights of the South to thei
property in slaves; audit may also he of
- served, judging from present indications, tin
l ■ no probability exists of the passage of sue
1 an act by a majority of both Homes cither i
the present or the next Congress. Surely,
under the e ci reumstance <, we ought to be re
strained from present action by the precept
of Him who snolcc as never man spake, that
•sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof."
'] iie day of eviwmay never c me, unless we
rashly I •big it upon oursel res. it i < al
leged as one cause for immediate secession,
that the Southern States are denied e .r.-J
rights with the- other St des in the common
lerrdories. Ii.it by what authority are these
denied't >ot I>y Cmigre-v. which has never
passed. and { h.iivve never will, any act to ex
clude slavery from these* territories; and cer
taii.'v not by the Supreme t’«.urt, which has
tien.nly decided that slave- are property,
and like nil other properly, tin-ir owners have
the vi; id to t.-'ke them into the eonimon Ter
ritories. ; i» l hold them thete under the pro
. i n of the (Constitution. So far, then, as
f' uigiess ' ci ncerned. the objection is not to
anything they have already d.uio, hut to what
they may do hereafter. !t will surely he ad
joined t!tat this apprehension of future dan
ger is m, id lea-ui i-•.* an immediate disso
. ion of tht l Itiioti. [{ is ts tie that • he
ri. ivi-.l l,- I nure T iiirrvas, on the 2bd oi •
i <-b"Uarv. l^nn. parsed, in great haste, an act
• it Vi - \' of tk * < h. vomer, declaring that
-’■mo: , is and si.all he forever prohibited in
■ *e Territory, t i<-h an act, however, plainly
'■.■■I rights «.f •-ne .wty secured hv
i t!v ‘ Yn-ritulion. v.i'! sui dy he declared void
by the dndiciaiT whenever if shall be prfe*
■ >e : b, - ]<<_.] ii rin. Only three days al
ow my in . ’.miration, the .'•-.inreme Court of
r olein i ly a j i ic e i that
p« wer did n >t exist in a Territorial Legis
lature. Yet such lias been the factions tem
per of the iii-.. a that the correctness of this
dei i-ion lws I eon extensively impugned lie
lbre the people. and the (jue.-tiou lias given
rise to a.ig ry political c nil icts throughout the
country. Thee who have appealed from this
judgment of our highe t eoi titutiontd tribu
j led to | o soar a--aiablies. would, if they'.
1 « Slid, iiwv.-t ;> Terr it eil 1 • ••/.-datum with
j ] over to annul the sacred rights of property.
j jx<"er ol ( ingress isi\]'iC''!y forbidden
1 *y the Federal Constitution to exercise, ami
i w ; y ‘hate Legislature in the I'nion is for- .
hidden If i -own Constitution to exercise it.
ii ‘•anno; in* cxerei •.••! hv any State except
hv the people it: their highest sovereign <-a
:.ei • when framing or amending tin ;r Slate
> 1 >i-tiiin:en. in like manner, it can only he
exercised l»y the j V of the Territory, ret -
■ re enfe.l in a coi veutien < f delegates for the
; ■ ft'.-: mhi_- ;i >' ’on titution preparatory
I to adrnis-fnii as a Stale into the t nion ; then.
■ and ]!<•: until then. are they invested with
j ' >ver to o.-ouie 111 - * quest ion. vvoetlier slavery
• -ii ill or >Call not exist within their limits.
J This 1 - an act of -■ .*■ reign atil!e>ri*y. and not
■ •f :-uliordo.ate territorial le p-latiom Wen*
■ it o: tu—\vi>e. then, indeed, v.oidd the e<|uality
■ i r the States hi the Territory he destroyed, and
I the ri-.l.t of property in .-Laves would depend.
j ii"-. njMiu the enatr.ut" - of the Constitution.
- 1 hnt tt| a tlm-hi1’;inc majoritiesofan irresponsi
Tei a or- i gislature, Sm-h a doctrine,
l f’-om i. ■ : atrl.■ - ■ nn • aidnc-ss. cannot long in
■ tin a jv - o' sj(j(-|-;i) 1,1 portion ol , ar j-eo
’ h Ls- i-r o 1 .-11 ;! Coed feas >n fir
■ ■
i he o'., , , f : ,. pin:; si d Illy Wile h
h ■ .a- • : i • ■1 . i !. ( ai- st iihe ae‘>
f of nil r rut ;• -. • i. :v • s to defeat the
i i-.u.r .: -n i the;',: :L,,i-r.:;ve Law. It.ought
- to be i ’men ' ■ ■ . however, t mt iov th
[ : 11 !i "the • '' , _n - le ' my i‘resi'1 nt can
. i • j -‘h i.I j < ■ i.nsI• ie. liaviva' heel) pascl
• ; i \: -it oi <if tiie federal Constitution,
s [ They t re. (her ■ \ . i till ind vol i Ail the
, t »■ - x: i t, ', i-otli Siv> and mrntutl. bei.,r •
• ' ;.: 11 • < I -1 > : ere , tl. h I VO fl'olil til
hegii ' : i; Fugitive $ive L-.w
ituti ud. Tin do except
i . ; • St . f is • . hi. sad thi- !. ,<
■ . h, been reycr H y thrproj rt pj ;h fe
til1 touil. ’ ha- met ’..St h such universal r, p
• r -'.iiit hat th.- ■ can he no ' i
sis a. ptv' odeut. 'fin- vitality of this law has
i • .. . ’ 1 i.or a in by the
- : me Coiitt of tiie Fait 1 Htates, with
- j pertl ■ unanimity. Ii !■ fumided upon anex
■ ; re- v: L ■ of the Constitution, requiring
ileit fiej-itive slave v.h > » wipe ironi service
• in one .at- to ,au shall i.e delivered up
: their masters. \\ ithou! this provision, it
- a v- ! known bistone.-d fact that the Con
. ■, ; mi Ii i i!d n or have been ado ted
hv the Convention, in on - f rm or atmtii*-r.
lev tin , df t I . ii 1 1 '•.. Both be■
- inv siibstan:tally tie ....:e. il-.e Fugitive Fl;tv e
• Law let i-e -:i ti • !e\. f the iatlu from the
it: •of Yf. diio -’on until the 7>rc-ont rne
i t cut. H ere then a clear en -• is jiresent • I.
■ it: whe-h it will be Lie duly of the next I’ro-i
• dent. ;i- it ha - ! oen my • e.vft. to net withvig'r
- i;i executing the supreme law against thee,a
• ; i, - UI PfciUU liUl-lMtUUI Urj.
S!ieii!'l be fail :n ti:.‘ • crferinanco i f this
i if i ii'.ii-. he will then have manifested a
i (lisii yard of the t' institution and laws, to the
great injury of the people of nearly one-half
N uf the States of the t nion. But are we to
presume in advance that he will thus violate
his duty ' This would he at war with every
. i principle of justice and of Christian charily.
- Let us wait fur the overt act. The Fugitive
- Stave. Law has been carried into execution i:i ev
i cry contested ease since th ‘ commencement ol
- the i o. cut .\* 1 nii11i t;;;‘ i u.thoughoftcn.it is to
• he regretted, with great h ah and inconvenience,
- and with i onsiderahle expense to the (iovern
- incut. Let ii- trust that the State .Legislatures
. will fepeal their unconstitutional and ulmnx
hn> enactments. Unless this shall be done,
i v. eli ui iiiinccessai v delay, it is impossible tor
i.hivt to save the Union. The Southern
- S' ms. standing on the basis of the l.'oimtitu
> I lion, have a right to demand this act of'jus
! tieo from the State of the North. Should it
- j lie refused them, the < '(institution, to which
- | all the States are parties, will have been wil
t I fully violated by one portion of them, in a
;»| provision essential to the domestic security
r and happiness of the remainder. .In that
- event-, the injured States, alter having first
- used all peaceful and constitutional means to
f obtain redress, would be justified in revolu
- (binary resistance to the government of the
f Union.
t 1 have purposely confined my remarks
. to revolutionary resistance, because it has
l been claimed within the last few years,
f that any State, whenever it shall he their sov
i- ereign will and pleasure may secede from the
Union in accordance with the Constitution,
- ami without any violation of the constitution::}]
i- rights of other members of the confederacy;
; that as each became parties to the Union by
. the vote of its own people assembled in con
i' vention. so anv one of them may retire from
l the Union in a similar manner, by the vote
e of such a convention. In order to justify
secession as a constitutional remedy, it must
r he on the principle that the Federal Gov
i- eminent is a mere voluntary association ol
t States, to be dissolved at pleasure by any one ol
Ii the contracting parties. If this be so, the
n confederacy U a rope of sand, and to he
penel rated nud di--olved by the first adverse I
wave of public opinion in any of the Sfcat .
In this manner our thirty-three States may
re dve themselves into as many petty, jarring
and Jmsii'e remiblbs. each one retiring from
the Union without responsibility, whenever
any sudden excitement ought impel them to
inch a course; by this course the i niou
might be entirely broken in: > fragments in a
lew weeks, which cost our forefathers many
years ei t iil,j rivati in and hardship t > establish.
Such a principle 1. wholly istent with
the Constiituti u; it was framed with the
greatest delibera4ion and care; it was submit
ted to (’oneditions of the people of the sever
al States for ratification; its pr- vi-lmis were
disci i>SC ! <*L length in these bodies comprised i
of the first men of the country. Its oppo
nets contended that it conferred ; ower on the
Federal <iovernincnt dangerous to the rights
of the States, whilst its advocates maintained
that under a fair construction of the instru
ment. there was 1: > foundation for such appre
hensions. In that mighty struggle between
the first intellects of tbits or any country, it
.. v "■ occurred to any individual, either
mm: • i; .ippmicr.« or advoc: ■>. to assert or
even to intimate that their efforts were all
vain labor, bocaic e the moment any .State felt
herself aggrieved, she might secede from the
. ukm. What a crushing argument woul 1
this have proved against those who dreaded
that the rights ol ti: • State won’: ! be endan
■ i by the < lonstitution. ‘i , • . ruth i .
that it was not until many years after the ori
gin of tiie Fe 1. sal (lovernment that such a
; osition was first advanei i ; was then
met and refuted by the conclusive arguments
of General .Jackson, who. in his Message of
Ifitli .Jauuarv. 1 - >'■>. transmitting tiie nullify
ing ordiance ol South Carolina to Congress,
employs the following language. "ihe
right of the pioojile of a single Stateto absolve
themselves at will without the consent of
other States from their most solemn obliga
tions. .hazarding the liberty and happiness of
tiie millions composing this Vuioii, cannot be
acknowledged. Fueh authority is believed
to be utterly repugnant, both to the j rinciptes
uitnii w .u'ii iieneral t mwi 'iinent is cj :i
situtdl. and to the ohici ts which it was ex
pressly formed to attain.'’ Jt is not pre
tended that any clause in the Constitution
gives countenance to ,■ ach a theory—it is al
together founded upon, inler-vc—not from
any lariguag ■ conh Sued in the instrument it
self. but . ronf the s \ ereign ( bar, r of the
sc\oral State- !»\vhn-h it was ra’died. But
is in .ond the p J»r of a State, lb;* an ii; ii
• I'iual, to yield a portion of its .sovereign
rights to secure the remainderin the
language of Mr. Madison, who has been
called the father of the Constitution, it v.
formed by the States—that is, by the people
,11 each of the States, acting in tlieir high
sovereign capacity—and formed, consuouentiv.
by the same authority which formed the State
<'■ -listitutii>11; nor i- the (rovernment of the
I'nited States, created by the Constitution,
h'ss a government, in the strictest sense of
t'ne term, within the sphere of its powers,
tii,>n the governments tvented hv 11:-_* consti
tutions of rlie States, are within tin ir several
: like tin • i, brg nia . into !. •g
■ 11v1 ■. ! xc'-ut: ,e and*1 udiciarr ocnartroentM.
1* t ■■■•'. like them, direct!’/ on persons and
things, and, like tin m. it has at coimnan 1 a
i t< , , ■ exe itittg the p<iwers com
mitted to it, and it was intended to be per
j ctual, ; mi not to Le annulled at the pleasure
of any one of the contracting’ parties of the
V ml >. iti >n—a perpi trial y nton between
the Mao. s; and by C •• l.lrh article it is ex
pr \ u ehiixd that the articles (• i* this C'ou
1 . , a sIii.il 1 ■ in* . Y,\- observed by
i ’• r\ Slate, an i the I nn i, shall he perpetual.
d n.• j-a- Muhlc to the Constitution of the
1. nitef: ’date . it:;*, issg expre- < reference to the
• n’t ■ ot coni u* leal, t ion, as'Ci’is it was c-ta’u
lishe i in ordi r to I nil :t . vil'ct l iiion.
but d - ,, it ine] id ■- atial ; ttributa of
] oi’petniiy. Bur t!i t the Cuum was de-igoed
to be perpetual, appears concluivclv fmm the
uat-t’ • and extent t'ne t.ov.. rs c uiferred 'ov
tin Constitution < u the i-edeial Government.
Tie.se powers embrace the very highest attri
butes of national so\ rcignty. They place
bo',:: ila- sword and the purse under its con
trol. C m gross has power to make war and
in:,ho peace—*o raise and support armies and
navies, and to conclude treaties with foreign
governments. Iti- invested with the power
to (urn money, and to regulate the value
icreof, and to ri nlatc eommerei it h f >r
! vigil nations, and among- tlm several States.
It is not necessary to enumerate the other
high ]lowers which have been c< di rtc 1 upon
the Fed -r.d (I etm tent, in I*sr t > ear,
' die enumerated powers into cde:. Congress
{'''Sesses the exclusive right to lay an 1 collect
i liulies on impor.s. un i in onnnimn with the
. -Ii.t,,.. ... 1. i . ..11..... ,.’l .1... . il....
I Cut the Constitution ha* not. only e<interred
I the-'O high powers upon Congress. but it lias
adopted effectual means to restrain the States
ti'uni inter!'1! ing with tin ir cv.’.vise lbr that
purpose. It has. in strong prohibitory lan
guage. expressly declared that no State shall
cuter into any treaty, alliance, or eonfedera
ti hi—grant letters of mm.jua and reprisal,
coin money, emit Mils of credit, make any
thing but gold and ; Ivor c..:n a tender in
jiaynient of iCUs. pass any bill of attainder,
j expost facto law. or laws impairimr the obliga
tion of contracts. Moreover, without the con
sent of Congress, no State shall lay any im
posts or duties on any imports or exports, ex
cept what may be absolutely necessary for
executing its inspection laws, and if they ex
ceed this, the excess shall belong to the I need
States; and no State shall, without the con
sent of Cotigre.-s. lay any duty of tonnage,
keep troops or -hips of war in time of peace,
1 enter into any agre* meat or compa< t with an
; other State or wi lt a foreign power, or engage
in war. unlc.s actually invaded, or in such
i immediate danger a.s will not admit id' delay.
I !n order still further to secure the uninter
rupted exercise of these high powers against
State interposition, it is provided that the
! Constitution and laws of the Cnited States,
which shall be made in pursuance there.if.and
all treaties made, or which shall he made
under tjie authority of the Cnited States,
shall he the supreme law of the land, and the
1 Judges in every State shall be bound thereby
i —anything in the Constitution or laws of any
State to the contrary notwithstanding. The
solemn sanction of religion has been super
added to tlm obligations of official duty, anc
; all Senator* and Representatives of the Cnited
State*, all members of the State bejislatures
| and all executive and judicial officers, both oi
j the Cnited States, and of the several States
j shall he hound by oath or affirmation, to suj
J port this1 Constitution.
In order to carry into effect 111o*e laws, tin
Constitution has established a perfect govern
ineiit in all its forms, legislative, cxecutiv*
and judicial, and this government, to the ex
‘j tent of its powers, acts directly upon the indi
I vidual citizens of every State, and execute
its own decrees by the agency of i; own t fit
cers. In this respect it differs entirely from
the government under the old confederation,
which was eotiiiued to waking requisitions on
the S'tares, in tlieir sovereign character. This
i J in . ■ ' iretion <'1' each, whether to
obey or to vefa-e. and they often declined to
comply with such requisitions. It thus be
came neces'-ary, for the purpose of removing
this barrier, and in order to form
a move perfect Union, to establish a
government which would act directly
upon the pc .pie and execute its own laws
without the intermediate agency of the States.
This has beta accomplished by the Constitu
tion of the United States. In short, the Gov
ernment created by the Constitution, and
deriving its authority fnmi the sovereign peo
ple of each of the several States, has precisely
the same right to exercise its power over the
people of all these States, in the euuiueraetd
cases that each one of them possesses over the
subjects not delegated to tlie l lined States,
but re.-ervod to the States respev.iv v. or to
the people. To the extent of the delegated
powers, the Court of the Criitcd States are as
much the part of the Court of each State, and
is an binding upon its people as though it had
been textuaily iusoited mcrem. this Gov
i nii'iinr. therefore, is a great and powerful
Government, invoked with all the attributes
and sowreignty of the special subjects to
which it- authority ex:- mis. Its framers never
intended to iiirdaiit in its bosom the seeds of
■ , : n, nor were they, at its Cre
adon. gi i 1 ry of t lie absurdity of providing for
its. ui-s..!utinn. it was not intended by its
framers t > lie the baseles.- fabric < 1' a vision
which, at the touch of the enchanter, would
vanish intv) air. but a substantial and mighty
fabric, capable of resisting tile slow decay of
time, and of defying the storms of ages, in
deed, well may zealous patriots of that day
have indulged fears that a Government of
such high powers might violate tlie reserved
rights of the States; and wisely did they
adopt the rale of a strict construction of these
powers, to prevent the danger; but they did
not fear, nor had they any lea.-i n to imagine,
that the (’(institution would ever be so iuter
iirefcd : to enable, imv State hv her own act
and without the consent of her sister States,
to discharge her people from all or any of
their Federal obligations. It may be asked,
’. are the pei pie ol the States ,\\ ithout
redress against the tyranny and oppression of
the Federal Government? By no means.
The right of resistance 01 the part of the gov
erned! again-t the open -ion of their Govern
ments cannot be denied; ii ex mis independent
of all t'onstitnti ami has been exercised at
all periods of the world’s history. Fnder it
the old Governments have been destroyed,
and under it new ones have been replaced.
In it is embodied in strong and expressive
language in our own Declaration oi Indepen
dence ; but the distinction must ever be
observed that this is revolution against an
established Government, and not a voluntary
secession from it by virtue of an inherent
constitutional right In short, let us
look the danger fairly in the face;
secession is nothing more nor less than
revolution. It may or it may not he
justifiabl revolution, out still it is revolu
tion. V hr:, in the v. leant inn*, is the re«p«.:i
sibilitv and true position of the Executive.
I bound by solemn oath before God and the
. eeun’.rv. t > take cure that the 1: ws be faith
! luilv executed? From this obligation he can
; me he absolved by any human power. But
| what, if the performance of this duty, in
whole or in part, has been rendered imprac
ticable by events over which he coukl have
i exorcised no •control? Fueji. at the present
moment, is tlic ea- ■ ihr High Tit the State of
j South (’arolhu. So fir as the laws of the
I'nited States to - vitro tin administration of
ju-:hv by imurs of the Fcder.tl .Judiciary is
i meerned. all the Federal officers within its
limits, through whose agency alone these
law.-- can F « tfried into execution, have al
ready resigned. We hat t no longer a Dis
trict Judge, or District Ate rimy in South
Carolina. In the:, the whole machinery of
the Federal Government, necessary tor the
dFtribuF.'n of remedial justice among the
pc .pie. ha been demolished, ami it would bo
difficult, if not impossible to replace it.
The only acts of Congress on the statute
book bearing upon this subject, are those of
the 2Mh February. 17!*."). and Mil March,
is*jT. These authorize the President, after
lie sli dl have ascertained that the 31a; dial
with Ins posse comitatns is inablc to execute
1 r*i\ il or criminal process in any particular case,
1 to rail forth the militia, and employ the army
• Fd him in ] ertVu mine: the se
ccs. 1;.. i 11 _ ii vs t by pr •clam Foil, eoum anded
1 the insurgents to disperse, and return peacea
bly to tie ir respecti\e abodes within a. limitc l
time. This duty cannot, by any possibility
, • ’v l l: • l LIlv.■ i in «i * i<« v v. uviu nv» u uuiui.u
uuti: n-ity exists to issue process, ami where,
there is no .Marshal to execute, and where
1 even if there were such an officer, the entire
population would combine in one solid col
umn to resist him. The hare resistance of
these provisions proves lmw inadequate they
are, without further legislation, to overcome a
united opposition in a single State, not to
speak of other States who may place them
selves in a similar attitude, ('ongress alone
I has power to decide whether the present laws
: can or cannot be amended so as to carry out
more effectually tin objects of the ('onstitn
| tion. The same insuperable obstacles do not
! lie in tbc wav of executing the laws for the
colla tion of the customs. The revenue still
continues to be collected, us heretofore,
at t he Custom House in Charleston;
and should the collect* r unfortunately
resign, a successor may bo appointed to
perform his duty. Then, in regard to the
property of the l nited States in South Caro
lina. this has been purchased for a fair equiva
; lent by the consent of the Legislature of the
| State, for the erection of forts, magazines,
! arsenals, etc., and over these authority t<>
I exercise exclusive legislation 1ms been ex
np. "ig - ,.e' I by the C uirt to hen re a. C
i is not believed that any attempt will be made
j to expel the l'nited States from this property
by force, but if in this 1 should prove to be
mistaken, the officer in command of the forts
lias received orders to act strictly on the defen
sive ; in such a c< n ingoncy the responsibility
l'or consequences \u old rightfully rest upon
the heads of the assailants. Apart from the
execution of the laws so far as this may be
practicable, the Executive has no authority to
decide what shall be the relations between the
Federal Crovemmen . etc. lie lias bee a in
veseU.1 with no such discretion, and he pos
sesses no power to change the relations horo
tofore existing between them, much less to
acknowledge the independence of that State.
■ This would be to invest a more executive offi
cer with tbc power of recognizing the dissolu
tion of the Confederacy among our thirty-three
sovereign S* *es. It has no resemblance to
the recognition of a foreign do iaeto Govtjrn
i ment. involving no such responsibility. Any
(coscmutjr.o ox rjitrtt r um.)