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HIE ETERNAL QlY
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ROME’S big exposition, which
was opened in January, will
make “The Eternal City” bet
ter known to the outside
world. It is international in
scope and it is expected 1,000,000 vis
itors will be attracted to it.
As one is whirled into Rome in the
cars the great viaducts which con
veyed water from the mountains be
yond rise up before him. Some have
yielded to the vandalism of the in
vader and their broken arches attest
the spoliation of Hun and Goth. A
few are in excellent condition. Of the
four which supply the city with water
three are of ancient rearing. In olden
days 24 were necessary, for Rome then
had seven times as many people as
now. And the water, carried through
these pipes from the Alban mountains,
Is as pure as any which ministers to
the wants of man.
The capitol Is in the very heart of
Rome. Here is a majestic flight of
steps crowned at the summit by colos
sal statues of old Roman gods found
in the baths of Diocletian. It was down
the steps which these have now re
placed that Riezi, “last of the Roman
tribunes,” fled in his last moments, to
fall at their base, bleeding from
marvel about. In 2,300 years the city
has been taken by invading armies 42
times and has repelled a dozen at
tempts to capture it. Usually the city
was sacked when it could not be
burned and many of its people carried
into slavery. Battering rams have
been hurled against the Coliseum,
against the 25-foot wall of the Pan
theon, against all the public buildings
reared under the Caesars, but unavail
ingly. Rome was as strong in her
structural kingdom as she was power
ful In the field.
Taxes were light in Rome before
unification. Since then they are heavy.
When Victor Emmanuel was crowned
Rome expected to become a capital of
1,000,000 in 25 years. She did start a
good deal of building and in other
ways improved the city. But it pre
cipitated a financial panic, banks fail
ed and there was a hard time all
around. So, Instead of a million folks
in a quarter of a century, the number
is 600,000 after 40 years.
The merchants never carry two ar
ticles of the same kind. The stores
are small, the stock limited, and
Romans want to be original in their
purchases. Consequently in the orna
mental or useful line while there is a
variegated, display there is no repeti
tion. The small dealer is content with
a fair sale; does not care to do a large
business if it involves much work.
^The Vatican gardens are as beauti
ful as the lovers of landscape have so
orten depicted, were tne Italian gar
den is idealized. I have often seen
representations of these exquisitely
laid out grounds in different countries
but they pale alongside of the beau
ties of the kind found in the territory
of the pope. The hedges, in the rich
est of verdure, are 15 feet high, and
everything else is on as attractive ana
as generous a scale. The forest with
paths made where the popes take
daily exercise are freighted with de
licious odors which bid one tarry.
Then there is an enclosure where pea
cocks, ducks, chickens, etc., give va
riety to the entrancing picture. The
play of fountains and the rush of
waters in a cataract and over rocky
projections are most ’pleasing. Grape
arbors here and there lead one to be
lieve that wine producing of a superior
flavor is one of the yields iu this won
derful enclosure. The chapel of Lour
des erected by Leo XIII is in the
midst of greenery which gives it a
cemetery setting. The one-story octa
gonal house on the edge of the emi
nence three-quarters of a mile from
(he Vatican, where Leo used to pass
the heated days of summer in writing,
overlooks the valley beyond. Opposite
is the city he loved and for 25 years
looked upon but could not venture
into. While the gardens are beautiful
and spacious, man tires in circum
scribed area, for the instinct is natur
al to go out and see things elsewhere.
Pius X finds this self-imposed exile
just as irksome as did Pius IX and
Leo XII and longs for a change. It
will be a happy day when the holy
father can do away with these barriers
which shut him out from the populace
of Rome and when he can enjoy the
freedom of the city’s streets and feel
that he is as safe among his towns
men as he is inside the walls of the
Vatican.
St. Peter's, Rome.
twenty wounds; while from a window
in their palace burning on the hill, his
beautiful young wife looked down and
saw his tragic death. In the square at
the summit of this staircase is the
place where Brutus harangued the un
willing populace after the murder of
Caesar. No part of Rome is better
adapted to contain the portrait gal
lery of its ancient rulers than this Cap
itolene hill, the scene of many of its
earlier glories and its later crimes.
Rome has more churches in com
parison with the number of its dwell
ers than any other city. You are never
out of sight of one, turn which way
you will. Sometimes where streets in
tersect there are four—one -tm each
corner. Near the American embassy,
on Via Venti Settembre, where a street
intersects, three of the corners are ta
ken up with religious temples. With
in a stone's throw there are three
more. There are 400 in all and some
thing like 1,000 chapels besides. Some
of the most ancient, have been taken
from the pagans, some built by popes,
some are of medieval construction!
and there are half a dozen of the mod
ern school erected within a decade.
That there is one stone left upon
another in Rome is what historians
n
W VAr/CA/Y <?AA$f/Yf o
SELF-FEEDERS SAVE HAY
AND CONSIDERABLE LABOR
According: to Tests Made at Colorado Experiment Station
Fully 20 Per Cent, of Feed Is Wasted by
Old Method of Feeding:.
Self-feeder racks for supplying
roughage to sheep or cattle are not
only the means of saving considerable
labor, but, according to tests made at
the Colorado experiment station, are
the means of saving a great deal of
hay. One lot of lambs at this station
were fed whole hay in a self-feeder
rack and another lot whole hay in
racks on the ground, such as are in
common use in many sections of the
country. The average gain of these
two lots was practically the same,
the lot feeding from the self-feeder
averaging only one pound heavier
than the others, says the American
Agriculturist. Also, the grain con
sumed varied but little, being only
nine pounds more for a 100-pound
gain in the first lot than in the sec
ond. The great saving came in the
cost of roughage.
The lot eating from the self-feeder
consumed 601 pounds of hay for each
tically 20 per cent, in favor of the
self-feeder racks. It makes a differ
ence of 42 cents in the cost securing
each 100 pounds of grain. These re
sults were secured on alfalfa valued
at $5 per ton. With a higher price
the difference would be corresponding
ly greater.
These self-feeding racks cost $1 per
running foot completed. They had the
ordinary capacity of four lambs per
running foot., two on each side, not so
much space being required at a self
feeder as at an ordinary rack, since
all the lambs will not eat at one time.
As already stated, the saving in this
one experiment amounted to 42 cents
per It^O pounds 6t gait;. This is equal
to about 14 cents on each lamb. Count
ing four lambs per running foot., this
would make a saving on one season’s
operations of 56 cents. In other words,
the rack would pay for itself in two
yegrs. It is thought that when a type
of self-feeder is developed for handling
' ." - -■
Popular Type of Grain Trough.
100 pounds of gain and those eating
off the ground consumed 733 pounds
of hay for each 100 pounds of gain.
This indicates a difference of prac
chopped hay better results may be se
cured from It than have hitherto been
possible, by reducing the waste caused
by wind.
RUSSIA GAINS
IN FARMING
Prevailing Impression That Little
Progress Is Made In That
Country Is Erroneous—Series
of Readings Gratis.
(By J. B. SNODGRASS.)
The impression generally prevails
that, although Russia is most gen
erously favored by nature, little prog
ress is being made in agriculture This
(s erroneous.
As an illustration of the interest
that is being manifested along these
lines, and as indicative of the pro
gressive policy that has been adopted
and is now being pursued, it may be
cited that the Imperial Agricultural
museum, in its endeavor to popular
ize the study of agricultural subjects,
has for the last few years conducted
gratis, at the museum in St. Peters
burg, a series of systematic readings
on agriculture for the benfit of every
ine interested. In addition to this
course, popular lectures are delivered
and special readings conducted for
men in the lower ranks of the army.
In the experimental department of
the museum the taking apart and
putting together of various machinery
is demonstrated by trained mechanics.
Agricultural machinery in motion is
also demonstrated and the use of ag
ricultural implements is explained;
experiments are also made with all
classes of farm machinery, such as
locomobiles, winnowers, sorters, and
the like. In separate departments
are demonstrated the fertilization of
the fish spawn and the development
of the chicken in the incubator.
The attendance at these lectures
has been uninterruptedly increasing
from year to year. For the past four
years the attendance has been: 6,093,
17,808, 32,442, 60,346; showing great
increase.
The lectures are delivered in the
evening from seven to nine and on Sun
day from two to three p. m. The prac
tical work and excursions are conduct
ed by prearrangements between the
lecturers and the students, such as
trips to exhibitions and farm in the
suburbs, and even to stockyards and
slaughter houses.
Likewise the special classes pass
through practically everything per
taining to plant culture, stock raising,
poultry raising, bee culture and dairy
farming, with all that pertains to the
latter, such as butter and cheese ma
king.
In the present scholastic season the
courses of the systematic lectures will
embrace the following academic sub
jects: Elementary chemistry, element
ary anatomy, physiology of plants,
improvement and cultivation of the
soil, agricultural meterorology, agri
cultural economy, seeds, agricultural
implements, cattle raising, swine rais
ing, etc.
On Sundays it is intended to con
duct popular public readings and lec
tures on a variety of agricultural sub
jects.
Feed for Lambs.
The Wyoming experiment station,
after repeated trials, concludes that
corn and the bearded or Scotch bar
ley, when fed with alfalfa, were about
equal in value for mutton production.
Rarley in this test proved to be a
shade the better. Twenty-seven per
cent, less alfalfa and 28 per cent, less
grain were required where barley re
placed either in a ration. Grade lambs
with mutton sires made greater gains,
conditions being similar, than did
Rambouillet lambs, though a record
of food consumption for each class
was not kept.
Draft Horses.
Draft horses are suitable for rais
ing on level land, while lighter horses
and mules are best adapted to hilly
farms. Horses designed for the sad
dle and road use will develop activity
and stamina on rough and hilly pas
ture land while they are young.
Litter for Scratching.
Every month during the winter sea
son the poultry buildings should bo
well supplied with clean straw, leaves
or litter of some kind into which the
feed is thrown in the morning to keep
the hens busy.
EAR MARKS FOR LIVE STOCK
—
u -
ana
RIGHT SIDE. FRONT VIEW. LEFT SIDE.
For the numbering of polled cattle,
sheep or swine to make identification
sure the marking of the ear is the
most satisfactory method. A system
of this sort is necessary in keeping a
record of registered stock. The key
to the numbering is as follows:
A notch in bottom of left ear equals I
1; two notches equal 2.
A notch in top of left ear equals 3: j
two notches. 6: three notches, 9.
A notch in bottom n f right ear
equals 10; two notches equal 20.
A notch in top of right ear equa<s
30; two notches, GO; three notches, 90.
A notch in end of left ear equals
100.
A notch in end of right ear equals
200.
A hole on end of left ear equals 400.
A hole in end of right ear equals
500.
A hole in bottom of left ear equals
A Novel Guessing Contest.
The following contest Is most enter
ainiug for a crowd of high school
girls and hoys or for real grown-ups.
The list may bo increased indefinitely
it the discretion of the hostess. This
outline I found in a magazine and
hope our readers will enjoy it and find
their requests granted for a new con
test:
AMERICAN CITIES.
The head man—a measure of weight?
Boston.)
A boat lauding—soil? (Portland.)
Syllable of the scale—a state of mind?
'La Crosse.)
The care of God? (Providence.)
A species of gvape? (Concord), etc.
NAMES OF STATES.
The numerical state? (Tenn.)
The agricultural state? (R. I.)
Tile haymaking state? (Mo.)
The maidenly state? (Miss.)
The state In which Noah lived? (Ark.)
The mineral state? (Ore.), etc.
FOREIGN CITIES.
A popular girl tight? (Belfast.)
An organ of digestion-game of bil
liards? (Liverpool.)
A boy in a donkey? (Edinburgh.)
Cattle—our abiding place? (Stockholm.)
A shell—an Inlet of the sea? (Bombay),
ptc.
PROMINENT PEOPLE.
A flower—a kind of cloth? (Roosevelt.)
A stony chap? (Rockefeller.)
A gay autumn flower? (Astor.)
An accident by fire—a vital organ?
(Bernhardt.)
A tiny pie? (Patti), etc.
BOOK TITLES.
A critical moment? (The Crisis.)
A parent- a fowl? (Mother Goose.)
One who steers high? (The Sky Pilot.)
What you want when ill? (The Doctor.)
Yourself, a wagon, a garden tool? (Ivan
hoe), etc.
dozen napkins and another pretty witjn
to keep napkin sets together la fee*
have straps made of fancy white sfilc.
elastics with clasps to go around bait*
ways. Towels may bo kept separate*
in the same manner. i'** o
For Lent. .
In so-called “society” social func
tions assume a simpler character dur
iriR Lent and many overworked mt
irons who live in a grand whirl of din
ners, balls and teas are recuperating
for the summer season by resting mSb
southern resorts.
During the next few weeks sewing
circles will spring up like mushrooms®
and really a surprising quantity nSC
work will be turned out for the benefit,
of charities and "friendly aid” all.
over the country.
A coterie of young matrons hscrw*
formed themselves into what they call
tln> “Doll Brigade” and they are eaetn
pledged to dross five dolls during
Lent with clothes that will come oflL.
An interested set of young men hav**>
promised to provide each doll with a.
trunk and next Christmas these self— *
same dollies are going to a certain*,
ward in a large city hospital Chat,
bears the placard “Incurable,” f;
Perhaps we all do not keep Lent*
but. I say any season of the year that:
causes this sometimes apparently aelT*~
ish world to stop and think how beat
lo help others Is a good thing and W
hope to be able to chronicle soma*
scheme for lending the "helping han^*'*
each week In this column until tb«*
glad Eastertide.
Unique Party for Children.
A mother of three lovely children
confided to me that her great success
In entertaining children was due to
her aim to have each little guest
equally interested.
With this idea in mind she is going
to give this novel and really fascinat
ing party. She calls it "Tradesman’s
Carnival.” The very name has excited
the curiosity of the children as well
as their mothers. The hours are from
3:00 to 6:30 on a Saturday afternoon.
The ages of the guests ure from eight,
to twelve, and there will be 15 if
all accept, her three making 18, about,
all she can seat comfortably at small
tables In the dining room.
The tradesmen she is to have rep
resented are tailor, dressmaker, pot
ter, jeweler, flower maker, sign paint
er, artist, basket maker, upholsterer
and carpenter. Two or perhaps three
will work at the same trade. When
the guests arrive they will be given
cards with the name of the trade they
are to represent. Then the little
craftsmen go to a table, where their
materials are prepared ready for them
and one or two assistants to show
where they are to work. One licur is
to be the time allothd to make the
finished products, then a bell will
ring and the articles collected and
placed on exhibition. The children
are to be allowed to vote as to the
first, Becond and third best piece and
the prizes will be awarded. Each
child Is also to take home the object
made and each receive a souvenir, so
all will feel satisfied.
For Marking Linen.
When ready to mark table linen,
sheets, pillow case3 and towels In any
quantity It is best to have the letters
specially designed in the proper sizes
so one may do the stamping at home.
The size most in use for tablecloths
are letters three Inches long in an in
terlaced script. If old English letters
are used one large letter is preferable
to two or three. Eor napkins the let
ters should match the cloth only
about two Inches in length. Sheets
have the same size letters as a table
cloth and pillow cases the same as
napkins.
Before deciding upon the marking It
Is well to look over designs. There
are linen eases for holding just a
s mwam
Some Nuts to Crack.
What kind of lights did Noab vie?
Arc lights.
What do we all put off till tomor*
row? Our clothes when we retire.
Why should a perfumer always have*
money? Ho Is never without m
(s)eent.
What are seldom advertised in tbp
lost and found department? Lost op
portunlties.
Have you heard of the terrible ss>
cident at the laundry? A shirt waist
badly mangled.
Why should a frog never be bank
rupt? Because ho always has a green
back with him.
Why should photographers be goetl I
climbers? They have many “mounts**
In their business.
What vegetables are niost suscep- |
fible? Potatoes and turnips, because)
they are often "mushed.”
Why are a merchant and a ship
wrecked mariner alike? Becau&ar 7
both would he glad to see a sail (sate>
In sight. ■
MADAME Mi; Rtf I 4$
' "1 m
fOQUD
V J * |
The black hat of course, Is all th»
thing.
And it must by all means have tm v"*
white or a black and whlto ovunv'v '
ment.
Most of these ornaments can
made at homo very Inexpensively*.
For which reason, listen well to»
their kinds.
Satin quills, with velvet midribs.
Cockades In alternate stripes fit J
black and white.
Kid ornaments In all manner 0* a
shapes and sizes.
(And a white kidskin two feet
square costs 75 cents.)
Pompons which are nothing bat
loops upon loops of knitting zephyr.
Velvet flowers, white petal outline-*
with black bends.
Stiff little bows of narrow gmss
grain ribon, for wear with taltonk* i
hats.
For Dressing Table
IX THIS sketch we show a useful lit
tle watch stand and trinket-holder
for the dressing table, made by aid of
a small cardboard box and some rem
nants of silk.
The lid Is removed and fitted over
one end of the box In an upright posi
tion, and fastened in its piace with
two paper fasteners run through on
either side. The left hand sketch Il
lustrates this.
The next step Is to cover the card
board foundation smoothly with some
pretty remnant of silk or brocade, and
soft silk is ther
edge of the lid ai
of the box, and a
loosely In the n
right hand sketcl
A large dress
upper part of tt
watch may he hui
he ornamented li
suggests Itself,
decorated with a
stance, carried ini
corner, or a tiny
place. The porl