; . UK.
ii - $ n
jDfnatffr tn Ibnw, politics, IgrimltErp, lorinl ^rngrrss, - Hiatraktaring, Cutraui'ttial Sutpllignitf, Iranspmpnt, kt.
IprBLiSHED EVERY WEDNESDAY. AT DES ARC. PRAIRIE COUNTY. ABiTnsTs?BYJ.C.MORRILL. TERMS—$2 PER YEAR. IN ADVANCE.
I VO I. CTME VI._ DES ARC, ARKANSAS, JULY 25, 1860._NUMBER H6.
THE DES ARC CITIZEN.
TERMS- PER ANNUM,
PAYABLE in advance.
riFTT sombbkb makin« a volume.
rates of advertising.
; P\tes of Advertisiwo.—One square (10
m -nes of this size type) for one insertion, $1;
Reach additiosal insertion, 50 cents.
1 m. j 2 m. | 3 m. | ft m. I| year.
I PtooareT $2_501$5 001$8 001 $10 00]$15 00
B i chares 5 00: 8 00 10 001 12 00 17 00
1 1 Rouares, 8 00 10 00jl2 00! 15 00) 25 00
SB - 4 Column, 10 00112 00 15 00 17 00 30 00
■ Column, 12 00 15 00117 00 20 001 10 00
■ al Column, '15 00|17 00|20 00 25 00| 50 00
i Column, !l8 00 20 00125 00 30 00: 60 00
VyAdvertisers hy the year will he res
I tricted to their legitimate business.
(.y Advertisements displayed by large type,
I or in double columns, charged double the above
rs&tps*
' y Personal communications charged dou
■ ble the rates of regular advertisements.
jy Leg#advertisements will be charged,
■ for 0ne square or less, first insertion $1, and
■ rft cents per square for each additional inser
Blion.
(»y Announcing candidates for State and
District offices, $7-, County offices, $5; Town
ship. offices $3, invariably in advance,
j ':y Calls on persons to become candidates
■ are charged at the usual rates, except when
I persons making the calls are subscribers to
g our paper. Payment in advance.
jypolitical circulars charged as adver
S tisements.
Advertisements not ordered for a spe
■ tMied time, will be inserted till forbidden, and
I charged for accordingly.
jyAll advertising to he paid for quarterly.
| ,)i)R JOB PRINTING DEPARTMENT.
i We have supplied ourselves with a good
I assortment of Printing Material, and are
I ready to execute all kinds of job Printing, on
2 reasonable terms.
We are prepared to print Pamphlets, Cata
■ mgues, Posters, large or small, Cards, Ball
I Tickets, Bill Heads, Blanks of every dcscrip
B'ion. for Clerks, Sheriffs, Justices of the
M ”eace. Constables, Ac.
I@. L, BM.SLY.
rff DRUGGIST, gf
H a N n £»
APOTXIECAnY,
ALSO, DEALER IN
Stationery, Perfumery,
FANCY, ARTICLES, &C.,
Lane & Watfs’ old stand, IJuena Vista street.
15m iiiBJEo
Fine Wines, Brandies, &c., for Me
dicinal purposes, always ou hand.
Physicians prescriptions are accurately
compounded of the best articles tiiat can be
procured. janl8-tf.
<1 A JVDSON,
HARPENTER AND JOINER, Also,
Dealer in Sash, Doors, Mantles, Window
and Door Frames, &c.
Shop corner of Erwin and Park streets.
DF.8 ARC, ARKANSAS.
||._; 0jj|ns made to order, on short
notice. feb22:ly.
~bT TOHTOOH, ‘
BUGGY AND CARRIAGE
M.amxfaoturer.
r&C.WMs Hickory Plain, Ark.,
Will make and repair Buggies
- ' as!—aud Carriages, &.C., to order. Or
ders respectfully solicited.
All orders will be readily attended to,
ali :.ew work warranted twelve months. I re
turn my thunks to the public for past favors,
and hope to rcceiv* a liberal patronage in the
future. nov23-tf.
j7s. ANDERSON,
I SADDLE, BRIDLE
— A N D
3Samess ^Manufacturer,
DBS ARC, ARKANSAS.
/jtfjk RESPECTFULLY informs ttfc—
the citizens of Prairie and 'fUAS
adjacent counties, that he has on hand,^ a-1
| Saddles. Bridles, Martingales, Buggy,
Carriage and Hack Harness,
■ A3 well as every other description of work
H usually done in such establishments.
i£5TShop on Lyon street, back of Frith &.
s Jackson’s store. jan21-ly.
BLACKSMI THING
Wagon and Buggy Making.
I MARTIN SHETTER,
DES ARC, ARKANSAS, .
- »—■- rilHANKFUL to the
[ people for their past fa-|f )|
ClStsaH vor»,respectfully announces v U
that he has opened a shop at T. V. Lee’s old
i "tand, on Park street, where he is prepared to
1 ’Hall kinds of wont in the above line.
S^*Blaek»mithing, wagon and buggy build
i in?, wueelbarrows, repairing, &c., done on
hshort notice. ~
1 ^"Horse-shoeing done promptly,
feb 18-tf
JOHN Me NAME e7
T .1 IT OK,
Dee Arc, Arkansas.
O HOP ON BUENA ViSTA STHEET—
O opposite the “Nucleus House”—where he
is prepared to execute all kinds of work in
his line of business, in a neat and fashionable
■ style.
July 27, 1850.—[tf] _:
WM7 g it eens lad e,
Merchant Tailor,
Des Arc, Ark.,
SHOP on Buena Vi«ta street, one door West
of the Port office. All work executed in
j a neat and fashionable style.
feb2!)-ly.
"JORDAN BODEMER,
SHAVING, HAIR-CUTTING,
hair-dressing saloon.
SHAMPOOING AND HAIR-DYING,
BUENA VISTA Street, south-side, two
doors east of G. St J. McLaren’?, Des
I Arc, Arkansas. janll-tf.
I
PROFESSIONAL CARDS.
SW. SORRELLS, M. D., Physkdan a7d
• Surgeon, Brownsville, Ark. Office—At
Lightfoot’s Drug Store, Main st. je2_-tf
T. SANDERS. J. L. NEEL.
DRS. SANDERS & NEEL, Resident Phy
sicians, Des Arc, Ark., having formed a
partnership in the practice of their profession,
tender a continuation of their services to the
citizens of Des Arc and adjacent country.
Office — up stairs, corner of Buena Vista and
Woodruff streets. my26-tf
DR. H. ARMISTEAD having permanent
ly located at Des Arc, offers his pro
fessional services to the citizens of the town
and adjacent country.
Office on Lyon street, Martin & Simp
son’s Law Office. [march21-6m
DR. WM. BETHELL will continue tfee
Practice of Medicine in Des Arc and
vicinity. Prom his long experience in his
profession, and having resided in Arkansas
during the past fifteen years, he hopes to
receive a share of the public patronage.
Office at fialsly’s Drug Store. Resi
dence near the forks of the Little Rock and
Searcy roads, first house on the South side of
the road, entering the town. mar21-ly.
J. J. LANE.W. H. CHAMBERS.
DRS. LANE & CHAMBERShavingform
ed a partnership in the practice of
their profession, tender their services to the
citizens of Des Arc and adjacent country.
From their experience they hope to share
at least a portion of the patronage of the
public.
33?” Office on Buena Vista street, at Bals
ly’s Drug Store. fcblitf
DR. N. L. RAGLAND, having located at
the residence of R. B. Trezevant,
(formerly B. B. Allens place.) 2J miles from
Wattensaw Landing, offers his professional
services to the public.
(J^“ Particular attention given to deseases
of women and children. jan 1-ly.
TVR. W. F. WALSH, having located at
1/ Des Arc, offers his Professional Ser
vices to the public. Qffi" Calls promptly at
tended to. may29,1858-ly*
TJ. WOODSON, Attorney at Law,
. Des Arc, Arkdnsas, will practice in the
Fifth Judicial Ciicuit, and the counties of
White, Jackson and Monroe.
*.* All business entrusted to his care will
be promptly attended to. mayf-ly.
AW. McNEILL, Attorney at Law, Des
• Arc, Arkansas, practices in the courts
of Prairie and adjacent counties- 0^”Office,,,,
corner of Erwin and Lyon streets. [apll.
EW. DOUGLASS, Attorney at Law.
. Brownsville, Arkansas, will promptly
attend to all business entrusted to him, in
Prairie, Arkansas, Monroe, St. Francis, Jack
son and White counties.
*.* Prompt attention given to the collection
of all claims entrusted to his care. apr2fl
n. I>. TURNER..^.W*. T. JONES.
^FIURNER & JONES, Attorneys at
Law, Brownsville, Arkansas. Will at
tend promptly to all business entrusted to
them. jan4-tf.
r»4 R. LAWRENCE, Attorney at
* Law, Des Arc, Arkansas. Special at
tention given to collecting. jan4-tf.
Q H. HEMPSTEAD, Attorney at Law,
O • Little Rock, Arkansas. Office on Mark
ham street. janll-tf.
R. S. GANTT. W. J. BH.ONAUGH.
GANTT & BRONAUGH, Attorneys
at Law. Brownsville. Arkansas. Will
attend promptly to any business confided to
them. ___sept!4 tf
JACOB T. MORRILL, Attorney at
Law, Notary Public, and Justice of
rHE Peace, Clarington, (Sunfish,) Monroe
County, Ohio. QuI27-tf.
r. E. GATEWOOD... A. MOON.
fl ATEWOOD & MOON, Land
Agents and Real Estate Brokers,
Des Arc, Arkansas. Will attend to payment
of taxes, locating Government, Swamp or Mil
itary lands. Blanks of every description al
ways on hand. aug3-tf.
TB. KENT, Attorney at Law, Des Arc.
• Arkansas, will practice in the courts of
Prairie, White, Monroe, Arkansas, St. Fran
cis, Jackson, and Independence counties. All
business intrusted to his care shall meet with
prompt attention. 05?"OrpreE- on Lyon
street. [jun8-tf
T E. GATEWOOD, Attorney at
.1 Law. Des Arc, Prairie county. Arkansas.
Will practice in the counties ot prairie. Ar
kansas, Monroe, St. Francis, Jackson, White,
Conwav, and Pope. Will investigate Land
Titles,' and act as General Land Agent.
Prompt attention given to all business entrust
ed to him.
Office—First door up stairs, one door
East of John Jackson & Co.’s, Store.
febl3-tf. __
J. L. HOLI.OWF.LL.. D. JACOWAY.
HOLLOWELL & JACOWAY, At
torneys at Law, Dardanelle, Arkansas.
Will practice in the counties of Yell. Perry,
Saline, Pulaski, Prairie, Conway and Pope.
je26-tf
SPRING <$• SUMMER G 0 ODS! ! !
LEVIN HARRISON,
DEALER IN _
Foreign and Domestic
DRY GOODS,
CLOTHING, HARDWARE, HATS,
Boots, Slioes, &c.,
desarc.ark.
Is in receipt of his supply of Spring & Sum
mer Goods, consisting of all articles usually
found in Dry Goods Houses. His stock has
been selected with care, and expressly to suit
the trade of Des Arc. As to prices, he only
wishes dealers to call, and he will satisfy
them that he can SELL AS CHEAP and fur
nish as good articles as any other store in this
section of country.
lie hopes by strict attention to business,
and a determination to please all, to merit a
continuance of the liberal custom which the
house has received during the past two years
and a half. Capri 111
WASTED
A NEGRO BOY OR GIRL, large enough
to nurse a child ten months old. Apply
at this office. jeO-lf
JUST RECEIVED
Ten Dozen Hats—assorted.
mavl9-tf • G. & J. McDAREN Sl CO.
From the Memphis Avalanche.]
[In the following lines the reader will at
once recognize the sweetest warblings of a
well known songster. During the last twelve
months the writer has contributed many beau
tiful gems to the columns of the Avalanche
over the signature of “Zena Clifton but to
day she doffs the “ffom deplume” with which
she learned to sing and soar, and dons her r^l
name.
The theme selected by Miss Rozell is most
appropriate, since she graduated at Forest Hill
on Thursday last with the highest honors.
She is a young lady, not yet seventeen years of
age, and certainly gives promise of a brilliant
career. Pine Bluff, Arkansas is her home,
and she is an honor and an ornament to the
prosperous young State of her adoption. The
little barque she has consigned to the friendly
waves, gently glides off from the shore. We
trust she starts out upon the long voyage rich
in faith, trust and confidence, with strong
hands, a hopeful heart, and a determination to
quail not at the loud roar of the tempestuous
waters she will encounter. Every true friend
of literature will join us in the hope that tlft
fresh, warm zephyrs will fan her little barqul
with their softest breath—the summer clouds
distil their gentlest rains upon it—the skies
shed their sweetest dews around it, and the
bright and holy beams of morning ever greet it
with their sweetest smile. J
“MY BOAT ISON THE SEA!”
BY LILLIAN T. ROZELL.
My boat is on the floating wave,
Its sails are just unfurled ;
To pass the reefs, each pearly cave,
Around the wide, wide world.
’Tis launched alone upon the main,
At mercy of the wind j
And o’er the trackless, drear domain.
Will it the haven find?
For aye ! it’s kissed this peaceful shore,
Where wind nor storm may rave ;
Its moorings lopped—it rests no more—
“My barque is on the wave !”
Adieu, dear home of “Forest Hill,”
For I have loved you long!
And mem’ry e’er for thee will trill
^uujcdii atiui ru auii£.
The star of Hope doth sweetly gleam,
And throws it chastened ray,
To guide the barque, its silver beams,
And light it on the way.
No voice of love is heard to blend
In parting farewell dirge;
Alone the tiny boat must wend
Its path amid the surge.
And will it find Hesperian climes,
Isles of golden glory,
Where mingle with seraphic chimes,
The lays of olden story?
Sail on, my barque ! the world’s thy home !
Nor yet thy mast be riven ;
The gurgling waves still echo—“roam,
The pilot now is given.”
Yes, hie away: yon star beams bright,
Will guide thee safely there;
But o’er the waves a note peals light,
My soul is asking “where?”
Gayoso House, June 29, 1860.
From the Baltimore Sun, June 28.]
What was Done by Congress
During the session of Congress, which
dosed on Monday, there were passed sev
enty-one acts of a public character, one
hundred and forty-ejght private acts, and
twenty-seven joint resolutions. Among
the public acts are all the usual annual ap
propriation bills, the titles of which it is
not necessary to repeat. The titles of sev
eral others we subjoin:
An act making appropriations for the
payment of invalid and other pensioners
for the year ending 30th June, 1860. For
invalid pensioners under various acts, four
hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars;
for pensions to widows of those who served
in the Revolutionary War, under the third
section of the act of July 4, 1S36, the acts
the acts of July 7, 1838, March 3, 1843,
June 17,1844, February 2, and July 29,
1848, and second section of the act of
February 3, 1853, two hundred thousand
dollars; for pensions to widows and or
phans under other acts, sixty thousand dol
lars ; for navy invalid pensions, forty
three thousand dollars; lor navy pensions
to widows and orphans, under the act of
August 11, 1848, one hundred and twen
ty-eight thousand dollars; for privateer
invalids, one thousand dollars.
An act amendatory of an act to regulate
the carriage of passengers in steamships
and other vessels, and for the better pro
lection of female passengers. That a mas
ter, or any one under him, who shall, dur
ing a voyage, by any means, seduce, or
have illicit connection, shall be guilty of a
misdemeanor, and on conviction shall be
punished by a fine not exceeding one thou
sand dollars, or by imprisonment for not
more than one year. Subsequent mar
riage may be plead in bar of conviction.
Section two forbids, unless by direction or
permission of the master, the visits of of
ficers or seamen to that part of the vessel
assigned to emigrants, and on violation
and conviction, the offender shall forfeit
the wages of the voyage, and the master
who shall permit such visits shall be fined
fifty dollars for each offense. This sec
tion is to be posted on the vessel in Eng
lish, French and German. The bill also
provides that the court may direct the pay
ment of fines to the seduced female.
An act directing that when any person
shall indorse on any letter his or her name
and place of residence, as wriier thereof,
the same remaining uncalled for thirty
days, or the time the writer may direct,
shall be returned by mail to said writer,
and the same are not to be treated as dead
or advertised till they shall remain at the
post office of the writer one . quarter.
An act incorporating the United States
Agricultural Society. William W. Cor
coran, and others, their associates aud suc
cessors, are constituted, within the District
of Columbia, the United States Agricul
tural Society, with usual powers. All the
presents that lmve been made to the soci
ety are vested in it, and additional ones to
the value of one hundred thousand dollars.
The annual meetings are to be held in
Washington City on the second Wednes
day in January; anyone may become a
member by paying stipulated fees; the
secretary shall have his office in Wash
ington. Congress has power to amend
the act at any time.
An act amendatory of an art entitled an
act to amend an act entitled an act to es
tablish a criminal court in tho District of
Columbia. The amendment provides for
the holding of the court in case of tho
sickness or inability of the regular judge.
An act authorizing the corporation of
Georgetown, in the District of Columbia,
a sum of money advanced toward the con
struction of the Little Falls bridge.
An act to authorize the levy court to is
sue tavern and other licenses in the Dis
trict of Columbia.
An act to increase and regulate the
pay of the navy of the United States.
An act amending the act organizing an
institution for the insane of the anny and
navy, and for the District of Columbia in
sajd District, so that the Superintendent
may receive the insane belonging to the
army and navy and revenue cutter service,
by order of the Secretary of War, Navy
and Treasury.
An act to facilitate communication be
tween the Atlantic and Pacific States by
electric telegraph.
An act to amend an act entitled an act
in addition to the acis prohibiting tho slave
trade.
An act to authorize divorces in the
District of Columbia, and for other pur
poses.
An act providing for the punishment of
marshals and deputy marshals of the Uni
ted States, or othei ministerial officers, for
permitting the escape of prisoners in their
custody.
An an act to declare me meaning oi me
act entitled “An act making further pro
vision for the satisfaction of Virginia and
warrants,” passed August 31, 1852.
An act to carry into effect provisions of
the treaties between the United States,
China, Japan, Siam, Persia, and other
countries, giving certain judicial powers to
ministers and consuls, or other functiona
ries of the United States in those countries,
and for other purposes.
An act in relation to malicious injuries
to, and trespasses upon public and private
property within the District of Columbia.
An act to amend an act entitled an act
for giving effect to certain treaty stipula
tions between this and foreign govern
ments for the apprehension and delivery
up of certain offenders.
An act authorizing the loan of twenty
one millions of dollars, and providing for
the redemption of treasury notes.
An act providing for the erection of a
post office in the city of Philadelphia.
An act to authorize the location of cer
tain warrants for bounty lands heretotore
issued.
An act to authorize the re-issue of land
warrants in certain cases, and for other
purposes.
How Congress Elects the Presi
dent and Vile President.—The House
of Representatives lias nothing whatever
to do with the election of a Vice President,
nor the Senate with the election of a Pre
sident, the powers of each body are dis
tinct and entirely independent of the other.
If no President be cljosen by the elec
tors, the House of Rep^sentatives may
choose the President, their choice being
restricted to the persons having the high
est numbers, not exceeding three on the
list of those voted for the President.
If no Vice President be chosen by the
electors, the Senate shall choose a Vice
President from the two highest numbers
on the list of those voted for Vice Presi
dent.
If the House fails to elect a President
hofnro t 4th rtf TVT n vnli nuYt fnl I ntuin nr
-- - — - — o»
then the Vice President, whether elected
by the electors or by the Senate, shall act
as President.
The rule or manner of voting under
which the Senate chooses a Vice President
is exactly the reverse of that of the House
in choosing a President—each being the
reverse of the general principles or basis
upon which the respective bodies arc or
ganized. The House, representing the
people, and ordinarily voting per capita,
vole for President by the States, the re
presentation from each State having one
vote, and a majority of all the States be
ing necessary to a choice. The Senate,
representing the States—in the theory, at
least, and the manner of electirg Senators
-—votes for President jiar capita, each Sen
ator being entitled to a vote, and a major
ity of all the Senators being necessary tc
a choice.
A Constant Mieacle.—The Eiblc
itself ir a standing and astonishing mira
cle. Written fragment by fragment,
throughout the coarse of fifteen centuries,
under different slates of society, and in
different languages, bypersous of the most
opposite tempers, talents and conditions,
learned and unlearned, prince and peas
ant, bond and ftee: cast into every kind
of instructive composition and good writing,
history, prophecy, poetiv. allegbrv, em
blematic representation, judicious interpre
tation, literal statement, precept, example,
proverbs disquisitions, epistle, sermon,
prayer—in short, ai! rational shapes of
human discourse, nud treating, moreover,
on subjects not obvious, but most difficult;
its authors are not found, like other wri
ters, contiadicting one another upon the
most ordinary matters of fact and opinion,
but are at harmony upon the whole of their
, sublitre and momentous scheme.
Sketches of the Candidates.
JOHN C. BRECKINRIDGE, OK KENTUCKY.
Mr. Breckinridge, the candidate for
President, '.vas born near Lexington, Ky.,
January 16, 1821 ; was educated at Cen
tre College, Kentucky; spent n few months
at Princeton ; studied law nt the Truusyl
vnnia Institute, and was admitted to the
bar at Lexiugton, where he practiced his
profession with success. During the war
with Mexico he served in one of tho Ken
tucky regiments as Major, and whilst in
that ‘country made many warm friends
amongst the officers of the army, and es
tablished an honorable reputation as a sol
dier and a gcntlemun. His campaigning
over, he returned to the practice of law in
Kentucky, where he soon made a name
for himself at a bar renowned for tho learn
ing, eloquence and acumen of its mem
bers. In 1841 he was elected to the State
Legislature. In this new sphere he at once
established for himself a distinguished po
sition as an orator. His style is compact,
severe and logical, whilst his views on pub
lic questions are marked by solidity and
breadth. These qualifications induced the
party to select him as their candidate in
1851—a Congressional nomination in op
position to General Leslie Coombs, a
strong man—and the result was the elec
tion of the Democratic nominee. In 1852
he was re-elected, after one of the hottest
canvasses ever knowq in the State. His
oppoueut was Gen. R. P. Letcher. Among
his numerous and brilliant speeches, that
on the Nebraska Bill, delivered March 23,
1854, may be instanced as a masterpiece
of high toned oratory and conclusive rea
soning. During his administration Presi
dent Pierce tendered to him the mission to
Spain, but domestic affairs forbade its ac
ceptance. Ever ready, however, to do bat
tle for his party, he did not hesitate to ac
cept the nomination for Vice President on
the ticket with James Buchanan. He was
elected, and entered upon the duties of his
office in March, 1857. By virtue of his
office lie is the Pres.dent of the United
States Senate. As a presiding officer he
takes a high rank. Fie has just been elect
ed to the United States Senate for six years
from the 4th of March, 1861, to take the
place of Mr. Crittenden, whoso term then
expires. Mr. Breckinridge is about thir
ty-nine years old, and is possessed of a
moderate fortune accumulated by his own
efforts.
JOSEPH LANE, OP OREGON.
General Joe Lane, the candidate for
Vice President was born in North Caroli
na, December 14, 1801. In his fifteenth
year he became a clerk .in a mercantile
house in Indiana. In 1821 he married
and settled on the banks of the Ohio, in
Indiana, where his family continue to re
side. In 1822 he was chosen a member
of the Legislature, serving in that capaci
ty, with occasional intervals, until 1846.
He supported General Jackson in 1824
’28-’32;Van Buren in 1836-40, and
Polk in 1844. His course while in the
State Legislature was marked by a devoted
patriotism, and a singleness of purpose to
advance the prosperity of Indiana. Fie
was most active in the arrangement by
which the State was saved from bankrupt
cy, and her honor from the stain of repu
diation. None but those who were resi
dents of the Slate in that trying time can
sufficiently estimate his invaluable servi
ces on this important question. Iu the
year 1846 he was a member of the State
Senate, but resigned bis seat when a call
was marie on Indiana to furnish volunteers
for the Mexican war. He entered the ar
my as a private, and, in a few month af
terwards, was appointed Brigader Gener
al. He served with distinction during the
war, and covered himself with honor.—
About August 1,1848, he reached Indiana,
where a succession of public receptions
were tendered him, but to which he had
no time to respond, for on the 18th of Au
gust he was commissioned Governor of
Orecron. without hia solicitation, and or
ganized the government; was elected del-1
egate to Congress in 1851, and is now one
of the United States Senators from the
State of Oregon. In politics General Lane
is a Democrat of the Jefferson and Jack
son school, and is thoroughly acquainted
with the history and politics of this coun
try. His retentive memory and quick, ac
tive intellect enable him to turn to imme
diate and effective use the more important
facts and incidents connected with our in
stitutions. He is more a man of action
than words—more practical than theoreti
cal—and presents himself with a mind
formed rather by a rtudy of things than of
their mere names.
American Aristocracy—Heroes of
the Revolution.—It may be a consola
tion to “ stuck up people,” whose greatest
boast it is that they have never engaged
in any useful employment, to be told of
the following facts:
Washington was a surveyor and farmer.
Franklin was a printer.
Green was a blacksmith.
Warren was a physician.
Sumter was a shepherd.
Roger Sherman was a shoemaker.
Marion was a farmer, as was also Fui
nara, Allen and Stark.
Hangcck was a shipping merchant.
Trumbull was an artist.
Arnold (who, though a truitor, was a
brave man r-nd a good general) was a
bookseller and druggist.
-Why should man be so terrified at the
•omission of night air into ar.y of his apart
ments? It is nature’s ever-flowing current, and
never carries tho destroying angel with it.—
See how soundly the delicate little wren and
tender little robin sleep under its full and im
mediate influence, and how fresh, slid vigor
ous and joyous they rise amid the surrounding
dew-drops of the morning. Although exposed
all night long to the air of heaven, their lungs
I are never out of order; and this we knew by
t the dsily repetition of their songs.
Ancient and Modern Productiveness of
Land.
One of the most interesting and impor
tant questions for the political economist to
settle is how our skill in agriculture has
improved the productiveness of the land in
proportion to the labor bestowed upon it.
Caesar tells us that, in his day, the North
ern British tribes never sowed their lands,
but, like our Indians, lived on tho chase.
They kept cows, (the short horn Durham
then, as now, probably being a favorite.)
In the South of England, however, lands
were belter cultivated nnd even quite well
manured. Tho use of marl was well
known to them and used with great dis
crimination. They used the plough and
the flail, and stored their wheat inqjrcular
subterranean chambers. The remains of
some of these have been discovered in this'
century. The Romans no doubt did some
thing to develop the agriculture of Britain,
although they had first sought the British
Isle for its commerce in tin, and then
sought to reduce it by their armies, and
soldiers are seldom good farmers.
During the Anglo-Saxon period great
attention was paid to agriculture, and the
foundation of that taste laid which has
since made the English the best farmers
in the world for improving their lands. In
the time of Ethelbert a working man or
slave was sold for from eight to fourteen
dollars, a horse for two-thirds that amount,
and a cow for about a dollar and-a-lmlf, a
pig for a half a dollar, and a sheep for a
quurter.
After the Saxons had settled down great
care was taken of wood land. Arable land
was enclosed with fencss and gates. But
three parts out of four of the lands seem to
have been used for pasturage, and most of
this in common. An acre of land would
sometimes be sold for the price of four
sheep. But yet it has been calculated that,
A. D. 700, twelve hundred acres would
rent for what is equivalent to 8,500, and
that the whole produce of such a farm
won I a be about ten tunes mat amount, or
$5,000 ; equal to $4 per acre.
In those days, while the farmers farad
well, the serf* or laborer* were about as
poorly treated as slaves. One-fifth even
of the cattle are supposed to have died of
starvation during the winter, if severe.—
Still, all sorts of good eating known now
were always plentifully exhibited on the
table at the manor-house. As commerce
advanced, the price of sheep rose on ac
count of the wool; so that, on an average,
they would bring a dollar; but at some
seasons of the year twenty-five cents was
considered an ample price. Manuring
was carried on, and ploughing with four
oxen. The plough stirred up the ground
pretty deep; but no attempt seems to have
been made to turn the dean furrow, upon
which all depends with us. The spade,
and the pick-axe, the axe, the scythe and
flail were in common use. The sickle was
used for reaping, and the pitch-fork more
largely than with us, and they had wag
ons and carts.
After thq time of the Conquest the land
wa3 more highly manured, breeding horses
and eattle became a passion of the Nor
mans, and they drained vast extents of
land. The Monks were, however, the
most active and most progressive farmers
of this period. Thomas A. Becket him
self, the Archbishop of Canterbury, and
the most proud and ambitious prelate of all
England, would go and take a turn in the
field at hay-making time of reaping.—
They now ploughed their lands twice in
summer and once in winter, to prepare
them for wheat. Gardens, orchards and
vineyards were carefully planted and mar
ket gardens at Fulham and other places
were established. Thus only by slow de
grees and long experiments has England
been brought up to its present slate of fer
tility. More has been done, however,
within the last fifty years than in any five
hundred previously. What the next nlty
years will bring who shall tell ?—[Ledger.
-♦ « —
The Southern Negroes’Catechism.
—The Synod ofMississippi has published
“ a catechism for the religious instruction
of the solored people,” in which the fol
lowing questions and answers occur:
Q.—Are not the servants bound to obey
their masters?
A.—Yes—the Bible exhorts servants to
be obedient to your masters, and to please
them in all thiugs.
Q.—If a master be unreasonable, may
the slave disobey ?
A.—No; the Bible 3ays, ‘‘Servants, be
subject to your masters with all fear, nol
only to the good and gentle, but also to the
forward.”
Q.—What does the Bible say to servants
on the subject ?
A.—They are to obey, not with eye ser
vIce as men-pledgers, but as the servahts
of Christ.
Q.—.If servants suffer unjustly, what
are they to do ?
A.—They must bear it patiently.
P. —Ought servants to rebel against the
authority of their masters?
A.—No; it is a sin against God and
man.
Q. —How do we know this ?
A.—The Bible tells us that the Apoflle
Paul found a servant who had run away
from his master, and sent him home.
Q.—Why did not Paul conceal him, that
ks might be free ?
A.—Because he would not make reli
gion a cloak *01 injustice
-A friend of corn said, “Last spring I
bought a little pig from a farmer, as he was
good for eating, but wouldn’t grow much. He
got so, after a weak or two, that he would eat
a bucket at each time, and then, like Oliver
Twist, call for‘more.’ Weil, one morning 1
carried up a water bucke, full of slops, and af
ter be had swallowed it all, I picked up the pig,
and put him in the saina bucket I had fed him
from, and the little scamp didn’t fill it half
op.”
JaPANF8ECi.00K.-The Japanese make
clocks, and herein, by ihe way, they have
shown remarkable ingenuity and skill.—
Meylan gives the following account of a
clock which they made, and exhibited to
the Dutch, while ho was nn inmate of Do
zima :
“ The clock is contained in a frame three
feet high by five feetdong, and present* a
Cair landscape at noontide. Plum and
cherry trees in full blossom, with other
plants adorn the foreground. The back
ground consist of a hill, from which falls
a cascade, skillfully imitated in glass, that
forms a softly flowing river, first winding
round rocks placed here arid there, then
running across the middle of the landscape
till lost in a wood of fir trees. A golden
sun hangs aloft in the sky, and turning on
n pivot indicates the striking of the hours.
On the Irame below, the twelve hours of
day and night ore marked, where a slowly
creeping tortoise serve* as a hand. A bird,
perched Upon the branch of a plum tree,
by its songs and the olapping of its wings,
announces tho moment when the hour ex
pires ; and as the song ceases, a bell is
heard to strike the hour—during which
operation a mouse comes out of the grotto
and runs over the hill. # # * # *
Every separata part was nicely executed ;
but the bird was too large for the tree, and
the sun for the sky, while the mouse scal
ed tho mountain in a moment of time."
Whatever may have been the defects in
taste, the ingenuity and skill in this piece
of mechanism are very apparent.
——“Susan,asked Charley,” “WJiat.animal
dropped from the clouds?” “The rain,dear,”
was the whispered reply. •
——Dr. Franklin used to say that rich wid
ows were the only pieces of second hand goods
that sold at prime cost.
—There is a man who Is such a tremen
dous hater of monarchy that ho will not even
wear a crown In his hat.
Advice to Creditors.—When you cannot
I collect the money from a debtor, don’t forget
to make a note of It.—f Boston Post.
—The confidential friendship of two bad
and cunning men is generally an injury to
othors and no benefit to themselves.
-—Memory is not so brilliant as hope, but
it is almost as beautiful, and a thousand times
as truo.
— “Confusion to the men,” saida carpen
ter, “that invented working by candlelight I”
“Ay, or by daylight either,” rejoined his ap
prentice.
-Fun is worth more than physic, and
whoever invents or discovers a new source of
supply deserves the name of a public benefac
tor.
— True friendship increases as life’s end
approaches, just, as tne shadow lengthens with
every degree the sun declines towards its set
ting.
-It is absurd to believe that Heenan and
Sayers are the two best men in England and
America, when all the men who bet on them
are their betters.
-Several papers are still agitating the
question, can Douglas carry the South ? How
ever this may be, it seems that the South can
not carry Douglas—they have dropped him.
-The sacred book of the ancient Persians
says: “If you wish to be asaint, instruct your
children, because all the good they do will be
imputed to you.”
—“Tommy, my son, what are you doing
there with your feet dangling in the water?”
“Trying to catch cold, ma, so thst I may have
some more of those cough loxenges you gave
me yesterday.”
-■ Enjoy the blessings of this day, if God
send them, and the evils of it bear patiently
and sweetly, for this day is only ours—we are
dead to yesterday, and we are not born to the
morrow.
—— Good health is but a proper mixture of
pure air, of wholesome food, of physical amuse
ments, of mental recreations, or moral plea
sure, of sparkling water, of habits of indus
try, of cleanliness, and of sweet naps.
-He who has struck his colors to the
power of an evil habit has surrendered him
self to an enemy bound by no articles of faith,
and from whom he can expect only the vilest
treatment.
-We know a pretty young lady who has
a naslltul lover naineu joy. one is impatient
to have him “pop the question,” and thinks
of availing herself of the female privilege of
Leap year. In that case, she would “leap for
Joy.”
-In a window of a shop In an obscure
part of London is the following announce
ment : “Goods removed, messages taken, car
pets beaten, and poetry composed on any sub
ject.” It strikes us the author of that sign
is not an Englishman.
-A lady on Long Island challenges any
young inan, under twenty-one, to a foot-race,
and seems to entertain no fear of defeat. She
evidently thinks that it would reflect discredit
upon a lady of mature age to “run after” a
young man of such tender years.
-Time is but the stream t go a-fishing in,
I drink at it; birt while I drink £ see the san
dy bottom, and detect how shallow it is. Its
thin current slides away, but eternity remains.
I would drink deeper; fish in the sky, whose
bottom is pebbly with stars.
-A politician, who has no resources of
his own, always connects himself with souio
great temporary excitement, just as a hungry
shark rushes along in the wake of a ship to
pick up the damaged provisions, amputate*!
limbs, ami even old shoes, that may be thrown_
overboard.
-“You can do anything if you only have
patience,” said an old uncle who hail made a
fortune to a nephew who had nearly spent one.
“Water may be carried in a sieve, if you can
only wait.” “How long V” asked the petulant
spendthrift, who was impatient for the old
man’s dealh. His uncle cooly replied, “Till
it freezes!”
-At a dinner party one day, a certain
knight, whose character was considered to be
not altogether unexceptionable, said he would
give them a toast; and looking hard in the
face of Mrs. M-, who was more celebrated
for wit than beauty, gave, “Honest men and
bonny lasses!” “V(Titli all my heart, Sir John.”
said Mrs. M——j “for it neither applies to you
nor mo.”
Pray, sir,” asked one man of another,
with whom he had got into apolitical dispute,
in a railroad car, “Pray, sir, who is your can
didate for the Presidency ? Bell?”
“Bell, sir! Hell, sir! No, sir 1 My candi
date, sir,is Mr. Dougridge—I—l—mean—Mr.
Brecklas ; d—n it, sir, what is it to you, sir ?
My candidate is the regular Democratic can
didate, and all right.”
_An old Grecian philosopher advised all
men to know themselves. That’s advising a
good many to form very low and disreputable
acquaintances.