Or. Mendenhall’s
CHILL and FEVER
CURE
(This Picture on Every Bottle)
Cures Chills. Fevers. Malaria. Bilious
ness. Take it aa a General Tonio and at all
times in place of Quinine. Broaka up Coughs,
Colds and LaGrippe. NO CUBE. NO PAY
J. C. MENDENHALL.
Sole OwnerEvansville. Indiana
Paracamph
* TIR3T AID TO THE INJU8ED *
A Revolution in the
Treatment of External Injuries.
When applied freely it penetrates
to the source of the ailment and Cools,
Soothes and Heals from beneath the
surface drawing out all Fever and
Inflammation by causing copious
sweating. This is the reason Para
quickly cures Burns, Cuts, Bruises,
Sore Muscles, Sore Chest. Muscular
Rheumatism, Stiffness, Skin Eruptions,
Swelling and all Inflammations.
Every bottle Guaranteed
* to five satisfaction or money refunded.
(25c, 50c and $1.00 bottles,
AT ALL GOOD DRUG STORES.
DR. CHAS. E. CARROLL
Dentist
Successor to Black Bros.
Office: Watson Building
Rooms 1, and 3.
TELEPHONE NO. 31.
Newport, - Arkansas.
1 ■ !
In Any Light.
Make finished pictures on
Uhe
Kodak Plan
Load and unload Kodaks or Brownie
cameras anywhere. Develop without
dark-room in the Kodak Developing
Machine. Print by day or night on Dekko.
Kodaks, ■ ■ ’ 25 t# 275,
Kodak Developing Machines,
. . f6 and 97.SO.
Brownie Cameras. - M *nd 22>
“Brownie” Developing
Machines. * * 2“*
EASTMAN KODAK CO.
^statogue at the dealt* Rochester. N V
o* by mail.
RHEUMATISM CM
By Paracamph..
Mr E. L. Hawkins, 123 West 87th
St., New York City, Says:
have used Paracamph in a severe case
of Rheumatism, and will say that I got
immediate, relief. I have tried almost
every preparation that is now before the
public, and find that Paracamph is witb
* out question the best remedy for Rheu
^ matism. I wish you success and heartily
recommed Paracamph ”
jMr Hawkins is only one out of many
thousands that have been cured by the
wonderful penetrating remedy Paracamph
This new remedy is a scientific prepara
tion which when applied, opens the pores
of the skin, allowing the soothing, cool
ing oils to penetrate to seat of the ailment,
removing the soreness and congestion,
drawing out the fever and inflammation
by inducing sweating. It sweats out the
rain and aches, aud this is Nature s plan.
Don't min your stomach with strong
internal medicines for Rheumatism, Neu
ralgia, gore Joints, etc. We guarantee
Paracamph to relieve and cure you if used
as directed. If it fails your druggist will
refund your money. If your druggist don t
handle Paracamph ask him to get lor v ou.
If he won’t do this send direct to us.'
But don’t take any substitute because there
is nothing juk as good. Paracamph is sold
only in 25 cet®, 5® cent, and f 1.00 bottles.
The 50 cent fize contains three times as
much as the 25f*nt size'> the $1.00 bottles
eight times as nfe* “ 2* cTent
.The Paracam*g®P“y
THE CATCHING OF CRABS.
Some Facta About the Chesapeake
Soft-Shell and His Captors—
A Summer Industry.
The Chesapeake soft-shell crab
is a delicacy and a luxury in every
market between the Atlantic and
Denver; and he grows more and
move popular as season follows
season.
The season of the soft-shell crab
is from the early days of May to
the late days of September, and
its chief or best cultivated and
most patronized habitat is the
shallow and warm nooks, sounds
and inlets of Chesapeake bay.
Here it swarms like ants in a hill,
like bees in a posy garden, like
prairie dogs in a rodent town.
Jersey waters produce some crabs;
but the Chesapeake crabbers
supply the market; and they make
money by doing it.
The crabbing fleet numbers per
haps 1,500 boats — little crafts
they are, usually with a tiny cabin;
manned by two or more men. Not
less than 500 of these boats sail
from the little village of Crisfield,
Md., alone.
The crabs are caught by trailing
along the bottom of the shallow
waters, through the sea grass and
sea weed, a light cage of iron, a
__A .4 .1^ -l-X__J__11^.1
■vac vi oncicivu auu bvv^j vantu
by the crabbers a drag. It is
drawn up frequently; empty but
seldom. The take is from 200
crabs a day at the opening of the
season to 1,000 crabs a day in mid
season, to each boat worked by
two men.
The crabs are graded by size,
crated and shipped to market.
Hard-shell crabs are taken to
the “crab yard,” where they are
detained imprisoned in frames,
and examined daily to see if they
have shed their hard shells. Such
as have are taken out and packed
for transportation to market.
The captive may shed his shell in
a day or two or he may wear It
for a month.
NEW USE OF PHONOGRAPH.
British Cabinet Minister Dictates to
the Machine and the “Records”
▲re Sent to His Clerks.
Since his accession to cab
toet rank Mr. Graham Murray has
made a, still greater use of the
phonograph for the conduct of his
correspondence as secretary of
state for Scotland than he did
during the period when he acted
as lord advocate in the same de
partment, says the London
Graphic. Some five or six dozen
“records” are now constantly is
use, and to these the minister die
tates the replies to his numerous
letters, together with a mass ol
other detail work connected witli
the office over which he presides
These are then forwarded to Lon
don, if he happens to be in Scot,
land, and the contents are taker
down by his secretaries in White
hall. This done, the “records” ar*
scraped oE and the cylinders ar<
once more ready for use. By keep
ing a phonograph both in Londoi
and Scotland the secretary o
state, alone among his rolleaguei
in Mr. Balfour’s reconstructec
cabinet, is able to give viva-voc<
instructions to his department a'
a distance of some hundreds o
miles.
Queer Speculation.
The sermon of a British vica
charging great immorality in th<
pottery towns in Staffordshire hai
caused discussion of life in tin
potteries. A curious feature ii
speculation on the lives of others
The business of the insurance com
panics fhere is largely directed t
persuading people to insure th
lives of others as a speculatior
Wives are urged to insure thei
husbands, and sons and daughter
to take out a policy on thei
parents’ lives. For a penny
week a girl insures her father fo
£5. No medical examination is n
qnired, and it is simply a gambl
on death. This was amusingl
shown by a recent case. A docto
in one of the pottery towns wa
reported to be dying of cancel
The rumor was false, and the do<
tor, completely recovered of hi
illness, was surprised to lear
that his charwoman had stake
twopence a week his death.
Before After.
During conrtaMp a girl think
marriage is a haven of rest i
which she wiU ha free from a
worry and car*. After marriag
•be has another think cosning.
I Chicago Daily Nawa.
BRAIN ASLEEP KEEPS TIME.
Wrapt la Slumber Maa Bu Better
Idea et Hoar Thaa Wbea
▲wake.
That a man may have a better idea of
the time of night when he awakens
from a good sleep than he would have
ef the time of day, provided he were
forking unusually hard, with unusual
lntentneas of purpose, Is one of the odd
facts connected with the operation of the
human brain, says the Chicago Tribune.
But on the other hand, If a man may
work with such intensity of purpose as
to forget the lapse of two or three houre
of daylight, so he may sleep with a
soundness that prevents the little time
keeper of the brain from making sub
conscious note of the hour hand of the
clock In the night. As between the two
conditions, however, it Is the opinion of
Dr. O. A. King, professor of nervous dis
eases In the College of Physicians and
Surgeons, that the awakened sleeper
usually has a better Idea of the flight of
the night than the other may have of the
flight of the day.
“Under ordinary circumstance* the
person who Is in normal sleep Is not
asleep," said the doctor. “That one nook
In the brain which takes cognizance of
time Is alert to an extent not appreciated
by the layman. Awakening at any time
in the night the person In good health
and condition knows pretty closely
whether it Is midnight or after, or
whether It be nearer two o’clock In the
morning thap it Is to four o’clock. Many
persons have the faculty so cultivated
that they know within the quarter hours
of the exact time.
“On the other hand It Is a common ex
* a U wAtMUAnA 4 m nil Hna l\f WAPlr
---
suddenly to look at the clock and ex
press the keenest surprise that It Is so
late In the afternoon or the evening;
and occasionally one who has been work
ing to poor advantage and under dif
ficulties will be surprised on looking at
his watch that It is so early.
"That the brain in sleep keeps this
tally upon the time Is proved by the In
fluences of anaesthetics. A person who
has been profoundly under the Influence
of any drug used for the purpose will be
as utterly unconscious of the passing of
ten minutes as he will be unconscious
of the passing of an hour. He may be
forgetful of all conditions leading up to
the state of anaesthesia and for the time
being he may have forgotten the day of
the week.
“As to the time measurement in sleep,
It 1# best represented in the person used
to travel and to the catching of train* In
the night. Many of these persons will bq
able to awaken at an hour giving them
Just the margin needed for preparation
lor the train.
"One of the peculiarities of a person’s
waking for a train, or for any such emer
gency, Is that the awakening always is
sudden. There is none of the prelimi
nary yawning, and stretching, and slow
ly returning sense of luxurious rest and
comfort felt by the man who has slept
a full sleep. In this awakening to a
certain time the person frequently feels
that Impression of a sudden sound which
he knows cannot have been made or
uttered. Not Infrequently he has the
sense that some one has called'his name.
He may be almost certain that he has
heard his first name—‘George?’—called
with the characteristic rising inflection.
In almost any case his awakening 1*
without any premonitory symptoms. It
Is with a sort of Jolt that he comes Into
full fledged consciousness. In such cases
as those where ths sleep Is profound be
yond any consciousness of the time, CUo
dream period of sleep l* left far behind;
the sleep has approached the depth of
anaesthesia."
Oneof the oddities of sleep was referred
to in which a person may lie down tor
rest without intending to sleep. It may
be morning or afternoon, but the fatigue
that prompts the person to lie down
i overcomes him, and, after a sound sleep,
he awakens without any knowledge of
time in any sense. He does not realize
whether It Is morning or afternoon;
i whether he has had luncheon, or wheth
| er he may not have slept through a day
' i __ J - _3 *tiAiksf
. i day. It Is the opinion of Dr. King that In
such a case the person experiencing the
‘ sensations probably is not In a normal
; state of health.
' As an example of sleep that should lx
natural and close to the design of nature,
and of an awakening that should b«
normal without the effect of an artificial
. I civilization crowding It, the babe which
has rested to the full and begins to
' arouse itself from slumber Is an lntereat
l lng study._
1 Chloroform for Floats.
1 Albert Maumene, In the Review Scl
. entlflque, Paris, referring to experi
ments of M. Johannsen, of the Agricul
tural school of Copenhagen, gives It ai
1 his opinion that by the use of anee
* thetics, such as ether and chloroform
. early forcing In plant development bj
p present methods will all be superseded
9 since the anesthetizing process make*
possible the flowering of these plant)
r four or five months earlier than the or
l dlnary methods of forcing.
r Descriptive.
' "What Is that nickname you bar*
0 given your boy?”
v "Flying machine," answered the farm
er. “You see, he's very interestin’ am
promising, but he won’t work.”—Lon
9 don Answers.
• .
Throwing Dog OS the Scent.
If a layer of stiff, brown paper is glue*
S to the sides and soles of the usual shoot
n lng boots, a dog will not follow Its mas
j ter’s tracks, but when the paper get
worn through at the heels so that 1
touches the ground, the scent is caugh
at once and speedily followed.
8 Tobacco for Cigarettes.
Q It Is said that all the great cigar etc
,. smoking people Invariably smoke cigar
sttes of dark colored tobacco. Pro
e wine tasters say that cigarette
- made light colored tobacco dostroj
' TAX THE "DRUMMER" PAYS
▲ Considerable Item in Commercial
Traveler’s Expense Account in
Host European Countries.
Three or four drummer*, say*
Comfort, had engaged in a warm
discussion over the bane of the
drummer’s existence on the road,
the "drummer’s tax”—not so bad
as it used to be, however, when
small towns all over the country
levied tribute on every traveling
man who visited them.
"By Jove,” said a man from a
New York silk firm, "you ought
to try it over on the other side.
What they do here isn’t to be
spoken of in comparison. Here
it is merely a small local matter.
Over there it is national. At least
it is for any of us who come from
foreign countries. In Denmark,
for Instance, there is an annual
tax of $42.88 if a man represents
one house and half that for each
other house represented. In Nor
way you have to have a trade pass
good for 30 days, costing $26.80.
France is easier and you don’t
have anything but a business
passport, which costs no' more
than you want to pay. In Hol
land you have to have an indus
trial tax receipt, which costs six
dollars. In Sweden the price is
the same as in Norway, $26.80,
and if you try to get out of it you
will catch a fine of from the price
of the trade pass up to $184, and
they are strict about it, too.
“In Austria you have only to
show a proper trade license and
in Switzerland a business pass
port. They don’t cost any more
than you want to give up to the
chaps who let you have them. In
Russia the price is $25.75 as trade
tax and $5.15 extra as a communal
tax. And if you are a Jew you
don’t want to go to Russia to sell
goods. You may be all right, but
Russia doesn’t like that kind and
shows it by pushing the ‘drummer
tax’ on Jews up to $275.50, be
sides the communal tax of $5.15.
England’s the -place, though,
where you want to go. That’s the
great free trade land and you can
go anywhere and everywhere and
seli to anybody and everybody and
never pay a penny. They are so
free over there that, by Jove, you
almost feel like asking the coun
try to pay yon a few hundred a
year just because you are there.”
FAVORABLE FOR OYSTERS.
English. Royal Commission Report*
That Danger of Typhpid Infec
tion Ha* Been Exaggerated.
The English £oyal commission
on sewage disposal has issued a
report that should tend to allay
the frequent “oyster scare*”
caused by the assertion that shell
fish are polluted and made unfit
to eat by typhoid germs. They are
of the opinion that there Is not at
present exact knowledge warrant
ing such sweeping measures as
the compulsory purification of
sewage before discharge, for there
is nothing, they state, in the ap
pearance of shellfish to distin
guish those which hare been ex
posed to sewage contamination
irom most* wuiru uave uuiveeusu
exposed.
The denial of the validity ot
bacteriological examination as a
test is very important, for this
test has rested on the assumption
that the bacillus coll communis, or
other allied organism, does not
normally occur In the oyster. Over
1,000 oysters taken from the pui*
eat waters and from beds obviously
liable to pollution were examined
and the bacillus coli was found in
nearly all of them, from whatevei
laying they were taken, though as
a rule a very mnch smaller num
ber of bacilli was found in those
from pure than in those from
polluted waters. The commis
sioners say:
“If it should be seriously con
tended that the mere presence of
i bacillus coli, or collltke microbeB,
in an oyster should condemn it,
| few oysters would probably es
. cape condemnation.”
Concerning the possibilities ot
the communication of disease by
1 shellfish, they state that these is a
' prima facia probability that ai
‘ times living typhoid bacilli might
t be conveyed by shellfish to the con
i slamer and produce enteric fever.
Experience confirms their view*
that the extent to which the ill
1 ness is actually conveyed cannot
be determined,' the qpeseut state
; of Knowledge on the subfect not
it possible to make as ao
laorste numeric*! itrteaetffc
Pimples ?
Pimples, boils, scrofula, sores and
other disfiguring skin eruptions arise
from impure blood and why take
evil tasting doses of drug saturated
alcohol, when you can get small,
pleasant and tasteless Johnston’s
Tonic Capsules. They make pure
blood and cure skin troubles.
Johnston'* Tonic Capsules sr* ths very best
vegetable blood medicines condensed into a small,
easily taken, tasteless capsule, without alcohol.
You can carry them in a tiny box in the pocket
•nd take them anywhere without attracting
notice. In them you get the condensed curative*
of true medicinal plants, roots, barks, blossom*,
leaves end fruit — the health-giving qualitiae
nature has stored in the products of held, swamp
and wildwood.
Johnston's Tonic Capsule* are the surest,
safest, most reliable, convenient and satisfactory
medicine that can be taken to purify and enrich
the blood. They unload it of every impurity and
at the same time so promote the nutritive func>
tions as to abundantly supply it with new, rich end
life-sustaining qualities. They make the blood
pure and rich, and through pure blood the bodily
structure* come right, because they depend on
the blood for nourishment and renewal.
For over 40 years Johnston’s Tonic Capsules
have been held in high esteem as a most reliable
and satisfactory remedy for acrofula, rheuma
tism, eczema, old sorea, painful swellings, kernels
and enlarged glands, catarrh, scurvy, bolls, liver
complaint, dyspepsia, jaundice, constipation,
kidney troubles and a long list of common nils
and ills.
We have great confidence In this medicine; n
confidence born of many years' experience with
it, and we make the following extraordinary
offer; Send us a dollar for a Urge box of John
ston’s Tonic Capsules, or buy the same of dealer
whose name appears below, use half of them, and
if you are not satisfied, mail the balance to us and
we will return your money. Teat them at our risk
and be your own judge. Michigan Drug Co..
Detroit, Mich.
DR. KERMOTT’S LIVER REGULATOB
Positively Cures Pimples and Dyspepsia.
Bhedden, May 80,1891.
Gentlemen:—On© year ago now my face pre
sented a horrible appearance from pimples and
blotches, I also was much troubled with dyspepsia
and constipation; had tried physicians and patent
medicines, but received little good. A friend recom
mended Dr. Kerraott'8 Liver Regulator. I found It
allthatcould bedesired.lt having removed all my
troubles and willingly bear my testimony.
Mrs. Wesley Stafford.
Price 15 cents per package, or five packages for $1.00.
Ask for FREE sample.
For Sale at Dutton’s Drug Store._
Southern Hotel,
RA VENDEN SPRINGS, ARK.
Is now open and ready
FOR SUMMER GUESTS.
Rates $7.00 per Week.
The most beautiful Home Resor
in the State of Arkansas.
-UTHIA WATERS
WOOD & HUMPHREYS
Art and Frame Company
Enlarge Portraits in Oil, Water
Colors, Pastel Sepirose,
Crayon and Sepia.
Guarantee Satisfaction.
BRADFORD. - ARKANSAS.
CHAS. R. HITE
Farm, City and Timber
Lands Bought and Sold.
Farm Insurance
Notary Public.
Will Pay Your Taxes.
Call or write, No. 107 Hazel
street, Newport. Ark.
DR. IRA H. ERWIN
EYE, EAR, NOSE
AND THROAT..
OFFICE-8 and 9
Wishon Building
NEWPORT, ARK.
Jack Jones
The Crack Barber, keeps
a neat and busy little
shop. Upper end of Front
street. Expert tonsorial
ists. Easy shaves and
the best haircuts. Our
work pleases.
“Come on, ye stubby beards.”
,
Designs
' rTY'SY^ Copyrights Ac.
Anyone sending a sketch and description may
quickly ascertain our opinion free whether an
Invention is probably patentable. Communica
tfons strictly confidential. HANDBOOK on Patents
sent free. Oldest agency for securing patents.
Patents taken through Munn & Co. receive
tptdal ics, without charge, in the
fic American.
. Ahagljo “ gskly. I
newsdealers.
New York
on. D.C.
RAILROAD TIME CARD.
ST. L.. I. M. & S. RAILWAY.
NORTH BOUND.
No. 72, Local Freight.12:20 p. m
No. 2. 4:42 a. m.
No. 4. 10:40 am
No. 12. 8:48 p. m.
No. 6. 10:4T> „. m.
No. 18. 11:14 r> m.
No. 20 . 12:08 p. m
No. 8.10:55 a. m.
SOUTH BOUND.
No. 73. Local Freight. 8:00 a. rr..
No. 17. 6:36 a. in.
No. 5. 4:42 a. rr.
No. 11. 6:46 a.m.
No. 3. 4:55 p. m.
No. 1. 10:46 p. m.
No. 21. 6:01 a.m
No. 7.11:33 a. m.
BATESVILLE BRANCH.
Passenger Leaves. 7315 a. m
Mixed “ 11:45 a. m.
PassengerlArrives. 7:40 p. m.
Mixed “ . 10:16 a. m
ROCK ISLAND SYSTEM.
Passenger Arrives. 1:40 p. m.
Passenger Departs. 8:15 p. m.
Local Freight Departs. 6:80 a. m.
On Tuesday. Thursday and Saturday
UNDER AND
OVER THE SEA
THE AMUSEMENT WONDER
THE WORLD’S FAIR PIKE.
__ •
Dnnnarant & Williams’ Marrelons In
Tentioa, the Missing Link connecting
Imagination and Realism—The One
Unique Feature in a Mile of Shews—
Remarkable Journey awaits World's
Fair Visitors. »
la the history of World’s Expositions,
perhaps in no division does the pablie de
mand greater progress than in its amusement
features, end that this has been the para
mount and successful endeavor of Dunnavant
A Williams, Inventors and builders of Under
and Over the Sea, one needs but take pas
sage and be convinced.
In this great prodnotlon on the Pike,
scientists, Inventors, artists, meohanlea
and eleotrlcians have vied with each other
toward a common goal, “ originality."
Neither time nor money has been spared,
and the public demands have been met and
exceeded, in the full realization of a sub
marine voyage to Paris, and return by air
ship, Can you imagine the sensations of
such a trip? No; then embark with met The
hatchway through which we have entered
this monster iron fish is hermetically sealed;
our 498 fellow passengers (the capacity of onr
boat is 800) comfortably seated; the captain,
by a secret code of signals, issues his com
mands; the well-trained crew make ready
for onr novel journey; the huge hull of the
submarine monster quivers gently, and then
gradnally but surely we feel our strange craft
sinking, sinking down to the lowast beds
of the ocean. From the powerful electria
search lamps, suddenly, light breaks at each
side of the cabin, through the two oblong
crystal plates, separating us from the sea.
The obscurity of the cabin shows to advan
tage the brightness outside, and what a
spectacle is revealed to our bewildered
vision—flowers, fungi, polypi, plants, shells
and rock, a veritable kaleidoscope of green,
yellow, orange, violet and blue. With ex
cited exclamations of wonder and admiration
we gaze through the crystal plates, at the
aquatic army surrounding us. The boat’s
manometer indicates our depth now—1,000
fathoms below the surface—and our captain,
a careful, brave and experienced submarine
skipper* skillfully manipulating the electric
switchboard at which he stands-walways and
ever alert to the dangers of the deep—stops
onr downward course and points his vessel
straight ahead; the pressure of an electria
button Is simultaneous with a convulsive throb
as the mighty engine responds, the giant pro
peller churns the sea into a foaming fury and
with a leap and bonnd, as of a frightened
thing of life, we plunge forward through the
transparent watery mass to explore the un
known depths.
The denizens of the sea start’ id into aa
activity they have seldom known, so engross
our attention, the approach of a mammoth
narwhale or un loom of the sea is quite unnoticed
until almost upon us. The at first startled pas
sengers are quickly reassured by the captain.
ilhopo nn HAnirnp; mip armament has been
well looked to in the emergency of attack,
but as the monster fish playfully circles
around us, strangely familiar and pleasant
sounds fall upon our ears; presently the mas
sive jaws of our friendly inclined escort open
and reveal a semi-earthly being, contentedly
seated on Its monster green tongue, and In a
fine basso voice is singing the lay of the deep
blue sea; the torpedo-like velocity of our
craft, however, soon leaves the serenader,
far In our wake, the echoes of this presum
ably Jonah’s voice, have hardly died away,
when far^ahead and Immediately in our
course Is seen the mermaid’s play-ground,
various kinds of Isis, clusters of pure tuft
coral, and prickly fungi form a beautiful gar
den on the ocean’s bed; a shoal of mermaids
appear to onr now thoroughly delighted
visions, the delicately tinted gold and silver
be-scaled bodies gracefujjy bounding over,
under and around the boat, as if Imbued with
earthly vanity, they would rival each other’*
brightness.
With never-ending and tireless energy, our
great speed undiminished, we rush madly on;
our goal is soon at hand; the pnmpa are set
in motion—the water drawn from the tanka.
Our now buoyant vessel speedily finds the
surface, and the thrilling subterranean pas
sage has ended. Disembarking, we are
guided to the base of Eiffel Tower; immense
elevators take us to its summit, where a mas
j give airship restlessly tugging at its moor
ing awaits to carry us back over land and
sea. All aboard! Cast anchor; and the bird
like wings moving up and down, the flight
through space has commenced. Paris soon
fades from view as with the speed of light we
rush along the pathless wastes; meteors,
comets, beasts of the »air, and lightning
storms are encountered, but undismayed is
the captain of this weird craft, and emerging
from a bank of clouds, our astonished and
bewildered senses are now completely dazed
at the vision that greets our eyes—the World’s
Fair Is spread out immediately below us;
gently the airship descends and discharges
her precious cargo of mystified and delighted
passengers at the Pike landing dock, we ha vs
I enjoyed a marvelous experience and oom» v
pleted our trip, under and over tt^e sea.
DR. HARRY E. DOWELL,
DENTIST,