I | CITIZEN.
Denote to train, politics, igriraltnrr, Inrial $ rngm __ fllnmrfarttinng, Cnmmrrrul Sfatrlhgrnrr, flmnirinrnt, ftr.
pTmTTSTTTITVRVERY WEDNESDAY. AT DES ABC. PRAIRIE COUNTY. ARKANSAS. BY J. C. MORRILL. TERMS-$2 PER YEAR, IN ADVANCE.
"volume V. DES ABO, ARKANSAS, AYJGTJST 81. 1859. NUMBEB 43.
THE DES ARC CITIZEN.
teums-si per annum,
PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.
FIFTY NUMBERS MAKING A VOLUME.
RATES OF ADVERTISING.
Rates of Advertising.—One square (It
I lines of this size type) for one insertion, $1
each additional insertion, 50 cents.
-- 1 in. I 2 m. 3~mTpi m. year.
$2~50j$5_00 $8 00 $10 00 $15 Of
2 Squares, 5 00; 8 00 10 00 12 00 IT 0t
3 Squares, 8 00 10 00,12 00 15 00 25 Of
1-4 Column, 10 00112 00'l5 001 17 00 i 30 Of
1-2 Column, 12 00 15 00117 00 20 001 40 0
3-4 Column, 15 0o!l7 00|20 00, 25 00l oO 0
1 Column, 18 00 20 00 25 00 30 00 60 Ot
Advertisers by the year will be res
tricted to their legitimate business.
Advertisements displayed by large type
or in double columns, charged double the above
Personal communications charged dou
ble the rates of regular advertisements.
Legal advertisements will be charged,
for one square or less, first insertion $1, and
SO cents per square for each additional inser
tion.
(jr^~ Announcing candidates for State and
, District offices, $7; County offices, $5; Town
ship, offices $3, invariably in advance.
Calls on persons to become candidates
1 are charged at the usual rates, except when
I peisons making the calls are subscribers to
t ..nmaner. Pavmcnt in advance.
gy Political circulars charged as adver
tisements.
gy Advertisements not ordered For a spe
cified time, will be inserted till forbidden, and
charged for accordingly,
gy All advertising to be paid for quarterly.
I OUR JOB PRINTING^ DEPARTMENT.
I We have supplied ourselves with a good
assortment of Printing Material, and are
ready to execute all kinds of Job Printing, on
reasonable terms.
We are prepared to print Pamphlets, Cata
I logues, Posters, large or small, Cards, Ball
I Tickets. Bill Heads. Blanks of every descrip
I tion, for Clerks, Sheriffs, Justices of the
I Peace, Constables, &c.
N. H. pURlT
(Successor to VI. P. Vaughan,)
I "IT THOLES ALE AND RETAIL DEAL
I VV ER IN
| StoocB, Sljcrt Iron, tlUrc, &c.:
I Also — Manufacturer oj Tin and, Sheet
Iron Ware,
I Buena Vista St., (Opposite Nucleus House,)
DL2S ARC, ARKANSAS.
<y Having bought the stock on hand and
1 material in this shop, from H. P. Vaughan.
Esq., the undersigned will continue to carry
on the above business, in all its branches. He
has on hand a good stock of
COOKIJYG-STOVES, 71JV
WARE, &-c.,
which ho will sell at Memphis prices.
GUTTERING AND JOBBING
FROMPTLY ATTENDED TO.
jjy A share of the public patronage is re
spectfully solicited. __
jmi29-titn N. H. BURK.
J. T. PARHAM,
ARCHITECT,
CARPENTER AND JOINER,
f T) ESPECTFULLY informs the citizens of
IV lies Arc and vicinity, that he is prepared
to executo all work intrusted to his care, with
neatness and dispatch. _
PLANS AND DESIGNS OF BUILDINGS
■ Furnished to order, free of cnarge wuere us
:f| has the contract for the same.
From his experience, both as an arclii
B tect and contractor, he flatters himself that he
I can render entire satisfaction. jun29-tf
B w. E. ROBERTSON .J. T. WAINWR1QHT.
■ Robertson 4* W*ainwright,
1 CARPENTERS and JOINERS,
1 tXAVING permanently located at Des Arc.
[ XX Arkansas, are prepared to execute all
I Work iu their Fine of Business.
I in a satisfactory manner. From their expe
rience, they feel confident that those who favoi
them with contracts will have no cause to re
gret it.
ORDERS FROM THE COUNTRY
Left at G. W. Vaden’s Store, will meet
with prompt attention. jun29-ly
~ALEX. LEUDERS,
HOUSE, SIGN, AND FRESCO
PAINTER,
"I'VES ARC, Ark.—Also, Carriage Painting
Furniture Varnishing, Graining, Paper
Hanging, &c. All work done in the best style
Shop in the building formerly occu
pied as the “ Citizen” Office, near the Lauding
junlo-tf
A S. HARRIS"
w t c rr - m 4if£n
AND
v JEWELEri
X fAFFICE on Buena Vista ,tfg ^
street, opposite the
■ Nucleus House, Des Arc,
■ Arkansas. Clocks, Watches and Jewelri
■ repaired with neatness and dispatch, ami war
■ranted to give satisfaction. nov20-tf
J. S. ANDERSON,
SADDLES, BRIDLE
I JIarncss Manufacturer,
I I>ES ARC, ARKANSAS.
1^4 R ESPECTFULLY Informs
the citizens of Prairie and
■*‘jacent counties, that be has on hand, *Lz3
llB?nd is prepared to manufacture to order,
tpaddles, Bridles, Martingales, Buggj
a Carriage and Hack Harness,
^ as every other description of wor
■ yi3ua|ly done in such establishments.
i. litF” Shop on Lyon street, back of Frith t
|prackson»3 store. jau21-ly»
E. R. NcPHERSOX,
COUNTY SURVEYOR.
»ALL persons wishing my services i
• ’’ this department of business, will pleas
■‘IVi 83 m® Brownsville, Prairie count]
^Arlt. Every call will be punctually filled.
I nom-fy
PROFESSIONAL CARDS.
DR W. J. THOMPSON,
REFORM PHYSICIAN,
(Late of McLemoresville. Tennessee.)
HAVING LOCATED IN
DES ARC, PRAIRIE CO., ARK.,
"Q ESPECTFULLY tenders his profesional
Jl) services, in its various branches, to the
citizens and public generally.
Office—Evans &. Horne’s building, third
door up stairs, Buena Vista street.
julyl3-ly._
DR. N. L. RAGLAND, having lo
cated on Wattensaw, at the residence
heretofore occupied by W. B. Means, deceas
ed, offers his professional services to the
public.
Calls promptly attended to. [apr 1-ly.
DR. T. J. CUMMINGS, having per
manently located at Atlanta, Prairie
county, Ark., offers his professional services
to the public.
Having practiced in hospitals as well
as in families, he flatters himself that he can
render satisfaction to his patrons.
ay Office at Peebles’ Hotel, [apr 1-tf.
TAR. J. C. GOODWIN, determined to
remain permanently in Des Arc, will
continue to treat diseases, both Acute and
Chronic in accordance with the most approv
ed principles of Scientific and Demonstrative
Medicine.
dyThankful for the libera! patronage he
has heretofore enjoyed, respectfully solicits
its continuance.
(pgr Unicc a& V. r. DiaCtt. «, V,ua., Dm;
Store. __aprill-ly
DR. J. L. NEEL, having permanent
ly located in Des Arc, Arkansas, offers
his professional services to the citizens of
the town and vicinity. Office over Washer,
Vaughan &. Co’s Store. [mar 11-ly.
DR. T. SANDERS, late of Memphis,
having settled in the town of Des Arc,
tenders his professional services to the citi
zens of said town and vicinity; and, from a
long experience in the healing art in the West,
flatters himself that he will share their pat
ronage. Office on Buena Vista street.
Residence on Woodruff street. dec5-tf
DR. W. F. WALSH, having located at
Des Arc, offers his Professional Ser
vices to the public, Calls promptly at
tended to. may29,1858-ly*
DR. WM BETHELL, will continue
the Practice of Medicine in Des Arc, and
vicinity. From his long experience in his
profession, and having resided in Arkansas
during the past fourteen years, he hopes to re
ceive a share of the public patronage.—
Office at Lane & Watts’s Drug
Store. Residence in the building formerly
occupied as the “ Erwin House.” may22-tf
DR. J. J. LANE, will Practice Medi
cine in the different branches of the Pro
fession, and respectfully tenders his services to
the citizens of Des Arc and surrounding coun
try, hoping to share at least a portion of their
patronage. OFFICE—On Buena Vista street.
mayl5-tf
J. E. GATEWOOD...J. A. MOON.
GATE WOOD & MOON,
LAND AGENTS
REAL ESTATE BROKERS,
Des Arc, Arkansas.
WILL attend to payment of taxes, locating
Government, Swamp or Military lands.
Blanks of every description always on hand.
aug3-tf. _%_
TB. KENT, Attorney at Law, Des Arc.
» Arkansas, will practice in the courts of
Prairie, White, Monroe. Arkansas, St. Fran
cis, Jackson, and Independence counties. All
business intrusted to his care shall meet with
prompt attention. 23^ Office on Lyon
street. [jun8-tf
Robert h. crockett, attorney at
Law, Mount Adams, Arkansas county,
Arkansas. Will practice in the Counties of
Arkansas, Monroe, Desna anu rrame.
apri!22-tf.__
VAKEMAN W. EDWARDS, Law
yer. Springfield, Conway county, Ar
kansas. Will practice in the various courts
of Middle Arkansas, gy Prompt attention
given to the collection of all claims entrusted
to him. n30*
L. FEATHERSTON..z- H. FARR.
Featherston & farr, Attor
neys at Law, and Real Estate Agents,
Clarendon, Arkansas. Will practice in the
counties of Monroe, Arkansas, Prairie, St.
Francis, Jackson and Phillips. Particular
attention given to collections. References:
Madison, Ark., Hon. W. G. Beaseley, S. W.
Childress; Clarendon, Ark., H. M. Couch;
Panola, Miss., Col. Calvin Miller; Coffeeville,
Miss., E. C. Walthall; Memphis, Tenn., D.
M. DuBose, Esq., W. J. Webb ; Holly Springs,
Miss., W. T. Featherston; Washington, D.
C., Jacob Thompson. _jy17
JE. GATEWOOD, Attorney at
. Law, Des Arc, Prairie county, Arkansas.
wAl practice in the counties of Prairie, Ar
kansas, Monroe, St. Francis, Jackson, White,
Conwav, and Pope. He will give prompt at
tention to all business entrusted to him.
gy OFFICE—Over Town Hall, (Frith’s
New Building,) first door. febl3-tf
JW. MARTIN, Attorney at Law,
, Des Arc, Prairie county. Arkansas. Will
practice in the counties of Prairie, Arkansas,
Monroe, St. Francis, Jackson and White,
(jy* Prompt attention given to the collection
of claims; also, the locating, selling and pay
ing taxes on land. gy Office on Lyon street.
sept26-tf
ILLIAM T. JONES Attobne~y
at Law, Brownsville, Arkansas. Will
practice in the counties of Prairie, Jefferson
Arkansas, Monroe, St. Francis, Jackson anci
White. Prompt attention given to the collec
tion of all claims in the middle and eastern
| part of the State. _sept26-tf
SAM’L W. WILLIAMS.. L. D. WILLIAMS,
TflLTILLIAMS & WILLIAMS, At
’ » * torneys at Law, Little Rock, Ar
kansas. Office on Markham street. One of
^ our firm will be almost always at Brownsville,
where he can be consulted on professional
- business, and will give his personal attention
to all matters in Law and Equity, entrusted tc
them. deed
J. L. HOLLOWELL.. I). JACOWAY
a TTOLLOWELL & JACOWAY, At
e H. TORNEYS at Law, Dardanelle, Arkansas
- Will practice in the counties of Yell, Perry
’ Saline, Pulaski, Prairie, Conway and Pope.
j-26-tf
AGRICULTURAL
AND
MECHANICAL FAIR.
LIST OF PREMIUMS to be
Awarded at the Third Annual Exhi
bition of the Prairie County Agricultu
ral Society, to be held at Des Arc, Ar
kansas, on the 18th, 19th, and 20ih of
October, 1859.
COTTON.
Best 10 acres of cotton, $10,00
“ bale “ 10,00
2d *• “ 5 00
3d “ certificate.
Best stalk with bolls, 100
Best sample, half pound, 1 00
GRAIN.
Best ten acres corn, 2 50
Best yield on five acres wheat, one
bushel to be exhibited, 2 00
Best yield on five acres corn, one
bushel to be exhibited, 2 00
Best yield on five acres oats, one
bushel to be exhibited, 2 00
Best yield on five acres rye, one
bushel to be exhibited, 2 00
SEEDS.
Best half bushel blue grass seed, 1 00
do do timothy, 100
do do herds grass, 1 00
do do clover seed, 100
do do millett seed, 2 00
do do orchard grass seed, 100
HAY.
Best specimen timothy hay, 1 00
do do clover, 100
r__ „ri__ nn Ann n nro onn
POTATOES.
Largest yield on half acre Irish pota
toes, one bushel to be exhibited, 200
Best bushel of Irish potatoes, 1 00
Largest yield on half acre sweet pota
toes,one bushel to be exhibited, 2 00
Best bushel sweet potatoes, 1 00
FRUIT.
Best and largest variety of fruit, 2 00
Best bushel apples, 1 00
do peaches, 100
do peck pears, 1 00
do do grapes, 100
do do scuppinong, 1 00
do pie melon, 1 00
do half bushel dried apples, * 1 00
do do do peaches, I 00
do do do pears, 100
do do do quinces, 100
do specimen plums, 50
do do apricots, 100
do do nectarines, 100
MOLASSES.
Best specimen molasses from the su
gar cane, 100
Best specimen melon or pumpkin mo
lasses, 1 00
WINES.
Best specimen domestic wine with re
ceipt for making, 1 00
Best specimen cordial with receipt
for making, 1 00
Best specimen raspberry jam with
receipt for making, 50
Best specimen jelly with receipt for
making, 50
GARDEN PRODUCTS.
Best peck tomatoes, 50
do do carrots, 50
do do beans, 50
do bushel field peas, 60
do half dozen head cabbage, 50
do sample beets, 50
do do okra, 60
do do raddish, 50
do do cayenne pepper, 50
do do egg plant, 50
do peck onions, 50
do and greatest variety garden
.3 00
do sample cauliflower, 50
do peck parsnips, 6ft
do bushel turnips, 50
do sample celery, 50
do directions for preparing an aspar
agus bed, 100
do and largest variety vegetables, 1 00
do peck ground or goober peas, 50
FLORAL.
Best display of flowers, 1 00
do and handsomest boquet, 50
do herbarium, 2 00
do specimen evergreens, 1 00
QUILTS.
Best silk patch-work quilt, 5 00
do cotton do do 2 00
do silk patch-work crib quilt, 2 00
do cotton do do do 100
do knit crib cover, 1 00
COUNTERPANES.
Best cotton counterpane, 2 00
do wool coverlet, 2 00
do woollen shawl, 1 50
do knit tidy, 1 00
do jeans coat made by a lady, 250
do do vest do do 100
do made pants do do 100
HOME MANUFACTURES.
Best cloth shoe made by a lady, 1 00
do do slipper do do 100
do three yards jeans made by a
lady, 100
do do do coarse jeans for serv’ts, 1 00
do pair wool hose. 50
do do half hose, 50
do pair cotton hose, 50
do do half hose, 25
do wool hose made by girl 12 yrs old, 50
do cotton do do do do do 50
do half hose wool or cotton made by
a girl 12 years old, 25
do five yards cotton stripes or plaids, 1 00
do pair blankets, 2 00
do negro comfort, 1 0G
do shirt made by a lady, 1 0C
do do do a girl 12 years old, 1 00
FANCY ARTICLES.
Best baby dress, 1 0C
do fancy bonnet or hat, 1 0C
do sun bonnet, 75
do hemstitched hdkf. or garment, 1 0C
’ Chair tidy, knit, 1 Of
do feather duster, 10C
COOKING.
Best cooked ham & receipt for curing, 1 00
do roast turkey, ] 00
do barbacued pig, } 00
do do lamb, 1 00
do do kid, 100
do jar pickles, 7J?
do do catsup, 50
do loaf corn bread, 75
do do flour do 75
do specimen fruit in air light cans, 1 00
do do soap receipt for making, 50
do do starch do do 50
do do lard, 50
DAIRY DEPARTMENT.
Best five pounds butter, 1 00
do home-made cheese. 1 00
PASTRY DEPARTMENT.
Best pound cake, 1 00
do sponge cake, 1 00
do chess cake, 1 00
ORNAMENTAL.
Best ornamental shell work, * '■
do do leather work, 100
do do hair work, 100
EMBROIDERY.
Best specimen silk embroidered gar
ment, 2 00
do do worsted do 2 00
do do piano or table cover, 2 00
do do ottoman cover, 100
do do candle mat, 50
do do linen skirt or hd’kf, 1 00
do do collar undersleeves
and cuffs, 1 00
do specimen band and sleeves, 60
do do infant’s frock linen, 76
do do do sack, worsted, 75
do do do do silk, 100
do do pin cushion, 75
FACTORY GOODS.
Best three yds. cotton jeans, 1 00
do do woolen do 1 00
do do linsey, 100
do do shirting, 75
do specimen negro cloth, 75
DRAWING AND PAINTING.
Best pencil drawing, I 00
do landscape, 1 00
do specimen painting, sign or orna
mental, 1 00
do specimen landscape or animals, 1 00
FARMING IMPLEMENTS.
Best plantation wagon, 3 00
do two horse wagon, 2 00
do horse cart, I 00
do ox cart, 1 00
do wheelbarrow, 75
do two horse plow, tested, 1 50
do one do do tested, 1 00
do prairie plow do 2 00
do shovel plow, 1 00
do cultivator, 1 00
do cotton-scraper, 1 00
do harrow, diamond, 75
do do side, 75
do grain cradle, 1 00
do straw cutter, 1 00
do wheat fan, 2 50
do plow stock, 1 00
do corn sheller, 2 00
do cotton hamper, 50
do handle basket, 50
do foot mat, 25
do ox yoke, 50
do ox bows, 50
do axe handle, 25
do corn broom, 25
Either of the above articles made by
a negro, 25 per cent. less.
MANUFACTURES.
Best axe, 50
do hoe, 50
do mattock, 50
do sample horse shoes, 50
do do do shoeing, 50
do sett carriage harness, 3 00
do do do do single, 100
do do wagon do 125
do plow collar, leather, 50
" do do do shuck or bark, 50
do gents'saddle, 3 00
ao laay s ao o w
do gents’ boots, 1 50
do do shoes, 100
do lady’s do 1 00
do negro do 75
do bureau, 3 00
do side-board, 2 50
do bed-stead, 2 00
do best set split bottom chairs, 1 00
do specimen eoopers work, 1 00
do hand-loom, 3 00
do spinning-wheel, 1 00
do specimen tin ware, 1 00
do do brick, 50
do barrel flour, 1 00
do specimen fifty pounds flour 60
CARRIAGES AND BUGGIES.
Best family carriage, 600
do top buggy, 300
do open do 200
BLOODED HORSES.
Best aged stallion, 6 00
do four year old stallion, 400
do three do do 3 00
do two do do 2 00
do one do do 2 00
do suckling do 2 00
do aged mare, 5 00
do four old mare, 3 00
do three do do 2 60
do two do do 2 00
do one do do 150
do suckling do do 100
NOT THOROUGH-BRED HORSES,
Best aged stailion, 3 00
do four year old stallion, 2 50
do three do do 2 00
do two do do 150
do one do do 1 90
do suckling, do 100
do aged mare, 3 00
do four year old mare, , 2 50
do three do do 2 00
do two do do 150
do one do do 150
do suckling do 100
HARNESS STOCK.
Best pair harness horses, $600
do single do do 400
do do mare, 4 00
do do mules, 400
do single do 300
SADDLE STOCK.
! Best saddle horse, 400
do do mare 400
JACK STOCK.
Best aged Jack, 5 00
do four year old Jack, » 3 00
do three do do 2 00
do two do do J
do one do do * 00
do suckling do 100
do aged jennett, 3 00
do four year old end under, ZOO
MULES.
Best aged mule,
do four year old mule,
do three do do *150
do two do do 100
db one do do 100
do suckling do 100
BLOODED CATTLE.
Best aged bull, 5 00
do four year old bull, 3 00
do three do do 2 00
do two do do 150
do one do do 10t
do suckling do 100
do aged cow, _ 300
do four year old cow, 2 50
do three do do 200
do two year old and under, 1 00
NATIVE CATTLE.
Best aged bull, 2 50
do four year old bull, 200
do three do do 150
do two do do 100
do one do do 100
do suckling do 100
do aged cow, 2 00
do four year old cow, 1 50
do three do do 100
do two do do 100
do one do do 100
do suckling do 100
FATTED CATTLE.
Best fatted beef, 3 00
WORK OXEN.
Best yoke oxen, 3 00
do broke yoke, 3 00
HOGS.
Best aged boar. 2 50
do boar under twelve months, 2 00
do aged sow, 200
do sow under twelve months, 1 50
do pair pigs under six months, 1 50
do pig, 1 00
r D euvro
Best fine wool buck, 350
do do ewe, 200
do wool buck, 200
do do ewe, 100
FOWLS.
Best pair shanghai chickens, 50
do do domestic do 50
do do bramapootra do 50
do do hong-kong geese, 1 00
do do domestic do 80
po do muscovy ducks, 60
do do pollard do 50
do do dorklings, 50
MISCELLANEOUS.
Articles offered for exhibition and not
in the above list, shall, if meritorious, re
ceive attention under this head.
•LADY EQUESTRIANS.
First prize, 00 00
Second prize, 00 00
SCIENTIFIC.
Best practical essay on soil, 500
do do do manure, 5 00
PREMIUM FARM.
A premium of $50 is offered for the best
cultivated farm in Prairie county, each con
testant to pay 5 00 as entrance fee, provi
ded, there shall be 10 contestants for the
same.
The points of excellence and superiority
will consist of the general arrangement of the
farm and fields, access to the same, taste and
economy in construction of residence, out
houses, rooms, stables, sheds, etc. Also, the
extent and variety of grass-lots, manner of
cultivation and judicious rotation, the best
kitchen, garden, orchard, poultry-yard, and
finally, the farm best cultivated and improved,
without reference to size or force, yielding the
largest revenue to the labor and capital em
ployed.
Most of the large premiums will be paid in
silver ware; and the one and two dollar ones
in Agricultural Journals, if agreeable to the
exhibitor.
All animals or articles must be entered in
the name of the owner and maker, and at
their “instance and request,” otherwise no
Eremium is due. Members of the society
ave permission to contend for premiums.
Those who are not members will be required
to pay 25 per cent, of the amount of the pre
mium for which they offer.
COMPETITION OPEN TO THE STATE.
The published Constitution and By-laws of
the Society will be rigidly adhered to.
By order of the Society
JOHN S. WILLIAMS, President.
Sim. Horne, Secretary.
IMPORTANCE^FAORICULTIJRE.
Every reflecting man recognizes the na
ture, and admits the value of agriculture ;
yet every such man is not hansel! a tar
mer, nor can he conveniently become one—
the lots of many being cast in other de
partments of labor. Probably there are
more who would cultivate farms, if they
were fortunate enough to posssss them,
than those who, possessing them, would
forsake them for a vocation less stable.
Age, with its wisdom, likes the farm bet
ter than youth, with its too frequent vain
show and empty aspirations.
If it be true, as Montesquieu observes,
that “ countries are not cultivated in pro
portion to their fertility, but to their liber
ty,” then republican America mast soou
rate second to no other nation in her per
fetcion of terraculture. Our agricultural
population may not directly lead or control
the country; yet they hold the truest
sword of defense; and in the heat of any
contest they will imbibe new courage from
the reco'lection of their pleasant and en
during fields at home.
I desire to present some thoughts upon
this subject, in the form of distinct propo
sitions :
1. As the roots and trunk of a tree are
to its branches, so is agriculture to society :
it upholds it, and draws from the earth
and dispenses its nourishment to the dif
ferenl branches of the social fabric, vvAile
at the same time, it derives new vigoi
from a vital reciprocity. Hence—
2. Agriculture is the foundation of a
well-established nation, and the most sta
ble element of its wealth, independence
and greatness. Therefore—
3. Agriculture should receive the fos
tering care of the State, and the respecl
and encouragement of every patriot.
4. Every farmer, to prosecute his busi
ness successfully, should feel and cherisl
j an ambition in it, and a conviction that h
is just the man for it; and, however unlei
tered he may be, under such incentives h
will make great progress, not only in th
profitable cultivation of his farm, but als
in mental improvement. If he has a<
the stimulus of emulation, he should choos
' , a business where he may be thus promp
•d, as agriculture can well spare the
“ slothful in business."
5. Although farmers, as a body, may
never expect to become erudite scholars,
each and every one would be greatly bene*
filed by a small library of standard and
miscellaneous books. They are faithful
companions, that always instruct and ele
vate.
6. If it be the mind that " makes the
man,” it is not alone in its intellectual
phase, but also its moral. Every farmer,
who chooses, can attain to a degree of in
tellectual culture, and to a standard second
to none. He can and ought to make him
self the “ highest style of man.”
8. Althongh, in their well-being, voca
tions are mutually dependent, to a greater
or less degree, the farmer should never
mistrust the value of his profession; but
he should defend its dignity and worth,
by a commensurate independence, before
all men.— [Genesee Farmer.
THE COTTON CULTURE IN INDIA.
A Patent Office Report, which has been
recently published, contains a letter from
Mr. Eli, late United States Consul at
Bombay, in which he gives a history of
the cotton culture in Western India. The
cotton plant in India is annual, the dry
season invariably killing the roots, except
in such marshy grounds as retain moisture
during the eight months of drought. The
American cotton requires much more
moisture than the indigenous varie
ties, and can therefore be planted only on
low, marshy grounds, or where irrigation
can be employed. It is cultivated to
greater advantage than the others; when
the planter has sufficient capital to sustain
the occasional loss of a whole crop. The
indigenous cotton is seldom much injured
by an unfavorable season, and, though
less remunerative in its yield, is always
planted by the natives on that account.
It has been cultivated and manufactured
ever since our first knowledge of the coun
try. The American plant was first intro
duced about the year 1830, since which
time the East India Government has em
ployed several experienced American
planters, for the purpose of establishing it
as the staple, in preference to the native
varieties. The American cotton had
slightly deteriorated in the length of its
fibre, but not otherwise, since its intro
duction.
The amount of cotton produced in the
District under the late Bombay Govern
ment, or in those under native rule and
contiguous to Bombay; is about two hun
dred and fifty millions of pounds annually;
this may be called the annual product of
Western India. Bombay is the only port
from which the cotton is exported to
foreign countries; and in five years the
exports increased from one hundred and
ninety-five millions to two hundred and
eighteen millions of pounds—most of
which goes to England. About sixty-five
millions of pounds of cotton are woven
into textile fabrics by the natives. Cotton
can be sold on the plantation, "good fair,”
at four cents, and in Bombay for six. Cot
ton is produced by the natives exclusively,
and in the most primitive manner. The
ground is prepared during the dry season,
by digging up and burning the old roots^
and, as soon as the rains set in, it is
plowed, and the seeds sown by means of
a drill-plow, in rows 18 inches apart, and
covered by a board or log, dragged behind.
The young plants appear in about six
days, and nothing more is required than
an occasional weeding and thinning. A
strict rotation with other crops is observed,
except when cotton is in demand. The
ashes of decaying stems and roots, which
are burned on the ground during the dry
season, are the only manure used. The
seeds are planted after the first fall of
rain, in June; the plants flower from the
middle of Julv to earlv in Auirust: and
the cotton is picked from the pods in the
following March. One hundred and five
pounds of cleaned and ginned cotton is
the average product per acre; and cotton
lands rent at two dollars per acre, annual
ly—the soil of sound medium quality.
The Last of Earth.—Never envy
any man! All have their burdens, and He
“that tempereth the wind to the shorn
lamb,” hath endowed habit with the pow
er of alleviating the heaviest loads. The
other day there was a splendid funeral in
the street a few doors below the house in
which I live. All the hideous pageantry
which increases the horrors of death was
assembled. The crowd was numerous.
The luxurious mansion of the great bank
er was one great funeral chamber. The
banker is worth a million of dollars. His
average income is a hundred and twenty
thousand dollars. He is the head of a
joint stock banking company, which en
ables him to dispose of ten millions of dol
lars at his pleasure. He is one of the li
ons of “Change.” Dotr’t you envy him
O, no, don’t envy him; he has his sorrow!
as well as anybody; for ’twas only sit
1 months ago the undertaker laid his thirc
son, then nineteen, in the grave; the oth
! er day his second son was carried awaj
by the same sombre tradesman to thi
! graveyard, though the boy was but one am
'twenty. His oldest daughter is a hunch
back, and in declining health. His sec
' ond daughter is bedridden with consump
lion, and will surprise the doctors if sh
outlives the year. The banker himself i
blind from ovet-labor; he has been knowi
1 to pass twenty days without once undress
; ing, and sleeping in a bed; all his repos
-: being a few hours of feverish sluuibe
; snatched from corroding care3—a respit
a passed on a sofa! O,don't envy the ric
o banker, though his coffers overflow wit
it gold; for it avails little to him; and thoug
e as I grant you the resonant chimes of coir
- tossed about as so much trash in his oi
nee, founds musically to the ear, and the
oft-heard passing bell and doctor’s tread
common in that house as the resonance of
death's effects, except the painful contrast
between the emptiness of human vanity
and ambition! So envy no man !—[Paris
correspondent of the Boston Traveller..
• CARRY ME BACK."
The day was gone, and the night was dark,
And the howling winds went by,
And the blinding hail fell thick and fast,
From the stern and stormy sky ;
When a mournful wail, through the rushing
gale,
Was heard at the cottage door—
01 carry me back—01 carry me back
To my mother’s home once more.
’Twas a youth who had left his mountain home,
And had wandered far and long {
He had drained the goblet’s fiery tide,
At the festal midnight throng:
But a dream of hope came over his heart,
As he crept to the cottage door—
O! carry me back—O ! carry me back
To my mother’s home once more.
! have left the hall of the tempter’s fower,
And the revel wild and high ;
They cared not, in their reckless mirth,
If I wandered alone to die:
Doth the fire still burn on the household hearth,
By the elm-tree old and hoar?
0! carry me back—01 carry me back
To my mother’s home once more.
Like a weary bird that has wandered long,
I will seek my mother’s nest,
And lay this aching head once more
On my gentle mother’s breast:
Once more I will seek the household hearth,
By the elm-tree old and hoar—
0! carry me back—O I carry me back
To my mother’s home once more.
-+ # » -
MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.
—— It is not known when or where he who
invented the plow was born, or when he died,
or where he was buried 5 yet he has effected
more for the happiness of the world than the
whoie race of heroes and conquerors who have
drenched it with tears and manured it with
blood, and whose birth, parentage, education,
etc., have been handed down to us, with a pre
cision proportionate to the mischief they have
done.
—— As the same sunlight tints the flower
and colors the rock—as it alternately sparkles
in the dew-drop and shines in the broad ocean—
so the true religious spirit is present in the
humblest bargain, the smallest act, and the
lowliest word of kindness, as much as in the
grand songs of Hebrew bards, and the pro
found teaching of Saint Paul the Apostle—
those ancient headlands of Christian thought.
— A notion-seller was offering Yankee
clocks, finely varnished and colored, and with
a looking-glass in front, to a lady who was
not remarkable for her personal beauty. “It
is beautiful,” said the pedler. “ Beatiful! in
deed—a look at it almost frightens me,” re
sponded the lady. “ Then, ma’am,” replied
Jonathan, “ 1 guess you’d better buy one that
has got no looking-glass.”
-- “ Pat., you have dated your letter a
week ahead t it is not so late in the month by
a week,” said an Irishman to another, when
writing. “Troth, me boy,” replied Pat.,
“indade, an’ it’s jist meself that’s wanting
swate Kathleen to git it in advance of the mail.
Sure, I’ll not care if she gits it three days
afore it’s written, me darlin’ 1”
—— Economy is the parent ef Integrity, of
liberty, and of ease, and the sister of temper
ance, of cheerfulness, and of healths but pro
digality is a cruel and crafty demon, that
generally involves her followers in dependence
ami in debts—that is, fetters them with “ iron
in their souls.”
-From the cradle to the grave, mankind
need the aid of their fellows. We cannot
exist without it—high or low, rich or poor.
It is a condition of our being: all who need
aid have a right to ask it : none who are able
to give it can refuse, without danger.
-Men double all their evils by unduly
pondering over them. A scratch becomes a
wound j a slight an injury j a jest an insult ; &
small peril a great danger; and a slight sick
ness often ends in death, by brooding appre
hensions.
—— That was a smart boy who owned that
he liked everything that was good, with the
excep ion of a good whipping. The same
boy liked a good rainy day—too rainy to go
to school, and just about rainy enough to go a
fishing.
--According to Kossuth’s definition of
sympathy, it is merely a sigh that flutters from
the lips of a tender girl, and dies in the whis
per of the passing breeze.
— A person, speaking of a drink he once
had occasion to imbibe, said that he could no
tell whether it was brandy or a torchligh.
procession going down his throat.
_A mun having asked how many dog
days there were in the year, received the an
swer that it was impossible to number then
as “ every dog has his day.”
_You may wish to get a wife who is
without.a failing ; but what if the lady, aftei
you find her, should also be in want of a hus
S band possessing the same faultless character V
l -Vice and folly may feel the edge of wit,
■ but virtue is invulnerable; as aquafortis dis
' solves the base metals, while it has no power
■ to tarnish or corrode gold.
’ . The curvature of the easth amounts to
s seven inches per mile. A man six feet high
1 cannot be seen ten miles.
* _Sophistry is like a window-curtain:
" it pleases us as an ornament; but its use is to
g I keep out the light.
-- Timidity in a young man ie better than
j cool impudence. Why will not the ladiea
h think so?
i, _A clear conscience is sometimes sold
• for money, but never bought with U.