The Chinese Civil War
and What It’s All About
% _
SAN FRANCISCO, Dec. 11.—
“What’s it all about?’’
This ,question is asked by the av
erage newspaper reader who glances
casually at an occasional front page
account of the civil war in China.
For the benefit of those who are not
students of Far Eastern affairs ,the
following explanatory digest, as
gleaned from the various news re
ports of the Chinese situation is giv
en:
China, with its more than 400,000,
000 population, has been in a more
or less chaotic state since the over
throw of the Manchu dynasty in the
year 1911 and the formation of the
Chinese republic. Chinese presidents
have come and gone, the country
has been divided into warring fac
tions headed by “tuchuns,’ ’or mili
tary provincial governors, and a
large percentage of the population
has been constantly under arms.
General Chang Tso-Lin and Gen
eral Wu Pei-Fu, former friends but
now bitter enemies, are the two out
standing figures in the current con
troversy. These two leaders joined
forces in 1920 to overthrow the fa
mous Anfu club, a monarchist or
ganization which threatened the new
government. With Tsao Kun, the
last Chinese president, then inspec
tor general of Chili, General Chang
became the controlling power in Pe
king.
General Wu permitted things to
continue until 1922, when, declaring
Chang was establishing a military
dictatorship in the capital, he drove
the latter back into Manchuria. Chang
began at once to build up an army,
manufacture munitions and have his
officers trained in modern military
tactics. For two years China has
expected a renewal of hostilities be
tween the two militarists.
Two somewhat inconspicuous tu
chuns “started the fireworks.” In the
latter part of last August, General
Chi Shieh-yuan, military governor
of Kiangsu apparently with the a*p
proval of Tsao Kun, attacked the
forces of General Lu Yung-Hsiang,
the Chekiang military governor in
aid of 'General ’Wu Pei-Fu’s forces,
finally took that city.
In the meantime, General Wu de
cided it was time to eliminate Chang
Tso-Lin and thus bring about a re
unification of China. General Chang,
the Manchurian “war-lord,” decided
at about the same time that General
Wu should be eliminated. So Chang
declared war against the Peking
forces and started his army toward
Chihli. He met Wu’s troops outside
the great wall and fighting con
tinued for several weeks over a
front of many miles. The most
sanguinary battles took place not far
from Shanhaikwan, near the eastern
border of Chihli.
With verying reports of successes !
coming from the headquarters of;
both leaders, Feng Yu-Hsiang,
known as the “Christian General,” j
recently hurled a bombshell into the
controversy by appearing at Peking j
with his troops and announcing that
Tsao Kun must resign as president, i
General Wu be banished to Tibet
and peace made with Chang Tso-Lin.
General Feng, with the best-paid
and best-equipped troops of the
Chihli forces, had been sent to the
front to hold back Chang’s brig
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A LIVING EXPRESSION OF GRATITUDE
Two thousand children in the Near East oiphanage center for 14,000, at Alexanddropol, Armenia express
their thanks to America for the aid that has kept them from starvation, death or worse.
ades. Apparently Chang and Feng
arrived at an understanding and the
next announcement was from Pek
ing, where the “Christian General”
had taken control.
All sorts of reports emanaaedd
from the capital. It was said Gen
eral Wu had fled with his troops
to Tsingtao, Shangtung ; that Tsao
Kun had resigned, that Tuan Chi
jui, the powerful former Anfu lead
er, would assume charge of the gov
ernment, and that a real unification
of China would take place.
It later developed that Wu had not
fled to Tsingtao. Instead, the Chihli
leader and his forces appeared mid
way between Tientsin and Peking
and entrenched preparatory to a
battle to oust the “Christian Gen
eral” from the capital. It appeared
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(October 29) that the feud between
Chang and his enemy was far from
being settled .
Last reports were to the effect
that General Feng had suggested a
conference with General Wu with
the object of bringing about some
sort of an adjustment between the
latter and General Chang. At that
time the whereabouts of Chang had
not been made known.
General Wu’s claim is that Chang
: Tso-Lin is in reality a monarchist
! and an outlaw at heart and that if
he should gain control of the Peking
government, he would attempt to
•place the “boy emperor” back on the
throne and restore the Manchu dy
nasty. Chang declares that Wu is
the obstructive element in the work
of reorganizing China and that Pres
ident Tsao Kun was not elected by
the people, but by a parliament that
bribed.
GOVERNOR CANCELS JAP
CONCESSIONS LOWER CALIF.
MEXICALI, Lower California, Dec.
11.—Gov. A. Roderiguez of the north
ern district of Lower California, an
nounced here today that he had can
celled all of the extensive fishing con
cessions held by Japan on the coasts
of Lower California.
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The Alaska Railroad
TRAINS LEAVE SEWARD
8 A. M.
Monday and Thursday
TRAINS ARRIVE
8 P. M.
Wednesday and Saturday
South From
SEWARD
Dec. 21
Jan. 18
Calling at all regular S outheastern and South
western Alaska ports in eluding Seldovia and
Kodiak.
WAYNE BLUE, Agent
Telephone Main 81 £es.. Madison 40
Pacific Coastwise .Service
^ADMIRAL LINE
IH.FALEXANDER. PRESIDENT!
STEAMSHIP STARR
Starr Sails Dec. 7th, connecting with Northwestern
San Juan Fishing and Packing Co.
G. C. HENDERSON, Agent
PHONE MADISON 13*. 8EWARD, ALASKA
AUTO ISTS PAY EIGHT SEPA
RATE TAXES IN VARIOUS
STATES OF UNION
SEATTLE, Dec. 11.—The motorist
is the most taxed of any class of tax
payers in this country, paying eight
separate taxes in various states of
the Union. These consist of opera
tors license fee, motor registration
fee, gasoline tax ranging from one
to three cents a gallon, road tax, per
sonal property tax, federal income
tax, state income tax, and federal I
excise tax.
The autoist on a touring trip does
not get off as easily as he used to
years ago. Now every state has a
special way of prying money out of
him.
If goods are worth selling they are
worth advertising.
NOTICE TO THE PUBLIC
Haviing purchased the interest of
John Morrison in the Seward Plumb* V
ing Company, I will be responsible
for all debts owed by the concern,
and all bills due the company should
be paid to me.
HENRY RICHARDS.
Seward, Alaska, Dec. 3, 1924. 5t
Join the Chamber of commerce.
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Gas Launch
KENAI
FISHING AND HUNTING
PARTIES CARRIED DOWN
LAKE KENAI FOR THE
DAY OR TRIP. TELE
PHONE ARRANGEMENTS
TO MILE TWENTY
Louis Bell, owner
Swedish American Line
“Only line between America and
Sweden.” Direct over the Atlantic
and the North Sea in Large, Mod
ern and Comfortable steamers.
Frequent sailings.
Christmas Excursions to Sweden
and Finland
S. S. STOCKHOLM—From New
York December 2; from Halifax
December 4.
S. S. DROTTNINGHOLM—From
New York December 10.
Also Earlier Sailings
For further information and res
ervations apply to
WAYNE BLUE,
Agent for Seward, Alaska
ALASKA
STEAMSHIP CO.
SOUTHWESTERN ALASKA
ROUTE SCHEDULE
Vessel—
Scheduled
Lv. Seattle
Scheduled
Arr. Seward
Dec. 6th
Dec. loth
Dec. 2Cth
Dec. 27th
Jan. 3rd
Scheduled
Sail fm Seward
Dec. 6th
Dec. 13th
Dec. 20th
Dec. 27tb
Jan. -3rc
Northwestern.Nov. 20th
Alaska. Dec. 6th
Alameda.Dec. 13th
Northwestern. Dec. 20th
Alaska.Dec. 27th
NOTE—Ships in above schedule sail from Pier Two, Seattle, at 9:00
a. m. each sailing date and will call at Ketchikan, Wrangell, Juneau
Cordova, Valdez, Latouche and Seward, both north and southbound.
Northwestern and Alameda will also call at Petersburg both ways.
Steamers leave Seward at MIDNIGHT on sailing dates shown.
Steamer Redondo is scheduled to saial from Seward December 6
and 13 for Soldo via and Halibut Cove.
J. H. FLICKINGER, Agent
PHONE MAIN 125 SEWARD, ALASKA
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