STANFORD SCIENTIST
TELLS QUAKE CAUSE
STRAIN ON EARTHS’S CRUST RE
LIEVED BY EVENT, ASSERTS
DOCTOR BAILEY WILLS; EX
TENT OF DAMAGE BLAMED ON
FAULTY BUILDINGS.
Note: Professor Bailey Willis of
Stanford University who is president
of the Seismological Society of Ameri
ca. a geologist of international repute
and regarded as the foremost author
ity on the continent on earthquakes,
has issued the following story unsol
icited, following his observations of
the damaged area in Santa Barbara,
he having been there at the time the
shock struck the city.
STANFORD UNIVERSITY, July 21.
(/P)—Santa Barbara will not experi
ence another shock like the recent one
for many years, as . the earthquake
strain is off and it is just now one of
the safest places in the United States
so far as earthquakes are concerned,
Dr. Bailey Willis, professor emeritus
of geology, Stanford University, and
president of the Seismological Society
of America declared today.
Dr. Willis, an authority on earth
quakes, predicted the Santa Barbara
disturbances and was in a suburb of
the city during the tremblors.
Instead of the heavy losses that re
sulted from the shock there would
have been little damage and the
earthquake would have passed simply
as an interesting experience if public
opinion had supported the officials in
a rigid enforcement of the rules of
good construction, Dr. Willis said in
describing the shock and outlining
the causes for serious damage suffer
ed at Santa Barbara.
Area Restricted.
“Having been in Miramar, a sub
urb of Santa Barbara during the re
cent earthquake, having twice inspect
ed the damage done in the city, and
being familiar with the local geologi
cal conditions from which the earth
quake sprang,” Dr. Willis said “I
make the following statement of
facts:
“The Santa Barbara earthquake
was a local shock of moderate sever
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“The area within which it was
starting was about GO miles long by
10 miles wide, or one-half of one
per cent of the area of California.
The area of destructive intensity was
limited to a few acres. As compared
with the earthquake of February 28
in the Eastern states the area of
startling shock was about one-fourth
of one per cent and the maximum in
tensity was probably very similar, but
much more narrowly localized.
Two Kinds of Ground.
“The city of Santa Barbara is built
in a valley surrounded by hills and
on two kinds of ground, if we distin
guish them by their reaction to an
earthquake. The hills consist of sol
id rock or of well consolidated masses
of gravel and boulders. The earth
quake vibrations in this material are
very rapid, but short, and harmless
as a shiver.
“The valley fill is less firmly con
solidated, the vibrations are longer
and though slower, are more dan
gerous. This was one principal rea
son for the concentration of destruc
tion along State street. The other
prime reason was poor design and
bad construction. Good buildings
stood, poor ones revealed their weak
ness.
I he California Hotel, a frame
structure with brick walls, was strip
ped of its walls because they wer.e
uot properly fastened to the frame
and all the interior was revealed to
view.
“The San Marcos Building, the
most conspicuous failure, was of
heavy concrete, rather lightly rein
forced and not braced diagonally to
an adequate degree considering the
weight of the walls and arched con
crete floors. An older section of the
structure formed the corner and it
was knocked down by the swaying
of the entire building, just as the
end brick of a pile will be knocked
over. The floors and roof fell in
and the walls collapsed on top of
them, showing the weakness of the
concrete and the lack of rigidity in
the structure.
“The damage to the Arlington
Hotel appears to have been due to
architectural ambition, which led to
the construction of heavy brick tow
ers adjacent to a large open rotun
da, across which there was no ade
quate bracing. The brick walls at
the back also fell out because they
were not tied to the frame.
Take
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Precautions Neglected.
“This review of the damage done
in conspicuous cases shows that the
general causes of loss were. Unfor
tunately, they are not confined to
Santa Barbara nor even to Califor
nia. The fundamental cause of earth
quake damage is the general neglect
of the precautions necessary to in
sure ourselves against it.
“Where the ground is of such
character that the vibrations are
bound to be dangerous, we may pro
tect ourselves by sinking foundations
ten feet or more, constructing the
foundation walls with wide footings,
or putting the structure on a rein
forced slab1, so that it will move as
a unit.
“The responsibility really comes
back to technical men and public
opinion. If the engineers and arch
itects had insisted in adequate build
ing laws embodies in a proper code
of regulations, and if public opinion
had supported the officials in a rigid
enforcement of the rules of good
construction, this moderately severe
earthquake would have passed sim
ply as an interesting experience.”
GEOLOGIST SEES NO
QUAKES FOR CENTURY
SANTA BARBARA.—W. R. Hay
ward, well known geologist who for
many years has studied the causes
of earthquakes, today declared that
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I illlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllBIll
santa Barbara need have no fear of
i return of the tremblors, such as
fc'ere felt last Monday.
“ihere i3 little danger that Santa
Barbara will have another bad quake
01 100 years or more and no dan
ger whatever of any tidal wave fol
owing. Disturbances of this kind
iie, in reality, freaks of nature, but
iccording to scientific observation do
lot recur within 100 years or so, if
jver.”
Earthquakes are caused by the
leaking apart of the earth far be
ow the surface, probably many ages
i&o, said Mr. Hayward.
“Where these breaks occured we
describe the condition as a ‘fault.’
Gradually the weight of the earth,
or its shrinkage, causes slipping,
which brings upon the general move
ment which we term a quake.—Re
print from L03 Angeles Examiner,
July 2, 1925.
SEATTLE COUPLE WED
Miss Dora Josephine Murray of Se- ^
attle and Andrew F. Keogh, employed
on one of the Copper River & North
western bridge crews, were married
in Cordova last week by Fr. Wm. Mc
Millan.
STEAMSHIP STARR
NEXT SAILING WEST FROM SEWARD AUG. 10
San Juan Fishing and Packing Co. '
G. C. HENDERSON. Agent
PHONE MADISON 13*. SEWARD, ALASKA
July 15
S. S. ADMIRAL WATSON
July 28, 9 p. m. July 21
S. S. ADMIRAL EVANS
Sails from
Seattle
July 28
Calling at all regular Southeastern and South
western Alaska ports including Seldovia and
Kodiak.
Arrives South from
Seward Seward
August 4 August 11, 9 p. m.
WAYNE BLUE, Agent
Telephone Main 81 Res.. Madison 40
Pacific Coastwise Jerviee
^ADMIRAL LINE
iH.F.ALEXANDER. PRESIDENT!
M111111111111111111111 f 111! 111 i 111 > ■ 1111111 ■.
*
mnmmimiimiiH*
ALASKA STEAMSHIP
Vessel—
Northwestern
Alaska
Yukon
Northwestern
Alacka
Yukon
COMPANY
Southwestern Alaska Route Schedule I
“ " Scheduled Scheduled Sail a
Ar. Seward from Seward
July 25. July 26. =
Aug. 1.
Aug. 8.
Aug. 15
August 22
Aug. 29
Scheduled
Lv. Seattle
July 18.
July 25.
Aug. 1.
Aug. 8
August 15
Aug. 22,
Aug. 2.
Aug. 9.
Aug. 16.
August 23
Aug. 30.
iSDtes“utheisteme SC,5edul,e wlU make aU ™*»lar P°rts «f call I
. ern and Southwestern Alaska. a
O’PT 1 c ab?Ve schedule will not leave Seward earlier than FOUR =
O CLOCK Sunday afternoon, sailing date.
?"yi“/ freif!n and Pa^agera, connects with |
lam points ,uhiect weekly' for Cook lnlet aD(i I*- = ,
u pomts’ subject to change without notice. = *
phone FUCKINGEE, Af,nt>0 ^ |
5 ,l,|lll|III||||||J|||||||]|,||||j||||||„Illllljl,l„]|||||||,l||||llIIYTlllll||lllll|lllll|||^
See the Interior
-VIA
“The Golden Belt”
. T° ,^e ®nd that the countless places of scenic and other inter- =
ff ™Jih{e Territory may be thoroughly enjoyed and understand, and =
ernS M A1? V? acaui;e.Srst hand and accurate information con- |
cerning all Alaskan activities and development; travelers to the 5
Northland are urged to visit s to me 3
ALASKA’S “GOLDEN HEART”
„T Intenor Alaska and places en route—including Kenai Lake the
Loop District,” Spencer and Bartlett Glaciers, Turnagain Arm’ An
chorage the Matanuska Valley, Curry, Nenana River Canyon Mt Me
m ,nphynfN*t!0nal*Park' Nenana’ tJe Tanana Valley ad Fairbanks,‘hold
much of interest to everyone, whether on business or pleasure bent*
anti a tour through these regions creates a true conception of the
good things that Alaska has to offer.
S= F°r train and automobile schedules, passenger rates and other in
formation, confer with any steamship agent, or
a
a
=
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
The Alaska Railroad I
(McKinley Park Route) a /
s a r
£ Seward Anchorage Curry Nenana
Fairbanks