The Seward Gateway
°UBLISH£D DAILY
at Seward. Alaska
SELBY & HOBEN, Props.
II. B. SELBY, Managing Editor
Stereo as Second Class Matter Sep
ember 2nd, 1915, at the Post Office ac
Seward, Alaska, under the Act of
March Third, 1879.
Published Daily Except Sunday by
THE GATEWAY PUBLISHING CO.
Seward, Alaska
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(Continued from Page One)
1 lie policy ot the new Administra
tion was outlined in one ot the brief
est inaugural addresses eve.- made to
Congress. In it Mr. Wilson indicated j
his purpose to revise tne tariff and to
reform the currency s., stent. The j
President maintained that the Repub -
lican protective tariff was a breeder
of “trusts” and that the National b; nk
system which had noi been changed
since the Civil Mar, gave Wail street
financiers too much power. Among
other innovations, Mi. Wilson annnun-,
red a policy of “piti.ess publicity”
and. until May, 1916, gave semi-week
ly audiences to the Washington news-)
paper correspondents. He said the
White House would be ‘wide open ”
but correspondents were not seen by
him during the war. He declined mem
bership in an exclusive golf club at!
the Capital and joined a very modest j
one where lie went to play his favor-!
ite outdoor game. Later he determin-i
ed on rounds of all the outdoor clubs
and included the fashionable ones.
When Congress assembled for the j
extraordinary session to revise the j
tariff it was announced that Mr. Wil
son would eo personally to the Capi- j
tol and read his message to the House!
and Senate assembled in joint session.
It hadn’t been done since the days of
Adams and Jefferson. Congress had
been used to having the Presidential
messages transmitted iu writing. On
April 6, 1913, contrary to all modern
practice, Mr. Wilson appeared in pei
son before Congress. Republicans re
sented being ‘ lectured like a lot oi
schoolboys,” but the Democrats ap
proved the new method and cheered, j
His words, at any rate, were receiv
ed with the closest attention.
The President later gave notice of
what he expected • ougress to accom
plish before adjournment. The tariff
revised after long and acrimonious
debate and charges by Mr. Wilson
that big corporations were maintain
ing lobbies at the Capitol to obstruct
his program, lie announced that the
u. xt move was to relorm the curren
cy It had be n a long, gruelling ses
sion, and a hot sultry Summer was at
hand. Despite this, the President de-:
dared he intended to remain in Wash
ington until Congress put through his
other pledge to the people. What fol
lowed was the enactment of the Fed
eral Reserve banking system on Dec
ember 23, 1913, the object of which
was to make the National currency
more elastic and prevent panics.
“The Federal Reserve Act ” it has
been said, “was the result of a long
discussion by statesmen, financiers,
economists and bankers and was a
| constructive measure based upon and
.growing out of many biiis wnich had
been introduced in Congress within
a period covering 20 or more years.”
Domestic concerns of the country
during the President’s first year were
i serene enough; foreign affairs were
i not so tranquil. The Mexican situa
; tion and the anti-alien law discussion
in California, a subject offensive to
the Japanese, confronted Mr. Wilson
almost at the outset of his administra
: tion.
A revolutionary coup d’ etat in Mex
ica had overthrown President Madero
i and placed in dictatorship General
! Victoriano Huerta. Within a few days
President Madero and Vice President
Suarez were assassinated in Mexico
City. President Taft had deferred re
cognizing the Huerta government and
left the incoming President live to
make his own decisions. Mr. Wilson
refused to recognize Huerta and for
months thereafter followed a policy of
what lie called “watchful waiting.” He
isolated Huerta’s government by plac
ing an embargo upon the shipment ol
arms and ammunition. Meanwhile,
he permitted troops of Venustiano Cat
ranza, calling themselves the Consti
tutionalist forces, to import war sup
plies from the United States.
Two results of the etnbroglio were j
the occupation ol Vera Cruz by Ainei
ican forces in April 1914 and the mil
itary expedition for the capture 01 j
killing of the Mexican bandit, Fran
cisco Villa, led by General Pershing in
March, 1916, following a raid and mas
sacre of American citizens oi Colum -
bus N. M. Finally Carranza’s gov
eminent triumphed a.id was recogniz
ed.
On August 14, 1911. a few days as
ter the beginning of the World Mai
the Panama canal was opened to navi
gation. Gr at. Pri.ain previously had
be*jn pressing toe United St ties to
peal the provision of the Panama ca
nal Act wh en gav? fret- pa-sage to
American coast .vi v ships through the I
waterway. She contended it was in
violation of die Hav Pauneefote trea-i
fy. President Wii-on age* d w.lli
this view and personally appeared tie
fore congress and asked it to nullity
the tolls exemption clause on the
ground that if this request were not
granted he would not know how to
deal with other matters of great im
portance. It was the President s first
test ol strength, and, although he was
opposed in his stand by Speaker
Clark and other leading democrats, j
the tolls exemption was repealed.
When the European conflict burst
upon the world in all its lury Presi
dent Wilson in an address to his fel
low' countrymen counselled them to be
strictly neutral. Exerting every ef-j
fort to avert the drawing of the Unit-j
ed States into the maelstrom, for j
nearly three years he drew upon him
self the bitterest criticism of some of
his staunchest friends. About thD
time, speaking of the example of Am- j
erica in regard to peace, he said •
“There is such a thing as a man be
ing too proud to fight. 1 here is such
a thing as a nation being so right that
it does not need to convince others
by force that it is right.”
Popular resentment against peace
at any price was rising in America.
Fighting Europe ridiculed Mr. Mil
son’s policy but lated accepted the ex
planation of his friends that he was.
maneuvering for delay, that tne l nif
ed Slates wras not prep-md to take a!
big part in the struggle. that the na
tion was not unitedly lor war by rea
THE GREAT STORY BY
RICHARD HARDING DAVIS
wm a
48,^.’W
STARRING
HERBERT RAW LINSGN
A TWO-REEL CENTURY COMEDY
•'AMERICAN PLAN”
WITH LEE MORAN
AND A FINE PATI1E NEWS
s-'uns of its uiverse population and di
vtded Sin Pier.:.
A tragic moiiitni '*1 tlif* President's
; life came, when sitting at the bedside
of his dying wife, he penned a mes
sage to the European powers suggest
ing a peaceful settlement. Mrs. Wil
son died on August 6, 1914, and the
President took her body to her girl
hood home in Rome, Georgia, for bur
ial. The family circle had been brok
en only a short time previously by tlie
marriage of two of the President’s
daughter’s Jessie add Eleanor, one to
Francis Bowes Sayre and the other
to William Gibbs McAdoo, then Secre
tary of the Treasury. Mrs. Wilson’s
death left the President alone except
for his eldest daughter. Margaret, who
was absent much of the time in wel
fare work.
The Wilson family had preserved its
simple domesticity upon coming to the
White House. The household furni
ture, including a sewing machine,
which had been brought from Prince
ton, was installed on the second floor
of the mansion away from the form
al settings of State parlors on the
floor below. There the President and
his wife and children lived among
their own personal belongings and it
was in this seclusion, after a hard
days’ work, that Mr. Wilson found
comfort and rest. Often he read aloud
in the evening to the members of his
family.
Mrs. Wilson’s death plunged the
President into deep personal grief.
With it came the anxiety of guiding
the country aright in a world afire.
To add to his perplexities, the prac
tices of the German government—par
ticularly in submarne warfare were
inexplicable to men of honesty and
candor. He found it hard to believe
that the innumerable atrocities charg
ed against U-boat commanders could
be attributed to the orders of the
German government but his disallu
sionment finally came after the most
prolonged exchange of notes and war
nings.
v_/ii iviaj i , iv i.j, lilt: nirauiom^
Lusitania was torpedoes and sunk off
the coast of Ireland with a loss of fif
teen hundred lives, more than 110 of,
them American and many women and
children. Great Britain in her block
ade, had been accused of violating in
ternational law but her acts involved ,
only losses of property and damages
which could be assessed in money.
This situation, however, served to af
fect a large element of Americans and
worked to the advantage of the Cent
ral Powers. With the sinking of the
Lusitania, however, sentiment chaug
ed. The fact that Germany was tak
ing her toll in human lives of neutrals
was emphasized. There was a wide
spread camor in the United States for
war.
Still President Wilson hesitated.
Formal diplomatic protests,—note
writing his critics called it—contin
ued. Meantime German spies and pro
pagandists were active. Munition
plants, ships and wharves were being
burned or dynamited to hinder the
shipment of supplies to the allies. The
President was slowly reaching the
conclusion that the United States was
being forced into the war and that it
must soon determine to defend its
rights against such aggressions on the
land and sea.
The first Lusitania note to Germany
solemnly warned the German Emper
or against the wanton murder of Am
ericans “on peaceful enjoyment of
their rights on the high seas.” The
German government replied with a
blast of irrelevancies. It adroitly tri
ed to use the United States as a club
to force England to lift the blockade.
In the midst of the note writing, Mr.
Bryan, one of the foremost advocates
of world peace, and Secretary of State
resigned because he disagreed, it was
said with the President’s course in
his negotiations with Germany. They
parted friends, however, and Mr. Bry
an supported his former chief tor the
renomination in 1916.
The net result of the diplomatic cor
respondence with Berlin w7as that Ger
many, one year after the loss of the
Lusitania, pledged herself to respect
the rules of civilized warfare on the
sea.
Ship after ship had been sent to the
bottom without warning and this cli
max came with the sinking on March
24 1916 of the English Channel stea
mer Sussex. The President, in a final
note, served notice on the German
Emperor that he might expect war
with the United States if the ‘inhu
man and illegal” practices continued.
His warning to Germany that she
would be held Jo “a strict account '1
ity” and his later declaration that ± .u
erica would use “force without limit,”
stirred responsive chords in the
hearts of most Americans.
Germany for a few7 months kept her
promise. Mr. Wilson, dubious that i
her comparativ y good behavior.
would continue, addressed the Senate j
in December 1916, and urged the na-j
tions at war to attempt a settlement, i
It wras the celebrated “peace without
victory” speech and it aroused the ve
hement Democratic and Republican
partisans. Within a few months, ear
ly in 1917 Germany announced her
intention of resuming unrestricted U
boat warfare and sinking neutral and
belligerent merchant men and passen
ger ships without search and regard
\ lpss the safety of passengers or
crews.
President Wilson, accordingly broke
off diplomatic relations with the Ber
lin government and gave Count von
Bernstorff, the German Ambassador,
his passports. Everybody knew it
meant war, that the conflict was close
at hand. Meanwhile a happy domes
; tic event in the President's life serv
ed to lighten the burden of his offi
cial cares.. He was married to Mrs.
Edith Boling Galt the widow of a
Washington merchant, who immediate
ly became his constant companion and
confidant.
Germany’s latest threat caused the
President to take a step regarded as
a precedent to actual hostilities. He
recommended the arming of merchant
ships lor their own defence against
the illegal attacks by submarines. It
was the much assailed policy of arm
ed neutrality. A little while before
this the famous McLemore resolution
\*as introduced in the House.. It pro
poed to warn Americans against the
exercise of their lawful right of trav
eling on the high seas in the ships of
a belligerent. Mr. Wilson demanded a
vote by the House—the Senate alrea
dy opposed the resolution—and the
measure was defeated. It solidified
American sentiment for war.
In attempting to put into effect his
plan of arming American merchant
ships, the President encountered a fil
ibuster in Congress. The House was
willing to authorize him to proceed
but opposition in the Senate delayed
the President’s program until the
next session. Because of the filibus
ter by “twelve wilful men,” as Mr.
Wilson called the obstructors he
fought for and obtained a change in
the Senate rules making it impossible
for a minority to prevent legislation
by “talking a bill to death.”
Internal affairs in the 1’nited States
early in 1917 were in a state of res
tiveness verging on turmoil.. Enemy
(Continued on Page Three)
i
H. & W. Brassieres
and
P. K. Practical
Front Corsets
Banbury and Ogle
Complete Your
Dinner
With
Whipping Cream
Seward Dairy
ARON ERICSON
PAINTER AND DECORATOR
MADISON 130
FRAMED PICTURES
ICt CREAM
MADE DAILY
HIGH GRADE
CANDY
PHOTOGRAPHS,
CURIOS
PHONE ADAMS 128
STEAMSHIP STARR
STEAMSHIP STAKE SAILS FOR WESTWARD
POINTS ABOUT FEBRUARY 15
San Juan Fishing and Packing Co.
G. C. HENDERSON, Agent
PHONE MADISON <3»>. SEWARD, ALA3KA
BENSON & WHITTEMORE, Proprietors
Exclusive distributors of Budweiser, Bevo and Monopole Cipara.
The Finest Billiard and Pool Hall in Alaska
THE PALACE
John Mattich, Prop.
Pool Soft Drinks Cigars
FURNISHED ROOMS
Phone Mam 55
Chop Suey
Noodles
Harry Yago
Phone Madison 16
DR. O. A. BRAAFLADT
Dentist
Office Hours 9 A. M. 5 to P. M.
Office open Evenings by Appointment
TELEPHONES
Office, Adams 111 Res., Adams 21
RAY & DAVID
Attorneys at Law
SEWARD & ANCHORAGE
Seward Office:
Harrlman Bank Building
DR. J. A. BAUGHMAN
Physician and Surgeon
Chronic Diseases a Specialty
Phone Maaison 90, Seward, Alaska.
AARON E. RUCKER
Attorney at Law
Office In Arcade Building
'PHONE ADAMS 121
SEWARD, ALASKA
HUGH DOUGHERTY
REAL ESTATE AND INSURANCE
Furnished Houses for Rent
Residence Phone. Madison 58
Office Phone, Madison 136
Seward Chapter No. 10.
ORDER EASTERN
STAR
Meets 2nd and 4th Mon
days at 8 p. m. Visiting
Members Welcome
VIOLA T. SWETMANN, W. M.
CLARA PERRY, Secretary.
Seward Rebekah
Lodge No. 6-A,
I. O. O. F.
Meets 1st and Jrd
Monday’s of Each
Y Month, 8 p. m. Vislt
,rT1„ A members welcome
MRS. A. H. THODAY N. G
Seward Lodge No. 219.
F- A A. M.
Stated communication*
1st and 3rd Wednes
days of each month,
visiting Brethern wel
H. V. HOBEN, W. M.
W. O. Perry, Secretary.
». O. O. F.
Resurrection Lodge
I „ r. No. A-7.
1 imrsdays at s p. m Visiting
Brothers welcome. Frank Lagerquist,
N. G.; Chas. Lechner, Sec.
IGLOO NO. NINE.
PIONEERS OF ALASKA
Meets every 2nd and 4th Friday at
Odd Fellow’* Hall
F. B. MOORE, Pres.
C. A. M DOUGALL, Sec’y.
SEWARD “CUT. NO *IVE
AMERICAN LEGiON
Meets Second and Fourth Tnescaya
ELWYN SWETmaNN, Com.
J. P. HANNON, Adjutant
PGR FIRE INSURANCE
SEE
MORFORF)
WM. D. COPPERNOLL
LAWYER
Seward, Alaska
D, H. WILLIAMS
UNDERTAKER
LICENSED EMBALMER
AND FUNERAL DIRECTOR
When In need of my services call
Brown & Hawkin*
FRED J. SPACH
GENERAL SURVEYING AND
MAPPING
Certified Member A. A. E.
Licensed C. E. State of Idaho
Phone 113-R
ANCHORAGE, ALASKA