STRICTLY SANITARY BATHS
ATTRACTIVE LOBBY \
COONEY MOTEL
DOG KENNELS NENANA, ALASKA
\A\\V»mVC»V«V\V^\\\\WVV\NV\V«\\WiNVtV\\VSW«»
•t *>***********»***. r
*t *!
*5 MARINE BULLETIN •*
«5 «
se », »• * k * % at •> * * » * *. *t * *>. a?
Washburn, at Holy Cross.
* Seattle No. 3, at Kotlik, waiting
for ice to leave St. Michael.
Slmsana, left Xenana for Fair
banks 1 a. m. today.
Eclipse, at Xenana.
Tanana, with Sibilla in tow, down
Fort Yukon 6 a. m. today.
Kelley and Benchley, at Tolo
vana. ,
Launch Xita, down Louden, 3:45
A p. m. yesterday.
Jacobs, at Gibbon.
Genuine Buhach at Fowler &
Morris,
TOLOVANA CLEANUP
REACHES FAIRBANKS
On the Carl White launch, which
* reached Fairbanks yesterday evening
with the Tolovana mail, a shipment
consisting of £125.000 worth of gold
dust was received.
Carl White stated that the min
For Sale
HORSESHOE CAFE
BROOKS
The Only Fully Equipped
Restaurant In Brook*
Open and Doing Business
Owner Leaving For Outside
♦1
ers are still busy cleaning up theii
winter dumps and that the sum
mer’s work has not been taken in
hand as yet.
ORPHAN CLUB MEMBERS
WILL MEET TOMORROW
The regular weekly meeting of
the Xenana Orphan Fund club will
be held tomorrow afternoon at the
home of Mrs. W. H. Gilcher, at
First and C streets. The meeting
will commence at the usual hour.
2:30.
FAIRBANKS TELEPHONE
GIRL GOING OUTSIDE
Miss Edith Waite, who has been
connected with the Fairbanks Tele
phone company, as telephone opera
tor .for some time past, has re
signed her position and expects to
leave soon for the States.
Her place on the staff of the
"hello” girls will be filled by Mrs
Durwood Hocker, a former tele
phone girl of Fairbanks.
LAUNCH PEERLESS SAILED
FOR FAIRBANKS TODAY
The launch Peerless. Captain Joe
Johnson, sailed for Fairbanks this
morning with the mail, and Frar.l
Wiseman as a passenger. She prob
ably will return to X'enana tomor
row.
Jack Singleton is a guest at th<
Cooney hotel, where he is recover
ing from the effects of a severe cu
near the knee, received several day.
ago while smoothing the wall of <
log cabin with an ax.
Henana. Alaaka'a Interior rml Depa'
COLES AIR TIGHT
HEATERS
RANGES
OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS
Yukon Stoves and Drums
Air Tight Heaters
Any Thing in the Sheet Metal, Plumb
ing or Heating Line
Tanana Sheet Metal Works
!
Just Received
ON STEAMER WASHBURN
Fresh Eggs
Oranges, Lemons
Apples, Grapefruit
Northern Commercial Co.
»/? =; = ; = = = = = = = IiII= = = ;== = =;= = :. •===== = ■ : = = = :=:= : ==
I War Department History
I Tells of “Material” Side
Of Winning Great War
WASHINGTON, D. C.—Mach in,
guns and small arms produced bj
the military, ammunition turned ou
by billions of rounds and tank
built by thousands when the armis
tice ended hostilities, furnish the
subject of chapters made public ol
the war department’s history of the
“material’’ side of winning the war
The story of machine gun produc
tion, about which such a hot con
troversy waged in Congress as a re
sult of the failure of the American
army to adopt for standard general
use the Lewis weapon used success
fully abroad, is told as follows:
“The manufacturing facilities fot
machine guns in this country were
much more limited in extent than
the public had any notion of them
(when the United States entered
the wart or today. We had at the
outbreak of the war only two fac
tories which were actually produc
ing machine guns in any quantit>
“It was therefore evident that w:
had to build up almost a eompletel..
new capacity for production. Nev
ertheless, we took advantage of wha
facilities were at hand; and at onc<
in fact within a week after the de
claration of war, were placing order;
for machine guns. In this connec
tion the reader should bear cor.
tinuallv in mind that throughout ths
development of machine gun manu
facture. we utilized all existing
facilities to the limit in addition t;
building up new sources of supply
"In other words, whenever con
cerns were engaged in the manu
facture of machine guns, whateve:
their make or type, we did not sto]
■ the production of these types ;;
these plants and convert the estab
lishments into factories for makin;
other weapons; but we had then
continue the manufacture in whici
they were engaged, giving then
orders which would enable them ti
; expand their facilities in their par
ticular lines of production.”
The statement shows that the tw;
Browning guns, the heavy and th<
light automatic rifle (of the typi
now in use by the troops in France
were pronounced by the special tes
board which held a conference it
May, 1917, “the most effective gun
of their types known to the mem
bera,” in addition to being designe
for the purpose of quantity produc
tion. At the same test improve.
Lewis guns also proved highly effi
cient and were recommended by th<
board. Subsequently the Lewis gu.
was shifted to aircraft work becaus
of special adaptability and on re
commendation of General Pershing’
staff.
The report says there was grea
dearth of heavy machine guns fo
aircraft work, to be syncronized wiil
propellers. This shortage existed ii
the French and British services a
well as in the American. Th
Browning aircraft gun would hav<
met the requirement but it woul,
be a long time before it could b
produced in quantity. In seekinj
a stop gap weapon until the Brown
ing could be ready, the ordnance de
partment, by “one of those sur
prising and almost accidental sue
; cesses" sometimes encounterec
^ found that a modifed Marlin gu
j which could be quickly produce
i met all requirements. Genera
Eershing cabled in November. 191?
“Marlin guns now rank as high a
any with pilots, an<j are entirel
satisfactory.”
The first twelve American div:
sions to reach France," the repot
continues, “were armed with Hotel
kiss heavy machine guns and Chau
chat automatic rifles by the Frenc
government. More than 1.000 Vick
ers heavy guns produced in th
United States were traded to th
French as they were needed i
French aircraft. During May an
June, 1918, eleven American div
sions sailed, all equipped with VicV
ers heavy guns built in the Unite
States, and received Chauchat rifle
in France. After June all division
to sail were equipped with th
standard American weapons, th
light and heavy Brownings.”
The work of the light Browning
is declared to have been so spet
tacular as compared with any exis'
ing weapons of this character tha
when they were demonstrated i
France the officers of the Amer:
can expeditionary force promptly d«
c-ided to increase the equipment o
infantry troops by 50 per cent, add
ing enormously to the productio
burden at home. The heavy Brown
t ings functioned so well that an offi
j cial report is quoted telling of the
work of 17 guns which were tested
immediately after they had been en
gaged with the enemy in a severe
action and while they still were
encrusted with rust and mud and
bearing shrapnel scars. Without be
ing cleaned in any way each gun
fired a belt of 250 cartridges with
out a malfunction.
The demand for light Brownings
was so heavy that when the armis
tice was signed, the department was
driving forward production to the
end that British, Belgian and French
troops might be equipped with this
weapon, these three nations having
asked for supplies of this latest
American addition to the fighting
equipment.
Tip to November 11, the produc
tion of Browning rifles was 52,238,
a majority of which were in France.
In addition, 29,000 Chauchat guns
had been purchased, so that enough
light automatic rifles were on hand
, to supply 100 divisions or an army
j of 3,500,000 men. In the same
time 41,804 heavy Bownings and
Vickers guns had been produced to
make with the Hotchkiss weapons
purchased from the French a total
of 54,627 of this type, or enough
to equip 200 divisions or an army
of 7,000,000.
i -“At the peak of our production.'
the report says. “ a total of 1,794
machine guns and automatic rifles of
all types were produced within a
period of 24 hours,” and the total
production of machine guns in the
United States between April 6, 1917,
and November 11, 1918, was 185,
039 as against 229,238 produced by
1 the French and 181,040 by the Brit
1 ish in the same period.”
Only the loyal co-operation of the
manufacturers with whom "com
1 petitive commercial advantages
1 weighed not at all against the na
1 tionai need,” made possible this
' achievement, the report states.
Other production struggles de
scribed in the chapter include items
' varying in size from trench knives
' to the 45-ton Mark VIII tanks of
British design of which 1,500 were
being constructed in co-operation
: with the British and 1.450 additional
wholly by American enterprise. Only
; one of these had been delivered up
to January 1, 1919. but it is noted
; that the work on each program on
• component parts was 50 per cent
complete when the armistice was
■ signed. Orders for all but 100 of
' these tanks have been cancelled.
1 On November 11. 64 tanks of the
French six-ton type had been de
■ livered and by January 31, of this
s year, 291. Of these six were ship
ped abroad. Oreders for 1,000 Mark
: I light tanks were cancelled, as
' were orders for 15,015 three-ton
i tanks, fifteen of which had been
i completed on November 11.
s The history of the rifle produc
: tion, including all of the considera
■ tions which led to the adoption of
! the standardized British Enfield
■ weapon for American use, also is
■ fully outlined. This was another
- element of the ordnance program
- that was severely criticized, but the
- department states that it sees nc
- reason now- to change its view thal
■ the wisest course was that which wa
l followed. Army experts still hole
1 that the Springfield rifle is the be5'
1 military weapon made, but it is de
, dared the rifle program would havt
s been “hopelessly delayed,” if it har
>’ been attempted to equip the forces
with those weapons. It is reiterate*
- also that the Enfield rifle as it wa1
t in production in American plant1
- when the United States entered th<
- war was an utterly inadequat*
l weapon, while as it was modified, i
■ became second only to the Spring
i field. Despite the delay due t<
b modification and standardization, al
l American troops were equipped wit!
i modern, efficient, American-mad<
- rifles before they left the Unite*
- States.
1 “The decision to modify the En
s field,” says the report, “was on<
s of the greatest decisions of the ex
b ecutive prosecutions of the war—al
- honr to General John T. Thomp
-son and the other rifle experts whr
s made it.”
The total rifle production in tht
- United States from the beginnint
t of the war up to November 9, 1918
i was 2.506,307, of which a littl
- more than 300,000 were Springfiek
- rifles.
f Considerable attention is devotee
- to the production of automatic pis
1 tols and revolvers for the troops
- In the “Colt .45,” the standard army
- automatic, developed as a result oi
2ftiiiiiimiiiinimmifiHinimitfitttitminiiim!iiimimiiiimiiiimiiimiimiii!iiiii|£
| ICE CREAM |
| AND f
(soft drinks!
(INCLUDING THE WAR TAX)
I THE PORTLAND |
- JACKSON & EKELAND, Prop*.
-.iiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiimmiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiimiimiiimiiiiiiiimiiiii.i..................
Philippine experience by the army
and which also has an invention by
Browning, the United States forces
.had a weapon which ail Europe
: could not match for efficiency in
i action and which brought terror to
| the Germans when American troops
! reached the front.
European countries failed to ap
preciate the value of a large calibre,
hard hitting weapon of this type
; and the chief use of pistols and re
volvers in European armies had been
as ornaments for officers' uniforms
.it is said, rather than for active
■ fighting.
I
I
I
“The result of Europe's neglect.’’
the report says, “was that the small
calibre revolvers of the Germans
and even of the French and English
were toys in comparison to the bie
Colts that slapped the thighs of
American doughboys.
“With this weapon." it is stated,
“any average soldier with average
training can hit what he shoots at.
In almost the first skirmish it prov
ed its superior usefulness in trench
fighting. Such incidents as that o!
the single American soldier who dis
persed or killed a whole squad of
German bavoneteers which had sur
rounded him struck the enemy with
fear of Yankee prowess with the
pistol.”
This resulted in the addition of
pistols to the fighting equipment of
the American troops at a rate tha*
i overwhelmed the supply. Every ef
fort to increase production was
made, but the army was forced to
resort to .45-calibre revolvers to
supplement the supply. The actual
, rate of production reached just be
for the armistice was 1,993 pistols
and 1.233 revolvers a day, and the
total number of the weapons budt
during the war was 743,663.
The standard American army rifle
ammunition proved its superiority in
action, adding materially to the :
curacy of American small arms fire.
Extraordinary measures to produce
cartridges in sufficient numbers are
recounted in the report, and in the
fall of 1918 the United State
achieved pn average monthly output
of 284,852,735 rounds against a
British average of 259,769,000 and a
French average of 139,845,000. Dur
ing the 19 months the United States
was in the war it produced 2,864 -
'954,000 rounds, approximately equal
ling the French production and cim
paring with 3,486,127,000 produced
; by Great Britain.
Bless Her Heart
At this dear Corn Fed do not laugh
I think she is a dream;
She is sixteen around the calf
l And sixty round the beam.
Nothing Succeeds
Like Success
Our Goods are Right. Our Prices are
Right
Watch and Jewelry Repairing, Engraving
Wm. TAYLOR
COLISEUM
STRONG DRAMA AND LATE HEARST-PATHE NEWS
FOR PROGRAM TONIGHT.
Late Pathe News - - Pictorial
Showing the Late War New* and Current Event* of the World
Showing: “Nurse* Don Gas Masks,” **U. S. Fleet in Britain,
“U-Boat Sinks Boats Here,” Exclusive Pictures of Barges and
Tugs Off Coast Destroyed by Submarine Shellfire, and Other
Scenes of Interest.
Lubin Presents
THE CHARMING SCREEN STARS,
FRANCIS JOYNER and HELEN GREENE
BEYOND ALL IS LOVE
AN UNUSUALLY STRONG DRAMA OF HEART INTEREST,
CHARM AND ROMANCE,
IN THREE ABSORBING ACTS.
MUSIC-VIOLIN, PIANO AND DRUMS
THE SHOW STARTS AT EIGHT O’CLOCK
ADMISSION 25c RESERVED SEATS 50c