. SCIENTISTS OF
AMERICA WILL
LEAD WORLD
SAN FRANCISCO, Nov. 6 (by Asso
ciated Press).—Although it has been
believed for more than two centuries
that ether is of uniform density
throughout space, its density, as a
matter of fact, increases outwardly
from all the heavenly bodies directly
as the radius, Professor T. J. ,T. See,
the government astronomer at Mare
i Island, near here, asserted in an ad
dress to the California Academy of
- Sciences here last night.
In announcing the discovery of “a
fundamental law of the density of
ether in the celestial spaces and the
cause of molecular forces,” Professor
See said the homogeneity of ether
had been taught by such eminent phi
losophers as Lord Kelvin, Maxwell,
Poincare, Lodge and Larmor, while
on Isaac iNewiou m ini iiau re
lieved it to be heterogeneous, with
density increasing outwardly from
all bodies.
Newton, however, wras unable to
discover the law of the density, or to
adduce proof of his opinion, whereas
Professor See said last night that
proof of his discovery had been ex
amined by leading American mathe
maticians and “pronounced incontro
vertible.”
Professor See presented his findings
that “the ether about the sun and
stars is filled with electromagnetic
waves with amplitudes varying in
versely as the distance, which leads
to forces carying inversely as the
square of the distance.” This, he said,
“explains universal gravitation in the
simplest and most conclusive man
ner."
The concrete result of his discov
ery. Professor See said, is to show
that ether is 210 times denser at the
earth than at the sun’s surface, w'here
it is only two-millionths of a mil
lionth of a millionth of the density of
water.
“Although ether has such exces
sively smalldensity," said the govern
ment scientist, “it is able to transmit
the stupendous forces required to
keep the planets circulating in their
elliptical orbits. In the case of the
earth this force is the breaking
' strength of a steel cable eleven inches
in diameter on each square foot of a
cross section of the globe, as if the
earth's surface were almost covered
by such cables."
,, Ether is in reality a gas made up
of particles, Professor See said, two
billion times smaller than an elec
tron, which Professor Sir J. .1. Thom
son of Cambridge, England, president
of the Royal Society, after thirty yeais
of labor, showed to be 1,760 times
smaller than an atom of hydrogen.
Professor See submitted tables of
the properties of hydrogen, helium,
oxygen and other gases to show their
“mean free path.” that is the length
of trajectory between successive col
HoJatio rtf thpir mnlpp.illPS. to 1)0 about
one-half millionth of an inch.
As compared with this, Professor
See calculated the free path of ether
particles at nearly two thousand
miles, about the distance from San
Francisco to St. Louis. “But in addi
tion to this extreme length of free
path,” said the professor, “ether par
ticles have the enormous velocity of
250,000 miles per second, one-third
faster than light.”
-it is by virtue of its highly elastic
properties,” said the professor, 1,148,
770,000,000 times greater than that of
our air, in proportion to its density,
that ether can swing the planets about
the sun without disrupting itself.’
In the latter part of his address
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Professor See dealt with the molecu- <
lar forces as due to short waves in
the ether. In this way he explained
the figures of raindrops, drops of dew,
globules of mercury and the round
figure taken by shot and other molten
metals. The waves, he said, always
act to make ti. ■ rurface of a liquid
drop a minimal surface, which is
shown by mathematicians to be that
of a sphere.
“Capillarity, chemical affinity, sur
face tension, adhesion and cohesion’’
were attributed by Professor See to
wave action. Heretofore, he said, the
mystery of molecular forces has chal
lenged the ingenuity of philosophers
Professor See, who attracted the at
tention of the scientific world in 1917
by a treatise on the cause of gravita
tion, published in Boston, London and
Paris, said the old world was so much
injured by the war that scientific
progress for a long time to come
would depend mainly upon America
“We can not expect any real light
from Europe,” he said, “and the pub
lic should therefore accustom itself
to supporting American leadership in
science.”
Congoleum Rugs, suitable for every
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