THAWING OUT GRAVELS
BY USE OF COLD WATER
(Continued from Page Two)
*
of the water before it is lowered to an
inefficient temperature. What is the
relation of rate of thawing to charac
ter of ground and depth of gravel?
From the tests made with cold water
near Nome, as described above, clay
would seem to require special consid
eration. Will increase in pressure or
increase in time be more efficient in
thawing such impervious strata? What
is the most efficient spacing for vari
' ous depths of gravel? In deep gravels
the dead work necessary in handling
and connecting pipe will probably jus
tify fewer holes and longer operating
time to each thaw than will be found
efficient in shallow gravels. Will a
staggered arrangement of holes give
more satisfactory results than uniform
spacing?
Tt is possible that the method may
not be applicable under all conditions.
Depth of ground, character of ground,
availability of water and slQwness of
thaw may be factors that will limit
its use. It has been suggested that
in the Nome region the depth of the
gravel will so retard the thawing that
this method will be impracticable for
dredging operations. Also that where
water must be pumped the cost will
prohibit the use of the method. No
quantitative data are available that
will prove or disprove these asser
tions, and opposite views are held by
equally competent men. Even though
there are limitations to its application,
the method will undoubtedly be use
ful in thawing shallow ground where
water is easily available, and that is
putting the maximum restriction upon
its use. Should it prove applicable
to the deep gravels of the Nome
coastal plain, it will be the means of
opening a large area of dredgeable
ground, much of which would not af
ford the expense of thawing by other
methods. Concerning this point, the
season of 1919 should furnish addi
tional data, as preparations are now
under way to use the process on Dry
creek In conjunction with dredging i
operations.
Time Required
Sufficient data is not available to
make any general prediction concern
ing the time required'in thawing un
der various conditions, but the infor
mation at hand is summarized below.
In the experimental work on the
deep Nome gravels the volume actu
ally thawed amounted to about fifty
cubic yards a day for one point using
a pressure of about thirty pounds and
water at 52 deg. Fah.« The test on
muck in the Candle district shows a
volume of about six cubic yards
thawed per point per day where the
water pressure was about six pounds,
the water temperature 42 deg. Fah.,
and the depth of ground 24 -feet. The
creek gravels thawed at the same lo
cality were 13 feet deep. Water at
a pressure of about ten pounds and
a temperature of 442 deg. Fah. was
used, and the rate of thaw is calcu
lated at six cubic yards per point per
day. ;
From these figures the rate of thaw
in deep gravel would seem to be fa
vorable rather than unfavorable, 20
points being required to supply 1,000
cubic yards of thawed ground a day,
as compared with 160 points required
to supply a like amount of shallow
creek gravel or muck.
Cost of Steam Thawing j
The cost of thawing gravels by
steam is as follows: The Northern
Light Dredge Coijipany in 1911 thawed
nine-foot gravels at a cost of 35 cents
a cubic yard, using ten 10-foot points
spaced seven feet apart for six to
seven hours. The Esquimo Dredge
Company thawed 12-foot gravels, us
ing 90 points four feet apart for 24
hours, at a cost of 7% cents a cubic
yard. If much sand was present in
the gravel the cost was 9 cents a cubic
yard. Scott & Newburg thawed in the
spring of 1918 for eight days at a cost
of 12 cents a cubic yard.
__
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You Must Have
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WHEN you journey far over
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Boots of proved dependability—
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THE B. F.GOODRICH RUBBER GO.
The City of Goodrich —Akron, Ohio
“Send it
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A Tvef
for washing your filmy things
The cleansing of the filmy, cob
webby things that come to our
laundry in your family bundle—
the silken underwear, dainty
| shirtwaists and gossamer Geor
gettes and laces—has become a
fine art with us.
These articles of apparel, to
which a scrubboard would be
ruination, are never touched by
awkward hands when we wash
them.
In lieu of the none-too-gentle
practices of the. laundress, we
employ a much safer method.
We place these finer articles in
special nets—each according to
I • its kind—for washing by gentle
sousing and rinsing.
These nets are purse-like in
shape — in fact they closely re
| semble the common mesh purse.
They are somewhat larger, how
ever, and made of cloth instead
of metal.
Secure in these nets, the sheerest
articles are cleansed without
coming into contact with wash
boards or the hands of workers.
Pure soft water and SUds of a
mild white soap, weaving in and
out through the meshes, give
your things a freshness and
beauty that make them as new.
The care we use. on garments
and apparel of this kind is typi
cal of that which we exercise in
the washing of everything. No
where- is there any friction and
rubbing, to wear out fabrics.
Your clothes and the clothes of
your family, will last longer if
you will send them to us to be
washed.
If Monday is an ordeal, we have
a simple relief. Just let us know
and we will have our driver call
for your family bundle.
Modern L AUNDRY
(Jones’ Laundry)
PHONE PHONE
FIRST AVENUE, CORDOVA
JUST RECEIVED, A LINE OF
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