(UKRAINIANS A D POLES I
( FIGHTING FOR LEMBURG i
=3 :•
Note:-—The attitude of the 35,000,
000 to 40,000,000 people of the
Ukraine, a new state which came into
being with the breaking up of Russia,
hM been one of the puzzles from the
world war. On the east they have
been fighting the Bolsh,eviki of Old
Russia and on the west battling with
the Poles for the possession of Lem
burg. An inter-allied commission,
sent to Lemberg to negotiate an arm
istice between the Ukrainians and the
PolM In the latter part of February,
failed and the fighting for Lemberg
continued. These caused confusion in
the minds of the people of the west
ern world.
To obtain the facts from the Uk
rainians themselves. The Associated
Press aont a correspondent to Stan
islav, the capital of the West Ukraine
republic, and he has cabled illuminat
ing Information Including an inter
view with General Simon Petlura, the
Ukrainian military leaders, and also
has forwarded an Interview with Pre
mier Holubowitz explaining why the
Ukranians refused to conclude an
armistice with the Poles.
In the subjoined article The Asso
ciated Press correspondent has given
some informative details of the situa
tion now existing in the Ukraine.
STAN1SLAU, West Ukraine, April
18 (Correspondence of the Associated
Press).—Much anxiety is felt in this
capital of the West Ukrainian re
public over the future attitude of the
entente allies following the ultimatum
delivered by the inter-allied mission
at Lemberg that if the Ukraines re
sumed military operations against the
Poles they would have to answer for
the consequences. While their pres
ent temporary successes in the opera
tions about Lemiberg have had a
heartening effect upon the ^Ukranian
troops, this has not been much re
flected here.
The situation in this capital if
much the same as that which pre
vailed in Poland jn the early part 01
December. There is considerable feai
of further gains by the Bolshevik! ir
Russian Ukraine where they still art
holding Kiev, although the Ukraine
military authorities declare they are
able, to drive back the Bolshevil
forces within a month, particularly i:
they are not harassed by the Polisl
or Rumanian armies. However, therf
is more order in the West Ukraim
now than there was in Poland up tf
within a month ago.
Food conditions are better witl
meat selling at 30 cents a pound
though bread and sugar are high
Medicines, soap and clothes art
scarce and high. It is pointed out thai
the whole country of East Galicia hai
been the field of the operations of thf
Austrian and Russian armies for foul
years with now and then an incursior
of the Turks and Germans, all o
whom made requisitions upon the peo
pie. This was especially true of th(
Germans and, the peasants say
"proved worse thieves than the Rus
sians.”
The whole flat country from Lem
berg to Stanislau has a barren de
vastated appearance. House are ran
except at railway stations and most o
these stations have been destroyed bj
shellfire. A cow, sheep or horse ii
rarely to be seen. For dozens upoi
dozens of miles the fields which ar<
turning green with the coming sprint
reveal long stretches of trenches an<
barbed wire hanging awry with hen
and there bases for cannon, and oftei
crosses marking the burial places lef
in the trail Of the armies.
Railway trains which are drawn b;
wood-burning iocniotives drag acros
the rivers where wooden militar;
bridges have replaced the steel one
destroyed by shell-fire or mine.
The city of Stanislaw was far more
seriously damaged by the Russian and
Austro-Bulgarian armies than was
either Przemsyl or Lemberg. Neither
of the two latter cities have serious
scars of the world war but Lemberg
shows marks of the recent conflict be
tween the Poles and the Ukralnes.
The center of Stanislau was destroyed
by fire. Many of its fine business
blocks now are mere heaps of brick
ruins. This was especially true along
the fine Sapheiha street where the
. Austrian and Russian shells both
' wrought disaster. The Ukraine cathe
■ dral which was one of the oldest and
handsomest of its kind was partly
; wrecked and its shattered windows
now have been covered with boards.
However, the business of the new
; Ukraine government 'is going on and
the leaders hope that the arrival of
1 another allied mission will give it
strength and moral support until it is
able to save Poland; the same may be
possible here where the political
alignment is the same.
•
The National Democrats are really
tho stranger party but the Socialists
make a great parade of their strength
which they are able to do as thus far
there has been no election. The So
, cialists have less strength here partly
. because of the fact that there is no
aristocracy, as in Poland, and also be
• cause the Bolshevik propaganda takes
. less hold on the people.
’ The close union recently formed be
’ tween the Eastern and Western Uk
raine and the situation at Kiev is
making this city take on the appear
■ ance of Old Russia with the costumes
• of local peasants mixing with those
1 of the Ukraine Cossacks who wear
shakas, long blue or gray-brown over
coats of fur or gray wool, and red
1 trousers with high boots and who
carry, short sabres curiously decor*
! ated with carved silver.
' The National Ukraine plays are
1 being presented in the theatres where
' singers chant songs dear to the hearts
1 of the people such as the ' plaintive
1 "Tears of Ukraine” and the Ukraine
Marseillaise callled “Mihaidamaki,”
’ in which the Cossacks are called to
• arms to fight the enemy on their
f frontier. These songs evoke much
5 applause indicating how deeply they
stir the national spirit.
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