mm
U.S.T
NOW ADMIT THAT THEY HAVE
TO CONTEND AGAINST FOR
CES OF “ENTRAINED LEVIES”
PICTURE DILEMMA HERE.
Newspapers in Germany Assert 'l hat
War Preparations in the l nited
States Have Fallen Flat and That
People and Soldiers Are Longing
for Peace.
NEW YORK, July 2.—How the
German public is being prepared for
the inevitable news of the presence oi
large bodies of American troops on
the western front is shown by items
found in copies of German newspapers
just received here which amplify and
corroborate the occasional cabled re
ports to the same effect. \\ ithin the
last two months there has been a
marked change in the position of the
German press regarding the number
of Germans likely to be landed in
France before the end of the war.
Instead of assuring their readers
that Hindenburg and Ludendorff will
settle the world conflict in favor of
Germany long before the Americans
can play an effective part, the German
writers are now admitting the possi
bility of having to contend with large
forces of the "untrained levies of the
United States.” On May 3, for in
stance, the semi-official Wolff Tele
graph bureau sent the following re
port from The Hague to the German
press:
"The Nieuwe Courant learns from a
not pro-German Hollander who was
in America before the declaration of
war by the United .States that he
knew from good sources that at pres
ent there were perhaps from 250,000
to 300,000 Americans in France, most
of whom had been brought over in the
summer and fall of 1017.”
The Wolff bureau affected to cast
doubt upon the "not pro-German”
Hollander’s statement about the num
Her rtf -Xtviericnns in France hv tint
ting it in the subjunctive mood and
then went on to console the German
public by thus summarizing his fur
ther remarks:
“During the winter, declared the
Hollander, the movement of troops
was practically at a standstill because
of the lack of tonnage. There will
hardly be a good-sized American ar
my in Europe before TJlth The pro
duction of uniforms, munitions, and
arms is proceeding so slowly that the
American soldiers in France are short
of everything, and they are increasing
the allies’ food difficulties, something
which annoys the English in particu
lar. The American railroads appear
to be unable to move material enough,
so that every section or the United
States is suffering a scarcity of the
articles which they have to procure
from other places. The supply of
bunker coal is at least three months
behind. Along the line between Wash
ington and New York there stood
thousands of cars loaded with coal
which could not be moved any fur
ther.”
See Us in Dire Straits.
The Kolnische Zeitung, which some
times functions as the mouthpiece of
the German admiralty, was not satis-;
tied with the brief Wolff bureau re
port, so it printed nearly a column
story from Amsterdam telling how
the Hollander had described the fear
ful effects of last winter’s coal short-1
age upon American industry and had
said that the Garfield Monday shut
down order had aroused such indigna
tion that the government had been ■
obliged to cancel it after three weeks, j
It quoted the Hollander as saying that j
there had been such a shortage of j
shoes in some of the training camps
that only half of the recruits could
drill at once, as the others had to wait
for the shoes worn by the first group.
After quoting the Hollander literal
ly at considerable length, the Amster
dam German correspondent went on to
summarize the dire straits into which
entrance into the world war had
brought the United States, laying
great emphasis upon the alleged in
competence in war matters of the
“successful men” of America, whose
? !e talent consisted in knowing how
to make money fast. He explained
the draft law by asserting that “the
calls for volunteers had yielded only
the slim result of 30,000 men from
April to August in the preceding year.
He also attached great importance to
the strikes called in some American
shipyards last winter.
On the same day that it sent out
the report from The Hague, the WoltT
bureau disseminated the following
piece of “information” under a Berlin
date line:
“American prisoners admit without
hesitation their own small value in
battle. An officer captured at Scieh
eprey said: “That we lack training
and military experience has been well
shown today. We do not lack cour
age.’ Another referred as follows to
the German attack: ‘Who can resist
your attacks?’ All the prisoners
again testify as to the absence of any
sort of enthusiasm for the war in the
American army. With the constantly
growing recognition of the superiori
ty of the German troops and leader
ship, the confidence in their own suc
cess in battle is fading more and
more. As to the political side, all
the prisoners agree that in the United
States the war against Germany is
absolutely unpopular and that the ar
my and folks at home all long for a
speedy peace.” ‘
The Wolff bureau copy editor evi
dently had some doubts regarding the
truth of the alleged statement by the
American prisoners about the war be
ing “absolutely unpopular,” as he
qualified it by putting it in the sub
junctive.
A feature of the German reports
about American prisoners is their rep
etition of the charge that the Ameri
can government is compelling neutral
foreigners and even enemy aliens to
enter the army and fight against the
Germans. In asserting on April
that General Pershing might he tech
nically correct if he were to deny that
the Germans had made 184 Americans
prisoner in the fight at Seichprey, the
Wolff hlirPHll s;tafpil flint onlv "8 of
these were native-born Americans,
the rest belonging' to eleven other na
tionalities, including the German.
The arrival in Germany of copies of
the New York Times containing the
report of the session of the senate in
which Senator Lodge caustically crit
icised the alleged failure of the Amer
ican government to make its deeds
square with its words in the matter of
aircraft production, shipbuilding and
other war measures, afforded the Ger
man press a welcome opportunity to
dilate upon American unpreparedness
and to assure its readers that a nation
made up of such boasters and incom
petents was not greatly to be feared.
Incidentally, on May 1, the Kreuz
/eitung, the organ of the ultra-mili
taristic junkers, devoted two columns
to an article designed to show that
the United States was only a nation of
plebians anyway, composed of the off
spring o!" “lower class” immigrants.
i he German shipping papers pay
particular attention to the American
problem of building and manning
enough ships to overcome the subma
rine warfare, and eagerly exploit ev
ery report calculated to make the Ger
man public believe that the American
plans cannot be carried out. Under
the heading, “American Men, Too
Sailors,” the Bremer Nachrichten of
April dO said: . .
“How great is the shortage of sea
men in America at present, although
money-loving Scandinavians, especial
ly Norwegians, came in great numbers
to the aid of the American ‘Comrades
in freedom,’ is shown by the reports
of the returning Dutch sailors, whose
ships were seized in the North Amer
ican ports by the authorities there.
According to their stories, the new
captains’ conducted themselves with a
self-conceit in inverse ratio to their
knowledge. Most of them were young
fellows who had been helmsmen, third
and fourth officers, and even ordinary
seamen, and who had been taken from
coasting vessels and lake and river
steamers. How little qualified were
these persons for their tasks is shown
by the Hollanders’ reports.
“In the steamship Zeelandia the
American engineers could not start
the ship’s engines, so they appealed
to the dismissed Dutch engineer. The
latter, however, refused the request of
his successor, ‘a former official of the
wireless telegraphy.’ In the steam
ships Westerwijk and Winterwijk the
boilers were burned out the very first
night because the engineers had for
gotten to refill them with water. The
steamship Gorredijk sank slowly in
the harbor because the Americans had
inadvertently let her after tanks fill
with water.”
Picture Americans in Panic.
The Berliner Ahendpost of April o,
printed a special report from Berne,
reading in part as follows:
“American correspondents tell ol
the fearful impression made by the
German offensive upon the population
| of the United States in the first days.
I The partisan political debates in the
i senate and the house ceased, as did
;the strike debates in the shipyards
; and the war industries. A panic
broke out on the stock exchanges that
was only suppressed by force. Open
threats were made that every bear
1 speculator would be hanged, and there
was such a likelihood of lynch law be
ing introduced in the money market
| that selling on a large scale actually
I was prevented. The American press
tried to calm public opinion through
manifestations of confidence in Sir
| Douglas Haig, but it could not refrain
from passing some melancholy re
| marks about the comparative help
lessness of America.”
On April 26 the Kolnische Zeitung
devoted half a column to bewailing
the sad fate of the German language
newspapers in the United States un
der war conditions. After describing
the alleged persecution of the German
language press by the American au
thorities, the article concluded:
“The result of this almost unbeliev
able chicanery was that many a Ger
man newspaper fell into line with the
government’s policy and went over
: with flying colors so as to obtain gen
eral absolution and to escape oppres
sion. Recently, however, it seems that
even the ‘well-intentioned’ German
press is no longer trusted. At least
the London Daily Mail reports that of
late many German papers suspended !
publication after, in some cases, the
local authorities had refused to allow
the sale of German newspapei'S.
“The latest victim to fall was the
German Journal printed by the Hearst
newspaper publishing concern in New.
York. Even the New-Yorker Staats
Zeitung is designated as doomed to j
death, despite the fact that since the
outbieak of the war it has had to be
counted as one of the most docile
newspapers. Wilson and London can
not even tolei’ate anything that re-1
minds them of Germany and German
culture. . . . But Mi-. Wilson will
have to understand German neverthe
less, for we hope to talk German to
him soon, And l'eal German, too!”
Under the heading “Superman Wil- |
son,” Dr. Walthcr Dreehsler, head of j
the German-A nerican Institute, ani
organization iounded some years ago!
in the Gennan capital for promoting
friendly l-elations between German
and American xnen of letters, used a
column in the semi-official Norddeuts
che Allgemeine Zeitung of April 23 j
to explain how the passage of the I
Overman bill would make the presi-!
dent an uncrowned king, and ended!
his aiticle by saying:
“Wilson Desires Dictatorship.”
“What is both instructive and pleas
ing to us in these events is the fact
that after all it said and done these
desires for dictatorship by the presi
dent of the patented and guaranteed
fx’eest of all democracies l'eveal the
secret longing for the Gennan unity
and efficiency in carrying on the war
and show how envy of the powerful
solidarity of the Gennan methods
and their successes makes even the
Washington arch apostle of the gospel
of the entente democracy wander away
from his own teachings.”
The relations, supposed or real, of
the United States with other nations
furnish the Gennan press with mate
rial for considerable comment calcu
lated to make the public think that
America will probably soon have other
matters to attend to, and thus bb em
barrassed in her efforts against Ger
many7.
For instance, under the heading,
“Japan and America,” the Bremer
Tageblatt, of May 3, tells of the po
litical “struggle for Sakhalin” that
has broken out between Japan and
America,” and asserts that a glance
in the American press shows that the
real reasons for the American govern
ment’s opposition to Japanese inter
vention in Siberia lie in the United
States’ desire to possess that big isl
and so rich in iron ores and its fear
that the Japanese will get control of
the island first. In th elatter case, the
Bremer Tageblatt believes, Japan will
become fully independent of Ameri
ca’s steel for shipbuilding and armor
plate and be a still stronger competi
tor for the control of the Pacific.
The Frankfurter Zeitung of April |
HO quoted New York newspapers as j
reporting that Colonel William Boyce;
Thompson had given the Bolshevikij
$1,000,000 to promote their propagan-j
da among the troops of the central |
powers, said that Colonel Thompson, j
after his return from his Red Cross ■
mission in Russia, had helped influ- j
ence President Wilson in favor of the;
Bolshevist government, and expressed |
the hope that this success at home ;
would afford some consolation to “the I
splendid American” for his completely'
wasted expenditure in Russia.
After-War Reprisals.
A pamphlet entitled “Monroeism-;
Pan Americanism,” in which Dr. Edu-;
ardo L. Llorens, a professor of law at;
the University of Madrid, “unsparing-1
ly bares North American imperial-!
ism,” in the words of the Hamburger ;
Fremdenblatt, has been translated in-;
to German and published in Hamburg;
for the “enlightenment” of all German j
business men and politicians who wish ‘
to “learn the aims of the American;
policy in a short time.” Judging from
the reviews of his pamphlet found in;
the German press, Professor Llorens
is anti-American enough to suit his
prospective Teuton readers.
As a possible after-the-war reprisal
upon the United States, the Leipziger;
Abendzeitung, in an article upon the
lace-making industry of- Plauen, sag-1
gests that as soon as peace is conclud
ed American lace manufacturers will
try to buy new machinery in Ger
many ami that this should be prevent-'
A different note was struck ’at a
meeting for school chddron arranged'
by the Hamburg branch of the Asso
ciation for Germanism Abroad, ad- j
dressed by Miss von Scbmidt-Pauli. j
The speaker told of her propaganda!
trips through the United States, la
mented the fate of the some 10 000,-1
000 German-Americans who had stood
faithfully by the fatherland until
President Wilson one day gave them
the choice of being American citizens
or traitors to the country, and voiced
the hope that after the war the Ger
mans at home would do everything m
their power to save their distant
brethren from being forced out of j
the sphere of German culture into
that of English culture. As one means
to this end, Miss von Schmidt-Pauli
advised the German girls to corre
spond after the war with Germans of
their own age in all parts of the world.
PACIFIC COAST
LEAGUE TO QUIT
SEATTLE, July 6.—The Pacific
Coast International Baseball league
will close Sunday on account
of lack of financial support. Vancou
ver, B. C., Seattle, Aberdeen and
Portland clubs compose the league.
THREE NEGROES
HANGED BY MOB
CAMP DODGE, Iowa, July 6.—
Three colored men were hanged here
yesterday for outraging a seventeen- i
year-old girl in the cantonment'
grounds. Virtually the entire division j
of troops in the cantonment witnessed;
the executions.
“MOVIE” ACTORS I
ARE LEGITIMATE
WASHINGTON, July 6.—General
Crowder, provost Marshal, has classed
“movie” players as legitimate theat
rical performers and instructs draft
boards to consider them in productive
employments, in making his “work or
fight” ruling.
SAYS ITU
COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF ASSERTS
RESULTS ONLY OBTAINED
BY OFFENSIVE.
WHY HE SAVES HIS RESERVE.
Generalissimo Says Must Be Strong
Enough to Deliver Crushing Blow
Against the Enemy When the Pro
per Moment Arrives — Reserves
Must Be Husbanded.
LONDON, July 3.—That battles
can be won in the end only by the
army which takes the offensive is the
significant declaration made by Gen
eral Foch, commander-in-chief of the
allies, in an article contributed by him
to the weekly journal, The Field, in
which he discusses the problem of
the soldier and the way to victory.
“Modern warfare, to arrive at its
end and to impose its will on the ene
my,” says General Foch, “recognizes*
only one means—destruction of the
enemy’s organized forces. War under
takes and prepares this destruction by
battle which brings about the over
throw of the adversary, disorganizes
his command, destroys his discipline,
and nullifies his units as far as their
fighting power is concerned.
“Our first axiom must be that, com
pletely to achieve its object, a battle
must not be purely defensive. A pure
ly defensive battle, even well con
ducted, does not result in a victor and
a vanquished. It is simply a game
that must be begun over again.
“From this it is an obvious corollary
that an offensive, whether started at
the beginning of an action or whether
it follows the defensive, can only give
results and in consequence must al
ways be adopted at the finish. To
maintain our position is not synony
mous with hoinw victorious aru) ovon
prepares for a defeat. If we remain
where we are and do not pass to the
offensive to fix the direction of attack,
to guard against the plans of the en
emy and prevent him from carrying
out the same manoeuvre, we must
undertake to carry on and sustain
numerous combats, each with determ
ined aim.
“But since their remains no doubt
that decisive attack is the very key
stone of a battle, all other actions
which make up a battle must be en
visaged, considered, organized, pro
vided with forces in the measure in
which they will prepare, facilitate, and
guarantee development of a decisive
attack characterized by its mass, its
surprise, its speed, and for which, in
consequence, it is essential that there
shall be the maximum reserve force
possible of troops of manoeuvre. The
reserve—that is to say, the prepared
bludgeon—is organized, and kept
carefully instructed to execute the
single act of battle from which re
sults are expected; namely, the de
cisive attack.
“Reserves must be husbanded with
the most extreme parsimony so that
the bludgeon may be strong enough to
make the blow as violent as possible.
Let loose at the finish, without any
lurking idea of saving them, with a
well-thought-out plan for winning
the battle at a point chosen and de
termined, reserves are thrown in all
together in an action surpassing in
violence and energy all other phases
of battle, an action with proper char
acteristics—surprise, mass, and speed.
All our forces really participate, eith
er by preparing it or by carrying it
out.
“In this, our supreme aim, we must
not be deceived by appearances. Al
though theory fails when applied by
feeble hands and when accessories ob
scure the main principle, history and
reason show us that in battle there is
a single argument which is worth
while, namely, decisive attack, which
is alone capable of assuring the de
sired result—the overthrow of the ad
versary.”
Subscribe for the Anchorage Daily
and Sunday Times.
Bremerton.—I think not.
WILSON IKES
GREAT SPEECH <,
HI MT. VERNON
l
CONSECRATES AMERICA TO
STRUGGLE FOR ABOLISHING
MILITARY AUTOCRACY.
MUST BE NO COMPROMISE.
President Declares That Humanity Is
Fighting for Reign of Law Based
on Consent of Governed and Sus
tained by Organized Opinion of
Mankind.
WASHINGTON, July 5.—Speaking
at the Fourth of July celebration on
the slopes of Mount Vernon, Virginia,
the former home and the final resting
! place of George Washington, “the
| father of his country,” President Wil
j son yesterday answered all feelers for
! a compromise peace with the Teuton
■ ic allies with a new, unqualified conse
' cration of America to struggle for the
cleaning of military autocracies from
j the earth.
The president declared, unreserved
| ly, that there could be no thought of ^
] peace which did not mean the destruc
! tion of military autocracies, or their
| reduction to virtual non-importance,
i He declared that humanity is fighting
for a reign of law based on the con
sent of the governer and sustained by
the organized opinion of mankind.
Thus, in one sentence, he summarized
the objects of the world war.
TROTSKY FAVORS IMPOSITION
OF COMPULSORY MILITARY
SERVICE THERE.
. SEES DANGER TO GOVERNMENT.
Commissioner of War and Marine in
Bolsheviki Government Submits Re
port in Which He Advises the Rais
ing of a Powerful Army, Due to
Conditions Prevalent.
MOSCOW, July 6.—Trotsky, com
missioner of war and marine in the
Bolsheviki government, has submitted
a repoi't stating that the international
condition of the Russian soviet re
public is such that only a powerful
army, based on obligatory service, can
protect it.
j In harmony with this policy, the
Bolsheviki government is planning for
universal military service. Trotzky
has ordered the registration of all
men between the ages of 19 and 40
years.
LIEUULEMNTS
MEETS HIS DEATH
DALLAS, Tex., July 6.—Three
Lieutenant Frederick R. Clements of
Readville, Mass., was killed yesterday,
when the aerial machine which he was
piloting collapsed and fell a distance
of five hundred feet.
FIRE DESTROYS
PART OF KIEV
_
MOSCOW, July 6.—A second big
| fire in Kiev yesterday destroyed build
! ings in an area of five miles square.
i
! Factories, docks, mills, barracks,
barges and bridges were destroyed.
The fire was of incendiary origin.
EIGHT ARMY MEN
GAIN PROMOTIONS
WASHINGTON, July 6. — The
senate today confirmed the nomina
tions of eight brigadier-genei'als who
are promoted to major-generals in the
national army and three colonels who
are promoted to brigadier-generals.