section_path: Abstract
section_name: Abstract
paragraph_text: Intelligence has been defined in many ways: the capacity for abstraction, logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving. It can be described as the ability to perceive or infer information; and to retain it as knowledge to be applied to adaptive behaviors within an environment or context.
  
  The term rose to prominence during the early 1900s. Most psychologists believe that intelligence can be divided into various domains or competencies.
  
  Intelligence has been long-studied in humans, and across numerous disciplines. It has also been observed in both non-human animals and plants despite controversy as to whether some of these forms of life exhibit intelligence. Intelligence in computers or other machines is called artificial intelligence.