section_path: Informal use/Informally shared power
section_name: Informally shared power
paragraph_text: Informally shared power
  
  Owing to Confucian notions of filial piety, Chinese and Japanese emperors were sometimes able to 'retire' but continue to exert great influence over state policy. In Indonesia, Sukarno and his vice president Mohammad Hatta were nicknamed the Duumvirate (Dwitunggal), with Sukarno setting government policy and rallying support and Hatta managing day-to-day administration. More recently, the great influence of Vladimir Putin over his successor Dmitry Medvedev was considered a duumvirate, or tandemocracy (see also Medvedev–Putin tandemocracy), until Putin's resumption of the office of president established him as the greater figure.
  
  Within electoral politics, governments, coalitions and parties may sometimes have two fairly equal leaders, as with: