section_path: Geography/Climate/Climate change
section_name: Climate change
paragraph_text: Climate change
  
  Southeast Asia lags behind on mitigation measures, even though it is one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change in the world. Climate change has already caused an increase in heavy precipitation events (defined as 400 mm or more in a day): 1464 and greater increases are expected in this region. Changes in rainfall and runoff will also affect the quality of water supply used by the irrigation systems. Under a high-warming scenario, heat-related deaths in the region could increase by 12.7% by 2100.: 1508 Among the elderly in Malaysia, annual heat-related deaths may go from less than 1 per 100,000 to 45 per 100,000.: 1 : 23
  
  Sea level rise is a serious threat. Along Philippine coasts, it occurs three times faster than the global average, while 199 out of 514 cities and districts in Indonesia could be affected by tidal flooding by 2050. Bangkok, Ho Chi Minh City and Jakarta are amongst the 20 coastal cities which would have the world's highest annual flood losses in the year 2050. Due to land subsidence, Jakarta is sinking so much (up to 28 cm (11 in) per year between 1982 and 2010 in some areas) that by 2019, the government had committed to relocate the capital of Indonesia to another city.
  
  Climate change is also likely to pose a serious threat to the region's fisheries: 3.35 million fishers in the Southeast Asia are reliant on coral reefs,: 1479 and yet those reefs are highly vulnerable to even low-emission climate change and will likely be lost if global warming exceeds 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) By 2050–2070, around 30% of the region's aquaculture area and 10–20% of aquaculture production may be lost.: 1491