section_path: Relationship with astrology and esotericism
section_name: Relationship with astrology and esotericism
paragraph_text: Relationship with astrology and esotericism
  
  Some renowned mathematicians have also been considered to be renowned astrologists; for example, Ptolemy, Arab astronomers, Regiomantus, Cardano, Kepler, or John Dee. In the Middle Ages, astrology was considered a science that included mathematics. In his encyclopedia, Theodor Zwinger wrote that astrology was a mathematical science that studied the "active movement of bodies as they act on other bodies". He reserved to mathematics the need to "calculate with probability the influences " to foresee their "conjunctions and oppositions". As of 2023, astrology is no longer considered a science, but pseudoscience.