section_path: Industrial age/First Vatican Council
section_name: First Vatican Council
paragraph_text: First Vatican Council
  
  Before the council, in 1854 Pope Pius IX with the support of the overwhelming majority of Catholic Bishops, whom he had consulted between 1851 and 1853, proclaimed the dogma of the Immaculate Conception. In 1846, the Pope had granted the unanimous wish of the bishops from the United States, and declared the Immaculata the patron of the US.
  
  The First Vatican Council (1869–1870) is now also called "Vatican One." Some 108 council delegates requested to add the words "Immaculate Virgin" to the Hail Mary. Some also requested the dogma of the Immaculate Conception be included in the Creed of the Church, which was opposed by Pius IX Many French Catholics wished the dogmatization of Papal infallibility and the assumption of Mary by the ecumenical council. During Vatican One, nine mariological petitions favoured a possible assumption dogma, which however was strongly opposed by some council fathers, especially from Germany. In 1870, the First Vatican Council affirmed the doctrine of papal infallibility when exercised in specifically defined pronouncements. Controversy over this and other issues resulted in a very small breakaway movement called the Old Catholic Church.