section_path: 19th century
section_name: 19th century
paragraph_text: 19th century
  
  Historians sometimes define a nineteenth century historical era stretching from 1815 (the Congress of Vienna) to 1914 (the outbreak of the First World War); alternatively, Eric Hobsbawm defined the " long nineteenth century " as spanning the years 1789 to 1914.
  
  During this century, the Spanish, Portuguese, and Ottoman Empires began to crumble and the Holy Roman and Mughal Empires ceased.