section_path: Abstract
section_name: Abstract
paragraph_text: Ross William Ulbricht (/ ˈ ʊ l b r ɪ k t /; born March 27, 1984) is an American who created and operated the illegal darknet market Silk Road from 2011 until his arrest in 2013. Silk Road was an online marketplace that facilitated the trade in narcotics and other illegal products and services. Sales were anonymous, using bitcoin. It operated as a hidden service on the Tor network. Ulbricht ran the site under the pseudonym " Dread Pirate Roberts " after the fictional character from The Princess Bride.
  
  In October 2013, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) arrested Ulbricht and took Silk Road offline. In 2015, he was convicted of engaging in a continuing criminal enterprise, distributing narcotics by means of the internet, conspiracy to commit money laundering, conspiracy to traffic fraudulent identity documents, and conspiracy to commit computer hacking. He was sentenced to double life in prison plus 40 years without the possibility of parole. Many decried the sentence as excessive, most notably members of the Libertarian Party and the "Free Ross" movement. Ulbricht's appeals to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in 2017 and the U.S. Supreme Court in 2018 were unsuccessful. After serving 12 years, he was released from prison in January 2025, when he received a full and unconditional pardon from U.S. President Donald Trump.
  
  Ross William Ulbricht (/ ˈ ʊ l b r ɪ k t /; born March 27, 1984) is an American who created and operated the illegal darknet market Silk Road from 2011 until his arrest in 2013. Silk Road was an online marketplace that facilitated the trade in narcotics and other illegal products and services. Sales were anonymous, using bitcoin. It operated as a hidden service on the Tor network. Ulbricht ran the site under the pseudonym " Dread Pirate Roberts " after the fictional character from The Princess Bride.
  
  In October 2013, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) arrested Ulbricht and took Silk Road offline. In 2015, he was convicted of engaging in a continuing criminal enterprise, distributing narcotics by means of the internet, conspiracy to commit money laundering, conspiracy to traffic fraudulent identity documents, and conspiracy to commit computer hacking. He was sentenced to double life in prison plus 40 years without the possibility of parole. Many decried the sentence as excessive, most notably members of the Libertarian Party and the "Free Ross" movement. Ulbricht's appeals to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in 2017 and the U.S. Supreme Court in 2018 were unsuccessful. After serving 12 years, he was released from prison in January 2025, when he received a full and unconditional pardon from U.S. President Donald Trump.