section_path: De facto leader of Syria (2024–2025)/Post-Assad governance
section_name: Post-Assad governance
paragraph_text: Post-Assad governance
  
  On 12 December 2024, al-Sharaa met with Turkish officials, which marked the first diplomatic delegation since Assad's overthrow. On 14 December, al-Sharaa stressed in his statements after the fall of the Assad regime that the next phase will be an opportunity to serve the Syrians and build the future. He explained that there is no justification for any foreign intervention after the withdrawal of Iranian forces from Syria, considering that the "Iranian project" was harmful, and that the victory in Syria is a victory over this project. He also stressed that what happened in Syria was not a coincidence, but rather the result of long preparations. Regarding relations with Russia, he stated that the Russians began to feel frustrated with the Assad regime, and that the new leadership in Syria gave Russia an opportunity to build a new relationship. Regarding the Syrian leadership, he pointed out the need to move away from the mentality of revolution and move towards a state of law and institutions. Al-Sharaa stated to Al Jazeera Arabic that the choices of governance will be discussed among a group of experts; then, public elections would be held to make the final choice.
  
  Belarus, North Korea and the partially recognized state of Abkhazia evacuated their embassy personnel on 15 December. Ukraine plans to restore relations with Syria under the new administration, which were cut in 2022 after the Assad regime recognized the quasi-states of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic, which were annexed into Russia later that year.
  
  During this period United States rescinded a seven-year old $10 million reward offer for information leading to al-Sharaa's capture after he met with a U.S. delegation led by Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs Barbara A. Leaf. This was the first formal US diplomatic presence in Syria in over 10 years. Leaf stated that the meeting was "productive", and later said she "found him to be a very methodical thinker with a strong degree of pragmatism".
  
  On 24 December, al-Sharaa announced the dissolution and merger of multiple rebel factions, including the Turkish-backed Syrian National Army, into the interim government's Ministry of Defense. The Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces were excluded from this consolidation due to ongoing conflicts with Turkish-backed rebels in northeastern Syria. The reorganization coincided with al-Sharaa's efforts to establish new state institutions, including law enforcement and security forces, amid reports of revenge killings and highway banditry. The administration established processing centers for former regime soldiers and initiated police force recruitment. In an interview with al-Arabiya on 29 December, al-Sharaa said that he expected the process of writing a new constitution of Syria to take two or three years, with elections expected after four years. On the same day, al-Sharaa announced the promotion of 42 individuals to the rank of Colonel and five to the rank of Brigadier general in the Syrian Army. Additionally, Minister of Defence Murhaf Abu Qasra and Chief of the General Staff of the Syrian Armed Forces Ali Noureddine al-Naasan, were both promoted to the rank of Major general.
  
  On 3 January 2025, German Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock and French Foreign Minister Jean-Noël Barrot became the first top diplomats from European Union member states to travel to Damascus since the fall of Assad, meeting with al-Sharaa to discuss a new political beginning between Europe and Syria. On 29 January, a Russian delegation led by Deputy Foreign Minister Mikhail Bogdanov visited Damascus to meet al-Sharaa, reaffirming Moscow's support for Syria's sovereignty and territorial integrity following the fall of the Assad regime.