section_path: Background
section_name: Background
paragraph_text: Background
  
  At the 21st UN Climate Change Conference in 2015 (COP 21), almost all countries in the world signed a treaty in the Paris Agreement, according to which they intend to make efforts to achieve the 1.5-degree target. According to a special report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), meeting the 1.5-degree target would be significantly more favorable than if only the two-degree target could be achieved. However, according to the IPCC, the efforts made before 2023 to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are far from sufficient. Without an immediate increase in measures, the world could warm by around 3.2 °C over the next 70 years, with catastrophic consequences for people and the environment.
  
  The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) predicted that the 1.5-degree temperature threshold would have been probably be exceeded in at least one year between 2023 and 2027. Accordingly, 2024 was the first single calendar year above 1.5 °C relative to pre-industrial levels. A study published in 2025 shows that such a first year above 1.5 °C indicates that most probably Earth has already entered the 20-year period that will reach the Paris Agreement limit — that is, a 20-year period with average warming of 1.5 °C. According to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the international community is heading towards dangerous global warming of up to 2.9 °C if it fully implements its current climate protection commitments, which are not dependent on preconditions.