section_path: Evolutionary history/After the Mesozoic
section_name: After the Mesozoic
paragraph_text: After the Mesozoic
  
  The Cenozoic world saw great diversification of bony fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.
  
  Over half of all living vertebrate species (about 32,000 species) are fish (non-tetrapod craniates), a diverse set of lineages that inhabit all the world's aquatic ecosystems, from the Tibetan stone loach (Triplophysa stolickai) in western Tibetan hot springs near Longmu Lake at an elevation of 5,200 metres (17,100 feet) to an unknown species of snailfish (genus Pseudoliparis) in the Izu–Ogasawara Trench at a depth of 8,336 metres (27,349 feet). Many fish varieties are the main predators in most of the world's freshwater and marine water bodies. The rest of the vertebrate species are tetrapods, a single lineage that includes amphibians (with roughly 7,000 species); mammals (with approximately 5,500 species); and reptiles and birds (with about 20,000 species divided evenly between the two classes). Tetrapods comprise the dominant megafauna of most terrestrial environments and also include many partially or fully aquatic groups (e.g., sea snakes, penguins, cetaceans).