section_path: Abstract
section_name: Abstract
paragraph_text: The Ukraine–United States Mineral Resources Agreement is an agreement between the United States and Ukraine establishing terms for joint investment in Ukraine's natural resources, including critical rare-earth elements, oil, and gas, as well as providing for reconstruction efforts.
  
  On 25 February, Ukrainian Prime Minister Denys Shmyhal announced that the two countries had reached a preliminary agreement to strengthen economic cooperation and attract investments for Ukraine's recovery from the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War. U.S. President Donald Trump insisted on a resources agreement as a condition for continued U.S. support, framing it as a means for Ukraine to "pay back" the substantial U.S. aid provided during the conflict.
  
  The agreement was signed on 30 April 2025 by U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent and Ukrainian First Deputy Prime Minister Yulia Svyrydenko.
  
  Many scholars have described the deal as an example of neocolonialism.