text: Article XV, paragraph 2, it repeats the SALT I and ABM Treaties prohibition on interference with NTM. It also states in Article IX, paragraph IC that each party undertakes not to develop, test or deploy systems for placing into orbit nuclear weapons or any other kinds of weapons of mass destruction, including fractional orbital missiles. This represents a more inclusive ban than that contained in the Outer Space Treaty. As a result, the Soviet Union agreed to dismantle its fractional orbital system. V. Additional Multilateral Treaties which are relevant to the Space Environment 15« 1977 Environmental Modification (ENMOD) Treaty (which entered into force in October 1978), and the 1979 Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and other Celestial Bodies ("the Moon Treaty") have implications for weapons and disarmament in space. Article II of the ENMOD Treaty states that: CD/637 page 5 "The term 'environmental modification techniques' refers to any technique for changing-through the deliberate manipulation of natural processes - the dynamics, composition or structure of the Earth, including its biota, lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere, or of outer space". The addition of "space ” was to make the area of prohibition as extensive as possible. As the prohibited techniques remain largely theoretical, and never seemed usable in or from space, the prohibition at present is also theoretical. The Moon Treaty largely repeats in Article III, the bans on military facilities and manoeuvres on celestial bodies contained in Article IV of the Outer Space Treaty. Both stress that the moon is to be used only for peaceful purposes, but the "Moon Treaty" gives it extra prominence, and stresses that its surface cannot be used to direct any hostile act out into space.
analysis: The text primarily discusses international treaties and agreements related to space and disarmament, which suggests that the topic is closely tied to international relations and security. However, the text also touches on the environmental aspect of space, particularly with the mention of the ENMOD Treaty and its implications for the Earth's environment. This dual focus on international relations and environmental concerns makes it challenging to categorize the text into a single category.