text: Science and Technology, stressed the Importance of mutual and beneficial International cooperation In order to effectively supplement the national endeavours. Achievement of progress cal Is for Innovative mechanism of cooperation in the 1 lght of the trends in world economy and dynamic changes In Science and Technology. He noted that such a progress depends to a great extent on success In disarmament and elimination of arms race. 10. Discussing the characteristics of endogenous S & T capacities of developing countries. Prof. I. Ivanov, Deputy Director. Institute of World Economy and lnt.prnatlonal Relations. ·drew attention to the linkages of development problems with the o advances In S & TIn modern society. Policies end plans for ~ development of such capacities should also Include efficient ~ means of acquiring the knowledge of frontier technologies, such as biotechnology and micro-electronics, In order to avoid 3Q-1 459 further deterioration In the adverse balance of technology trade In developing countries. He further pointed out the need for S & T policies end plans to deal with the problems of migration of talents from developing countries. II. SCOPE OF THE SEMINAR tt. The VIenna Programme of Action places considerable emphasis on the need for formulation and Implementation of national policies and plans on science and technology for development. The Operational Plan recommends several measures for Improving the capacities of developing countries for this purpose. It also cal Is for International cooperation In the development of necessary analytical techniques, diffusion of knowledge on the concept and methodologies, and research efforts In pol Icy Issues of specific relevance to developing countries. 12. Many recent studfes have described the progress In S&T policy-making and planning endeavours of some developing countr­ Ies as well as some of the existing lags and Inadequacies. The Kuwait- Panel of the Advisory Committee suggested several 
analysis: The text appears to focus on the importance of international cooperation in science and technology, particularly in developing countries, to achieve economic development and progress. It highlights the need for developing countries to acquire knowledge of frontier technologies and address issues such as talent migration. The text also references the Vienna Programme of Action and the Operational Plan, indicating a focus on policy-making and planning in this area.