text: diffi~ulti'l to.v.lu.t. theactuallitu.tion resardins pre••nt.tion. 82.A8.r••ultotdisculllon8 withtheotficials concen4doftheoraanl- zations. Ith••becomecl.....thatthi8ila180am.tterofbudgetary control. Inca881wh.rethebuds.ting ledoneverypreel"',ly,totheenentthatall themi8lion••reprovided inthebudget,asoodbudaet....'controlwouldl••d toefficient .~e~ution ofmillions forthepurpO~9ot.ttendlng..etlnasas ~epresentativel ottheoraanlzatlonl. Itshouldb.m.ntloned, Inthil relpect. th.tthesoyerning bodi.sof80meoraanization8 ezamlnethese mi8sionl (ICAO.UNBSCO.ndUPU). /...-19• VII.IONITORING PROCBDURB 83.Itaoe.without••,In,thatreaularQnaolnare,lew,a.wella.periodical .ummari,. andanal,•••ofparticipation inconr.r.ne.1 and••etinal,arevery important roranantortheo,erallr.pre.entational acti'ity otthe or,ani.ltion.. Iti.bymean.ofmonitorina thattheoreanization. artable tocontinuoully checkwh.tb.rthecriteria andprlncipl••laiddownInth.ir resulations andrul••onrepr••,ntatlnn areadh.r.dto.And,ItI.onthe ba.ieofthlse.,aluations thatthe,candrawconclu.ions ontheirfuture participation. 84.Inaaajority oforlanilations, theadministrative manuals onrepresen­ tationdonoteontain anyprovision. relat.dtomonito?ina. Tbis mate~it dltficult todetermine thepolicies orthe.eorlanizations relardina monltorlns· 8S.However, accordina tothereplieetotheQu••tlonnaire, morethanahalf oforaanizations haveestablished inpractice formalmonitorinl procedures. 86.The..thodormonitorinl ,arle8con8iderably fromoneorlanization to another. Someoraanlzations (WHO,FAOandUNISCO)d.,eloped acomprohenslve aoaltorlns e.braclnl all.tale.orrepresentation. R.portsonrepresentation ar••adeinconjunction withtheorisinal justification forparticipation In theaeetinsandthea.88ssment ortheeffectiveness ofoverallrepresen­ tation. The,alsoincludethee,aluation oftherepresentative·s conclusions onmeetina'. deliberations, a.vellashis/herrecommendations relatedto futurefollow-up action•. 87.P.rlodlc r.view.areundertaken onl,ata~mallnumberoforaanlzatlons (ICAO,UNBSCOIndUPU)inwhichtheao.ernln8 bodies81amlnetheirreprespn­ tatlonll activity. Otherwise, therovlew8areundertaken Quarterly or Innually eitberattheoraanizatlon-widt oratthedepart.ental levol. 88.la.eoth.rorllnilltlons monitortheirrepresentltion onacase-br-caso ba.l,witbout..kinlan,p.riodlcal 'URa.rie. oraOl1,se8. Thi.monitoring 1.do••b,est.rnll relations .ector., lometiae. Incollaboration with d.parblent. orotherunit.coocerned. 89.Accordinl tothefindlna' oftheIn.pector, ••al1centralized or8ani­ latlon.well..nal'amonltorina procul', andthelLrlerone.haverather difficult, inaonltorinl. 90.Itba.becom8clearthatfealproblemsellstiuthoseor8anlzations which donot_oDltortheirrepresentation atall.Inthe,eoraanizatlons, eveDthe r.port.ofrepre••ntatl,es onattendance atmeetinll whichcouldbeaervedas Iba.i.ror.~nitoring arenotregularly .ubmltted. IntheInspector', opinion, thl.reflect. the.pontaaeous approach oftheorlanlzations to repr••entatlon, undere.tlaatlna .uchanImportant .phereofacti,ltr. I.··-20- VIII.NBWTBCHNOLOQY 91.Tbere••archotwa,.and..an.toratlonaliz. therepresentational actlvltr, partlcularl, tomakeItlel'elptnllve, halledtheInlpector to ea..lnethepo••lbllltrotIntroduclna advanc.d technoloay Inthefieldot repre.entatlon. TheQuestioni.whetherface-to-face contefenclna canbe replacod bymo~eeconomical mean.withthe...eeftlclenc,. Amonavarloul Irltems, telecunC.renclns •••••the.oetappropriate a.analtarnatlve. 92.Ateleconter.nclna ila.e.tlngconducted throuaholectrGnic meano betweenparticlpantl belnsIntvoormoreremotelocatlonl. Thepro8r088 ofnewtechnoloslel sreatlycontributed totbedevelo~nt ofte~hniQu08 tor teleconterenclna· 93.Depending onthocapabi11tlel ottered, tbetecbnlque torteloconforenclng couldbelenerally clalsltled Intotbreetype,:Ca)Alectronlc mallbaood B,.tem, Cb)audioconI.rlnclna. endCc)ludlovllual conterenclna. 94.Theelectronic mallbauodey.temCl)Isalsocalled"computer conto­ renclns". Allparticipant., wberever tbeyare,baveaccoI.tothelame computer, eltberdtrectlr ortbrouabanetwork. alvellaltothelamefile onthatcomputer byu.lnsaterminal. Aparticipant, wbowl.holtocontribute Bomethlna totbeteleconterence, write.bl'note8ullngwordproce8linR. Thil into~alioh i•.toredInthatparticular ttletromwhichallpartl­ clpa"tlcanreadonthe.cree~brretrievlns thilinrormation. Intholame man~er,theycanwritetheircommentl orothernotesintothesametilo. ThistIPeottIJ1econtQt> ..Icelenottiedvitbtimefactorandcould"onUnue overrearl. 95.Theaudioconterance Cb)allow. ~onterence participantl remotetromono anothortocommunieat~ amonlthem.elve. thro~3hvoiceu.lnsaudioequipmont. Thiscouldallootterpartlcipantl betweenlite.theeapability toohare araphlcl, teltlordlagraml bytacllmile oranelectronic blackboard. 96.Themo.t.ophllticated wayIItoUfetelecommunications torvllualand auditor, communication a.Cc).Thi.sylte.ilalsocalledvld90contorencins andvilioconterenclnl 1/.Thl.technique t~nctlons bymeansoftelevision. or vld404a••i.tedbycomputer toWhichtheImaS8saretransmitted throulh satellite orotbercommunication lin.s.tberebyallowlns participants to "view""heimale.otparticipant' ortheconference. WiththeiAOltadvanced techniQue otthis'yltem,theycouldview,Interact andtalkwithparticipants inarelllotelocation 8lmultanQousl1 (inan"on-Une" manner). Ina~dit!on, thi.provide. theposllblllty totranlmlt andviewelldosanddocumonta.
analysis: The text appears to be discussing the representation and monitoring of organizations, particularly in the context of international conferences and meetings. It touches on the importance of monitoring and evaluation, the use of technology to facilitate communication, and the challenges faced by organizations in this process. Given the focus on organizational representation and the use of technology, I would hypothesize that the text is related to the field of international cooperation and diplomacy.