text: a.ounted to$820billion for1984-alone. Thefigures speakforthemselves, anditisdifficult toresistsimplistic equations, pazticularly sincefewnations wouldagreetosacrifice theirsecurity forthedevelopment ofothers. ButitwouldbewrongforusnottDstressthelink between development anddisarmament. Thestudyrequested bytheUnitedNations on theallocation todevelopment purposes offundsreleased bydisarmament was published 23yearsago,andwherearewenow?Intimesofpoltticalcrisis, development isrelegated tosecondplaceandthatconcept hasbeenovershadowed by theemphasis nations placeonstrengthening theirmilitary security either indiVidually orintheframework ofexisting alliances, whichnaturally implies recognition ofthefailureofthecollective security systemenvisaged inthe Charter.Article 26oftheCharter:Development, disarmament andsecurity areforusaspectsofthesame finding asolution totheseproblems mustbetheUnitedNations. According to(~r.Rabetafika, Madagascar)A/40/PV.12 66 thel"Wcblocs. Thatiswhywehavealwaysadvocated thattherightplaceforMLG/rd situation. Theymustbetheconcernofusall,notmerelyofsomePowersorofthe ••••theSecurity Council shallberesponsible forformulating •••planstobe submitted toth~Members oftheUnitedNations fortheestablishment of(l systemfortheregulation ofarmaments·, andArticle 11saysthat: "TheGeneral Assembly mayconsider •••theprinciples governing disarmament andtheregulation ofarmaments, andmaymakerecommendations withregardtosuchprinciples totheMembers ortotheSecurity Council ortoboth". Theconstitutional provisions andtherelevant machinery exist,butin practice twoPowerstakecareofeverything with,fromtimetotime,consultation ofthemembers ofthetwoalliances, andtheUnitedNations isreduced toa marginal role.Thismarginalization cannotcontinue becauseatsomepointitwill challenge theconsensus weachieved withregardtothelimitation, control, reduction andelimination o~nuclear weapons. Wecannotavoidthecomplexity oftheproblem, giventheconditions inherent toeachstageandthetransition fromonestagetoanother. Assoonassome progress ismadeinlimitation, difficulties ariseatthelevelofverification, research anddevelopment bringaboutarevision oftheceilingoflimitation andof thelistoftypesofweapons concerned, andreduction isseeninthecontext of pollticaleriteriaand,therefore, subordina tedtotheevol~tionofthe relationship between themilitary ornuclear Powers. Uncertainty istherule,and wecannotblamepropaganda aloneforthefavourable reactions ofinternational •MLG/r.d--------------------- A/40/PV.12 67 (Hr.Rabetafika, Madagascar) publicopinion whenwetalkofzonesofpeace,suchastheIndian·OCeanandthe Mediterranean, &freezeinthedeployment ofnewweapons, moratoriums, zonesfree f£Gachemical ornuclear weapons andthenon-militarizaticn ofenvironments considered tobethecoJlllOnheritage ofmankind, that;is,thesea-bed, theocean floorandouterspace. DisarJlliment istooimportant tobe·leftinthehandsoftechnicians alone. Morethaneverbefore, political actionisnecessary andurgent.Itistimefor theUnitedNations toplaytheroleofinitiator andprime1IIOverinestablishing IlUtualtrusta1llODgthenuclear Powersandforittobeincluded inbilateral discussions, directly andthrough providing itwithappropriate information. Webaseourselves onthesamemutualtrustwhenwespeakofthe Non-Proliferation Treaty. Already certain Powers-andmajoronesatthat-are allowed toescapetheconstraints ofthat Treaty~ butdistrust persists vis-A-vis thesignatories, whointendtoplacenuclear energyattheserviceofdevelopment, andnomentionisIII2ldeofarticle VIoftheTreaty, whereby thenuclear Powers have undertaken toconduct negotiations ingoodfaithinordertoeliminate nuclear weapons. Ifeveryone fUlfilied theirobligations, theTreatywouldbemorefully respected. Inthefieldofconventional disarmament, whatwehavejustsaidaboutthe roleoftheUnitedNationsisvalidheretoo.However, wemUBtbearinmindthe newdimensions -namely, theexistence andcontinuation ofconflicts andtensions, aswellastheresponsibility andtheabilityoftheUnitedNations toprevent them andresolve them.Inprinciple, iftheconditions ofmilitary, political and economic security wereIIlet,andifatalltimesinallplacesandatalltimes therewasaspiritofamity,tolerance andgoodneighbourliness, peaceful coexistence andprinciples relating tointernational soveLeignty, territorial _•••.......... _-_.._----------------MLG/rd A/4O/PV.12 68 (Kr.Rabetafika, Madagascar) integrity,non-interference, respect andmutualadvantage, wecouldthensaythat conflicts andtensions woulddisappear. Butthefactshaveproduced adifferent situ~ yetmanaged toblendwith:general interest. Oursoc. universality, isstillhumanwithallitsstrengths al concerned themselves hesitate tobringtheirdisputes tNational interest hasnot tlthough claiming aknesses. TheStates
analysis: The text discusses the relationship between disarmament and development, highlighting the importance of the United Nations in promoting both. It also touches on the concept of zones of peace, non-proliferation, and the role of the UN in establishing mutual trust among nuclear powers. The text does not specifically focus on economic development, natural resources, or environmental issues, but rather on the broader theme of international relations and security.