text: family are governed by the customary and codified laws applicable to different communities of the Indian society. Freedom of association and right to join trade unions are protected under the Constitution and are regulated by different labour legislation. 8. The human rights and freedoms recognized by the Indian Constitution and relevant laws are being enforced by the forward looking legislature, dynamic executive and by the independent judiciary. 9. While each of the human rights recognized in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 341 342Documents of the seventeenth to twenty-second sessions is discussed with respect to India in detail below, it is appropriate to mention here that the embodiment of human rights in India falls into the following cat­ egories: (i ) The rights that are recognized under the Indian Constitution; (ii ) The rights that are recognized under other le­ gislation; and (iii ) Clarification of these rights by Indian judiciary by way of judicial interpretation. 3. Rule of law 10. The quintessence of our Constitution is the rule of law. The executive officers of the State cannot inter ­ fere with the rights of individuals unless they can point to some specific rule of law which authorizes their acts. 4. Authorities with human rights jurisdiction 11. The Indian Parliament has the power to legis ­ late on matters relating to human rights which are em­ bodied in the Indian Constitution as fundamental rights, directive principles or other constitutional rights. The judiciary, particularly, the Supreme Court of India, un­ der article 32 of the Constitution, and the High Courts of various States, under article 226 of the Constitution, have jurisdiction to give appropriate relief for violation of any of the fundamental rights. In addition to these courts, the criminal courts at different levels have juris ­ diction with respect to certain human rights involving 
analysis: The text appears to focus on the legal framework and institutions in India, discussing the protection of human rights, the role of the legislature, executive, and judiciary, and the jurisdiction of various courts. It does not seem to be related to economic development, natural resources, or environmental issues, nor does it mention specific industries, transportation, or communication systems. While it touches on education in the context of human rights, it is not a primary focus. The text does not mention humanitarian aid, culture, or science and technology. Employment and international trade are also not explicitly discussed. The text's primary focus is on the legal and institutional framework for human rights in India.