text: tation of UNICEF Policy on Women in Development (E/ICEF/1989/L.1). The strategy is aimed at women's needs in a developmental, rather than a welfare sense. Operational guide- lines to systematize a women's dimen- sion in programme planning and im- plementation (CF/PD/PRO-1987- 003) were issued in 1987, and elaborated in Programme Guidelines on Women's Programmes [Vol. 4), which was distributed to all offices as part of the field manual in 1989. The UNICES strategy identifies three main directions for programme ac- tion which would: » ensure that programme interven- tions include not only infants but young children under age five, girls, adolescents and women of ah" ages, regardless of maternal status; » emphasize approaches at the grass- roots level which help women de- fine their problems and become directly involved in the planning, implementation and evaluation of UNlCKF-assisted projects; » see that, in the longer term, women are not treated as a separate target group in the development process. During the year, several countries (Brazil, Colombia, India, Malawi, Morocco, Myanmar, Somalia, Togo, Uganda, Venezuela) commissioned studies on the needs of girl school drop-outs, pregnant adolescents, rural women, women farmers, female- headed households, and the issues of access to credit and primary school- ing, unemployment, migration and the impact of economic crises and adjustment programmes on women. Seven case-studies, sponsored by the Regional Office for the Americas and the Caribbean and published in The Invisible Adjustment: Poor Women and the Economic Crisis, underscored some of these issues. One measure of national responses to UNICEF policies on women is the articulation of objectives for girls, adolescents and adult women in coun- try programmes. Brazil, Cuba, Ethio-) tifVffofmtent policies are ulatt-fi. Their needs and canrfnir lii lit- fijuatrty in the maimr, ' pflapmnit prflc- -'•IEating straightfrom the garden Honiara: Kally Kausimae has seven
analysis: The text appears to be discussing the policy and strategies of UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund) regarding women's development, particularly in the context of international development and humanitarian aid. The text highlights the need to address the needs of women, girls, and adolescents in development programs, and emphasizes the importance of grassroots-level approaches and community involvement. It also mentions studies and case-studies on various issues affecting women, such as access to education, credit, and employment. Overall, the text suggests that the focus is on human development and social welfare, rather than economic development or environmental conservation.