text: Congo 1972/73 38:6 61.4 United Republic of Cameroon 1972/73 43.1 56.9 Zaire 1970 46.5 53.5 Ethiopia 1974/75 66.6 33.4 Lesotho 1969/70 49.3 50.7 Malawi 1968/69 48.3 51.7 Seychelles 1960 63.2 36.8 Swaziland 1971 45.5 54.5 United Republic of Tanzania 1971/72 46.4 53.6 Zambia 1970/71 52.1 47.9 Source: Agricultural censuses and sample surveys and 1970 World Census of Agriculture (Rome, FAO, 1981). 22. The level of participation by women in agricultural ac­ tivities varies according to the type of agriculture practised and according to available natural resources. In areas of West Africa which are not well endowed with mineral resources the colonial powers have introduced the extensive cultivation of tropical crops for export and in areas of Southern Africa the ex­ ploitation of both mineral and agricultural resources requires substantial labour and men have become either temporary or per­ manent emigrants. Almost every where in Africa women undertake an important part of the work for the cultivation of food crops for family consumption. In cereal growing areas subsistence farming is shared between men and women, and while export crop production (ground-nut, cotton, etc.,) is exclusively done by men, millet farming is carried out by by women. Women also par­ ticipate in sowing, harvesting, clearing as well as the transpor­ tation of the millet. During the dry season, women cultivate ir­ rigated fields where they produce vegetables. · The surplus is bartered or sold in the market. 23. In very remote areas where transport links are inadequate and which are not well suited to export crop cultivation, women are entirely responsible for the production of cereals since the men folk leave the villages to lend their services elsewhere. This is the case of regions of intensive emigration, such as the Soninkes in Senegal who emigrate France or.the Mossis of Upper 
analysis: The text discusses the participation of women in agricultural activities in various African countries, highlighting the variations in their roles depending on the type of agriculture practiced and available natural resources. It also touches on the impact of colonialism and emigration on women's agricultural work. Given the focus on agriculture and women's labor, it is likely that the text falls under the category of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing, with possible connections to Economic Development and Employment.