text: The programme approach is applied at alI levels of the state planning and management. and the scientific-technological programmes are formulated at four levels proceeding from the scope of problems being solved and the spheres of application: all-union, republ lean, branch and regional levels. The targets of these programmes are approved and provision of all kinds of resources for their Implementation is made In the state plans of respective levels. A1 1-unlon scientific-technological programmes which are formulated for a five-year period as an Integral part of the state five-year plan of economic and social development are being planned, control led and managed by the central government bodies. 171 such programmes were approved for 1981-85 period. AI 1-union scientific-technological programmes are subdivided into target scientific-technological programmes (41 programmes> and programmes designed to solve major scientific-technological problems (130 programmes). A distinctive feature of the target programmes lies In the fact that they envisage not only the mastering of new technologf~s but also their series production·on a given. scale. Every assignment envisages a stage-by-stage fulfilment of the whole complex of work during the planned flve-y~ar r~rlod. In particular, assignments for the development and Introduction of new machines, devices and equipment envisage the following stages: scientific research, prepartfon of technical documentation, development and testing of pilot prototypes, correction of documentation and preparation of production• production of Installment series of a given volume, and organi­ zation of series production by volumes specified for each year. For this the central body approves methodological documents regu­ lating the fulfilment of stages and assignments and the proce­ dures of transfer of the Intermediate results to a customer or leading organization. For the second level assignments and stages, the direct executors (Industrial enterprises. scientific Institutes, etc. with Indication of departmental subordination) are defined one of which Is designated as a leading organization 
analysis: The text appears to be discussing the planning and implementation of scientific-technological programs at various levels of the state, with a focus on the development and production of new technologies. The language used is technical and specific, suggesting a focus on the scientific and industrial sectors.