text: formalities ral~tAd totheexternal tradetransactions. 52.TheTreatyofPeHceandFriendship of1904 W~dsigned byBolivia andChileon 20Octclber 1904atSantiago. Thecorresponding rHtifications wereexchanged 01'" 10March1905atLaPaz.ThisTreaty defini~ively established theChilean-Bolivian boundary, recognizing Chile's absolute authority intheterritories located between /...A/44/588 English Page23 parallel 23andtheoutletoftheLoaRiver. The!'eaty grant~~ Bolivia diverse facilities forcommercial transit through Chilean territory. Themostsignificant aspects thereof areasfollowsl (a)inaccordance witharticle VIoftheTreaty, theRepublic ofChilerecognized infavouroftheRepublic ofBolivia, andin perpetuity, "thefullest andunrestricted riqhttocommercial transit throughits territory andportsonthePacific". Inthisarticle, onefindsafacilitati?n of transit thatexceeds, aswillbeseenlater,thefacilities which,inthe international community, aregranted toinlandcountries. Thisrepresents a perpetual andunrestricted advantage forBQlivia. Itisclearfromthisarticle thatChileconceded toBolivia notonlythebroadest righttotransit throughits territory, butatthesametimethecomplet& useofallportsexisting onthe Chilean seabcardl (b)article VIIoftheTreatygivesBolivia therightto establish customs houseagencies intheportsthatthiscountry designated forits commerce, thereby acyuiring aspecial righttoassumedirectresponsibilities in thecontrol ofthemovement ofitsmerchandise intransit. 53.Thebasicorientation ofDanishdevelopment assistance istowards poverty, thatis,development assistance isaimedatsupporting thepoorest countries and populatiun groups. Denmark doesnotfavourtheproliferation ofspecial categories ofdpveloping CQuntries demanding special andpreferential treatment in international development co-operation, whicharenotbasedonthe poverty-orientation principle. Consequently, Denmark hasnotadopted inits development assistance anyspecial programme infavourofland-locked developing countries. Recognizing, however, thatthesecountries maysuffer fromparticular problems ari:oing fromtheirgeographical positions, Denmark iswilling, ona cftse-by-case basis,toconsider specific actiontoad~ress suchproblems withinthe uverall framework oftheDanishdevelopment assistance policy. 54.Astheland-locked developing countries aregenerally amongthepoorest developing countries, theyreceive arelatively largeshareofDenmark's bilateral assistance. In1986land-locked countries thusreceived DKr420.2million in development assistance, corresponding to14.8percentofthetotalbilateral Danishdevelopment assistance, andin1987thesecountries received DKr439.9million, corresponding to16.5percentofthetotalDanishbilateral dovelopment assistance. Themainrecipient countries arelBotswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Nepal,Swaziland, ZambiaandZimbabwe Furthermore, itshould benoted thattheNordiccountries havereached anagreement withtheRADeecountries on economic andcultural co-operation between thetworegions, according towhich D~nmark hasmadeacommitment ofDKr400million fortheperiod 1986-198P. A substantial partofthisamountisallocated totransport andtransit-related projects. 55.TheGovernment ofFinland recognizes thediverse problems stemming fromthe geographical position ofland-lockpd developing countries, butdoesnotclassify thesecountries 88aspecial aidgroup. Finland has,however, bilateral assistance programmes andindividual projects insom~land-locked countries. In1987 I •••A/44/588 English Page24 land-locked developing countries received onaverage 17.6percentofFinnish bilateral development assistance disbursements, oratotalofFmk203.6million ($46.3million). Thisaidwasprovided to15land-locked developing countrie,. Amongthemainrecipients ofFinnish bilateral assistance aretwoland-l~cked developing countries, NepalandZambia. 56.Thecountry programme forZambiainclude. projects infields.ucha. agriculture andco-operative., forestry andwoodprocessing, education,
analysis: The text appears to be discussing international development assistance, specifically focusing on the aid provided by Denmark and Finland to land-locked developing countries. The text highlights the challenges faced by these countries due to their geographical location and the measures taken by the two countries to address these issues. The discussion is centered around the economic and development aspects, with mentions of trade, transit, and infrastructure projects.