text: Bolivia, Ecuador, the Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guyana, Kenya, Madagas- car, Mozambique, the Philippines, Somalia and Tanzania. In countries such as Ecuador, Guinea, Mozambique and Somalia, UNLCEF offices supported inter ministerial task forces on the priorities for social and economic programming. These meetings were also attended by other United Nations agencies and NCOS. The UNICEF International Child Development Centre in Florence held a seminar Ln Abidjan in April to lay the foundation for research on the effects of structural adjustment policies on human welfare in Africa south of the Sahara, and the role UNICEF could play in future interventions. During the year, UNICEF also extended special assistance to the Philip- pines, which had been hard hit by the collapse of sugar prices, and to the Gambia, which was struggling to adjust to a slump in ground-nut prices. In Latin America, a publication, The Invisible Adjustment: Poor Wotnen and the Economic Crisis, became a focal point for advocacy. Following the example of the UNICEF programme of debt relief for child survival in Sudan, an agreement has been reached with the Inter-American Development Bank to establish a social investment trust fund in Latin America. The fund will be financed from a number of debt relief operations in the region. Arrangements for a special African Fund for Social Investment are also being studied. taken during the year, and many pilot projects were launched, 100 million children still lack the opportunity tobe in school, and high rates of popula- tion growth suggest this number will increase. Articles L5 and 16 of theUnited Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child emphasize chil- dren's right to education and encour- age international co-operation to erase illiteracy and ignorance. The education challenge for the 1990s is how to universalize access to educational opportunities to all chil-
analysis: The text discusses various countries' struggles with economic challenges, such as structural adjustment policies, debt relief, and the impact of price slumps on their economies. It also mentions the importance of education and the challenges of universalizing access to educational opportunities. These themes suggest that the category should be related to economic development, education, and humanitarian aid.