text: the advance of the results of research and developments up to the stage of practical appl !cation. The appl !cation of the program-target method In our country Is based on accumulated practical experience, beginning with the GOELRO (State plan for the electrification of Russia), which was elaborated on the Initiative of V.I. Lenin and which Is a classlflcal example of the program approach to the solution of the major national economic problem of electrification as a most Important condition for developing the large-scale machine­ building Industry. The solution of the problems of mastering atomic energy and the development of cosmonautlcs are only a few of the accompl !shed maJor SandT programs. System of S&T Programs A system of scientific-technical programs, approved by the government Is In effect In the USSR. The primary basis for elaborating SandT programs Is the Complex program of scientific-technological progress, which Is a preplan, nonapproved document, which Is elaborated for 20 years, specified and prolonged every 5 years. This program substan­tiates single science and technology pol ley, the basic directions of scientific-technological progress, and their effect on socio­ economic processes. It a single concept of the development of science, engineering, production In the form of a system of mutually coordinated prognoses, and determines qualitative shifts In engineering and technology with a socio-economic estimate. priorities In the development of Individual scientific direc­ tions, whose development shal I be provided first and foremost. MaJor scientific-technical problems of a long-term character as wei 1 as those providing return In a relatively short time .are determined proceeding from the targets for the development of the economy and those of social progress. Elaboration of the Complex program of scientific-technical progress Is organized by the USSR Academy of Science and the USSR State Committee for Science and Technology. A Scientific Council 
analysis: The text appears to be discussing the development of science and technology in a country, specifically the USSR, and its impact on the economy and society. The text mentions specific programs and initiatives aimed at advancing scientific and technological progress, such as the GOELRO plan and the Complex program of scientific-technological progress. The text also mentions the development of atomic energy and cosmonautics as examples of major scientific and technological programs. Given the focus on science, technology, and their impact on the economy and society, it is likely that the text falls under the category of science and technology.