text: TechnlcaU, .pilaUnl. themannerotshowingl.aS88leeither"one-w&y" 01.' "two-wa, Interactive". rheformerenableltheparticipants tol8eandhear theconterence leaderbutnot'le',er.t.ItIIthelatterthatallowr bo~h theleaderandpartlclpantl to.ee,hearanddl.cu.sinteractIvely inari'mote location. Therearealr.adyconference centrelwhichprovidethlllervice. 11et.JIUreportonIllIanaf,elDent ofinterpretation aervices inthe UnitedNationlIYltem" CA/41/6.~). /...-..- Oopondln8 onthememorr'toraae, tietrpeoteQ~lpment usedandtran••l••lon dRtaratesavallable, thefreQuener otupdatina i.a,e.varieltromleveral timesaminuteto1e8.than ~.econd. 91.Untiltheearly1980's,theCOltltor.endina•video(television) .lsnal botwoenremotesitesreQuired widerbandwldth eapabllltr whichwaseltremely olpansive. Theintrod~ction otthemotionprocel80r orcodec,whichdlaitlzes thevideo8i8nal,elimlnates redundancle. ineachpicturetrame(Iucha. stationary bactsround Information) and~ompre'8e. thesignaltoreQulroless bandwidth. madeteleconterenclns aneconomical communications option. 98.Asaresultoftheinstallation ofdiaita1networke betweenthemost important citiesInBurope,UnitedState.andCanada,theteleconterenclns sorvicehasbecomeaneconomical device. InthecaeeotGenova,theGeneva Intornational Conference Centreisequipped withtheteleconterencing service, \:hlchcouljbeverywellutilized bytheofficeslocatedtherein, liventhat tbuelectronic linkbetweenthe~nitedStates, CaDad.andSwitzerland ia asuurod bysatellite INTBLSAT. 99.Thus,ateleconferencing 8Y8t~motterldifferent possibilities to conference participants locatedIndifterent placel,suchas:tocommunicato, olchange information, shareandinteract throulharaphics, figuros andprintod teats,etc.Both••a8ubstltute torandasupplement toface-to-tace mootin&s. ateleconterencins .yotem,particularly theaudiovisual orvideo conferenclns, wouldenabletoconllderablr reduceelpenses. savetimea8well BOtoincroase efficiency. ~oreov8r, applications ofthl.systemcouldbe dpveloped according tothenp-edeofeachconference andtheadvancement otnow technoloslos. 100.TheQuostionnaire Included apartleular sectionconcerning theposRiblo introduction ofnowtechnology inrepresentation. Alltheoraanization8 which haverepliedtothislectlon doadmittheuBatulnele orthetechnological innovation. However,allreplleearenelatlve regardlnl theIntroduction of newtelecommunication technoloslea I'a.eanstoconductconfer9ncel and meetinls. Theyfoelitunlikely that repre.eDtatl~D couldbereplaced by te1econterencing. Oneottherealon.1.thattheroleotreprosentatlon isnotsimplylimitedtothesubmi.llon otreportlorannouncoment of .tatements. Itentaill a110on-the-epot personal contaet. Whichprovide opportunltleA fornelotlationl, 81chanSl ofviewaandInitiatives concerning vGriou.veryimportant i••uI•. I.....22.. 11.COIICLUSIONS ANDIICOIIIUDATIONS A.Copdu.lo,! 101.Themaincoaclu.lon drawnfromtheoverallreviewandcomparl.oa of representational activities ofthe"Qclallzed asencles ladtheUnitedNation. IsthatthereI.asreatdlver.lt, Inadmlnlltratl,. In.tructloa., rule., guidelines, etc.S6vernlns reptelentatlon, alwellalavarlet, Inthe ~rocedurel and.echanll.' deallnlwiththeseact',ltlel. Giventhe.tructure oftheUaltedNatloal'Ylte.,thl.11Quitenormal. However, tbl.Iltuatlon makelItverydlftlcult toenlureanefficient co~ordlnatlon oftbeprocedurel relatedtorepresentatloa. TbeInspector doelnotbelievethatuniform1tr wouldb.desirable a.abureaucratic measure. He,nonet~ele~8, con.lders that someadditional effortsshouldberG~ulred toeltablllh addfollow11.llar ~ractlce regarding someImportant is~ues(o.g.,invltationl). Thiswould contribute tothesYltem-wlde co-ordination Inthefieldofrepresentation, Improvetheefficiency ofparticipation Inmoetlngs andreducethecost. Involved. 102.Thomannerinwhichtheinvitations arei••u~dandproce81ed reveal8 deficiencies. Thepractice ofsendingInvitations directly toIndividual staffmemberscontinues, whichrendersItdifficult toensuretheefficient co~ordlnatl~n andtimelydecision onpartlcipat~on unlessspecific procedures arefollowed. ThisisaproblembothattheUnitedNationsandsomespecia­ lizedagencie.. IntheInspect~~'B opinion, theInvitations shouldbe addres8ed, asageneralrule,totheoser.utive headsoforlanizatlons. Thisdoesnotpreclude thattheselnvitationa indicate thenameofindividual stattmember8 whoseparticipation wouldbedesired. Tothiseffect,Itwould benecessary totakeappropriate measur,a8 tobringtheconfo~ity ofpractice throughout theUnitedNatlon8system. 103.Anotherproblemi8theincrease inthenumberotlatereceiptorin~l­ tationsandthelackofpreparatory documenta, Underthesecircumstances, itisindeeddifficult fortheorganizations toproperly evaluate in~ltations andaSBe88correctly theinterest oftheorganization Inparticipatins inthe meeting. Incaseofaccepting 8uchinvitations, theadeQuate substantive proparation forefficient participation wouldboQuiteimp08slble. 104.Inseveralorganizations, therearenointernal rule8onrepresentation. IntheInspoctor's opinion, thesooraanlzations shoulde8tablish minimum regulations inorderto8trengthen thebasesforrepresontatlon.
analysis: The text appears to be discussing the role of technology in representation and communication, specifically in the context of international organizations and conferences. It touches on the use of teleconferencing, its benefits, and the challenges associated with its implementation. The text also mentions the need for standardized procedures and regulations regarding representation.