text: distribution ofincomeandwealth andtheneedforimproved education, health, nutrition andhousing areexpressed asclearconcerns oftheInternational Development Strategy fortheSecondUnitedNations Development Decade (seeAssembly resolution 2626(XXV)of24OCtober 1970). TheStrategy fortheThirdDecade (resolution 35/36,annex)incorporates awiderangeofsocialgoalsintheareaof employment, education, health andshelter tobemetbytheyear2000. Collectively, theseobjectives haveastheirpurpose theeradication ofextreme poverty andthesatisfaction ofbasicneedsofalltheworld's people bytheendof thecentury. Therefore, eventhougheconomic problems mayseemoverwhelming at present, itisimportant toconsider thesocio-economic consequences ofthe prospective economic outlook. /...A/40/5l9 English Page19 34.Thepresent reportcompares theimplications ofthescenarios ofhigherand lowereconomic growthforemployment, schoolenrolment ofchildren aged6to11, literacy andtheavailability ofdrinking waterandsanitation. Theresults ofa similar analysis ofundernutrition bytheFoodandAgriculture Organization ofthe UnitedNations (FAO),arealsopresented. Thesesocialaspects ofdevelopment wouldimproveatsignificantly higherratesfrom1985to2000withthe higher-growth scenario thanwiththelower-growth scenario, butevenwithhigh growththerewouldstillbelargegapsbetween thelevelslikelytobeachieved by2000andsomeofthegoalssetintheInternational Development Strategy. (This conclusion alsoapplies totheStrategy targetforshelter, asdiscussed inthe previous overall socio-economic perspective report(A/37/2l1, paras.305-312).) Majorpolicyinitiatives andrelated institutional developments willbeneeded, therefore, toincrease thequantity andefficiency ofpublicandprivate expenditure targeted toachieving mostofthesocialdevelopment goalsofthe Strategy. 35.Achievement offullemployment bytheyear2000inmanydeveloping countries willbeverydifficult, asthelargenumberofchildren nowunder14yearsenter theworking agepopulation (aged15to64)between 1985and2000andasan increasing shareofthewomenofworking ageareexpected toseekemployment. Additional pressures willbegenerated bycontinuing rural-urban andinternational migration. Basedonthelimited available dataonemployment levelsandlabour forceparticipation ratesinthedeveloping countries, approximate projections of employment totheyear2000havebeenmade,basedontheassumption that productivity willgrow2percentperyearfrom1980to2000(seetable8).For thedeveloping marketeconomies asawhole,totalemployment (including many under-employed workers) wasabout93percentoftheirlabourforcein1980, since1980ithasfallen muchlower. Underthelower-growth scenario, the employment'rate wouldrecover somewhat by1990,butfallbackbytheyear2000, reflecting therapidgrowthofthelabourforce. Underthehigher-growth scenario, incontrast, theemployment ratewouldrecover rapidly andwouldreach100percent inthemid-1990s. Thisimplies thatachievement ofthehigher GDPgrowthrateup totheyear2000wouldrequire average productivity growthgreater than2percent peryearand/orincreases inthelabourforceparticipation rategreater thanthose currently projected bytheInternational LabourOrganisation (ILO'). Suchincreases seemquitepossible whentheimplied employment levelsaremeasured inrelation to theprojected working agepopUlation (seetable9). 36.Despite considerable increases inthenumberandpercentage ofchildren attending schoolinthedeveloping countries, thenumberofilliterate peopleis stillincreasing. Withthesharpacceleration intheprojected growthofGDPunder thehigher-growth,scenario, rapidincreases intheenrolment ratesofchildren aged6to11wouldcontinue. However, onlymodestacceleration wouldoccurbythe year2000intherisingtrendinliteracy rates,particularly inlow-income countries, ifthepresent relations continue amongtheliteracy andenrolment rates andthelevelsofpercapitaexpenditure onprimary education andpercapita GDP. Moresignificant acceleration wouldoccurbetween theyears2000and2010, reflecting therapidgrowthofGDPandenrolment inthe1990s. Underthe lower-growth scenario, primary enrolment wouldincrease muchless,especially in thelow-income countries, andtheilliteracy rate'woulddecline verylittle. /...A/40/5l9 English Page20 Table8.Employment asapercentage ofthelabourforcein developing countries, 1980-2000 COuntry group/Scenario Developing countries Lowergrowth Baseline Highergrowth Leastdeveloped economies Lowergrowth Baseline Higher growth1980 93.3 89.71985 82.9 81.51990 88.1 90.6 95.4 77.6
analysis: The text primarily discusses the socio-economic aspects of development, focusing on the implications of different economic growth scenarios on employment, education, health, and other social development goals. It also touches on the challenges of achieving full employment and increasing literacy rates in developing countries.