text: individuals; removealltroopsfromthetownships; endthestateofem~rgency and repealallrepressive legislation designed tocircumscribe political activity; and ceaseallpolitical trialsandexecutions. Although theaeclaration doesnot foresee aspecific rolefortheinternational community, itstatesthat"the parties shalldefineandagreeontheroletobeplayedbytheinternational community inensuring asuccessful transition to8democratic order". J~I 61. Follo~in9 ameeting between Mr.P.W.BothaandANCleaderNelsonMandela at Tuynhuys, theofficial residence ofMr.Botha,astatement byMandela wa~released through theMiniGter ofJustice, KobieCoetsee, on12July1989.Inthe3tatement, Mandela reitttrated hisposition thatdialogue withtheMassDemocratic Movement and,inparticular, withANC,wastheonly r~thtopeaceinthecountry. He stressed hisdesiretocontribute tothe"creation of8climate" thatwouldpromote peaceinSouthAfrica.62.Inthemeantime,themilitary wingsofthenational liberation movements, notably, Umkhonto weSi.we(MI)andtheA.anian People's Liberation Army(APLA), continued theiractions against thesymbols ofapartheid repression, suchasthe municipal councils andthepolice, aswell8Smilitary andpoliceinstallations and personnel. IntheweekspriortotheOctober 1988municipal elections, armed resistance increased totherateofonebombin~ perday.InMay1989, MKcadres launched amortarattackonaradarinstallation oftheSouthAfrican ~·'fence Force (SADr)intheWestern Transvaal, causing damagetotheradarandtolivingquarters. 63.Following ani~tense campaign, on26November 1988theauthorities released Zephania Mothopeng, thePresident ofPAC,andHarryGwala,asenior ANCmember. Addressing apressconference subsequent tohisrelease, Mr.Mothopeng calledfor therelease ofallpolitical prisoners, including ANCleaderNelsonMandela andPAC memberJeffMasemola, andforthe"unbanning" ofPACandallotherpolitical organisations. Calling uponblackstouniteintheirfightagainst apartheid, he urq9dtheinternational comm~nity toincrease sanctions against SouthAfrica. On 16June1989,headdressed ameeting heldbytheSpecial Committee against Apartheid atUnitedNations Headquarters tocommemorate theanniversaty ofthe1976 Sowetostudents uprising. 3.Non-racial tradeunion mo~emAnt 64.Thenon-racial tradeunionmovement tookaleading roleinpolitical action against theregime, thereby becoming avital or~anized component oftheMass Democratic Movement. Animportant development wasthegrowing efforts ofthetrade union!ederations, COSATOandthoNational Council ofTradeUnions (NACTO), to undertake unitedactionfocused ontheiropposition totheLabourRelations Amendment Act.Promulgated in1988,theAct'sprovisions undermine theactivities ofthenon-racial labourmovement. iQlAnunprecedented workers' sumn,it, heldon4 and5March1989,withrepresentatives ofallCOSATUaffiliates, 11NACTU affiliates and17independent tradeunionsinattendance, discussed aunited response totheLabourRelations Amendment Act,aprogramme forbuilding trade unionco-operation inSouthAfricaandunitedactionagainst repressi~~. Although NACTU,asafederation, didnotparticipate inthesummit,itsPresident, JamesMndaweni, statedthatthefederation WBSnotopposed inprinciple to attending futuresummits, sincaitspolicywastoenqaqeinjointactionagainst theAct.illInacommunique issuedbyallthetradeunionspresent, itisstated that"thesummittranscended thedifferences episting between thevarious unions attendinq. Whilerecognizinq thedif(erent histories inthetraditions and pOlicies oftheunions, theoverriding objective wasalwaystoemphaei.e theneed forunityinaction......j1/InAugust 1989,anagreement wasreachedatasecond workers' summittointensify thecampaign against repressive labourlawsandall otherformsofrepression. 65.Inamemorandum sentinJune1988totheInternational Labour Organisation (ILO), COSATUstateditstwomahlobjections totheLabourR(']3tions Amendment Act.first,thepreference thatauthorities soughttogivetoraclal~y constituted unionsattheexpense ofnon-racial unionsl andsecond, thefundamental abridgement oftherighttostrike. Inpresenting itsobjections, whichareshared byNACTU, COSATUarguedthatthelawwouldnowmakeitmoredifficult tostagea legalstrike, whilemakingiteasierforemploy&rs tointerdict strikes andtosue tradeunionsfordamages. COSATU's complaint against SouthAfricawasreported to theILOGoverning Bodyatits240thsession, inaccordance withestablished
analysis: The text appears to focus on the political and social struggles of South Africa during the apartheid era, specifically the efforts of the Mass Democratic Movement and the trade union movement to challenge the regime and promote democracy. While there are some mentions of labor laws and strikes, the main focus is on the political and social aspects rather than economic development or environmental issues.