text: cent of the furds huve beer: usee fer hcusir.q ar:d trat.spcrt. Con­ sec;uer.tly tlle impact cr. prcducticr1 ll<>S beer. at Lest marqir.al. Ir. Nali, "ir,teqrated qrass-r(cts develc.:rr:ent" is tc be oursued under the currer.t lS81-198~ C:evelcpn1er,t plan, ·<~itll developwerJt ac­ tivities decided upcz; ar.c crqar.ized by lccul ccnmurit.ies ther.tsel­ ves en tlte basis cf their C\Hi locally perceived interests. 87. I r: scme P.f ric<.l r. devel cpi r··q ccu r;tries aaricul turt~ is hampered by irreoular rainfall, tut efforts to ccmi:.Jat water constraints are beir:q inter.sified. The prd·ler.t can partly te vverccrne by 55 E/ECA/Crl. 9/5 resort tc irriqa ti on, but the financial costs are beyond the means of many of these countries. For instance, a dam on the Niqer built in r-:ali ir: the 1~30s is capable of irriqatinq a very larqe area, but as clrairaqe v..•ork has not yet been completed the irriqated area has been limited to only 50,000 hectares. In the Sudan, which has extensive experience with irriqatio~. larqe canal schemes \lith storaqe reservoirs require an investment out­ lay of about -2,000 a hectare, while similar scherr,es in Eastern and \·lest Africa ccst mere than ~10,000 a hectare. The difference is due to the inexperience of domestic ccr:structicr:. industries and dependence or: imported materials and equipment in the latter subreqicns. 88. In t•!al i, water projects are fu r:dame ntal tc the at ta i nme nt of the agricultural development objectives set cut ir; the 198l-1S85 J.Jlan. A sum cf Fm 151.3 hillier. has been earmarked for \Jater developmer:t, a larqe part of vihich \/ill be used for the ccnstruc­ tior, of the Na na ntal i Dam on cne of the tributaries of the Seneqal river. The darr, v:ill provide 840 billicr; k\vh of electricity in ncrmal years, and \Jill irriqate scv.e 450,000 hec­
analysis: The text appears to be discussing the challenges and initiatives related to agricultural development in various countries, particularly in Africa. It highlights the impact of irregular rainfall, water constraints, and the need for irrigation projects to overcome these challenges. The text also mentions the financial costs and investment requirements for such projects, as well as the need for domestic construction industries and local resources. Given the focus on agricultural development and water management, I hypothesize that the text is most closely related to the categories of **Agriculture, forestry and fishing** and **Natural resources and environment**.