text: conflict, resulting in higher malnutri- tion rates and increased incidence of disease. DMonitoring and evaluation Evaluations of UNK;EF field activities increased by 47 per cent during the year from 220 to 320 for the period from October 1988 to September 19S9. The number of action-oriented studies increased by 26 per cent over the same period. Countries in MENA conducted 141 evaluations and 66 studies, followed by ESARO (52 and 88), WCARO (38 and 76), EATRO (34 and 81), TACRO (32 and 77), and RQSCA (25 and 23). • ~V •**?*• *V*2"X-~r ^r- _* ..Over 65 per cent of country and annual reports indicate that these evaluations had an impact on project design and implementation. Follow- ing an evaluation in Bolivia, emphasis was placed on women's education as an incentive to early child stimula- tion. In Brazil, an ORT evaluation convinced programme managers to make greater use of the media to spread messages on ORS preparation. Information gathered in Sudan cast doubts on the sustainability of mobile F.PI teams. A study of traditional birth practices in Pakistan revealed a poten- tial cause of nco-natal tetanus. The capacity of field offices to conduct evaluations in a timely way remained weak, however. Only 48 per cent of the evaluations planned for 1989 were completed on schedule, although it should be noted that 67 per cent of the year's evaluations were unforeseen. In late 1988 the Executive Director asked for studies of social mobiliza- tion tor UCt in six countries. The experiences of Nigeria, Pakistan and Senegal have been assessed and docu- mented, and studies for Colombia, India and Turkey are planned for 1990. Evaluations ot the first group of countries found, among other things, that: » most mobilization activities centred around the mass media, which car- ried information on target diseases and the timing and location of
analysis: The text primarily focuses on the monitoring and evaluation of field activities related to humanitarian aid and relief, specifically in the context of health and nutrition. It discusses the impact of evaluations on project design and implementation, as well as the results of studies on social mobilization and disease prevention. The text does not mention economic development, natural resources, industry, transport, international trade, employment, culture, or science and technology, which suggests that it does not fit into those categories.