text: year.Atleast400,000 persons havediedbecause ofactsofdestabilization, and millions ofothershavebeendisplaced. Manyofthecommunity s~hools andhealth posts,symbols oftheachievements ineducation andhealthfollowing independence, havebeendestroyed. Thedislocations iuproduction andtransport overwideareas ofthecountry asaresultofthewararecutting offlargenumbers ofpeople from anyprocess ofeconomic rehabilitation. 89.InApril1989,astudyprepared byWilliam MinterfortheFordFoundation and theSwedish International Development Agencyconcluded thatRENAMOwas"anarmy withaclearhierarchical structure" thatreliedonfo~cedrecruitment andfearof execution tomaintain itsfighting strength. Minternotadthat"RENAMO isnot,as oftenportrayed, alooRecollection ofwarlords androvingbands." ~IHe eatimates thatatleast90percentoftheRENAMOrankandfilealerecruited by force. Thestudylentcredence toallegations ofcontinued violatiuns bySouth AfricaoftheNkomati PeaceAccordsigned bySouthAfrica andMozambique in1984. Overall, thewarinMozambique seemstohavereached astalemate. Eventhough RENAMOcannotmakemajoradvances, itcanstillcarryoutitsactsofcrimeand ddstabilization, thereby causing untolddamagetoMozambique. 90.InApril1989,UNICEFissuedanupdated edition ofits1987report, entitled Children.on theFrgnt-line -Theimpacto.-~artheid. destabil1~atign and~a~ QDchildr~-in-sguthern andSguthAfrica. ~.lereportshowe6thatin1988alone 147,000 youngAngolans andMozambicans died.According toestimates, 25children dieeveryhourfromtheeffects ofwarinsouthern Africa, partlybecause ofa breakdown inhealthservices andinfoodproduction. Since1980,morethan 1million peoplehavebeenkilledand4million displaced asacon~equence ofSouth Africa's warsagainst Angola andMozambique. 91.Therelationship between thewarconflict intheregionandchildhealth, malnutrition andmortality canbeseenthrough thede~truction offacilities. In Mozambique, 822healthpostsandcentres havebeendestroyed orforcedtoclose since1982.Morethan500,000 primary-school children arewithout educational facilities because some36percentofruralschools havebeendestroyed or abandoned forsecurity reasons. Atapressconference atUnited ~ations Headquarters, on14April1989,thePrimeMinister ofMozambique, MariodeGra9aMachungo, statedthatRENAMOaggression hadincreased inthepast sixmonths, inparticular inthesouthern partofthecountry. Hewarnedthat severefoodshortages wereexpected in1989asaconsequence ofthelackoffood reserves andinadequate logistical capabilities. 92.Itisapparent thattheobjective ofSouthAfrica's destabilization strategy istodestroy Mozambique asarolemodelforanalternative society andtoensure itseconomic dependence onPretoria. Moreimportant, Pretoria hasastrong interest inshowingitscontinued military dominance, atleastinpartofthe region. However, someprospects forpeaceinMozambique havearisenasaresultof initiatives byparties totheconflict andbysever~l African countries. 93.ThewarinAngolaexperienced areprieve following thewithdrawal ofSouth African troopsfromthecountry. Inthecontext ofthesearchforapeaceful solution tothesouthern African regional conflict, 18African HeadsofState playedanimportant roleintheGbadolite Agreement, reached on22June1989, between theGovernment ofAngolaandUniaoNecional pareaIndependencia Totalde Angola (UNITA). Theagreement ledtoafragile cease-fire. -23-94.Hotwithltandlng positive developments inNamibia withregardtothe il~plemeGtation ofSecurity Council resolution 435(1978),theregimecontinued to carryoutit.terrorist actions against itsOpponents, inparticular ANC.These act.werecarried outnotonlyintheneighbouring countries, buta180inother partsoftheworld. ANCofficials pointed toatiredalertltinANCoffices across thefront-line State.inresponse toaseriesofrecentbombing8 andpoisoning8, including ane.plosion intheoffices oftheANCSecretary General andTreasurer GeneralatLusaka. -24-III.EXTERNAL RELATIONS OFSOUTHAFRICA A.OVtryiew 95.Developments intheperiodunderreviewundersoore theoontinuing economic and financial fragility oftheSouthAfrican economy. Theeffects ofsanctions on trade,newloansandthetransfer ofteohAology, theshortage ofoapital for produotive investment asaresultoflowdomestic savings ratesandadearthof foreign finanoing, theburdenofexternal debtrep.yments andtheimpactof large-scale with~rawal oftransnational corporations Iallcontinue tocause
analysis: The text primarily discusses the devastating effects of war on Mozambique, including the destruction of infrastructure, displacement of people, and loss of life. It also touches on the economic and humanitarian implications of the war, as well as the role of South Africa in destabilizing the region. The text does not focus on specific economic development projects, natural resources, or industry, but rather on the broader consequences of conflict.