text: one of the most important factors in improving ties between offenders undergoing non-custodial measures and the family and community. It should complement the efforts of the criminal justice administration. "17.2 Public participation should be regarded as an opportunity for members of the community to contribute to the protection of their society. "18.1 Government agencies, the private sector and the general public should be encouraged to support voluntary organizations that promote non-custodial measures. "18.2 Conferences, seminars, symposia and other activities should be regularly organized to stimulate awareness of the need for public participation in the application of non-custodial measures. "18.3 All forms of the mass media should be utilized to help to create a constructive public attitude, leading to activities conducive to a broader application of non-custodial treatment and the social integration of offenders. "18.4 Every effort should be made to inform the public of the importance of its role in the implementation of non-custodial measures. "19. Volvnbegrs "19.1 Volunteers shall be carefully screened and recruited on the basis of their aptitude for and interest in the work involved. They shall be properly trained for the specific responsibilities to be discharged by them and shall have access to support and counselling from, and the opportunity to consult with, the competent authority. "19.2 Volunteers should encourage offenders and their families to develop meaningful ties with the community and a broader sphere of contact by providing counselling and other appropriate forms of assistance according to their capacity and the offenders' needs. "19.3 Volunteers shall be insured against accident, injury and public liability when carrying out their duties. They shall be reimbursed for authorized expenditures incurred in the course of their work. Public recognition should be extended to them for the services they render for the well-being of the community. "VIII. RESEARCH, PLANNING, POLICY FORMULATION AND EVALUATION "20. Research and planning
analysis: The text appears to be focused on the application of non-custodial measures in the criminal justice system, highlighting the importance of public participation, volunteer involvement, and community support. It also touches on the need for research, planning, and policy formulation to ensure the effectiveness of these measures. Given the content and tone of the text, it seems likely that it is related to the criminal justice system or social welfare, rather than any of the other categories.