text: etc. Since 1978, similar agreements have been signed with France. the UnIted KIngdom, the Feder a I Repub I I c of Germany, Italy, Sweden, the United States, Greece, Denmark, Finland, Belgium. Luxembourg, Australia and Japan. Under these agreements, over 200 Joint projects have been executed either In basic research, Industrial-agricultural production technologies, or emerging technologies. According to IncoMplete statistics, some 4200 International experts came to 30 0 If) co N China In 1979 for scientific or technological exchange and cooperation while over 7300 Chlnese~experts went abroad. DEFICIENCIES Before presenting the achievements. It would be useful to dlscuss some of the problems we had In the Institutional arrangement and management system of science and technology. (1) A serious deficiency In the research management system was the absence of research capabl lltles and technological development In the enterprises. Among the existing 380.000 enterprises In China, with the exception of a few. designated as key enterprises. most did not have their own research and development capabilities; lacked expert personnel; were short of funds; and most Important of all, lacked Incentives to use new technologies and develop new products. (2) Enterprises had little autonomous decision-making power and their responsbl llty, power and Interests were not combined In a rational manner. Workers got the same pay no matter how wei I they performed. Eenterprlses consumed the same share from the "Government Big Pot" regardless of the amount they contributed. Alt profits were passed on to the government while all deficits were absorbed by the government. As a consequence, product quality remained low and their variety was small. There was no Initiative to develop new products. (3) Many of our economic policies did not respond to the requi­ rement of technical progress. These Include( pol lcles relating to taxation, credits. Incentives. etc. Some even posed obstacles to the adoption of new technologies. Since many new prod~cts required 
analysis: The text discusses the development of science and technology in China, specifically highlighting the achievements and deficiencies in the institutional arrangement and management system. It touches on the economic implications of these deficiencies, such as the lack of incentives for enterprises to adopt new technologies and develop new products, which affects their product quality and variety. This suggests that the text is primarily focused on the relationship between science and technology and the economy.