text: national firms. On the other hand, the opposite point of view has gone beyond merely questioning the lack of domestic capability. It has not only drawn attention to It (almost always Including minor Innovations), but has also tried to demonstrate a reversal of the process. assuring that In some Latin American countries a phase has begun which Is characterised by a) export of manufactured goodsJ b) sale of technology through lrcenslng and "turnkey• plants; c) direct Investment and d) assistance In the development of baste lnfrastructure(8,9}. 6. Fajnzylber (1972 pg. 146-7}, Monza (1972 p.277), 0 Donnell and Link (1973, caps. 3 and 4}, Hymer {1972 pages 22-24) •. 7. Garcia (1974 pg. 295}. 8. Katz and Ablln (1976}, Katz (1978} and Lall (1979). A statement by Jaguarlbe (1971 p. 16), from what we might call the substitutive stand point. guesses that the opposite may be true: •there Is still Insufficient motivation, and scarcely any Institutional facl lltles, for the new demand for technology In Latin America to lead to an effective and sustained effort In the application and local production of science". That Is, the argument takes a quite different view: It not only maintains that expanding abroad Is Impossible. but sees fewer possl~l I ltles of developing local technological capacity capability. This approach accepts Implicitly the existence of a technological gap between countries allowing expansion abroad. even though the expansion may be due to technology previously licensed or due to policies of the transnational companies to establish themselves In wider regional markets. This Is why foreign llcensln~ has been seen differently, complementing and also developing local learning. This description Is probably an extremely simple version of both arguments. although Its basic· conclusions Include two opposite views on the viability· of non-dependent capital 1st 
analysis: The text discusses the economic development of Latin American countries, specifically their ability to develop local technological capacity and their reliance on foreign technology and investment. The arguments presented revolve around the issue of technological dependency and the possibility of developing local technological capacity. The text does not focus on natural resources, environment, agriculture, forestry, fishing, transport, communication, health, education, employment, humanitarian aid, or culture.