text: 23r'-rnternational migration rs one of the instruments that covernments gay use roregulate the suppry of labour. This use of international migration is crearer fromthe perspective of receiving countries, since the regalry sanccioned recruitment offoreigners to perform specific jobs within their territorias is a practice thatobviates the constraints impoged by the size and composition of the nationar raboursupply. For sending countries, however, interhational migration has often appearedas-a means to al.Ieviate, inter alia. local unemployment and under employmenr.rndeed, the potentialty negativEEf ect that ".igr"tron may have on the size of thelabour supp-ly has generally been conside(ed one of the positive conseguences ofinternational migration foi sending countries. 232'.During this century there have been many instances of countries that haveregarry sanctioned the temporary presence in their territories of foreigners whoseInter na tiona I^/40/5L9Engli sh Page I05 skills were needed. The best known and most recent examples of organized labour flows have been directed towards the highly industrialized, market economy countries of Europe and to$ards the resource-rich countries of western Asia and litorthern Africa. The contrasting situations prevalent in Ehese two regions will be considered below- 233. In Europe, the economic recession that affected many of the labour-iroporting countries during the early 1970s l-ed to tbe virtual stoppaqe in 1974 of migration of non-EEC nationals. Such stopPage, however' has not meant the massive repatriation of foreign workers.- in"t"ud, lhe former tabour -impor ting countries have adopted policies designetl to stabilize the foreign population pl9?t"t ln their territories by encouraginq return migration antt aLtowing family ieunification under certain condiiions. lfl itre adoption of such policies has important imPlications for the evolution of the labour supply. First, once it is recognized that the foreign population is more than a tenporary, dlspensable componen!- of the loca !' popufition, its share of the labour supply loses the flexibility that wag intrinsically related to its purely temporary natule. gecond, the pasgibility of family reunification adtls dynamism to che alemographic aspects of labour supply' since participation in the locaL labour market cannot renain restricted to the original migrant $orkers' Conseguently, receiving countries are novt. faced with a
analysis: The text appears to be discussing the role of international migration in regulating the labor supply of receiving countries, with a focus on the benefits and implications for both sending and receiving countries. The text also touches on the demographic and labor market aspects of international migration, including the possibility of family reunification. Given the emphasis on labor supply, migration, and the economic implications, it is likely that the text falls under the category of employment and international trade.