text: accounting andaUditing systems toensureeffectiveness ofexpenditures for realizing policyobjectives, costeffectiveness andmanagement accountability. 21.9Finally, ofutmost importance duringthe1990swillbethepriority concern forimproved civilservice systems andintegrated humanresources development for pUblic management performance. Thiswillbeconsistent withtheclarion callfor reducing theover-bloated civilservice, raisingitspayscales andimproving the humanresource factorindevelopment. Thispriority canbeseen,interalia,in theemphasis contained intheUNDPfourthcycleplanning, anditsManagement Development Programme, theWorldBankprogramme inpublicsector management andin General Assembly resolution 40/213of17December 1985ontheroleofqualified national personnel inthesocial andeconomic development ofdeveloping countries. -4-z Digitized by Dag Hammarskjöld Library2.Overall strategy 21.10 Thepresent programme isimplemented bytheDevelopment Administration Division oftheDepartment ofTechnical Co-operation forDevelopment oftheUnited Nations Secretariat. 21.11 Toachieve theprogramme's objectives, anoperational framework willbe devised whichwillinclude analysis oftheissues involved, formulation ofspecific guidelines toimplement programmes ofaction andpreparation oftraining modules. Specifically, theSecretariat willcarryoutoperationally-oriented research and analytical stUdies andtechnical co-operation activities, including seminars and workshops, training programmes, pilotstudies andadvisory services. 21.12 Theprogramme willcontinue torelyuponUNDPasafunding agencyfor extrabudgetary funds. Co-operation willbemaintained withtheregional commissions andtheDepartment ofInternational Economic andSocialAffairs ofthe UnitedNations Secretariat, mainlyintheformofinformation exchange, joint sponsorship andexecution ofprojects andmutualparticipation inrelevant activities. Within theUnitedNations system, co-ordination willbemaintained withtheInternational LabourOrganisation, theUnitedNations Industrial Development Organization andtheWorldBank. Inaddition, co-ordination matters willformally bediscussed inmeetings oftheinter-agency consultations and working group, heldpriortotheMeeting ofExperts ontheUnited Nations Programme inPublicAdministration andFinance. 3.Subprogramme structure andpriorities 21.13Inthelightoftheabovegeneral orientation, thesUbprogrammes areas follows: SUbprogramme 1.Monitoring trends anddevelopments inpUblic sector management SUbprogramme 2.Effective structural andorganizational arrangements andmethods forpublic management andproductivity Subprogramme 3.Training anddevelopment ofhumanresources forpublic management Subprogramme 4.Effective budgetary systems andresource mobilization fordevelopment Subprogramme 5.Improving publicsectorfinancial management 21.14 Subprogrammes 1and3aredesignated highpriority. -5- Digitized by Dag Hammarskjöld LibraryB.Subprogrammes SUBPROGRAMME 1.MONITORING TRENDS ANDDEVELOPMENTS INPUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT (a)Objectives 21.15 Thelegislative authority forthepresent subprogramme derives fromGeneral Assembly resolution 41/182, paragraph 2;Economic andSocial Council resolutions 1985/10, paragraph 6(a),1987/92, paragraph 2and1988/7, paragraphs 2and4;and Economic andSocial Council decision 1988/115, paragraph (b). 21.16Articulation ofnational priorities, determination oftheappropriate role ofthepublic sector, formulation ofappropriate development pOlicies and programmes andtheireffective implementation areachallenging jobforany government. Therecent economic crisisindeveloping countries, highlighted by various kindsofadjustment programmes, hasshowninadequacies andgapsinthose areas,specifically regarding theroleandpriority ofpublic management,
analysis: The text appears to be focused on the development and management of public administration and finance, discussing topics such as budgeting, human resources, and civil service systems. It also mentions the importance of effective public sector management and financial management. Given these themes, it is likely that the text falls under the category of economic development, as it is concerned with the development and management of public resources.