text: theGroup's hopethattheconsiderations expressed inthisreportwillbeof assistance insuchdiscussions. General (a)Withsomeexceptions, themetricsystemhasbeenusedinquoting distances orothermeasurements. Theterm"mile"hasbeenused solelyinthesenseofnautical miles. (b)Citingofdatainthestudydoesnotnecessarily meanendorsement by allmembers oftheGroup. * * * /...A/40/535 English Page92 ~(continued) !ITheLawoftheSea:(United Nations Convention ontheLawoftheSea withIndexandFinalActoftheThirdUnitedNations Conference ontheLawofthe ~(United Nations publication, SalesNo.E.83.V.5). 21TheFinalDocument iscontained inresolution S-10/2. Forthefulltext ofth;resolution, seeTheUnitedNations Disarmament Yearbook, vol.3:l978, appendix I(United Nations publication, SalesNo.E.79.IX.3). Thetexthasalso beenpublished inleaflet form(DPI/679). 11Details ofnavalarmscontrol measures maybefoundinanumberof pUblications. Ausefulsourceforthetextsandparties ofmanyarmscontrol agreements isJozefGoldblat (Stockholm International PeaceResearch Institute), Agreements forArmsControl: ACritical Survey (London, Taylor and Francis, 1982). SeealsoT.N.DupuyandS.M.Hammerman, ADocumentary History of ArmsControl andDisarmament (NewYork,Bowker, 1983). ~IForexample, article 11oftheMontreux Convention statesthatBlack SeaPowers maysendthrough theStraits capital shipsofatonnage greater than 15,000tons.Capital shipsaredefined inannex11oftheConvention assurface vessels ofwar,otherthanaircraft-carriers, whicheither (a)exceed10,000tons (10,160 metric tons)displacement orcarryagunwithacalibre exceeding 8inches (203millimetres) or(b)exceed8,000tons(8,128metrictons)displacement and carryagunwithacalibre exceeding 8inches (203millimetres). 21TheEconomist, 23June1984. ~IFoodandAgriculture Organization oftheUnitedNations, Reviewofthe StateofworldFishery Resources (Rome,March1985),table1. 21TheTimesAtlasoftheOceans (NewYork,VanNostrand Reinhold, 1983), pp.102-104. !!"Report byShellBriefing Service oftheRoyalDutchGroup", in International Petroleum Encyclopedia, 1984. 21UnitedNations Conference onTradeandDevelopment, "Review ofmaritime transport, 1983"(TD/B/C.4/266) ,p.2. lQIIbid.,p.7. !!IA.T.Mahan, TheInfluence ofSeapower uponHistory 1660-1783 (London, Methuen, 1965),chap.1.FirstpUblished in1890. 121Thecalculation ofworldmilitary expenditure isofnecessity imprecise owingtosuchvariables asdifferences inexchange rates,secrecy Ofinformation, problems ofdeciding howtoallowfordifferences inthesystem andcosting of military production anddifficulties inhowtoallowforpricechanges inthe civilian andmilitary sectors oftheeconomy. Ausefulreference pointmaybe SIPRIYearbook, 1985,p.223,whichgaveafigureof$800to$820billion forthe year1984,measured in1984dollars. I...A/40/535 En'Jlish Pa'Je93 ll/S.G.Gorshkov. Morskaya moschgosudarstaya (Moscow, Voennoe Izdatel'stvo Ministerstva Oborony SSR.1976). Published inEn'Jlish asTheSeaPowerofthe ~(OXford. Per'Jamon Press.1979). l!IStudyonConventional Disarmament. (United Nations publication. Sales No.E.85.IX.l) paras. 71-77. 15/Exceptfornote16,thesources oftheinformation 'Jivenin para'Jraphs 102to104are: Or'Janization oftheJointChiefsofStaff,UnitedStatesMilitary Posture forFY1986(washinCjton, D.C.). TheMilitary Balance 1984-1985. (London. TheInternational Institute for Strate'Jic Studies). Jane'sFighting Ships1984-85. (London. Jane'sPublishin'J Company). SovietMilitary Power(Washin'Jton. D.C.,UnitedStates Department of Defense. 1985). Thiswasthesourceofthenumbers ofUnitedStates and Soviet UnionICBMsandSLBMsinpara'Jraph 104.SovietdataonSLBMsput thenumbers sli'Jhtly hi'Jher. 16/w.M.Arkinandothers. "Nuclearization oftheoceans" back'Jround paper forSymposium onDenuclearization oftheOceans, heldatNorrtalje. Sweden. on 11-14May1984. w~. 18/Statistics onconventional navalforces maybefoundinavariety of publications. some'Jovernmental andsomenon-'Jovernmental. butthereisnosin'Jle, authoritative source. Asthepurpose istobeillustrative. andto'Jiveabroad overview ofthesituation. asin'Jlesourcehasbeenused-Jane'sFightin'J Ships1984-85 -forthedata'Jiveninpara'Jraphs 109-132, unlessotherwise stated. 19/ArminWetterhahn. "Soviet CTOLcarrier underconstruction", International
analysis: The text appears to be a report discussing international maritime issues, including naval forces, arms control, and trade. It references various publications and studies, indicating a focus on scientific and technical information. The text also touches on economic and environmental aspects, such as the impact of naval activities on the environment.