text: technology, basic research, etc. The general obJective os the plan Is to apply extensively In China-before 2000 those technolo­ gies that are widely used In developed ~ountrles In the seventies and early eighties, which also comply to China's specific condi­tions. Meanwhile. R and Don emerging technologies will be developed to create new Industries. INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY-MAKING At the national level, the State Science end Technology Commission Is the agency responsible for the overall science and technology policy formulation. It Is a coordinating department of the State Council In charge of science and technology development In China. A maJor mandate of the Commission Is the formulation of SandT policies. It has a department of SandT policy, a National Research Center for Science and Technology for Development that conducts extensive research and studies In S and T policy. In case of Important S and T policies proposed by the Commission, approval from the State Council or the National People's Congress will be needed before they are Implemented. Involved In the SandT policy making process are also the State Economic Commission and the State Planning Commission. The three commissions cooperate with each other and elaborate Jointly on Polley measures that are of concern to alI before submitting to the State Council for approval. In addition. the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the various ministries of the state council_ also participate actively In the formulation of policies specific to their own areas. Within their terms of reference, the provincial and municipal governments are responsible for the formulation of regional science and technology policies. FRAMEWORK FOR IMPLEMENTATION Once approved by the State Council or the National People's Congress, science and technology policies and plans must be Implemented by the various ministries and local go~ernment. The science and technology departments under the ministries and fhe 
analysis: The text appears to be discussing the science and technology policy-making process in China, with a focus on the application of existing technologies and the development of new ones to support economic growth and development. The involvement of various government agencies and institutions suggests that the text is related to a broader context of economic development and planning.