text: would be of particular importance to create an environment that ir adverze to the perpetration of fraud. One means would be to strive for more conristency in the sanctions imposed. Another aspect of general deterrence would be to take legal action of some kind. In this respect, we are of the opinion that the amount involved in the case under consideration and whether or not it haz been recovered, or the cost-effectiveness of the action with regard to the single case in question only, should not be the exclusive criteria of decision. An evaluation on a case-by-case basis only is bound to neglect the overall effect8 of that decision. -44- Functional title svstem 153. UNDP uses more than 1,300 functional titles for its staff in the Professional and L (holders of contracts under the 200 series Staff Rules in the Professional level) categories. This is due to a change in UNDP appointment guideLines, which has led to a new set of titles, thereby inflating their number. Consequently, titles are no longer attached to grades and the variety of titles is likely to impair the clarity and efficiency of personnel management. 154. We suggested reviewing the UNDP title system with the objective of substantinlly reducing the number of functional titles. This oould be achieved by (a) adhering to United Nations Staff Rules as a general principle and (b) restricting the authoriaation of titles deviating from the United Nations system to cases where no equivalent is available. We also recommended that an effort be made to match titles and grades. 155. The Administration agreed with our observation and informed us that the Division of Personnel was in the process of carrying out a review aimed at the establishment of a uniform system. It explained that the number of titles might 
analysis: The text appears to be discussing organizational and management issues within the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), specifically related to personnel management, sanctions, and decision-making processes. It does not seem to be directly related to any specific sector or field of work, but rather focuses on internal procedures and policies.