text: The sole Institution that screens Joint agreements dro• the economic and legal aspects and also to so•e extent from the technology transfer aspect Is the Technology Transfer Unit of the Ministry of Trade and Industry. Tl7 The policy of screening and approving manufacturing agreements In Malaysia dates back to 1968 when the Investment Incentive Act was Introduced. This Act was designed to attract Industrial Investment by providing total or partial tax relief to companies Investing In new enterprises or expanding existing ones. Tax reliefs such as pioneer status allowed total exemption from Income tax and development tax from 2 to 8 years. This Incentive Is ~nly given to companies that submit at I agreementt signed with other firms for approval by the Ministry of Trade and Industry. In 1975, the Industrial Coordination Act was Introduced requiring alI manufacturers employing 25 full time workers or more and with shareholders' fund of M$250,000 or more to apply for a manufacturing licence. The conditions laid down for the granting of licence Is that the company must not enter Into any agreement In starting up operations, technical know-how and assi­ stance services (Including employment of expert personnel), pur­ chasing, marketing, payment of royalties and patents and trade marks without the prior written approval of the Ministry of Trade and Industry. With the Implementation of the Industrial Coordination Act In 1976, a Technology Transfer Unit was established In the Ministry of Trade and Industry with the following basic functions: I) to ensure that all agreements signed will not be prejudicial to the national Interest; If) to ensure that the agreements will not Impose unfair and unjustifiable restrictions or hal.dlcap to the Malaysian party; Ill) to ensure that the payment of fees (wherever appllcabie) will be commensurate with the level of technology to b@ 
analysis: The text appears to be discussing the policies and regulations related to joint agreements and technology transfer in the context of industrial development in Malaysia. The text highlights the role of the Ministry of Trade and Industry in screening and approving agreements, and the conditions laid down for the granting of manufacturing licenses. The text also mentions the introduction of acts and incentives to attract industrial investment and promote economic development. Based on this analysis, it is likely that the text falls under the category of economic development.