text: y Casos especiales. Los nombres ûEiciales de los códigos consultados se encuentran al interior del glosario. Algunas penas llevan la expresión "y un día" que ha sido suprimida en el cuadro para simplificar su presentación. SIGNOS: a = aRo(s)í is <« ]iies(es); d = día(s)! h = hasta; + = más dej p = perO! di = de duración indeterminada. - 1115 - 5. Criminal liability (i) England (a) The terms criminal liability and criminal responsibility are used interchangeably, the choice depending on the preference of the writer. 11/ (b) The situations which exempt or which relieve a person from criminal liability are called exemptions and defences respectively, but this terminology is not always adhered to strictly. Exemptions are also called immunities and both categories are sometimes discussed under the heading of defences. Excuse is sometimes used as a synonym of defence. as in the maxim "ignorance of the law is no excuse". Exemptions concern status or age and confer absolute immunity from prosecution. The Sovereign and visiting foreign Heads of State, as well as children under 10 years of age, are immune from prosecution because at law they can do no wrong. Diplomatic representatives are immune from prosecution by statute in accordance with the reciprocal treatment accorded by one State to another. Corporations are not inherently immune from prosecution. Defences concern circiimstances appertaining to the defendant at the time of the offence only. They confer no immunity from prosecution but, if pleaded successfully on trial, relieve him of criminal liability. They include insanity (sometimes classed as an exemption), automatism, intoxication, mistake, necessity, duress (coercion), self-defence, obedience to lawful authority and diminished responsibility. The last-named is sometimes classed as an extenuating circumstance rather than a defence because it is not a bar 
analysis: The text appears to be discussing legal concepts and terminology, specifically related to criminal liability and defenses. It provides examples of exemptions and defenses, as well as their relationship to prosecution. The text does not seem to be related to any of the categories related to economic development, natural resources, industry, transportation, or international trade. It also does not appear to be related to humanitarian aid, employment, or culture. The text's focus on legal concepts and terminology suggests that it is more closely related to the fields of education or science and technology.