text: dren; how to make the systems more efficient, effective and relevant; how to spark a literacy revolution at low cost; and how to seize the emerging communications opportunities to dis- seminate the knowledge and skills needed for the well-being of the people. DChild survival and development Towards universal immunization Global immunization coverage has continued to rise dramatically, with the incidence of immunizable diseases coming down markedly in many countries. By the end of 1988, 68 per cent of children in the developing world had received their three doses of DPT (diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus) and polio vaccine by their ttinszntion ftnvriuit' h1 •: .rfiTrtiM/f to pay .tficcial. morr rfinntf areas ami p&pulnliiw ••itfH that so far hart- hud no her'*1'first birthday. Coverage with anti- tuberculosis (BCG) vaccine had reached 75 per cent, and measles 60 per cent. Protection against measles, the largest child killer among the immunizable diseases, has almost trebled since 1981. In 1986 only 15 countries had achieved the UCI goal of 80 per cent coverage of all antigens for children, but at the close of 1988, a total of 39 countries had done so. Given that an additional 37 countries had greater than 60 per cent coverage in 1988, it was expected that many more would in fact reach the uci goal. It is estimated that this steady rise- in immunization coverage prevented more than two million deaths from measles, pertussis and neonatal tet- anus during the year. Despite some excellent progress, however, it should be noted that gaps in immunization coverage result in about 2.8 million deaths from these same diseases each year. It would take several years of sustained coverage at levels of 80 per cent and above to stop transmission and lower levels of infection. The numbers of pregnant women covered by tetanus toxoid remain be-
analysis: The text discusses global immunization efforts, specifically the progress made in reducing child mortality and the challenges that remain. The focus is on public health, with statistics on vaccination rates and disease prevalence. The text does not mention economic or environmental issues, nor does it discuss industry, transport, international trade, or employment. The topic is more related to human well-being and the spread of knowledge and skills.