text: South African Governnent to stand. by its earlier stateaent that it vould not act in such a manner as to increase the mnber of nuclear-weapon States could be underrnined. by a number of factors n:nning the gamut from the attractions of trad.ing enrichrrent tectlnolo€y for ad.vsJrced conventional arms to its heiflhtened isolation from the international coamunity. D. Safeguards 1. Unsafeguarded- fegL_l.:U.es 40, The piLot scale enrichrnent facility is not covered by IAEA safe5uard's (see para. 20 i_love). l,{oreover, while the South African covernnent ha6 indicated a readiness to accept safeguards on the now-shelved. cornoercial plant, it has not made a comlarable otter in regard to the expanded enrichment plant that it d'ecided to build instead. As discussed below" these unsafeguarded enricbment facilities could be used to produce nuclear explosive material ' 2" Safeguarded fac ili.ties )+1. The SAFASI.I research reactor and- the l(Oeberg nuclear pover plant are covered by IAEA safeguarils ' These include materia]-s accormting 8'nd reporting procedures; containment of naterials, e.g., of cooling spent fuel, to specified areas with continuous autonated surveiliance and nonitoiing; and periodic inspections by the iiai', 7St (In arldition " cooled spent fuel from the Koeberg reactors is to be returned to tr'rance " J 75/ See lTuclear Prol-iferation Safeguards, A SIPRI Monograph written by L-ren-ilrnin s"*o"r" t@), pp. 25-l+T'Al35 /)102 English Annex Page 21 I]T. SOUTH AFRICAIS NUCTEAfi I,IEAPON CAPABIIJITY A. Al-ternative routes to nuclear explosive naterial 42. Access to sufficient quaitities of nuclear explosive llatelial is tbe first requirenent for any country setting out to nake a nuclear wea,poa. Either weapon-
analysis: The text appears to be discussing the nuclear capabilities and policies of South Africa, specifically its enrichment facilities and safeguards. It mentions the potential risks of nuclear proliferation and the importance of safeguards in preventing the production of nuclear explosive materials. The text does not seem to be directly related to economic development, natural resources, agriculture, industry, transport, communication, health, education, employment, humanitarian aid, or culture. However, it does touch on the theme of international cooperation, as it mentions the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and its role in monitoring nuclear facilities.