text: of development antl the specific forms of internal migration in terms of direction and duration. seasonal and circulatory migration, for e:<ample, are likely to have different effects on employment than permanent migrati.on, and employment may also be differently affected by rural-urban and rural-rural migration. 226. 7n situations where young persons and others who are unemployed leave their communities and obtain a Job elsewhere, migration can be said to increase the level of employment, for lt provides a mechanism of transferring the supply of labour to those areas where it ii needea. Similarly, migration often increases the proaluctivity of labour either because of underemploynent in the areas'of origin or because of alifferential productivity in sending and receiving areas. Rural-urban migration, for exanple, increases labour productivity by facilitating the transition from (rural) agricultural to (urban) industrial activities', 'thich is entaiLetl in the process of industrializaEion. It should be pointed out, however' that differences in regional productivity tbemselves are a consequence of economic, and often political, decislons to locate investments in certain areas, usually favouring cities. 26l Industrializacion and increased Productivity of national economies would generally not require the level of rural-urban miqration typical in many developing countries if more investments were made in rural areas'A/40/5L9 Engl i sh Page 104 22?' The effects of migration on urban unemproyment remaln controversiar. lJhire ithas been found in many studies that nigrant; do not tend to have a higher incidenceof unemproyment than urban natives, !/ it is possibre that they are di.splacingurban workers, thereby adding to uneilloyment in cities. 28l
analysis: The text discusses the effects of migration on employment, labor productivity, and urban unemployment. It highlights the different forms of migration, such as seasonal, circulatory, and permanent migration, and their impact on employment. The text also touches on the relationship between migration and industrialization, as well as the potential displacement of urban workers.