text: availability only 8 37 O-82 Studies containing references to improvements in excteta disposal 10 22 O-48 Swxa 8Esrey, S. A., Feachem, R. G., & Hughes, J. M. (1985). “Interventions for the Control of Diarrhoea1 Diseases Among Young Children8 Improving Water Supply and Excreta Disposal. Facilities”, in Bulletin of the World Health Qraani.z..at. ion. 63(4 1 t 757-772. 41. Significant progress is also taking place with regard to the eradication of dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease), where simple filtration and source protection methods , even without any disinfection, can break the disease’s transmission cycle. Of the 23 countries affected by the disease, of which 20 are in Africa, 10 countries, including Ghana, India, Nigeria and Pakistan, have implemented national plans against dracunculiasis during the Decade, A major achievement has been the drop in cases reported by India from 30,440 in 1995 to a third of this amount in 1990. 111 Similarly, Burkina Faso has recently reported the eradication of the disease in three highly endemic communities between 1984 and 1986 through filtration of drinking water. 121 The increased awareness of the seriousness of the disease, as well as of the potential for its eradication, have produced increased emphasis on the need to monitor its incidence, and consequently greater systematization in reporting. 42. With regard to trachoma, the experience of the Decade demonstrates that a 60 to 7il per cent reduction 1.31 in cases of trachoma can be achieved if abundant water is available for purposes of personal cleanliness. Similar improvements due to improved accessibility can also be expected in the case of conjunctivitis. TheA/45/327 English Page 13 results of an analysis based on the experience in eight countries in Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean demonstrate the positive effect8 achieved from improvements in water supply in the teducLion of schistosomiasis prevalence and incidence. .JJ/
analysis: The text appears to focus on the improvement of water supply and sanitation systems in various countries, specifically in the context of disease prevention and control. It highlights the effectiveness of simple filtration and source protection methods in breaking the transmission cycle of diseases such as dracunculiasis and trachoma, and the positive impact of improved water supply on the reduction of cases of trachoma and schistosomiasis. This suggests that the text is primarily related to the health sector, with a focus on water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions.