text: -It allows to shorten by 2 -2.5 times the periods of development and mastering new technology. However, the programme management Is far from using all Its potential In practice. It Is possible to Increase Its efficiency, first of alt. by: -more thorough selection of scientific-technological problems to be solved with the programme method taking Into account scientific, economic and social significance of the expected results as well as actual possibilities of providing the required resources; -reinforcement of the role and responslbll !ties of leading ministries and organizations as wei I as coordinating councils; 320 -more efficient conjunction of programme assignments and branch plans for production, capital construction and material­ technical supplies; -shifting to target provision of alI programme stages with necessary resources concentrating them In hands of programme coordinating council. 8. Economic agreements (contracts) Economic agreements between the academic Institutes Cor higher educational establ lshments) and the branch organizations for carrying out concrete Rand D activities represent one of the most efficient and widely spread forms of ties between science and production. They are being used at alI stages of the Innova­tive. cycle. In the past 10 years the share of financing the academic science through economic agreements in the total volume of financing increased almost three-fold. This form of ties has the following important advantages: -owing to scientific research carried out under economic agreements the scientific organizations become more interested In fast and efficient utilization of the results In practice; this also renders additional possibilities for verification of scientific Ideas and theoretical developments directly under Industrial conditions followed by their transfer tor large-scale practical utilization; -economic agreements accelerate the process of transfer of scientific resulsts by using material and technical base of an organization-customer (Industrial enterprises, designing bureaus, branch InstItutes); -obi lgatlons stipulated by economic agreements stimulate 
analysis: The text primarily discusses the efficiency of scientific research and development, highlighting the importance of economic agreements between academic institutions and branch organizations to accelerate the transfer of scientific results to practical utilization. It also mentions the role of program management in shortening the periods of development and mastering new technology. These themes suggest that the text is related to the fields of science and technology.