text: Recalling Conference of Ministers resolution 348 (XIV) of 27 March 1979 on manpower development, which welcomed the efforts being made by the secretariat to promote the establishment and development of subregional graduate schools of business management and finance in Africa, and the development of management educators in an attempt to help African States achieve self-reliance in managerial development efforts, Further recalling resolution HRMC 2 (II) of the Conference of Ministers Responsible for Human Resources Planning, Development and Utilization, which calls upon African Governments to pay particular attention to strengthening their machinery and processes for effective public administration and management and for efficient financial manage­ ment, and give maximum support to training and research institutions in the field of human resources, public administration and management, Further recognizing the need for more efficient and effective approaches to economic management, based particularly on the proper application of sound managerial and technical skills in the utilization of human, financial and material resources, as well as proper policy formulation and implementation, Recalling the activities of the African Training and Research Centre in Administration for Development (CAFRAD), Recognizing further that past and current efforts to develop the technical capabilities of public institutions through administrative reform and management development programmes have not produced results, Appreciating the contributions made by several African Governments, through the United Nations Trust Fund for African Development, which have made it possible to initiate the establishment of subregional graduate schools of business management and finance, - 113 - Appreciating further the efforts made by African Governments in restructuring public services, introducing administrative reforms and building institutions for public service training and management develop­ ment, Convinced that in order to develop self-reliance in management capabilities African States need to co-ordinate their efforts and co­ operate in developing higher- and middle-level institutions for manage­ ment training, research and consultancy, 
analysis: The text appears to be focused on the development of management capabilities in African countries, with an emphasis on education, training, and research in the fields of business management and finance. The language used suggests a desire to promote self-reliance in managerial development efforts and to strengthen public administration and management in African countries. The text also mentions the importance of policy formulation and implementation, as well as the need for more efficient and effective approaches to economic management.