text: support make up an inseparable package. Increased supporE for agrlculture, through restructured institutions and incentives, is the crux of the required domesticpolicy change. Restored levels, and more appropriate and more flexible forms ofofficial assistance constituee the essential external requirements. Domestic orexternal policies alone are each unlikel.y to avert the recurrence of futuredisaster!. There is, therefore, a joint responsibility for securing a betterfuture in Africa.r' 7/ I{otes L/ The lolr-income sub-saharan countries are Benin, Burundi,,. the CentralAfrican Republic, Etbiopia, chana, cuinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, t{adagasqar, l,l,alawi, !4ozambique, Sierra IJeone, Rwanda, Togo, Uganda, Ehe United Republic of Tanzania and Aa i re.A/40/519 English page185 Notes(continued) 11Theseproblems arecommontomostdeveloping countries, andnotonlyto African countries. Inaddition, development economics doesnotyetprovide aclear guideastothebestroutetorapidgrowth anddevelopment underwidelydifferent internal conditions andinthefaceofanunexpected anduncertain external environment. 11FoodandAgriculture Organization oftheUnitedNations, Global Information andEarlyWarning System OnFoodandAgriculture, Special Report (Rome, December 1984),p.1. !IEconomic Commission forAfrica, ECAandAfrica's Development 1983-2008. APreliminary Perspective Study(AddisAbaba,April1983),p.24,andEconomic Commission forAfrica, SurveyofEconomic andSocialConditions intheAfrican LeastDeveloped Countries (E/ECA/LDC/S.4/2) (AddisAbaba, March1984). 21ReportonAfrican Development BankandEconomic Commission forAfrica, Economic Africa 1984(Abidjan andAddisAbaba,1984),p.3. ~., p.47. 2!"proposals for"Action oftheCommittee forDevelopment Planning", Journal ofDevelopment Planning, No.15,(United Nations publication, Sales No.E.85.II.A.6), p.281.A/40/519 English Page186 VIII. MILITARY EXPENDITURES, DISARMAMENT ANDDEVELOPMENT 369.ThefirsthalfoftheThirdUnitedNations Development Decadewitnessed anew phaseofaccelerated growthinworldmilitary expenditures, withdeclining prospects formutually advantageous economic co-operation andwidespread reduction ineconomic growth. Military expenditures consume scarce resources anddivert them fromproductive tonon-productive usesinallcountries. Significant disarmament wouldrelease vastresources, evenafraction ofwhichcouldaccelerate development andtheestablishment ofamoresustainable internationaL economic andpolitical order. Thisimportant possibility hasbeenstressed manytimesbytheGeneral Assembly andespecially atitstenthspecial session. 370.Theeconomic andsocialimplications ofthearmsracefortheglobal economy havebeencomprehensively analysed inanumberofunitedNations studies on disarmament anddevelopment. 1/Inordertoestablish anempirically quantifiable relationship between disarmament anddevelopment, attempts havebeenmadeinthose studies toestimate themagnitude ofrealresources claimed bytheworld-wide military outlays, toassess theopportunity costsofthearmsraceforsocieties at different levelsofdevelopment andwithdifferent economic andsocialsystems, to examine thetechnical feasibility ofconverting armament-related efforts into developmental channels, toproject thedirect andindirect benefits ofdisarmament and,finally, toexamine thepossibilities forsomeinstitutional arrangements to facilitate thetransfer ofdisarmament-related financial resources forthebenefit ofthedeveloping countries. Someofthemainfindings andpolicyimplications of thesestudies areexamined inthepresent section.
analysis: The text appears to be focused on the economic development of Africa, specifically on the relationship between support for agriculture, disarmament, and development. It discusses the need for increased support for agriculture, the importance of joint responsibility for securing a better future, and the economic and social implications of the arms race.