text: 7 radio receivers for every 100 people, the lowest ra.tio of any continent and only a third of the number in South A me rica. The coveraee of television broaccasts is cften limited to small areas of the country, because of inadequate transmission facilities cr the unavailability of electric power for receivers in rural areas within the transmission coverage range. 198. The shcrtaee of adequately trainee personnel becomes ap­ parent in deficiencies in the four critical areas of broaccast­ ing: programme production, administration, planning and engineer­ ing. The construction and eY.tension of training institutions has by no means kept pace with needs for trainee personnel in any of these four fields. 199. A 1 thoueh countries face different specific local ci r­ cumstances and plan their broadcasting systere oevelopment accord­ ingly, several problems are common to most of the region. Financing of capital investment in the sector is a serious problem faced by all African countries. This is due partly to the fact that plans for broadcasting are net co-ordinated with national development plans, anc partly to the fact that broac­casting often falls victim to the need for cutting or postpone­ ment of activities which derives from the scarcity of resources. All African countries wish to extend the coveraee of broadcast services to rural areas, where approYimately 80 per cent of the population lives, 'but progress towarcs this aim has been only moderate, as a result of the high cost of basic facilities. Com­ pletion of PANAFTEL routes will be particularly useful in this respect, since they will proviee direct linkages to rural facilities. Another prerequisite for wider reception in rural areas is greater availability of low-cost receivers; the setting up of national or subregional assembly plants coulc substnatially reduce prices and save valuable foreign eYchange. Recent en­ couraging steps have been taken in this direction. 
analysis: The text discusses the challenges and limitations of broadcasting systems in Africa, including the scarcity of radio receivers, inadequate transmission facilities, and lack of trained personnel. It also touches on the need for financing, infrastructure development, and availability of low-cost receivers to extend broadcasting services to rural areas. Given the focus on the development and limitations of a specific sector (broadcasting), it is likely that the category falls under Transport and Communication, but also has implications for Education and Employment.