text: (a)Governments facingdifficult economic adjustments andbudgetary restrictions takeaIlpossible measures toprevent adeterioration inthefoodand nutrition levelsoflow-income peopleJ (b)International financial institutions, especially theInternational Monetary Fund(IMF),takefoodsecurity andpoverty issuesintoaccount inthe designofadjustment programmes toassistdeveloping countries restoretheir financial andeconomic healthJ (c)Development agencies assistGovernments toidentify economic policy alternatives andimplement effective programmes toprotect andimprove thefood security ofthepoor. 39.Finally, theMinieters strongly ernphasize thatasignificant reduction inthe numberofundernourished peopleinthe1990srequires somereorientation ofcurrent development priorities andpolicies tomeetthemultiple objectives ofgrowth, equity, self-reliance, improved efficiency andproductivity, withaviewto bringing aboutmoreequitable participation ofaIlpeopleindevelopment; changes inproduction patterns, including greater emphasis onlabour-intensive technologies andonsmallfarmers asamajorsourceoffoodsecurity andemployment generation; -8-country-s statesec judicious 40.The fundamenta 41.The advocate theelimin hungerwil WOrldBank comprehens fosterhun generation self-relia reducechr 42.Ther asitaffe highlighte contracted severebur thesecoun andsocial unrestin expansion food-imper pulicies s socialdev 43.World However, h countries commodity requisite agricultur countries mighthind 44.TheM bycompati basisfor countries stableacc wouldfoll 45.Regar forintern year.A n subsidiescountry-specifie decisions ontherespective rolesoftheprivate, co-operativ~ and statesectors inhunger-focused foodanddevelopment effortsJ and,inmany cases~ judicious population policies. 40.TheMinisters recognize thatrealization oftheseobjectives mayrequire fundamental changes, whicharetheprerogative ofsovereign nations. 41.TheMinisters consider theroleoftheCouncil tobethatofanuntiring advocate forthepoorandhungry. Theyre-emphasize thattherenewed commitment to theelimination ofhungerandmalnutrition mustnotbecome emptyrhetoric, or hungerwillbeperpetuated formanydecades tocome. Theytherefore invitethe WOrldBank,UNDP,FAO,IFAD,WFP,ILOandotherdevelopment agencies toundertake a comprehensive assessment ofthesocial, economic andadministrative factors which fosterhunger-reducing development patterns, particularly thosewhichfavour income generation, increased production bysmallfarmers andherders, people's self-reliance andotheractions thatcouldsubstantially improve foodsecurity and reducechronic undernutrition. v.EXTERNAL ECONOMIC CONSTRAINTS ONMEETING FOODOBJECTIVES 42.ThereviewoftheCouncil oftheinternational financial andtradesituation, asitaffects· developing countries' capacities forresolving theirfoodproblems, highlighted several veryserious issues. Ontheonehand,largeexternal debts contracted atfloating interest ratesduringthemidandlate1970sareimposing a severeburdenontheireconomies. Eventhoughmonetary adjustments inmostof thesecountries aregenerating important tradesurpluses, thisisathighpolitical andsocialcost,including growing hunger andmalnutrition anàtheriskofsocial unrestinmanycountries. Adjustment policies needtoallowforbothdomestic expansion anddebtservicing, including accommodation ofessential production and food-import programmes. Inthesamemanner,itwasstressed thattheseadjustment pûlicies shouldhaveastheirmedium- andlong-term objective theeconomic and socialdevelopment ofthesecountries. 43.Worldtradehasgrownagainover1984,aftertwoyearsofcontraction. However, highunemployment andhighly-protected farming inmanyindustrialized countries continue toplacepressure 9nGovernments torestrict manufactured and commodity imports andsubsidize exports. Allcountries shoulddemonstrate the requisite political willbyrefraining fromcreating tariffobstacles to agricultural imports, especially thosefromdeveloping countries. Exporting
analysis: The text discusses the challenges faced by governments and international organizations in addressing hunger and malnutrition, particularly in developing countries. It highlights the importance of economic development, food security, and poverty reduction, and emphasizes the need for sustainable and equitable solutions. The text also touches on the impact of external economic constraints, such as debt and trade policies, on the ability of countries to meet their food objectives.