text: 11 27 65 36 99 53 8320.4 10.7 23.9 9.6 15.3 18.5 10.7 6.4 3.3 2.3 6.2 12.2 12.2 11.0 11.925.4 16.5 29.5 15.8 22.5 23.5 15.5 14.2 10.4 8.4 14.2 13.2 18.3 16.0 11.1 Source: Calculated fromUnitedNations commodity tradedata. ~IStandard International TradeClassification (SITC,revised), Statistical Papers, Series M,No.34 (United Nations publication, SalesNo.E.61.XVII.6): SITe5+6+7+8+9-68. ~ILessthan1percent.Table5..oftheCouncil forMutualExports ofmember countr1es Economic Assistance, 1980-1988 USSR German Democratic Republic Czechoslovakia Cuba Hungary Bulgaria Poland Romania1988 (Billions of USdollars) 110.7 27.8 27.8 6.2 19.0 17.4 13.5 13.1Average annual realgrowth rate, 1980-1987 (percentage) 4.0 6.4 6.4 -8.5 1.2 6.0 -1.8 1.0 Source; GATTInternational Trade, 1988-1989 (Geneva, 1989), vol.II. Developments inWorldTrade. TableA2. Table6.Exports frommember countries oftheCouncil forMutual Economic Assistance, byshareofdestination, 1988 Developed Eastern market DevelopingFrom/to Europe USSR economies countries Other Eastern Europe 23 38 27 8 5 USSR 4922 14 15- ',' -16-60.Thegrowthofintra-regional tradewasrapidinLatinAmerica inthe1960sand 1970sbuthasbeenslowinalldeveloping regions exceptEastAsiainthe1980s. Apparently, fordeveloping countries wishing toexploit comparative advantage, the greatest trading opportunities arebetween countries withdifferent resource endowments. Thus,withinEastAsia,therehavebeengrowing opportunities forraw material exports totherapidly industrializing countries oftheregion. Some exportsoflabour-intensive manufactures gofromthepoorer, lowwage,countries to ~osewithrapidly growing incomes (table7). Table7.Growthofintra-regional merchandise exports, 1980-1987 Africa SouthAsia EastAsia(excluding Japan) Western Europe MiddleEast LatinAmerica andCaribbean Eastern Europe andUSSR NorthAmericaAverage annualreal 1987 growthrate, (Billions of 1980-1987 USdollars) (percentage) 5 0.9 1 1.2 106 14.0 904 5.6 6 -4.5 15 -4.1 128 5.6 151 6.4 61.Thegrowthof andNorthAmerica: oftradegrowth.intra-regional tradehasalsobeenrapidwithin Western Europe thereintra-industry tradeinmanufacturing wasthemainsource 62.Tradedgoodsknownooriginordestination. International monetary arrangements madethemultilateral settlement oftradebalances possible soonafter theSecondWorldWar,despite fixedexchange rates. Morerecently, flexible exchange ratesandliberal credit flowshavefurther facilitated multilateral trade flows. 63.Theimportance ofmarkets forexports ofmanufactures fromthedeveloping countries tothedeveloped market economies isillustrated intable8. -17-Table8.1realgrowth oftradeinAverage annua . dbetween developed market econom~e6 an countries, 1965-1987manufactures ~I developing Exports fromdeveloping countries to:Current prices, 1987 (Billions of USdollars)Average annual realgrowth rate (percentage) 1980-1987 1965-1987 Developed market economies Developing economies Exports fromdeveloped market economies to: Developed market economies
analysis: The text appears to be discussing the topic of international trade, focusing on the growth of intra-regional trade, trade between developed and developing countries, and the role of markets in facilitating trade. The text also touches on the economic development of specific regions and countries. The data presented is primarily statistical, with tables and figures showing the growth of trade and exports between different regions and countries.