text: intake of over a quarter of the present population is below the critical minimum limit. In spite of the concerted efforts of FAO, WFP and WFC, reinforced by the repeated appeals of the Secretary-General of the United Nations for assistance in favour of the most seriously affected countries, aid has not yet arrived on anything like the scale necessary to defuse permanently the African food crisis. The situation in 1985 is still precarious. About 40 per cent of the known pledges for food aid have not been received. Furthermore, there are frequent serious delays in delivery of food aid owing to the lack of adequate logistic support to effect distribution within the countries affected. 3. The emergency and rehabilitation needs in 1985 for the 21 critically affected countries (13 of which are among the least developed countries) with expected poor harvests are estimated at $2 billion (provisional). The identified needs for international support include the food-aid gap as of 15 January ($435.8 million), emergency water supplies ($30.7 million), c/ transport of food aid ($769.2 million), resettlement of displaced populations ($101.2 million), supplementary feeding ($292.2 million), essential health services ($191.6 million) d/ and urgent rehabilitation of food-growing land and livestock ($164.2 million), e/ 4. The needs of the various survival programmes of rehabilitation should be addressed with urgency. There should be no doubt that efforts to resuscitate the African economy as a whole will critically depend on the immediate success of the rehabilitation and revitalization of the African agricultural sector. Specific emphasis should, therefore, be given to incentive measures to increase immediately food and agricultural production and productivity as well as to the development of water resource infrastructures. Of crucial importance, other secondary and tertiary sectors (industry, transport, financial and administrative services) should be simultaneously revamped in a fully defined framework of rehabilitation -37-
analysis: The text primarily focuses on the crisis of food availability and the need for humanitarian aid in Africa. It discusses the estimated needs for international support, including food aid, emergency water supplies, and rehabilitation of food-growing land and livestock. The text also highlights the importance of addressing the needs of the agricultural sector and other secondary and tertiary sectors to revitalize the African economy.