text: theConvention orcontravenes lawsorregulations adopted bythecoastal Statein conformity withtheConvention andotherrulesofinternational lawnot incompatible withtheConvention. 8.Thecontinental Shelf 215.UndertheConvention ontheLawoftheSea,thecontinental shelfofacoastal Statecomprises thesea-bed andSUbsoil ofthesubmarine areasthatextend beyond thelimitoftheterritorial seathroughout thenatural prolongation ofitsland territory, ortoadistance of200milesfromthebaselines fromWhichthe territorial seaismeasured. 216.Wherethecontinental shelfextends beyond 200miles, acoastal Statemay choosetodetermine theouteredgeofitscontinental margineither by (a)reference totheoutermost fixedpointsateachofWhichthethickness of sedimentary rocksisatleast1percentoftheshortest distance fromsuchpoint tothefootofthecontinental slopeor(b)alineconnecting fixedpointsnotmore than60milesfromthefootofthecontinental slope. InsuchcaseStheouter limitsofthecontinental shelfmaynotextend beyond 350milesfromthebaselines I...A/40/535 English Page61 or100milesfromthe2,500-m isobath. Coastal Statesshallestablish tbe definitive limitsofthecontinental shelfonthebasisofrecommendations bya Commission ontheLimitsoftheContinental Shelf. 217.Thecoastal Statehassovereign rightsforthepurpose ofexploring and exploiting thenatural resources ofthecontinental shelf. Theserightsdonot affectthelegalstatusofthewatersorthatoftheairspace abovethecontinental shelf. Thusthefreedoms ofnavigation andoverflight havenotbeenaffected by theregimeofthecontinental shelf. 9.HighSeas 218.Thehighseasareallpartsoftheseathatarenotincluded intheexclusive economic zone,theterritorial Seaortheinternal watersofaStateorinthe archipelagic watersofanarchipelagic State. OnthehighseasallStates enjoy thefreedoms ofnavigation andoverflight; thefreedom tolaysubmarine cables and pipelines andtoconstruct artificial islands andotherinstallations; andthe freedom offishing andofscientific research. Thenewregimeforthesea-bed and subsoil beyondnational jurisdiction -identified intheConvention asthe Area-doesnotaffectthelegalstatusofthehighseas. 10.Enforcement measures 219.Acoastal Stateisentitled tota~ecertain measures toenforceitslawsand regulations applicable tothevarious maritime zonesfalling underits jurisdiction. Forinstance, awarship mayberequired toleavetheterritorial sea immediately ifitfailstocomplywiththelawsandregulations ofthecoastal Stateconcerning passage through theterritorial sea. 220.Inthecontiguous zone- azonewhichmaynotextend beyond 24milesfromthe baselines fromwhichthebreadth oftheterritorial seaismeasured - acoastal statemayexercise thecontrol necessary toprevent infringement ofitscustoms, fiscal, immigration orsanitary lawsandregulations withinitsterritory or territorial sea,andalsotopunishinfringements ofsuchlawsandregulations committed within.itsterritory orterritorial seas. 221.Intheexercise Ofitssovereign rightsoverthelivingresources inthe exclusive economic zone,thecoastal Stateisempowered underarticle 73ofthe Convention totakeawiderangeofenforcement measures. Theyinclude boarding, inspection, arrest andjudicial proceeding. Inthisrespect thecoastal Statehas certain obligations. Arrested vessels andtheircrewsmustbereleased promptly upontheposting ofreasonable bondandsecurity. Moreover, thepenalties for violating fisheries lawsandregulations maynotinclude, intheabsence of agreement, imprisonment orotherformofcorporal punishment. Thecoastal Stateis alsounderadutytonotifytheflagStateofanyactiontakenorpenalty imposed inthematter. /...A/40/535 English Page62 222.Acoastal Statemayadoptlawsandregulations intheexclusive economic zone inordertocombatpollution fromvessels. Suchlawsandregulations mustconform andgiveeffecttogenerally accepted international rulesandstandards. The coastal Stateisentitled totakecertain measureS toenforce theselaws.In particular, avessel mayberequired togiveinformation regarding itsidentity and portofregistry, itslastandnextportofcallandsoonwherethereareclear grounds forbelieving thatthevesselhasviolated thepollution lawsand regulations ofthecoastal State. Incasesinwhichtheviolation results inmajor damage, thecoastal Statemaydetainthevessel andinstitute proceedings against it. 223.Aforeign shipmaybepursued onthehighseasifthecoastal Statehasgood reasonforbelieving thattheshiphasViolated thelawsandregulations enacted by
analysis: The text appears to be discussing the rights and responsibilities of coastal states regarding the exploration and exploitation of natural resources, as well as the regulation of activities in various maritime zones. It also touches on the topic of enforcement measures and the prevention of pollution. Given the focus on natural resources, maritime zones, and environmental concerns, it is likely that the text falls under the categories of natural resources and environment, and possibly also agriculture, forestry and fishing.