text: fnternational Youth Year, and the inplementat ion of its Specific programme of Measures and Activities, appears to have had a constructive impact in both the areas discuss€d above: in art.iculating the aspiragions of the young, and in advocating the need of a specific identity for young people all over the world.A/40 /7 0L Engl i sh Page 5 13. In several parts of the uorld, the activists of lhe participatory lxrvements inthe I950s and earl.y 1970s sere often university students, and their causes, usuallydirected at the purpose and function of society, were frequently perceived asidealistic. Apart from occaslonal novements, 6uch political activism appears to be less prevalent now and seems to have been replaced by the broader movenents described above. There appears to have been a commensurate shift in tactlca, fromdirect confrontation to a less confrontational and more coalesced activism, usingpolitical and legal channels to acbi.eve eel1 speclfied objectives. TheInternational Youth Year has doubtless done much to clear these channel,s. Consequently, on lhe part of covernments, there appears to be nore sensitivity to the variety of values and concerns which these particlpatory movements reflect, nore understanding of the social implications of certain decisions, and less tendency to adopt purely sectoral approaches to problems. The year has indeed done much to emphasize the mul ti -di nens ional nature of youth affairs. 14. Economic, social and potitical parlici.pation through the mobilization of the populace for the achievement of collective goals, are essential elements in thestructure and functioning of some societies. In certain cases, participatory forces lend to be guided by @vernments, in order to organize them for the implementation of national policy, AtCempts have been made to decentralize some governmental controls, and participation is encouraged at the loca1 level for solving local problems within the context of collective goals. Among variousparticipatory groups working towards speclfic fnternational Youth Year prograomes,
analysis: The text discusses the impact of the International Youth Year on social and political movements, highlighting the shift from direct confrontation to more collaborative and coalesced activism. It also mentions the importance of participatory forces and decentralization in solving local problems. These themes suggest a strong connection to the social and political spheres, rather than economic or environmental issues.