text: long-term maintenance ofwatersupplyandsanitation systems, andthatwomenshould beinvolved inwatermanagement (including pumpmaintenance) alongwithmen. 24.Delegations pointed outthatexpenditures forwatersupplyandsanitation had dropped to21percentin1985asagainst 28percentin1983and1984,while -5- expenditures inchildhealth hadrisensteadily from23percentin1980to 30percentin1985(seealsoparas. 56and58below). Essential drugs 25.Several Boardmembers welcomed thenewsthatUNICEF andWHOplanned toissuea jointstatement onacuterespiratory infections (ARI),stressing theimportance of essential drugs. Theyexpressed concern aboutthelackofaneffective diagnosis andtreatment forARIandinadequate information onthesubject. Problems involving iron,iodine andvitamin Adeficiencies werealsocited. 26.Somedelegations reported thattheavailability ofessential drugsencouraged theuseofservices provided byhealthsystems, andthatsuchdrugswereespecially important forhealthcentres inremoteruralareas. 27.AnumberofBoardmembers praised theefforts beingmadetoreducetheprice ofessential drugs,especially through theshifttolocalproduction, whichreduced costandtransport expenses andsimplified service andmaintenance. Familyplanning 28.Several delegations emphasized theimportance oftherelationship between population anddevelopment. ItwasfeltbymanythatUNICEFshouldplayalarger rolewithregardtofamilyplanning, educating menaswellaswomen. Family planning measures should beincluded intheprovision ofhealthservices for infants andchildren, anditwasfeltthatfamilyplanning couldeasily becombined withmaternal andchildhealth (MCH)services. 29.Theviewwasexpressed thatareduction ininfantmortality wouldleadto lowerbirthrates. Healthy children borntohealthy mothers wouldreducetheneed forlargefamilies, thereby helping tosolvethepopulation problem. Education andtraining 30.Itwasfeltthatinordertoenableindividuals indevelopin~ countries to helpthemselves, theymustbeeducated. Theproblems oflong-term development should bemadeknowntoawiderpublic. 31.Several delegations notedthatchildsurvival depended onthelevelof maternal education andknowledge, whichenabled mothers toprovid~' children with essential care,plantheirfamilies andunderstand thebenefits o~birth~spacing. Womenwhowerebettereducated wouldtakebettercareofthemselves andtheir children. Improved education wouldmakewomenmoreawareofthei'rvitalrolein childdevelopment. Somedelegations notedwithsatisfaction thatthemedium-term plancalledforcontinued support toeducation forwomen.Itwasrequested that education andtraining receive thesameattention thathadbeengiventoreducing infantandchildmortality. 32.Somedelegations expressed theirappreciation ofUNICEFsupport inthefields ofeducation, massliteracy andnon-formal education. Itwasrequested thattnthe context ofchildsurvival anddevelopment, thepriorities shouldinclude attention tojuvenile delinquency andtopre-school andprimary education. 33.Thetraining ofhealthworkers, especially atthecountry level, wascitedby anumberofdelegations asakeyelement ofPHC.Thetraining oftraditional birth attendants wasSeentobeofparticular importance. -6- Monitoring andevaluation 34.Theintensification ofmonitoring andevaluation activities, mentioned inthe Executive Director's report, waswelcomed, butexamples oftheconcrete results to whichthereportreferred wererequested. Itwasfeltthatevaluations shouldbe anintegral partoftheformulation ofeverycountry programme. Inaddition, it wasfeltthatevaluation activities shouldbeexpanded atboththecountry and regional levels. However, manydelegations expressed theimportance theyattached totheevaluation ofprojects atallstagesofexecution, andtheystrongly encouraged UNICEFtostrengthen itsmonitoring andevaluation capacity, asagreed atthe1985Boardsession. Several delegations mentioned theimportance of monitoring andevaluation fordetermining thelong-term permanent impactof programmes, especially EPI. 35.Delegations requested reporting oftheactualeffects ofactivities, including thelesspositive results, inordertodetermine theirvalue.Itwouldthenbe possible tochange, wherenecessary, thedirection ofprogrammes. Somedelegations statedthattheyintended topaycloserattention toUnitedNations programmes in
analysis: The text discusses various aspects of development, particularly in the context of health, education, and humanitarian aid. It highlights the importance of essential drugs, family planning, and education in promoting child survival and development. The text also touches on the need for monitoring and evaluation of programs. Given the focus on human development and humanitarian aid, I hypothesize that the text is most closely related to Health, Education, and Humanitarian Aid and Relief.