text: as developing countries. Participation In such program­ mes should Include not only scientists and technologists but also high-level pol Icy-makers. planners and managers. b) Such seminars should progressively deal with specific Issues such as techniques of evaluation of plans and strategies, modes of Internal and external S&T financing, role of emerging technologies. and comparative analysis of typical S&T pol lcles and plans for development. c) Information systems aimed at securing the necessary knowledge for pol Icy-making should be establIshed. d) Sustained support should be provided by concerned International organizations In these efforts; a higher level of expertise than currently provided should be made available to the developing countries from the most appropriate sources available. Prefernces should be given to the national expertise whenever possible. e) In case of countries where constraints of scale some­ times do not permit elaborate S&T pol lcles, plans and mechanisms, the national centres created for promotion and performance of R&D could progressively be stren­ gthened to undertake S&T pol Icy-making and planning functions. 2. Stlmulotlpn pf Interest In S&T ppllcles JIDd plans a) Popular support for national S&T policies Is an essen­tial element In achieving success and obtaining feed­ back for further Improvement. Hence popularization of 30-4. science and technology especially at the grass-root level through Innovative mechanisms should be promoted. b) Adequate Incentives should be given to scientists. Indu­ stries and consumers to encourage their participation In the effective Imp Jementatlon of S&T policies; and to obtain an optimum balance between Import and endogenous generation of technologies. c) Issues of S&T pol Jcles as a basis of endogenous capacity building should be highlighted In the International forums Including the Intergovernmental meetings of na­ tional leaders. 3. pevel0pm§Di and tmpro~Bment of methodQIQ~ a) The development of methodologies for formulation of S&T 
analysis: The text appears to be focused on the development and implementation of science and technology policies in developing countries, with the goal of promoting economic growth and development. The language used is technical and policy-oriented, indicating a focus on the governance and management of scientific and technological advancements.