text: of the court or of someone other than the owner, for example by the appointment of a custodian or by giving judicial notice to the person in possession of it that he is not to dispose of it- Although seize and seizure can, subject to what is said at the end of section 14(i) below, be used to translate any of the French and Spanish words referred to above, the other English terms mentioned have specific meanings and are more appropriate in certain circumstances, as explained below. In the following remarks, except where "money creditor" is mentioned, "creditor" means not only a person to whom money is owed but one to whom any obligation is owed (by contract, by law, in tort or otherwise, i.e. a person claiming satisfaction of any demand or judgement). "Debtor" should be understood accordingly. "Judgement" is to be understood as meaning "judgement, injunction or other judicial order". 1. Arrest (noun and verb) The judicial seizure, on the application of a creditor, of a ship, other vessel or aircraft belonging to the debtor, or of its cargo, for the 1/ Examples of quasi-judicial or extrajudicial seizures are a saisie effected through a cantonal office des poursuites in Switzerland, various forms of distress and receivership in England (see 4, and 14. respectively) and some forms of s ais J e-exé cu t ion, saisie foraine and saisie-gagerie in France. 2/ As for instance where a ship has caused damage and can therefore be the subject of an action in rem. ¿/ In English law, where a number of ships are owned beneficially by one Individiual but legally by separate companies, one of which is technically the debtor, they can all be arrested, but this is unusual. - 1149 -
analysis: The text appears to be discussing legal concepts related to property seizure and possession, specifically in the context of international law and trade. It mentions various forms of seizure, such as arrest and saisie, and explains the meanings of related terms like "creditor" and "debtor". The text also touches on the concept of jurisdiction and the application of laws in different countries. Given the focus on legal concepts and international trade, it is likely that the text falls under the categories related to economic development or international trade.