text: them In till lng the lend, to cut ~rees for building end fuel. They had to fight diseases, with the help of persons with enough seriousness end patience to study the curative properties of herbs. From cow's milk they readily made butter and ghee. Because of frequent tribal wars, people had to learn to manuf•c­ ture weapons to defend themselves. They had learnt to Identify Iron ore and the er~ of smelting Iron, a development which gave rise to the manufacture of arrows, spears. axe, various forms of knives, hoes. etc. Here was soclety.of simple people but -seriously determined, hard working end self rei lent. While men were developing defensive weapons and other household mechanical gadgets their women were engaged In various homecreft such as making pots, plates, ·spoons, etc. All these things required adequate planning, Intel llgent Implementation, dedication and Industrious mind. In short they developed a culture for survival and advancement. Educational Planning and Management after Independence : had from were Since Independence In 1961, the United Republic of Tanzania taken steps to reorganize Its educational system Inherited the British administration. Two major education pol fetes Introduced In the first decade. The 1961-66 period saw the Presented by ladlslaus Merljanf 221 the Integration of schools, Introduction of uniform curricula and development of education for manpower requirements. In 1967 the country's pol ltlcal, educational and social activities were given new bearing by the announcement of Arusha Dclaratlon on Social Ism and Self-Rei lance. Immediately thereafter President Nyerere Issued a paper on Education for Self-Reliance CESR). This paper became the basis of alI major educational changes In the country. In Implementing Education for self-reliance the 1969 Education Act {now replaced by the Education Act of 1978) was Introduced. In 1972 the Decentral lzatlon Pol Icy affected the structure of the 
analysis: The text primarily discusses the development of a society and its educational system, highlighting the importance of self-reliance, hard work, and resourcefulness. It also touches on the development of skills and technologies, such as manufacturing weapons and household items, and the introduction of new policies and acts related to education.