text: The use of OUT—either by ORS or a recommended home fluid—saved an estimated 750,000 young lives last year. At the end of 1987, almost one in three episodes of child diarrhoea was treated with CRT in health facilities or at home. Use of ORT was highest in Latin America where 35 per cent of all cases were treated with ORT, and lowest in Africa (15 per cent). The global target for ORT use by 1990 is 50 per cent. UNICEF offices give extensive sup- port to the improvement of diarrhoea management within health facilities and at home. Within health facilities this support has included: » the improvement of national CDD action plans and/or treatment guidelines (Brazil, Democratic Yemen, Ethiopia, Guatemala, Kenya, Mali, Mexico, Mozam- bique, Namibia, Nepal, Niger, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Tunisia, Yemen Arab Republic, Zambia);» improvements in ORS supply and distribution in non-producer coun- tries (Botswana, Cameroon, Chad, Lao Peopled Democratic Republic, Mongolia, Somalia, Sudan, Ugan- da), and in those countries where local production fell short of needs (Algeria, Iran, Mauritius, Morocco, Myanmar, Pakistan, Viet Nam, Zambia, Zaire); » the establishment of diarrhoea training units (DTUS) and ORT cor- ners for training health workers at central and peripheral levels (Bang- ladesh, Bhutan, Botswana, Burun- di, Cameroon, Colombia, Com- oros, Democratic Yemen, Ethiopia, Guatemala, India, Madagascar, Malawi, Mongolia, Nepal, Paki- stan, Philippines, Rwanda, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swazi- land, Uganda, Viet Nam, Yemen Arab Republic, Zambia, Zimbab- we); » efforts to curb the inappropriate use of antibiotics and anti- diarrhocal drugs. In Nigeria, the use of public funds for the purchase of anti-diarrhoeals is forbidden, and similar steps have been taken in Ethiopia, India, Jordan, Pakistan and some other countries, UNICEF offices in the MENA region have been especially active in this area (Iraq, Jordan, Syrian Arab Repub-
analysis: The text discusses the use of Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) and its impact on child mortality, with a focus on global targets, country-specific initiatives, and UNICEF's support. The text highlights the importance of ORT in treating diarrhoea, a major cause of child mortality, and the efforts made by UNICEF to improve diarrhoea management in health facilities and at home. The text does not mention economic development, natural resources, agriculture, industry, transport, communication, international trade, employment, culture, or science and technology.