text: do not so rnuch confer nen polrers on the pollce, as a new way of exercisng rhem. The cornblned etfect of franing the discreEj.on of pol1ce officials tn a subjectlve forn, of lllrLrlng legal llablltty of rhe securiry forces, of curtailLn8 the nedia and the coults, of empowerlng rank and flle ne&bers \.ith a dlscretlon previously reserved for offlcers, serves to free the securlty forces from supervislon and accouotabllity. 12.4.0 l,loreover, the security forces seldorn, if ever, use emergency powers and appear to rely on their 'ordlnary! poll.ce posers to seerch,A/44/963 English Page19 itshallnoebenecessary fortheMinister togiveoralevidence. All thatisrequired toprovethatnecessary opinion wasformedisan affidavit madebytheperson whoalleges thathewastheMinister of LawandOrderatthattimewhensuchstepswereconsidered andtaken andthathewasoftheopinion thatsuchstepswerenecessary forthe safetyofthepublic, themaintenance ofpublicorderorthetermination oftheStateofEmergency. Thisaffidavit orpurported affidavit made bytheMinister orsomeone alleging thatheistheMinister shall, lion itsmereproduction atthesaidproceedings byanyperson, beaccepted asconclusive proofof~hefactsstatedtherein". Thisregulation has theeffectoffreeing theMinister fromproperexplanations incourt. Itprotects himfromeverbavingtobecross-examined onhowheapplied hismindinexercising hisvastpowersundertheregulations. Itgoes further thanr.It:itimplies thattheaffidavit orpurported affidavit doesnotevenhavetobemadebytheMinister ofLawandOrder. Itcan bemadebyaperson whosimplyalleges thatheistheMinister ofLaw andOrderanditcannot bequestioned. Thisregulation appears tohave beenintroduced toavoidproblems experienced bytheStateinprosecutions instituted against ex-detainees whoeither escaped fromdetention orwho. theStatealleged. hadcontravened restriction orde~s. 12.3.0 Ananalysis oftheEmergency Regulations reveals thatthey donotsomuchconfer newpowers onthepolice, asanewwayofexercisng them.Thecombined effectofframing thediscretion ofpoliceofficials inasubjective form,oflimiting legalliability ofthesecurity forces, ofcurtailing themediaandthecourts. ofempowering rankandfile members withadiscretion preViously reserved forofficers. serves tofree thesecurity forces fromsupervision andaccountability. 12.4.0 Moreover. thesecurity forces seldom, ifever,useemergency powersandappeartorelyontheir'ordinary lpolice powers tosearch. I••. Digitized by Dag Hammarskjöld Library^J 44/ 963 Engltsh Paga 20 seize and arresE. where energency porrers have been used' iE has been !o exclude lavyers o! journalists fron 'unrestt sicuatloosor fuoerals. The State of Eurergency is only used agalnst the Pollrlcal ectivities of Natignal Liberaclon Movenents and deEoctaELc organlsalj.ons and oever agalnsE the vlgilante and rlght sing groubs. ll.5.O lt ls the PubLLc Sifet.' Aci (PSA) thlch enabl€s the declaratlon of a State of Emergency (SoE), grants even lJlder and more
analysis: The text appears to be discussing the emergency powers and regulations of a government, specifically the ability of the Minister of Law and Order to declare a State of Emergency and the powers granted to security forces during this state. The text highlights the concerns around the lack of accountability and the potential for abuse of power by the security forces. The text does not seem to be related to economic development, natural resources, or any of the other categories listed.