text: governed allaspects ofthearbi~ral proceedings, itwasagreedthattheparagraph should bepresented inaseparat~ article. . * * * Article 23.Statements ofclaim:anddefence 195.Thetextofarticle 23asconsidered bytheCommission wasasfollows: "(1)Withintheperiodoft~meagreed bytheparties ordetermined bythe arbitral tribunal, theclai~ant shallstatethefactssupporting hisclaim, thepointsatissueandthe:relieforremedysought, andtherespondent shall statehisdefence inrespec~ oftheseparticulars. Theparties mayannexto theirstatements alldocume\1ts theyconsider toberelevant ormay add a reference tothedocuments protherevidence theywillsubmit. "(2)Unlessotherwise agree~ bytheparties, eitherpartymay amend or supplement hisclaimordefence duringthecourseofthearbitral proceedings, unlessthearbitral tribunal considers itinappropriate toallowsuch amendment havingregardtothedelayinmakingitorprejudice totheother partyoranyother circumst~nces.n Paragraph (1) 196.TheCommission wasagreedtnatparagraph (1)expressed abasicprinciple of arbitral procedure fromwhich th~parties shouldnotbeabletoderogate butthat thespecific rulesofprocedure ~nrespect ofthestatements .ofclaimanddefence should besubject tothe.agreement oftheparties. Itwaspointed outthatthe procedure provided inparagraph :(1)wasnotentirely consistent withtheprocedure insomeinstitutional arbitratioh rules. TheCommission decided toexpress the distinction between themandatory natureoftheprinciple expressed in .paragraph (1) and thenon-mandatpry natureoftheprocedural rulesbyaddingtothe endofthefirstsentence wordsalongthelinesof"unless theparties have otherwise agreedonthecontents: and f·orm ofsuchstatements". 197.Itwasalsonotedthatthe~erb"annex" contained inthesecondsentence of paragraph (1)mightbeinterpreted torequire astatement ofclaimordefence -38-alwaystobeinwriting. TheCommission, beinginagreement thatthatwasnotthe intended interpretation, referred themattertotheDrafting Group. Paragraph (2) 198.Different viewswereexpressed astothepowerofthearbitral tribunal to allowanamendment ofastatement ofclaimordefence. Underoneview,theparties shouldnotbeprevented fromamending theirstatements ofclaimordefence since anylimitation inthatrespect wouldbecontrary totheirrighttopresent their case. Underthatviewafullstopshould beplacedafterthewords"arbitral proceedings". Recognizing thatalateamendment mightcausedelayinthe proceedings, itwassuggested thattheappropriate wayofdealing withtheproblem was byapportioning thecostsoftheproceedings orbydeciding ontheissues presented ingoodtimeinapartial awardandpostponing thesettlement ofthe remaining issues. 199.However, undertheprevailing viewthearbitral tribunal shouldhavea power nottoallowamendments tothestatement ofclaimordefence undercertain circumstances. Several viewswereexpressed astohowthescopeofthatpower should bedelimited. Underoneview,whichreceived considerable support, the entiretextofparagraph (2)should beretained becauseitprovided appropriate guarantees against delayinarbitral proceedings whileallowing sufficient flexibility injustified cases. Underanother view,thewords"anyother circumstances" weretoovagueandshouldeither bereplaced bythewords"anyother relevant circumstances" ordeleted. Underyetanother view,thedesired precision couldbeachieved onlybydeletion ofthewords"orprejudice totheotherparty" aswellsinceitwasnotclearwhatkindofprejudice wasmeant. 200.TheCommission adopted thelatterviewanddecided todeletethewords"or prejudice totheotherpartyoranyothercircumstances". Counter-claim 201.Asuggestion was made toadd aprovision, eitherinarticle 23orinanother appropriate place,thatanyprovision ofthemodel law referring totheclaimwould apply,mutatis mutandis, toacounter-claim. ItwasagreedthattheCommission wouldconsider thematterafterithadcompleted itsconsideration oftheentire draftmodellaw.Thesubsequent decision inrespect ofcounter-claims isreflected1It belowinparagraph 327. * * * Article 24.Hearings andwritten proceedings 202.Thetextofarticle 24asconsidered bytheCommission wasasfollows: "(1)SUbject toanycontrary agreement bytheparties, thearbitral tribunal shalldecidewhether toholdoralhearings orwhether theproceedings shallbe
analysis: This text appears to be related to the establishment of rules and procedures for international arbitration, which is a legal and administrative process. It discusses specific articles and paragraphs of a model law, outlining the principles and guidelines for arbitration proceedings. The text does not seem to be related to economic development, natural resources, agriculture, forestry, fishing, industry, transport, communication, international trade, health, education, employment, humanitarian aid, or culture.