text: UNITED NATIONS A General Assembly Distr. GENERAL 11./45/6 (Prog.13) 2lMay1990 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH Biji Forty-fifth session£'ET 7 PROPOSED MEDIUM-TERM PLANFORTHEPERIOD 1992-1991* MAJOR PROGRAMME IV.INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION FORDEVELOPMENT Programme 13.International Trade CONTENTS Paragraphs A.Programme 13.1-13..18 3 1.General orientation .•..•...•..•....•.........•.•.•... 13.1-13.6 3 2.Overall strategy •.•..••.•....••.•....•..•............ 13.1-13.16 5 3.Subprogramme structure andpriorities .•.............. 13.11-13.18 1 B.Subprogrammes ...•........•...••..••.•....•..•......•..... 13.19-13.98 8 1. 2.Protectionism andmarket access Structural adjustment andtradeexpansion .13.19-13.22 13.23-13.268 10 3.Cross-sectoral issues................................. 13.21-13.30 12 4.Transfer oftechnology ....•.....•.•.•.•.•...•....•... 13.31-13.34 13 *Thepresent document contains programme 13oftheproposed medium-term planfortheperiod 1992-1991. Thecomplete medium-term planwillsubsequently be issuedinfinalprinted formasOfficial Records oftheGeneral Assembly, Forty-fifth Session, Supplement No.6(A/45/6/Rev.1). 90-12981 1662b(E) Digitized by Dag Hammarskjöld LibraryCONTENTS (continued) 5.Trade amongcountries havingdifferent economic and social systems.•.•.................................... 6.Commodities ....•.•.•................................ ·· 7.Economic co-operation amongdeveloping countries . 8.Maritime andmultimodal transport . 9.Datamanagement andtradefacilitation .Paragrap-hs ~ 13.35 -13.3815 13.39-13.43 17 13.44-13.50 19 13.51-13.57 23 13.58-13.69 27 10.Institutional infrastructure, including business organizations fortradepromotion andexport development .•.•.•.•.•.•......•..............•....•.... 13.70 -13.76 30 11.Product andmarket research, development andpromotion 13.77-13.85 31 12.Import operations andtechniques .............•...•.... 13.86 -13.92 33 13.Humanresources development fortradepromotion 13.93 -13.98 35 -2- " Digitized by Dag Hammarskjöld LibraryPROGRAMME 13.INTERNATIONAL TRADE A.Programme 1.Geperal orientation 13.1International tradeasavehicle ofinternational co-operation andasan agentofdevelopment willcontinue tobeofimportance inthe1990s. Thebeginning oftheperiodwillhaveseentheconclusion oftheUruguay Roundofmultilateral tradenegotiations, covering abroadrangeofsUbjects extending beyond the traditional tradeliberalization issues. TheNorthAmerican bilateral trade agreement willhavebecome fullyoperational, andtheEuropean Economic Community (EEC)single marketwillhavebeencompleted. Theprocess ofeconomic reformin Eastern Europe couldleadtothegreater integration ofthecountries ofthis regionintheworldeconomy. Important newcomers areappearing onthe international trading scene, including thefast-growing exporters ofmanufactures. Theinternational trading framework willthushavetorespond positively tothese andotherdevelopments. Atthesametime,itwillhavetocopewithpressures, in particular fromdeveloping countries, whichwillneedforeign exchange inorderto service theirdebtsandtomaintain adequate ratesofinvestments andgrowth. Therewillalsobecompetitive pressures arising fromtheconstant upgrading of technology, skills andindustrial innovations. Theprospect isforincreasing competitive pressures andasearch fornewmarkets bybothdeveloped anddeveloping countries. Thecontext ofthosedevelopments willbeoneofincreasing concern regarding theability ofthenatural environment andresource basetosustain present patterns andratesofgrowthinthedeveloped countries, together witha revitalization ofdevelopment inthedeveloping world. 13.2Allcountries willfacebothchallenges andopportunities inthe1990s.
analysis: The text discusses international trade, its importance in development, and the challenges and opportunities that countries face in the 1990s. It highlights the need for countries to respond positively to changes in the international trading scene, including the emergence of new players, competitive pressures, and concerns about the environment. The text does not mention any specific sectors such as agriculture, forestry, or fishing, nor does it discuss issues related to health, education, employment, humanitarian aid, culture, or science and technology.