text: L8' At the tine of its first coDsideration of the probten i.n 1964 the securitycouncil loted the special position of the cornrnunibies. rn its resoLution of4 March 1964, the security couacil called upo! ,,the connunities iu cyprus and theirleaders to act with the utmost restraint,, and recornmendeal that thesecret ary-General should appoint. a mediaEor tcho shouLd use his best eldeavours"with the representatives of the conununities,' to promote a settr€netrt (s,/55?s). 3/ 19' The acceptance by the security council 0f the primacy of the coastitution ofCyprus in the resoLution of, th6 probten and, therefore, of the entitlenenE of thelurkish Cypriot cornrnunity to full partlcipation in the governm.nt of Clrprus, isshorn in the security Councit,s reiolutioi 3S3 (1974) of 20 Juty 19?4, folrorring4.A/44/968 S/21463 English Page7 13.Inthesecond, Greece, Turkey andtheUnited Kingdom, afternotingthe undertakings oftheRepublic ofCyprus, recognized andguaranteed "thestateof affairs established bytheBasicArticles ofits[ofCyprus] Constitution" (Art.2) 14.Inthethird,Greece, Turkey andtheUnited Kingdom undertook that,inthe eventofabreachoftheprovisions oftheTreaty, theywouldconsult together. "Insofarascommon orconcerted action maynotprovepossible, eachofthe threeguaranteeing Powersreserves therighttotakeactionwiththesoleaim ofre-establishing thestateofaffairs created bythepresent Treaty." (Art.4) 15.Inaddition, Cyprus, Greece andTurkeyundertook torespect theintegrity of theBritish Sovereign BaseAreasandtoguarantee theuseandenjoyment bythe United Kingdom ofitsrightstherein. ~/ 16.Thus,anessential andinescapable ingredient ofthecomingintobeingofthe Republic ofCyprus wastheconcept ofthebalanced andguaranteed participation of bothcommunities, Turkish nolessthanGreek,ineverybasicaspectofthe Government ofCyprus. Theexclusion fromthegovernmental process ofCyprusofone ortheotherofthecommunities wouldmeanthattheGovernment sofunctioning would notbetheGovernment oftheRepublic ofCyprusascontemplated andestablished by theinternational settlement andtreaties concluded in1960. Anysuchlimping Government wouldlackconstitutional legitimacy and,insofarasitclaimed to represent theRepublic ofCyprus, wouldasamatterofinternational lawbein breachofthefundamental undertakings ontheinternational planegivenbythe Republic inthe1960Treaties regarding thebi-communal character oftheRepublic anditsGovernment. 4.Recognition bytheUnitedNations oftheequalstatusoftheGreekand Turkish Cypriot comn1unities 17.Withtheoneexception thatwillbeexamined moreclosely inpart11ofthis Opinion (para. 33andfollowing), thepractice oftheUnited Nations hasbeen strikingly uniform initsacknowledgement thattheCyprusproblem involves thetwo communities andthatinthisinvolvement theystandonafooting ofequality. This practice takestheformofresolutions oftheSecurity Council andoftheGeneral Assembly, andofreports oftheSecretary-General. 18.Atthetimeofitsfirstconsideration oftheproblem in1964theSecurity Council notedthespecial position ofthecommunities. Initsresolution of 4March1964,theSecurity Council called upon"thecommunities inCyprus andtheir leaders toactwiththeutmostrestraint" andrecommended thatthe Secretary-General shouldappoint amediator whoshouldusehisbestendeavours "withtherepresentatives ofthecommunities" topromote asettlement (S/5575). ;l./ 19.Theacceptance bytheSecurity Council oftheprimacy oftheConstitution of Cyprusintheresolution oftheproblem and,therefore, oftheentitlement ofthe Turkish Cypriot community tofullparticipation inthegovernment ofCyprus, is shownintheSecurity Council's resolution 353(1974)of20July1974,following /... Digitized by Dag Hammarskjöld LibraryA/44/968 s/ 2L463 English Page 8
analysis: The text appears to be discussing a historical event and the international community's response to it, specifically the Cyprus conflict and the role of the United Nations. It mentions the concept of balanced participation of both Greek and Turkish Cypriot communities in the government of Cyprus, which suggests a focus on politics and governance rather than economic or social issues.