text: the massive and sophisticated nuclear weaponry of the major Powers and the desperation of the underpriviledged or the dispossessed, there often lies a great vacuum of legitimacy and respected authority. Our most urgent challenge is to fill that vacuum through determined efforts to build a working international political system in which all participate -a system which not only will guarantee survival and order, but will make our planet run more evenly in the interests of all of its inhabitants". (A/40/1, p. 2) The fortieth anniversary compels us to realize that the nuclear age has imposed grave burdens on the Charter, for the maintenance of international peace and security would require not only "to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war" but also to ensure the survival of mankind from the threat of nuclear annihilation. This indeed would call for the extension of the legal principle embodied in the Charter , through the prohibition of the use of nuclear weapons, as first affirmed by the United Nations General Assembly in its reso~ution 1653 (XVI) of 1961, that any State using nuclear weapons is to be considered as violating the United Nations Charter and as committing a crime against mankind and civilization. Past efforts on disarmament at the bilateral as well as the multilateral level have resulted in a number of agreements, and their importance as security and political measures cannot be underrated. They constitute an infrastructure on which further disarmament measures need to be built upon, and that would require trust and confidence in the adherence to these agreements . However, the agreements reached so far have not been able to slow down the momentum of the arms race or to halt and reverse it, in spite of the fact that more than 3,000 diplomatic meetings NR/mh A/C.l/40/PV.ll 43 
analysis: The text primarily focuses on the concept of international peace and security, specifically in the context of nuclear disarmament and the prevention of nuclear war. It references the United Nations Charter and its principles, highlighting the importance of building a working international political system to ensure the survival of mankind. The text does not explicitly mention economic development, natural resources, or environmental issues, nor does it touch on specific industries or sectors. Instead, it emphasizes the need for cooperation and trust among nations to achieve disarmament and prevent war.