text: 18. Theparties maywishtospecify thelegalconsequences ofafailure to notify. Theparties mayalsowishtospecify theconsequences ofafailure to respond toanotification thatrequires aresponse. Forexample, whenthe parties envisage aseriesofshipments, theymayprovide thatifthesupplier notifies thepurchaser ofaproposed shipment ofagivenquantity ofthegoods on aparticular date,thepurchaser isdeemedtohaveagreedunless an objection ismade. E.Definitions 19. Theparties mayfinditusefultodefinecertain keyexpressions or concepts thatarefrequently usedinthecountertrade agreement orinthe supplycontract. Definitions areparticularly usefulincontracts between parties fromdifferent countries, eveniftheyusethesamelanguage, because oftheincreased possibility thatcertain expressions orconcepts maybeused differently inthetwocountries. Definitions arealsousefulwhenthe contracts areintwolanguages sincethey tend toreducethelikelihood of errorsintranslation. Adefinition ensures thattheexpression orconcept defined isunderstood inthesamesensewhenever itisusedintheagreement orthecontract, anddispenses withtheneedtoclarify theintended meaning oftheexpression orconcept oneachoccasion thatitisused.Adefinition isadvisable ifanexpression whichneedstobeusedisambiguous. Such definitions aresometimes madesubject tothequalification thatthe expressions defined bearthemeanings assigned tothem,"unless thecontext otherwise requires". Suchaqualification takesintoaccount thepossibility thatanexpression whichhasbeendefined hasinadvertently beenusedina context inwhichitdoesnotbearthemeaning assigned toitinthe definition. Thepreferable courseisfortheparties toscrutinize the contract carefully toensurethattheexpressions defined bearthemeanings assigned tothemwherever theyoccur,thereby eliminating theneedforsucha qualification.•A/CN.9/332/Add.3 English Page7 20. Sinceadefinition isusually intended toapplythroughout an agreement orcontract, alistofdefinitions maybeincluded inthe controlling document. Where,however, anexpression thatneedstobedefined isusedonlyinaparticular provision oraparticular section ofthe agreement orcontract, itmaybemoreconvenient toinclude adefinition in theprovision orsection inquestion. 21. Expressions suchas"countertrade agreement", "writing", "dispatch of notification", and"delivery ofnotification" maybedefined. Theparties may wishtoconsider thefollowing examples: Countertrade agreement. "Countertrade agreement" consists ofthe following documents, andhasthatmeaning inallthesaiddocuments: (a)thepresent document; (b)listofpossible countertrade goods; (c).... Writing. "Writing" includes statements contained inatelex,telefax, telegram orothermeansoftelecommunication whichprovides arecord ofthecontent ofsuch'statements. Dispatch ofanotification. "Dispatch ofanotification" by aparty occurswhenitisproperly addressed andconveyed totheappropriate entityfortransmission by a mode authorized underthecontract. Delivery ofanotification. "Delivery ofanotification" toaparty occurswhenitishandedovertothatparty,orwhenitisleftatan address ofthatpartyatwhich,underthecontract, thenotification maybeleft,irrespective ofwhether thenotification isbrought to theattention oftheindividual responsible toactonthe notification. 22. Theparties mayfindituseful, whenformulating theirown definitions, toconsider thedescriptions contained inthepresent guideof thevarious concepts commonly usedincountertrade transactions. Those descriptions canbelocated bytheuseoftheindextothisguide. [Noteto theCommission: itissuggested that,afterthelegalguidehasbeenwritten, anindexshouldbeprepared.]
analysis: This text appears to be a guide for drafting contracts related to countertrade agreements, which involve the exchange of goods or services between parties. The text focuses on the legal aspects of these agreements, including the specification of legal consequences, definitions of key terms, and the dispatch and delivery of notifications. The language used is technical and formal, suggesting that the guide is intended for professionals or lawyers involved in international trade.