text: A.Programme 1.General orientation 12.1Thegeneral orientation andobjectives ofthisprogramme arederived from General Assembly resolution 32/197of20December 1977.Thegoaloftheprogramme istoassistintergovernmental bodiesintheirresponsibility toaddress international development issuesandtoachieve international co-operation in solving international problems ofaneconomic, social, cultural orhumanitarian character, asprovided bytheCharter oftheUnitedNations. Theworkofthe intergovernmental bodiesinthisareaiswide-ranging andrequires extensive monitoring oftheworldeconomy. Theprogramme alsohastheresponsibility for bringing totheattention ofintergovernmental bodies newandemerging economic and socialissuesthatwouldaffectworlddevelopment, andforsystem-wide co-operation indevelopment research. 12.2According toparagraph 61oftheannextoresolution 32/197theprogramme should focusoninterdisciplinary research andanalysis, drawing asnecessary upon allrelevant partsoftheUnitedNations system. Onthebasisoftherelevant legislative authority, thisfunction includes: (a)preparing, onaregular basis, global economic andsocialsurveys andprojection toassisttheGeneral Assembly andtheEconomic andSocialCouncil inthedischarge oftheirresponsibilities; (b)undertaking in-depth intersectoral analyses andsyntheses ofdevelopment issues, inclosecollaboration withthoseelements oftheUnitedNations system engaged insimilar workandtakingintoaccount relevant workinthevarious sectoral components oftheUnitedNations system, andpreparing concise and action-oriented recommendations onthoseissuesinaccordance withtherequirements oftheAssembly andtheCouncil, forconsideration bythoseorgans; and (c)identifying andbringing totheattention ofGovernments emerging economic and socialissuesofinternational concern. 12.3Theoutcome oftheeighteenth special session oftheGeneral Assembly devoted tointernational economic co-operation, inparticular totherevitalization of economic growth anddevelopment ofthedeveloping countries, heldfrom24Aprilto 1May1990,andtheinternational development strategy forthefourthUnited Nations development decadetobeadopted attheforty-fifth session oftheAssembly willbeprincipal policydirectives forthegeneral orientation oftheprogramme. Theresults oftheSecondUnitedNations Conference onLeastDeveloped Countries, tobeheldin1990,andontheUnitedNations Conference onEnvironment and Development in1992willbeincorporated intheprogramme asappropriate. 12.4Theagendas oftheintergovernmental bodiesoftheUnitedNations inthe 1980sreflected greatchanges intheinternational economic situation. Aslowdown intheworldeconomy intheearly1980s, accompanied bygreatswingsintermsof trade,exchanges ratesandinterest rates,affected theeconomic situations ofall countries andbrought especially acuteproblems forheavily indebted developing countries. Thedebtoverhang anditsimplications forgrowth anddevelopment have emerged asimportant issuesrequiring urgentattention. Thedevelopment crisisin Africa hascometoberecognized asalong-term problem calling forgreater efforts oftheinternational community aswellasofAfrican countries themselves. However, somedeveloping countries havemetwithconsiderable success intheir development efforts. -3-12.5Theglobal economy wassubjected tomanyshocksduringthe19805. Increased uncertainty andinstability ofkeyvariables, whichhaveamajorimpact onthe economies ofallcountries, inparticular thedeveloping countries, havemadeits futurecourse moreunpredictable. Theinterrelationships between trade, moneyand finance andthepolicies pursued bymajorindustrial countries arekeyfactors that influence theinternational economic environment. Greater stability ofthose variables, through enhanced co-ordination andconsistency inpolicies, thegradual elimination ofexternal andinternal imbalances andbettersurveillance through strengthened international tradeandfinancial regimes willremainmajorobjectives oftheinternational community intheyearstocome. Aclosemonitoring and
analysis: The text primarily focuses on the United Nations' Programme for international development, discussing the goals, objectives, and activities related to addressing economic, social, and humanitarian issues. It mentions various international events, conferences, and organizations, such as the General Assembly, Economic and Social Council, and the World economy. The text also touches on the impact of debt, trade, and financial policies on developing countries.