text: health status are easily perceived. An attempt to represent health in terms of access to hospitals, access to medical care, and the extent of preventative action is an oversimplification. For this reason, the UNRISD attempt to measure the aggregated level of living and welfare has sug­ gested an approach, but one which has failed to attract many followers. 32 Jan Drewnowski, op. cit., ch. II. 48 (b) The modification of GNP concept 47. There has been growing awareness among economists and other social scientists that the concept of GNP is increasingly inadequate for representing the standard of living.33 Aside from the legitimacy of market valuation of goods and services in monetary terms and the pro­ blems in international comparisons, the approach is questionable because it excludes non-market activities relevant to the level of well-being, such as housewives' services, production for self-consumption and leisure, and includes activities irrelevant to the level of well-being, such as defense expenditures, production of intermediate inputs and de­ struction and recovery of the environment. A number of attempts have been proposed to modify the GNP concept to represent economic well­ being by adding imputed welfare components and subtracting estimated non-welfare components from national income. In making these modi­ fications, social indicators and statistics are required for identifying both welfare and non-welfare components and in imputing values to them. Conceptually, such a modification is an improvement over the conventional concept although it is still valued in monetary terms and the prices of final goods and services arc used as implicit weights. 48. However, there remain a number of issues to be settled before the proposed measure of economic welfare or net national welfare is universally accepted. These unsettled questions fall into two broad ca­ tegories: what to include in or exclude from the current GNP estimation 
analysis: The text discusses the limitations of Gross National Product (GNP) as a measure of economic well-being and the need to modify it to include non-market activities and exclude irrelevant activities. It also touches on the importance of social indicators and statistics in making these modifications. These themes suggest that the text is primarily concerned with economic development and its measurement.