text: Governments concerned. Prior to and including 1988, all direct payments made by UNDP on behalf of Governments (expenditures directly executed by UNDP headquarters and field offiaes or ao-operating agencies) were reoorded as a receivable on statement II if the delivery reports were not received, although those amounts might have been already disbursed, The reportinq of projaat delivery by Governments was rather low before the closing of the UNDP books in 1988. As a result, the balance of “Operating funds provided to Governments” included advances to Governments in relation to 1988 programme expenditure and advances made in 1988 and prior years that might have been speut but aould not be cleared because the relevant project delivery document had not been received. Therefore, we were not in a position to quantify precisely the overstatement of the receivable in the 1988 financial statements. 62. In 1989, UNDP changed its proaedure used to record euch government-executed programme expenditure by revising its accounting instructions, as follows: (a) Payments by UNDP field offices not being advances to the Government will be recorded as expenditures8 (b) Payments by UNDP headquarters will be recorded as expenditurest (c) Co-operating agency payments will be recorded as expenditure from the agency reports; (8) Project delivery reports will be generated directly by headquarters for confirmation purposes, This is expected to result in a more up-to-date recording of expenditures on government-executed projects. 63. For the year-end 1988, this change was retroactively applied and resulted in a corrrction of expenditure of $US 5,249,677. In 1989, the expenditures were finally reconciled with a further adjustment of $US 4,871,804 to programme expenditure (see note 10 (a) to the financial statements). 64. Substantial progress was made in 1989 on the return of the Governments’ disbursement reports, but further improvement is still needed in the timely 
analysis: The text appears to be discussing the financial management and accounting practices of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), specifically with regard to the recording of expenditures and receivables related to government-executed projects. The changes in accounting procedures and the corrections made to expenditure accounts suggest that the text is related to the administration and management of development projects, which is a key aspect of economic development.