text: 2. The 1963 Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water (Partial Test Ban Treaty) was the first international Treaty to refer specifically to outer space. In Article I each of the Parties to the Treaty undertakes : "to prohibit, to prevent and not to carry out any nuclear weapon test or any other nuclear explosions at any place under its jurisdiction or control: (a) in the atmosphere; beyond its limits including outer space ...". 5. The Treaty is of unlimited duration, and it has over 100 countries as Parties. The reference to outer space in article I of the Treaty has gained greater significance in the intervening years since this Treaty came into force, as the scope and number of activities which are or could be carried out in outer space has greatly increased. Technically, a nuclear explosion would have */ Reissued for technical reasons. GE.85-64558 CD/637 page 2 a devastating effect in outer space, destroying or damaging many of the satellites currently in orbit, not only because of the blast from the explosion itself, but also because of the disruption which would be caused by the electro-magnetic pulse (EMP) which a nuclear explosion would produce. 4. Therefore, any call for a new treaty prohibiting nuclear explosion in outer space is countered by the fact that such tests are already prohibited under the 1965 Partial Test Ban Treaty. HI- The Outer Space Treaty 5- The 1967 Treaty on the Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and other Celestial Bodies (The Outer Space Treaty), to which over 100 countries are Party, promotes the peaceful use of outer space. From a disarmament point of view, the key provision is contained in Article IV under which:
analysis: The text primarily discusses the international treaties and agreements related to outer space, specifically the prohibition of nuclear weapon tests and explosions in outer space. The text highlights the significance of these treaties in promoting the peaceful use of outer space and preventing harm to satellites and other activities in the region.