text: lic, Tunisia, Turkey, Yemen Arab Republic). Efforts have been made through government officials to limit supplies and through public education and health worker train- ing to reduce demand. At household level, UNICEF has put emphasis on the increased use of avail- able foods and fluids (Bhutan, Bolivia, Brazil, Comoros, Honduras, India, Malawi, Pakistan, Syrian Arab Republic). In Brazil, Nepal, Nigeria, Peru, Thailand and Zimbabwe, sugar- and-salt solutions are promoted na- tionally. In other countries the trend is towards traditional solutions such as coconut water {Comoros), sweet potato water (Papua New Guinea), rice water (Madagascar) and cereal- based mixtures in China, Ethiopia, Ghana and Zimbabwe. Research on other alternatives is continuing in Malawi, Kenya and Rwanda. Once effective solutions are identified, UNICEF helps to educate health workers in their preparation and use, as well as to design clear instructions so that mothers will understand why, when and how to administer them. 10Almost all UNICEF offices are in- volved in training. In Brazil, a major effort continues to train volunteer health workers in the poor and un- dcrserved north-east region, and in India, the efforts of the India Medical Association (IMA) to train 25,000 of its members nation-wide, will be eval- uated in 1990. Other countries receiv- ing UNICEF assistance with broad- based training strategies include Algeria, Bolivia, Colombia, India, Kenya, Lesotho, Nepal, Niger, Paki- stan, Peru, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Turkey, Viet Nam, Zambia and Zimbabwe.Countries giving special attention to potential ORT providers outside the health sector include Bhutan, Dji- bouti, Iran (religious leaders), Nepal (Scouts, Jaycees), Egypt (local gov- ernment officials), Turkey (primary school teachers), Lebanon, Somalia, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, Tur- key, Thailand (pharmacists). UNK'KF supports a variety of com- munications activities for CDD pro- grammes. These include the prepara- tion of materials for communications between health workers and mothers;
analysis: The text appears to focus on the efforts of UNICEF in promoting oral rehydration therapy (ORT) to treat dehydration in children. The text highlights the organization's work in training health workers, promoting alternative solutions, and educating mothers on the use of ORT. The text does not mention economic development, natural resources, agriculture, industry, transport, international trade, employment, or culture. It does not seem to be directly related to science and technology either, as it does not discuss specific scientific or technological aspects of ORT. The text is more focused on the humanitarian aspect of addressing a specific health issue, which is consistent with the category of Humanitarian aid and relief.