public static Vector DiscardLastElement(Vector v){
  if (v.size() > 0)   v.remove(v.size() - 1);
  return v;
}

public static Vector DiscardLastElement ( Vector v ) { if ( v . size ( ) > 0 ) v . remove ( v . size ( ) - 1 ) ; return v ; }
routines for constructing snippets of + cal code
