def lpmerge(L, R):
 return dict(L, **dict(((k, v) for (k, v) in R.iteritems() if (v is not None))))

def lpmerge ( L , R ) : return dict ( L , ** dict ( ( ( k , v ) for ( k , v ) in R . iteritems ( ) if ( v is not None ) ) ) )
left precedent dictionary merge .