def _has_fulfilled_prerequisites(user, course_id):
 return (MilestoneError() if get_pre_requisite_courses_not_completed(user, course_id) else ACCESS_GRANTED)

def _has_fulfilled_prerequisites ( user , course_id ) : return ( MilestoneError ( ) if get_pre_requisite_courses_not_completed ( user , course_id ) else ACCESS_GRANTED )
returns whether the given user has fulfilled all prerequisites for the given course .