Provided are nucleic acid translators capable of carrying out logic operations with improved efficiency, maximized output and reduced off-target effects, in particular in a biological system. Methods of using these translators to transduce signal are also provided.
Please help me write a proper abstract based on the patent claims. CLAIM: 1. A composition comprising: (a) a first nucleic acid complex comprising (i) a first nucleic strand comprising, sequentially, a first, second and third fragments and defined as S-Q-P, wherein each letter denotes a fragment and a string of letters connected by “-” denotes a strand, and (ii) a second strand comprising, sequentially, a first, second, third and fourth fragments and defined as A-B-P-Q, wherein the first complex comprises a duplex region (Q-P::P-Q) formed between the second and third fragments of the first strand and the third and fourth fragments of the second strand; and (b) a second nucleic acid complex comprising (i) a first nucleic acid strand comprising, sequentially, a first, second and third fragments and defined as P-B-Ā, (ii) a second nucleic acid strand comprising, sequentially, a first, second and third fragments and defined as A-X-C, and (iii) a third strand comprising, sequentially, a first, second and third fragments and defined as D-X-B, wherein the second complex comprises a first duplex region (Ā::A) formed between the third fragment of the first strand and the first fragment of the second strand, a second duplex region (B::B) formed between the first fragment of the first strand and the third fragment of the third strand, and a third duplex region (X::X) formed between the second fragment of the second strand and the second fragment of the third strand, wherein the first (S) fragment of the first strand of the first complex, the first (A) and second (B) of the second strand of the first complex, the first fragment (P) of the third strand of the second complex, the third fragment (C) of the second strand of the second complex, and the first fragment (D) of the third strand of the second complex are single-stranded; and wherein the first, second and third fragments (A, B, P) of the second strand of the first complex have sequence complementarity to the third, second and first fragments (Ā, B, P) of the first strand of the second complex to allow binding therebetween, respectively. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the first strand (S-Q-P) of the first complex has sequence complementarity to a fragment on a nucleic acid of a pathogenic nucleic acid to allow binding therebetween. 3. The composition of claim 2, wherein the pathogenic nucleic acid is a viral DNA, a viral RNA, a bacterial DNA, a bacterial RNA, a mutant tumor DNA, or a tumor RNA. 4. The composition of claim 1, wherein each fragment is from about 5 bases to about 50 bases long. 5. The composition of claim 1, wherein each fragment that is single-stranded is from about 5 bases to about 30 bases long. 6. The composition of claim 1, further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 7. A composition comprising a first nucleic acid complex comprising (a) a first, a second, a third and a fourth nucleic acid strands each comprising, sequentially, a first, a second and a third fragments and (b) a first and second RNA strands, wherein the first complex comprises: (i) a first duplex region formed between the second fragments of the first and second strands; (ii) a second duplex region formed between the second fragments of the third and fourth strands; (iii) a third duplex region formed between the third fragment of the first strand and the first fragment of the third strand; (iv) a fourth duplex region formed between the first fragment of the second strand and the third fragment of the fourth strand; (v) a fifth duplex region formed between the third fragment of the third strand and the first RNA; and (vi) a sixth duplex region formed between the first fragment of the fourth strand and the second RNA, and the first fragment (C) of the first strand and the third fragment (D) of the second strand are single-stranded. 8. The composition of claim 7, further comprising a second nucleic acid complex comprising a first and a second nucleic strands and a first and a second RNA strands, wherein: the second complex comprises a first duplex region formed between the second fragments of the first and second strands, a second duplex region formed between the third fragment of the first strand and the first RNA strand, and a third duplex region formed between the first fragment of the second strand and the second RNA strand, wherein the first fragment (E) of the first strand and the third fragment (F) of the second strand are single-stranded; the third strand of the first complex and the second strand of the second complex have sequence complementarity to allow binding therebetween; and the fourth strand of the first complex and the first strand of the second complex have sequence complementarity to allow binding therebetween. 9. The composition of claim 7, wherein each fragment is from about 5 bases to about 50 bases long. 10. The composition of claim 7, wherein each fragment that is single-stranded is from about 5 bases to about 30 bases long. 11. The composition of claim 7, further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 12. A nucleic acid complex comprising a first, a second, a third, a fourth, a fifth and a sixth nucleic acid strands, wherein: the first strand comprises, sequentially, a first, a second, a third and a fourth fragments and is defined as Q-X-B-Ā, wherein each letter denotes a fragment and a string of letters connected by “-” denotes a strand; the second strand comprises, sequentially, a first, a second, a third and a fourth fragments and is defined as B-Ā-X-P; the third and fifth strands each comprises, sequentially, a first, a second and a third fragments and is defined as A-Y-C; and the fourth and sixth strands each comprises, sequentially, a first, a second and a third fragments and is defined as D-Y-B; and wherein the complex comprises: a first duplex region (X:X) formed between the second fragment of the first strand and the third strand of the second strand; a second duplex region (Ā::A) formed between the fourth fragment of the first strand and the first strand of the third strand; a third duplex region (B::B) formed between the third fragment of the first strand and the third fragment of the fourth strand; a fourth duplex region (Ā::A) formed between the second fragment of the second strand and the first fragment of the fifth strand; a fifth duplex region (B::B) formed between the first fragment of the second strand and the third fragment of the sixth strand; a sixth duplex region (Y::Y) formed between the second fragments of the third and fourth strands; and a seventh duplex region (Y::Y) formed between the second fragments of the fifth and sixth strands, and wherein the first fragment (Q) of the first strand, the fourth fragment (P) of the second strand, the third fragments (C) of the third and fifth strands and the first fragments (D) of the fourth and sixth strands are single-stranded. 13. The composition of claim 12, wherein each fragment is from about 5 bases to about 50 bases long. 14. The composition of claim 12, wherein each fragment that is single-stranded is from about 5 bases to about 30 bases long. 15. The composition of claim 12, further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.