A method and apparatus for certification of facts introduces a certifier and a fact certificate into the fact-exchange cycle that enables parties to exchange trustworthy facts. Certification is provided to a fact presenter during the first part of the fact-exchange cycle, and verification is provided to the fact receiver during the last part of the cycle. To request a certification, a fact presenter presents the Certifier with a fact. In return, the certifier issues a fact certificate, after which the fact presenter presents the fact certificate to the fact receiver instead of presenting the fact itself. The receiver inspects the received certificate in order to evaluate the fact's validity and trustworthiness. For some facts and notions of verification, the certificate is sufficient and its inspection does not require any communication. For others, the receiver requests a verification service from the Certifier in order to complete the verification.
Please help me write a proper abstract based on the patent claims. CLAIM: 1. A computer-implemented method for verifying a fact associated with a fact presenter, comprising: certifying a fact as a deduced fact using a deductive reasoning process; storing the deductive reasoning process as a computer-executable program; and communicating the computer-executable program to a fact receiver; wherein the fact receiver is enabled to verify the deduced fact, using the computer-executable program. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the fact is received from the fact presenter at a fact certifier, and wherein the fact certifier certifies the fact. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the fact is withheld from the fact presenter to a fact certifier, and wherein the fact certifier certifies the fact. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein an observer certifies the fact using the deductive reasoning process. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the deduced fact is based on one or more basis facts. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein verification of the deduced fact comprises confirming that the basis facts are valid, and that the deductive reasoning process is valid and has been performed correctly. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the basis facts include any of observed facts and additional deduced facts. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the observed facts include any of measurements and observations. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising: validating that the observed facts are true and authentic. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the fact includes an asset entrusted by the fact receiver to the fact presenter. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the fact includes a financial claim against the fact receiver. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the fact includes a piece of evidence that is observed and processed by the fact presenter. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the fact presenter withholds actual information contents of the fact due to privacy concerns. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the fact receiver is enabled to verify that the fact is known to the presenter and is valid, using the computer-executable program, without observing the fact. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the deductive reasoning process is open for inspection of their logical judgemental soundness. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein any unverified assumptions, on which the fact is directly or indirectly based, is listed. 17. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having embodied thereon computer-readable instructions, which when executed, implement the steps of a method for verifying a fact, the method comprising: certifying a fact as a deduced fact using a deductive reasoning process; and communicating the computer-executable program to a fact receiver; wherein the fact receiver is enabled to verify the deduced fact, using the computer-executable program. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the fact is received from the fact presenter at a fact certifier, and wherein the fact certifier certifies the fact. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the fact is withheld from the fact presenter to a fact certifier, and wherein the fact certifier certifies the fact. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein an observer certifies the fact using the deductive reasoning process. 21. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the deduced fact is based on one or more basis facts. 22. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 21, wherein verification of the deduced fact comprises confirming that the basis facts are valid, and that the deductive reasoning process is valid and has been performed correctly. 23. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 21, wherein the basis facts include any of observed facts and additional deduced facts. 24. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 23, wherein the observed facts include any of measurements and observations. 25. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 24, further comprising: validating that the observed facts are true and authentic. 26. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the fact includes an asset entrusted by the fact receiver to the fact presenter. 27. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the fact includes a financial claim against the fact receiver. 28. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the fact includes a piece of evidence that is observed and processed by the fact presenter. 29. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the fact presenter withholds actual information contents of the fact due to privacy concerns. 30. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the fact receiver is enabled to verify that the fact is known to the presenter and is valid, using the computer-executable program, without observing the fact. 31. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the deductive reasoning process is open for inspection of their logical judgemental soundness. 32. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein any unverified assumptions, on which the fact is directly or indirectly based, is listed.