Systems and methods for supervised learning and cascaded training of a neural network are described. In an example, a supervised process is used for strengthening connections to classifier neurons, with a supervised learning process of receiving a first spike at a classifier neuron from a processing neuron in response to training data, and receiving an out-of-band communication of a second desired (artificial) spike at the classifier neuron that corresponds to the classification of the training data. As a result of spike timing dependent plasticity, connections to the classifier neuron are strengthened. In another example, a cascaded technique is disclosed to generate a plurality of trained neural networks that are separately initialized and trained based on different types or forms of training data, which may be used with cascaded or parallel operation of the plurality of trained neural networks.
Please help me write a proper abstract based on the patent claims. CLAIM: 1. At least one machine readable medium including instructions for implementing a supervised learning procedure in a spiking neural network, the instructions, when executed by a machine, cause the machine to perform operations comprising: receiving, with a classifier neuron of a neural network, a first spike via a synaptic connection, the synaptic connection established between the classifier neuron and a processing neuron of the neural network, wherein the first spike is provided from the processing neuron in response to training data of a particular classification; receiving, with the classifier neuron, a second spike that is received subsequent to the first spike, wherein the second spike is provided to indicate a desired spike based on an association of the classifier neuron with the particular classification; and strengthening the synaptic connection between the classifier neuron and the processing neuron, in response to the second spike. 2. The machine readable medium of claim 1, wherein the operations for strengthening the synaptic connection between the classifier neuron and the processing neuron include increasing a weight of the synaptic connection between the classifier neuron and the processing neuron, wherein the weight of the synaptic connection is used by the classifier neuron to determine a classification of subsequent input data, wherein the classifier neuron is one of a plurality of neurons that are respectively associated with a plurality of classifications. 3. The machine readable medium of claim 1, the operations further comprising: receiving, with the classifier neuron, at least one other spike via at least one other synaptic connection with at least one other processing neuron of the neural network, wherein the other spike is provided in response to the training data of the particular classification; and strengthening the other synaptic connection between the classifier neuron and the other processing neuron, in response to the second spike. 4. The machine readable medium of claim 3, the operations further comprising: transmitting, from the classifier neuron, a third spike in response to the first spike, wherein the third spike is a naturally produced spike produced from the classifier neuron in response to the first spike and the other spike exceeding a threshold. 5. The machine readable medium of claim 3, the operations further comprising: initializing respective synaptic weights prior to processing the training data in the neural network, the respective synaptic weights applied in the synaptic connection between the classifier neuron and the processing neuron and in the respective synaptic connection between the classifier neuron and the other processing neuron. 6. The machine readable medium of claim 5, wherein the operations for initializing respective synaptic weights includes initializing the respective synaptic weights based on random values. 7. The machine readable medium of claim 1, wherein the second spike is provided to the classifier neuron in a spike train, the spike train providing a plurality of spikes over time. 8. The machine readable medium of claim 1, wherein the second spike is provided to the classifier neuron in an out-of-band communication independently of any synaptic connection. 9. The machine readable medium of claim 1, the operations further comprising: receiving, with at least one other classifier neuron, at least one other spike, wherein the other spike is respectively provided via at least one other spike train; and weakening a second synaptic connection between the other classifier neuron and at least one other processing neuron of the neural network, in response to the other spike train; wherein spike timing dependent plasticity is used for strengthening the synaptic connection between the classifier neuron and the processing neuron, and for weakening the second synaptic connection between the other classifier neuron and the other processing neuron. 10. The machine readable medium of claim 1, the operations further comprising: repeating training operations in the neural network for the particular classification, until a third spike is produced from the classifier neuron with the training data, wherein the third spike is a naturally produced spike produced in response to the first spike exceeding a threshold. 11. The machine readable medium of claim 1, wherein the supervised learning procedure is performed in a cascaded training procedure of a plurality of trained neural networks including the neural network, wherein the plurality of trained neural networks are trained from respective instances of the supervised learning procedure for a plurality of classifications, and wherein the respective instances of the supervised learning procedure operate on different sets of training data with different acceptance criteria. 12. The machine readable medium of claim 11, wherein the plurality of trained neural networks are used for parallel evaluation of a subsequent data input using at least two of the plurality of trained neural networks. 13. The machine readable medium of claim 11, wherein the plurality of trained neural networks are used for cascaded evaluation of a subsequent data input using at least two of the plurality of trained neural networks. 14. The machine readable medium of claim 1, wherein the spiking neural network is provided by neuromorphic computing hardware having a plurality of cores, wherein respective cores of the plurality of cores are configurable to implement respective neurons used in the spiking neural network, and wherein spikes are used among the respective cores to communicate information on processing actions of the spiking neural network. 15. A computing device to implement a spiking neural network, the computing device comprising circuitry including: a first circuit set to implement a classifier neuron and a processing neuron of the spiking neural network, the first circuit set to: receive, with a classifier neuron of the spiking neural network, a first spike via a synaptic connection, the synaptic connection established between the classifier neuron and a processing neuron of the spiking neural network, wherein the first spike is provided from the processing neuron in response to training data of a particular classification; a second circuit set to implement a supervised learning procedure of the spiking neural network, the second circuit set to: transmit, to the classifier neuron, a second spike that is received subsequent to the first spike, wherein the second spike is provided to indicate a desired spike based on an association of the classifier neuron with the particular classification; wherein the synaptic connection between the classifier neuron and the processing neuron is strengthened in response to the second spike. 16. The computing device of claim 15, wherein operations to strengthen the synaptic connection between the classifier neuron and the processing neuron increase a weight of the synaptic connection between the classifier neuron and the processing neuron, wherein the weight of the synaptic connection is used by the classifier neuron to determine a classification of subsequent input data, wherein the classifier neuron is one of a plurality of neurons that are respectively associated with a plurality of classifications. 17. The computing device of claim 15, the first circuit set further to: receive, with the classifier neuron, at least one other spike via at least one other synaptic connection with at least one other processing neuron of the spiking neural network, wherein the other spike is provided in response to the training data of the particular classification; and strengthen the other synaptic connection between the classifier neuron and the other processing neuron, in response to the second spike. 18. The computing device of claim 17, the first circuit set further to: transmit, from the classifier neuron, a third spike in response to the first spike, wherein the third spike is a naturally produced spike produced from the classifier neuron in response to the first spike and the other spike exceeding a threshold. 19. The computing device of claim 17, the first circuit set further to: initialize respective synaptic weights prior to processing the training data in the spiking neural network, the respective synaptic weights applied in the synaptic connection between the classifier neuron and the processing neuron and in the respective synaptic connection between the classifier neuron and the other processing neuron. 20. The computing device of claim 19, wherein operations to initialize respective synaptic weights include operations to initialize the respective synaptic weights based on random values. 21. The computing device of claim 15, wherein the second spike is provided to the classifier neuron in a spike train, the spike train providing a plurality of spikes over time. 22. The computing device of claim 15, wherein the second spike is provided to the classifier neuron in an out-of-band communication independently of any synaptic connection. 23. The computing device of claim 15, the second circuit set further to: transmit, to at least one other classifier neuron, at least one other spike, wherein the other spike is respectively provided via at least one other spike train; and wherein a second synaptic connection between the other classifier neuron and at least one other processing neuron of the spiking neural network is weakened, in response to the other spike train; wherein spike timing dependent plasticity is used to strengthen the synaptic connection between the classifier neuron and the processing neuron, and to weaken the second synaptic connection between the other classifier neuron and the other processing neuron. 24. The computing device of claim 15, the second circuit set further to: repeat training operations in the spiking neural network for the particular classification, until a third spike is produced from the classifier neuron with the training data, wherein the third spike is a naturally produced spike produced in response to the first spike exceeding a threshold. 25. The computing device of claim 15, wherein the supervised learning procedure is performed in a cascaded training procedure of a plurality of trained neural networks including the spiking neural network, wherein the plurality of trained neural networks are trained from respective instances of the supervised learning procedure for a plurality of classifications, and wherein the respective instances of the supervised learning procedure operate on different sets of training data with different acceptance criteria. 26. The computing device of claim 25, wherein the plurality of trained neural networks are used for parallel evaluation of a subsequent data input using at least two of the plurality of trained neural networks. 27. The computing device of claim 25, wherein the plurality of trained neural networks are used for parallel evaluation of a subsequent data input using at least two of the plurality of trained neural networks. 28. The computing device of claim 15, wherein the spiking neural network is provided by neuromorphic computing hardware having a plurality of cores, wherein respective cores of the plurality of cores are configurable to implement respective neurons used in the spiking neural network, and wherein spikes are used among the respective cores to communicate information on processing actions of the spiking neural network.