The esophagus in collagen disease. Radiologic findings. A prospective cineradiographic and manometric study of pharyngeal and esophageal dysfunction was performed in 54 patients with rigidly defined scleroderma, polymyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis. Cineradiography was inaccurate in pharyngeal dysfunctions specific for polymyositis. Manometry was an accurate but insensitive test. Manometry was also significantly more accurate than cineradiography in identifying patients with smooth muscle dysfunction (scleroderma). Cineradiographic finding of absent esophageal peristalsis accurately identified patients with scleroderma but it identified only a small percentage (33 percent). Cineradiography finding of diminished esophageal peristalsis was found in scleroderma (23 percent), polymyositis, (30 percent), and SLE (11 percent) and has been reported in rheumatoid arthritis. This finding is a non specific finding suggestive of collagen vascular disease rather than specific for scleroderms.


The decline and early fall of neonatal pulmonary hemorrhage. Seven years' experience (1965-1972) with neonatal pulmonary hemorrhage at the University of Colorado was reviewed. Pulmonary hemorrhage still occurs frequently as a preterminal event in hyaline membrane disease. As an isolated "pure" entity, however, pulmonary hemorrhage has shown a marked decline. This phenomenon is probably related to advances in neonatal intensive care. The radiographic pattern of "pure" pulmonary hemorrhage in the newborn is most commonly a diffuse alveolar infiltrate. Since pure hemorrhage is now an uncommon entity, the radiologist can reasonably suggest this diagnosis on rare occasions only, in the clinical setting of profound hypoxia.


Complete interruption of the aorta in Noonan's syndrome. A patient is presented who lived to age 60 with complete interruption of the aorta associated with Noonan's syndrome. On chest x-ray there were calcified mediastinal masses and bilateral rib notching. Angiography demonstrated complete interruption of the aorta with markedly dilated tortuous intercostal arteries. The roentgenographic studies are correlated with the surgical and pathological findings. Noonan's syndrome is discussed.


Neoplastic involvement of terminal digits masquerading clinically as benign disease. Two patients with primary and four with metastatic distal phalangeal lesions in whom a wrong diagnosis of benign disease was initially made are presented with a brief review of the literature and a discussion of the clinico-radiographic features. Primary phalangeal lesions may be either epidermoid carcinoma or malignant melanoma are are often confused with paronychia, while most metastatic lesions are due to pulmonary or breast cancer and simulate a felon clinically. Primary nail bed lesions are characterized radiographically by external cortical erosions; metastatic lesions tend to show a diffuse demineralization and extensive destruction of the whole digit.


Evaluation of intracranial aneurysms by computed tomography. Useful information has been gained by review of eight cases of intracranial aneurysm demonstrated by computed tomography (CT) and correlation with cerebral angiograms. The angiograms demonstrated one or multiple aneurysms, the precise location of the aneurysm, and presence of arterial spasm. The CT scan can delineate the full size of the aneurysm when the sac has been partially obliterated by thrombus, the presence of hematoma, infarction, hydrocephalus, and intraventricular and subarachnoid hemorrhage. These associated features are more difficult to evaluate by angiography alone.


Radiographic evaluation of patency of interposition mesocaval shunts. The technique of side-to-side mesocaval anastomosis with the interposition of a prosthetic graft was described in 1970. We report the result of venographic evaluation of patency of this type of shunt in our patients. Demonstration of an unoccluded graft; resistance to retrograde injection of dye against the blood stream into the superior mesenteric vein; rapid clearing of dye from superior mesenteric vein following injection and "lamellar flow defect" in the vena cava above the site of anastomosis during vena cavogram, were considered criteria of patency of the interposition mesocaval shunt.


Percutaneous cholangiography with the Chiba University needle: a new, safe, and accurate method in the diagnosis of cholestatic syndromes. A modified technique of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography utilizing the Chiba University needle is described. This new technique employs injection of dye through a thin flexible 22 gauge needle with a short bevel while it is slowly withdrawn under a fluoroscopic monitoring. The results of several investigators are reviewed and indicate that failure to visualize the biliary radicals with the Chiba University needle virtually rules out extrahepatic obstruction. It is anticipated that this technique will replace the traditional sheathed needle cholangiography as a diagnostic modality in the evaluation of the jaundiced patient.


Radiologic differential diagnosis. Radiologic pattern: solitary cavity. The differential diagnosis of a left lower lobe cavity in this young patient with a history of productive cough should include hiatal hernia, pulmonary abscess, bronchiectatic cyst and bronchopulmonary sequestration. Hiatal hernia should be ruled out by barium swallow; acute pulmonary abscess by the lack of a history suggestive of a necrotizing pneumonia; bronchiectasis by bronchogram; and intralobar bronchopulmonary sequestration should be confirmed by aortography.


The normal axial relationship of the wrist. The normal axial relationship of 360 wrists was measured. The results differ from those previously published in the radiological literature. The difference may be explained by the small series' size or inadequate technical criteria used in previous studies.


[Carcinoid tumor associated with osteoblastic metastasis and Cushing's syndrome]. This paper tries to group previous ideas related to: 1. The high possibility of metastatic disease to bone from carcinoid tumor to show a blastic pattern. 2. Cushing's syndrome can be secondary to non endocrine neoplasms. Both of these entities were present in the case being discussed which had a metastatic carcinoid but the primary site was not established.


The masquerading effect of Paget's disease. The record and roentgen findings in a patient with Paget's disease with coexisting multiple myeloma have been presented. Their rare or even unique association is recorded to refresh ones recollection that patients with Paget's disease may be host to a second disease, which if recognized, may be of inestimable profit to the medical care and comfort of the patient.


Kaposi's sarcoma in bone: a case report with unusual radiographic findings and an abnormal radioisotope scan. The authors present a case report of Kaposi's sarcoma involving the bones of the forearm, wrist, and hand. Typical features of rarefaction, osteoporosis, cysts, and cortical erosions were present. Rarely seen changes of a bubbly expansion of the lesions and periosteal reaction were also present. This is the first radioisotope bone scan reported in Kaposi's sarcoma to the author's knowledge. The literature about osseous manifestations of Kaposi's sarcoma is reviewed.


An argument for epinephrine renal arteriography in the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma. Two cases are presented where the diagnosis would have been missed or would have been very difficult with selective angiography only; the use of the epinephrine technique made these renal cell carcinomas obvious. The authors feel that epinephrine should be used in the presence of all renal masses to exclude or confirm the presence of renal cell carcinoma if this is not already obvious by selective arteriography alone.


Theoretical considerations in the use of contrast media for computed cranial tomography. The impressive results obtained by the use of iodinated contrast media, particularly when administered by drip infusion technique, led us to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of the method. An originally non-invasive examination has progressively evolved into a quasiinvasive examination in the majority of cases, and our results appear to justify such a trend.


A coxsackievirus type A24 epidemic of acute conjunctivitis. The 1975 epidemic of acute conjunctivitis was caused by the return of S.E.C. 1970 virus (CA24). The clinical manifestations of cases seen in the recent epidemic were similar to those seen during the 1970 epidemic caused by S.E.C. 1970 virus (CA24) and the 1971 epidemic caused by S.E.C. 1971 virus (entero-virus type 70). In our opinion, both the S.E.C. 1970 VIRUS (CA24) and S.E.C. 1971 virus (enterovirus type 70) are equally important causes of epidemics of acute conjunctivitis more commonly known as the  "Acute Haemorrhagic Conjunctivitis". Although these two enteroviruses affect mainly the eye, apart from conjunctival secretions, they could be transmitted in respiratory droplets and faeces. The authors would prefer to retain the term "Picornavirus Epidemic Conjunctivitis" to denote infection by S.E.C. 1970 virus (CA24) and S.E.C. 1971 virus (enterovirus type 70).


Acquired toxoplasmosis in Malaysia.

Acquired toxoplasmosis in Malaysia. Two cases of acquired toxoplasmosis in asymptomatic Malaysian patients are described. In both instances the diagnosis was first made on the finding of the Piringer-Kuchinka reaction in excised lymph nodes from these patients and serological studies further confirmed the presence of hihg toxoplasmic antibody titres. The characteristic histological features of toxoplasmic lymphadenitis are discussed. Diagnosis and management of the disease are briefly reviewed with emphasis that the importance of diagnosing this disease goes beyond the establishment of a mostly self-limiting, clinically unimportant protozoan infection.


A study of the noise hazard in selected industries in the Philippines. A study was made to evaluate the noise hazard in certain industries of the country. Evaluation was made by measuring the noise levels at the work sites of different establishments and the hearing acuity of workers in the textile mill and the steel plant. It was found that noise levels were quite high varying from 86 to 119 decibels. Most of the energies of noise were centered in the middle and high frequencies denoting potential danger to the hearing apparatus. Audiometric results revealed hearing losses for workers exposed to excessive noise even when corrected for age. This suggests that the hearing defects were noise-induced. As a consequence of the results it is necessary for the industries surveyed to institute hearing conservation programs to protect the health and welfare of the workers.


Experimental attempts to induce ocular infection in cats with subperiodic Brugia malayi. In an attempt to determine whether the finding of human ocular lesions due to B. malayi was due to the site of entry of the infective larvae, cats were infected via ocular instillation, subconjunctival inoculation, subcutaneous inoculation around and infective mosquito bites over the eyes. Although no conjunctival lesion was seen patent infections were produced via ocular instillation, subconjunctival and subcutaneous inoculation of infective larvae. Adult worms were also recovered from periorbital tissues. Adult worms were localized mainly in the lymphatic system of the head and neck regions of the cat. The results show that the conjunctival lesions seen in humans could be due to the site of bite of the mosquito and thus the entry of the infective larvae.


Growth and localization of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in the molluscan host, Achatina fulica. The development of the rat lung worm  Angiostrongylus cantonensis within the giant African snail Achatina fulica is reported. In this host, ingested first stage larvae penetrate the intestinal wall into the hemocoel and migrate to the mantle where they undergo two molts and become third stage larvae within 24 days. The mantle, harboring 85% of the total number recovered is the major location of infective larvae. The kidney contains about 11% but few larvae are found in the remaining visceral organs. Host response consists of encapsulation; destruction by means of phagocytosis was not observed.


The freshwater snail lymnaea rubiginosa as an experimental host of Angiostrongylus malaysiensis: a preliminary report. Preliminary studies have shown that Lymnaea rubiginosa, a common fresh-water snail in Peninsular Malaysia, which is easily colonized and reared in the laboratory, is a capable experimental intermediate host for Angiostrongylus malaysiensis. Overall 73% of the snails tested became infected following 6 hours exposure to infective rat faeces. Higher infection rates, up to 100%, and heavier worm loads, occurred among the larger sized snails. Snail attrition was low except when very heavy worm loads were acquired.


The bandicoot rat, a new host record for Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Indonesia. A survey for Angiostrongylus cantonensis in possible definitive and intermediate hosts was conducted in Ancol, Jakarta. Adult worms were found in 43% of bandicoot rats, Bandicota indica setifera, in 14% of Rattus rattus diardii and 36% of the Achatina fulica were infected with larval forms of the parasite. The finding of the parasite in the bandicoot rat constitutes a new host record for Indonesia.


Morphology of Ancylostoma buckleyi Le Roux and Biocca, 1957 in dogs from Cairns, North Queensland, Australia. Ancylostoma buckleyi was found in dogs in Cairns, North Queensland, Australia. Worms were small, whitish, males 10.25-10.89 mm in length; females 12.65-14.96 mm in length. The buccal capsule was funnel shaped. There were three pairs of ventral teeth and two pairs of dorso-lateral teeth. Spicules were simple and equal, 0.71-0.73 mm in length. Gubernaculum was shaped like a cricket bat, the widest part in the posterior half. The bursa was well developed, the ratio between posterolateral-mediolateral to mediolateral-externolateral was 1:1. The inner branches of the dorsal rays were partially fused. Tail of the femaleworm was 0.22-0.23 mm in length and conical.


Schistosomiasis japonica in field rats in Leyte, Philippines. Approximately 73% of wild caught field rats were found infected with schistosomiasis japonica as revealed by the finding of eggs in liver sections; 49% of rats showed eggs in histological sections of the large intestine and about 13% showed eggs in their stools. Male rats appear to have higher schistosomiasis infection rate then female rats and that rats caught from endemic areas with smooth or normal looking livers do not necessarily mean that they are not infected with schistosomiasis. Examination for miracidia using only 2-3 pellets of field rat's stool by Faust-Meleney egg hatching technique revealed that 58% of them were positive with a mean of 5 miracidia per rat. A slightly lower hatchability rate was observed among laboratory infected white rats. Our figures on hatchability of Schistosoma ova are higher than those obtained by Pesigan and his co-workers probably because we used freshly collected rat faeces.


Control of Culex pipiens fatigans(W) by the larvivorous fish Poecillia reticulata and by removal of debris from the breeding habitat. Twice weekly removal of floating debris from two polluted ponds in Bangkok resulted in 75% reduction of immature populations of C.p. fatigans for seven weeks. Subsequent introduction of the guppy Poecilia reticulata at 10 fish per m2 further reduced the aquatic population to 2% of the pretreatment level during 12 weeks. When debris removal was discontinued, partial recovery of the larval density was observed. When fish were introduced in a plot without prior debris removal, there was no reduction of the mosquito population, and when only part of the debris was removed from one plot, the reduction was immediate.


Epidemic appearance of a new influenza strain in Asia. An outbreak of influenza associated with increased absenteeism among school-age children occurred during May and June 1975 in Tapei, Taiwan. The virus strain has recently been shown to be antigenically similar to A/Victoria/3/75 which is now active in other areas of the Pacific.


The effects of climatic patterns and agricultural practices on the population dynamics of Culex tritaeniorhynchus in Asia. Annual population curves for C. tritaeniorhynchus are presented for representative localities distributed from Pakistan, east through Southeast Asia and the Philippines and north to Japan and Korea. In the dry temperature (Pakistan) and colder maritime climates (Japan and Korea). C. tritaeniorhynchus populations apparently overwintered as hibernating adults, while in the warmer maritime climates (Okinawa and Taiwan), gonotrophic activity and larval development continued throughout the winter months. In these climatic types, the population curves closely paralleled the annual temperature curves. In the tropical climates, however, temporal population patterns were closely related to available moisture either in the form of annual precipitation and/or rice irrigation. The extremely variable environmental conditions tolerated C. tritaeniorhynchus throughout its distribution attests to the physiological and ecological plasticity of this species and suggests that further ecological and genetic studies may reveal marked clinical variances among selected biological parameters.


Juvenile rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease at Ramathibodi Hospital, Thailand. One hundred consecutive cases of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease who were seen at Department of Pediatrics. Ramathibodi Hospital were reviewed. Particular attention was given to the pattern and the outcome of the cardiac status of the patients. The high incidence of severe carditis and tight mitral stenosis was similar to most reports from other developing countries. There was a poor prognosis for the cardiac status of those who came late, had more than valvular lesions, were in congestive heart failure, or had preexisting heart disease and atrial fibrillation. In spite of this, 6 patients had no evidence of heart disease after being followed up for less than 5 years.


Mebendazole and pyrantel pamoate as broad-spectrum anthelmintics. The efficacy of mebendazole and pyrantel pamoate was studied in two groups of 59 and 58 cases, respectively, of patients with polyparasitosis. Mebendazole had a cure rate of 96%, 82.2%, 71.4% and 66.6% in A. lumbricoides, hookworm, T. trichiura and S. stercoralis, respectively, while the corresponding figures for pyrantel pamoate were 92.6%, 85.7%, 19.4% and 0%. Pyrantel pamoate is considered to have no significant effect on T. trichiura and S. stercoralis. None of the drugs had any effect on  T. saginata. Both drugs have been found to be equally effective against enterobiasis by various authors. It is recommended that pyrantel pamoate be the drug of choice in cases of multiple parasitic infections excluding T. trichiura and S. stercoralis whereas those with one or both of these in addition to others should be treated with mebendazole. Mebendazole can be prescribed for patients with clinical evidence of helminthic infections even where stool examination is not possible as it covers almost the whole range of common helminthic infections. The only limitation for poorer patients however is its cost. Pyrantel pamoate has a wider applicability for the poorer patients in spite of the fact that it is ineffective against trichurids and S. stercoralis.


A survey of houseflies in bangkok and neighboring provinces. A survey of flies in Bangkok and neighboring province revelaed that among 8,675 flies collected there were 10 genera and 18 species of flies, eg. Musca domestica, M. bezzii, M. conducens, M. nebulo, Chrysomyia megacephala, C. rufifacies, Phaenicia sericata, P. cuprina, Sarcophaga ruficornis, S. peregrina, S. orchidae, S. albiceps, Megaselia scalaris, Lispe orientalis, Anaclysta flexa, Morellia hortensia, Hemipyrellia ligurriens and Orthellia coeruleifrons. Musca mostly bred in low-protein content media, eg., garbage piles of vegetable and rice, and was predominant in the morning while Chrysomyia and Phaenicia mostly bred in high-protein content media, eg., animal carcasses, and were predominant in the afternoon. Female flies were bigger than male and they were more predominant than males in or around breeding places. The density of flies was correlated with the relative humidity but not with rainfall or temperature. The density of flies was correlated with the occurrence of gastrointestinal diseases. Some cases of myiasis have been reported from Thailand.


Prevalence of heart disease in school children in Thailand: a preliminary survey at Bang Pa-in. A total of 2,764 students were examined from five schools in Bang Pa-in, district, Ayutthaya Province, Thailand; 12 were found to have heart disease, a prevalence of 4.34 per thousand examined. Of these 4 cases were known by their parents to have heart disease prior to our study. The prevalence of congenital heart disease was 3.3 and of rheumatic heart disease 1 per thousand students. The incidence of functional heart murmur was 46%. The prevalence rate of heart disease in Thai school children was similar to rates in reports from Canada, America and Iran.


The effect of specific antiserum on the metabolism of three membrane-associated antigens of ASL-1 x LM(TK)- hybrid cells. Fusion of ASL-1 cells, a murine leukemia forming thymus leukemia (TL) antigens, with LM(TK)- cells, a TL(--) murine cell line, resulted in a stable hybrid forming TL antigens. The hybrids failed to undergo modulation, the reversible dissappearance of TL antigens from the surfaces of the cells, stimulated by TL antiserum. Unlike ASL-1 cells, the rate of disappearance of the antigens from modulation negative hydrid cells was unaffected by TL antiserum. The t 1/2 of TL antigens of the hybrid was approximately 30 h. The t 1/2 of TL antigens of ASL-1 cells was 10 h in the presence of TL antiserum, 18 h in the absence of TL antiserum. The rate of metabolism of a putative tumor-associated antigen of ASL-1 cells formed by the hybrid was unaffected by exposure to specific antiserum, as was the metabolism of H-2 antigens formed by the cell types.


The selection of somatic cell hybrids between human lymphoma cell lines. Somatic cell hybrids have been selected between three pairs of established human lymphoid cell lines producing  pure lines of proliferating hybrid cells: Raji/Namalwa, Raji/Daudi, and Raji/BJAB. The hybrid cell lines have been characterized with respect to isozyme pattern, volume, and karyotype.


The selection of Chinese hamster cells deficient in oxidative energy metabolism. A selection scheme based on the nutritional requirements of a previously described respiration-deficient Chinese hamster line has been used to isolate new mutants defective in oxidative energy metabolism. Three of the primary characteristics of this type of mutant are (1) a strict dependency on the continued presence of glucose for survival; (2) a drastic reduction in the rate of oxygen consumption; (3) an inhibition of Krebs cycle activity resulting in auxotrophy for asparagine and carbon dioxide. In the case of one cell line which was used (V79), up to 65% of the survivors of a selection were found to possess this phenotype after only one round of selection. By contrast, it proved much more difficult to obtain such mutants from another cell line (CCL16). A preliminary characterization of a number of these mutants is presented.


Transfer of the human X chromosome to human--Chinese hamster cell hybrids via isolated HeLa metaphase chromosomes. Evidence is presented for the uptake of the human X chromosome by human-Chinese hamster cell hybrids which lack H P R T activity, following incubation with isolated human HeLa S3 chromosomes. Sixteen independent clonal cell lines were isolated in H A T medium, all of which contained a human X chromosome as determined by trypsin-Giemsa staining. The frequency of H A T-resistant clones was 32 x 10(-6) when 10(7) cells were incubated with 10(8) HeLa chromosomes. Potential reversion of the hybrid cells in H A T medium was less than 5 x 10(-7). The 16 isolated cell lines all contained activity of the human X-linked marker enzymes H P R T, P G K,alpha-Gal A, and G6PD, as determined by electrophoresis. The phenotype of G6PD was G6PD A, corresponding to G6PD A in HeLa cells. The human parental cells used in the fusion to form the hybrids had the G6PD B phenotype. The recipient cells gave no evidence of containing human X chromosomes. These results indicate that incorporation and expression of HeLa X chromosomes is accomplished in human-Chinese hamster hybrids which lack a human X chromosome.


A CHO-cell mutant with a defect in cytokinesis. In a selection procedure designed to enrich for temperature-sensitive mutant cells blocked in mitosis a CHO-cell mutant was isolated which has a defect in cytokinesis as the basis of its temperature-sensitive phenotype. Cultures of the mutant had an abnormally high percentage (ie. 34%) of polyploid cells at the permissive temperature of 34 degress C and showed further increased frequencies of polyploidy as well as many multinucleated cells at 38.5 degrees 39.5 degrees. When the mutant cells were synchronized in metaphase by Colcemid arrest and then placed into fresh medium at nonpermissive temperature, they did not divide although the completion of mitosis appeared cytologically normal. Ultrastructural examination by electron microscopy of such synchronized cells at telophase revealed no specific defects in cellular components other than failure of development of a normal midbody. The sensitivity of the mutant to cytochalasin B and to Colcemid was the same as for wild-type cells. This mutation behaved as recessive in tetraploid cell hybrids constructed by fusing the mutant with a CHO strain which was wild-type with respect to temperature sensitivty.


Assignment of a structural gene for beta-glucuronidase to human chromosome C7. An electrophoretic technique was developed which allows the separation of human beta-glucuronidase (GUS EC 3.2.1.3.1) from the enzyme present in cultured murine. Chinese and Syrian hamster cells in one buffer system on Cellogel. Using this technique a number of independent human-mouse somatic cell hybrids have been analyzed for the segregation of GUS, other enzyme markers, and all human chromosomes. The results indicate that a structural gene for human beta-glucuronidase is located on chromosome C7.


Inhibition of the growth of mammalian cells in cuture by amino acids and the isolation and characterization of L-phenylalanine transport. Raising the concentration of phenylalanine and other amino acids in MEM leads to the inhibition of growth and in some cases to death of A9. Balb 3T3 , SV40 Balb 3T3 (SVT2), CHO, and WI38. All cells tested exhibited some similar senstivities to certain of the amino acids. but there were some unique differences. Phenylalanine-resistant mutants (Pher) of A9 were isolated that had modified phenylalanine-transport properties. These mutants can be isolated by a single-step selection procedure. A Lineweaver-Burk plot of initial rates of phenylalanine uptake by A9 and mutants showed a biphasic curve suggesting two transport systems. The Pher mutants had altered properties of both systems. It is suggested that the selection of clones resistant to high concentration of several of the natural amino acid may be used as a general method for the isolation of mutants affecting the various amino acid transport systems in mammalian cells.


Isolation and characterization of 5-fluorotryptophan-resistant mutants with altered L-tryptophan transport. Mutants of A9 mouse fibroblast, resistant to the killing effect of 0.4 mM 5-flurotryptophan (5-FT), have altered L-tryptophan transport properties. The resistant phenotype is stable for at least 90 generations of growth in MEM. A fluctuation test indicated that clones resistant to 0.4 mM 5-FT occurred spontaneously. An average mutation rate was estimated at 1.6 X 10(-6). Treatment with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine increased the frequency of these clones by at least 100-fold. These results indicate that the resistant clones arose as a result of a mutation. All the resistant mutant tested accumulate less 5-FT at near steady-state conditions than the wild type. Lineweaver-Burk plots of initial rates of tryptophan uptake yield a biphasic curve suggesting that tryptophan is transported by two transport systems. Kinetic constants determined by a computer program indicate that both proposed transport systems were modified in each of two 5-FT resistant mutants.


Mutant alleles for hypoxanthine phosphoriboxyltransferase: codominant expression, complementation, and segregation in hybrid Chinese hamster cells. Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants resistant to the purine analogs 6-thioguanine or 8-azaguanine have been isolated following mutagenesis with ethyl methane sulfonate. The activities of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) in three such mutants have been found to exhibit an increased Km for the substrate 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate. The isoelectric point of the mutant enzyme activity has also changed in two mutants. Hybrid cells containing one mutant and one wild-type allele express both genes. Segregants that have lost only the wild-type allele can be selected on the basis of drug resistance. Two mutants exhibiting different alterations in HPRT activity can complement in a hybrid cell to yield a wild-type growth pattern and enzyme activity with intermediate electrophoretic and kinetic properties. The results suggest intracistronic complementation between structural gene mutants of HPRT.


Inhibition of biological effects of bromodeoxyuridine by deoxycytidine: correlation with decreased incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine into DNA. The effects of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) on pigmentation, contact inhibition, cell morphology, and tumorogenicity of Syrian hamster melanoma cells are inhibited in the presence of deoxycytidine (dC). The inhibition of these biological effects of BrdU by dC is correlated with a decrease in the incorporation of BrdU into nuclear DNA. The results suggest that the intracellular changes resulting from the addition of dC to cells in the presence of BrdU are comparable to those resulting from a decrease in the concentration of BrdU in the medium.


[Coloring cells of the cornea of trout]. Cells from the eye cornea of Hexagrammos octagrammus which are responsible for changes of the cornea colour from bright orange to colourless, depending on the light conditions, are described. It was shown that the change in cornea colour was due to a shift of red pigment from the cell body into its processes (in the light) and in the opposite direction at the dark adaptation of animals. The ultrastructural constitution of these cells has a number of characteristics. The whole cell cytoplasm is filled up with fine lipid droplets wherein carotenoid pigments giving red colour to these cells are presumably dissolved; the cytoplasmic membrane forms numerous deep and branched folds into the cell and has a lot of pinocytose visicles; the cell body and especially the process display many microtubes arranged regularly. The described cells differ greatly in their form, size and ultrastructural constitution from the known types of pigment cells (melanophores, xanthophores and erythrophores). This makes it possible to consider them as chromatophores of an independent type.


[Phagocytic activity and reproduction of the trophoblast cells in the embryo of albino rat]. The phagocytic activity of primary and secondary giant cells of the white rat's trophoblast was studied in the course of differentiation. The highest activity occurs in the initial period of the foetus implantation to last within a limited time for 5--6 days. Both quantitative and qualitative differences were detected in phagocytic activities of the trophoblast cells during their growth. A question is discussed of the time synchronism between the phagocytic activity and the trophoblast cells polyploidization.


[Incorporation of H3-thymidine into the oocytes of a sterlet in the early meiotic prophase]. DNA synthesis in meiotic oocytes of the sterlet (A. ruthenus) has been studied during early prophase stages using H3-thymidine. The pattern of H3-thymidine incorporation is similar to that in oocytes of Amphibia and Osteichthyes. In the oogonia as well as in the leptotene and zygotene oocytes, the label is predominantly localized over chromosomes. An intensive incorporation of H3-thymidine into the material of the heterochromatic "cap" has been observed during pachytene. Thus, the main synthesis of extra DNA in the sterlet oocytes occurs during pachytene. No DNA in synthesized by the diplotene oocytes.


[Behavior of holokinetic chromosomes in the spermatogenesis of bugs]. Chromosomes were studied on the spermatogonial metaphase and on different stages of meiotic division in males of Eurydeme geblery Kol. and E. ventrale Kol. The set of male chromosomes of the above species involves six pairs of autosomes and an XY sex pair, which is commonly the case in Pentatomidae. In the spermatogenesis, division types are reductional for autosomes and equational for sex chromosomes in the first metaphase; but the situation is quite opposite in the second metaphase. The sex chromosomes of bugs undergo a "touch and go" pairing on the metaphase plate of the second spermatocyte, prior to segregating to opposite poles in the anaphase that follows. No constrictions occur along all the chromosomes at mitosis. This, combined with their behaviour at mitosis, may suggest that, likely as in other Hemiptera, the chromosomes are holokinetic. Nevertheless it is of interest to note that in meiosis the chromosomes behave as telocentric. This replacement of the holokinetic orientation by the telokinetic one in the meiosis of some organisms with diffuse centromere is supposed to depend on the phenomen called "construction of the kinetic activation".


[Characteristics of DNA replication of the chromosomes of the bone marrow cells in patients with acute leukemia]. A study of the late DNA replication pattern in chromosomes of human acute leucaemia cells revealed a significant diffrence from control. Chromosomes, 2,3 and 4-5 of the acute leucaemia cells finish their DNA replication earlier, and chromosomes 1, 13-15 and 16 later, compared to the control chromosomes. The difference in the pattern of DNA replication between analogous chromosomes of acute leucaemia and donor cells was associated with the discovery of large late-replicating chromatin blocks in the pericentromeric regions of leucaemia cell chromosomes. Some relationship is suggested between the pattern of pericentromeric heterochromatin DNA replication and cell differentiation.


[Effect of infectious factors on human and animal cytogenetic structures]. The analysis of blood leucocyte chromosomes has been carried out on 60 patients with different infectious diseases (influenza, measles, scarlet fever, and disentery), and on 47 patients immunized against measles, tick-born encephalitis, typhoid fever and brucellosis. The mutagenic influence of viruses on the genital cells of mice and on the human somatic cells in vitro was studied. Both viruses and bacteria appeared to be able to bring about different breaks in human and animal cells.


[Effect of valinomycin on the structure of water-lecithin liposomes]. It has been established that water--lecithin liposomes in the heptane phase are formed in the course of equilibration of lecithin solution in heptane with water phase containing Na, K-picrate. The salts penetrate both the water nucleus of liposomes and their lecithin shell. The addition of valinomycin to this system does not change the water content in liposomes, but considerably increases the salt absorbed by the lipid shell of liposomes. A characteristic S-shape curve showing the relation between picrate extraction and the valinomycin concentration might be explained as an indication of a cooperative change of the structure of lecithin shell. This phase transition is induced by one valinomycin molecule per 10(3)--10(4) lecithin molecules.


[Heterogeneity and heat resistance of esterases of the pancreas and liver of rats]. A higher heat resistance of loosely-attached microsomal esterases as compared with that of free esterases of the rat's pancreas is due to a higher proportion of heat resistant slow carboxylesterases in the former. More significant differences in the heat resistance of pancreas and liver is caused not only by different heterogeneity of esterases, but also by their qualitative differences.


[Cytogenetic study of continuous pig kidney cell cultures chronically infected with the Kilham virus]. A persistent infection of the continuous embryonal pig kidney cell cultures induced by a rat parvovirus (the Kilhem virus) did not alter morphological or karyological characteristics of the cultures, and caused no transformation of these. The data obtained suggests the resistance of the pig karyotype to the virus under investigation.


[Study of the karyotype of the malaria mosquito]. A study of the karyotype composition of 22 geographycally removed natural populations of the malarial mosquito Anopheles messeae Fall revealed a chromosomal polymorphism characteristic of the whole species. 13 paracentric inversions were detected, no other gene arrangements being discovered. All the inversions can be divided into two classes: 1) wide spread inversions in hetero- and homozygous forms; 2) endemic ones discovered in individual populations in the form of heterozygotes. According to the presented photomap of salivary gland chromosomes, the inversion localization are as follows: IL1 (2a--4a), IL2 (1c--4a), IL3 (2a--3b), IL4 (1c--3b), IIR1 (7c--12c), IIR2 (10b--14b), IIL1 (15b--17a), IIIR1 (24a--26c), IIIR2 (23a--24c), IIIR3 (23b--25c), IIIR4 (27c--29c), IIIR5 (27d--30c), IIIL1 (34a--39d).


[Study of mouse liver cell phosphorescence at deep cooling]. The spectrum and decay curves of phosphorescence of mouse liver cells at --180 degrees C was studied using the phosphorescence microscope. The phosphorescence studied was shown to involve two components with different life spans. Part of either component in the total spectrum is estimated. A conclusion is made that at least two different centers (or groups of centers) exist in cells with the same spectral region of phosphorescence with highly diverging life times of triplet states.


[Digital scanning-integrating cytospectrophotometer]. A principal scheme of the digital scanning and intergrating cytospectrophotometer is described which permits to measure the integrating optical density of specifically stained preparations, "spot" optical density of any absorbing preparations and the area of absorbing objects in two different levels of absorbtion.


[Effect of acetylsalicylic and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acids on liver mitochondrial respiration in rats]. Acetylsalicylate (2-5 mM) inhibited phosphorylating (condition III) and uncoupled respiration of rat liver mitochondria in vitro, when succinate and glutamate were used as substrates of oxidation. Lower concentrations of acetylsalicylate did not cause the uncoupling effect. Antirheumatic drug 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate activated the phosphorylation in mitochondria, if it was added up to concentrations of 0.5-5.0 mM for succinate and 0.5 mM for glutamate. An increase of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate concentration was accompanied by gradual inhibition of phosphorylating and uncoupled oxidation of succinate; activation of the respiration was completely abolished by addition of ADP, DNP and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate (20 mM). The data obtained suggest that the uncoupling effect of salicylate, which is formed by hydrolysis of acetylsalicylate in the organism, might be responsible for the toxic effect of the latter.


[Glycogenolysis indices in the skeletal muscles of rats with experimental rickets]. Content of glycogen and lactic acid was decreased in sceletal muscles of growing male rats during the acute periof of experimental rachitis. In developing rachitis an increase in locomotions, maintained during the experimental period, fostered the normalization of these patterns.


[Effect of Central Asian cobra (Naja naja oxiana) venom on the biosynthesis of nucleic acids and protein in animal cells]. Cobra poison at a dose of 4 microng/kg of body weight intensified the 3H-thimidine incorporation into DNA of mice liver tissue; 20-40 microng/kg of the poison inhibited the incorporation. Single intraperitoneal administration of high doses of cobra poison (50-150 microng/kg) decreased the incorporation of 14C-thimidine into DNA 1.2-1.9-fold. Little doses of the poison increased the incorporation of 14C-hydrolysate of Chlorella protein into proteins of liver cells and the high doses inhibited this process. Microdoses of cobra poison caused a distinct increase in weight of experimental mice.


[Enzymatic activity of the pentosephosphate pathway of carbohydrate conversion in the experimental therapy of dermatitis in rats]. An increase in the activity of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, transketolase, ribose-5-phosphatase and intensive conversion of glucose in pentosophosphate pathway in erythrocytes were observed in experimental rat contact dermatitis. Ultrasonic therapy was used (0.2 w/cm2 at impulse regimen of generator) for prevention and treatment of the dermatitis. Treatment of the dermatitis by ultraphonophoresis of sinalar was shown to be a suitable method, which caused the normalization of biochemical and structural processes in skin.


[Lactate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in the erythrocytes in diabetes mellitus]. In human erythrocytes activities of glucose-6-phosphate and lactate dehydrogenases were decreased approximately 2-fold in moderately severe and critical forms of diabetes mellitus, as compared with normal state. The lactate dehydrogenase activity was more distinctly decreased than the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. General medical treatment increased the activity of the enzymes (which catalyzed the ATP formation in erythrocytes) and normalized their relation.


[Ubiquinone and cholesterol content and biosynthesis in the hypertrophied kidney of white rats following unilateral nephrectomy]. Within 3 days after dextralateral nephrectomy the weight of left kidney was increased by 24.0%, yield of mitochondrial protein--on the average, by 38.0%, the succinate dehydrogenase activity--by 40.0%. Content of ubiquinone was essentially unaltered in kidney within 3 days after the nephrectomy; in mitochondria concentration of the coenzyme (calculated per mg of protein) was decreased at the 3-rd day after the operation. Biosynthesis of ubiquinone was increased at the 2-nd day after the nephrectomy in slices of hypertrophied kidney; it was studied by incorporation of 1-14C-acetate. Biosynthesis of cholesterol was increased at the same time, especially within the 1-st and 2-nd days after the operation. Content of cholesterol was increased in hypertrophied kidney within the 3-rd day after the operation.


[Fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase and ketose-1-phosphate aldolase isoenzyme spectra in the kidneys normally and in uranyl acetate poisoning]. Activities of both aldolases were distinctly decreased in acute kidney insufficiency, caused by administration of uranyl acetate. The decrease in the activity of fructose-1,6-diphosptate aldolase was more distinct which led to alteration in ratio between fructose -1,6-diphosphate and ketose-1-phosphate aldolases. The isozyme spectra of the enzymes were also altered. Isozymes of fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase AB2 and of ketose-1-phosphate aldolase form 22 possessed the same electrophoretic mobility but their relative activity was increased 2-3-fold under conditions of the acute kidney insufficiency. At the same time, the more electrophoretically mobile isozymes were not detected.


[Increase in the lipid peroxide content in the blood and aortas of rabbits with experimental atherosclerosis]. Content of lipid peroxides was estimated in blood and aorta of intact rabbits by means of highly sensitive polarographic method, using a mercuric electrode. Content of lipoperoxides in blood and aorta was increased 4.4- and 3.6-fold, respectively, in animals with pronounced experimental atherosclerosis. The oxidation of lipoperoxides caused a distinct increase in content of intermolecular bindings in amino-containing phospholipids in aorta of rabbits with pronounced atheromatosis.


[Effect of histidine on the malonic dialdehyde content in the tissues in experimental myocardial infarct]. Content of malone dialdehyde (product of peroxidative oxidation of fatty acids, estimated by the reaction with thiobarbituric acid) was increased in blood serum, cytoplasms, mitochondria of heart and liver tissues during the acute period of experimental myocardial infarction. After administration of histidine concentration of malone dialdehyde was distinctyly decreased in the tissues studied.


[Study of the conditions for the breakdown of mixed disulfides between aminothiol protectors and cell proteins as factors that determine the stability of the disulfide bonds]. A glutathione reductase activity was unaltered in thymus and liver tissue and slightly increased in spleen of rats within 15-30 min after administration of a radioprotector mercaptoethylamine. At the same time an activation of unspecific disulphide reductase occured. The both enzymes participated in spliting of mercaptoethylamine disulphides coupled with proteins. The radioprotective effectiveness of the aminothiol was, though partially, due to development of these disulfides. Retention of disulfides between the protector and cell proteins could be extended up to 1 h. by administration of mercaptoethylamine into rats with decreased content of endogenous glutathione, caused by the previous treatment with cyclohexene.


[Macroergic phosphates in the brain under hypoxia]. Acute hypoxic hypoxia ("height" 7000 m) did not cause distinct alterations in content of adenyl and guanyl nucleotides from brain tissue. Negative alterations in the pool of macroergic phosphates occurred in a deficit of oxygen ("height" 8000 m). Short-term training with hypoxia prevented the alterations in nucleotide pool even if the extreme hypoxia was applied ("height" 9000 m). Pre-cooling of animals promoted the maintenance of nucleotide pool at the "height" of 8000 and 9000 m. Hypothermia did not protect against the distinct alterations in content of both adenyl and guanyl nucleotides under conditions of oxygen deficit ("height" 9500 m and 1100 m).


[Role of adrenergic mechanisms in the regulation of aspartate aminotransferase isoenzyme activity in the liver of white rats]. Cytoplasmic (c) and mitochondrial (m) isozymes of aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) (EC 2.6.1.1) were isolated from white rat liver tissue by means of electrophoresis in agar gel. For the enzymes Km values, pH optima were estimated and conditions, suitable for the reaction, were studied. On the basis of activating effectiveness on c-AAT the catecholamines were arranged in decreasing order as follows: adrenaline, isadrine, noradrenaline. Towards the m-AAT the series was: noradrenaline, isadrine, adrenaline. Obsidane decreased the action of adrenaline more effectively than it did isadrine. Phentholamine did not alter the effect of noradrenalin on c-AAT, but distinctly decreased the m-AAT activity. Beta-adrenergic receptor, but not alpha-receptor, participated in regulation of the AAT isozymes activity. Adrenaline promoted and isadrine inhibited the penetration of m-AAT into cytoplasma. Obsidane increased the effect of these catecholamines. After administration of phentholamine an increase in the AAT activity was caused by an increase in content of catecholamines in the organism.


[Glycosaminoglycans of normal and pathologically altered articular cartilage]. Glycosaminoglycans of tegmental cartilage of human caput femoris were separated into the fractions, which were identified as keratosulfate, hyaluronic acid, heparitin sulphate, chondroitin-4-sulphate, chondroitin-6-sulphate, dermatan sulphate and heparin. Content of glycosaminoglycans in articular cartilage of healthy persons and patients with deforming arthrosis was determined. Content of sulphatated polysaccharides (dermatan sulphate, chondroitin-6-sulphate, keratosulfate and heparitin sulphate) was shown to be distinctly decreased in the cartilage of the patients as compared with the amount of the polysaccharides in the same tissue of healthy persons.


[Effect of hydrocortisone and insulin on the synthesis of ribonucleic acids in the nuclei and cytoplasm of the liver cells of sexually immature male rates]. A prolonged (within 4 days) administration of hydrocortisone or protamin-Zn-insulin into preadolescent male rats with body weight of 70-90 g caused a distinct increase in the synthesis of DNA-like RNA, precursor of ribosomal RNA in nuclei and ribosomal RNA in cytoplasma of liver tissue. Protamin-Zn-insulin, after simultaneous administration with hydrocortisone, suppressed the increase in the synthesis of liver RNA fractions studied. The data obtained suggest that DNA-like RNA, precursor of ribosomal RNA from nuclei and ribosomal RNA from cytoplasma of liver tissue of preadolescent male rats participate in the synthesis of transaminases in liver tissue. The signigicant role of androgenes was assumed to consist in carring out the inducing effect of glucocorticoids and insulin, which influenced to a variable degree the synthesis of DNA-like RNA, of ribosomal RNA precursors from nuclei and of ribosomal RNA from liver tissue cytoplasma in preadolescent and adult animals.


[Change in the antioxidizing activity of the lipids during aging]. Antioxidative activity (AOA) of lipids in mice liver was decreased in the old animals. The rate of the AOA decrease varied in different strains of mice. Alteration in the AOA is a phenomenon typical, but unspecific, for the senescence process. Senescence belongs to the pathological states, which occur at the decreased level of the AOA. Similar alterations in AOA were noted in radiation disease, stress state, hyperoxia, intoxications. Development of these pathological states could be inhibited or prevented by means of substances, increasing the antioxidative activity. At the same time the substances, known as inhibitors of senescence, were shown to increase the AOA in vivo. The effect of substances on the antioxidative activity of lipids is considered as a useful test for selection of agents, which appear promising as drugs for prolongation of survival periods.


[Electrophoretic study of liver histones in the postnatal ontogeny of white rats: the effect of testosterone propionate and gonadectomy]. By means of polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis heterogeneity, electrophoretic mobility and relative content of different fractions of histones in nuclei of liver cells were studied in gonadectomized Wistar rats and in castrated in intact animals, administered with testosteone propionate. In all the experiments a significant conservatism of histone proteins  was found in postnatal development. In animals, treated with the endocrine preparations, the age peculiarities were shown to reflect the quanitative proportion of different histone fractions.


[Catecholamine content in the adrenals in meningococcal infection]. Content of adrenaline and DOPA was distinctly decreased in adrenal glands of 32 persons who died of meningitis, as compared with 7 persons, death of which was caused by trauma. The lowest content of catecholamines was found in cases of development of meningoencephalitis and also after massive hemorrhages into the adrenal glands. The alterations observed were due to impairment of the synthesis, secretion and probably, storage of biogenic amines in the adrenal medulla.


[Possible change in the substrate specificity of the monoamine oxidase of rat brain and liver mitochondria in hyperoxia]. Maintenance of animals in conditions of increased oxygen pressure at 4 atm within 1 h caused a decrease in activity of monoamine oxidase from rat brain mitochondria and liver tissue; at the same time, deamination of putrescine and AMP was increased. Deamination of glucosamine was also observed in brain mitochondria. The qualitative alterations in the monoamine oxidase activity were more distinct in brain than in liver tissue. The enzymatic activity was partially restored by addition of ascorbic acid to the suspension of mitchondria.


[Delay in thrombin clearance as a diagnostic test of prethrombosis in depression of the anticoagulation system caused by atherogenic diet]. Decrease in 131I-thrombin clearance and decrease in absorption of complexes of thrombin with other substances in liver tissue were observed under conditions of depression of anticoagulation system found in animals maintained on altherogenic diet. Prolonged administration of an antisclerotic drug "Linetol" and of vitamin A into these animals promoted restoration of anticoagulation system. The restoration was tested by intensification of 131I-thrombin clearance and by accumulation of 131I-thrombin-heparin complex in liver tissue. Decrease in thrombin clearance, in combination with other tests, could be used for diagnosis of prethrombosis under conditions of experimental depression of anti-coagulation system.


[Antivitamin activity of thiaminase from freshwater bicuspid molluscs after parenteral administration of the enzyme to albino mice]. Thiaminase from bicuspid mollusc, after a single administration into mice (25 or 50 un, subcutaneously), caused a decrease in the activity of transketolase and alpha-ketoglutaric acid dehydrogenase in the animal tissues within 3 hrs. The maximal antivitaminous effect of thiaminase was manifested within 2-5 days and slightly decreased within 7 days (at a dose of 25 un). Amount of thiamin was decreased in mice liver tissue from 6.54+/-0.36 mcg/g to 4.84+/-0.23 mcg/g within the second day after the thiaminase administration. Transketolase and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase from liver and kidney were more sensitive to the antivitaminous effect of thiaminase. General condition of the animals was not altered by parenteral administration of thiaminase during a week. Thiaminase may be recommended for modelling of thiamin deficiency in animals maintained at conventional diets.


[Binding of C14-histamine by plasma membranes of cells from gastric mucosa of rats]. It was established that in rat gastric mucosa cells the receptor proteins capable of binding 14C-histamine were components of plasma membranes. Analysis (by Scatchard method) of curves of 14C-histamine binding by receptor proteins demonstrated that in plasma membranes there were two types of receptors: with high and low affinity to histamine. A specific histamine H2-receptor blockator--burimamide--inhibited competitively the binding of labelled histamine by plasma membranes. The data obtained suggest that the activation of adenyl cyclase by histamine is the result of specific binding of this amine by proteins of plasma membranes in rat gastric mucosa cells.


[Method of gradient chromatography for the isolation of purified lipid fractions from nerve tissue in studies using radioactive carbon, C14]. A method is developed for separation of lipids from nervous tissue by thin-layer chromatography in silica gel. Cholesterol and "minor" lipids were removed from the start by the first chromatography in the system ether-benzol-ethanol-acetic acid. Phospholipids and galactolipids, which remained at the start, were separated by the repeated chromatography in the system chloroform-methanol-NH4OH. The purified fractions of cholesterol, cerebrosides, sulfatides and the total fraction of phospholipids were obtained from 100-150 mg of nervous tissue in amounts, sufficient for estimation of their specific radioactivity in experiments with 14C.


[Effect of insulin and hydrocortisone on the isoenzyme composition of pyruvate kinase in the rabbit kidney]. Alloxan diabetes, starvation of rabbits within one day and administration of hydrocortisone during 5 days did not cause distinct alterations in the total activity of pyruvate kinase in kidney cortex. At the same time pronounced alterations in the isozyme spectra were observed: the L-type activity of pyruvate kinase was decreased and the M2-type of activity was increased. The total activity and the isozyme content of pyruvate kinase were only slightly altered in starvation of rabbits during 3 or 10-16 days and after administration of protamine-Zn-insulin during 3 days. Hydrocortisone caused variable effects on the pyruvate kinase isozymes from kidney cortex, depending on periods of administration.


[Effect of insulin of acetylation of histones and non-histone proteins in the cell nuclei of the liver of albine rats of different age]. After administration of insulin acetylation of histones and acid proteins in liver cell nuclei was decreased within 30 min; it increased gradually within 120 min and there was no difference as compared with control within 360 min in young animals. Incorporation of acetate label into proteins was inhibited within 90 min after the hormone loading in old animals and it did not differ from control within 120 min. Under these conditions acetylation of globulin proteins was decreased within 30 min; it approached the control level within 60 min after which it did not distinctly alter ad compared with the control.


[Factor XIII as a stimulator of thrombin activity]. The coagulating activity of thrombin was increased by 120% and the esterase activity--by 100% after incubation of thrombin with factor XIII. Factor XIII also stimulated generation of thrombin in the test of two-step estimation of prothrombin. The effect, arising from the interaction of factor XIII with thrombin, was specific for this enzyme because the esterase activity of trypsin was not increased during incubation of enzyme with factor XIII under the same conditions. The data obtained suggest that factor XIII or its fragment are effectors of enzymatic activity of thrombin in vitro and in vivo.


[Nature of changes in the activity of certain enzymes of energy metabolism in the liver after partial sympathectomy]. Partial sympathectomy of rat liver, carried out by bilateral section of celiac nerves, caused a distinct increase in the activity of hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and (less distinctly) of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase in liver tissue. The alterations in glucokinase activity were not statistically significant. Noradrenaline disappeared completely from rat liver after the celiac nerves section. Activities of the above-mentioned enzymes were altered to the same degree in sympathectomized liver of adrenalectomized animals. The increase in the hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was prevented by administration of actinomycin D immediately after the section of celiac nerves. The data obtained suggest that after section of liver celiac nerves the alterations in the enzymatic activities are determined by the increase of their biosynthesis and occur as a result of impairment of liver sympathetic innervation.


[Activity of protein-synthesizing system and RNA synthesis in the liver and spleen of rats in stress caused by burns]. Period of decreased protein synthesis was observed in rats within first hours, after burns but later on the synthesis was distinctly increased in liver and spleen tissues. This increase was apparently due to induction of RNA synthesis as actinomycin D removed the effect of burns on the protein synthesis. Immediately after the burns incorporation of 14C-orotic acid into rapidly-lebelling RNA of rat liver tissue was increased; the increased RNA synthesis was observed and at the 3-rd day after burns.


[Activation of the rate of enzymatic formation of sulfhydryl groups by serotonin]. Administration of serotonin into animals and incubation of serotonin with homogenates stimulated disulphide reductase in liver and spleen tissues. The effect of serotonin in vivo was probably mediated by liberation of catecholamines; it was eliminated by pyrilene and reserpine. The reflex mechanisms of catecholamines liberation were mediated by serotonin through serotonin-receptors of T-type. Alteration in the disulphide reductase activity correlated with the increased content of thiols after administration of serotonin.


[Effect of diet with high fat content on lipogenesis in the liver, lipid composition and lipoprotein spectrum of blood]. Content of lipids and lipoprotein composition in blood did not reflect the intensity of lipogenesis in liver tissue of rats, which were kept on diets with high content of vegetable or animal fats. Both diets with excess of fat increased the rate of acetylation reaction in synthesis of glycerides and esterification of free cholesterol in liver tissue. In this case secretion of synthesized lipids into blood was decreased. Excess of vegetable oil, as distinct from animal fat, decreased the content of glycerides, pre-beta and beta-lipoproteins in blood and activated the synthesis of free cholesterol in liver tissue.


[Degradation of transfer RNA from skeletal muscles of rats during autolysis]. sRNA were extracted from postmitochondrial fraction of rat sceletal muscles by the phenol method. Their yield, physico-chemical properties and acceptor activity during postmortal destruction were studied. Within 2 days after the death yield of sRNA was decreased by 18-20% with maintenance of the physico-chemical properties studied. At the same time the acceptor activity (towards 4 amino acids) was distinctly decreased. For various amino acids correlation between a decrease in the acceptor activity and the time of autolysis was different. Three peaks of radioactivity were observed when 14C-phenyl-alanine-sRNA was fractionated on DEAE-Sephadex A-25; two of them were distinctly decreased after 24 hrs autolysis but the third one was maintained almost without alterations. The data obtained suggest that separate types of sRNA are degraded selectively at early steps of postmortal autolysis.


[Effect of insulin of dehydrogenases of pentosephosphate pathway and content of free fatty acids in rat kidney]. After administration of insulin into rats activity of dehydrogenases of pentosephosphate pathway was not altered in cortex and medulla of kidney as distinct from the liver tissue. Concentration of free fatty acids was slightly lower in soluble fraction of kidney cortex than in blood plasma and higher than in preparation from kidney medulla. Alterations in content of free fatty acids were not observed in the preparations of kidney of rats with alloxan diabetes.


[Determination of total and inorganic phosphorus in the presence of organic phosphoric acid esters and proteins]. Total phosphorus was estimated after mineralization of a sample, containing organic phosphoesters and proteins; a method is based on the formation of phosphomolybdenovanadium complex at acid pH. The analyses for inorganic phosphorus were carried our together with estimation if some labile phosphoesters (glucose-I-phosphate, ADP, ATP), which was possible due to low acidity of the medium (0.24 N HC1O4), small concentrations of reagents (3.2 mg/ml of molybdate, 0.08 mg/ml vanadate), addition of sodium citrate to neutralize the excess of molybdenovanadium acid and extraction of the colored complex with butyl or isobutyl alcohol. Optical density was measured at two wave lengths (340 nm and 390 nm) which enabled to estimate from 0.5 to 80 microng of phosphrorus in a sample.


[Effect of rimantadine on the synthesis of virus-specific RNA in the culture of cells infected with Sindbis virus]. Effect of rimanthadine (alpha-methyl-I-adamantane methylamine) on the synthesis of virus specific RNA was studied in culture of cells, infected with Syndbis virus. Rimanthadine inhibits the synthesis of virus specific RNA beginning from the 3-rd hr of infection. A magnitude of inhibition from the 3-rd to the 7-th hrs of infection was practically the same and exceeded 50%. In the presence of rimanthadine "early" RNA was formed (with sedimentation constant of 20-14 S), where radioactivity was lowered as compared with control; formation of more "late" RNA peaks (43 S, 34 S and 26 S) was completely prevented within these periods of infection.


Agenesis of pancreas and gall-bladder in an infant of incest. Fatal diabetic coma was observed in a small-for-gestational-age newborn of brother-sister incest. Post mortem examinations revealed congenital absence of the pancreas and gall-bladder.


Trace elements in the serum of mothers and their children. The serum copper, zinc and iron levels, iron binding capacity and coeruloplasmin activity were determined in 28 maternal and cord bloods and in 50 infants and children. At the end of the gestation period the serum copper level increased, iron concentration remained unchanged while the level of zinc decreased significantly as compared to the values for healthy, non-pregnant women. Iron and zinc concentrations at birth were significantly higher in the newborn than in the mother, whereas the copper level amounted only to 20% of the maternal value. Subsequently, the copper level increased to reach the lower limit of healthy adults in the first to second year of life. The remarkably high neonatal zinc concentration fell significantly in the first 2 to 4 weeks of life and decreases to the normal adult level at one year of age. The changes in the trace element concentrations may be due to quantitative differences in the transporting proteins, variations in placental permeability and in the function of transfer proteins.


Immunoglobulin E in the sera of infants and children. The serum IgE level has been studied from birth up to 14 years of age. The mean serum IgE concentration was found to be correlated with age. Parallel measurements in cord blood and maternal blood yielded a mean of 25 I.U./ml (range, 0--90 I.U.) for the former and one of 124 I.U./ml (range, 50-600 I.U.) for the latter. The normal IgE level ranged from 20 to 100 I.U./ml in infants and from 100 to 200 I.U./ml in children, but even values of 400 to 600 I.U. did not necessarily reflect a pathological condition. In the majority of patients with eczema, urticaria and spastic bronchitis, high IgE levels were measured. The highest individual and mean values were obtained in children harbouring intestinal helminths, though a normal IgE level also occurred in such patients. In coeliac disease the values were within normal limits.


Idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome: acoustic, laryngoscopic and radiological investigation. The breathing pattern in IRDS has been analysed by sound recording, direct laryngoscopy and chest X-rays. The reflex mechanism operative in IRDS was found to be a modified version of the Hering-Breuer reflex; in a certain phase of inspiration the respiratory muscles relax and passive expiration begins. In IRDS, at the end of the short inspiratory phase accompanied by grunting the glottis is suddenly closed, and collapse of the alveolar space is prevented. The small opening of the glottis before the next inspiration serves the same purpose, and the air passing through it is heard as grunting. As soon as the alveolar space is emptied, the glottis becomes wide open and a quick inspiration follows. The modified Hering-Breure reflex increases the respiratory tract pressure and thus prevents collapse of the alveolar space. When the newborn is no longer capable of the excess extra work required for grunting, the decompensated phase of IRDS sets in. Gas exchange rapidly deteriorates and the white lung pattern is visible on the chest X-ray.


Altered response in vitro of the human umbilical artery to sera of neonates with respiratory distress syndrome and other hypoxic conditions. A study was made of the reaction of the human umbilical artery and the isolated rabbit auricular artery to protein-free ultrafiltrates of normal and hypoxic sera originating from neonates suffering from RDS or other acute metabolic disturbances. While a normal serum ultrafiltrate caused an enhanced contraction of the umbilical artery, hypoxic sera exerted a weaker pressor activity. At the same time, on the rabbit's isolated auricular artery the hypoxic sera exhibited a higher pressor activity. The phenomenon is in agreement with the clinical observation that spontaneous closure of the umbilical vessels is delayed in the case of fetal hypoxia.


The metabolic effects of glucagon infusion in normoglycaemic and hypoglycaemic small-for-gestational-age infants. I. Changes in blood glucose, blood lactate and plasma free fatty acids. The response to glucagon infusion of blood glucose, blood lactate and plasma FFA was studied in 7 normoglycaemic and 7 hypoglycaemic SGA infants. The infants received glucagon at a rate of 0.2 microng/kg/min into a cephalic vein for a period of four hours. Glucagon caused a marked and significant rise in blood glucose in both groups; from 66 +/- 12 mg/100 ml to 136 +/- 16 mg/100 ml in the normoglycaemic, and from 22 +/- 2 mg/100 ml to 69 +/- 13 mg/100 ml in the hypoglycaemic infants. The time course of the response was different: while in the former group blood glucose declined after the second hour of glucagon infusion, in the hypoglycaemic group the response persisted throughout the test period. In the normoglycaemic SGA infants FFA fell rapidly in response to glucagon, whereas no significant change occurred in hypoglycaemic infants. The different baseline lactate concentrations were not affected significantly.


The metabolic effects of glucagon infusion in normoglycaemic and hypoglycaemic small-for-gestational-age infants. II. Changes in plasma amino acids. Altogether 17 individual amino acids were determined before and during glucagon infusion in normoglycaemic and hypoglycaemic SGA infants. The magnitude and time course of the response in total plasma amino acids to glucagon infusion (0.2 microng/kg/min for four hours) differed in the two groups: while in the normoglycaemic SGA infants a significant hypoaminoacidaemia was noted by the second hour of glucagon infusion, in the hypoglycaemic newborns no appreciable changes were observed. In the former group altogether twelve amino acids showed a progressive and significant decline. The fall of three important gluconeogenic amino acids alanine, glycine,proline, and that of three branched chain amino acids was particularly striking. In contrast, in the hypoglycaemic infants the amino acids were not significantly affected by glucagon infusion. This unresponsiveness of plasma amino acids was probably transient as judged from the moderate hypoaminoacidaemia noted by the end of the infusion period. The observations seem to have important implications regarding the influence of glucagon on hepatic glucose production, and its possible therapeutic importance in the management of hypoglycaemic intrauterine malnourished infants.


[Presuppositions and orientations in sex education literature. Brief report of an observation]. This article publishes the result of a gallup done with 40 books and publications dealing with sexual education and representing styles and tendencies as diversified as possible. The aim consisted insearching the multisciplinary structure (physiology, psychology, sociology, ethics...) on which the authors rely explicitely for proposing pedagogic orientations. It appears from analyses that the educational aim is most often limited to an information giving the greatest importance to anatomophysiological factors of reproductive functions. A larger concept of sexuality including dimensions of body eroticism, on the one hand, and psychological, social and relational ethical factors, on the other hand, is rejected by some authors proning pedagogic "neutrality". These dimensions are used in an "engaged pedagogy" by other authors, but differently according to their view of "sexual liberalisation" or humanistic or christian sexual ethics. Critical considerations are added to the description of these various tendencies.


[Sexologies: discussions and desires].

[Sexologies: discussions and desires]. The present reflexion deals with the phenomenon of sexology and more precisely with sexologists. The author questions the sense of concepts apparently opposed to a scientific sexology anthropology. The key is searched in the way of being sexologists, their experience of pleasure, anxiety, the power based on knowledge and action. Their own experience guides their concepts of social order and sexual (dis)order. Sexuality itself, implicating sexologists in its relational essence, analogous to language, carries the dialectic elements found in sexology.


[The transsexual enigma. Apropos of the work of Jan Morris "Enigma"]. The fixity of the therapeutic demand of the transsexual renders it refractory to psychotherapeutic analysis, which always tries to reveal an other demand behind the explicit demand. But the transsexual wants nothing else than to obtain from the medical wf his intime conviction to belong to the opposite sex despite his non equivoqual hormonal anatomic and genetic sex. As a consequence, he demands surgical correction of this mistake of nature. The author wants to draw from J. Morris's remarquable work, both on human and literary grounds, the essential axis of the deep problems of the transsexual: the precocious apparition of the conviction which becomes irreversible, the concern to have it accredited by scientists, a desexualised verbalisation with a rich claim for gender (psychological sex), the impact of the desire of the mother on the future of the subject, the necessary idealisation of the mother (virgin cult), the problem of castration, the link between identity and recognition by the other. The psychotherapeutic failure gives rise to an important theoretical lesson which is clearly illustrated in the transsexual: one can not conound penis and phallus (Lacan), because if the transexxual is ready to live without the former, it is to obtain (or become) the latest.


[Morals and sex deviations].

[Morals and sex deviations]. Deviance is today more often recognized. It questions norms or established order. Sociology, medicine, law, moral, even if they use the same terms, such as deviance or normality, deal with these realities differentialy. Being more conscious of it allows to define the conditions of a more true and serene dialogue, starting from various disciplines. One wonders more particularly on the specific role of moral. Must the elaboration of moral norms be done in reference to "normality", or do we have to look for lines of sexual humanization?


[Psychology and fecundity. Motivations for parenthood]. Questions relating to population problems are more and more important at different levels, i.e. political, economic, national and international. In demographical research, sociological analyses were routine, but other disciplines such as psychology have rarely been emphasized for understanding mechanisms of fecondity. In a preliminary research on motivations to parenthood, this article proposes a critical analysis of the main orientations of research in the area of fecondity: socio-psychological studies, analytical and other works psychologically oriented on attitudes, motivations and values towards the child. It also delines the conceptual frame for a new research.


The importance of hygienic practices during the collection and bottling of mineral water. Natural water suitable for direct bottling must be clear, colourless, and free from objectionable taste and odour. The mineral content must be limited in amount, otherwise the water would come within the medicinal water category. There should be no detectable organic matter present and the water must be of the highest bacteriological quality -- virtually sterile - and should remain in this condition during the collection and bottling processes. In order to achieve and maintain this high quality, the gathering grounds of the source must be protected from pollution; the construction of the well or spring must be such as to prevent external contamination, as also should be the collecting and bottling apparatus. Personnel employed in the factory should wear protective clothing and be regularly checked as to their freedom from waterborne infectious diseases. Control of the water as to its hygienic quality should be by regular and frequent analysis of samples of the water and the air at various points in the process and in the factory. A new problem that has arisen and has to be faced in this situation is the risk of contamination by certain materials in contact with the water that may contain substances that encourage the growth of saprophytic bacteria which would contaminate by the production of taste, odour, discolouration, cloudiness and definite evidence of microbial growth. It is emphasized that the extent of this new problem is not yet delineated and that methods of laboratory control and safeguards against such happenings are still evolving.


La signification du nombre et de la nature des microorganismes telluriques présents dans l'eau minérale a l'émergence. Water of the best protected mineral sources always contains a small number (often less than 10/ml) of "authochtonous" bacteria which multiply and subsist infinitely in the underground sheets. These bacteria are psychrotrophic, able to multiply in the absence of detectable traces of organic matter, but grow better in the presence of organic matter. They are very sensitive to the antiseptic agents currently used to purify drinking water. For reasons that are still unknown, these bacteria rapidly multiply in bottled water. However, this multiplication never leads to appearance of a sufficiently great number of populations to affect the limpidity of the water. It has been demonstrated that these autochtonous bacteria are not able to become established., i.e. to multiply and subsist in a great number in the digestive tract of axenic mice receiving mineral water. The conclusion of this is that there are no risks for multiplication of this bacteria in the organism of the consumer. The absolute number of these bacteria in bottled water has therefore no sanitary significance for the consumer and it seems not to be justified to establish strandard recommendations with respect to this. In the water sheet, only an abrupt rise in the number of autochtonous bacteria beyond the usual level, which varies much according to sheets, represents an unfavourable indication. Indeed, this might correspond to an accidental infiltration of organic matter and consequently of pathogenic bacteria into the water sheet. Search for bacteria as indicators of fecal pollutions therefore remains the most reliable method for estimating the hygienic quality of mineral water or of any other food products.


[Comparative studies on the course of microbial flora in natural mineral waters bottled in glass, PVC and laminated polyethylene]. The Authors report the results of comparative investigations carried out on some mineral waters bottled in various containers (laminated polyethylene, glass, PVC). The microbic charges vary in relation to the kind of container and resulted to be lower in the case of containers made of polyethylene.


[Legal aspects of mineral waters].

[Legal aspects of mineral waters]. The Author takes up the subject of the report in order to carry out a comprehensive legal recognition of the mineral water regulations in Italy and emphasizes that in this field the results of scientific conclusions, or rather of the various scientific branches (medical hydrology, microbiology, chemics, hydrogeology, medical clinics, pharmacology, etc.) supply a cognitive support to the legislator and the substantial contents to the legal standards. He therefore illustrates the two main outlines of the rules, i.e. the hygienic sanitary one and the mineral one: such lay-out is subsequently related to the implementation of the Regions on one hand and to the enforcement of CEE-rules on the other. This has led to the fact that the hygienic-sanitary legislation was confirmed to the State while the mineral one was transferred to the Regions. After having shown up contrasts and expressed the necessity of clearness and uniformity of rules and criteria, the Author connects these requirements mainly with the implementation of hygienic-sanitary surveillance and consequently with the evaluation of the banal bacterical contents under the point of view of merit--i.e. the rules should include the probative results of science--as well as from a point of view of coordinated allotments of competence by the various organisms.


[Considerations on critics towards conditioned waters (drinking water in general and particularly mineral water) especially from the microbiological point of view]. After having precised what has incited to extend our considerations reported at the International Congress on Microbiology for Mineral Waters to all the conditioned waters, in a "first part" we have examined the drawbacks imputed to the water itself. a) In a first analytical chapter, we have made the schedule and the critical examination of the different reproaches given to conditioned waters on considering successively: 1) Special drawbacks (although these are of an other category than microbiology) which were given, whichever type of supply (loose, at the tap, or splitted up when the water is conditioned), to some categories of waters (carbonated and mineral) because of their nature by the fact that these waters do not show the charactheristics of potability with regard to the legislation and administration. This examination leads to eliminate those reproaches because the consumer knows to which he is exposed, being forewarned: -when he is using mineral water at the cure-resort, by the thermal consultant who is watching over him, -when he is using one or the other of the conditioned waters, -either by the medical practictioner, who should give him the contre-indicates; -either by indicating on the label, if not the contre-indicates (like we would hope that they figure on), at least the composition (which now figures within the EEC).


[Problems in the interpretation of hygienic indices of mineral waters in the light of current standards]. After several references to the Italian laws now in force in this field, the Author emphasizes the necessity of bringing them up to date both from an analytical and from an explanatory point of view. In particular, he calls attention to the difficulties to be encountered in establishing regulations in view of the presence of saprophytes in natural waters.


[Evaluation of diabetic glycemic control in hospital and extra-hospital regimen (author's transl)]. It is suggested an evaluation of the degree of diabetic control in insulin-dependent "difficult" patient, during the period following the discharge from hospital. In 13 cases, the quality of glycemic regulation was compared in intra- and extra-hospital therapeutic regimen by means of 3 new indices of the diurnal blood sugar profile: the Mbs, delta, and Mdelta values. Mbs value describescribes the mean level of the blood sugar curve; delta indicates the amplitidue of the glycemic variability field; Mdelta reports both maximal and minimal extremes of the curve. A combination of the first two parameters proved adequate for a clinical assessment of diabetic control. In the majority of the cases, blood glucose patterns were found similar or even improve in extra-hospital conditions. The insulin dosage ordered during hospital staying was confirmed in all, but one, patients. Psychological approach is probably essential for such good results. The procedure seems to be suitable in order to establish a more correct starting point for an effective treatment of the diabetic out-patient.


[Long-term clinical results with monocomponent insulin (MC lente) in infantile and juvenile diabetes]. The clinical role of insulin-antibody formation, with reference to the monocomponent insulin treatment (MC), is discussed in a series of diabetological conditions. On the basis of a five-year-experience, personal results with a MC Lente treatment are presented in 32 cases of juvenile diabetes subdivided as follows: 3 cases with insulin allergy, 5 cases with insulin lipoatrophy, 13 cases with high insulin requirement, 4 cases with brittle diabetes, 7 cases with diabetic microangiopathy (retinal and, or renal). The circulating antibody level was estimated by IgG-Insulin-Binding Capacity (IB), according to Christiansen. After transfer from conventional to MC insulin treatment it was observed: -- disappearance of allergy and total remission of lipoatrophy, in parallel with a reduction of IB titer; -- decrease in insulin requirement and stabilisation of labile diabetic control, not always in concomitance with IB reduction; -- deterioration of advanced diabetic retinopathy and, or nephropathy in spite of IB reduction. It is concluded that MC insulin constitutes a major tool in the treatment of the above mentioned diabetic conditions, except for advanced microangiopathy. Thus a MC insulin treatment should be started, as a rule, in newly diagnosed diabetics, to possibly prevent such complications. However further development of insulin purification techniques, with removal of residual pro-insulin antigenic sites, is to be considered.


[Dynamic telethermography in E.N.T. cancerology]. Thermography is used in human pathology to capture and visualise infra-red rays emitted directly and spontaneously by the human body. The author first describes the main techniques of thermography, their indications their advantages and their potential problems:--contact thermography;--static thermography; --dynamic telethermography. The information provided by the latter in the case of E.N.T. and cervico-facial malignancies should be interpreted with caution and only as a complement to other investigations such as radiography, echography and isotope studies. The following features are seen: --the low value of cerevical hyperthermia in relation to lymphadenopathies, due to the "thermal interference" of the great vessels of the neck; --the contrast between large lymphadenopathies which are often quite cold in comparison with small lymphadenopathies which are always hot; --the value of the method in determining extension of a skin tumour, for the surveillance of areas already tready by surgery or physical agents, in seeking and discovering an endo-cavitray neoplastic zone or a bone metastasis.


[Benign osteoblastoma. Apropos of a case localized in the upper maxilla]. Benign osteoblastoma is a benign bone tumour identified fairly recently. The names of Jaffe and Lichtenstein are associated with published work. Localisation in the maxillary sinus, as in the case presented here, is quite rare. Clinical examination reveals the presence of the tumour but gives no precise indication as to its nature. X-ray documents favourised its benign nature. Only histological study precisely determines the diagnosis, definitely eliminating the possibility of malignancy and, finally, differentiating benign osteoblastoma from other benign bone tumours. Treatment is purely surgical.


[Voluminous neurinoma of 2d and 3d portion of the intrapetrosal facial nerve with subtympanal extension]. A patient presented with a facial nerve neurinoma of unusual size and which gave particularly clear radiological images. The curious feature of this observation is that there was no pre-operative facial paralysis as happens in about 15 p. 100 of cases.


[Impedancemetry. Clinical applications]. The authors call attention to the importance of the data provided by impendancemetry, both in its classified applications, by tympanogram, and in impedance-audiometry, by the study of elicited stapedius reflex. They warn against the tendency to consider impedancemetry as a synonym for examination in conductive deafness and to reserve impedance-audiometry exclusively for perceptive deafness. These two techniques must be coupled and their multiple clinical applications are very often intricated. Tympanograms based in their clinic on the study of relative impedance, provide equally interesting diagnostic data in post-otorrhea states with open eardrum as well as closed eardrum for which until now tympanogram was the classic test. Of course tubal disfunctions, serous effusions of the middle-ear, fibro-adhesive otitis and ossicles disruptions are part of the current diagnosis clarified by impedancemetry in conductive deafness. On the other hand, for otospongiosis, the tympanogram is not of absolute value, but impedancemetry permits an extremely interesting diagnosis in three cases: in associated syndroms, where it acts as warning before the operation; in airbone gap reopenings after surgery, where the knowledge of the precise etiology conditions the therapy;-- and in postoperative cochlear drops, where an easy differential diagnosis is allowed between perilymph fistula and labyrinthe hydrops. Impedance-audiometry is based on the elicitation of stapedius reflex. It has numerous applications in perceptive deafness, where the detection of recruitment is very easy and of great value. So the diagnosis between cochlear and retro-cochlear deafness may be made evident. This method also applies to conductive deafness, to crura ruptures, as well as to the diagnosis of the beginning of otospongiotic stapedial fixations by the detection of a typical on-off effect. Besides otospongiosis is one of the most paradoxical applications of impedance-audiometry, which is revealed to be richer in information than the study of compliance, masking problems, diagnosis of associated syndroms and early detection of the disease are easily solved by impedance-audiometry. For these many reasons, the authors insist once more upon the importance and value of the data provided by impedancemetry and impedance-audiometry. They specify that this method is the most interesting complement to classic audiometry since the appearance of the audiometer.


[Perforation of the nasal septum caused by leishmaniasis]. The perforation of the nasal septum with the crusted ulcer surrounding accompanied by the erythema of skin of the vestibule should suggest the possibility of leishmaniosis. The microscopic examination and culture of the secretions in N.N.N. culture medium provides confirmation of the diagnosis and the specific treatment could then be instituted.


Reproduction of the cycle of coccidia Eimeria acervulina (Tyzzer, 1929) in cell cultures of chicken kidneys. The cycle of Eimeria acervulina was grown in primary culture of cells of three-week-old-chicken kidneys. EHT medium (Eagle, Hydrolysate of Lactalbumine, Bacto-Tryptose phosphate) allowed the development of this coccidium. 44 hours after infestation of the cells with sporozoites, the first schizonts appeared. The merozoites of first generation were released after 54 hours. They invaded the neighbouring cells and developed in them into schizonts of second generation mature after 68 hours. After 72 and 93 hours, a third and a fourth generation of schizonts were noticed. Merozoites IV create the Gamogony. To obtain the gamogony in vitro, we inoculated the cultures with merozoites IV recovered from axenic animals. The oocysts were released into the medium 45 hours after inoculation.


Blood reference values in the lamb (Na, K, Ca, P, Mg, Cu, Zn, Cl, urea, total proteins, creatinine, uric acid, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate amino transferase, cholesterol and hemoglobin). We have determined sixteen blood chemical parameters in three month-old lambs and eleven in one and a half-month old ones. We have found that three of them were not affected by age: potassium, copper and proteins; seven were lowered: sodium, calcium, zinc, chlorine, inorganic phosphate, urea and cholesterol; one was enhanced : magnesium. These reference values will be used as a basis for further controls of the flocks.


[Sergentomyia trouilleti (Diptera, Phlebotomidae), new species from the Congo (author's transl)]. Sergentomyia trouilleti, (Diptera, Phlebotomidae), new species collected in the north of the People's Republic of Congo is described from three female specimens. This sandfly is clearly differenciated from other species of the genus Sergentomyia by the morphology of the pharynx and the cibarium.


[Role of hypocorticosteronemy in the self cure mechanism in rats with Strongyloides ratti parasites (author's transl)]. Repeated injections of corticosterone acetate, physiological hormone of the Rat, in rats carrying Strongyloides ratti, oppose the deparasiting which normally takes place spontaneously. The secretion induced by this hormone by impregnating the organism through the corticotropic factor administered in the form of tetracosactide-zinc, achieves the same result. During all these treatments, an important hypercorticosteronemy is established. Stopping the injections is quickly followed by the worms-being rejected and the corticosteronemy returning to normal. The relations between the corticosteronemy and the parasitism are analysed and lead to the conclusion that the parasite induces an aspecific hypocorticosteronemiant reaction which, through its aspecific and specific repercussions, participates in the self-cure phenomenon.


Survival of hydatid cysts after puncturing. The release of antigens from hydatid cysts, essential for the induction of a detectable host antibody response, is considered to depend on alterations in the physical integrity of the cyst germinal membrane. This explanation, however, does not account for the detection of serologic responses in persons harbouring hyaline cysts unless it were possible for membrane microfissures to arise and provide an antigenic stimulus without adversely affecting cyst viability. The results of the present study have demonstrated that hydatid cysts are able to survive when experimentally punctured in vitro or in vivo. These findings on the capacity of hyaline cysts to repair or recuperate from a microfissure are consistent with the detection of antibody responses in persons harbouring hyaline hydatid cysts with apparently intact membranes and with the hypothesis of an association between integrity of cyst membranes and degree of host immunological responses.


[Mathematical analysis of myelin structure of nerves of the brachial plexus in antenatal and early postnatal ontogenesis of man]. A gradual increase of the information entropy indices and a decrease of the excess percentage is observed in the course of antenatal and early postnatal ontogenesis of man. The indices of the information entropy reach their maximum and the excess percentage reaches its minimum in children younger than 3 years. At that time the myelinated fibres have the most various diameters. In the antenatal development of man the prevalence of fine (1--4 mkm) myelinated fibres makes the structure of the humeral plexus nerves more definite while in the postnatal ontogenesis their structure is less definite since the myelinated fibres of different diameter are met with almost the same probability.


[Study of various morphological structures of human cerebral cortex by application on the information theory]. The investigation was undertaken to determine the quantitative estimation of the degree of vertical organization of the III layer pyramidal neurons of areas 41, 22, 17 and 18 of the human cortex auditory and visual analyzers by information methods. A brief description of the used methods of getting the evaluation (the index of organization -- Org) has been given. It has been shown that the suggested estimation in invariant with regard to the individual changes of the human brain parameters. It has been established that the projection-associative areas of the analyzers have a higher index of organization than projection areas. In making the interanalyzor comparison the index of organization of the visual areas has been found to be higher than that of the auditory areas.


[Embryonic histogenesis of the atrioventricular segment of the heart conduction system of swine (Sus porcus L.)]. Histological, histochemical and neurochemical methods were used in order to study the features of the histogenesis of structures of the atrioventricular area of the conducting system of the heart and the formation of their cholinergic innervation in the postnatal period of the hog. Under study were 175 hearts of embryos of the hog at the age of 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 15 weeks and 22 hearts of adult hogs. The formation of different areas of this system was shown to be asynchronous. The atrioventricular fascicle is formed during the 4th week, the atrioventricular node -- during the 6th week and the conducting muscle fibres--during the 8th week of embryogenesis. The fascicle and the node have a complicated structure and different cellular composition. In the process of prenatal ontogenesis the increased amount of glycogen and increased activity of phosphorylase were noted in the cytoplasm of myocytes of the atrioventricular area of the conducting system of the heart. The cholinergic nerve fibres grow up to the structures of the atrioventricular area of the conducting system of the heart during the 6th week of embryogenesis, and by the end of the prenatal development they form a thick network in all its structures.