Cupping of the optic disc in ischemic optic neuropathy. Stereophotographs of the optic disc were reviewed in 78 patients with ischemic optic neuropathy (ION). Only 10% (6) of 61 nonarteritic (idiopathic) ION eyes developed optic disc cupping similar to that seen in glaucomatous eyes. Five of ten eyes with ION due to giant cell arteritis had cupping simulating glaucoma; however, two had elevated intraocular pressure, and the other three had large physiologic cups in the opposite eye. Optic disc pallor was proportionately more severe in ION eyes than in glaucomatous eyes of similar cup size. While there are similarities in the type of visual field loss in ION and glaucoma, the two disorders differ in the usual appearance of the disc after field loss has occurred and in the portion of the field most frequently affected. These observations suggest that if both disorders have an ischemic mechanism, there is a difference in the nature or distribution of the ischemia. There should be little difficulty under most circumstances in making the clinical differentiation between a disc that has suffered ION and a disc that has suffered pressure-induced damage, although occasional instances of ION may be classified as low-tension glaucoma on the basis of field loss and cupping without elevated intraocular pressure.


Ocular injuries from automobile batteries. The incidence of eye injuries related to automobile batteries has sharply increased, currently comprising nearly 1% of all unscheduled eye visits to one medical center. A series of 93 cases obtained over 81/2 years was reviewed and follow-up information obtained. While two thirds of the injuries were relatively minor, 10% (9) of the patients sustained permanent ocular damage or required hospitalization. All of the severe injuries and the majority of the other injuries were caused by battery explosions. Not only should the inherent danger of the lead-acid storage battery be reduced, but the public must be alerted to the hazard.


Results of treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis with injectable corticosteroids. Sixty-seven patients with toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis who were treated with periocular injections of depot forms of corticosteroids were studied in an attempt to determine (1) whether patients who did poorly on this regimen could be differentiated predictively from those who responded in a more favorable fashion, and (2) whether a treatment regimen that would allow the safe use of periocular depot corticosteroids in patients with toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis could be delineated. The study did not reveal any reliable way of predicting which patients would be good risks for the use of periocular injections of depot corticosteroids. It does suggest that the concurrent use of antitoxoplasma agents might protect patients in such a way that periocular depot corticosteroids would not worsen their disease. For the reasons outlined, the use of periocular injections of depot corticosteroids in toxoplasmic uveitis must be approached with great caution in the future.


Pupil in clinical diagnosis. Light reflex anatomy and the afferent pupil defect. The neuroanatomy for the light reflex has been reviewed. The importance of the semidecussation of visual pathways in the afferent portion of the system has been emphasized. The anatomy of the near synkinesis and its relation to the anatomy of the light reflex have been reviewed. The various abnormalities of sensory pupil function have been outlined. Particular stress has been placed on the value of the afferent pupil defect in the diagnosis of sensory lesions affecting the eye because of retinal or optic nerve disease. In addition, the value of the consensual pupil in the diagnosis of afferent defects has received special comment.


Diagnosing Horner's syndrome.

Diagnosing Horner's syndrome. The diagnosis of Horner's syndrome is divided into two stages: (1) the recognition of the sympathetic deficit, and (2) the localization of the lesion. The second step is of vital importance in the management of the patient with Horner's syndrome. If the lesion is preganglionic, the risk of malignancy is high; the patient should have cervical spine and chest roentgenograms (PA, lateral and apical lordotic) and perhaps a referral to a surgeon. If the lesion is postganglionic, it is most likely a benign vascular headache syndrome and the patient should go to a neurologist.


Microscope sterility system.

Microscope sterility system. The problem of microscope sterility during ophthalmic microsurgery has generally been managed by using sterilizable handle protectors, or by using some form of plastic sterilizable drape for the entire microscope. Both of these systems have disadvantages. A simple and effective alternative which has been designed for Zeiss operating microscopes and can be modified for other types of instruments is presented. No modification of the microscope is required. The instrument consists of two pieces: a metal bracket which mounts in the accessory shoe of the operating microscope, and a rigid plastic sterilizable portion which is readily attached on the microscope from below with three sterilizable screws. The entire assembly can be attached within 15 seconds. It affords complete sterility protection of the operative field; it provides a sterile surface for handling and moving the microscope; it does not interfere with accessory lighting systerms; and it allows open access to external accessories such as cameras and observer tubes.


Repair of post-traumatic impassable strictures of the prostatomembranous urethra. A new operation has been done on 11 patients with post-traumatic impassible prostatomembranous urethral strictures. Complications have been minimal. The disadvantages and difficulties with 2 other procedures are discussed.


Rupture of the prostatomembranous urethra: a new technique for primary repair. A new technique is described for the primary repair of the ruptured prostatomembranous urethra. Two different methods of management are discussed. Our results with 18 cases treated between 1968 and 1976 are mentioned and the advantages of the procedure are enumerated.


[Effect of biliary decompression on the results of the surgical treatment of gunshot wounds of the liver]. The purpose of this study consisted in providing experimental grounds to prove the efficiency of the biliferous tract decompression at surgical treatment of gunshot wounds of the liver. The experiments were carried out on 39 dogs. It was ascertained that within 3 to 5 days after gunshot injury to the liver the conditions for normal bile discharge from the liver into the duodenum get hampered. The decompression of the biliferous system in the postoperative period resulted in the decrease of the severity and duration of posttraumatic bile decompression and exerted an appreciable effect upon the lowering of the lethality.


[Blood neutrophil lesion reaction in burn patients]. The allergy level to staphylococcus was studied through the V.A. Fradkin reaction of neutrophile injury (RNI) in vitro in 160 thermal burn cases depending on the severity and dynamics of burn disease. The results of the study have proved that at the RNI in vitro the specific sensibilization to staphylococcus in the burned gets evident by the 15-30th day after trauma; the degree of RNI manifestation rises with the time (by the 90--180th day and later after trauma), especially in patients with deep and vast burns. It reaches very high level during the convalescense period. The direct interrelation between the allergy level, severity of the burn trauma and general immunological reactivity of the body has been shown.


[Developmental defects of the lungs and their clinical significance]. On the basis of a complex bronchological examination and treatment of 277 cases of 293 various bronchopulmonary malformations, the differential diagnostic features of the most common lung malformations are listed. These malformations: cystic and ordinary hypoplasia, sequestration, tracheal bronchus etc.-are of a  special clinical significance for surgeons. Immediate and late results of surgical treatment of 107 patients (38.8%) were studied. They prove a good effect of early operations on patients suffering from lung malformations, while inoperated  patients not infrequently develop various complications, such as pulmonary hypertension, secondary bronchiectasis and so on.


[Changes in the intragastric vessels after a chemical burn]. The functional and morphological studies have proved that some considerable vascular changes occur in the injured stomach wall within the first hours after a superficial chemical burn. The most gross injuries in the arterial, venous and capillary network of the mucous occur 24 hours after the contamination with a corrosion substance. Regenerative processes in the vascular system together with functional improvement start after 3 days. Normalization of the circulation in the injured stomach wall comes about after 14 days.


[Chemical burns of the colon and rectum]. From the experimental data obtained in 104 animals and clinical observation of 270 cases of digestive tract chemical burns the authors have found that in response to the effect of a corrosion substance, got into the stomach, a complex of protective secretory motor reactions preventing in the most cases from the injury to the intestinal tract occur. In contaminations incompatible with life only, a superficial burn of the colon associated with injuries to the upper portions of gastrointestinal tract, does occur. This was found at the analysis of 62 postmortem protocols of the cases who died ater taking some chemical liquids.


[Oxyproline excretion in the urine in frostbite]. Hyperoxyprolinuria associated with the processes occuring in frostbitten tissues is observed in frostbites of II--III degree. In frostbites of I--II and III--IV degree the level of urine oxyproline excretion does not differ from the normal one throughout the posttraumatic period. In frostbites of I--II degree this is due to a limited volume of tissue injury, in frostbites of III--IV degree-to the fixation of decay products in the pathological focus, resulting from blood circulation disorders in the frostbitten zone. Differences in oxyprolinuria level may serve as a useful tool for differential diagnosis of frostbites.


[Outcomes of reconstructive operations in lesions of the nerves of the hand and the distal third of the forearm]. 269 cases of the hand and distal third of the forearm peripheral nerves injuries have been treated in the Regional Clinical Surgical-Orthopedic Hospital for 10 years. Primary suture was carried out on 154 cases, early delayed suture-on 38, late delayed suture-on 22 repeated operations were performed upon 31 patients. The long-term results proved that the operations on the peripheral nerves should be performed after trauma as early as possible.


[Causes for the instability of the bone fragments in medial fractures of the femoral neck]. On the grounds of the study of 100 cases operated upon for medial fractures of the femoral neck the authors have found cases of instability of the fracture in 60 cases, which contributed to the secondary displacement of the fragments and formation of pseudoarthrosis in the postoperative period.


[Diagnostic errors and mortality in those suffering in road traffic accidents]. The paper deals with the analysis of diagnostic errors and lethality causes among the victims of traffic accidents. It was found that 40.75% of cases died from craniocerebral injuries, 32.5%-from traumatic shock and blood loss. Complete coincidence of clinical and medicolegal diagnosis was in 47.05% of cases, and complete discrepancy in 8.13%. The greatest number of errors are concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of chest and abdomen injuries. The least number of errors were made in big multiprofile clinics with well organized reanimation service. Some recommendations on the improvement of the organization of the treatment of traffic accident cases, ways of preventing diagnostic errors and the decrease of lethality are suggested.


[Errors in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in women caused by the anatomical and physiological characteristics of their bodies]. Some fundamentals of the causes of diagnostic errors depending upon anatomophysiological and topographo-anatomical peculiarities of woman's organism are given. The tension of abdominal muscles in case of inflammatory gynecological diseases or the abscence of the anterior abdominal wall tension in acute surgical diseases of the abdominal organs, especially in pregnant women make one of such causes. The explanation and experimental evidence of the role played by the connective branches of the intercostal nerves in the contraction of abdominal muscles are presented. The author recommends some palpation methods which help to differentiate the abdominal muscles tension in peritonitis of surgical origin from that of gynecological origin.


[Surgical treatment of multiple occlusions of the aortic arch branches in atherosclerosis and nonspecific arteritis]. The authors analyse the experience with the treatment of 119 patients suffering from multiple occlusions of aortic arch branches in atherosclerosis and nonspecific arteritis. 394 vascular  injuries of the aortic arch were diagnosed in these cases. All the cases were divided into 4 groups in conformity with clinical manifestations of the disease. Operations aimed at the restoration of the blood flow in two and more branches of the aortic arch were performed on 60% of patients and in 98,3% of them the blood flow was restored. Total postoperative mortality was 16%. The long-term results were studied in 70 patients. The maintained blood flow in reconstructed vessels was found in 55 patients (78,6%). The authors came to the conclusion, that the reconstructive operation carried  out in case of multiple occlusions of the aortic arch branches, aimed at the simultaneous restoration of blood flow in 2 and more vessels, proved to be highly effective.


[Management of the postoperative period after vagotomy]. To combat gastroplegia following vagotomy the authors recommend to perform open novocain blockade of the solar plexus by means of a microcatheter, inserted in the round ligament of the liver. The application of the blockade enabled the authors to manage the postoperative period without a sound, to reduce fluids and electrolytes loss by the organism and to minimize the use of anesthetics.


[Correction of volemic disorders in stenosing gastric and duodenal ulcers in the process of treatment]. While analysing the circulating blood volume (CBV), plasma volume (PV), globular volume (GV) and the amount of circulating protein (ACP) in 109  cases of stenosing gastric and duodenal ulcer, the authors have found that the most of patients (89.9%) develop concomitant hypovolemia, the severity of which depends on the severity of the disease itself and on the degree of the interstitial protein metabolic disorders. Gastric resection  aggravated volemic disturbances or caused the new ones. The authors elaborated some recommendations helping to combat volemic disturbances.


[Replacement of defects in the duodenal wall with a small intestine graft]. Experimentally on 16 dogs the terminal defect of the duodenum was replaced by a pedicled jejunal graft (one formated by incising the duodenal segment along its contramesenteric margin). In the early postoperative period 2 animals died, 2 animals are kept under observation. The remainder were sacrified for the study within the terms from 2 to 3 years postoperatively. Duodenal specimens from these animals were examined macroscopically, by vasography (with contrast medium filling of the transplant vascular system via the mesenteric pedicle artery) and microscopically using review, special and some histochemical technics of micropreparations staining. The results of the investigations performed indicate the possibility of using the technic of plastic repair of the duodenal wall defect under consideration in clinical practice too.


[Clinical and experimental status of the metabolic aspects of obstructive jaundice]. In the paper, the authors gave an analysis of some aspects of the metabolism in 90 patients, treated surgically for extrahepatic bile tract diseases (in 43 of them obstructive jaundice being noted), and the results of 34 experiments on white rats are summarized. Based on the conducted studies on acid-base balance, electrolyte metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation in hepatic mitochondria in the experiment under various kinds of anesthesia, some recommendations are given for including sodium oxybutyrate in anesthesia, the latter possessing a positive metabolic effect in patients with obstructive jaundice.


[Change in portal system and liver hemodynamics under the influence of operations on the gastrointestinal tract organs and the basic principles of its correction]. A comprehensive study of hemodynamic indices of the portal system and liver (portal pressure, linear rate of portal blood flow in the liver, rheohepatography) as well as protein-formation function of the liver, its enzymatic activity, in the complex with histomorphology of hepatic tissue and comparison of the data, obtained by some functional tests of general hemodynamics (AP, VP, CVP, linear rate of total blood flow, the porto-caval gradient, TCB), rendered it possible to reveal significant disturbances in hepatic circulation and this organ functioning with satisfactory indices of general hemodynamics. Taking into account the data obtained, the complex therapy for the changes observed was elaborated by the authors; its main principles being as follows: the maintenance of general hemodynamics, restoration of TCB and its components deficiency, the provision of the organ (hepatic) blood flow, the correction of metabolic changes in the liver intra-and postoperatively. The entire complex of drugs was infused in the umbilical vein.


[Changes in leukocyte lysosomal acid and alkaline phosphatase activity in acute surgical diseases of the abdominal cavity organs]. To discriminate initial stages of an inflammation from its destructive forms, the authors studied the leucocyte lysosome activity at different stages of inflammatory processes in abdominal organs. 90 patients and 30 practically healthy individuals were examined. The indices of acid and base phosphotase activity were found to rise together with the progress of an inflammatory process. A nomogram, permitting to determine with a rather high precision the stage and direction of the process, was made up on the grounds of the established reguliarity after the mathematical procession of the obtained figure data.


[Regional redistributions of the blood in high and low small intestine obstruction]. In the experimental model of high and low obstruction of the small intestine during 24 hours the authors observed considerable shifts in electrolytic blood content. Total amount of circulating blood, compared with control (laparotomy), was not changed. These data allowed a new consideration of the entity of the pathological syndrome in intestinal obstruction.


[Pathogenesis of abdominal actinomycosis]. According to the author's findings in 80 of 125 patients under observation the development of abdominal actinomycosis was related with inflammation in the appendicular process, in 65 patients the former starting after appendectomy. In examination of 100 patients with diagnosis of acute appendicitis actinomycosis of the ileocecal region was diagnosed in 5 patients. Actinomycosis was spreading from the ileocecal region by contact in retroperitoneal cellular tissue in 23 cases, in the left iliac region--in 12, in the lesser pelvis--in 8.


[1-time radical operative interventions in malignant ovarian tumors complicated by acute iliofemoral venous thrombosis]. Based on the personal experience with treatment of patients  having acute iliofemoral venous thromboses, the authors have elaborated a method of one-moment radical surgical correction in malignant ovarian tumors complicated with acute iliofemoral thrombosis. This technic was successfully performed in the clinic on 3 patients, a good therapeutic effect being gained.


[Surgical treatment of primary lung cancer in women]. Among 1906 lung carcinoma cases treated in the clinic up to 1975 inclusive, there were 182 women (9.5%). The comparative study of 84 women and 927 men operated upon, proved the operability and resectability in women (46.1% +/- 3.7 and 34.1 +/- 3.5) to be lower than in men (53.8% +/- 1.2 and 46.3% +/- 1.2). Peripheral cancer was found in 28.6% +/- 3.3 of women and in 23.6% +/- 1.0 of men. The main histological form of the tumor in women was glandular carcinoma (45.2% +/- 6.3) and in men squamous cell carcinoma (62.2% +/- 1.7). The lobectomy was the most common of radical operations performed in women (58.1% +/- 6.2); in men it was the pneumectomy (65.1% +/- 1.7). In 6 of 26 women suffering from neoplasm of stage III the vast pneumectomy was carried out; in men this operation constituted 46.1% of all cases of total lung removal. The immediate results in women (complications--14.3% +/- 8.8 and mortality--2.4% +/- 1.7) are better than in men (24.1% +/- 1.4 and 9.3% +/- 1.0). The five-year follow-up showed the survival in women to be 39.1% +/- 10.6 and in men 28.3% +/- 3.0.


[Bone alloplasty: its place and role in the system of modern osteosynthesis methods]. The experience with alloplasty carried out upon 265 patients with fractures and pseudoarthrosis of long tubular bones is generalized in this work. In 87 cases the osteosynthesis with bone angular and T-bars was performed. The analysis of the results of surgical treatment of fractures and pseudoarthrosis has proved the advantages of the bone bar osteosynthesis over other surgical procedures, especially from the technical and biological points of view, which are the following: its simplicity and non-traumatic effect, good fracture stability, prevention from angular and rotational displacement of the fragments through the external plaster cast immobilization, shortening of the operation time, freedom from repeated operations for the removal of metallic constructions.


[Prognostic importance of kidney  function studies in the surgical treatment of vasorenal hypertension]. A separate assessment of renal function by Howard and Rapoport tests was carried out upon 23 cases of unilateral and 5 cases of bilateral renal arterial stenosis diagnosed through angiography. Functionally significant stenosis was found in 18 unilateral cases (78.3%), 12 of them were operated upon. The results of investigations are presented.


[Osteoplastic fixation of the spine].

[Osteoplastic fixation of the spine]. The combined anterolateral osteoplastic fixation of the  spine  was carried out on 17 cases out of 73 operated upon for pathological spinal changes of various etiology. The tibial crest rigid homograft and the rib autograft on vasoneuromuscular feeding pedicle were used. Such a combination of bone grafts possessing different mechanic and osteogenic properties permitted to obtain a reliable fixation of the spine for all the period necessary for anatomic and functional reconstruction of the grafts.


[Method of determining the arterial pressure in the collaterals of the extremities by using rheography]. The suggested method permits to record objectively pressure indices in the collaterals of the extremities in case of occlusion of main vessels. The method helps to get more clear idea on the condition of local hemodynamics in patients suffering from vascular diseases and injuries, which is essential for the choice of treatment.


[Surgical treatment of chondroblastoma of bone]. During 10 years the authors were observing 22 chondroblastoma cases which constituted 0.8% of all the cases of bone tumors or 3.5% of all the observed cases of cartilaginous tumors of the skelton. The most of the patients were at the age under 20. All the patients were operated upon; marginal resection or excochleation of the tumor followed by the alloplasty were performed. The recurrence happened in 1 case only the follow-up has been lasting from 3 months to 10 years.


Naturally occurring parafollicular cell carcinoma of the thyroid in dogs. A histological and ultrastructural study. Seven cases of parafollicular cell carcinoma in dogs were seen. The diagnosis was based on histological and ultrastructural similarities between neoplastic and normal parafollicular cells. Amyloid was not detected in any of the neoplasms by light or electron microscopy. Argyrophilic secretory granules are important in making a diagnosis of canine thyroid parafollicular cell carcinoma, even when there is no amyloid.


Cryptosporidium in snakes with hypertrophic gastritis. Fourteen captive snakes of three genera and four species had severe chronic hypertrophic gastritis. Persistent postprandial regurgitation and firm midbody swelling were the most common clinical signs. Fecal smears had many roughly spherical organisms confirmed by ultrastructural study to be oocysts of Cryptosporidium. Pathologic changes included hypertrophy of gastric mucosa and atrophy of granular cells. There were cystic changes in gastric glands and focal mucosal necrosis. Many Cryptosporidium lined microvillar surfaces. All developmental forms were identified by ultrastructure. Characteristic oocysts were found in abundance.


Femorotibial surgery in the dog.

Femorotibial surgery in the dog. Although the femorotibial joint is subject to a number of common abnormalities which have been investigated in the last few years there is still no obvious and agreed optimal treatment in many instances of abnormality. The clinical derangements which occur in the joint are considered and an assessment is made of the state of aetiological knowledge. The most useful way of diagnosing and treating the conditions are also considered.


Anatomical features of cystic ovaries in cattle found during an abattoir survey. During an abattoir survey, 8071 bovine genitalia were examined. Cysts of 2-5 cm or larger were found on one or both ovaries in 307, an incidence of 38 per cent. The cysts were arbitrarily classified anatomically into eight groups according to the number present and their texture, whether thin or thick walled, and to the presence or absence of a corpus luteum. The weight and dimensions of the cysts were recorded and any abnormalities of the genital tracts were noted. Ninety-six specimens (30-67 per cent) were associated with a corpus luteum and 217 (69-33 per cent) had no corpus luteum. One hundred and sixty eight tracts (53-67 per cent) had single cysts and in 145 (46-33 per cent) they were multiple. The incidence of multiple ovulations was higher in the cystic ovaries which had corpora lutea than in the non-cystic population. The incidence of ovaro-bursal adhesions in the cystic population was three times higher than in that found in the genitalia which had no cysts and it is possible that this resulted from trauma during rectal palpation.


The Toxoplasma latex agglutination test in mice and its application to the diagnosis of ovine abortion. The latex agglutination test was used to determine the antibody response in mice inoculated with toxoplasma cysts and was found to reduce the time necessary for the identification of infected mice compared with conventional biological methods. The application to the diagnosis of ovine abortion is discussed.


Histological examination of ovaries and uteri from cows with cystic ovaries. Sections were cut from 486 cysts taken from 260 pairs of cystic ovaries which had been collected during an abattoir survey. The linine of the cysts was examined for the presence of granulosa, basement membrane, theca and luteinisation. Sections of the uteri were examined and the nature of the surface epithelium, the thickness of the endometrium and the activity of the uterine glands were recorded. In those cysts associated with a corpus luteum both granulosa and luteinisation were seen less often than in other cysts. Of the 486 cysts examined 111 (22-84 per cent) had luteinisation, the others had none. Luteinisation was most often encountered when granulosa was absent. The thickness of theca was greater in cysts than in normal follicles and was thickest in thick walled cysts associated with a corpus luteum. The majority of uteri (81-9 per cent) were normal and only in 4-78 per cent was "swiss chese" dilation of the glands seen. Thirteen cases of mucometra were seen and these are discussed in detail.


[Morphology of bovine adenovirus type I]. Electron-microscopic studies were carried out on a concentrated and purified adenovirus type I. It was found that its morphologic aspects were characteristic of the adenovirus group. In the preparations of this virus there were large amounts of incomplete virions and soluble components--hexons, groups of hexons and pentons. Some of the virions were grouped in p-crystal structures or were released as grouped in cell vacuoles. The hexons presented a six-angle contour and a central cavity. The pentons possessed fibre components that were comparatively long. The presence of free pentons spoke of the existence of incomplete hemagglutinins.


[Trial of a live vaccine against babesiasis in sheep]. A flock of 86 weaned lambs was used in field conditions to test the vaccination against babesiasis in sheep, using blood containing up to 5 per cent Babesia ovis-infected erythrocytes, referred to as a "live vaccine". The blood was obtained through successive passages performed with the vaccinal strain in four spleenectomized lambs with the parallel treatment of the latter with tetracyclin. The application of the vaccine at rates of 1.75 X 10(7); 3.5 X 10(7); and 7 X 10(7) Babesia organisms was well tolerated, the animals responding with a temperature reaction only. The immunity acquired proved sufficiently stable against the experimental challenge with a triple dose of the maximal vaccinal one as well as against the natural infection to which the flock was exposed within the period between the third and sixth month following vaccination. At the same time babesiasis in an enzootic form developed in the control flock, the test flock showing no cases of diseased animals. The complement-fixing antibodies established from the tenth up to the 90th day after the vaccination was carried out served as an index of the immunity status. The optimal vaccination dose is suggested to be that containing 3.5 X 10(7) Babesiae.


[Several biochemical indices of the serum of cows with abortions of a non-infectious nature]. Studied were some biochemical indices of the blood serum of cows showing abortions of noninfectious etiology. It was found that in such cases thre was a statistically significant drop in the amount of the total lipids of the blood serum, which reached 20 per cent as against pregnant cows and 8.5 per cent as against cows that had already given birth. It is stated that the phospholipid blood serum fracitons of cows that have miscarried show a statistically dependable drop only in the case of lecithine. Cows that have miscarried also show a drop of albumin, gamma-globulins, and the coefficient albumin/globulin. In order to establish all disturbances in pregnancy on a preliminary basis it is suggested to use in clinical practices the indices total lipids, phospholipids, proteins, and the albumin/globulin coefficent.


[Iodine concentration in fluid of the follicles and ovarian cysts of cows]. Biochemical investigations on the principle of the alkali-mineralizing method were carried out with fluid of 16 follicles and 18 ovarial cysts of cows and heifers (which were not treated with potassium iodide) in order to establish the quantitative values of the total iodine in micrgram% per 100 cm3 of fluid. It was found that total iodine in follicle fluid was 5.7 microgram%, and 3.1 microgram% in ovarial cysts. The parameters of the quantitative values of iodine of follicle fluid vary from 0.3 to 11.1 microgram%, and those of the ovarial cyst fluid--from 0.6 to 7.2 microgram%.


[Assessment of marbling in the eggs of local beeds of chickens]. A test was worked out to evaluate the presence of marbling in hen eggs, modifying Koulikov's method. Its use with a total of 26,011 eggs of hens, belonging to local breeds, revealed the presence of weakest, weak, and moderate marbleness as most frequently occurring (32.72; 48.53; 15.57 per cent); strong, and very strong marbling occurred least frequently, and third ranked the lack of marbling 1.92; 0.76; 0.48 per cent, respectively. The incubation of eggs of the same breeds showed that strong and very strong marbling affected adversely the results of hatching. The test can be applied in the productional and diagnostic control on hatcheries.


[Effect of zeolite mineral clinoptilolith on nitogen concentration in bird droppings]. The addition of certain amounts of the zeolite mineral klinoptilolith to freshly obtained bird feces led to the retention of nitrogen--up to 14 per cent and more--as compared with feces without zeolite in storage. The addition of the mineral produced also a deodorizing effect in neutralizing the offensive smelling accompanying the putrefaction process.


[Role of the housefly in the epizootology of pseudoplague in birds]. It has been demonstrated that Musca domestica L. could harbour the Newcastle disease virus. It has been isolated from the surface of the flies body 96 hours after these had been in contact with it, and from their digestive tract--after 240 hours. It has also been found that virus excretion in infected flies continues for 96 hours. It is believed that Musca domestica L. flies can participate in the spreading of the ND virus.


[Hematologic and histochemical changes in the bodies of sheep experimentally infected with listeriae]. Hematologic and histologic investigations were carried out on forty experimentally infected young ewes to which the infection was introduced through venous, intratracheal, and oral route as well as along the branches of nervus trigeminus parallel to the study of 3 control sheep, 12 albino mice, and other four young sheep that were injected with a water-extractive antigen obtained from Listeria. It was established that the leukocyte count rose in the first days following infection along with neutrophilia, lymphopenia, and monocytosis of a varying degree in the different animals, depending on the way of infection. Most indifferent with regard to the hematologic indices proved animals that were orally inoculated. With such animals there was also eosinophilia, which was lacking in the other experimental animals. Glycogen was predominantly found in the blood vessel walls, in the neutrophile leukocytes, the nervous tissue, and the necrotic foci, most likely in connection with the transportation of Listerial organisms and their toxic products. A drop up to the full disappearance of phospholipids was established as well as a rise of the ganglioside.


[Effect of several biologically active substances on the reactivity and immune response of the body]. Experiments were carried out with a total of 140 guinea pigs to study the effect of a tissue emulsion of swine embryos on some of the general defense reactions, the cell and humoral immunity of the organism in the treatment with an intact and a killed (with 3 per cent formalin) vaccine produced with two strains of Salmonella abortus ovis. Investigated were the phagocytic activity of the lung macrophages and the immobile cells of the reticulo-endothelial system in the spleen and the liver, the protein spectrum, the blood serum level of properdine, and the histologic changes in the parenchymal organs of the test animals. It was found that the application of a tissue emulsion simultaneously with the injection of the animals with an anti-Salmonella vaccine raised the unspecific reactivity of the organism. This was expressed with the rise of the gammaglobulin and properdine levels of the blood serum and the change in the immunologic pattern of the organism, an increase in the phagocytic activity of lung macrophages and RES immobile cells from 16 to 25 per cent, and the titer of agglutinins--from 10 to 32 times. Highest agglutinin titers of the blood and most active phagocytic defense were reached with the use of a vaccine having a whole antigen, combined with a tissue emulsion.


[Ultrastructural changes in the spermatozoa of sheep infected with Brucella ovis]. The semen was studied of four rams of the Mutton Merino, Suffolk, "Kavkazki Merino* breeds and a local crossbred race, affected with infectious epididymitis and having semen deteriorated to a various extent, in order to establish the changes in the ultrastruct of spermatozoa through electron microscopy. The following conclusions were drawn on the basis of the results obtained: 1. The changes caused by Brucella ovis infection in such cases are chiefly concentrated in the head of spermatozoa. Detachment and rupture of the plasmalemma are observed along with the separation of the acrosome and galea capitis, swelling of the nuclear membrane, granulation and break-up of the nuclear matter. 2. The neck of spermatozoa where fast disintegration of the connective substance between it and the head and the complete separation of head and body take place, is slightly resistant. 3. The leucocytes in the semen phagocytize both Brucella organisms and a great number of spermatozoa (autophagocytosis of spermatozoa on a mass scale). The ultrastructure of the spermatozoa breaks up, and the leucocytes are ysed.


[Antibody dynamics in growing birds experimentally infected or naturally sick with white diarrhea]. Serologic studies were carried out with growing birds, aged 37-70 days, experimentally and spontaneously infected with Salmonella gallinarum and Salmonella pullorum, respectively. More positively reacting birds were found by means of the whole-blood agglutination reaction with typhoid-pullorum test than in the study of the same birds when aged 6-7 months. The investigation of birds when young is also advantageous in that there are no losses of eggs, it is more readily carried out, and the infected flocks could as early as the first selection be intended for market production, being replaced with healthy flocks. It is believed that certain changes in the programme for the control on pedigree and reproduction flocks would be purposeful, the first investigation for pullorum disease being carried out when the birds are aged 40-70 days and not when 6-7 months old.


[Induction of an allergic response of the delayed type against Salmonella abortus-ovis]. Studied were several of the conditions of inducing an allergy reaction of a delayed type in guinea pigs experimentally infected with Salmonella abortusovis as well as the correlation between the production of agglutinins and precipitins and the allergic reaction of a delayed type. It was found that a live culture of Salmonella abortusovis produced strongest allergic effects when injected into the pads. The injection (in the pads) of a killed culture, using no adjuvant, and the oral administration of a live culture did not sensibilize the animals. No correlation was established between the agglutinin and precipitin production and the allergic reaction of a delayed type.


[Comparative study of the immunogenic activity of 2 vaccines from strain K against swine plague]. The comparative testing of the immunogenic activity of vaccines produced with strain K cultured in cell cultures and rabbits has revealed that one vaccinal dose of the culture vaccine for pigs contains 1 000 reactogenic doses for rabbits and about 400 immunizing doses for pigs. In a vaccinal dose for pigs of a vaccine obtained from rabbits there are 400 reactogenic doses for rabbits and 100 immunizing doses for pigs. Swine fever-affected pigs treated with a vaccine of strain K, containing more than 100 immunizing doses per vaccinal dose, develop immunity that lasts not less than 12 months. Freeze-dried vaccines of strain K can be stored at ordinary refrigerator temperature in the course of one year, and at minus 20 to 30 degrees C--in the course of two years.


[Combined vaccination of birds with inactivated and live vaccines]. Studies were carried out on the immune response of birds-parental forms of broilers--in the combined use of an inactivated vaccine Dessau and a live avirulent vaccine La Sota. The dynamics was followed up till the age of 58 weeks of the changes taking place at an antidody level, and the resistance of the birds after challenging with a virulent virus. After the first immunization with a killed vaccine there was an average geometric titer of 78.65, and the resistance of the birds was low. The revaccination with an inactivated vaccine caused an increase in the amount of antibodies and a rise in the level of resistance. In the immunization with a live La Sota vaccine there was an abrupt rise of the immune titer--214.31 (in the twenty-eighth week), and 207.60 (in the thirty-eighth week). During the following periods there was a gradual drop of the antibody level, however, this was accompanied by a comparatively high resistance of the birds at challenge. The results obtained are in relation to some immunogenic properties of the experimental vaccine Dessau the use of which develops an immunogenic background at which, with a two-fold reimmunization applying a live vaccine La Sota the immunogenesis process is strongly enhanced.


[Pharmacokinetics of ampicillin in lambs and guinea pigs]. Comparative studies were carried out on the sodium salt of ampicillin and ampicillintrihydrate with the use of guinea pigs and lambs. Ampicillintrihydrate was applied to guinea pigs singly, muscularly and orally, at the rate of 0.025 per kilogram With lambs the two forms of the preparation were used--muscularly at rates of 0.005, 0.01, 0.015, and 0.02/kg; ampicillintrihydrate was tested orally at rates of 0.02, 0.03, and 0.05 kg/weight. For venous application ampicillin-sodium was used at the rate of 0.02/kg under the form of 4 per cent water solution (prepared with distilled water). Data referring to the comparative studies on the two forms of ampicillin--ampicillin-sodium and ampicillintrihydrate--showed that these preparations, after single parenteral and oral administration, are resorbed from the site of application and penetrate into all investigated organs and tissues. Ampicillin developed very soon bacteriostatic concentration in the blood serum in the course of 4-6-8 hours, depending on the amount applied and the route of application.


[Body resistance to the exposure to sound against a background of unbalanced nutrition]. Subject to study was the influence exercised by the excess of a number of vitamins in the diet (thiamine, ascorbic acid, cyanocolbalamine, riboflavin and pyridoxine) on the spastic susceptibility of the organism under the effect of a strong sonic stimulant. Pyridoxine exerted a noticeable protective influence on audiogenic convulsions. Its protective effect increased with its combined application with riboflavin, succinate and glutamic acid. The possible mechanism of action of the studied vitamins and of their combinations with glutamic acid and succinate on the spastic susceptibility of the organism is discussed in the paper.


[Vitamin C and B1 allowance in various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract]. In 92 patients with various chronic affections of the gastro-intestinal tract vitamins C and B1 content in the blood and urine was measured. As controls 17 healthy persons were examined. Patients with gastro-intestinal affections were found to show a statistically significant fall of the vitamins C and B1 level in the blood and urine at all seasons of the year (winter, spring, summer and fall). But their decline is most intensive with exacerbation of the ailment and then the presence of the pain syndrome is attended by a steeper drop in the level of these vitamins. A course-wise parenteral administration of the vitamins C and B1 results in their statistically significant rise in the blood and urine, their level, however, remaining below that in healthy persons.


[Use of new high-protein products in nutrition for the purpose of increasing the work capacity of students]. The effect of a dietary that includes new high-protein products containing complete protein, on the health status and performance capacity of schoolchildren during their school-hours was studied. Under observation were kept 60 schoolchildren, aged 13-14 years who were learning two foreign languages. Schoolchildren receiving a specialized ration were noted to show a number of positive regular changes. Their physical state, clinico-physiological characteristics and the functional state of the central nervous system demonstrated a definite improvement.


[Experimental evaluation of therapeutic-prophylactic nutrition in exposure to acrylonitrile]. The purpose of the work was to study the prophylactic effect of a synthetic complete ration with an addition of L-cysteine in doses of 300 and 150 mg/kg and also investigation of the protective action exerted by 3 rations with varying content of protein (10, 18 and 30 per cent) and calorific value with a repeated and chronic inhalation of AAN in concentrations of 20 +/- 5 and 9 +/- 2.8 mg/m3. The effectiveness of the food rations under study was evaluated basically according to metabolic criteria. The metabolic indices were found to be the most sensitive ones and changing early following the effect of AAN. For this reason they may serve as criteria for not only assessing the noxious action of the poison, but also in devising the type of the medico-prophylactic dietary.


[Principles of the hygienic standardization of extraneous substances (food additives and admixtures) in food products]. At the root of hygienic standardization of extraneous substances on the ground toxicological experimentation there lies the notion of the noxious action threshold and of the maximum permissible concentration of the substance (MPC). The influence of diverse environmental factors of low intensity on man should not bring forth even temporary disturbances of the homeostasis, including the reproductive function, as well as the strain on defensive and adaptive compensatory mechanisms during the whole of the life span. There arises the need for elaborating indicators that might characterize the "viability" of the organism, or, in other words, the possibility of its performing all the functions that are inherent in a given species. In setting up a biological experiment the maximum attention should be concentrated on integral tests and behavioral reactions that reflect general processes proceeding in the organism, as well as on utilization of "functional loads" that reveal the physiological reliability, on a study of late after-effects at all stages marking the development of the species, but, especially, on bearing in mind the possibility of emerging teratogenic properties. Much study still requires the problem of "indirect" toxic effect of extraneous substances and also of a stringent recording of the food ration for the test animals, which plays an important part in the protection, or, conversely, the debiliation of the organism.


Anti-hepatitis B immunoglobulin for clinical use. Anti-hepatitis B immunoglobulin, prepared by a method which involves the initial removal of the fibrinogen fraction, has been reported to lack certain antibodies and fail to detect certain hepatitis B surface antigens when used as a detector reagent in counter-immunoelectrophoresis. The possibility exists that any passive immunity conferred by the immunoglobulin might not protect against these antigens. Anti-hepatitis B immunoglobulin prepared from plasma by a modified technique which omitted the precipitation of the fibrinogen fraction reacted against these antigens in gel precipitin tests. It is suggested that such a method is preferable for the production of anti-hepatitis B surface immunoglobulin.


Development of hemagglutination assays II. Enhancement in the sensitivity of an RPHA test for HBsAg. Studies were undertaken to enhance the sensitivity of a previously developed RPHA test for HBsAg. A net increase in sensitivity of approximately 3-fold was achieved by modifying the elution procedure used to purify chimpanzee anti-HBs by affinity chromatography. A further 3- or 4-fold sensitivity increase was achieved by increasing the volume of specimen tested. A concomitant increase in nonspecific agglutination usually observed with increased specimen size was avoided by incubating the reaction mixture at 37 or 45 degrees C. Evaluation of the test in detection of HBsAg in blood obtained from volunteer donors indicates that the materials produced at the New York Blood Center using the modified test protocol compare favorably with a commercial RPHA test. Modifications which did not contribute toward enhancing sensitivity are also reported.


Packed red cell transfusions -- improved survival, quality and storage. Various anticoagulant-preservative solutions were investigated with a view to determining which would give optimal shelf life of packed cells. Satisfactory 24-hour post-transfusion survival (greater than 70%) after 28-day storage was obtained with citrate phosphate 277 mM dextrose, 0.25 mM adenine (CP2 X D-adenine). After addition of a rejuvenating electrolyte solution through a multiple closed plastic pack system, there was further improvement in viability, oxygen delivery capacity and metabolic activity of stored erythrocytes, with reduction in both plasma potassium and microaggregate numbers. No untoward reactions were observed during or after transfusion of 440 units of rejuvenated blood.


A case of Oh (Bombay) blood found in a Thai-Muslim patient. This is a report of a case of an inherited Lewis a + b - Oh (Bombay) blood found in a Thai-Muslim patient. The propositus and her brother inherited the suppressant xx (or hh) genes from her parents; the gene frequency could not be surveyed.


Radioimmunoassay of hepatitis B core antigen and antibody with autologous reagents. Anti-HBc is the most sensitive indicator of current or recent hepatitis B virus infection, hence its detection is valuable in laboratory diagnosis of the infection. Dane particles isolated from the plasma of a single chronic carrier and his autologous IgG labeled with 125I were utilized in a solid-phase sandwich radioimmunoassay for anti-HBc. The principle of serologic neutralization of core antigen and consequent inhibition of binding of the cores to the solid-phase rendered the method to be a simple, sensitive, specific and rapid means of detecting anti-HBc.


[Electrophoretic characteristics of the proteins and the preparative production of neuraminidase from the A/turkey/Wisconsin/66 (Hav6N2) strain of the avian influenza virus]. A combination of electrophoresis in a single plate of polyacrylamide gel with preparative production of subunits upon electrophoresis in acetate cellulose was used for the analysis of the polypeptide composition of the A/turkey/Wisconsin/66 strain. Seven classes of proteins with certain functional significance and 4 minor components were detected. A preparation of neuraminidase could be obtained which has enzymatic and antigenic activity, and a molecular mass of 68,000 daltons. Some features of the polypeptide composition were revealed, including the presence of uncleaved hemagglutinin under reducing conditions and a decreased content of the light chain of hemagglutinin.


[Study of the specific anti-influenzal activity of human respiratory tract secretions and their fractions isolated by means of gel filtration]. It was found that in gel filtration of a mixture of the human nasal cavity and salivary gland secretions on Sephadex G-200, three protein peaks were regularly releaved. According to the results of disk electrophoresis, the original secretion mixture consists of 11--13 fractions. The material of peak No. 1 is found in one di-fuse band on the cathode end of gel. Peak No. 2 contains 5--7 fractions and eluate No. 3 contains 3 fractions. The gel precipitation test with monospecific rabbit antisera to human IgM, IgG and IgA demonstrated IgA to be present in the first peak.


[Study of methods of inactivating a concentrated, purified cultured antirabies vaccine]. Two methods of inactivation, with ultraviolet (UV) and gamma (gamma) rays, of the concentrated purified tissue culture rabies vaccine from the Vnukovo-32 strain were studied. Under the optimal conditions of treatment of 100-fold concentrated purified virus-containing suspension, a completely inactivated vaccine with high immunogenicity indices (4.1 to 78) was obtained. Both the inactivation methods were found to be of equal value.


[Virus and plant-host interrelationships in the presence of rifamycin]. The effect of rifamycine on the infectivity and accumulation in tissues of potato X-virus (PXV) and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in local and systemic infections of plants was studied. High concentrations of rifamycine (50--100 microgram/ml) were found to inhibit and low (2 microgram/ml) to stimulate the infectivity of the viruses. Rifamycine reduced accumulation of PXV in isolated leaves of thornapple and growth of necrotic lesions caused by TMV on tobacco leaves. The effectiveness of the antibiotic depends on its concentration, method and time of its use and the kind of the experimental system. The activity of rifamycine towards the induced tobacco resistance to reinfection with TMV was found to be insignificant.


[Modelling of influenza infection in mice inoculated by the aerosol method]. Modelling of experimental influenza infection was performed in an aerosol apparatus the main element of which was a glove box made of organic glass. Mice were infected by inhalation of a highly dispersed aerosol of influenza A2/Victoria/72 virus adapted to the mouse lungs. The aerosol was produced by means of a pneumatic atomizer. The fraction-dispersion composition of the aerosol, for the determination of which Andersen's cascade impactor was used, was characterized by virus-containing particles of 0.6 to 1.8 micrometer capable of penetrating to alveolar passages. A curve reflecting the dose--effect function was drawn on the basis of the relationship between the dilution of aerosolized virus suspension and mouse death rates. Virological, bacteriological, and histopathological examinations of the lungs of the infected mice revealed a correlation between the time of the animals' death, maximum influenza virus reproduction, multiplication of staphylococcal autoflora and the intensity of pathomorphological lesions.


[The IQ of heterozygotes for phenylketonuria (PKU). indication of a blood phenylalanine-independent action of the PKU mutant (author's transl)]. The IQ of parents of phenylketonuria-(PKU-)affected children is lower than that of parents with histidinemia-affected children (control group). The difference arises almost entirely from the verbal part of the Hamburg-Wechsler test. The IQ of the parents with histidinemia-affected children shows the same distribution as that of the normal population; heterozygosity for this condition does not appear to confer any intellectual advantage. In PKU patients treated at an early age and apparently adequately, a slight, but significant decrease in IQ becomes apparent between the ages of 6 and 8 years. This slight decrease also refers mainly to the verbal IQ. At 4 years of age all PKU patients are tested with Bühler-Hetzer, as well as the Kramer test. There is a significant difference between the results in favour of the Bühler-Hetzer test, which is much less verbal. Since heterozygotes for PKU never show elevated blood phenylalanine levels and, moreover, prenatal tyrosine deficiency, as argued by others, seems highly improbable, it is supposed that the PKU gene has a more direct influence on certain ganglion cells at least, with a consequent slight, but significant lowering of the verbal IQ in heterozygotes and satisfactorily-treated homozygotes for PKU. A slightly increased intracellular phenylalanine concentration in heterozygotes and apparently adequately-treated homozygotes need not to be reflected in raised blood levels and this could be an explanation for the observed IQ lowering. But it should not be overlooked that by far the greatest part of damage in PKU patients is caused by chronic phenylalanine poisoning which is well preventable by correct dietary treatment.


[Cholelithiasis in children and adolescents (authors transl)]. Cholelithiasis is a rare, but important condition to be considered in the differential diagnosis of abdominal symptoms in childhood and adolescence. A survey over a 20-year period revealed 10 cases between the ages of 11 and 20 years, with a clinical history of cholelithiasis of between 5 days and 6 years. The most consistent finding was epigastric or right upper quadrant pain. Serum chemistry did not contribute conclusively towards the diagnosis. Hereditary spherocytosis was demonstrated in 3 cases, 2 had familial gall bladder disease, whilst in the rest no cause could be found. Two patients are described in some detail: one girl with spherocytosis and a bilirubin of 78 mg/100 ml, presenting with choledochal obstruction and pancreatitis, and another girl with a history of recurrent abdominal pain, negative radiologial and chemical pathological findings and a tentative diagnosis of neurosis. Oral cholecystograms lead to the diagnosis in most cases; however i. v. cholangiograms should be considered whenever the diagnosis appears in doubt. All cases were treated by cholecystectomy and recovery was uneventful in 9 patients. Cholecystectomy should be performed in all patients with gall stones, even in the absence of symptoms.


[Polycythaemia as sole symptom of renal adenoma (author's transl)]. In two children, a 9 year-old boy and a 10 1/2 year-old girl, who presented with polycythaemia as the only symptom, the expected renal tumour was only found after exclusion of all other causes of polycythaemia. The delay in diagnosis was caused by technically inadequate intravenous urograms, which were erroneously passed as normal. In one child low kv X-ray exposition of the kidneys led to the diagnosis of a renal tumour. In the other child high-dose urography and tomography gave the indication for selective angiography. Normalization of the red blood count postoperatively verifies the connection between preoperative erythrocytosis and the renal tumour. Histologically both cases proved to be renal adenomas, which are extremely rare in childhood.


[Cell mediated immunity against tubular basement membranes in children with glomerular disease (author's transl)]. Applying a rosette assay we examined peripheral lymphocytes for their sensitivity against enzymatically solubilized tubular basement membranes (TBM). 20 healthy children and 34 children with glomerular diseases were tested. 2 patients from the panel of acute glomerulonephritis and 5 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis showed reactivity against this structure. Children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome as well as patients with Alport's syndrome revealed no cell mediated immunity against TBM. On grounds of these findings we suggest that tubular involvement in glomerular diseases is not only secondary injury by affection of the glomerular appartus, but may be regarded as a target of the cell mediated immunity.


[Hemodialysis in children (author's transl)]. Long term hemodialysis and kidney transplantation has proved to be a very efficient method in the treatment of renal failure in childhood. Accordingly, the number of children treated by dialysis and transplantation in Europe is still increasing. At this time more than 1250 have been treated. As a result of recent studies, one to two children under the age of 15 years per one million population per one year reach the terminal stage of renal insufficiency. We performed our own informative study in 1975 to estimate the needs for dialysis facilities in Austria. Our results are in line with those of other projects. In view of the special childhood problems (growth, puberty, psychological problems, schooling etc.) there is a need for specialized pediatric centers which should include the facilities for nephrologic out- and in-patient treatment, a dialysis team consisting of a pediatrician, pediatric nurses, teacher, child psychologist, dietician and social worker. These enormous investments in apparature, personnel and organization are justified by the good results of survival and the reasonably normal life these children can lead.


[Pannus development in adjuvant arthritis of the rat - an autoradiographic study (author's transl)]. After the injection of complete adjuvant, rats develop arthritis with increased proliferation of synovial tissue cells at the attachment of the synovial membrane to cartilage and bone. From this synovial tissue a connective tissue pannus develops which covers the cartilage surface as a monocellular or multicellular layer of proliferating cells. Areas with cartilage destruction are usually characterized by a great number of proliferating connective tissue cells. Cartilage destruction is not restricted to the superficial pannus, since granulation tissue of the subchondral bone may also participate in cartilage resorption. The quantitative determination of 3H-thymidine labelled chondrocytes excludes participation of these cells in pannus formation.


[Bone marrow acid phosphatase determination in patients with carcinoma of the prostate (author's transl)]. Acid phosphatase was determined in bone marrow aspirates in a consecutive series of 28 patients, 19 of whom had a proven carcinoma of the prostate. The value of this procedure is pointed out in respect to the diagnosis and staging of a prostatic carcinoma and the literature is reviewed.


Mercapturic acid formation in the developing rat. 1. Young female rats dosed with 1-bromo[1-14C]propane excrete the same metabolites as adult females but in different relative proportions. Propylcysteine was detected as one of the metabolites in rats of all ages studied but represented a higher proportion of the total metabolites excreted in rats aged 5 and 11 days. 2. Hepatic GSH-S-alkytransferase activity was low in females at birth increasing up to the age of about thirty days. No activity was detected in the livers of the males at birth and up to 6 days of age; thereafter the level of activity increased up to 35-40 days. 3. Propylcysteine was excreted as prophylmercapturic acid and propylmercapturic acid sulphoxide by female rats of all ages. The amount of sulphoxide excreted relative to mercapturic acid excreted was higher in rats up to the age of 16 days than in older animals.


Tissue distribution of radioactivity in rats given tritiated analogues of hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids. 1. [3H]Retronecine 7,9-bis-N-ethylcarbamate (RC) given intravenously (120 mg/kg) to male rats showed similar tissue distribution of radioactivity to that after an equally hepatotoxic dose (40 mg/kg) of [3H]synthanecine A bis-N-ethylcarbamate (SAC), but the 3H in most tissues after 3H-SAC was about double that after 3H-RC. 2. Concentrations of radioactivity were initially highest in liver and lung, but were higher in lung after 3H-RC than after 3H-SAC, reflecting the higher pneumotoxicity of the former. Concentrations of radioactive metabolites strongly attached to liver tissue were approx. the same 1 day after similarly hepatotoxic doses of either compound. 3. Excretion of radioactivity from 3H-RC was about double that from 3H-SAC in urine, and half that in faeces during the first day.


19-nortestosterone, a model for the use of anabolic steroid conjugates in raising antibodies for radioimmunoassay. 1. The raising of antibodies in Soay sheep to an immunogenic conjugate of 19-nortestosterone-3-(O-carboxymethyl)oxime with bovine serum albumin is described. 2. High titre plasma so obtained can be used for the radioimmunoassay of 19-nortestosterone. 3. Cross-reactivities of the antibody with endogenous steroids is confined to testosterone (20-25%) and 17beta-estradiol (1-2%). Cross-reactivities with a range of other 17beta-hydroxy synthetic anabolic steroids and with some potential 17beta-hydroxy metabolites of 19-nortestosterone vary between 2-3% for 5beta-estrane-3alpha,17beta-diol and 26% for 1-dehydrotestosterone. There is limited cross-reactivity (ca. 1-2%) with anabolic steroids with 17beta-hydroxy, 17alpha-methyl substituents. 4. 19-Nortestosterone (phenyl propionate) administered to a horse (1 mg/kg, intra-muscular) gives urinary metabolites readily detectable by radioimmunoassay, for more than 4 days.


Studies related to the metabolism of anabolic steroids in the horse: 19-nortestosterone. 1. The metabolism of 19-nortestosterone in a cross-bred horse has been studied using 14C-labelled material. 2. Two neutral metabolites isolated from urinary extracts by column chromatography were identified as isomers of 3-hydroxyestran-17-one and estrane-3,17-diol by g.l.c.-mass spectrometry. 3. The stereochemistry of the two metabolites has been investigated by comparison of the retention times of their trimethylsilyl derivatives with those of standard steroids of known configuration.


[Nitrogen utilization and xanthan production by Xanthomonas campestris]. In media with mixed nitrogen sources (nitrate plus yeast extract) a three auxic growth is observed. The first growth phase is characterized by preferential utilization of the amino acids of the yeast autolysate and the utilization of only small amounts of nitrate. During the second growth phase nitrate is preferentially utilized. In the third phase there is only growth without dividing of cells and the accumulation of xanthan takes place. The change from growth by dividing to growth without dividing means a change from balanced to unbalanced growth. It is proposed that xanthan production is connected with unbalanced growth.


[Physiology and biochemistry of streptomycetes. X. Biological degradation of paromomycin and alkaline phosphatase activity depending on antibiotic production by Streptomyces albus var. metamycinus nov. var]. After adding 14C-paromomycin to the fermentation broth we observed a varying course of decomposition of the antibiotic, which is dependent on the intensity of paromomycin biosynthesis running simultaneously. At a reduced rate of antibiotic biosynthesis, the activity of alkaline phosphatase is lower than with an increased rate of production. This applies for mycelium as well as for broth.


[Physiology and biochemistry of streptomycetes. XI. Different incorporation of D-glucose-u-14C into the paromomycin isomers and the precursors of paromomycin I]. During application of D-glucose-u-14C paromomycine II is higher labelled and shows a different dependence on the application time than paromomycine I, which is isomer at the paromose part. For the two paromose isomeres different rates of synthesis are supposed that change nonproportionally to each other. The distribution of radioactivity in paromomycine I shows that there is no fragmentation of the glucose chain during the biosynthesis of glucosamine, ribose, and paromose I. As to the 2-deoxystreptamine the result has not been ascertained.


[Utilization of inorganic sulfur sources by Staphylococcus aureus strains]. Staphylococcus aureus strains of different host-adapted variants (Meyer 1966) have been tested for their ability to use inorganic sulfur sources. All the 25 strains tested were able to utilize sodium sulfide as sulfur source in a medium similar to that described by Kloos and Pattee (1965). Using S. aureus strain 116/74 grown in a medium containing Na2-35S as the only sulfur source we studied incorporation and insertion of inorganic sulfide into sulfur containing amino acids. In disintegrated and fractionated cellular material we could find 35S labelled homocystine and methionine as major compounds, and cystine, cysteic acid, homocysteic acid, and beta-sulphopyruvate as minor compounds. The occurrence of homocystine and the sulfonic acids in bacterial proteins is rather uncommon.


Two kinds of lithotrophs missing in nature. Two groups of lithotrophic bacteria, the existence of which may be expected on evolutionary and thermodynamical grounds, have not yet been detected: (A) photosynthetic, anaerobic, ammonia bacteria, analogous to coloured sulphur bacteria, and (B) chemosynthetic bacteria that oxidize ammonia to nitrogen with O2 or nitrate as oxidant.


[A healthy and active ageing by preparation and complex care (author's transl)]. Today it is possible and necessary to show the way for a healthy and active ageing under our social conditions. This way means the preparation for the age and the pension. This is only possible by the unit of positive personal attitudes, motivations and behaviour with adequate social planning. There are many examples of the macrobiotic, gerohygiene, geropsychology and sports medicine. There are also results and experiences of the whole life and the effects of extreme situations of the life to take into consideration for the indication for the preparation and complex care. Some methodical theses and postulates for training-programmes for the preparation on age and pension are worked out. Such programmes should be carried out for groups, which are especially endangered by their work: workers and leading works.


[Geropsychohygienic programmes and tasks (author's transl)]. The tasks of gero-psycho-hygiene are the advancement and preservation of the psychic health until the old age, the help in the planning of the environment relations of the people and the development of special programmes for the preparation of an active ageing. The human psychic capacities are an unit of intellectual, motivational and emotional components. The development of the personality enclose the advancement and the demand of all psychic functions. The influence of the age remain behind in comparance with limiting, compensating and stimulating influences of the environment of the psychic capacity.


[Sociological aspects of social activities of inhabitants of homes for the aged (author's transl)]. This scientific work tells results after researching important aspects of individualities of persons living in homes for aged people; it informs about their social activities and shows the degree of coherence between these activities and the social-statistical dates--age, sex, duration of staying in the home, duration of staying along before their reception in the home, the number of years they did professional work and the contents of this work. So male and female inhabitants are active in like manner and you can notice no falling of their social activities with rising age. In spite of the time the present inhabitants had been alone before they came to the home of aged people and regardless of the time they spent already there the social activities of those inhabitants are more distinct, whose former professional work was of a higher content.


Travelling in old age.

Travelling in old age. Expanding the "journey test", the author recommends a simple diagnostic test by which the physician can gain a quick information on the psycho-motoric-somatic status of the old patients--as evidenced by 100 cases examined. To make a journey is recommended by the physician even to old people provided the following conditions are fulfilled: I. intact capacity of reasoning; II. satisfactory somatic condition; III. ability of harmonic (co-ordinated) locomotion; IV. financial (objective) resources available for the journey.


Peculiarities of digestion in senescence. It is established, that involutional changes of digestive tract limits digestion in old patients. In the age digestive capacities mostly are sufficient, but there is a great tendency to maldigestion. The decrease of functional capacity doesn't show the clinical features of a manifest digestive insufficiency in old healthy probands. But it was shown that the digestive efficiency is exhausted by hyper-alimentation more quickly in elderly. The pancreas of elderly is able to digest small meals taken frequently.


[Behavior of the body weight in 2261 maturity-onset diabetics under conditions of ambulatory care]. Of 2,261 maturity-onset-diabetics (970 males, 1,691 females) body weight, size and Broca-index were established at the beginning of the treatment, one year after the beginning of the treatment and at the date of analysis (x=5.7 years after the manifestation of diabetes). 72% of the females and 49% of the males had a Broca-index of more than 10 at the beginning of the treatment. The average loss of weight of the diabetics of adult type with overweight with a Broca-index of more than 5 was in the first year 7.6 kg in males and 5.2 kg in females. In the first year after beginning of the disease in the diet group and in the buformin group was achieved an average reduction of weight in males of about 7 kg and in females of about 6 kg. After the first year of treatment in the groups mentioned the body weight remained or rose to one kg. The patients treated with sulfonylureas--compared with the diet-biguanide group--showed in the first year of treatment, indeed, a loss of weight which was about 50% smaller, however, also in the following years (x=4.7) a further continuous reduction of weight could be recognized. The initial results and the late results in the treatment of elderly diabetics with overweight show that, compared with former years, partial success is to be achieved with reduction cures performed in outpatient departments. The importance of the reduction of weight in elderly diabetics for the improvement of the carbohydrate tolerance and the fat metabolism is emphasized.


[Pathogenetic relationships between obesity and maturity-onset diabetes]. The influences of the biguanide therapy on the behaviour of the glucose tolerance and the reactive IRI-values in obese diabetics were investigated. Apart from this a group treated with sulfonylurea was compared. Here besides the IRI-values the fat parameters were tested. Apart from these investigations the half-life periods of insulin in obese diabetics were established before and after the treatment with biguanides and compared with the half-life period in diabetics treated with insulin. In a small group a tolbutamide test was carried out and the insulin secretion, the STH-values, and the cortisol values were examined. The investigations permitted the conclusion that the increased IRI-levels are to be explained by a hypertrophy of lipocytes, when at the same time the carbohydrate tolerance is reduced. The hypertrophic fat cell needs more insulin for the induction of glucose than the normal lipocyte. By this means also the improvement of the carbohydrate tolerance after reduction of weight is to be explained. Finally it is tried to interpret the behaviour of the fat parameters.


[Type distribution of hyperlipoproteinemias in 645 diabetics]. On 645 diabetics of the treatment-groups diet (n = 180), sulfonylurea therapy (n = 250), biguanide therapy (n = 50), and insulin therapy (n = 165) the concentrations of cholesterol and triglyceride were determined and the lipoprotein electrophoresis was carried out. 29% of the diabetics showed hyperliproteinaemias, males and females in the same frequency. In about 54% the type IV was observed most frequently, then followed the types IIb with 25% and the type IIa with about 13%. The dependence of triglycerides on the metabolic situation and the body weight was proved in diabetics. The cholesterol values were independent on form of therapy, body weight and metabolic situation. In the group with sulfonylurea in about 49%, in the group with insulin in about 37% and in the group with diet and buformin only in about 32% a hyperlipoproteinaemia was proved. The opinion is represented that the high percentage of hyperlipoproteinaemia in diabetics and the connected with this additionally increased risk for vascular complications should lead to the introduction of diagnostics and therapy of hyperlipoproteinaemia into the programme of the diabetes dispensaries of the GDR. For the treatment of diabetes the principle should be taken into consideration that a diabetes is optimally regulated only then, when apart from the blood sugar values also the blood fats are within the normal.


[Comparative studies on the value of oscillography and venous occlusion plethysmography in the diagnosis of arterial occlusive diseases]. Oscillography and plethysmography in phlebembraxis also occupy an important place in the screening of arterial obstructive diseases. The two methods give reliable results. In patients who have--as was established by oscillography and clinical examination--healthy vessels, as well as in patients with arterial obstructive disease in stage II a good correspondence with the findings of plethysmography in phlebembraxis could be proved, if all the three measuring sizes (first flow, peak flow and peak flow time) were taken into consideration. Hereby the normal values given partly deviate from those ones given in literature. They are guide values which in the individual case may fall below or transgressed also in patients with healthy vessels, whereby the peak flow time is to be regarded as the most reliable measuring size. On account of the slight expenditure of time the plethysmography in phlebembraxis is suitable as screening method, however it is not sufficient as the only method for the angiological prediagnostics. It is a valuable supplementation to the hitherto known unbloody examination methods.


[Porphyria cutanea tarda after uptake of lead--a case contribution to the etiology]. It is reported on a case of porphyria cutanea tarda. With the exception of a low risk lead exposure during work no etiological factor could be revealed. Body deposits of lead were established by means of Ca-EDTA provocation. After cessation of exposure which was suggested to be the cause the state of health markedly improved. Thus, compensation due to occupational disease was recommended to workers insurance.


[The clinical significance of the risk factor hyperlipoproteinemia. Study on 2700 patients]. In a clinical study on 2,700 inpatients of the medical clinic of Rostock University systematic examinations of the lipids and lipoproteins were carried out. 2.5% of the examined patients showed a primary hyperlipoproteinemia, 14,8% disturbances of the lipid metabolism of different degree of severity, taking into consideration borderline regions of 300 mg/100 ml for cholesterol and of 250 mg/100 ml for triglycerides. In coronary sclerosis and myocardial infarction the frequency of hyperlipoproteinemia was, as we expected, very high, it was about 63 and 77%, respectively. In part groups in primary hyperlipoproteinemia as additional examinations the triglyceride content in the material of liver punction, various coagulation parameters, such as function and kinetics of the platelets were determined and examinations of the secretion of the exocrine pancreas were carried out. In patients of the programme of chronic dialysis, apart from this in temporary dependence on the treatment determinations of the heparin-induced lipoprotein lipase were performed. The consequences resulting from the mutual relations of the factor of risk hyperlipoproteinemia to the diseases of various organic systems are shown.


[Behavior of the lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in patients with hypertriglyceridemia during exertion]. In pateints with hypertriglyceridaemia in rest and during ergometer load an increased rate of lipolysis with increased metabolism of free fatty acids could be proved. This led to a disturbance of the glucose tolerance with hyperinsulinism and during muscle work to a limitation of the capacity of the oxidative glucose metabolism in musculature.


[Hyperlipoproteinemia in patients with arteriosclerotic occlusive diseases of the lower extremities]. After exclusion of a manifest diabetes mellitus occurrence and distribution of hyperlipoproteinaemias in 250 patients with atherosclerotic obstructive diseases of the lower extremities were examined. 54,8% of the patients showed increased serum lipid levels, in which cases most frequently hypercholesterolaemias (type IIa and IIb) could be proved. Patients with obstructions of the pelvic arteries had significantly more frequent hyperlipoproteinaemias than patients with more distal obstructions.


[Effects of various modes of therapy on the fatty acid spectrum in hyperlipoproteinemia]. Gas-chromatographic investigations of the fatty acid pattern of the fractions of serum triglyceride and serum cholesterol ester revealed characteristic changes under different therapeutic measures in altogether 120 patients with primary hyperlipoproteinaemia of the types IIa, IIb and IV. Already under the treatment with basal metabolic diet, more clearly by medication with clofibrin acid, in the hyperlipoproteinaemia type IV the decrease of the palmitic acid, the palmitoleic acid, the stearic acid and oleic acid and the increase of linoleic acid, linoleneic acid, arachidonic acid and eikopentaenic acid in the triglyceride fraction developed. These fatty acids showed the same behaviour under the therapy with derivatives of nicotinic acids in the cholesterol ester fraction in the hyperlipoproteinaemia of type IIa. The combined treatment of the type IIb resulted in the same tendencies, however not so pronounced, of the spectrum in the cholesterol esters as well as of the fatty acids esterified in the triglycerides.


[The effect of physical training on lipid parameters in the blood]. Physical training leads to an improved metabolic capacity of musculature. At the same time through a decreased liberation of catecholamines a reduction of the increased lipolysis develops. The two factors together condition an improved glucose tolerance and a decrease of the reactive insulin secretion. Thus, among others, the synthesis of triglycerides is reduced and an essential factor of risk is favourably influenced for the development of arteriosclerosis.


[Measurement of skin temperature by means of crystalline fluids]. The use of cristalline fluids allows to gauge the changes of the superficial temperature by changing of the colour and to make them reproducible and visible. In a survey it is described as a new method  of the measurement of the temperature of the skin.


[The spontaneous rhythm of the peripheral blood supply in diabetics needing insulin]. In order to study the spontaneous rhythmics of the peripheral blood supply under diabetic metabolic onditions with the help of venous occlusion plethysmography quantitative measurings were carried out in 20 long-term diabetics treated with insulin and in an adequate control group with healthy metabolism. The results were significant differences of the sizes of blood flow in rest as well as in the behaviour of the amplitudes and in the course of time of the spontaneous rhythmical varieties of the blood supply. Influences of age and duration of diabetes could not be proved on the basis of the number of patients. As to their evidence the findings are discussed with regard to the pathogenesis and early recognition of the diabetic neuro- and angiopathy.


[Goodpasture's syndrome and nephrocalcinosis]. In comparison with literary data is reported on 3 young men with a Goodpasture syndrome. Immunohistologically in all cases a glomerulonephritis of the type of basal membrane antibodies was proved, in one patient also still 14 months after having reached the terminal stage of the renal insufficeincy. In every case the disease led to the dialytic treatment without the necessity of nephrectomies for commanding haemmorrhages of the lungs. The longest survival time was 3 years. -- In 1 patient within metastatic calcifications a pronounced nephrocalcinosis developed. Massive depositions of calcium were found in the basal membranes of the glomeruli and tubuli. It is discussed on the genesis of nephrocalcinosis, in which case a secondary hyperparathyrodism, an elevation of the calcium-phosphate-product, an alkalotic metabolic position as well as the dystrophic renal parenchyma of the rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis of Goodpasture's syndrome are taken into consideration.


[Urinary alanineaminopeptidase with reference to age and sex]. In 200 healthy test persons of either sex between 15 and 94 years the excretion of the alanine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.2) and of creatinine with the urine was tested. Female test persons excrete smaller quantities of enzymes with the urine than male ones. In the two sexes the efflux of the alanine aminopeptidase only slightly increases with growing age. With regard of the enzyme activities to the creatinine in the urine the curve of excretion is clearly deformed, since in the senium significantly smaller quantities of creatinine are excreted. When an enzyme/creatinine quotient is used reference values specific to age must be used.


[Experimental coronary stenoses and occlusions]. A constrictor for experimentally inducing stenoses and obstructions of the coronary artery is described. Smallness, good adaptability to every vascular diameter, atraumatic insertion, and slow swelling are its advantages. Within 12 months a coronary artery could be constricted by two thirds. In one third of the cases the lumen was narrowed by more than 75 per cent. Just 50 per cent of the cases showed chronic infarction after coronary obstruction, the other half developed differently marked myocardiac fibrosis. At high-degree narrowing of the arteries, 75 per cent of the cases showed disseminated myocardiac fibrosis. The occlusion of the vessel is caused by constrictor, by fibroplastic alteration of the vascular wall, and by thrombosis. Different degrees of myocardiac ischemia are sequelae of different development of collaterals. The constrictor may be used for studies on the development of collaterals as well as on therapeutic measures in chronic ischemia of the myocardium.


[Diagnostic errors in angiomas].

[Diagnostic errors in angiomas]. A comparison of clinical statements and histologic findings reveals a lower diagnostic success in angiomas, compared with other benign tumours. Cavernous forms of angiomas are very often not discerned. Capillary angiomas are misdiagnosed as cavernous ones, and teleangiectatic nevi as angiomas. Mistakes and their incidences are pointing not at real difficulties of differentialdiagnosis, but at wrong information of physicians as to the cause of errors. According to this supposition, a great part of textbooks in different medical disciplines offer no correct representation of this object. Our results reveal problems concerning the representation of some aspects of skin diseases outside of Dermatology. The diagnosis of angiomas, with special regard to the therapeutic consequences of the fundamental distinction of angiomas from angiectatic nevi by proliferation of endothelial cells, and of cavernous from capillary angiomas by vascular structure imitating arteries or veins, demands more attention in medical education.


Determination of specific IgE and IgG serum antibodies during immunotherapy in hay fever patients by RAST. A solid phase radio-immunoassay, based on the commercially available antigen preparations on paper discs supplied with the radio-allergosorbent test (Phadebas RAST, Pharmacia) for semi-quantitative determination of specific IgE has been applied to the demonstration of allergen-specific antibodies of the IgG class in sera of hay fever patients. A significant rise of specific IgG antibody has been observed regularly as a result of successful immunotherapy. The rise of such "blocking antibodies" occurred within 3 months after commencement of immunotherapy (IT), well before nasal provocation tests became negative in the patients. No significant decrease of specific IgE antibodies was observed over the one year observation period. While these data confirm earlier results by other groups concerning the appearance of blocking antibodies of IgG class as a result of IT, thus providing additional evidence for its mechanism, they also offer a convenient serological method for monitoring the results of IT.


[Replacement of the knee-joint (author's transl)]. Survey of methods. In first part new classification of prostheses. Discussion of some biomechanical problems, mainly on hinge-prosthesis which can only be compromises for various periods. Replacement to be considered only for elderly or very old patients, when conservative treatment offers no chances, other operations are not promising or have failed, arthrodeses cannot be done and pain and loss of function are severe. Indications for hinge- and slide-prostheses are given. In the second part two statistics of results from the literature are discussed and experience with 130 own cases using own model is described. Infection occurred in 3 cases where removal of prosthesis had to be done. Examples of the need for reversal operations are given.


[The aetiology of arthrosis of the first metacarpophalangeal joint and its treatment with joint-replacement (author's transl)]. The first metacarpo-phalangeal joint is assumed to be exposed to incongruent functional demands, when gripping. They may lead to pre-arthrotic deformity and frequent arthrosis. A new special prosthesis, its insertion and first results are described. It fulfills all functional demands and can be used also for younger patients.


[Malrotation of distal femur (author's transl)]. Malrotation of the distal femur could be important for the pathogenesis of the accidental dislocation of the patella. Most difficulties aries in the impossibility to prove and determine torsion deviations of the femur just as torsion deviations of the femur just as torsion deviations of other human bones with the methods at present available. With the syndrom of accidental dislocation of the patella often a series of promoting factore is combined. In animal experiences the consecutive alterations after producing artificial patella alta at the distal femur and at the patella bed with growing rabbits have been examined. It is found out that a real pathological torsion (inward torsion of the distal femur) is following.


[Late results of Imhäuser's osteotomy for slipped capital femoral epiphysis (author's transl)]. The author has reviewed the clinical and radiological results of 55 patients 11 to 22 years following an Imhäuser three dimensional intertrochanteric osteotomy for slipped capital femoral epiphysis. 13 additional patients responded by questionnaire. Of these 68 hips 66 were painfree and functional. One patient complained of pain (due to coxarthrosis proven by x-ray). A second patient was dissatisfied with the functional range of his hip. 40 of the 55 hips which were examined clinically and radiologically had full range of motion, 10 hips showed minimal and 5 hips significant limitation of motion. Radiologically 73% of the 55 hips examined were rated excellent or good, 27% showed beginning degenerative changes (including one patient with marked coxarthrosis). The results were greatly influenced by the severity and direction of slipping, preoperative treatment and the accuracy of operative correction. This study permits the conclusion that three dimensional intertrochanteric osteotomy prevented or at least delayed the development of degenerative changes in the majority of cases. It is possible that many of these patients will not develop coxarthrosis.


[Indication and efficiency of different operations in congenital hip dislocation (author's transl)]. The efficiency of different operations for congenital hip dysplasia is discussed here. Up to the age of 6 years Salters osteotomy and the acetabuloplasty of Lance in a modified form will achieve similar results. In cases with an acetabular index higher than 35 degrees acetabuloplasty is more effective. After our own experience acetabuloplasty can be used in all age groups where there is no congruency between acetabulum and femoral head. In congruent cases Salters osteotomy can be used up to 14 years combined with varus-osteotomy if dysplasia is of moderate degree. Chiaris osteotomy should be reserved for extreme cases, where other methods will not succeed.


[New results of a modified acetabuloplasty after Lance combined with detorsion-varus-osteotomy (author's transl)]. The results of 254 Lance-acetabuloplasties in a modified technique combined withe detorsion-varus-osteotomy have been analysed. The children were operated upon in the years 1970-1974. Regarding the acetabulum the results were as follow: 1. In children between 1 and 6 years a normal acetabular index (as compared with the Normal Values of Tönnis and Brunken) was achieved in 78.3%, a slightly dysplastic index in 14.8%. In 6.6% a severe dysplasia remained. 2. In children between 6 and 10 years a normal acetabular index was found in 59.4%, a slightly dysplastic index in 24.3% and an index as classifies severe dysplasia in 16.2%. 3. In children older than 10 years and adults in 38.3% a normal Hip Value (Busse et al., Brückl et al.) was achieved, in 19.4% the value classifies a slight dysplasia, in 41.6% a severe dysplasia. These results show, that acetabuloplasty in the technique used here is a very effective method, especially in the first 6 years of life. But even in the older age groups significant improvement has been achieved. There for the indication of different operative techniques should be discussed again.


[Aseptic necrosis of the femur head in congenital hip dysplasia. Radiological signs for a prediction or an early diagnosis (author's transl)]. Radiographs an patient histories of 36 children were examined in order to determine radiological signs that would allow a prediction or an early diagnosis of the aseptic necrosis of the femur head nucleus (Luxations-Perthes) during the treatment of hip dysplasia. Necrosis of the nucleus appeared in 17 joints (of 15 children). We had the following findings: a) Mikroepiphyses have a high risk (59%). b) In all cases of necrosis the angles of the femur neck near epiphysis were rounded, while this sign was never found in dysplastic joints without necrosis.


[Congenital dislocation of the hip: an osteo-neural growth disturbance (author's transl)]. Congenital dislocation of the hip may be readily explained as the result of the osteo-neural growth-in-length disproportion. The theoretical concept is supported by experimental findings in frog tadpoles with "congenital" dislocation of the knee joint produced by osteolathyrogenic diet. In cleared specimens with selective staining of the nervous trunks according to Williams (1943) a growth inhibition of the sciatic nerve responsible for the proximal shift (dislocation) of the tibia may be noted. The tibia is adapted to the growth peculiarities of the sciatic nerve in an essentially similar way like the bony neurocranial capsule to the growing brain. The suggested pathogenetic mechanism appears to apply even to the congenital dislocation of the hip in man.


[Rehabilitation after operations on the hip-joint (author's transl)]. The increase of hip-replacement is also seen in departments of rehabilitation. Among 270 operations during 1974/75 the main age at operations was 50-59 years. Para-articular ossification was more common in men than women. Function was disturbed more often in women, pain more common after operations other than replacement. Unfitness for work and compensation depend on the degree of limitation of mobility and weightbearing related to occupation. Because of relatively common complications and still unsatisfactory postoperative improvement, indication for replacement ought to be more critical. Conservative measures often give astonishingly good results, delay progressive symptoms. Techniques preserving the joint should be exhausted before the proper age for operation is reached.


[Hernia of intervertebral disc: treatment by manipulation under general anesthesia (author's transl)]. From 1956 to 1973 94 patients underwent altogether 104 manipulations of their spine under general anaesthesia 60% of the results were excellent and good; of the 40% remainder poor results more than half of the patients had to undergo a hemilaminotomy within one year. The time of observation was minimum 1, maximum 16 years, average 5.5 years. Having regard to a subtile indication we had no irreversible complications. The results was slightly better in older patients: otherwise there was no correlation with age, duration of suffering, myelographic disc-hernia or any other parameter.


[Apparatus for the synchronous measurement of pressure distribution and components of the resulting force under the human footsole (author's transl)]. The presented stationary apparatus enables to make measurements of qualitative and quantitative pressure distribution under the barefooted human footsole. With a film camera the pressure distribution is recorded on 35 mm black-and-white negative film with 60 pictures/sec during the unrolling of the foot. With a duration of 0.5 sec at a walking speed of 5 km/h the unrolling is recorded by about 30 separate pictures. Besides the illustration of pressure distribution each of the pictures shows: a pressure comparing unit, the side-view of the unrolling foot, the actual recording time in units of 1/100 sec and statements about the test person. Each of the recorded pictures in then scanned by a black-and-white-TV-camera. By means of electronic hardware coloured isobares of the pressure distribution given by the different foot deformities are computed and shown on a colour monitor screen. By strain gages, the three components of the resulting force (weight) are registered synchronously.


[Paresis of the brachial plexus: subcapital varus osteotomy, arthrodesis of shoulder joint and above-elbow amputation (author's transl)]. In brachial plexus paresis with partial sensory sparing in the upper arm and complete motor paralysis we amputate through the humerus at the distal limit of sensation. The remaining proximal humerus is fixed by an arthrodesis of the shoulder joint, combined with a varus-osteotomy below the head. This increases with axillary space, facilitates the fitting of a prosthesis and improves care of the skin in this critical area. It also improves the outline of the shoulder the muscles of which shrink.


[Indications, technic and complications of intramedullary nailing in orthopedic view (author's transl)]. After short statement of the present indication and short illustrations of the technics of intramedullary nailing, 41 cases of failure (with the necessity of reoperation) are investigated with demonstrating the observed complications and their causes. Especially were seen malunions, shortening of legs, pseudarthrosis and osteomyelitis and some secondary anchylosis after fractures of metaphysis or comminuted fractures. These results were caused by use of nails with too small diameter and deficient reaming with following insufficient solidity.