Some neural and non-neural factors in visual development of the kitten. Kittens appear visually immature at eye opening and studies were conducted to trace changes with maturity. Longitudinal determinations of optical quality indicate that optical factors may not limit visual performance in young kittens. Estimates of visual axis alignment in alert kittens at various ages show that functional visual divergence does not occur even when the pupillary axes are divergently misaligned. It is thus possible that fused binocular vision may occur in very young kittens, suggesting that procedures that disrupt binocularity may have effects at the cortical level. Single-unit analysis of striate cortex in kittens monocularly deprived for varying periods during the first three postnatal weeks confirms this possibility. Effects are also found for kittens reared with monocular defocus to simulate anisometropia. Binocular recovery from the effects of monocular deprivation is found to be quite limited in kittens given binocular exposure following unilateral lid-suture. The recovery that occurs requires active visual input rather than a cessation of imbalance in the two eyes. A long period of binocular exposure appears to be ineffective in restoring binocular connections in a cat reared with optically induced strabismus.


Psychophysical and neurophysiological investigations of the effects of early visual deprivation in the cat. Cats can locate objects with their monocularly deprived eye best in the monocular segment of their visual field. In contrast they show a marked deficit towards the midline and an almost total failure in the binocular segment contralateral to the deprived eye. This correlates well with the relative frequency of units in the superior colliculus activated by that eye. The performance of the cat in a pattern discrimination task is three times better with the normal eye than with the deprived eye if the patterns have to be detected on a background of visual noise. This correlates well with the loss of units in the visual cortex activated by the deprived eye. There is no loss of visual acuity in the units in lamina A of the lateral geniculate body, but in lamina A1 visual acuity is reduced to half the normal value due to monocular deprivation.


[Biotechnical increase of litter size in early pregnant sows using steroid application. 1. The effect of a single application of hydroxyprogesterone capronate on fertility response in ovulation-synchronized gilts and old sows]. One single intramuscular injection of hydropyrogesteroncapronate was given in an experiment to 199 gilts and 239 old sows on the 13th or 15th or 17th day after insemination to test various fertility performance parameters. Doses were 50 mg, 75 mg or 100 mg. Positive effects on litter size were established from the majority of nine compared experimental variants. The number of live-born piglets was increased up to two. Several groups of gilts had higher mean litter weights. More studies are necessary to prepare an adequate therapeutic regime by which to reduce loss of embryos in swine.


[Ovulation in gilts following biotechnical puberty induction and followed by ovulation stimulation]. Eighty gilts were slaughtered following different time intervals from biotechnical puberty induction, using 500 IU or PMS and 250 IU of HCG, and stimulation of ovulation, using 500 IU of HCG, 72 hours after puberty had been induced. The majority of those animals was found to have ovulated between 96 and 120 hours from puberty induction. Only 3.2 per cent of the follicles formed had undergone ovulation after 96 hours but as much as 94,0 per cent after 120. Not only had sexual maturity been reached by all animals, following the above treatment, but genuine superovulation was recordable from the first oestrus, with the average of formed follicles being 23.9. Stimulation of ovulation following puberty induction, therefore, is considered to be useful in providing favourable conditions for effective time-oriented insemination.


[Morphology and biochemistry of various Mustelidae. 2. Effect of different blood collection technics on various plasma enzyme activities in Mink (Mustela vision Schreber, 1777)]. Blood sampling by catheterisation of the abdominal aorta to test plasma haemoglobin and various plasma enzyme activities was compared with two other blood sampling techniques and their application to farm-kept minks under general anaesthesia, cardiac puncture and tail-tip amputation. The plasma haemoglobin values in plasma obtained from the abdominal aorta were significantly lower than those recorded from the two other blood sampling techniques, which applied to plasma enzyme activities, as well. Those findings were equal for males and females. The plasma enzyme activities tested were glutamate oxalo-acetate transaminase, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and malic dehydrogenase. Some plasma enzyme actvities were tested from a random sample of 164 animals for sex-dependence (88 males and 76 non-pregnant unserved females), with no consideration being given to blood sampling techniques. The standards or physiological indices derived from those tests are reported.


[Distribution pattern, statistical analysis and correlation of selenium levels in swine selenium-indicating organs]. There is a potential risk of excessive selenium levels in organs of swine, resulting in toxicity and residues in pork, or selenium deficit. Therefore, random selenium mean values in "selenium-indicating" organs of pigs selected from suspicious populations were compared with mean and limiting values (reference or normal values) recorded from animals with intact metabolism. Prerequisites required for such comparative assessment included the availability of estimated variance values and knowledge of the presence of abscence of agreement between normal distribution and empirical frequency distribution for the population concerned. Knowledge must be available also on the informative value of measured selenium data in blood plasma and their relevance to the general selenium situation in the organism and muscle at large. These were some of the problems studied by determining selenium levels in the liver, kidneys, blood plasma, and M. longissimus dorsi. Organic selenium concentrations were found to be distributed with right axis deviation but almost normal. The parameters established were typical of the majority of data known from literature. Those date, however, are quite variable, so that the need for independently prepared reference values cannot be abandoned. Correlation analysis showed reciprocal relationships between selenium levels in blooc plasma, liver, and muscles but much less correlation between these, on the one hand, and selenium in kidneys, on the other. The correlations between blood plasma and muscle selenium were close enough to take blood plasma values recorded from the living animal as reference from which to draw conclusions as to the muscular selenium state.


[Occurrence of various enzymes in synovial fluid of cattle and swine]. The activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), fructose-1.6-diphosphate aldolase (ALD), aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) were determined on the basis of 75 synovia samples taken from the tarsal joints (Art. talocruralis) of 41 cattle for slaughter of different sexes and aged between one and 13 years as well as on the basis of 56 synovia samples taken from the knee joints (Art. femoropatellaris), tarsal joints (Art. talocruralis), and carpal joints (Art. intercarpicus) of 20 fattening pigs. Both the general condition and cell content of synovial fluid in clinically intact joints are described. The activities of ALD and AspAT (less than 15 IU/l), LDH (less than 200 IU/l), and NAG (less than 6,000 IU/l) in synovial fluid of cattle were much lower than those in blood serum of the same species. They were normally distributed. AP activity (less than 150 IU/l) in synovial fluid, however, was higher by several factors as compared to activity in blblished. In swine synovial AspAT and AP activities were just as high as in blood serum, while LDH activities were higher by 1.5 times. Major NAG activity was observed, as well. All enzyme activities were characterised by normal distribution. All five LDH isoenzymes but only one AP isoenzyme were established. The above data were compared with findings reported by other authors, and the comparison showed these results as being characteristic of synovial enzyme activities in clinically intact joints of the two species under review.


[Quantifiable morphokinesis of parts of the hypothalamo-adenohypophyseal-gonadal axis in hormonally castrated boars. 3. Studies of boars following treatment with steroid test substance 547]. Morphokinetic effects caused in parts of the hypothalamic adenohypophyseogonadal axis of boars by treatment, using No. 547 steroid test substance (ZIMET, Jena) were to some extent identical with those resulting from analogous CAP application (inhibition of testicular androgen producers, anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, nucleus praeopticus medialis) or those following analogous norgestrel treatment (testes weight, tubule length). The findings recorded were largely attributed to the androgenic properties of No. 547 steroid test substance.


[Use of attenuated mutants of Pasteurella multocida strain, pathogenic to calves, in experimental mouse model studies. 4. Immunogenicity of selected revertants of temperature-sensitive, streptomycin-dependent mutants as potential vaccine strains]. Temperature-resistant or streptomycin-independent revertants were isolated from temperature-sensitive or streptomycin-dependent mutants of a Pasteurella multocida strain with pathogenicity to calf. The revertants were tested for virulence in mice and for their immunogenicity against wild-strain infection, using 100 times and more of the lethal dose. The following conclusions may be derived from the results thus obtained: 1. Most of the fully attenuated streptomycin-independent revertants failed to provide sufficient protection against wild-strain infection, following one single intraperitoneal immunization. 2. Selected streptomycin-independent revertants protect about 60% of mice immunized with one single intraperitoneal less than or approximately LD10 germ count dose, and 100% of mice immunized two times against lethal challenge. 3. Selected temperature-resistant revertants produced high immunity in mice, with one single intraperitoneally less than or approximately LD10 germ count dose protecting roughly 95 per cent of all animals against lethal infection. 4. The temperature-resistant revertant 9 b/1 and 9 b/5 and the streptomycin-independent revertant 1/14 are on the agenda as potential vaccine strains which can provide full or sufficient protection on the basis of one single immunization.


[Ultrastructural changes in the pig heart following transport stress]. The myocardium of ten selected hybrid fattening pigs of different origin was examined by electron microscopy, immediately following lorry transport of something between 60 and 120 minutes. The animals were severely exhausted, and some of them had collapsed. While little information was obtainable from the histological findings, ultrastructural tests revealed multiple focal myofibrillolysis (destruction of I-band and Z-band). Oedematisation, loss of glycogen, and hydropic degeneration of mitochondria were processes additionally recorded from the muscular fibres. The terminal vessels exhibited hydropic endothelia swellings which narrowed vascular lumens, focal statis, and incipient thrombosis. Those changes suggested an involvement of the myocardium in the pathogenesis of transport death and justified the definition of those phenomena as "stress-caused cardiomyopathy" in the wider context of stress myopathies of swine.


[Fibrochondrogenesis].

[Fibrochondrogenesis]. Fibrochondrogenesis is a lethal form of dwarfism similar to thanatophoric dwarfism. It is distinguished radiologically by the widening of the metaphyses of the long bones, and, on lateral x-ray of the spine, by a median fissure of the body of the vertebra without any loss of vertebral height. The condition is inherited an autosomal recessive. A study of growing cartilage confirms that this disease is a distinct entity as there is fibrosis of the cartilage which is never present in thanatophoric dwarfism or in the different forms of achondrogenesis.


[Myxedema caused by ectopic lingual thyroid treated by autotransplantation. Results 18 years later]. An ectopic thyroïd  gland causing hypothyroïdism was found in a 7 years old girl. The treatment was stopped six months later, nevertheless the growth rate was not affected. Sudden mechanical airway obstruction caused by the lingual goiter needed at the age of 16 years a surgical management. A thyröid nodule auto-transplantation was performed with a rather good success. Special comments about some physiopathological aspects of this original case.


[Cholesterol ester storage disease in children. Comparative biochemistry of hepatocyte and fibroblast cultures]. The results of biochemical studies in three children with cholesterol ester storage disease are reported. This rare disease (13 published cases) and the related Wolman's disease are characterised by a deficiency of acid lipase. Affected children mostly present with isolated hepatomegaly. Hepatic cells (one patient) and fibroblasts (two patients) were cultured and cholesterol accumulation measured. Hepatic cells contained more cholesterol than fibroblasts but the enzyme deficiency, assessed by the abnormal degree of esterification was the same in both cell types.


[Culture of normal and pathological human growth cartilage. Action of vitamin D derivatives and somatomedin]. Chondrocytes from normal cartilage of a 2 month old child have been cultured. In vitro the cells maintained their morphological identity and synthesised proteoglycans with electrophoretic properties similar to those synthesised by cartilage in vivo. Sulphation was stimulated by vitamin D metabolites and by somatomedin. This technique has been used to study biopsies of abnormal cartilage.


[Photosensitization and DNA repair. Possible nosologic relationship between Xeroderma pigmentosum and Cockayne's syndrome]. UV-sensitivity is a common feature of several diseases including Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), Cockayne syndrome (CS) and Bloom syndrome (BS). In 12 children with such diseases, cell viability and DNA repair following UV-irradiation as well as PHA transformation of lymphocytes were studied. In 5 of 6 XP cases, in 1 child with CS and in 1 of 2 children with BS, DNA repair and PHA transformation of lymphocytes showed extremely depressed values. A similar study was performed in 2 children with a rare association of XP and CS. Results suggest a relationship between these 2 diseases


Effects of hypothermia and rewarming on the neonatal circulation. Thirteen unanesthetized lambs, aged 1-3 days, were cooled from 40 degrees to 30 degrees C and then rewarmed. During cooling, heart rate dropped from 196 +/- 47 to 140 +/- 42 beats per minute, a 29% change; cardiac output, femoral arterial and pulse pressures did not change significantly; but inferior vena cava pressure (IVC) increased from 5 to 9 mm of mercury, and left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) increased from 8 to 25 mm/Hg. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure increased from 29 to 40 mm/Hg. Metabolic acidosis and hypoxia developed during the cooling. There were marked changes in the distribution of cardiac output; the proportion of cardiac output increased by 450% to brown fat, 66% to the skeletal muscles, and 30% to the right ventricular myocardium and atria. No significant change in the distribution to the left ventricule and septum was observed. Distribution to the other organs decreased markedly. After rewarming, all the previous parameters returned to normal except CVP and LVEDP, which remained elevated.


Induction of heterotopic bone marrow formation in osteopetrotic rats by allogeneic decalcified bone matrix. Contrary to theoretical expectations in osteopetrotic mutants heterotopic bone marrow formation was closely associated with osteogenesis, what is not observed in the orthotopic skeletal bones in these animals.


Transplantation of the "presumptive" Peyer's patch of fetus or newborn mice under the kidney capsule of adult syngeneic recipient. Small fragments of caecum from fetus, newborn or several-day-old mice were transplanted under the kidney capsule of adult syngeneic hosts. Transplants were derived from such a part of caecum at which in adult mice a Peyer's patch is always present (experimental group) or from such a part at which Peyer's patch is never located (control group). Donors were chosen from such early developmental stage at which Peyer's patches not yet been formed, hoping to observe Peyer's patch formation in transplants in view of possible influence of intestinal epithelium on a lymphocyte homing. After 10 to 150 days, transplants were asessed histologically. None Peyer's patche was formed. However, small accumulations of lymphoid cells were located in vicinity of epithelial cysts and blood vessels occasionally filled with lymphocytes were seen in the experimental but not in control group. The results showed that either number of epithelial cells or degree of their specialization were unsufficient for Peyer's patch formation. Other factors like the antigenic stimulation from the gut lumen might be thus necessary for Peyer's patch development.


Investigations on immunogenicity of bovine fibrous connective tissue. The immunogenicity of fibrous connective bovine tissue preserved by different methods was tested by a regional lymph node blastic cell reaction. The results were presented after transplantation of 10 experimental groups of grafts.


Enzymatic synthesis of H-active pentaglycosylceramide by human bone marrow fucosyltransferase. Synthesis of two fucoglycolipides I and II was obtained from GDP-fucose and lacto-N-neotetraosylceramide using either solubilized or particulate enzymic preparation from human bone marrow. Fucoglycolipid I on the basis of its chromatographic mobility and immunoprecipitation with Ulex europeus lectin was identified as H blood group active penta glycosylceramide. Fucoglycolipid II did not react with Ulex europeus and its fucosyl residue was hydrolyzed by alpha (1 leads to 3/4)-L-fucosidase of Trichomonas fetus. Most probably the fucose residue of glycolipid II was linked to N-acetyloglucosamine by 1 leads to 3 linkage.


Interaction of human erythrocyte MN glycoprotein with rabbit IgG immunoglobulins. The interaction of rabbit non-specific IgG and human erythrocyte glycoprotein was investigated using the solvent perturbation difference spectroscopy method. This interaction manifested itself by decreasing accessibility of chromophores to perturbants. Masking of the chromophores was abolished by low detergent concentrations and by changes of native IgG structure by 3 M urea. The sialic acid residues of the glycoprotein were necessary for this effect but probably not due to simple electrostatic interactions. It seems that the IgG-glycoprotein interaction requires intact both--the IgG molecule structure and the structure of the glycoprotein micelle. Interaction of this kind was not observed between glycoprotein and some other proteins as bovine serum albumin, alpha-chymotrypsynogen and human IgA.


Localization and immunochemical characterization of the lectin Evonymous europaeus receptor site on the glycoprotein from human O erythrocytes. Purified and desialylated glycoprotein M from human O erythrocytes precipitates with B and H specific lectin from Evonymous europaeus seeds, both in PBS and 0.2% Triton X-100. Desialylated, N-terminal fragment (MT-1) obtained by trypsin digestion of M glycoprotein does not precipitate with Evonymous lectin but inhibits precipitation.


Efficiency of the determinant method of estimating gene frequencies in three allelic models. Efficiency of three different methods: Bernstein's, maximum likelihood and determinant method were compared. A relative efficiency calculated as a ratio of variances of estimators was used for the comparison. It was shown that the determinant method is almost as efficient for estimating of recessive gene frequency as the method of maximum likelihood, and more efficient than the Bernstein's method.


Frequency of Gt types in the Polish population. The genetic polimorphism of galactose-1-phosphate-uridyl-transferase was studied in the sample of Polish population including 133 subjects. Three phenotypes were found, Gt 1-1 with a frequency of 0.8722; Gt-2-1 0.1203 and Gt 2-2 with a frequency 0.0075. Gene frequencies were Gt1 0.932 and Gt2 0.068.


GLO polymorphism in Polish population.

GLO polymorphism in Polish population. The determination of GLO types was carried out using two methods: on high voltage agarose gel and cellulose acetate foil. In the sample of the Polish population including 201 persons, three GLO types were encountered with the following frequencies: GLO 1-1 0.2438, GLO 2-1 0.4477, GLO 2-2 0.3035. Frequencies of GLO1 gene was 0.4726, GLO2 0.5724.


Types of serum proteins and erythrocyte enzymes in rheumatoid patients. Four group systems of serum proteins (Hp, Gc, Km, Gm) and five group systems of erythrocyte enzymes (AP, PGM1, GPT, AK, EsD) were determined in samples of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in healthy controls. Statistically significant differences were found in Gm system, namely Gm(1) factor was more frequent in rheumatoid patients than in healthy subjects.


The relation between transferrin locus and the breeding quality traits of our country cattle race: lowland black-white and lowland red-white. The relation between transferrin locus and the breeding quality, especially such traits as--milk quantity, fattening and fertility rate expressed through nine traits, were analyzed. There are presented some results of phenotypes distribution and frequency of alleles of transferrin. Changing of allele frequencies in time in certain direction was observed. The calculated coefficients of regression of frequency on a year in race lrw were: bA = -0.0080; bD = 0.0137; BE = -0.0057 and in race lbw: bA = 0.0134; bD = -0.0034; bE = -0.0089.


The survival time of rabbit's erythrocytes. I. Elimination of auto- and allogenic erythrocytes radioactively labeled with chromium 51Cr from circulation. The speed of eliminating allogenic erythrocytes labeled with 51Cr from circulation was examined. Donor's erythrocytes with AFHR phenotype were injected to the recipient with FR phenotype. A fast elimination of allogenic erythrocytes was observed, T 1/2 = 7.6 days. The survival time of autogenic erythrocytes was T 1/2 = 18.2 days. In sera of those rabbits to whom allogenic erythrocytes had been injected, no anti-erythrocyte antibodies against the donor's hemocytes appeared.


HLA antigens in asymptomatic carriers of HBs antigen and in carriers of anti-HBs antibodies. HLA antigens were typed in 42 asymptomatic carriers of HBs antigen and in 20 carriers of anti-HBs antibodies. An increased frequency of HLA-B8 antigen was detected in the group of HBs antigen carriers (p less than 0.025). For individuals with the antigen the relative risk (RR) of carrying HBs was increased to 2.3 at p (0.53 less than RR less than 1.89) greater than or equal 1-0.001.


HLA antigens in gouty patients.

HLA antigens in gouty patients. Lymphocytes from 26 patients with primary gout were typed for eighteen antigens from A and B loci. An increased "relative risk" of the disease was established in patients carrying antigen HLA-B14, but the correlation is not sufficient for using HLA typing as a diagnostic tool in the gout. Nevertheless HLA-B14 seems to be one of the genetic factors which predispose to the appearance of the articular lesions.


Immunological activity of a proline-rich polypeptide from ovine colostrum. The results presented in the paper showed that PRP increased permeability of skin vessels in guinea pigs and that PRP stimulates or suppresses the immunological response in mice, depending on the magnitude of the response.


Studies of a receptor for FP3-phage in Salmonella minnesota R595. The adsorption rate constant of the phage FP3 to sensitive S. minnesota R595 strain was used to evaluate the inactivating capacity towards phage FP3 exhibited by isolated glycolipid and free lipid A. The results suggest that phage FP3 receptor is localized in the glycolipid structure. Phage FP3 is not adsorbed on the other Re mutant cells, Proteus R45, but respective products: glycolipid and free lipid A from R45 exhibitory the inhibition capacity towards phage FP3, comparable to the activity of the products derived from the host strain; the minimal PhI50 concentration of glycolipids is 7.8 and 15.6 microgram/ml respectively.


Immunogenicity of methyl esters of nocardomycolic acids. Immunogenicity of methyl esters of fatty acids of nocardiae (Nocardia (Nocardia asteroides ATCC 19247, N, brasiliensis N318 and N. caviae N231) was studied. The rabbit antisera obtained against the lipid fractions reacted in the complement fixation test (CF) and in the pash sive cutaneous anaphylaxis test (PCA). The results of absorption experiments witt separated fractions of fatty acids esters indicate that the antisera showed activity againsmethyl esters of nocardomycolic acids.


Serological study of Nocardia pellegrino. The serological relationship between Nocardia pellegrino strains was studied by means of immunodiffusion technique. Seven reference precipitation systems, including Nocardia asteroides (three strains), N. pellegrino Sn 5112, Rhodococcus, rhodochrous (two strains)  and N. erythropolis were used. With one exception all of the strains of Nocardia pellegrino examined, seemed to be serologically related to the reference strain of N. pellegrino Sn 5112. They showed 4-5 common precipitates.


DNA homology studies on Nocardia and Rhodococcus strains. The genetic homogeneity of Nocardia amarae, Nocardia autotrophica and Rhodococcus strains and the relationship among these groups of microorganisms have been studied using the DNA reassociation method. Strains belonging to N. amarae and N. autotrophica form genetically homogeneous groups. Distinct differences have been found out among Rhodococcus strains.


Proliferation of human lymphocytes by mitogen stimulated cells. Lymphocytes cultured for three days with PHA or Con A were capable of inducing vigorous proliferation of autologous or allogeneic lymphocytes. Kinetics of the response varied with mitogen dose used for obtaining stimulating cells and with the ratio of stimulating to responder cells. A requirement for viable, mitogen-reactive lymphocytes cultured for at least two days with the mitogen, for their contact with the reacting cells and an absence of significant quantities of mitogen on Con A lymphoblasts examined by electron microscopy demonstrated that a mitogen itself was not responsible for the stimulation. The PHA blast-stimulated lymphocytes were not cytotoxic to PHA blasts nor did they diminish lymphocyte stimulating abilities of PHA blasts in vitro cultures. This indicated that PHA did not induce proliferation of autologous lymphocytes by derivatization of lymphocyte surface.


Study of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). I. Lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity by lymphocytes from healthy individuals. Lymphocytes from 32 healthy blood donors were determined for their ability to mediate the cytolysis of antibody-coated target cells. As target cells a murine lymphoma cells the cytolysis of antibody-coated target cells. As target cells a murine lymphoma cells L1210 were used. Heat-inactivated rabbit anti-L1210 antiserum was source of antibody. ADCC activity was determined at following effector to target cell ratsio: 100:1, 30:1, 10:1, 3:1, 1:1. Lymphocytes of males had significantly higher activity as compared to female ones. The individual fluctuation among both groups was not statistically significant.


Study of antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). III. Preliminary findings concerning the influence of immunosuppressive drugs. The present studies were undertaken to characterize cytotoxic activity of lymphocyte-(ADCC) in the course of primary glomerulonephritis and to evaluate the influence of some of the immunosuppressive drugs on lymphocytes of examined patients. 18 patients were studied; 12 of them were treated by combined therapy with prednisone, azathioprine and chlorambucil. Results were analyzed on the basis of healthy individuals ADCC activity. In the 11 treated patients significant decrease of ADCC activity was observed while non-treated group exhibited as high activity as healthy individuals. Which of given drugs is responsible for the decreased ADCC activity, remains questionable and is currently under the study.


Immunosuppressive effect of concanavalin-A. II. In vivo suppression of cytotoxic lymphocytes generation in alloimmunized mice. An examination was carried out of the in vivo effect of Concanavalin-A (Con-A) on the induction of secondary cytotoxic response (CL) to allogeneic spleen cells in mice. CL responses were suppressed by one i.v. injection of 200 micrograms of Con-A one day before first or second immunization or two i.v. injections of Con-A, 200 micrograms each, given simultaneously with immunization. Single dose of 200 microgram of Con-A given simultaneously inhibited anamnestic CL response only partially, to the range observed in the primary response.


Lymphocytotoxic antibodies in sera of pregnant women: serological and clinical studies. In order to obtain the sera for determining the histocompatibility antigens, 290 samples of blood collected from 278 women were examined for anti-HLA lymphocytotoxic antibodies. These were found in sera of 55 women (20%) and their specificity was identified in 15 samples. No effect of antepartum hemorrhage, premature births and abortions on the production of antibodies was found. The presence of cytotoxic antibodies had no effect on the course of pregnancy and timing of delivery.


Anti-TNP antibodies from bovine serum and colostrum. Specifically purified anti-TNP antibodies of subclass IgGI and IgG2 were isolated using immunoadsorbent prepared from AH-Sepharose and TNP-BSA. Isoelectric focusing in poliacrylamide gel showed differences between antibodies obtained from colostrum and serum. These differences were more observable when H chains of IgG1 subclasses were compared. No differences were observed in L chains. The antibodies obtained were the non-precipitating ones. Spectral measurements in the presence of SO3- ions, showed that the antibodies studied were of low affinity (below 10(-6) M). The difference spectra showed, that binding of a hapten (epsilon-TNP aminocapronate acid) to the investigated antibodies caused the shift of the hapten's absorption bands indicating that the binding occured in the hydrophobic pocket of the antibody binding site. The strongest effect was observed in the case of antibodies of IgG1 subclass.


The influence of cyclophosphamide on lymph node and peripheral blood lymphocytes in mice. The research was carried out on mice of the Swiss strain in the following groups: after a single dose od cyclophosphamide (CY--300 mg/kg), after the administration of sheep erythrocytes (2 X 10(8) into the pads of hind feet and on animals sheep erythrocytes were given to on the fourth days after the CY administration. On the days following the administration of CY, a histological evaluation of the popliteal lymph nodes was performed. The total number of peripheral blood lymphocytes and the number of EA and EAC-rosette forming lymphocytes in lymph nodes and peripheral blood was established. The results made it possible to state, that CY causes a selective lymphocyte depletion of the lymph node lymphoid cell in the cortical areas (thymus independent), which effect was the strongest on the fourth day after the CY injection. The administration of sheep erythrocytes during this period caused changes characteristic for the immunological response in lymph nodes and in peripheral blood. Those changes, as observed in the examined parameters, were less intensified than in animals not treated with CY.


Lymphocyte recirculation through the non-lymphoid tissues of normal rats. Recirculation of lymphocytes labeled with 51Cr and 125IUDR was studied in the non-lymphoid tissues of normal rat. About 10% of the 51Cr and 40% of the 125IUDR-labeled cells were found in the extralymphoid tissues. The 125IUDR-labeled cells showed predilection toward the gut, lungs and skin. Migration of these cells to skin is an original observation, but the mechanism of the phenomenon is unknown so far.


Division of the spleen cells and popliteal lymph nodes in non-continuous BSA gradient of the bovine serum albumin. Lymphocytes from the popliteal lymph nodes and the spleen of a rabbit were divided by means of rotating in the gradient of bovine albumin (BSA). Nine fractions were obtained, and the percentage of the T lymphocytes as well as the total number of cells were determined.


The regulatory role of macrophage factors on rat lymphocyte reactivity. The sensitized peritoneal rat macrophages released in vitro soluble factors stimulating and transforming normal syngenic lymphocytes into the cytotoxic cells with nonspecific activity. Normal peritoneal macrophages released factors stimulating a low spontaneous synthesis of DNA in lymph node lymphocytes or suppressing a high spontaneous synthesis of DNA in native and cortisone-resistant thymocytes. Normal lymph node macrophages in addition to factors suppressing the spontaneous synthesis of DNA in native and cortisone-resistant thymocytes also release factors enhancing or depressing the response of lymphocytes to PHA; the revealing of one of the opposite activities was dependent on the rate of lymphocyte stimulation with PHA. The factors released by lymph node macrophages could also reconstitute the reactivity of lymphocytes depleted of adherent cells to PHA.


Storage of macrophages at -196 degrees C. Oil induced mice peritoneal cells were stored at -196 degrees C for 3 months, using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a cryoprotective medium. Recovery counts upon thawing were about 90%. Macrophages retained their phagocytic activity of SRBC in 89% and there were no significant differences in spontaneous migration, expression of membrane immune receptors and non-specific cytotoxicity of frozen-thawed cells compared with the controls.


Isolation and identification of rat Kupffer cells. Preservation of liver for transplantation into allogeneic recipient affects the integrity and function of Kupffer cells. Rapid method for obtaining pure macrophages by dispersing the liver with collagenase and pronase would open possibility for different investigations. The experiments concerning morphology and phagocytic function were performed on Kupffer cells after 21 hours in vitro culture in Eagle medium with 20% inactivated calf serum. Studies on endocytosis using human red cells and colloidal carbon indicated that Kupffer cells revealed high phagocytic activity after culture.


Surface topography of immunoglobulin molecules. I. Accessibility of aromatic chromophores of rabbit IgG. Non-ionic detergent, Tween-20, was used in solvent perturbation studies of accessibility of aromatic amino acid residues in rabbit IgG molecules. It has been found that surface aromatic residues are localized in cervices inaccessible to perturbant molecules larger than ca. 10 A in diameter.


The in vitro migration inhibition of mononuclear cells in patients with colorectal carcinoma. The response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to PHA and PPD in migration inhibition test has been studied in patients with Duke's B-D colorectal carcinoma. It was found the response of patients cells to both stimulants was increased. This enhanced lymphokine release and/or production was closely connected with the tumor load. The implications of these findings to the regulatory mechanisms of the immune response in cancer patients are briefly discussed.


Studies on antigenicity and immunogenicity of transplantable melanoma in hamster by using migration inhibition test. The migration of spleen cells taken from hamster bearing transplantable melanoma was measured in the presence of melanoma cells isolated from appropriate tumors. The inhibition of macrophage migration in the presence of both amelanotic and melanotic tumor cells was observed, however higher response in the case of amelanotic tumor cells was detected.


The stimulatory effect of human PMNI lysosomes on lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo. The proteins isolated from human PMNL lysosome granules have activated the lymphocytes in vitro. It was found that T cells undergo transformation in response to lysosome mitogens but no LIF production was observed. Transformation induced by PHA, PWM and Con A was depressed in the presence of lysosome mitogens. The in vivo response to T-dependent antigens is amplified by lysosome mitogens. The above experiments demonstrate that lysosome mitogens stimulate T lymphocytes.


The in vivo phagocytosis and intracellular killing of staphylococcal mutants by guinea pig peritoneal exudate cells. The rate of phagocytosis and intracellular killing of staphylococcal mutants of different cell wall structure or those deprived of alpha-toxin production was studied in vivo in guinea pig peritoneal cavity. All mutants were ingested and killed at minor rates than standard S. aureus strains but only in the first hour of the observations.


Evaluation of the function of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in patients with glomerulonephritis. I. Influence of nitrogen metabolites retention, in renal failure on functional activity of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. The function of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in two groups of patients with glomerulonephritis was investigated. Patients were divided according to renal efficiency. In the group of 37 patients with renal failure a decrease in chemotactic activity, phagocytal index and iodination activity of leukocytes was observed (as compared with the control group). Our data indicate that renal insufficiency has some influence on the activity of polymorphonuclear neutrophils.


Microorganisms labeled with 14C for measurement of phagocytosis. An isotopic method for determination of phagocytic activity is presented. The method of labelling of Staphylococcus aureus 519 with 14C is described. Effects of various parameters (e.g. time of incubation, serum dilution, number of phagocytes and bacteria undergoing phagocytosis) on phagocytosis were studied. The effect of tuftsin and its lysine analogue on phagocytic granulocytes is also described.


Application of the NBT test in calves.

Application of the NBT test in calves. A modified nitrobluetetrazolium test (NBT) was used to study 114 blood samples from calves, beginning from the birth to the 21-st day of life. The calves came from two farms with different breeding conditions. The absolute number of granulocytes with the ability to reduce NBT ranged between 0-9737. Comparison of mean values of the index calculated for individual days of life shows appreciable differences between calves from the two examined farms.


Properties of TFX-A product obtained from calf thymus. Properties of TFX--a product obtained from calf thymus by Pharmaceutical Comp. in Jelenia Góra--are described. The preparate is a mixture of polypeptides and peptides of various molecular weights with various biological activities. Attempts of isolation of active fractions, devoid of balast proteins are described.


Production of interferon in human fibroblast cultures: effect of temperature. To obtain several harvests of interferon from the same culture the human fibroblasts have been incubated at various temperatures after the induction with virus. Preincubation of the culture infected with Newcastle Disease virus (NDV) at 37 degrees C for 8-10 hrs before the transfer of it to 25 degrees C resulted in the optimal harvest of interferon at 24th and 48th hrs after the induction. Also the preincubation of the culture infected with NDV for 8-10 hrs at 25 degrees C before its transfer to 37 degrees C resulted in better harvests of interferon than that obtained after the constant incubation at 37 degrees C. The same preparation of NDV could be used repeatedly 10 times without substantial loss of its interferon-inducing activity.


Interferon and humoral immune response in experimental influenza. I. Infection with virus unadapted to the mouse. Production of interferon by the peritoneal and alveolar cells as well as the production of antibody-producing cells by spleen in the experimental influenza in the mouse has been studied. At the time when the replication of virus lung was at the peak the alveolar cells, but not peritoneal cells were found to produce in vitro more interferon than the cells from the uninfected mice. At the same time in the spleen increased number of antibody forming cells (PFC) against sheep red blood cells was observed. In contrast, after intravenous or intraperitoneal injection of 5 X 10(8) EID50 of influenza virus which induced approximately 10(3) units of interferon per ml there was an inhibition of PFC in the spleen.


Effect of interferon and poly I: C on DNA fiber propagation in L 929 cells. Autoradiographic analysis of DNA fiber replication was used to measure the rate of DNA propagation, the distances between initiation points of adjacent replicons and the direction of DNA propagation in L929 cells treated with either interferon or poly I: C, or untreated. Poly I:C ceased by 44% the rate of DNA propagation while the interferon had no effect. Poly I:C but not interferon reduced the mean distance between initiation points by 32%.


Purification of influenza A virus and preliminary characterization of virus proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Influenza A/ZSSR/053/74 (H3N2) from egg ellantoic fluid was partially purified by absorption and elution on chick erythrocytes and chromatography on Sepharose 2B. Concentrated and partially purified preparation of virus containing 5000 HAV and 80 micrograms of protein per ml was subjected to PAGE in 0.1% SDS. Eleven protein bands were selected of which three were identified as NA, NP and HA.


In vitro studies on cellular immunity in mice infected with influenza virus. Cell mediated immune response in mice infected with influenza A (Scotland) 73 (H3 N2) was studied by defining of the leukocyte migration inhibition, in vitro lymphocyte transformation and phagocytosis of S. aureus 209 P by the peritoneal exudate cells. It was found that the infection induces several changes in the reactivity of lymphoid cells which react with influenza antigens. The macrophage migration-inhibition occurs and it sustains until the 14th day. The mitogenic response to phytohemagglutinin weakens but, in the early period of infection the phagocytosis does not change but on the 14th day it also weakens.


The influence of some thiosemicarbazone derivatives with antiviral activity on immune response in mice. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of the thiosemicarbazone-group of compounds with antiviral activity on the humoral and cellular immune response in R III, CBA and Balb/c mice, immunized with sheep erythrocytes or sensitized with oxazolon. The plaque forming cells test, according to Jerne's method and the oxazolon hypersensitivity test were performed. All of the examined compounds, inhibited the humoral immune response, and three of them decreased also the cellular response. The relationship between the antiviral activity and their immuno-suppressive activity has been discussed. Low antiviral activity of compound Hoe 105 could be due to its immunosuppressive action. Moreover, the mechanism of antiviral activity of one of the tested compounds, which displayed strong activity against vaccinia virus, was examined and compared with the activity of methisazone.


Evaluation of immune response in chronically hemodialysed carriers of HB, antigen. The presence of anti-HBs antibodies was studied by immunoelectroprecipitation and the presence of anti-HBc antibodies by an indirect immunofluorescence technique in sera of 15 HBs antigen (HBsAg) carriers chronically haemodialysed due to uremia, of whom 7 had suffered from acute viral hepatitis B. In the latter group, PHA-induced blast transformation of lymphocytes and leukocyte migration inhibition in the presence of HBsAg was estimated. In none of the cases could anti-HBs antibodies be detected while anti-HBc antibodies were present in all studied persons. Mitotic indices showed normal reactivity of lymphocytes to PHA. Except for 2 cases, the HBsAg carriers who once suffered from acute viral hepatitis B contained in their blood no HBsAg-sensitized lymphocytes. In 12 examined individuals ayw subtype of HBs was demonstrated and 3 persons had adw subtype.


Cobalt-activated acylase in serum of patients with viral hepatitis. Newly synthesized and non-toxic acyl derivatives of p-aminobenzoic acid were used as substrates indiagnostic kit for assay of cobalt-activated acylase activity. The enzyme activity, in serum of patients with viral hepatitis, depends on time, type and treatment of the disease and also on age and sex of patients. The presence of HBs antigen has no influence on it. In the patient sera 1-3 molecular forms of the enzyme were found but in the liver of healthy or sick individuals two forms were noted. Using alpha-hydroxy-isocaproyl-tyrosine covalently coupled to Sepharose 4B as a bioadsorbent; the form 2 of acylase from human liver was isolated and separated from the form 1, aminoacylase and aspartyl acylase. Specific immunoglobulins anti-form 2 does not react with other forms of the enzyme either in serum or in the liver.


Capillary transport of immunoglobulins and complement proteins to the interstitial fluid and lymph. Low concentration of immunoglobulins G, A and M and complement component proteins were found in leg lymph of normal men. The lymph/serum ratios of different proteins ranged from 0.07 to 0.24 and depended on the molecular weight of the measured protein. Major variations in concentration were found dependent on the rate of capillary filtration and lymph formation. Hemolytic activity of total complement and of the 9 components were low, with the L/S ratio from 0.06 to 0.25. The C3H50 in lymph was much lower than of the remainder of components. Remarkably low immune adherence capacity of lymph C was noted.


Ultrastructure and antigenic differentiation of bacteriophages of the CII and CIII morphological groups. 45 bacteriophages of two morphological groups (CII and CIII) were serologically tested. The results point out the possibility of serological differentiation of bacteriophages within one morphological type. The aim of the undertaken studies was to examine ultrastructure and antigenic differentiation of bacteriophages belonging to CII and CIII morphological groups.


Evaluation of immunological parameters in rabbits inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus in view of specific and non-specific stimulation. Rabbits were repeatedly immunized with Staphylococcus aureus and a number of immunological parameters concerning humoral and cellular immunity of homologous and heterologous strains was studied. Immunological activation with reference to all the strains, was presented and it proved to be higher in the case of homologous strain. This finding proves the specific and non-specific stimulation of the immunological mechanisms by staphylococcal vaccine.


Evaluation of certain immunological parameters in the course of autovaccine treatment in patients with chronic ostitis and carbunculosis. Certain parameters of humoral and cellular immunity were observed in patients with staphylococcal chronic ostitis and carbunculosis treated with autovaccines. It was found out, that due to the application of autovaccine, the immunological indices displayed elevation or normalization as compared with the controls.


Pathogenicity of various Yersinia enterocolitica serotypes towards mice of Swiss and Balb/c strains. Series of experiments aimed at determining LD50 of various Y. enterocolitica serotypes toward mice of Swiss and Balb/c strains infected by different route have been made. It appeared impossible to establish the LD50 in mice of Swiss strains after a single and repeated intravenous infection. Attention has been paid to a clear relationship between the mortality of Balb/c mice and culture conditions of Y. enterocolitica strains used for infection. In regard to particular serotypes LC50 could be determined on different days of observation and with various routes of infection of Balb/c mice. However, it concerned only those mice groups which were given suspensions of bacteria or broth culture incubated for 72 hrs at 22 degrees C. Irradiated Balb/c mice were more susceptible to infection with all serotypes of Y. enterocolitica. In the course of oral infection of Balb/c mice with serotypes IA and V of Y. enterocolitica it was possible to check the development of pathological lesions in gut and other organs, this did not refer, however, to Y. enterocolitica serotypes IB, II, III, IV, and VI.


Humoral and cellular immune reaction in Balb/c mice infected with Yersinia enterocolitica. Experiments were carried out on Balb/c mice infected with Y. enterocolitica serotypes IA, IB, II, III, IV, V and VI (according to Knopp and Thal) to check humoral and cellular immune response both primary and secondary. It was shown that the occurrence of anti-OH agglutinins and their dynamics depends on the serological type of Y. enterocolitica used for infection, and that it is related to the primary and secondary challenge. The presence of anti-OH agglutinins and hemagglutinins was observed only in cases of secondary infection of the mice. Delayed hypersensitivity evaluated as a cellular reaction assayed with a capillary test of spleen macrophages migration was found only in the cases of infection with serotypes IB, II, IV and VI. The inhibition of macrophage migration was not observed in the cases when infection of Balb/c mice had been evoked with Y. enterocolitica serotypes IA, III and V.


The usefulness of various Yersinia enterocolitica antigens for passive hemagglutination test. Using various antigen preparations of seven Yersinia enterocolitica serotypes (according to Knapp and Thal) and homologous rabbit immune sera the author succeeded in standardization of passive hemagglutination test. The usefulness of preparations termed "supernatant" derived from heated cells at 100 degrees C and lyophilized "crude" preparations of all serotypes were assessed using blood donors' sera and sera of subjects suspected of infection with Y. enterocolitica. It has been shown that though the diagnostic value of supernatant is higher than that of crude fraction, with the former one it is not possible to differentiate hemagglutinins against particular serotypes. More detailed assessment has been limited to serotype IA, only. An equal usefulness for passive hemagglutination of preparations termed "CA free crude" and "ethanol insoluble fraction" derived from TCA extracted cell sediment has been found.


Standardization of the agglutination test in the diagnosis of Yersinia enterocolitica infection. For preparation of antigens standard strains of Yersinia enterocolitica representing serological groups I to VI (according to KNAPP and THAL) were used. The following antigens preparations were used: antigens autoclaved at 121 degrees C, antigens treated with formaline and living cells. The antigens were titrated against homologous immune sera, and their optical density was estimated spectrophotometrically. In the rabbit immune sera, and additionally, in the sera of blood donors and subjects suspected of Y. enterocolitica infection the levels of agglutinins were estimated against the antigens of all serotypes. The results from both groups of sera were analysed numerically with the use of the "Odra 1204" computer. Basing on the antigen titers frequency distribution critical and diagnostically doubtless values were established. The usefulness of living cells and antigens treated with formaline of the serotype IA and serotype V in the serological diagnosis of the Y. enterocolitica infections was demonstrated.


Mycotic sinusitis in children.

Mycotic sinusitis in children. Mycological and bacteriological examinations were carried out in 414 children aged 3-15 years, suffering from recurrent mucopurulent and in most cases accompanied by other respiratory diseases. 22 cases have been diagnosed as mycotic mucopurulent sinusitis and 97 as myco-bacterial sinusitis. The results of mycotic examination are discussed in relation to clinical picture.


The development of humoral and cellular immune response in pregnant rabbits after infection with Toxoplasma gondii and their influence on foetal infections. Both humoral and cellular immune response during experimental toxoplasmosis of rabbits were studied in different stages of pregnancy. The application of different schemes of immunization made possible to detect immunological phenomena in particular stage of development depending on foetus evolution. The research conducted so far, has demonstrated no significant protective influence of humoral as well as cellular resistance to foetus infection of mothers acute infection.


Some aspects of the bacteriologic and immunologic status in parturient women and newborns. In the search for new methods of diagnosing or suspension of intrauterine infection, bacteriologic methods were used, sections of the placenta were examined, content of IgG, IgA and IgM immunoglobulins was determined, and neutrophilic leukocytes in peripheral blood were counted in the parturient women and their children, and in neonates polymorphonuclear leukocytes were also counted in gastric smears. The studies were carried out in two groups. Group I was composed of 24 randomly selected parturient women and their children, and group II of parturient women and their children in whom infection was suspected. The results confirm the existence of defense mechanisms which protect against infection in most cases.


Lysozyme activity in parturient women and their newborns in cases of infection. Using the method of Smolelis and Harstell, modified by Kopeć, lysozyme activity was assayed in parturient women in venous blood and fetal waters, and in healthy and infected newborns born in term or prematurely, in cord blood on the third and seventh days of life, and in cases of acquired infection on the third, seventh and 10th days of life. The assays showed statistically significant higher levels of lysozyme activity in cord blood and in later days of life in comparison with lysozyme activity in maternal venous blood and in fetal waters.


Influence of L-asparaginase on spleen colony formation in mice. L-asparaginase pretreatment prior to sublethal whole body irradiation resulted in decrease of endogenous spleen colonies. This effect was abolished by the simultaneous addition of L-asparagine. L-asparaginase administered after sublethal irradiation did not reduce the number of spleen colonies. This result agrees with the suggestion that L-asparaginase inhibits the proliferation of undifferentiated but not of differentiated cells.


Reaginic sensitization of mice and rats. The reagin response to hemocyanin (KLH) and egg albumin (EA) was studied in inbred strains (Balb/c, 129, C3H/A, C57BL/6J) and Swiss-Copacabana mice. Both antigens induced apparent and in certain experimental conditions, persistent reagin production, KLH being more effective. Al(OH)3 gel as an adjuvant was more suitable for IgE antibody production, while the Freund's complete adjuvant appeared more appropriate for IgG1 antibody response. The reaginic response to EA and Al(OH)3 in rats Wistar, Sprague-Dawley and F1 hybrids (Wistar x August) was weak and transient. The best sensitization, though relatively low as compared with mouse sensitization, was obtained in Sprague-Dawley and F1 hybrids. The results suggest, that a mouse model of sensitization is quite suitable for studying the persistent reagin response, while a rat model may be useful for investigating the early suppression of reagin response.


The relation between magnesium, blood histamine level and eosinophilia in the acute stage of the allergic reactions in humans. Investigation of magnesium, blood histamine level and eosinophilia were carried out on 28 bronchial asthma patients during the exacerbation of asthma and in asymptomatic period of the disease. Control group consisted of 30 healthy persons. It was found that during asthma attack in the patients with atopic asthma magnesium level in blood and erythrocytes decreased which is correlated to the rise in histamine level and the number of eosinophils in blood. This relationship was less marked in patients with non-atopic asthma. Results obtained are a further confirmation of the role of magnesium ions in the pathomechanism of immediate allergic reactions in humans and its participation in the immunological release of histamine.


Blood histamine level and histamine content in the lung tissue in immediate immunological reactions in human and experimental animals. The blood histamine level was determined in 66 patients with bronchial asthma and 25 guinea-pigs in whom the asthma attacks were induced by histamine or ovoalbumin inhalation after previous immunization of the animals. At the same time, histamine content of the lung tissue of the guinea-pigs was determined. It was found that in both humans and animals the level of blood histamine during immediate allergic reactions rises significantly. The extent of this rise depends on intensity of the reaction and time of determination. In asymptomatic period the blood histamine level did not differ from that of the control groups. Histamine concentration in the lung tissue of many of the animals increased during asthma attack but not in all cases was this increase correlated to the rise in blood histamine level. The reasons for these changes are discussed.


Importance of respiratory allergy in provoking reversible bronchial obstruction. In five groups of children: representative sample of normal population, children suffering from bronchitis in the past and children with diagnosed asthmatics, results of unspecific bronchial reactivity to histamine were evaluated and in some of the groups results of skin and inhalatory reactions to allergen solutions were compared. Important discrepancy between skin and inhalatory reactions was shown. Potentialization of unspecific bronchial hyperreactivity after history of bronchitis was noticed. No relationship between attacks of bronchitis in the first 12 months of life and respiratory allergization could be found.


New contact allergens and allergen sources. In the report new contact allergens and allergen sources detected in Warsaw in the period 1975-1977 are described. They are divided into 3 groups: industrial allergens, remaining occupational allergens and cosmetics. There are given some data concerning the substances present in industrial oils, hardeners and epoxy resin solvents, drugs sensitizing nurses, several new sources of chromium allergens, essential oils and synthetic flavours. Results obtained with various star anise oil samples are described. Essential oils and synthetic flavours. Results obtained with various star anise oil samples are described. Essential oils and synthetic flavours are discussed as the main allergens in cosmetics.


Autoimmune phenomena in psoriasis.

Autoimmune phenomena in psoriasis. The striatum corneum (SC) antibodies are present in all human sera as seen by indirect immunofluorescent (IF) staining. They appear to bind in vivo to the stratum corneum of psoriatic lesions. They fix complement in vitro in a two step complement IF test system using either anti C4 or anti C3 conjugates as indicators. IF tests with proper controls showed that the SC antigen in psoriatic scales is coated not only with IgG but in a majority of the lesions also with complement. These observations afford indirect evidence for the participation of SC antibodies and the ensuing fixation of complement in the development of psoriatic lesions.


Studies on the Koebner phenomenon.

Studies on the Koebner phenomenon. The examination of induced Koebner reactions in 71 patients by the IF methods and by histology at selected times after scratching, show, that immunologically specific but non-disease specific reactions of stratum corneum (SC) antibodies occur adjacent to the crusts in both control subjects and psoriasis patients. In lesions induced by scratching in patients with psoriasis there develop progressively additional foci of apparent in viveo binding of SC antibodies. IF deposits may appear before histologic or clinical changes. The widespread immune deposits in the SC with typical histologic changes of psoriasis seem to be a sign of impending clinical psoriasis while single foci of in vivo bound SC antibodies may be cleared by the body without the development of psoriasis.


Lymphocyte subpopulations bearing different surface markers in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Lymphoid cells isolated from peripheral blood and lymph nodes were examined by using the rosette test with sheep erythrocytes (E), the immunofluorescent staining of the surface immunoglobulins (SmIg), the rosette test with mouse C 57 BL erythrocytes (Em and a combined test (SmIg + E). These studies were performed in 143 patients with various subtypes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and in 110 controls. In the control group the following percentage of cell types was obtained: 1) blood (n = 110): T-68 +/- 12, B- 20 +/- 3, O- 11 +/- 7, BT- 1 +/- 1.4, Em+ cells--9 +/- 7, C3+ cells--21 +/- 3, 2) lymph nodes (n = 23): T- 66 +/- 10, B- 17 +/- 10, O- 15.7 +/- 9, BT- 0.8 +/- 1.7. In non-Hodgkin lymphoma lymph nodes a statistically significant increase of null and B cells- was noted in comparison to the controls (p less than 0.001). Similar changes were observed in the blood of non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients in which the leukocyte count exceeded 10(3)/microliter, whereas in the cases with low leukocythosis the B-T values were within the nomal range. It is concluded that the marker studied does allow to differentiate in most cases between the non-Hodgkin lymphoma and other disorders of the lymphoid system. They also give additional information about the more exact nature of the lymphoid malignancies.


Synthesis of combined protein antigens. Cross-linking of Hg-(p-chloromercuribenzoate) and--SH(thiolactone) substituted proteins. The method of coupling of -Hg (p-chloromercuribenzoate) substituted proteins with protein substituted by -SH (thiolactone) groups was designed to obtain AnBm type copolymers not associated with An or Bm homopolymers. Reaction of p-chloromercuribenzoate with human serum albumin (HSA) was performed in 1.47 M imidazole. The conjugate was treated with thiolated proteins (human immunoglobulin G or human serum albumin). Disulfide linking of thiolated proteins was negligible under the conditions used. The total yield of polymerization reached the value 35%-75% of proteins taken for the reaction. It depended on the amount of reactive groups substituted and ratio of proteins A/B, used for cross-linking. The results were confirmed by theoretical calculations based on Bernoulli distribution.


Immune profile of patients with reticuloplasmocytoma treated with alkeran and prednisone. The humoral and cellular immune response was examined in 26 patients with reticuloplasmocytoma. In 14 patients the tests were repeated after 6-8 month treatment with Alkeran and Prednisone. The following parameters were determined: level of immunoglobulin G, A and M, lymphocyte count and differential count (T, B and O), leukocytes migration tests and tuberculine skin test. It appeared from our studies, that patients with reticuloplasmocytoma have defects in humoral and cellular responses, however, the treatment applied, did not influence any of the measured parameters.


Combined therapy of mice bearing L1210 leukemia with adriamycin and mycobacteria. Infection of CDF1 mice with non-toxic doses of different strains of mycobacteria had no influence on the growth rate of the L1210 leukemia. In combined therapy, pretreatment of mice with M. smegmatis did not show any significant effect on the antitumor activity of adriamycin when tested in mice inoculated iv with 10(3) leukemic cells. Moreover, for high doses of adriamycin (15, 20 mg/kg) combined with post-treatment with mycobacteria the shortened survival time was observed. In experiments in which mice were injected iv with 10(2) L1210 cells potentiation of antileukemic activity of adriamycin in infected animals was achieved.


Diagnostic specificity of autoantibodies. III. Age related changes in appearing autoantibodies serum IgD levels and their association with peripheral blood lymphocyte profiles. Comparisons made between old and young people depicted the increase with aging in ANA and thyroid antibody incidence. In contrast to these antibodies SMA were frequently seen in young women. Also in women serum IgM levels were higher as compared to men. Conversely serum IgD levels were higher in men; both these differences were seen in the young group only. Proportions and numbers of E-RFC were significantly reduced in the older group of people as compared to the values of the younger group. Interestingly, the autoantibodies appearing were correlated in women with a lower percentage of E-RFC. Also in women low IgD levels were associated significantly with higher percentage of E-RFC.


Studies on cell surface antigens of mouse leukemic and normal lymphocytes. I. Categories of cell surface antigens on mouse leukemia and their serological identification. Analysis of cell surface antigens is most advanced with mouse tumors, mainly because of the availability of inbred strains with known susceptibility to naturally occuring or induced tumors. The development of serological techniques enables identification of gene products which are expressed on the surface of tumor cells. The naturally occuring and induced leukemias in mice are a particularly suitable model for the studies of surface antigens, because the leukemia cells can be easily obtained in cell suspension, they are highly sensitive to cytotoxic antibodies and they can be compared, because of common origin, with normal thymocytes and lymphocytes. In addition to conventional alloantigens (MHC), differentiation alloantigens (Thy, Tl and Lyt) viral structural (MuLV and occasionally MMTV) also viral related cellular antigens are detectable. Various categories of cell surface antigens and antisera defining their presence on the surface of mouse lymphocyte produced and used for studies carried on in the Department of Tumor Immunology are listed and discussed in the present and following papers (No. I-V).


Influence of the cysteine derivatives on the cell-mediated immunity. The immunosuppressive action of N,N, S-trimethyl-cysteine, S-methyl-L-cysteine hydrazide hydrochloride and L-cysteine hydrazide on the course of post-adjuvant polyarthritis, graft-versus-host reaction, turpentine oedema and incorporation of 3H-thymidine into spontaneous or PHA stimulated lymphocyte cultures was examined. Inhibition of post-adjuvant polyarthritis and prolongation of skin allograft survival time were observed. L-cysteine hydrazide had shown the most inhibiting action. In vitro, S-methyl-L-cysteine hydrazide hydrochloride decreased and N,N, S-trimethyl-cysteine increased the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into the lymphocyte cultures stimulated by PHA. The obtained results were compared with the action of DL-cysteine hydrochloride.


Synthesis of L-cysteine derivatives of immunotropic activity. Working on the problem entitled "Synthesis of cysteine derivatives of immunotropic activity" the following compounds were synthesized; cysteine hydrazide and its hydrochloride, S-methylcysteine hydrazide hydrochloride, S, N, N-trimethylcysteine and S-benzylcysteinyl-S-benzylcysteine. We modified the synthesis of cysteine hydrazide and prepared its hydrochloride. This way a better yield and simplification of the synthesis were achieved. The above compounds were obtained with good yields.


Pharmacological activity in the group of new substituted thiazoloacetic and thiazinocarboxyl acid derivatives. 37 newly synthesized compounds in the group of thiazoloacetic and thiazinocarboxyl aciderivatives with the possibly immunotropic, antiinflammatory and probably central activity were studied. A number of them was not resorbed and only 21 agents were immunopharmacologically investigated. The correlations between the biological activity and chemical structure were confirmed. Among acyl derivatives of thiazoloacetic acid the compounds containing two carboxyl radicals at C2 and C5 revealed the most interesting activity. For 2-N-aralkylo-alfa-sulfonic derivatives of thiazoloacetic acid, the distinct immunosuppressive activity with antiinflammatory component was found. The group of 16 derivatives of thiazinocarboxyl acid had the chemical structure correlated with the immunotropic activity (immunosuppressive or immunostimulative) and antiinflammatory component. Immunosuppressive activity was manifested, in the first place, by the derivatives containing radicals--ethyl, butyl, methoxyphenyl and two groups of cyclohexyl. The compound with allylimino group showed, however, the most immunostimulating activity. The antiinflammatory activity was correlated especially with radicals--cyclohexyl, chlorophenyl and allylimino.


Synthesis of derivatives of 2-amino-4-p-chlorophenylthiazole-5-acetic acid. In the course of studies on compounds with expected antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive action a number of new derivatives of 2-amino-4-p-chlorophenylthiazole-s-acetic acid have been synthetized. The chemical structure of these compounds has been confirmed by elemental analysis and IR spectra. The newly obtained compounds were investigated pharmacologically. It has been found that some of the derivatives possess antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive activity.


Studies on derivatives of tetrahydro [1,3]-thiazine. In the course of studies on compounds with expected antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive activity a series of new derivatives of tetrahydro [1,3]-thiazine-4-one-6-carboxylic acid, tetrahydro [1,3]-thiazine-4,6-dione and 2-thiobarbituric acid have been synthetized. Several new and unexpected details of the chemical behavior of these compounds were revealed. The chemical structure of the new compounds was confirmed by degradation and identification of the decomposition products and spectral analysis. Pharmacologic analysis showed that some of the compounds exerted an antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive activity.


Syntheses in the group of aminoguanidine derivatives with immunosuppressive and cytostatic properties. A number of new derivatives of amino-, nitroamino- and diaminoguanidine (I, II, III) were synthetized. The course of the reactions was studied and the structure of new compounds obtained was confirmed. Some of them exhibited strong immunosuppressive and cytostatic activities, especially compounds: IV, VI, VII, VIII and IX.


[The effect of colchicine on liver function tests and hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic active hepatitis: a study of 3 cases (author's transl)]. Three patients with chronic active hepatitis received Colchicine therapy, as an antifibrotic drug. The effect of this drug is analysed biochemically (serum albumin, total serum billirubin and amino-transferase aspartate) and histologically before and after colchicine therapy. Biochemical improvement was observed. No histological change was noted.


[Immediate and late results of surgical alternatives in the treatment of non-resectable duodenal ulcers (author's transl)]. The authors present 69 patients with duodenal ulcer considered as non-resectable ("difficult duodenum"). Troncular vagotomy associated with gastrojejunostomy (VTGE) were performed in 26 cases. This surgical approach was chosen for patients with advanced age, poor general condition and, obesity. When local conditions such as deformity, post-bulbar ulcer and penetrating ulcers were present, troncular vagotomy with antrectomy and Finsterer exclusion (VTAF) was the procedure of choice (43 cases). The incidence of duodenal fistula during the hospital stay was high (6,9%) in the VTAF group but the mortality rate was low, as oposed to the high mortality rate after VTGE. This is in agreement with other authors. Regarding the late results (follow-up for over 1 year in 58.3% of the VTGE group and, 70.5% of the VTAF group) a recurrence rate of 16.6% was observed in the VTGE group and, none in the CTAF group. The authors conclude that in the non-resectable duodenum, the procedure of choice is troncular vagotomy with antrectomy and Finsterer exclusion. Troncular vagotomy and jejunostomy should be considered as an alternative and, performed only in obese patients, over the age of 65 and in poor general condition.


[Frequency of lipoprotein-X (LP-X) in icteric patients. Comparison with some bioquimical data (author's transl)]. The authors have studied the frequency of an abnormal lipoprotein (LP-X), by the method presented by YAE e col. (21). The LP-X test is useful in differentiating of a cholestatic process from a non-cholestatic one, but it is not adequate to distinguish an intrahepatic cholestasis from an extrahepatic biliary obstruction. Out of the 41 icteric patients who were studied, a frequency of the presence of the LP-X was observed in 68.3% thus distributed: viral hepatitis 90,5% obstructive jaundice 85,7%, jaundice of uncertain etiology 37.6%; it was not present in 5 patients with hepatic cirrhosis and in the serum of 21 healthy volunteers. A significant association was found between the presence of LP-X and an abnormal curve of lipoproteins.


Primary neurilemmal tumour of the liver: case report. A probably unique case of primary benign neurilemmoma of the liver is presented in which no evidence of visceral neurofibromatosis was observed. The histological characteristic of the tumour are discussed.


Gastro-intestinal hormones. What remains? Study of gastro-intestinal hormones is a very young science. It's break through came with the isolation and synthesis of pure hormones and in particular with introduction of radio-immunoassay in gastroenterology. Even from clinical viewpoint the practical advances in so short a period of time are considerable. Almost impossible to grasp is the growth of knowledge, which grew in the physiological and technical field from the study of gastro-intestinal hormones.


[AW23 and AW24 associated with chronic calcifying pancreatitis of alcoholic origin (author's transl)]. Determinations of histocompatibility antigens of A and B loci was undertaken in 22 white male patients with chronic calcifying pancreatitis (CCP) of alcoholic etiology and compared to 100 controls. Results were analysed by the kappa2 test with Yates correction. HLA--AW23 and AW24 were significantly more prevalent in patients than in controls and HLA-B8 was absent in all CCP cases. Although the small number of cases is insufficient to allow any definite conclusion, the obtained data suggests the presence of a genetic predisposition to this disease.


[Insulin and disaccharidases levels of the small intestine of the rat (author's transl)]. It was taken 32 male Wistar rats, weighting between 130 g and 150 g, free feeding, to study the total and specific activities of lactase, invertase and maltase of small intestine of rats. The animals were divided by chance in 3 experimental and 1 control group. 1. group--Aloxanic diabetes rats: treated with 1 unit of NPH insulin every day: after the 4th day of aloxane administration, all rats were killed. 2. group--Aloxanic diabetes rats--treated for 5 days with 1 unit of NPH insulin every day; after the 5th day until the 7th they were treated with 4 units of NPH insulin and were also killed. 3. group--Hyperinsulinism rats--Normal rats were treated for 4 days with 4 units of NPH insulin every day. After the 5th day they were killed. 4. group--Control group--Normal rats, free feeding. They were observed during 4 days and were also killed. The results showed that none difference was observed in the 4 groups of rats about the total and specific activities of lactase, invertase and maltase of the small intestine. In this study, all the animals with aloxanic diabetes were treated with insulin. Then, it is possible that the insulin inhibited the stimulator effect of the diabetes upon the dissacaridases of the small intestine of the rats.


[Anatomoradiological patterns of vermiform appendix's arterial supply (author's transl)]. The authors tried to establish the most frequents anatomo-radiological patterns of the irrigation on the vermiform appendix. The search was done in one hundred cases they found six different patterns of arterial irrigation.


D-xylose blood test (ninety-minute) in assymptomatic children from marginal areas of São Paulo City. Assymptomatic children from marginal socio-economical area of São Paulo city, classified as "normal" according to the growth parameters for Brazilian children, were submitted to an oral D-Xylose test and the blood pentose values were checked in fasting time and ninety minutes after sugar ingestion. Based on body weight, the children were divided in three groups. The homogeneity of the three groups' results, as confirmed by statistics, permitted the aggregation of the values in a single one. The lower degree of dispersion suggested a narrow range of intestinal absorption capacity when compared with the value of normal children from well-developed countries. The lower critical normal limit of blood D-Xylose value, around 20 mg/100 ml. coincided with the same parameter for children from matured countries. These facts suggest an adaptation to the difficult environment conditions, that probably is a characteristic among children living in the marginal areas of great cities in developing countries.


[Vascular malformations of the posterior fossa with otorhinolaryngological symptoms (author's transl)]. Aneurysms, angiomas and arterio-venous fistulas of the posterior fossa are neurosurgical problems. However, if these malformations produce symptoms like deafness, tinnitus, vertigo or nystagmus otorhinolaryngologists are involved. Pathogenetic factors are either the local pressure of the malformation or reduction of cerebral or pontine blood supply. The otorhinological, neurological and diagnostical problems of these malformations are presented. Special emphasis is applied to the operative procedures.


[The transseptal-transsphenoidal approach in hypophysectomy (author's transl)]. The transseptal-transsphenoidal approach in hypophysectomy is more advantageous than all other accesses because the pituitary gland can be removed oppositely. By that way the damage of e.g. the optic nerve or the carotid artery can be avoided. The possiblity of perforation of the nasal septum, deformation of the tip of the nose or rhinitis sicca has only small importance. Moreover the neurosurgeon meets with a great and clear operating area because the anterior wall of the sella turcica can be resected extremely. The transseptal-transsphenoidal approach is simple, distinct and shortens the operation time.


[How effective is the inferior meatal antrostomy in chronic maxillary sinusitis? (author's transl)]. 44 inferior meatal antrostomies in 32 patients have been followed over a period of 2 years. Control of the results by means of sinuscopy, ultrasonography, x-ray's, biopsies and subjective as well as objective findings revealed good results in 89% of the patients. Closure of the fenestration occurred in 29,5% but had no bearing on the recurrency rate of sinusitis. Improvement was noticeable even after closure. Allergy did not play an important role. Mucociliary transport was evident through the window, permitting adequate ventilation and drainage.


[Hearing loss and hyperthyroidism (author's transl)]. The audiometric findings on 23 patients with diquited hypothyroidism for a minimum of 4 months to a maximum of 20 years are presented. Audiometric tests, including acustic impedance measurements (tympanometry, stapedius reflex) were performed on all patients before and after an adequate substitution therapy. In 12 patients there was a definite impairment of hearing before the substitution therapy. Eight of them have shown a mild to moderate sensory-neural deafness. Four showed a mixed deafness, in three of which a negative pressure of 300 mm H2O was measured in the middle ear, the fourth one had a seromucotympanon. In three patients with pure sensory-neural deafness the stapedius reflex was elicitated only 30 dB over the pure tone threshold in speech frequencies. The audiometric measurements after an adequate substitution therapy of minimum 4 months has shown a definite improvement of hearing loss.


[Duodenal ulcer treated by carbenoxolone sodium. Endoscopically controlled trial (author's transl)]. The authors present the results of a clinical and endoscopic controlled trial of outpatients with duodenal ulcer treated with carbenoxolone (CBX) and carbenoxolone plus antacids (CBX + AA). They observed complete healing of the duodenal ulcer in 77%-83,3% in both groups of patients. They concluded that CBX is important in the treatment of duodenal ulcer been equally effective alone or in association with antacids.


[Hypacusis in acquired hypothyroidism (author's transl)]. We examined 56 patients with latent or clinically manifest hypothyroidism and 18 patients with acute athyreosis as a control group. We were especially interested in the localization and extent of hearing abnormalities. 45% of the patients with chronic hypothyroidism showed a hearing loss. Of these, two patients had a pure conductive loss, seven a combined hearing loss and 16 a sensori-neural hearing loss. We demonstrated hair cell damage in 13 of the patients with chronic hypothyroidism. The hearing loss was mild to moderate in over 90% of the cases. Although several patients had a basocochlear hearing loss, no characteristic audiogram was found. There was a correlation between the conductive loss and the severity of the hypothyroidism. 50% of the patients showed a significant improvement in hearing after substitution therapy. The results of our examinations are discussed in detail.


[Anal fissure: technic used to have an internal lateral anal sphincterotomy for its treatment (author's transl)]. The authors show a variant technic very simple of the Internal lateral anal sphincterotomy for treatment of chronic anal fissure. They present the description of this procedure with the designs of the different parts of the surgery.


[The differential diagnosis in Menières disease: the basilar impression (author's transl)]. We examined the cranio-cervical region in 180 patients with nonspecific dizziness and in most cases unilateral sensory-neural hearing loss. In 32 cases we found malformations of the cranio-cervical region. The sympatomatology of the basilar impression is probably caused by the compression of the vessels of the lower cerebellar regions and the brain stem as well as disturbances of the cerebro-spinal fluid circulation. The basilar impression is diagnosed by means of lateral X-rays of the skull base, tomography of this region and in some cases computertomography of the posterior cranial fossa. The importance of basilar impression in the differential diagnosis of Menières disease and acoustic neuroma is discussed.


[The structure of the round window membrane studied by thin section.- freeze-fracture- and scanning electron microscopic technique (author's transl)]. In thin sections of the round window membrane of chinchilla there were found tight junctions between the cells of the outer and of the inner cell layer as well. Their structure was demonstrated in freeze-fracture replica, and in the scanning electron microscope both faces of the membrane appeared uninterrupted. The tight junctions between the mucosal cells constantly became visible and are considered impermeable; however, the junctions connecting the mesothelial cells, which face the perilymph, demonstrated high susceptibility against differences in preparation and were structurally different.


[Endoscopic needle biopsy in larynx and pharynx (author's transl)]. The needle-biopsy taken in the pharynx and larynx is a simple and reliable procedure for the histological diagnosis of submucosal tumours. It can be performed either in local anaesthesia using the zoom-endoscope by v. Stuckrad or during microlaryngoscopy under general anaesthesie. This method however does neither replace the single biopsy of exophtic tumours nor the microlaryngoscopic excision of suspicious, precancerous lesions.


[Three- and five-years-follow-up of combined therapy of advanced carcinoma of the larynx (author's transl)]. It is reported the follow-up of 163 laryngectomized patients with advanced squamous carcinoma of the larynx. 93 of them have been irradiated pre- and postoperatively by 3.000 rad at a time. In this way the laryngectomy followed the preoperative irradiation immediately. 70 patients have been irradiated by 6.000 rad postoperatively. The comparative study of both groups showed, that patients with preoperatively irradiated carcinomas of the supraglottic space reached the three- and five-years in a higher percentage than those irradiated postoperatively alone. The postoperative mortality rate and the degree of healing-complications was higher in the group of preoperatively irradiated patients but not as high as it is published by other authors.


[Pathohistological findings in infarcted parotid glands (necrotizing sialometaplasia) (author's transl)]. In 1973 Abrams et al. described a nonneoplastic lesion named "necrotizing sialometaplasia". Since this date additional cases have been reported. The lesion might be misdiagnosed either mucoid tumor or squamous carcinoma. The cases reported in the following years were localised on the hard palate, lower lip, nose and in the major salivary glands. By the "Speicheldrüsenregister" of the Institute of Pathology of the University of Hamburg five cases of infarcted parotid glands were registered during the years of 1965--1977. All infarcts are observed in patients with tumors in the parotid region. No infarct happened spontaneously. Histologically two forms of infarcts are distinguished: haemorrhagic and ischaemic. In both forms of infarcts there necrosis of acini and squamous metaplasia in intercalar and striated ducts. Degenerative changes are seen in the center of ducts with squamous metaplasia. The reaction of the interstices of the two forms of infarction are different: In the ischaemic there lipomatosis, and in the haemorrhagic there are fibrosis. Our findings are exactly as described for minor salivary glands in necrotizing sialometaplasia.


[Clinical relevance of the early and the late acoustically evoked potentials at Menières disease and at sudden hearing loss (author's transl)]. At some patients suffering from Menières disease or sudden hearing loss the brainstem potentials and the late auditory potential N1 were registered. It could be shown that an exact differential diagnosis between these both illnesses was not possible by means of these acoustically evoked potentials. Furthermore it was not possible by means of these potentials to predict an improvement of hearing at patients with sudden hearing loss. Finally the potentials showed an increasing of their latencies which was greater at patients with sudden hearing loss than at patients with Menières disease.


[Electrode model for multiaxonal stimulation of the acoustic nerve (author's transl)]. An electrode arrangement is described, which allows an isolated stimulation of 25--50 singular axons: By laser beams a small ceramic plate got 25--50 perforations through which glass isolated platin wires were so fixed that they end like a brush. Only the tips of the "hairs" are not isolated. The diameter of the electrodes is approximately 10 micrometer, the length ranges between 0,5 and 1,5 mm. This electrode system is enough stabile to be pressed into a hard boiled egg without being damaged.


[The effect of noise trauma on speech discrimination in silence and under influence of party noise (author's transl)]. Speech audiometry investigations were carried out in silence and under action of cocktail party noise in 44 soldiers. The testing subjects were grouped according to age and degree of noise lesion. The statistical evaluation of discrimination losses measured in silence and under acting party noise indicated that noise lesions induced considerable discrimination losses even in young subjects particularly under cocktail party noise conditions. Discrimination decreases significantly as the degree of noise trauma increases. In order to assess the real effect of the hearing loss caused by noise trauma upon speech discrimination, the tests of speech audiometry should be performed under noise conditions.


[The medicolegal judgement of noise induced hearing loss combined with other kinds of hearing impairment (author's transl)]. In cases of noise induced hearing loss, the medicolegal judgement of causality often is complicated by the coincidence of endogenous hearing impairments, which conceal the audiological characteristis and the degree of Nihl. The recognition of an occupational disease however is possible only when there is a dominant probability; the possibility of Nihl alone in sight of the labour conditions is not sufficient for this recognition. In such cases, the medical expert therefore, besides of an extensive audiological analysis, must have sufficient information on noise immission, on the course of hearing impairment in regard to working time, and on other diseases and accidents which possibly can influence hearing function.


[Time resolution ability in dichotic hearing experiments (author's transl)]. Concerning auditory analysis of speech signals time resolution is one of the most important ability of the hearing system. In psychoacustic experiments with dichotic represented bursts of noise the delection and time resolution of short changes of interaural time delay and noise coherence are investigated. The results of normal and pathological binaural hearing are discussed and compared to other auditory time analysis experiments.


[Indications and methods of lingual tonsillectomy (author's transl)]. The indications of lingual tonsillectomy are conditioned by the symptoms of the patient. Without symptoms, no operation. If the conservative treatment does not minimize the clinical signs, surgical treatment is indicated. The surgical procedures vary with the degree of hyperplasia from the electrosurgical resection to an operative procedure with a lingual and laryngeal phase and previous tracheotomy.


[The pathogenesis of the secondary adhesive processes. A clinical and experimental study (author's transl)]. According to the clinical experience the rate of relapses in operated adhesive processes is very high. We found tympanic pressure to be normal in one third of the cases, therefore the impaired tubal function cannot be the only reason for relapses. With a special method we could demonstrate that there is a great difference in the development of tympanic pressure in cases of operated adhesive processes compared with cases with normal elasticity of the tympanic membrane. So changes of the elasticity may be an important factor influencing the rate of relapses. We could support this conception using models for tympanometric experiments.


[Evaluation of the fistula test and the positional test in the diagnosis of a fistula of the labyrinth (author's transl)]. 111 patients with a chronic otitis media and symptoms of dizziness were investigated. Out of 75 patients, who were operated, a fistula of the labyrinth was suspected in 25 patients due to a positive fistula test or a positive (fistula) positional test. A fistula was found in 15 patients. In those 15 cases both the fistula and the positional (fistula) test were positive in nine cases. In the remaining six cases three had a positive fistula test and three a positive (fistula) positional test. The other 50 patients all with negative fistula reactions one fistula was whereas found by the operation. This would indicate, that a positive fistula test and a positive (fistula) positional test are of value in the preoperative evaluation of patients with chronic otitis media and symptoms of vertigo.


[Effects of contraceptive pills in the field of otorhinolaryngology (author's transl)]. Besides the wellknown alterations of the Eustachian tube there will be discussed the effects of the contraceptive pills on salivarian glands and on inner ear. The influence of the gestagen and estrogen on the regulation mechanism of the above mentioned organs is demonstrated. Especially the erectile tissue of the submandibular and parotic glands and recidiving sudden deafness are discussed.


Suppression of immunoresponses to Haemophilus gallinarum with nonviable Mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens. The suppressive effect of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) on Haemophilus gallinarum (HG) immune response was shown. Antibody response to HG was highly suppressed when chickens were inoculated intramuscularly with HG-MG combined bacterin. Findings were similar in chickens injected intramuscularly with HG and MG bacterin separately at adjacent sites. No immunosuppressive effect was recognized when injections with HG and MG bacterins were in the left and right thigh muscles, respectively, or from intravenous inoculation with the combined bacterin. Nor did HG-Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) combined bacterin injected intramuscularly evidence immunosuppression. Recovery rate of HG and clinical symptoms were more evident in chickens with suppression of antibody responses than in chickens without suppression.


Photosensitization in ducklings induced by seeds of Cymopterus watsonii and C. longipes. For 14 days ducklings were fed seeds of Cymopterus watsonii or C. longipes at 100 mg, 500 mg, or 2 g/kg of body weight and exposed to sunlight. Those fed C. longipes at 500 mg showed transient photosensitization. C. watsonii at 2 g induced mild photosensitization at 8 days, with consequent beak deformity and little apparent effect on the birds' health. C. longipes at 2 g induced acute photosensitization within 3 days, with consequent severe damage to the skin of the head, beak, footwebs, and legs. These birds showed extreme stunting within 8 days of first ingesting the seeds, and several weeks later were still very retarded, with severely deformed beaks and footwebs. One bird in this group died at 22 days.


Effect of tiamulin in chickens and turkeys infected experimentally with avian Mycoplasma. Tiamulin was compared, under a variety of experimental conditions, with 4 water-soluble antibiotic preparations available commercially for the control and treatment of mycoplasmal infections in poultry. In chickens, tiamulin was more effective than the reference antibiotics in preventing and eradicating airsacculitis caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum and preventing airsacculitis and synovitis caused by M. synoviae. In turkeys, tiamulin and tylosin were equally active in preventing airsacculitis caused by M. gallisepticum. Tiamulin was highly effective in preventing airsacculitis also when administered as a single subcutaneous dose.


Comparison of Mycoplasma meleagridis antibodies demonstrated by tube agglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition tests. Groups of turkeys inoculated intravenously with hemagglutinating (HA) and nonhemagglutinating (NHA) strains of Mycoplasma meleagridis developed similar antibody titers as demonstrated by the tube agglutination (TA) test, but use of the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test indicated markedly higher titers for turkeys inoculated with the HA strain than for those inoculated with the NHA strain. Adsorption of serum antibody with NHA strain antigen removed most agglutination activity but had little effect on HI activity. These results indicate that the HI and TA tests demonstrated antibody against different antigens, with the HI test detecting antibody directed against the hemagglutinin and the TA test detecting antibody directed against membrane antigens common to both strains.


Rapid method for basophil count in domestic fowl. A simple, rapid, and reproducible method for absolute basophil count in adult domestic fowl is described that uses toluidine-blue stain. The absolute basophil count was variable from bird to bird and breed to breed. The importance of a high basophil count in relation to inflammation and hypersensitivity in birds is discussed.


Marek's disease virus-induced tumor transplants: development and rejection in various genetic strains of chickens. This study compares the ability of strains of chickens of varied genetic resistance to Marek's disease (MD) to resist or regress both local and general reactions to transplantable tumor cells induced by a variety of MD virus strains and to transmissible lymphoid tumor cells (Olson's TLT) induced by an avian leukosis-sarcoma retrovirus. Previous studies have dealt with only a single MD transplant. Three conclusions can be drawn from our data: 1) MD virus infection alone could induce progressive tumors at the site of inoculation. 2) Progression or regression of transplant tumors was independent of genetic susceptibility to MD. 3) Incidence of virus-induced host tumors was dependent upon genetic susceptibility to MD.


Thermostability of the hemagglutinin of Newcastle disease virus as a strain marker in epizootiologic studies. The recent isolation of viscerotropic velogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus having a thermosensitive hemagglutinin and of a lentogenic strain with an unusually thermostable hemagglutinin confirmed that virulence for chickens was not related to the thermostability and could be used as a marker for strains in epizootiologic investigations.