Influences of long-term cigarette smoke exposure on pharmacokinetics of theophylline, and on liver microsomal enzymes in rats.

The influences of long-term cigarette smoke exposure on pharmacokinetics of oral theophylline (20 mg/kg), and on liver microsomal enzymes which metabolize drugs were studied in rats. Animals were exposed to cigarette smoke for 20 min each in the morning and evening every day for 26 days in the pharmacokinetic study, and 27 days for the enzyme assays. Theophylline was administered 13 h after the last exposure to smoke, and plasma concentrations were measured using HPLC. Plasma concentrations of theophylline during the absorption phase and 6 h after oral administration were lower in the long-term cigarette smoke-exposed group than in the control group. In the smoke-exposed group, the AUC and Ka were lower, and the Ke was slightly higher than in the control group. Liver weight and the ratio of liver weight to body weight were lower in the smoke-exposed group, and cytochrome b5 content and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase activity were higher, but cytochrome P-450 content did not differ from the control group. These results indicate that long-term exposure to cigarette smoke suppresses theophylline absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, accelerates its elimination, and affects liver microsomal enzymes which metabolize drugs.


Modification of liver and serum enzymes by paraquat treatment in rabbits.

Paraquat (PQ) is known to cause progressive interstitial fibrosis in the lungs. Previous investigations have indicated that PQ acts by lipid peroxidation of the membrane. However, there are few reports on the action of PQ on hepatic enzymes. This work was carried out to investigate the modulation of various hepatic enzymes by PQ in rabbits. Paraquat was administered at a dose of 3, 6 or 12 mg/kg b. wt/day intraperitoneally to male rabbits for different periods of time. Administration of paraquat resulted in a significant decrease in plasma activities of transaminase enzymes, alkaline phosphatase and liver transketolase. No significant change was found in the activities of plasma and hepatic lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase. A marked increase in blood glucose was noticed 48 hours after paraquat administration.


Tiaprofenic acid-induced photohemolysis in vitro is inhibited by nimesulide.

The effect of nimesulide on red blood cell (RBC) lysis photosensitized by tiaprofenic acid was investigated. The tiaprofenic acid-induced photohemolysis rate was enhanced by exposure to oxygen but lysis was also observed under anaerobic conditions. Photohemolysis was decreased by reduced glutathione (GSH) and reduced even more by butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA); sodium azide, superoxide dismutase and mannitol did not show a significant effect. Nimesulide did not cause any RBC lysis and inhibited this action of tiaprofenic acid by 20-30%, depending on the concentration of nimesulide and the intensity of ultraviolet A light. The protective effect of GSH, but not of BHA, was increased by nimesulide. Our findings suggest that free radicals are generated in this in vitro model of phototoxicity and are involved in the photoaggression to the red blood cell membrane, this effect being partially inhibited by nimesulide.


Unaltered ibuprofen-induced faecal blood loss upon coadministration of moclobemide.

The influence of moclobemide on ibuprofen-induced faecal blood loss was investigated in 24 volunteers. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups and received from day 1 until day 14 either moclobemide 150 mg t.i.d. (group A) or placebo t.i.d. (group B). On days 8-14, when moclobemide concentrations in group A were at steady state, all volunteers additionally received ibuprofen (600 mg t.i.d). From day 15 to 21, all subjects received placebo alone. Faecal blood loss (FBL) was quantified daily by the 51Cr-labelled erythrocyte method. As expected for ibuprofen, a significant increase in FBL during the second week of the study was observed. There was no difference in FBL between the two treatment groups (moclobemide or placebo). Similar FBL values were observed in both groups (group A vs B): during the first week the FBL values were (mean +/- SD) 0.40 +/- 0.23 ml/day vs 0.55 +/- 0.53 ml/day on days 1-3 and 0.40 +/- 0.21 ml/day vs 0.37 +/- 0.13 ml/day on days 4-7. The increase in FBL during the second week was comparable in both groups, with and without moclobemide (days 8-10: 0.78 +/- 0.59 ml/day vs 0.80 +/- 0.58 ml/day; days 11-14: 1.49 +/- 0.95 ml/day vs 1.28 +/- 0.62 ml/day). A decline in FBL was observed during the third week under placebo in both groups, but baseline values were not reached during the observation period. Again there was no difference between the two groups (days 15-17: 0.91 +/- 0.52 ml/day vs 0.92 +/- 0.47 ml/day; days 18-21: 0.74 +/- 0.30 ml/day vs 0.68 +/- 0.48 ml/day). No statistically significant interaction was found between week and type of treatment, indicating that no significant influence of moclobemide on the ibuprofen-induced faecal blood loss occurred. No notable pharmacokinetic interaction between moclobemide and ibuprofen was observed. Moclobemide plasma concentration-time profiles with and without concomitantly administered ibuprofen were superimposable. The results demonstrate that the concomitant administration of ibuprofen and moclobemide to healthy volunteers does not result in a clinically significant interaction, either at the pharmacodynamic (faecal blood loss) or at the pharmacokinetic level.


Effect of anhepatic phase of surgery using veno-venous bypass technique on plasma fentanyl concentration. Report of two cases.

We administered fentanyl continuously and measured its concentration in plasma in two patients undergoing surgery which produced an anhepatic phase using the veno-venous bypass technique; one patient had extracorporal liver resection and the other had venoplasty of the inferior vena cava and the right hepatic vein. The plasma fentanyl concentration increased during the anhepatic phase and decreased in the post-anhepatic phase in both cases. Though fentanyl has a wide safety margin, attention must be paid to such drug characteristics in the management of anaesthesia during the anhepatic phase.


Heart in pituitary diseases.

Of hormones secreted by the pituitary, a direct effect on cardiac metabolism and function is exerted only by growth hormone (GH). Its chronic overproduction in adulthood leads to acromegaly. The main cardiovascular manifestations of acromegaly are hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. The paper summarizes the results of clinical research into the "acromegalic heart" in an internationally unique group of 78 patients with acromegaly on long-term follow-up. Both clinical findings and experimental data available in the literature indicate that cardiac hypertrophy is due to a direct effect of GH on the myocardium. Hypertension occurs in 50% of patients, has the nature of volume hypertension and exerts only an additive effect on the development of left ventricular hypertrophy. Once GH overproduction has been eliminated, cardiac hypertrophy and hypertension can be reversed to a certain stage, a finding highlighting the necessity of instituting treatment of acromegaly as early and as vigorous as possible.


Heart in thyroid diseases.

The paper examines the basic pathophysiologic mechanisms playing a role in the development of cardiovascular changes on thyroid hyper- and hypofunction. The haemodynamic changes typically associated with increased and decreased secretion of thyroid hormones are described and compared. Using echocardiography, the haemodynamics changes are documented in 12 patients with hyperthyroidism and 19 patients with myxoedema prior to thyrostatic and substitution therapy. Characteristic findings in florid hyperthyroidism include a significant rise in left ventricular end-diastolic volume as well as increases in stroke volume (SV) and cardiac index (CI). Mean velocity of circumferential fibre shortening (mVCF) is also significantly increased. Left ventricular myocardial weight shows a tendency towards an increase. Hypothyreosis is primarily associated with decreases in SV and CI; mVCF also declines. The paper underlines the importance of causative therapy as the above haemodynamics changes are fully reversible on attaining normal thyroid function.


Heart in adrenal diseases.

The paper reviews the hitherto rather scarce literature concerned with cardiac changes in phaeochromocytoma, primary hyperaldosteronism and Cushing syndrome, and presents the authors' own echocardiographic findings in these diseases. In phaeochromocytoma they found a slight thickening of the interventricular septum which, however, did not fulfil the criteria of asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy. Also other parameters showed higher values attesting to an increased left ventricular mass, however, without exceeding normal limits. Focal disturbances of left ventricular kinetics and the decrease in LV systolic function were non significant. The picture of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, frequently mentioned in the literature, was observed only once, giving grounds to the suspicion that it is only a nonspecific manifestation of the hypercontractile state of the myocardium. In primary hyperaldosteronism only slight posterior LV wall thickening and an increase in the LV mass index were found, compared to control group. No significant changes were found in Cushing syndrome besides a tendency to concentric LV hypertrophy. Echocardiographic changes observed in all three affections disappeared after successful surgical or drug treatment.


Left main coronary artery stenosis.

Between 1 January, 1989, and 28 April, 1990, a total of 888 selective coronary arteriographies were performed at the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine in Prague. Of that number, 58 findings were assessed as at least 50% stenosis of the left main coronary artery (LCA). Having applied exclusion criteria, 50 patients (i.e., 5.63% of all those examined) were entered into a retrospective study. They were 45 men (90.0%) and 5 women (10.0%) with significant cumulation of risk factors for IHD; more than half on them had a history of coronary event. The patients had marked symptomatology--NYHA Class III and higher angina pectoris was present in 96%, a low tolerance of exercise was found in 26 patients undergoing ergometry (average workload of 13 kJ and heart rate of 111/min); exercise testing was invariably evaluated as positive. Coronary angiography regularly revealed multiple coronary artery lesions; the right coronary artery was also involved in 90%; a collateral circulation was present in as little as 34%. The localization of coronary stenoses and the mostly preserved left ventricular mechanical function allowed operative management of IHD in 84% of cases. In the group of patients undergoing surgery, hospital mortality was 4.8%. On long-term follow-up (mean 6.2 months) of the group of patients operated on, 59.9% were free of problem, 31% had NYHA Class II angina pectoris, and there was no improvement at all in one patient only (2.4%). In the group provided conservative therapy (not operated on primarily for severe left ventricular dysfunction), one patient died of recurrent myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock, 2 have NYHA Class IV angina pectoris, and the remaining subjects continue experiencing NYHA Class III problems.


Sick sinus syndrome: strategies for reducing mortality.

The evolution of sick sinus syndrome is slow, and its clinical and electrocardiographic manifestations are intermittent. A-V and I-V conduction disturbances often arise, but incidence of defects with clinical consequences is too low. Death rate, when large groups are considered, is slightly higher than that of the general population of the same age and with similar pathologies. Mortality depends on concomitant pathologies, on the development of congestive heart failure, on the arterial thromboembolism and on the type of sinus disease. The use of ventricular pacemakers (VVI) did not reduce mortality. Atrial pacing (AAI) gives the auricles electrical stability preventing fibrillation and systemic embolism. The hemodynamic role of the auricles is also preserved. As a consequence, death rate is reduced when AAI is used. In cases with a-v conduction disturbances or with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, dual chamber pacing (DDD) is preferable because it permits ventricular pacing to be continued even if a-v block or paroxysmal or chronic atrial fibrillation appears. When using ventricular pacing and in cases in which pacing is not considered, warfarin or aspirin can prevent strokes and systemic embolism. In bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome requiring treatment of arrhythmias dual chamber pacemaker must be implanted.


Congenital pulmonary arteriovenous aneurysms.

The authors analyse their diagnostic and therapeutic experience with 26 patients suffering from congenital pulmonary arteriovenous aneurysms. Symptoms of the disease were found to depend directly on the presence and volume of arterial blood shunted into the venous bed. The volume of shunted nonoxygenated blood varied between 20 and 48 p.c.; the reflux caused hypoxic hypoxaemia with HbO2art. = 91.2 +/- 1.43%; pO2art. = 63.6 +/- 5.54 mmHg. Aimed tomography and pulmonary angiography proved most advantageous in terms of diagnostic; with their aid it was possible to identify three variants of congenital pulmonary arteriovenous aneurysm: isolated, multiple and "of the capillary haemangioma type".


Heart adrenoreactivity during acute haemic hypoxia.

The influence of acute haemic hypoxia of mild and moderate degree, produced by subcutaneous administration of sodium nitrite (25-30 or 50 mg/kg) supporting the blood haemoglobin production, on heart adrenoreactivity was studied in experimental rats. An intensified sympathoadrenal activity was detected, that manifested itself by a marked increase in adrenaline content in the hypothalamus, brain stem and heart. In analogous experiments performed in dogs, with increasing severity of hypoxia a decrease in arterial pressure and left ventricular pressure, increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and an impairment of myocardial contractile function were observed. Administration of adrenergic substances intensified the effector reaction in the heart. According to the authors' conclusions, experimental, hypoxia of the given model calls forth intensification of heart adrenoreactivity in warm-blood animals.


Adenosine's role in the genesis of bradyarrhythmias induced by acute myocardial hypoxia.

A close or even causal relation between myocardial adenosine and bradyarrhythmias during acute myocardial hypoxia was testified in guinea pig, rabbit and dog mainly by using specific competitive antagonist and synchronous quantitative analysis of 3 variables: intensity of myocardial hypoxia, degree of endogenous adenosine increment and severity of bradyarrhythmias. Results disclosed: A) striking resemblance of the bradyarrhythmias with hypoxic origin to those caused by exogenous adenosine, B) same locality of A-V conduction block induced by both myocardial hypoxia and exogenous adenosine, C) precise parallelism among the above-listed 3 variables with very high correlativity (r = 0.99, P < 0.01), D) frequent accompaniment of reversal of hypoxic bradyarrhythmias through resupply of 21% O2 with normalization of preexisted increase in myocardial adenosine, E) satisfactory blockade of hypoxic bradyarrhythmias by adenosine's specific antagonist--aminophylline and their augmentation by adenosine's uptake inhibitor--dipyridamole, F) close similarity of the characteristic curve representing relation among the above 3 variables to that among intensity of myocardial hypoxia, degree of endogenous adenosine increment and amount of coronary blood flow in which adenosine's role as a mediator has been well documented and G) reproducible persistence of bradyarrhythmias during myocardial hypoxia irrespective of preliminary vagotomy and atropinization, denoting independence of the occurrence of such dysarrhythmias upon vagal drive, suggestive of a mechanism other than vagotonia. We advocated that hypoxia-induced bradyarrhythmias was caused by increment in endogenous adenosine.


Longitudinal effect of captopril on aortic and arteriolar development in normotensive rats.

To explore the effect of chronic converting enzyme inhibition on the macro- and microcirculation, normotensive rats were chronically given 100 mg/kg/day of captopril in their drinking water beginning one day before uninephrectomy. Cremaster arteriolar dimensions were measured 2, 4, or 8 weeks later by intravital microscopy, before and after topical application of 10(-3) M adenosine. Mean blood pressure were significantly decreased at 4 (17%) and 8 (18%) weeks in treated rats vs age-matched control. Structural diameter reductions occurred in large arterioles starting 4 weeks in treated rats, and in small arterioles at 8 weeks. The cross-sectional wall area of large arterioles increased with age in control animal, but not in captopril treated one. Eight weeks of captopril treatment also decreased the cross-sectional wall area in small arterioles. Measured by stereological techniques, small arteriolar density decreased 17% at 4 weeks and 13% at 8 weeks in treated rats. Using histological techniques, a marked reduction of medial-intimal area of the abdominal aorta was found in treated rats at 4 (24%) and 8 (15%) weeks without a significant change in internal diameter.


Detection of antigens associated with lung carcinoma in sera by monoclonal antibodies WLA-2C4 and CL-3.

The levels of tumor-associated antigens (TAAS) corresponded to monoclonal antibodies WLA-2C4 and CL-3 in sera of 57 lung cancer patients, 100 healthy adults and 50 non-tumor disease patients were assayed with SABC-ELISA of immunobinding inhibition test. The threshold values of WLA-2C4 and CL-3 (RBI) were 12% and 36%, respectively. The positive results of lung carcinomas with at least one of the two TAAS were as follows: squamous cell carcinoma 89%; adenocarcinoma 83%; small cell carcinoma 67% and their mean positive rate was 79%. Whereas the positive rate in healthy adults and non-tumor disease patients was only 6%. These results indicate that using monoclonal antibodies WLA-2C4 and CL-3 simultaneously may be helpful to the serological diagnosis of lung carcinoma.


Antitumor activity of psoralen on mucoepidermoid carcinoma cell line MEC-1.

Psoralen (PSO) was found cytotoxic against in vitro cultured human mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells of MEC-1 cell line. Its IC50 value was 8.6 micrograms/ml, and relative antitumor activity (RAA) 15. PSO suppressed DNA synthesis, damaged microvilli and cell membrane, and induced degeneration of mitochondria. It inhibited the growth of MEC-1 cells transplanted in nude mice by 79.1% which was as strong as pingyanmycin (PYM 81.4%). The body weight loss of PSO treated tumor-bearing mice was 5%, whereas that of PYM treated ones 13.3% (P < 0.01). PSO may be an effective agent for the treatment of human mucoepidermoid carcinoma.


Effect of hamster liver passage on the isoenzyme patterns of Entamoeba histolytica.

The effect of hamster liver passage on the isoenzyme patterns of isolates of Entamoeba histolytica was investigated. Three isolates, F, G and T were originally obtained from patients with acute amebic dysentery and another strain, C, was obtained from an asymptomatic carrier. All these strains were maintained for over two years in axenic culture. The isoenzyme pattern (zymodeme) of hexokinase (HK), phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and glucose phosphoisomerase (GPI) of these strains was found to belong to non-pathogenic group X, but the isoenzyme pattern of GPI resembled less pathogenic zymodeme XX and might be an intermediate type. Following inoculation of trophozoites into hamster livers and recovery after abscess formation, their isoenzyme pattern changed and revealed that they belonged to pathogenic type XIV. Liver passage caused an enhancement in amebic virulence as evidenced by their increased ability to destroy leukocytes. The results indicate that isoenzyme pattern is not a stable property of E. histolytica.


Ultrastructural study of cerebral arteries in Moyamoya disease.

The cerebral arteries in seven cases of Moyamoya disease, demonstrated by angiography were observed by light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. In two cases, the lumen of the terminal portion of the internal carotid artery was completely occluded by proliferated connective tissue. The characteristic pathologic change was extensive destruction of the smooth muscle cells and the elastica interna. Degeneration and necrosis of smooth muscle cells were obvious in the media. Many condensed organelles and other elements of cellular destruction were dispersed throughout the interstitium. The media was thinned. The proliferated smooth muscle cells in the intima showed the same destructive changes as in the media. The elastica interna was excessively infolded and was thickened or thinned, disrupted or disintegrated in some segments. Identical, but less severe and more localized changes were seen in three middle cerebral arteries (M2 and M5 segments) and two collateral arteries at the base of brain. These changes suggest that Moyamoya disease is a progressive disorder characterized by repeated destruction of smooth muscle cells occurRing over a long time period. The pathogenesis of these changes is discussed.


Prospective double-blind study of CEE3 in peri- and postmenopausal women: effects on bone loss and lipoprotein lipids.

A prospective double-blind study was carried out in 136 women 0.5 to 21 years since menopause (YSM) in order to demonstrate the effects of a long-acting estriol derivative-Nylestriol (CEE3) on bone loss and lipoprotein lipids. They were orally administered at 2 mg of CEE3 or placebo every 2 weeks. Among 90 subjects who finished 1 year of medication, 49 received CEE3 and 41 placebo. The results were: 1. Serum ALP, Ca/Cr and Hop/Cr in fasting urine decreased in 3 months (P < 0.05); 2. Menopause-related reduction of forearm bone density was restrained; 3. LDL-C decreased in 3 months and HDL-C increased in 6 months (P < 0.05), with no significant changes in TC and TG; 4. Side effects were mild. 1/3 of those with intact uterus had spotting and another 1/3 had moderate withdrawal bleeding after the addition of medroxyprogesterone acetate at the end of 12 months of CEE3 therapy. This study demonstrates that CEE3 is effective and acceptable for preventing osteoporosis and lipoprotein lipids disorder in postmenopausal women. Long-term application awaits further studies.


Percutaneous debridement of complex pyogenic liver abscesses.

The author's approach and technique in the treatment of complex liver abscesses that persisted or recurred following percutaneous drainage are described. Six patients were treated by percutaneous debridement using an instrument specially designed for that purpose. Four patients were chronically ill but stable, while the other two were septic, hypotensive and considered to be life threatened. All patients had primary pyogenic abscesses. Four had demonstrated mixed bacterial flora consisting of E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus and gram-positive cocci and two were caused by E. coli only. Contrast enhanced CT of the abdomen in all cases revealed multiloculated or septated abscesses containing large central debris and peripheral shell or halo of compromised hepatic parenchyma. Debridement was successful in all cases, resulting in complete healing within 12 days. Follow-up for 1-4.5 years revealed no recurrences. Three cases of infected tumors of the liver were referred for treatment. CT findings in these cases demonstrated a well developed external capsule and internal septations, and the absence of a surrounding halo of compromised parenchyma distinguishes them from primary abscesses. This preliminary experience makes the authors to conclude that percutaneous debridement of pyogenic liver abscesses is a safe and curative procedure in selected cases of life-threatening chronic liver abscesses.


Endoscopic management for traumatic occlusion of posterior urethra.

When traumatic posterior urethral transection occurs with serious pelvic fracture, the patient is usually under severe hemorrhagic shock and multiple injuries. It is of prime importance to treat shock and the associated injuries promptly. As for the urethral disruption a simple suprapubic cystostomy at the moment is preferred. Occlusion of the posterior urethra would eventually appear and can be managed endoscopically 3-6 months later. Fifteen such cases were thus managed from 1984 to 1990 with an improved endoscopic technique with a success rate of 93.3% (14/15). The advantages of this technique and the merits and demerits of various primary urethral reconstruction procedures are discussed.


Effects of discectomy on the stress distribution in the lumbar spine.

The change of the stress distribution of the lumbar spine after discectomy was analysed by the three-dimensional finite element method. It was shown that the stress level in the posterior element was higher, but that in the anterior element was lower than before disc excision. The most significant change of the stress distribution was found in the trabecular bone of the vertebral body. It is considered that in discectomy the normal disc tissue should be preserved as much as possible to maintain good function of the spine.


Comparison of two pain rating scales among Chinese cancer patients.

The Simple Descriptive Scale (SDS) has been known to be easier to use, but lacks sensitivity when compared to the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). In this study, 79 cancer patients quantified the intensity of their pain experience on both the VAS and SDS before receiving pain therapy and on the fifth day after commencing the therapy. High correlations were observed between the two scales in age, sex and types of analgesics. The results demonstrate that the SDS provides a simpler and, perhaps, equally sensitive alternative to the VAS, in measurement of cancer pain among Chinese patients. It would be particularly useful for those with language barriers and/or other factors in understanding the requirements or the VAS.


Hemodynamic effects and the effective treatment of naloxone on experimental acute pancreatitis in dogs.

Dog model of acute pancreatitis, induced by intrapancreatoductal injection of fresh trypsin-bile mixture, was used to investigate the effects of naloxone on hemodynamic changes in acute pancreatitis. In the control group, acute pancreatitis was induced and characterized hemodynamically by the decrease in maximum positive and negative dP/dt (+/- dP/dtmax), cardiac output (CO) and cardiac index (CI), and increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and systemic vascular resistance (SVP), as well as early reduction of pancreatic blood flow (PBF). In the naloxone treated group, naloxone was given intravenously 10 minutes after the induction of acute pancreatitis (80 micrograms/kg as a bolus + 80 micrograms/kg/h for 3 hours). It was found that naloxone significantly increased PBF and the +/- dP/dtmax effectively prevented the significant decrease in CO, CI and increase in PVR, SVR observed in untreated acute pancreatitis; and significantly reduced the severity of pancreatitis, as assessed by both histological staging and mortality rate. These results suggest that naloxone appears to limit the progression from edematous to hemorrhagic pancreatitis through preserving PBF and improving systemic hemodynamics at the early phase of acute pancreatitis; hence the hypothesis that endogenous opioid peptides may play a role in the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis.


[Exposure level of N-nitrosamines in the gastric juice and its inhibition by vitamin C in high risk areas of esophageal cancer].

A total of 391 gastric juice samples was collected from Ji Yuan and An Shi counties, high and medium risk areas of esophageal carcinoma in Henan province. NDMA, NDEA, NMBzA, NPip and unknown compounds were assayed in the fasting gastric juice. Among these nitrosamines, NMBzA, NPyr and NPip were specific in inducing esophageal cancer in animals. The amount of nitrosamines in the gastric juice collected from Ji Yuan county was higher than that from An Shi county. The exposure level of nitrosamines of subjects from these two localities were significantly different (P < 0.001). There was a positive relationship between the nitrosamines exposure level and esophageal cancer mortality rate. The amount of gastric N-nitrosamines from An Shi subjects as treated with vitamin C was reduced. It is evident that vitamin C can inhibit N-nitrosamine formation in the stomach, thereby, reducing the N-nitrosamines exposure level.


[Esophageal cancer in rhesus monkeys from the Taihang Mountain area. A preliminary report].

124 Rhesus monkeys (Macaca Mulatta) were caught in the Taihang Mountain region, a high incidence area of human esophageal cancer in Northern China, in January 1989. Among them, two monkeys died of esophageal carcinoma in 1990. Case 1, a male monkey about 6.5 years old and weighing 14.5 kg, had symptoms of salivation, vomiting and dysphagia in February 1990. The symptoms became gradually more serious and died in March 1990. Postmortem examination revealed a huge tumor in the distal segment of esophagus, causing severe stricture of the organ. The tumor was classified as medullary type and histopathologically diagnosed as a well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, with metastases to mediastinum and lymph nodes of right gastric group. Case 2, a female monkey about 11-year-old and weighing 10.0 kg, showed loss of appetite, tiredness, somnolence, coughing and vomiting in September and died in December 1990. Autopsy revealed an annular tumor involving the whole circumference of lower portion of the esophagus. The tumor was of ulcerative type and diagnosed as a well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. The symptoms and pathological changes of the two monkeys showed high similarity to esophageal cancer in humans. We believe that the present findings would provide important leads for further study to clarify the etiology and pathogenesis of human esophageal cancer in this high incidence area of esophageal cancer.


[Minimum residual leukemic cells in genetically marked brown Norway rat myelocytic leukemia model].

Different methods were used to detect minimal residual leukemic cells (LT 12 nl), which had been genetically marked with E. coli 1 acZ and neo-gene by retrovirus vector mediated gene transfer. The detection levels of flow cytometry based FDG staining and fluorophotometric method based MUG staining were 10(-3) to 10(-4) and 10(-2) to 10(-3), respectively. The method of G 418 selective agar culture was demonstrated as a 10(-4) to 10(-5) levels for the detection of LT 12 nl residual leukemic cells in bone marrow. The results indicated that the selective agar culture can be used as a sensitive method for the study of minimum residual disease in the BNML leukemia model. We have used the selective agar culture to study the distribution of clonal LT 12 nl cells in BNML during minimum residual disease (MRD). A heterogenous distribution pattern of the clonal leukemic cells was found in the genetically marked BNML leukemia model during the MRD phase.


[Effects of parenteral nutrition on cell cycle kinetics in gastric cancer patients].

Studies were made on tumor growth changes by 1-week supplementary parenteral nutrition in undernourished advanced gastric cancer patients. Biopsy of the normal mucosa and cancerous tissue were taken through endoscope before and one week after parenteral nutrition and at the time of operation. Percentage of cells in various phases were analyzed by flow cytometry. The frequency of S and proliferative phases were markedly increased (P < 0.05) in cancerous tissue but not in the normal mucosa. These results demonstrate that a stimulating effect may be present in tumor cell kinetics and hence, the use of a cycle-specific chemotherapeutic agent is indicated.


[Relationship between Langerhans cells and prognosis of patients with gastric carcinoma].

Langerhans cells (LCs) in 73 cases of gastric carcinomas (GC) were quantitatively investigated by ABC immunohistochemical method using anti-S-100 protein antibody. The mean density of LCs (cell numbers/mm2) infiltrating the carcinomas showed an intimate relationship with the prognosis (P < 0.01) and the status of lymph node (LN) metastasis (P < 0.05). The density of LCs in patients without LN metastasis was significantly higher than that with LN metastasis. In 73 cases of GC, there were 35 cases of LCs(+) and 38 of LCs(++) groups. The mean survival times were 29.81 months in the former and 52.21 months in the latter. A significant relationship (P < 0.05) between the survival and degree of the density of LCs was showed by Student's t test and life table method. There were no correlation among the density of LCs and gross appearance, depth of invasion, histologic type and patients' sex. The fact indicated that LCs may play an important role in immunological defense mechanisms of host against the tumor. Patients with dense infiltration of LCs survived longer and showed less LN metastasis than those without such an infiltration. It is considered that measurement of LCs in specimens of GC may be taken as one of criteria of prognosis.


[Intracellular bile acid activities in colon cancer and normal colon mucosa].

Bile acids are thought to be involved in the etiology and development of colo-rectal cancers. In this study, the intracellular bile acid activities both in colo-rectal cancers and normal colo-rectal mucosa in 12 patients were measured with a new bile acid ion selective microelectrodes. The results demonstrated that bile acid activities of colo-rectal mucosa cells were 5.0 +/- 3.7 x 10(-5) mol/L and those in colo-rectal cancer cells were 17.6 +/- 9.6 x 10(-5) mol/L, which is three times as high. This demonstrates that bile acids are closely related to the development of colo-rectal cancers. The intracellular bile acid activities remain stationary with age and sex.


[Clinico-pathologic studies on 143 cases of tonsillar malignancies with special reference to lymphomas].

143 cases of tonsillar malignancies consulted or treated in our hospital during the past 33 years (1958-1991) were studied morphologically and histochemically. There were 126 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), 14 squamous cell carcinomas and one each of mucoepidermoid carcinoma, malignant melanoma and histiocytic lymphoma. The results showed that: 1. The ratio of peripheral T-cell and B-cell lymphoma was high (2.08:1), of which the reason is unexplained, 2. Many tonsillar NHLs had been misdiagnosed as undifferentiated carcinomas, poorly differentiated carcinomas or reticular cell sarcomas in the past, and 3. Most of the B-cell lymphomas belong to the high grade malignant large cell lymphomas, like the large non-cleaved and immunoblastic type. These findings are different from what is generally believed and known.


[Study on prophylactic hypoxyradiotherapy to whole abdomen and pelvis].

In cancer radiotherapy, an enormous radical dose may be necessary. However, it is sometimes limited by the tolerance of the surrounding normal tissues. Transient systemic hypoxia induced by breathing 10.5% oxygen gas during radiotherapy may protect the normal tissues. In the prophylactic irradiation to the whole abdomen and pelvis for the NHL or ovarian cancer, clinical radiation responses were distinctly mild and occurred later in the hypoxyradiotherapy group. Micronucleus frequency of the peripheral lymphocytes was taken as the criterion in estimating the radiation effect. A radioprotective factor (RPF) of 1.52 was obtained.


[Diagnosis and surgical treatment of 103 early cases of cancer of the esophagus and gastric cardia].

From April 1986 to February 1992, 103 cases of early cancer of esophagus and gastric cardia were detected by the occult blood detector and fiberoptic gastroscope in Yangzhong County, Jiangsu province, a high incidence region of these cancers. All cases were confirmed by operation and pathology. Fourty-seven had cancer of the esophagus and the rest cancer of the gastric cardia which accounted for 17.1% (103/604) of the surgically treated cases in the same period. The authors believe that most patients with early lesions of these cancers are not asymptomatic. Periodic screening of the general population in the high risk area by the occult blood detector is indicated not only for the people themselves but also for improvement of the medical works as well.


[Primary chondrosarcoma of the lung].

Five cases of primary chondrosarcoma, a rare tumor of the lung, are reported. The diagnosis should be made by pathology. Some conditions should be ruled out: 1. tumor from the chest wall, 2. chondrosarcoma of bone discovered after operation, 3. ovarian teratoma found prior to operation, 4. patient with history of hamartoma of the lung, and 5. atypical pathology. Pathologic subtyping is not prognostic. The main cause of death was intralobar spread. It never gives rise to extrathoracic metastasis and should be treated by surgery.


[Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin (Merkel cell tumor)].

Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin (Merkel cell tumor), a rare malignancy originating from the skin, has only been established in the recent years. It has a main predilection on the skin in the head and neck region with an obvious tendency of local recurrence and early metastasis. Histopathologically, it resembles the neuroendocrine carcinoma from other sites of the body in morphology, immunohistochemistry and ultrastructure. Diagnosis of this tumor is quite difficult. Based upon two of our cases as verified by electron microscopy and/or immunohistochemistry, the clinical and pathological features of this tumor are described and the literature reviewed.


[Microwave treatment of 20 patients with oral cancers].

Twenty patients with oral cancers were treated by microwave alone from October 1989 to December 1990. There were: 7 cancer of floor of mouth and 13 cancer of the tongue. After treatment, pathology all turned negative. The patients were followed up for 9 to 24 months with all the primary lesions controlled. The functions and cosmetic results were perfect. Complications included edema of local tissue and bleeding. To prevent bleeding after microwave treatment, ligation of the ipsilateral external carotid artery should be done. To prevent dyspnea, tracheostomy should be done in patients with cancer of the root of tongue. Effect of microwave coagulation is best achieved by the interstitial technique. For lymph node metastasis, radical neck dissection should be done after the edema of the primary lesion subsides.


[Clinical trial of China-made carboplatin in advanced ovarian cancer--an analysis of 53 cases].

Fifty three patients with evaluatable ovarian cancer were conducted a clinical trial of a new antineoplastic drug, carboplatin (cp) made in China. Apart from 1 case of stage Ic and 3 cases of stage II, all the remainders had advanced disease including stage III, IV or recurrences, and mainly consisting of epithelial carcinoma (44 cases). Thirty two patients were treated with single cp at the dose of 260-410 mg/m2 and twenty one were treated with combination chemotherapy of cp at a dose of 180-350 mg/m2 plus adriamycin and cyclophosphamide by intravenous infusion without hydration, repeated every 4 weeks, 2-4 courses. The response rate was 56% (18/32) and 48% (10/21), respectively. There were obviously different response rates in patients with previous chemotherapy (25% and 23% in cp single and combination chemotherapy groups) and without chemotherapy (67% and 88% in single and combination groups). It showed that cp was effective in treatment of ovarian cancers with advantages that gastrointestinal reaction was less severe in cp group than in the group using drugs including cis-platin, and no renal toxicity. However, cp showed more marked myelosuppression and hepatic injury in small number of the patients.


[Clinical application of radiofrequency ablation].

I. Radiofrequency ablation of atrioventricular accessory pathway in patients with WPW syndrome: Seventeen accessory pathways in 15 patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) were ablated with radiofrequency current. There were 15 accessory pathways located on the left side of the heart (12 left free wall, 1 posterioseptal, 1 posteriolateral and 1 midseptal) and 2 pathways on the right side (1 right free wall, 1 anterioseptal). 16 accessory pathways (94.1%) in 14 patients were permanently abolished. Plasma CK-Mb, SGOT and LDH increased moderately in 7 cases (46.7%) and decreased to normal level in 3-4 days. catheter ablation of accessory pathways with radiofrequency current is a safe and effective therapeutic method for patients with refractory tachycardias mediated by these pathways. II. Radiofrequency ablation of slow pathways to cure AV nodal reentrant tachycardia: Radiofrequency energy was used to selectively ablate the slow pathways in 8 patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. The slow pathways in all 8 cases were ablated successfully and no episodes of tachycardia could be induced. The A-H, H-V interval and P-R interval of ECG did not change significantly. The Wenckebach points of atrioventricular node remained unchanged. The effective refractory periods of the fast pathways were shortened in 3 and prolonged in 5 cases after the procedure. There were no severe complications. No tachycardia recurred during the follow-up period between 2 weeks and 7 months.


[Radiofrequency ablation of left-sided atrioventricular accessory tract to treat supraventricular tachycardia].

Eleven procedures of radiofrequency catheter ablation of left-sided atrioventricular accessory tract were performed in 10 patients with atrioventricular reentry tachycardia aged 13-57 (32.7 +/- 13.2) years old. 10 patients, 9 with overt preexcitation syndrome and 1 with concealed bypath tract, had paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia refractory to drugs for 1-31 (7.8 +/- 9.8) years. The ablation was succeeded in 9 cases (90%). The accurate localization of the accessory tract and the operating skill of ablation electrode were the key factors of success in ablation and reducing exposure to x-ray.


[Preliminary experience in radiofrequency ablation of left-side atrioventricular accessory reentrant tachycardia].

Left side atrioventricular accessory reentrant tachycardias (AVRT) were ablated in 25 cases. The pathways were 5 (20%), 15 (60%) and 5 (20%) in left anterior, lateral and posterior wall respectively. Accessory pathway potentials (AP) were recorded in 16 (64.0%) cases. Most APs were recorded on the anterior side of the earliest atrium activation (EAA). The atrial side of accessory pathway is anterior to the ventricular side. The V and A wave were almost confused on the local area of successful ablating, and the average VA time is 35.5 +/- 7.8 ms, and in those cases whose VA time was less than 30 ms was 48%. The power of successful ablating is 36.9 +/- 6.0 W, the current is 0.58 +/- 0.1 A, impedance is 110.3 +/- 11.9 omega. The area of accessory pathway could be detected accurately through the findings of AP and EAA.


[Transcoronary chemical ablation of ventricular tachycardia after mapping of the arterial blood supply to the arrhythmogenic area (report of 2 cases)].

Transcoronary chemical ablation of ventricular tachycardia was performed in 2 patients with refractory ventricular tachycardia in Fu Wai Hospital. The procedures were successful. 1.5 ml sterilized ethanol (95%) was given to 1 patient and 0.8 ml to the other. The 2 patients were cured and no arrhythmia was found during 32-months and 4-months follow-up period respectively. One patient developed a limited inferior wall myocardial infarction after 1.5 ml ethanol. No other complications were observed. We found that after careful transcoronary mapping with saline and antiarrhythmic drugs, chemical ablation could prevent further episodes of the arrhythmia in selected high risk patients.


[Local features of electrophysiologic and epicardial mapping of posterior septal accessory pathways in patients with surgically corrected preexcitation syndrome].

Posterior septal accessory pathways were documented in 6 patients with preexcitation syndrome who underwent detailed electrophysiologic evaluation and epicardial mapping. All 6 patients were cured by surgical ablation of accessory atrioventricular pathway. After follow-up of 9 months on average, 6 patients remain cured. No patient had recurrent supraventricular tachycardia and none had persistent atrioventricular conduction disturbance. The results of electrophysiologic study and epicardial mapping showed local characteristics of posterior septal accessory pathways. Accurate localization of posterior septal accessory pathways is very important in raising the rate of success in operation.


[Surgical treatment of abnormal myocardial bundle in the right ventricle].

Thirteen cases of the anomalous right ventricle muscle bundle diagnosed during operation were reported. This is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly. It may be associated with other congenital anomalies, most commonly with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis but may also be isolated lesions. It exhibits no typical clinical findings. The preoperative misdiagnostic rate was high. Emphasis was on its intracardiac anomaly, some recognizable signs and anatomic relation during the operation.


[Analysis of familial aggregation of serum lipids].

Twin model was studied to explain the familial aggregation of serum lipids by correlation analysis between different kinds of relatives. The phenomenon of familial aggregation was shown existing in the findings of serum cholesterol, HDL-Ch and LDL-Ch. Both effects from genetic and environmental factors were found. It is likely that there was maternal effects on cholesterol and LDL-Ch levels. The familial aggregation for TG was not very clear shown in this paper. Further study on genetic epidemiology of serum lipids is expected.


[A study of immunocompetence of peptide hormones in human pericardium].

With RIA/HPLC and immunohistochemistry, the presence of angiotensin(A) and atrial natriuretic factor-like materials (ANF-LMs) was demonstrated in the pericardium of human and rats; the distributions of AII and ANF-LMs were found to be identical; AI was more than AII; renin activity was detected in the pericardium. There were three molecular forms of ANF-LMs in the pericardium. Mesothelial cells were the principal endocrine-secreting cells. AII and ANF-LMs of the pericardium were significantly increased in rheumatic heart disease. There were no correlations between plasma AII, ANF, urine AII, ANF and pericardial AII, ANF (P > 0.05). The data reported showed that the pericardium may have endocrine function under normal and abnormal conditions (heart failure) of the heart, in addition to its known mechanical properties.


[Protective effects of gradual restoring of calcium on working rat hearts with ischemia-reperfusion injury].

The effects of gradually restoring calcium concentration in initiating reperfusion on cardiac function, coronary blood flow and myocardial calcium content during reperfusion following global ischemia have been observed in isolated working rat hearts. The results showed that gradually restoring calcium reperfusion facilitated the recovery of the contracting relaxing and pump functions as well as coronary blood flow, and decreased the occurrence of arrhythmias during reperfusion and myocardial calcium content after reperfusion. The mechanism of the protective effect of gradual calcium restoration on the hearts was probably due to the inhibition of calcium overload in cardiac cells. However high calcium reperfusion deteriorated cardiac function.


[Colonization with group B streptococcus in pregnant women taken into the care of unit K and hospitalized in the department of obstetric pathology].

Colonization with group B streptococci (GBS) in 714 pregnant women was investigated. Among 232 were hospitalised in department of pathological pregnancy and 512 were under ambulatory control. In 13.4% of hospitalised patients and 2.8% healthy pregnant women the colonization of vagina or throat with GBS was stated. The greatest percentage of vagina colonization was found in patients hospitalised in connection with gestosis or because of abortions, premature delivery and inanimate fetus. No correlation was found between range of GBS colonization and trimester of pregnancy. Almost all GBS strains proved to be susceptible for commonly used antibiotics but resistant to biseptol (88.2%). Patients of hospitalised group were more often colonized not only GBS but also other potentially pathogenic microorganisms.


[Behavior of SCC marker level in cervix erosion, cervix dysplasia and cervical pre-invasive carcinoma].

The work presents the results of studies on the behaviour of SCC antigen in 52 patients aged 21-70 years, with pathologic changes involving the uterine cervix and classified to the groups of erosion, dysplasia and carcinoma in different stage of advancement. The SCC antigen was determined in patients blood sera by radioimmunologic method, on the basis of Abbott Firm testes. An increase in concentration was observed exceed the norm (2 ng/ml) in cases of CIN and CIS. The rise of marker depended on the stage of the neoplastic process advancement in the uterine cervix.


[Plasma fibrinolytic activity after gynecologic surgery].

Fibrinolytic activity and fibrinolytic potential has been estimated in women submitted of gynecologic operations. Results was referred to age, extension of the operation and character of illness. Elevation of fibrinolytic activity immediately after operation and fibrinolytic potential five days later have been stated.


[Prostaglandins PGF2alpha in the fight against bleeding and hemorrhage the uterus during the climacteric period].

This article is about usage prostaglandins to fight against bleeding and haemorrhage from uterus in climacteric period. Prostaglandins are used widely by gynecologist and obstetrics as most powerful contracting drugs, namely in this situations when we observe returning, plentiful bleeding from uterus. Women with climacteric bleeding had administer prostaglandins intravenous or immediate intra-cervix. They are very good drug, strongly and a long time hold up bleeding. This method give us time to better preparing patients to operation and diminish losses of blood. Side effects are small and not trouble. Prostaglandins are very simply in usage and characterise very good haemostatic effect, recognised faster then in typical methods like hormonal, mechanical antifibrinolytic etc.


[Cystectomy accompanied by immediate examination as the preferred method of treating fibrocystic breast disease].

Dysplasia benigna is the most often diagnosed women's breast disease. Among the 388 cysts operated patterns being presented at this work, 22 cases were considered to be the breast cancer by the emergent examination. The chosen therapy was cystectomy accompanied by the immediate examination. This seems to be the most certain therapeutic advance.


[The value of combined examinations (ultrasonography, mammography and fine needle biopsy) in the diagnosis of breast diseases].

576 women have been examined towards breast lesions since 1987. Ultrasonography, mammography and fine needle biopsy were done in 353 patients. 63 women were advise to undergo surgery. The rest women were followed-up every 3-4 month. Combined methods comprising ultrasonography, mammography and fine needle biopsy were consistent with the histological assessment of the material taken during the surgery.


[The significance of colposcopy in surgical gynecologic emergent situations].

There has been described the case of coexistence of ruptured extra-uterine cysts and cancer of cervix uteri diagnosed by preliminary colposcopic examination confirmed by cytology and the directed biopsy specimen what enabled simultaneous surgical treatment. The presented paper is sufficient example that the colposcopy protects a woman requiring surgical treatment caused by the emergent gynecologic reasons from further surgical interventions in cases of simultaneous malignant changes of cervix uteri.


[Clinical study on the contraceptive effectiveness of trisiston from the Jenapharm firm].

Now triphasic contraceptive preparations are used widely. Some news low dose formulations are available on the market, among them Trisiston. The study was conducted to confirm clinically acceptance and effectiveness of Trisiston. There were 437 volunteers mostly multiparous, with a mean age of +/- 25 years who participated in a multi center study. They were taking pills for a 3 to 12 cycles. Cumulatively 4026 cycles were observed. The investigation was conducted according special protocol. At the admission a complete medical history was obtained and a general physical and gynecological examination was performed. All subject were controlled every 3rd month included laboratory tests (blood levels of Hb, WBC, RBC, ESR, carbohydrate metabolism, clotting factors, bilirubin, creatinine, protein, glucose, albumin, LDL, HDL). There was no case of pregnancy. Pearl index = 0. The Trisiston was well tolerated by most of women (80%). Some effects like headache, vertigo, mastalgia, spotting and breakthrough bleeding, loss of libido, premenstrual syndrome were observed in 20% patients, soma of our patients (20%) discontinued contraceptive.


[Prognostic factors in patients with ovarian cancer].

350 patients with ovarian cancer were operated and irradiated postoperatively in the Center of Oncology in Kraków. 5-year survival with no recurrence was 41.7% (I.--77.3%, II.--44.1%, III.--7.7%). Stage, histological grade and residual volume tumor appears to be an important prognostic factors.


[Effect of a mechanical insufficiency of lymph outflow from the uterus on the course of pregnancy in rats under experimental conditions].

For lack of literature data studies of disturbed lymph outflow on pregnancy and foetus development in rats were accomplished. The studies were carried out on matured female inbred Wistar rats. In experimental group a mechanical insufficiency of lymph outflow from pregnant uterus was performed by means of ligature of lymphatics and excision of regional lymph nodes (i.e. lumbar, sacral and renal lymph nodes). The control groups were sham-operated and normal pregnant animals. Surgical procedures were performed at first day of pregnancy (determined by means of spermatozoa presence in vaginal smears). Animal were examined on 7th and 17th day of pregnancy and at delivery. The results from sham-operated group were identical with normal pregnant animals. In experimental group of 17th day of pregnancy was a lower number of foetuses, greater total number of resorption places, lower mean weight of placenta and foetus, higher mean placental-foetal ratio and longer duration of pregnancy compared with control groups. In delivery group it was obtained a lower mean weight of a new-born rat than in control group. The difference between values obtained in experimental group and values obtained in control group had a statistical significance. The estimation of obtained results allowed to draw a conclusion: the mechanical insufficiency of lymph outflow from uterus can has a negative influence for course of pregnancy and development of foetus in rats.


[Induction of labor by using PGE2 and oxytocin in high risk pregnancies].

The study group consisted of 82 primigravid and 55 multiparous women with post term pregnancy, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation, insufficiency of placenta and diabetes mellitus have induced labor. Prepidil (Upjohn) in dosage 0.5 mg was given into uterine cervix of 46 patients (PG group) and oxytocin was infused to 42 patients in dosage ranged from 5 mU/min to 30 mU/min (Ox group). Induction of labor has been considered as successful, if after 12 hours of drug administration, regular contractions of uterus and dilation of cervix more than 3 cm were obtained. Significant improvement of cervix state, measured by Bishop score has been observed only in PG group, even if the induction of labor failed. Similar rates of caesarean sections and the same occurrences of late and variable decelerations have been observed in both study groups. Results obtained in both these groups suggest that induction of labor in such pregnancies after prostaglandins administration is more effective than oxytocin infusion.


[Use of mid-arm and head circumference to estimate gestational age and nutritional status of newborns].

1110 neonates, from 30 to 42 of estimated gestational age (EGA) were measured on the 1st day of life to estimate upper mid-arm circumference (MAC) and head circumference (HC). Individual MAC/HC ratio was calculated. MAC/HC ratio was used to estimate gestational age and nutritional status of the newborns. We proved that MAC/HC ratio increased linearly between 30 and 38 week of pregnancy and it stabilized between 38-42 week. We compared MAC/HC ratio with birth weight, skin fold score, and ponderal index. We concluded that this ratio may be very useful to estimate gestational age and to include the neonates to "the group of risk".


[Immunologic reaction differences of non-histone chromosome proteins (NHCP) in myometrium and leiomyoma of the uterus in women].

Immune sera against non-histone chromosomal proteins (NHCP) of myometrium and leiomyoma were raised in our laboratory in rabbits after injection with purified antigens. (NHCP) were extracted 0.35M NaCl from 6 myometrium and leiomyoma tissue samples. Sera contained precipitating and non-precipitating antibodies reacting in Ouchterlony and ELISA tests with homologous and heterologous antigens. Serum against leiomyoma NHCP reacted higher extinction values with myometrium than with homological antigens. NHCP tissue concentration (mg/g) was higher for myometrium in spite NHCP/DNA ratio bigger for leiomyoma. Above mentioned results indicate antigenicity alterations of leiomyoma tissue when compared to normal myometrium of woman uterus.


[Importance of prolactin level indication in detection of Sheehan syndrome].

Prolactin (PRL) levels were studied in 5 women with Sheehan syndrome before and after metoclopramide (MCP, 10 mg i.v.) and domperidone (MOT, 10 mg i.v.) stimulation. The levels of PRL were measured by RIA method. The obtained results were compared with control group (10 female volunteers). Decreased serum level of PRL was found in 3 women before stimulation in comparison with control group. The highest serum concentration of PRL was found 30 min after MOT and MCP injection. In group of women with Sheehan syndrome the level of PRL was not significantly increased in MCP-test. In MOT-test the level of this hormone did not change. The findings of the present investigation suggest that measurement of PRL serum levels in MOT-test could be of value in early diagnosis of Sheehan syndrome.


[Urinary stress incontinence and equilibrium of the genitourinary tract in village women].

This study was performed in 100 women aged 28 to 60 years, who had 1 to 6 physiological deliveries. The women were divided into two groups: 1) living in cities; 2) living in villages. The number of deliveries, miscarriages, birth weight of fetus and retention of urine were recorded. Bacterial cultures were also performed and the statics of the genitourinary system was investigated. The amount of urinary retention was standardized using a 3 degree scale. It was found that women living in village significantly less frequently demonstrate changes in the statics of the genitourinary system, urinary stress incontinence and retention, as well as infections of the urinary tract.


[A method for demonstrating chromosomes from human sperm and its application].

A cytogenetic technique for analysis of human sperm chromosomes is described in this article. It is based on penetration of hamster oocytes after enzymatic treatment and inhibition of cell division during pronuclei stage. Two different methods of capacitation of sperm, that is necessary for them to penetrate the eggs have been considered. Attention is paid to manipulations and technical difficulties on consecutive steps of realization of this method. This method is applied mainly in analysis of chromosome segregation in males, that are carriers of chromosome aberrations. The possibility of using this method in other clinical cases and basic research has been presented.


[Urinary steroid profiling in postmenopausal women (preliminary notes)].

Urinary steroid profiling by means of Capillary gas chromatography in postmenopausal women was detected. Glass capillary columns, OV-1, were used. Our results show that there is a rise of extraction of etiocholanolone (ET) in case of postmenopausal women in compare with androsterone (AN). The ratio ET/AN confirms the above results.


[Congenital abnormalities of the urinary tract in Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome].

Congenital abnormalities of the urinary tract were diagnosed in 28 per cent of authors' own cases of Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome. Different kinds of abnormalities were discussed and accurate diagnosis of urinary tract abnormalities before planned operation in that group of patients was emphasized.


[A case of early detection of uterine cancer in a program of genital screening of postmenopausal patients by transvaginal ultrasonic scanning].

Transvaginal ultrasound scanning was performed on 59 years old women with postmenopausal bleeding in anamnesis. Endometrial thickness was measured at its maximum in both longitudinal and transverse sections of the uterus. Also the thickness of uterus walls and ovaries in 3 planes were measured. Endometrium was irregular of 14 mm thickness. The patient had dilatation and curettage. Histology showed: adenocarcinoma I degree, and endometrial polyp. After hysterectomy the sonographic evaluation was compared with postoperative histologic measurements. Vaginal sonography is a good method of screening for uterine neoplasms in presymptomatic women. In postmenopausal patients who are not receiving hormonal replacement an endometrium of greater than 5 mm should be considered abnormal and undergo curettage and histological examination.


[Chronic twin to twin transfusion syndrome with non-immunologic hydrops fetalis "donor"].

We describe a case of twin to twin transfusion syndrome, with few distinct features that are not commonly reported. Not immunological hydrops fetalis (NIHF) was met in donor and there was no hydramnion around the recipient. In prenatal diagnosis we additionally used the ultrasound testing of the dividing membranes and the Doppler velocimetry in umbilical arteries.


[Effects of surfactant administration in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome. II. Radiographic changes].

The effect of treatment of severe respiratory distress syndrome with a natural porcine surfactant (Curosurf) on the radiographic appearances and degree of aeration is described. Separate assessment of each lung of 22 preterm babies was made before and after surfactant administration. The beneficial effect of Curosurf treatment on the aeration of the lungs was seen in 19 (86%) of the babies.


[Evaluation of usefulness of enzymatically determining estriol in urine and placental lactogen in serum of pregnant women with threatened preterm labor].

In 40 pregnant women in the pregnancy period from 16 to 28 weeks with threatened preterm labor diagnosed after clinical investigations and recording of cardiotocogram the values of oestriol in 24-hour urine and placental lactogen in the serum was measured. These values were compared to analogous determinations in a group 40 healthy women with similar duration of pregnancy. Statistically significantly lower values of placental lactogen were found in the serum of pregnant women with threatened preterm labor. The values of oestriol in 24-hour urine were also lower, but the differences were not statistically significant. In conclusion the authors state that enzymatically determined placental lactogen in the serum is a useful method of monitoring of pregnancy with threatened preterm labor. Determination of oestriol was without any greater diagnostic significance in the case of threatened preterm labor.


[Evaluation of the usefulness of enzymatic determination of estriol in urine and placental lactogen in serum of pregnant women with threatened preterm labor].

The authors studied 60 pregnant women in the pregnancy period from 29-37 weeks with threatened preterm labor. The control group formed 40 healthy pregnant women in the same pregnancy period. In all pregnant women the values of oestriol in 24-hour urine and placental lactogen in the serum was measured. Statistically significantly lower values of placental lactogen were found in the serum of pregnant women with threatened preterm labor. The values of oestriol in 24-hour urine were also lower, but the differences were not statistically significant. In 40 pregnant women in the pregnancy period from 16 to 28 weeks with threatened in the serum is a useful method of monitoring of pregnancy with threatened preterm labor. Determination of oestriol was without any greater diagnostic significance in the case threatened preterm labor.


[Influence of ethyl alcohol on resistance of lobular blood vessels of human placentas during in vitro perfusion].

25 human placentae lobuli obtained from normal, term deliveries were examined. Two-sided, closed perfusion according to modified Schneider method was used. Pressure of perfusion was recorded independently in maternal and fetal circulation using mercurial manometer and Ludwig kymograph++. Ethyl alcohol was dosed in single portion of 50 mg (A-1 group) and 250 mg (A-2 group) in 10% concentration (real concentration respectively 0.1 and 0.5%). In control group 0.9% NaCl was used. Decrease of the blood-vessel resistance in maternal and fetal circulation was observed. The relaxation was dependent on ethyl alcohol concentration.


[Placental lactogen level and activity of oxytocinase, beta-glucuronidase and thermostable alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme in blood serum of women with ectopic pregnancy].

The lack of literature data dealing with placental lactogen concentration as well as with the other biochemical parameters in blood serum in women with ectopic pregnancy was the reason we turned to that problem. In eight patients with ectopic pregnancy there was determined placental lactogen level and oxytocinase activity as well as the activity of beta-glucuronidase and thermostable alkali phosphatase isoenzyme in blood serum. The results obtained were compared to the concentration of those parameters in blood serum in women with ectopic pregnancy and to those of not pregnant women. It was stated that in women with ectopic pregnancy there was produced placental lactogen and its concentration in blood serum was lower (about 30 percent) than that in women with ectopic pregnancy. Similarly, mean value of oxytocinase activity in women with ectopic pregnancy was twice lower in comparison to that of ectopic pregnancy, while beta-glucuronidase activity was twice higher when compared to that of ectopic pregnancy values. Placental alkali phosphatase isoenzyme activity was similar in both groups of pregnant women.


[Vascularization of the posterior wall of the urinary bladder in women after past cesarean section in light of microangiographic studies].

Arterial vascularization of membranes in the urinary bladder wall has been studied in 14 women of reproductive age, who were bearing children. Four of them had exclusively spontaneous deliveries. Ten delivered at least once by cesarean section. The studies consisted in filling the uterine, ovarian and vesical arteries with Microtrast preparation. After the filling of vessels and fixation of the preparation in 10% formalin solution, specimens, 4-5 mm thick, were taken from the bladder wall at the junction with uterus, and comparatively specimens from the free parts of the uterus body. The serial specimens were used to obtain photographs by means of X-ray apparatus with microfocal tube, being implemented for structural studies. On the basis of the above-mentioned investigations we disclosed that the course of the blood vessels in membranes of the urinary bladder wall undergoes changes after routine dissection during the cesarean section. There is a disappearance of regular arrangement of the vascular network, particularly in mucous membrane. New vessels of larger calibre with an irregular course are seen to appear throughout the entire width. Such changes were not detected at sites distal to the field of operation. Specimens stemming from the urinary bladders of women, who delivered spontaneously, failed to reveal such changes.


[Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and its isoenzyme activities in newborn children and adult women and men].

During fetal development, antioxidant defense mechanisms have generally been considered to be less active than those of mature newborn infants or of the adults. It has been suggested that this might reflect a lower requirement for cellular antioxidant activity because of the relatively protective intrauterine environment and the lower perfusing oxygen tension in the fetus. Inadequate antioxidant protection has been postulated as a prime factor in pathologic states such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia and retinopathy in preterm infants. To obtain a profile of changes of superoxide dismutase and it's isoenzymes (the main enzyme of antioxidant defence) in human blood during late fetal development, we studied blood samples from prematurely, on term and postmaturely born infants, and adults. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and Cu, Zn-SOD in plasma blood changed significantly with maturation, by term Cu, Zn-SOD activity reached a level higher than in adults. High SOD activity, perhaps, is one of biochemical specific "preparation for birth" occurs in developing fetus to help assure it's successful adaptation to comparatively O2-rich world at birth.


[Influence of applicator moves to dose distribution during Selectron LDR brachytherapy].

Irradiation of cancer diseases with intracavitary applicator makes impossible visual control of applicator's position during the process of irradiation. In this paper example applicator moves during the treatment are presented and their influence to dose distribution especially in reference points is discussed. Verification of applicator's position has been made by the use of roentgen films.


[Role of carboplatin in treating patients with advanced ovarian cancer].

Results of Carboplatin treatment of ovarian cancer were presented. Drug resistance was observed during therapy of first course type. Objective response to treatment was observed with 5 patients from 27 ones (19%).


[Prognostic factors in breast cancer].

This treatise dealt with a particular prognosis factors analysis carried out on a large group of breast cancer patients. Creating analysis is the main task to establish both the way of adjuvant treatment and the treatment results foresight.


[Surgery of brain angioma (hemangioblastoma cerebelli) during the 31st week of pregnancy].

The course of treatment of 28-years old pregnant woman by reason of the tumour of the left cerebellum hemisphere was presented. The urgent operation was performed in 31-st week of pregnancy because of increase of intracranial pressure. The tumour 5 cm in diameter was removed totally. Pathomorphological examination demonstrated haemangioblastoma. Cesarean section was performed in 38-th week of pregnancy by reason of cerebrospinal fluid accumulation in tumor place. Nine month after operation and 7 month after delivery mother and child are in good condition.


[Coexistence of sertolioma with borderline (adenoma-cystoma-fibroma) tumor in the ovaries of a 69 year old patient].

A rare case of coexistence of gonadal neoplasm Sertolioma with boundary line tumor with epithelial fill in ovaries in 69 old patient was described. Current diagnostic and prognostic possibilities in such cases were discussed.


[Marking and detection of DNA of leptospires in the dot-blot and situ hybridization with digoxigenin-labelled probes].

DNA of Leptospira interrogans sv. lai strain 017 was labelled with digoxigenin or alpha 32P or biotin and used as probes to detect DNA of leptospires. Probes labelled with digoxigenin were able to detect 0.1-1 pg of homologous DNA and 10(2) of L. interrogans sv. lai strain 017. Probes alpha 32P and biotin detected 1 pg and 10 pg of homologous DNA and 10(3), 5 x 10(3) of L. interrogans sv. lai strain 017 respectively. These three probes couldn't detect L. biflexa sv. patoc strain Patoc I, L. illini strain 3055, Escherichia coli. Bacillus aerogenes capsulalus, Salmonella anatis, K-DNA of Leishmania, and of human WBC. Comparison of digoxigenin-, alpha 32P- and Biotin-labelled probes in the dot-blot hybridization assay on different serogroup sv. of leptospires revealed that digoxigenin-labelled probes were more sensitive than alpha 32P and biotin-labelled probes. The results indicate that digoxigenin-labelled probes DNA can be used for detection of leptospires in field and clinic. We also report procedures in situ hybridization with leptospira in tissues smear and plasma sediment of an experimentally infected guinea pig. It offers the advantage of recognizable of leptospiral morphology in combination with a hybridization signals. The results indicate that digoxigenin-labelled DNA probes of 017 strain might provide tool for routine diagnosis and classification in cases of leptospiral interrogans infection.


[The effect of 211At labelled monoclonal antibody against gastric cancer on DNA, RNA and protein synthesis in gastric cancer cell].

By means of nuclide precursor incorporation, the effects of 211At labelled monoclonal antibody against gastric cancer (211At-3H11McAb) on DNA, RNA and protein synthesis in gastric cancer cell were studied. The results show that 211At-3H11McAb and Na211At-3 inhibit 3H-TdR, 3H-UR and 3H-Leu incorporation, especially 3H-UR incorporation, into gastric cancer cell at 3.7 x 10(4)Bq and 1.85 x 10(5)Bq; the inhibiting rates depend on concentration. The DNA biosynthesis in gastric cancer cell gradually recover after the drug is removed, suggesting that the drug should exert an inhibiting action on DNA biosynthesis in tumor cell through interference of DNA metabolism.


[Biochemical and immunological characterization of desmosomal proteins].

Desmosmoes were dissolved by incubation at 100 degrees C for 30 minutes in lysis buffer containing 9.5 M urea. SDS-PAGE revealed seven high molecular weight (> 67 kd) bands and some keratins. Seven of these were considered to be major bands. Bands 1 and 2 with M(r) values of 250 kd and 215 kd, called desmoplakins I and II. Polypeptide bands 3, 4a 4b, 5 and 6 had M(r) values of 165kd, 130kd, 115kd, 83kd and 75kd, respectively. 2-2.5mg of Desmoplakin I was obtained by a preparative electrophoresis; the purity reached 93.1%. The isoelectric pH range was between 6.8 and 7.2, and the amino acid compositions displayed a relatively high content of glycine. It was found that McAb Desmoplakin I recognized specifically the 250kd antigenic band by immunoblotting.


[Detection of anti-idiotypic antibody specific for anti-HBs in HBsAg positive serum].

An ELISA for detecting anti-idiotypic antibody specific for anti-HBs(anti-anti-HBs, Ab 2) was devised and used to detect twenty-three asymptomatic HBsAg positive sera. Of these HBsAg positive samples, five were positive for anti-anti-HBs. Three anti-anti-HBs positive samples and two anti-anti-HBs negative samples were checked by immune electron microscopy (IEM). Non HBV particles were found in the anti-anti-HBs positive samples, but the particles were seen in one of the anti-anti-HBs negative samples. According to the immune networks theory, the anti-anti-HBs with the characteristic of HBsAg internal can mimic HBsAg and bind to anti-HBs(Ab 1), so that the anti-anti-HBs may interfere the routine detection of HBsAg and results in false positive. The data described above demonstrated the existence of this consideration. The authors suggested that samples with HBsAg positive, especially those from asymptomatic carriers should be detected for anti-anti-HBs in order to rule out the interference of anti-anti-HBs.


[Studies on human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)-binding protein from Pseudomonas maltophilia by ligand blotting assay].

A ligand blotting technique was developed to study the HCG-binding protein from Pseudomonas maltophilia after size separation by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions. The separated proteins were transferred to a nitrocellulose sheet, which was subsequently incubated with [125I]iodo HCG, and subjected to determination for radioactivity in gamma-counter. A radioactivity peak equivalent to an M(r) 70000 appeared, which was not observed when the hormone incubation was performed in the presence of an excess of unlabeled HCG. The peak also disappeared when the protein samples were treated with reducing agent, which showed that integrity disulfide bonds of the protein was essential for the protein-hormone interaction. In addition, position of the radioactivity peak which was due to the binding of [125I]iodo HCG to western blots of the HCG-binding protein was corresponding to that of the antibodies against the HCG-binding protein recognizing a 70000 protein on the western blots. These results show that the HCG-binding protein from Pseudomonas maltophilia is an M(r) 70000 protein and that the HCG-binding protein contains at least one disulfide bond essential to its binding activity.


[Study on casting precision of plat castable ceramic crowns].

The plat castable ceramic crown was made with investment material prepared in our college with our own casting technique by a Chinese-made casting machine. The accuracy and fitness of the crown were studied and appraised. Results show that the margin of fitness is 46 microns and that the cement film thickness of the dies in the spacer material group is 65.13 microns. Hence the results are satisfactory. The Plat castable ceramic crown might be used in clinical dentistry.


[Histological study of the structure of artificial plaque].

Five cariogenic bacteria were used to produce a plaque, called artificial plaque, by sequential culture in vitro. The results showed that the artificial plaque is very similar to the natural one in morphology and structure. Artificial plaque may be taken as an excellent model in vitro for the studies on cariogenicity of dental plaque.


[Study of the mechanistic model for substrate-enzyme interaction on rabbit thymus tissue-based biosensor].

The authors studied the possible mechanistic model for substrate-enzyme interaction on rabbit thymus tissue-based biosensor by tissue chemistry and potentiometric method. The results show that cell construction of coarsely ground and immobilized fresh rabbit thymus is mostly intact. The channels of lipid double-molecule in the cell membranes were expanded. This tissue sensing membrane is better than the natural tissue membrane in terms of electrode response. The membrane has been found to be usable for up to 25 days with a response time of 8 minutes and slope of 51.2mV/decade. The authors suggested a new idea of "frame" construction.


[A computerized analysis of phrenic nerve discharge signal].

The authors offered a method of computerized analysis to solve the problems met in the manual measurement of the signal of phrenic nerve discharge (PND). An envelope was gained via digital fullwave rectification and filter from the acquired PND signal. From it, some important parameters were measured automatically. The program ran well in animal experiments. The values of the PND parameters obtained by computer showed no significant difference as compared with the averaged values measured manually by researchers.


[Observation of paired-pulse depression in CA1 region of hippocampal slices from coriaria lactone-kindled rats].

Paired-pulse depression (PPD) technique was used to investigate the potency of recurrent synaptic inhibition mediated by GABA in area CA1 of 54 hippocampal slices from coriaria lactone (CL)-kindled and control rats. When paired stimuli were sent to the axon of CA1 pyramidal cell and Schaffer collaterals, the effect of population spike PPD lasted about 40-60ms; no significant change was observed on PPD potency between kindled and control groups (P = 0.06, 2-way ANOVA). The results indicate that the GABA-ergic synaptic inhibition seemed not to play a key role in the maintenance of the chemical kindling induced by CL.


[Bacterial microcolony and its primary applications].

A new rapid and useful microcolony technique was developed by using cellulose-acetate membrane as a supporter. The bacteria were inoculated on the membrane and cultivated for 3-6h. Then the membrane was rendered, fixed and colored. The microcolonies were observed and counted under the microscope. By using this technique the microcolonies of 139 strains of bacteria were observed. 72 strains of Staphylococcus were differentiated by means of observing the characteristics of the microcolonies. The correlation rate between the microcolony method and the routine method was 90.28%. This technique was also first used to determine the bacteria numbers in urine within 6h, and the advantages of it were significant compared with the plate count method.


[Effects of mixture of Astragalus membranaceus, Fructus Ligustri lucidi and Eclipta prostrata on immune function in mice].

A Chinese medicine mixture containing Astragalus membranaceus, Fructus Ligustri Lucidi and Eclipta prostrata(AFE), was fed to mice 9g/kg, 20g/kg, respectively for seven days. Observe the effects of AFE on the immune function in mice. The experiment showed that the two dosages of AFE could obviously raise the conversion percentage of lymphocytes (P < 0.01) and serum IgG level (41%-47%) of the mice. The weights of the thymus and spleensed increased in the two groups compared with those in the normal control. The larger dosage of AFE could also raise activity of Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) obviously (P < 0.01). AFE turned out a resistance to the immunosuppressive effect caused by cyclophosphamide.


[Partial purification and analysis of allergenicity, immunogenicity of Ginkgo biloba L. pollen].

Pollens of Ginkgo biloba L. (G.b.l.p) have been found to be a kind of important allergen which causes pollinosis in Chengdu. The goal of this study is to purify G.b.l.p and to determine the allergenicity and immunogenicity of various fractions. Crude extract was purified by gel filtration with Sephadex G25, then G75. Two elution peaks were observed. On SDS-PAGE, the molecular weights of protein of the 1st peak and the valley were 30-42 kd and 13-18kd, respectively, and that of the 2nd peak was less than 13 kd. 40 patients with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma underwent the skin test with crude extract and various fractions of gel filtration; it revealed that the strongest allergenic activity existed in the 1st peak and there was mild allergenic activity in the 2nd peak. The in vitro allergenic activity and immunogenic activity of various fractions were examined by ELISA inhibition test. It was further confirmed that the allergenic activity and immunogenic activity of the 1st peak were the strongest, and those of the 2nd peak were the lowest. It is suggested that diagnosing reagents can be made satisfactorily by partial purification, i.e. discarding the inactive fractions, since allergenicity exists in various fragments. But fractions of allergen with high IgG immunogenicity should be selected to produce immunotherapy agents so as to enhance the production of blocking antibody and thus improve the therapeutic effect.


[Preventive effect of green tea on MNNG-induced lung cancers and precancerous lesions in LACA mice].

Three hundred and ninety LACA mice of seven weeks old were used in 2 batches (96.4 wks and 106 wks) for studying the preventive effect of green tea on MNNG-induced lung cancers and precancerous lesions. These mice (within each batch) were randomly allocated to four groups, namely, positive control (MNNG), green tea (GT), complex (MNNG + GT), and blank control (C) group. In MNNG group, MNNG 250 micrograms) was injected intravenously every five days for seven times in each mouse; the total dosage of MNNG was 1.75mg. In GT group, according to W/W, 5% GT dust was well mixed into 95% common diet for long-term breeding. In complex group, MNNG was given as that in MNNG group and the mice were reared as those in GT group. The mice in MNNG group and in C group were all reared by common diet. The mean amount of daily intake of feed was 10g. The number of effective animals was 354. The results of experiments showed different degrees of preventive effect of green tea on MNNG-induced lung cancers and precancerous lesions in LACA mice. Green tea exerted an effect on the number of induced cancers and precancerous lesions, causing a drop of the cancerous rate from 79.75% to 13.59% and the number of lung tumor down to 1/7-1/16 that of the MNNG group, i.e. down to less than one tumor nodule per mouse.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


[Physiological changes in middle-aged persons and old people before and after tennis competition].

An examination of medical and physiological changes before and after tennis competition was performed on 71 middle-aged persons and old people in order to know whether they were adapted to this intense match or not. The result was that in the male group 1 (50-59 yrs), the heart rate, respiration rate and blood pressure before and after the tennis game had no significant differences (P > 0.05), indicating that this group was fit for the tennis competition, in the male group 2 (60-69 yrs) and male group 3 (70-79 yrs), as age advances, the number of unfitness to this game was increased gradually; in the female group (50-59 yrs), 28.5% of them showed a marked increase in the heart rate after the competition. We think that when persons have an electrocardiogram showing a significant undue changes of the ST segment and T wave after the contest, they are not suitable to this violent competition. So the medical surveillance is very important for the old people to play violent games such as tennis. The periodical health examination should be done before any exercise event with emphasis on the cardiovascular system so that the old sportsman can choose the proper exercise item and take self-control during the exercise.


[Survey of suicidal mortality rate in several districts of Sichuan province].

A survey of the suicidal mortality rates in two cities and six districts in Sichuan province was carried out from 1980 to 1988 by the authors. The average suicidal mortality rate (ASMR) in these districts from 1980 to 1988 was 15.5/10(5), and the population and suicidal mortality rate positively correlated, r = 0.53. The ASMR in the male was 14.9/10(5), in the female 17.1/10(5), in the urban area 9.4/10(5), in the rural area 21/10(5), and the ASMR in the urban area was higher than that in the rural area (P < 0.05). The peak age of suicidal mortality was around twenty years.


Parkinsonian-like tremor induced by a combined application of chlorpromazine and pentobarbitone in cats with left-paw preference.

A Parkinsonian-like tremor can be induced by a combined application of chlorpromazine and pentobarbitone in cats. Interestingly enough, only cats with left-paw preference were found to have a predisposition to this drug-induced tremor. The cats with ambidexterity and right-preference in paw use did not show any visible tremorogenic action of these drugs. Especially the proximal muscles of all four extremities showed oscillations with a frequency of about 12 per second in all animals tested, which completely disappeared after i.v. application of lioresal, atropine and biperiden. It was suggested that this new drug-induced tremor model may reflect an impairment within the cortico-striato-pallido-thalamo-cortical feedback loop. It was also concluded that left-handers may have an increased predisposition to centrally acting drugs than nonleft-handers.


Handedness, dyslexia and twinning in homosexual men.

A study of handedness, dyslexia, stuttering and twinning, was included in a study of sexual habits of homosexual men. A questionnaire was mailed to homosexuals, and 394 forms suitable for data analysis were received. The results showed an increased rate of lefthand writing (17.5% compared to 8-8.4%), and a clear left shift. There were increased occurrence of both stuttering (7.1% compared to 1.6%) and reading difficulties (7.9% compared to 1-3%). The incidence of twins was lower than the population (1.3%). The results confirm earlier attempts to show a left shift in homosexuals, and support Geschwind's hypotheses about etiological factors for both lefthandedness and homosexuality.


Role of cerebral hemispheres and regions in processing hemifacial expression of emotion: evidence from brain-damage.

Patients with focal brain-damage, right or left hemisphere-damage (RHD/LHD) and anterior or posterior region-damage (ARD/PRD), and normal controls (NC) were asked to match the photographs of (left-right) hemifacial expressions of emotions, positive (happy-surprise), negative-aroused (fear-anger), negative-nonaroused (sad-disgust). Findings indicated that (a) NC subjects were significantly superior to brain-damaged patients; the difference between RHD and LHD patients was nonsignificant, and (b) ARD patients were significantly inferior to PRD patients who, in turn, were significantly inferior to NC subjects, in the perceptual matching task with hemifacial affective stimuli.


The pineal gland and the menstrual cycle.

The menstrual cycle reflects the expression of a cyclical process involving the interaction between the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and the ovaries. This complex process requires an integrated neural and humoral control mechanism. It is now well established that a hypothalamic "transducer" located in the medial basal hypothalamus integrates neural and humoral information and translates it into an oscillatory signal which eventually results in the release of the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), triggering the secretion of gonadotropins from the pituitary gland. Recent animal studies indicate that melatonin influences the functions of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis by modifying the firing frequency of the hypothalamic GnRH pulse generator. Consequently, the pineal gland, through the action of melatonin, may exert an important modulatory effect on the mechanisms controlling menstrual cyclicity. Furthermore, abnormal melatonin functions may be involved in the pathogenesis of several disorders of the menstrual cycle including some forms of hypothalamic amenorrhea such as exercise and malnutrition-induced amenorrhea. Consideration of pineal melatonin functions provides a new dimension into the understanding of the neuroendocrine mechanisms governing the cyclical phenomena of the female reproductive system.


The relation of body height to handedness in male and female right- and left-handed human subjects.

The association between body size and the degree of hand preference was studied in male and female right- and left-handed human subjects. Hand preference was assessed by the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory. In left-handers (total sample), there was a significant, negative linear correlation between the degree of left-hand preference and body height. There was no significant correlation between these parameters if the males and females were considered separately. In right-handers (total sample), body height was found to be significantly and negatively linearly correlated with the degree of right-hand preference. A similar correlation was observed in males without familial sinistrality (FS-) and in FS+ females. There was no significant correlation between these parameters in FS+ right-handed males and FS- right-handed females. It was suggested that hormones affecting body height and brain size such as human growth hormone and testosterone would also contribute to the development of cerebral lateralization.


Alpha rhythm and the pineal gland.

Alpha rhythm is classically described as a bilateral posterior rhythm of substantially constant frequency in the range of 8-13 Hz which is enhanced by mental relaxation and blocked by attention. Since the full expression of alpha rhythm has been shown to occur coincident with puberty, it is possible that the establishment of alpha rhythm is subject to neuroendocrine influences which govern psychosexual maturation. There is ample evidence to indicate that the pineal gland is implicated in cerebral maturation and psychosexual development. Nocturnal plasma melatonin levels have been shown to decline progressively throughout childhood reaching a nadir at puberty. Since administration of melatonin has been reported to block alpha rhythm, it is proposed that the progressive decline in melatonin secretion during childhood facilitates the maturation of the alpha rhythm. Consequently, the presence of alpha rhythm could be used as a neurophysiological marker for the activity of the pineal gland and disorders associated with absent or delayed maturation of the alpha rhythm such as autism, dyslexia, personality disorders, epilepsy, Tourette's syndrome, and schizophrenia might be related to disturbances of pineal melatonin functions in early life. Moreover, since the EEG patterns associated with cerebral immaturity (i.e., slowing, absence of alpha activity) are more pronounced in the left hemisphere, this hypothesis implies differential influence of the pineal gland on hemispheric maturation potentially accounting for the vulnerability of the left hemisphere to cerebral insults.


Auditory event-related potentials among dyslexic and normal-reading children: 3CLT and midline comparisons.

Event-related potentials (ERP's) to verbal and non-verbal auditory stimuli were recorded from normal-reading and from dyslexic children while performing a target-detection task ("oddball" paradigm). Two methods of analysis were used: (1) Peak latency and amplitude measures of P3 recorded from 3 midline electrodes; (2) P3 apex latency, amplitude and orientation in the three-channel Lissajous' trajectory (3CLT) derived from 3 orthogonal pairs of electrodes. P3 peak amplitude was significantly attenuated in dyslexic children compared to normal-reading children and in response to verbal stimuli compared to non-verbal stimuli. P3 apex latencies were longer and apex amplitudes larger in response to non-verbal compared to verbal stimuli. The most striking finding involved P3 apex orientation, which pointed in an upward-posterior direction with a slight tilt to the left among normal readers, but with a tilt to the right in dyslexics.


Magnetic fields alter the circadian periodicity of seizures.

We have recently reported that application of external, weak magnetic fields attenuated seizures in epileptic patients (Anninos et al., 1991). However, the mechanisms by which magnetic stimulation reduces seizure activity are unknown. We present four non-selected epileptic patients the first to be rated by the senior author, in whom treatment with magnetic fields attenuated the severity of seizures and also altered the circadian occurrence of seizures. The first patient, a 27-year old woman, had generalized tonic-clonic seizures which occurred almost exclusively at night. Following treatment with magnetic fields she experienced attenuation of seizures which then occurred only after waking up in the morning. The second patient, a 42-year old man, had generalized tonic-clonic seizures which occurred randomly during the day and night. Treatment with magnetic fields resulted in disappearance of nocturnal seizures with seizures now occurring exclusively during the day. The third patient, a 21-year old woman had generalized tonic-clonic seizures which occurred randomly during the day. After treatment with magnetic fields she was free of seizures for 7 months, but recently experienced one attack in the morning hours while sleeping. The fourth patient, a 39-year old woman had secondary generalized seizures since the age of 12. Prior to treatment with magnetic fields she had 8-10 seizures daily which occurred randomly during the day and night hours. Magnetic treatment resulted in attenuation in seizure frequency (1-2/day) with seizures now occurring only during the day. We propose, therefore, that since the pineal gland is a magnetosensitive organ which "transduces" environmental information of the light-dark cycle and of the earth's magnetic field into an endocrine message mediated via the circadian release of melatonin, and since it is recognized that melatonin attenuates seizure activity, artificial magnetic fields attenuate seizure activity by altering the functions of the pineal gland.


Voluntary immunomodulation: a preliminary study.

This study explored the effects of relaxation and imagery procedures on the voluntary self-regulation of immune responses. Immune studies of 19 adults were made before and after a 45 minute intervention consisting of relaxation with imagery aimed at enhancing immune activity. A self-report measure of psychological distress was completed before each blood sample. Results indicate that the seven blood measures of immune functioning were measured with adequate reliability and consisted of two sets of immune parameters. A statistically significant increase in one of the mitogen measures and a marginally significant increase in one of the blood count measures was found following the relaxation/imagery procedure. Age, hypnotizability, and their interaction significantly predicted change on the set of blood count measures but not on the set of mitogen measures. As expected, level of subjective psychological distress generally decreased following the intervention. The methodological limitations of this study included limited sample size and absence of a control group.