[Chymotrypsin-like proteinases in microbial proteolytic complexes].

A considerable amount of proteinase of chemotrypsin type (AO-ct) was found in the proteolytic system of Asp. oryzae, strain "h"-476. The proteinase produces an intensive effect when hydrolyzing p-nitrophenyl acetate (p-NPA) -- 18-20 times as strong as that of crystalline chemotrypsin. Comparison of the AO-ct and chemotrypsin properties resulted in proving the enzyme nature of the p-NPA hydrolysis reaction. A study of AO-ct specificity with the presence of such substrates as p-NPA, o-nitro-phenyl acetate, 2,4,dinitrophenyl acetate (2,4-DNP) showed that displacement of the nitrogroup into the ortho-position produces a 4-fold inhibition in the hydrolysis, introduction into the molecule of other nitrogroup (2,4-DNP) -- a 9-10 fold inhibition, the effect of chemotrypsin on them is considerably weaker, but 2.4-DNP hydrolyses more intensively. Definite differences are found in the effect of AO-ct and chemotrypsin in hydrolysis of phenyl acetate, N-benzoyl-tyrosine-methyl ester and casein. All the reactions are completely inhibited with DFP. The esterolytic activity (substrate p-NPA) is detected in a series of the exocellular proteolytic complexes, their effect being rather intensive but diverse.


[Peculiarities of RNA synthesis in sections of rat liver tissues and cells of chicken embryos under conditions of protein synthesis inhibition].

Kinetics of radioactive predecessors incorporation into RNA and proteins of the rat liver and chicken embryos cells was studied as affected by different doses of cycloheximide. In both cases a definite dependence is established for changes in the specific radioactivity of nuclei and cytoplasm RNA on the antibiotic concentration: the doses of cycloheximide which cause an insignificant inhibition of protein biosynthesis do not evoke an increase in the intensity of RNA biosynthesis. Intermediate doses of cyclohemide in certain periods of incubation stimulate incorporation of 2-14C-orotic acid into RNA both in experiments with the tissue sections and with cell culture. A dependence is supposed to be between the intracellular bond of the changes in RNA biosynthesis on a degree of protein biosynthesis inhibition.


[Soluble neutral peptide hydrolases of nervous tissue].

Soluble forms of neutral peptide-hydrolases (protaminsulphate as a substrate) of the cat cerebral hemisphere grey and white matter were investigated by the method of gel-filtration on Sephadex G-150. The results of the experiments showed that grey and white matter of the cerebral hemispheres contains different forms of soluble neutral peptide-hydrolases. The products of protaminsulphate hydrolysis were analyzed by the method of gel-filtration as well (Sephadex G-25). Under the influence of the studied enzymes of protaminsulphate hydrolysis occurs due to subsequent splitting of C-terminal residues of arginine. It means that the studied soluble neutral peptide-hydrolases of grey and white matter of the cat cerebral hemisphere may be referred to the group of exopeptidases.


[Effect of Triton-100 on activity and solubilization of brain acid proteinases].

The activity and solubilization of acid proteinases of grey and white matter of the cat great cerebral hemispheres were studied as affected by the detergent triton X-100. High concentrations of the detergent evoke a significant decrease of the activity in grey matter and significant increase--in white one. It is found that 20-25% of the activity of the grey matter acid proteinases are strongly bound with the studied tissues and not release under the effect of the detergent in high concentrations.


[Activity of asparaginase and glutaminase of chickens with experimental sarcomatosis].

It is established that the activity of asparaginase in the chicken pectoral muscle tumours is considerably higher than of that in normal muscle. Dynamics of the asparaginase activity in blood is parallel to the changes in the enzymatic activity in the tumour under experimental sarcomatosis. The higher asparaginase activity is also observed in the vicera except for the liver in the terminal period of sarcomatosis development. The glutaminase activity is found to be more stable.


[Isoenzymic composition of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase of subcellular fractions of rabbit tissues under alloxan diabetes].

The isoenzymes of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD, EC 1.1.1.49) was studied in hyaloplasm and mitochondria of the liver, myocardium, skeletal muscle, spleen and adrenals of alloxan diabetic rabbits. The most significant changes were found in the liver hyaloplasm: one of the minor isoenzymes, isoenzyme "C", disappears and the zone of the main isoenzyme "E" decreases significantly in comparison with the control. It was found that the intensity of these changes depends on the glycemia level in the diabetic animals.


[Krebs cycle in tissue of rats subjected to combined effect of hypercapnia, hypoxia and cooling].

The content of the Krebs cycle substrates and activity of dehydrogenases corresponding to them were studied in the brain and myocardium tissues of the non-linear male rats adapted to acute hypoxia under conditions of the altered gas medium. The content of malate and succinic acid was studied in the liver and skeletal muscles only. In the brain the total activity of malate dehydrogenase (MDH, EC 1.1.1.37, 1.1.1.39) alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KDH, EC 1.2.4.2) pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH, EC 1.2.4.1) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH, EC 1.1.1.41-42) is shown to be decreased and kept to be lowered in all the periods of the study. No essential shifts in the activity of these dehydrogenases were found in the myocardium. The activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH, EC 1.3.99.1) in both tissues lowers 48 h after the effect of the mentioned factors. Simultaneously the greatest changes in the level of the substrates were observed in the myocardium, in the brain they were less developed. In the liver the content of malate increases without pronounced changes in the amount of succinic acid and in the skeletal muscles the level of malate and succinic acid lowers.


[Inhibiting effect of sodium dodecylsulphate on DNase of animal tissues].

The activity of DNases in homogenates of the spleen, thyroid gland and intestine mucosa of rats as well as in solution of purified pancreatic DNase was studied as affected by sodium dodecylsulphate. Dodecylsulphate has an inhibitory effect on all the studied DNase. The effect grows up to complete inhibition of DNases with an increase in the content of detergent in the incubation mixture from 0.5 to 5-10 mg/ml.


[Metabolism of ATP in rat tissues under different experimental states].

The content and incorporation intensity of tritium from methionine CH33-groups as well as ATP phosphorus renewal of the skeletal muscles, liver and brain were studied in albino rats as effected by proserin, nicotinic acid and the vagus cutting. It is established that the organs and tissues with a high metabolic activity of ATP are characterized by a higher level of its renewal of ATP. Proserin and the vagus cutting are most likely to affect the renewal of ATP through choline metabolism. Nicotinic acid may affect the renewal of ATP through pyridine nucleotides in the process of oxidative phosphorylation.


[Effect of hyperoxia on calcium transport in mitochondria of brain and liver].

The active and passive transport of radioactive calcium was studied in experiments on the brain and liver mitochondria, homogenates of brain and erythrocytes of albino rats subjected to the toxic effect of oxygen under pressure. The processes of the Ca2+ active transport preparations under examination are established to be inhibited after the effect of hyperoxia. The passive transport is considerably less dependent on the previous effect of oxygen. A conclusion is drawn on the prevailing sensitivity of the calcium energy-dependent transport to the damaging effect of hyperoxia.


[Preparative separation of thiamine di- and triphosphates by ion-exchange chromatography].

The conditions were developed for preparative isolation of thiamine triphosphate (TTP) from a mixture of phosphoric acid esters of thiamine (PET) (40-80 mg thiamine). The Dowex 1 x 4 resin (acetate form) and triethylammonium acetate (TEAA), pH 4.5 as an eluent were used. The employment of volatile TEAA instead of acetate buffer facilitates the obtaining of concentrated TTP preparations and their subsequent identification. This method is successfully used for purification of commercial cocarboxylase preparations (TDP) (80 mg by PET). In comparison with electrophoresis and paper chromatography, the preparative isolation of TTP and TDP by the ion-exchange chromagraphic method is less laborious and permits larger amounts of PET to be separated for a single run.


[Change in the content of free amino acids in brain tissue and blood plasma of rabbits under the effect of hydrocortisone].

The influence of a single and long term intramuscular hydrocortisone injections on the content of free amino acids was studied in the rabbit brain tissue and blood plasma. It is shown that exogenous hydrocortisone changes the content of certain amino acids in the brain. The changes in the free amino acids spectrum in blood plasma are more significant than in the brain under the hydrocortisone effect. The direction of the changes in blood plasma at the single and long term hormone administration is the same, their degree of expression depends on the time of administration.


[High-voltage electrophoresis and its application in combination with other methods for protein structure studies].

The method of high-voltage paper electrophoresis may be applied not only for peptide separation, but also in modifications and combinations with other methods, so, by means of aminoethylation and maleylation it is possible to broaden or narrow the range of trypsin action. This, in its turn, makes it possible to isolate preparatively lysin- and arginine-containing peptides, oxidation with performic acid enables the thyol-containing fragments to be isolated and application of carboxypeptidase A-C-terminal peptide of protein. When studying the primary structure of proteins the method has already found its widest application but with an increase in the number of methods of protein specific modification its potentiabilities will be even wider.


[Surgical tactics in acute cholecystitis in old patients].

Based on some characteristic features of the clinical course of acute cholecystitis and large number of its destructive forms in aged persons, it is recommended to operate patients of this group during 24-28 hours after their admission. 216 aged and senile patients with acute cholecystitis were operated upon, the postoperative mortality being 9.7%. Cholecystectomy is considered to be the operation of choice. In the appropriate indications this operation was associated with drainage of the common bile duct. Cholecystostomy was performed in 10.6%.


[Clinical course and diagnosis of cancer of the gallbladder].

Basing on clinical observations over 51 patients with cancer of the gallbladder the authors support the opinion of many medical researchers that, in most cases, the disease develop with cholelithiasis in the background. To establish the diagnosis of cancer of the bladder prior to surgery is possible only taking into account the complex of manifestations in patients with a persistant anamnesis of cholelithiasis. The mortality rate is high. One of the effective prophylactic measures against development of the bladder cancer is felt to be an early operative treatment for cholelithiasis and its complications.


[Transhepatic drainage of bile ducts in their high cicatricial stricture].

The method of combined, transhepatic and transanastomotic external drainage of bile passages in their high cicatricial narrowing is described. A transhepatic drainage tube was inserted under visual control in the 3d segment duct at the marginal section of the liver. Such method of draining bile passages enabled a more successful treatment of purulent cholangitis, sanation of bile ducts from fine concretions. Intraoperative injection of a dye stuff via the transhepatic drainage may facilitate considerably a search for bile ducts in cicatricial tissues of the hepatic porta.


[Ligature with insoluble material as a cause of formation of bile duct calculi].

The author reports 5 observations on formation of secondary concretions in bile ducts due to getting into the latter silk, capron and lavsan ligatures put on the vesical duct stump or the common bile duct wall. A running suture from the unresolved material proved to be most hazardous in this respect. Sutures from slowly resolving materials such as chromisized catgut best of all meet the requirements of surgical procedures on bile ducts.


[Endoscopic diagnosis of masked perforated peptic ulcer].

Fifty eight patients hospitalized with a suspicion to masked perforated ulcer of the stomach and duodenum were subjected to urgent fibrogastroduodenoscopy by means of modern endoscopes with fiber optics. In 8 cases the perforation was diagnosed during endoscopy and subsequently supported intraoperatively. In the remaining patients the diagnosis of perforated ulcer was rejected. An application of urgent endoscopy in patients suspected of masked perforated gastric or duodenal ulcer made it possible to avoid useless laparotomies and shorten the terms of preoperative examination and determination of indications to surgical therapy.


[Causes of development of peritonitis after appendectomy].

According to the authors' data peritonitis developed after appendectomy in 122 of 18347 patients, operated upon for acute appendicitis, was an extremely grave complication of this lesion and the related surgical intervention. The main causes for development of postoperative peritonitis were local and diffuse peritonitis (101 cases), more rarely--technical and tactical errors made during the operation. Due to diagnostic difficulties a purposeful treatment for postoperative peritonitis was undertaken with a delay, reoperations were performed in late terms and not in every case either. The mortality due to postoperative peritonitis made 23 per cent.


[Etiology of nontuberculous spontaneous pneumothorax].

Under observation were 158 patients treated for spontaneous pneumothorax (138 males and 20 females aged from 16 to 81 years). In 83% no causes of the lung rupture were revealed. Total collapse was observed in 38%, partial collapse--in 44.3%, collapsing of one lobe--in 9.5% and gas as a parietal band--in 8.2%. Eighteen patients were operated upon, 83% of patients showed symptoms not corresponding to pathophysiology of perforating pneumothorax. Taking into account the literature data and their personal observations the authors consider that not infrequently the primary mechanism of neuroreflectory pulmonary collapse underlie nontuberculous spontaneous pneumothorax in seemingly sound persons.


[Appendicular form of intestinal yersiniosis].

The authors report twenty three cases of intestinal yerseniosis revealed among 575 patients operated upon for acute appendicitis. The diagnosis was supported bacteriologically and serologically. The disease proceeded with a predominant involvement of the appendicular process. Various forms of acute appendicitis were observed. Common appendicitis was noted in 6 cases, phlegmonous--in 15, gangrenous--in 2.


[Remote results of treatment of chronic duodenal obstruction].

It is the authors' opinion that surgery after the E. V. Smirnov technic yields favourable results in uncomplicated forms of chronic duodenal obstruction. If the latter is associated with diseases of the pancreas and liver, then better results seem to be provided by the A. P. Mirzaev and Strong operation. Less satisfactory issues were gained while constructing gastro-enteroanastomosis and accomplishing pyloropexy to the round hepatic ligament. These operations should be of somewhat limited use in case of chronic duodenal obstruction. The results of clinical observations are described.


[Adhesive intestinal obstruction in the light of immediate and late results].

The immediate and late results of surgery for adhesive intestinal obstruction were followed up in 235 patients. For prophylaxis of intestinal hypodynamia it is recommended to inject 0.25% novocain solution intraabdominally in the postoperative period. It is found that such kind of injections prevent peritoneal adhesions. Intraperitoneal injections of 0.25% novocain solution yield favourable and satisfactory results in 86.3% of cases, while without using novocain good and satisfactory results were noted only in 49.1%.


[Postoperative hernias and adhesions in the abdominal cavity].

According to the author's findings both during the operation for postoperative hernias and abdominal adhesions and postoperatively the use of proteolytic enzymes, antiallergic therapy, and stimulation of the bowel peristalsis would give favourable results with a complete recovery of patients, in whom besides hernia also abdominal adhesions were observed. The operative technic is described.


[Thrombectomy in acute thrombosis after reconstructive operations on the arteries of the limbs].

While performing 152 reconstructive operations for obliterating lesions of large arteries of the lower extremities, the authors observed early acute thromboses of the graft in 12 patients (following operations on the femoropopliteal region and crural arteries). Of 12 patients 7 subjects were reoperated upon. In 6 cases indirect thrombectomy from the autovenous shunt or endarterectomized arterial segment by a baloon catheter proved to be quite feasible. The patients were discharged with adequate compensation of the extremity circulation. In one case there was obliteration of the shunt. In 5 patients treated conservatively for acute thrombosis of the graft a gangrene of the limb developed, and it had to be amputated.


[Role of phlebography in surgery of recurrent varicose veins of the lower limbs].

It is believed by the investigators of recurrent venous varicosity of lower limbs that phlebography aids to detect errors of the performed operative procedure and to reveal what caused the recurrence. The authors' experience comprise 48 distal, ascending, vertical phlebographies, and 47 pelvic and retrograde femoral ones in 60 patients, both explorations being utilized for 28 lower limbs. Distal phlebography in 44 of 48 examined patients indicated insufficiency of perforated veins that caused the recurrent crural varices. It is considered that in surgical therapy for venous varicosity a due consideration should be given for both a liquidation of recognized errors of the preceding surgery and a correction of pathological changes in deep veins of the lower extremities.


[Treatment of pulmonary gangrene].

Seven cases of pulmonary gangrene are reported. The conservative therapy would somewhat improve the general patient's condition, but the destructive process in the lung proceeded. One patient was subjected to thoracotomy, in 6 subjects due to the extensive lesion pneumonectomy was performed. Postoperatively, pleural empyema developed in all patients, the former was eliminated by punctures and lavage of the pleural cavity during 2 months. One patient died after pneumonectomy, the remaining 5 patients radically operated upon were discharged with a completely liquidated suppurative process. It is the author's opinion that pneumonectomy seems to be a perspective and radical method of treatment for gangrene. Pneumotomy should be accomplished only in extremely grave cases.


[Surgical aspects of formation of arteriovenous fistulas and experience with their use in chronic hemodialysis].

The authors report their experience with 71 procedures of constructing a subcutaneous arterio-venous fistula in 56 patients suffering chronic venous insufficiency. Surgical technic of 7 various modifications in producing arterio-venous fistulas on the upper and lower extremities is described and the methods of the postoperative management, as well. An analysis of main complications is given. By means of arterio-venous fistulas over 700 seances of hemodialysis were performed.


[Surgical treatment of dislocation of the acromial process of the clavicle].

An original method of osteosynthesis of the clavicular-acromial juncture, that differs from the currently used technics and provides a secure fixation, is suggested. Fourty six patients were operated upon, using the technic described, with good immediate and late results.


[Treatment of humeral fractures by intramedullary osteosynthesis].

Observations over 175 patients, treated for closed and open fractures of the brachial bone by intramedullary osteosynthesis with a metallic nail, are analysed. Among 175 patients 128 subjects were operated upon for closed brachial fractures, 26--for open fractures, and 21--for gunshot ones.


[Traumatic injuries of the pancreas].

The authors examined 8 patients with isolated and associated injuries of the pancreas. It is concluded that the correct preoperative diagnosis of pancreatic injuries present considerable difficulties and seems to be feasible in single cases due to the absence of pathognomonic symptoms. It is the authors' opinion that a selection of the optimum extent of surgical intervention should be made individually, depending on the character of anatomical changes in the pancreas, the presence of associated injuries, concomitant lesions, general patient's state, etc.


Immune globulin studies of the "collapse syndrome" in suckled calves.

A total of 351 single suckled beef calves were blood sampled during the first three days of life and thereafter twice weekly until five samples had been obtained. Eighty four calves suffered from diarrhoea and 23 of these died. No relationship could be found between the total circulating immune globulin level of a calf and its subsequent fate, suggesting that the syndrome with which many calves were affected is different in character from other forms of neonatal bovine diarrhoea.


A health service for horses.

The current position of the horse in the United Kingdom is discussed and the attitudes of the horse-owning public are examined. It is suggested that there are welfare, economic and practical advantages to owners and the veterinary profession in a veterinary health scheme for horses. A scheme which has been tried successfully in the field is discussed.


Biochemical studies of the "collapse syndrome" in suckled calves.

A total of 351 single-suckled beef calves were blood sampled at twice-weekly intervals for the first two and a half weeks of life. Twenty three of them died, 13 of a syndrome characterised by acute collapse and 10 of diarrhoea which had persisted for several days before death. Those which died acutely showed a sudden terminal rise in blood levels of potassium, magnesium, inorganic phosphate and total protein. Those which died after several days of diarrhoea showed a more gradual increase in blood chloride and urea concentrations and in packed cell volume values. It is suggested that these changes indicate a difference in the pathogenesis of the two situations. Calves which died had lower blood glucose levels before the onset of clinical signs than those which survived. It is suggested that this may have been a contributory factor in their mortality.


Oxibendazole: critical anthelmintic trials in equids.

The efficacy of oxibendazole against gastrointestinal parasites of horses was evaluated by the critical test method. Naturally infected ponies of various ages were given single oral doses of 5, 10, or 15 mg-kg of bodyweight. The drug was highly effective against adult large strongylids (Strongylus vulgaris, S edentatus, S equins), adult small strongylids (especially species of the genera Cylicostephanus, Cylicocyclus, Cyaathostomum, and Triodontophorus), and adult and larval stages of the large pinworm, Oxyuris equi. There was no apparent dose-related differences in efficacy. Oxibendazole was less effective against fourth-stage small strongylid larvae than it was against adults. The drug was inactive against stomach bots (Gasterophilus spp), tapeworms (Anoplocephala magna and A perfoliata), lungworms (Dictyocaulus arnfieldi), abdominal worms )Setaria equina), and mature or immature nematodes in locations other than the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract.


Epiphysitis in beef cattle fattened on slatted floors.

A syndrome which causes severe lameness and affects the fetlock area of the hind limbs was recently encountered in beef cattle housed on slatted floors. This condition does not appear to have been reported to others. On radiological and pathological examination of the limb, a lesion of epiphysitis was found in the distal epiphysis of the metatarsus. The clinical, radiological and pathological features are reported and discussed.


Epidural anaesthesia in donkeys.

Epidural anaesthesia was tested on 40 donkeys. The second intercoccygeal space was found suitable for satisfactory induction and a dose of 8 to 10 ml of 1 per cent procaine hydrochloride was recommended for inducing posterior epidural anaesthesia and 30 ml of 2 per cent for anterior epidural anaesthesia.


[Comparative studies of some methods of freezing bull sperm].

Comparative studies were carried out with a total of 27 ejaculates obtained from 20 bulls to establish the alleged advantages of some of the tested technological methods for freezing the semen in the form of pellets, ampules, straws, and minitubes. All four methods showed comparable results. The morphologic changes in the thawed semen, resp., spermatozoa varied within close limits--from 41 up to 42.5 per cent of the cells had secondary defects. So far as the extent of contamination was concerned the investigations showed that the four methods should be improved in terms of the hygiene standard in the collection and handling of semen, especially in the granulation of semen and its storage in the form of pellets.


[Efficacy of aerosol disinfection with lactic acid and its effect on the body of poultry].

Comparative studies were carried out to establish the efficacy of lactic acid as a disinfection means. The following pattern was observed in employing the agent: a 20 per cent conc. of the acid at the rate of 20 cu. cm per cubic meter is dispersed three times as an aerosol (at 8, 12, and 6 oclock) in the course of twenty minutes. It was found that the microbial contamination of the air drops three to four times. More pronounced is the bactericidal effect on the coliforms and moulds. The birds of the group treated with lactic acid gain 30 g more per day up to the end of the fattening period. Dependable is the higher serum level of protein as well as the higher protein content of the liver and heart musculature and of the essential amino acid tryptophane in the blood serum and liver of the test birds. Higher was also the glycogen content of the liver of the test group broilers.


[Attempts at obtaining a pentavalent vaccine against leptospirosis].

Obtained was a five-valent vaccine (Leptospira pomona, L. canicola, L. grippotyphosa, L. mitis, and L. icterohaemorrhagiae). It was found that storage at 4degreesC does not impair the immunogenicity of the vaccine in the course of one year. Three groups of rabbits were used to test its immunogenicity--group I, injected once, subcutaneously, with 1 cu. cm of the vaccine; group II, injected subcutaneously, twice, at an interval of 7 days, with 1 cu. cm of the vaccine each time; and group III, injected once, muscularly, with 1 cu. cm. The animals were kept under observation for twelve months. It was established that in the case of intramuscular treatment there were highest antibody titers in the blood serum persisting up to the twelfth month.


[Study of methods for obtaining high-titer antispirochete sera].

A comparative serologic study was carried out on three methods for immunizing rabbits to obtain high titer antispirochete sera. It was found that the method making use of Freund's adjuvant produces the best immunization effect. Applying the spirochete substrate via the conjunctiva makes it possible to obtain a good immunization effect with the lowest amount of antigen. Using no unspecific stimulating agents it was possible to obtain high titer antispirochete sera combining the conjunctival application with the intravenous injection of the spirochete material.


[Resorption, deposition and assimilation in rabbits and piglets of new Bulgarian iron-dextran complexes as compared to Myofer-100 and Ferroglukin-75].

Followed up was the resorption (in rabbits) and the deposition and utilization (in pigs) of two new Bulgarian ferrodextran complexes (A-100 and B-75) compared with Myofer-100 and Ferroglukin-75. According to their resorption as determined by the sideremia and the coloration of tissues at the side of injection, the ferrodextran preparations are divided into fast-resorbing and slow-resorbing. The preparations A-100 and Myofer-100 are resorbed 8--10 times faster than the preparations B-75 and feroglukin-75. Greatest portions of iron are distributed per gram of tissue in the regional lymph nodes, followed by the liver and spleen. Upon applying the preparations at sites of the hind part of the body the lymph nodes of the front part of the body assume more intensely the colour of the fastresorbing preparations. This may be used as a test indicating the character of resorption. No direct correlation was established between the rate of resorption and the stimulation of the growth in pigs. It has been found that the optimal dose of the preparations A-100 and Myofer-100 for pigs is 160 mg Fe3+, while of the preparations B-75 and Ferroglukin-75 it is higher. It was found that in terms of resorption, coloration of tissues, distribution in the organisms, and utilization per cent the preparation A-100 is more advantageous than B-75, is equal to Myofer-100, is resorbed better, and colours to a slighter extent the tissues than Ferroglukin-75.


[Test of the effectiveness of tylan on spirochetosis in chickens].

The water-soluble preparation Tylan in conc. 1:2000 in the drinking water for three consecutive days was used successfully against spirochetosis in birds both experimently and in the field practice, as a therapeutic and prophylactic means. 175 (92 per cent) out of 190 affected birds in a spontaneous breakout of spirochetosis recovered. It was found experimentally that Tylan does not interfere with immunogenesis. This made it possible for the authors to vaccinate 10,000 chickens from flocks with manifested spirochetosis along with giving Tylan as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent. Spirochetosis ceased and was no more observed up to the time of slaughter i. e., six months following vaccination. If there are no ticks on the spirochetosis-affected farms it is possible to bring to an end the disease through the therapeutic and prophylactic use of Tylan together with disinfection with 1 per cent sodium hydroxide, no vaccination being needed.


[Effect of IR rays on the titers and protein fractions of the blood serum in chicks vaccinated with La Sota vaccine].

Studied was the effect of infrared rays on the titers and the protein fractions of the blood serum in birds treated with the La Sota vaccine. Results showed that the gamma-globulin fraction and the titers rise as established through the hemagglutination-inhibiton reaction. This made it reasonable to believe that the reticuloendothelial system was favourably activated as regards the immunogenesis against the Newcastle Disease virus. The rise in the gamma-globulin level coincides in time with the highest titer as found by means of the agglutination-inhibition reaction, the titers in all experiments being higher in the sera of the irradiated birds and the variations on the 20th day being mathematically significant.


Quantitative and qualitative studies on hepatitis B antigen. Titer and subtypes in acute virual hepatitis patients and blood donors.

Hepatitis B antigen (HB Ag) titer and subtype were determined in blood samples obtained from 270 HB Ag-positive acute viral hepatitis (AVH) patients, as well as in 100 HB Ag-positive blood donors. The percentage distribution of the HB Ag titer shows a shift towards lower titers in the case of "healthy carriers". In both AVH patients and blood donors the "ay" antigenic subtype was found to be predominant.


A survey for Ilesha Bunyamwera group virus antibodies in sera from domestic animals and humans in three ecological zones of Nigeria.

343 persons, 58 children and 285 adults, from three ecological zones: rainforest, savannah, and plateau were tested for the presence of Ilesha virus N antibodies in their sera. Neutralization tests were conducted in suckling mice using the constant virus--constant serum technique. 155 subjects (45%) had Ilesha immunity: 22 children (38%) and 133 adults (44%). The highest percentage of positive sera was found in the savannah (54%), followed by the plateau and rainforest. A further analysis of the results shows that the virus is more active in rural communities than in urban centres. A total of 68 sera from domestic animals (cows, sheep, goats, and pigs) were tested. Antibodies were found only in cows and goats. The absence of antibodies in sheep and pigs may be due to the small number of sera tested.


The effect of ATP on lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and influenza B virus multiplication.

The authors investigated the effect of ATP, an energy supplying substance, on the activity of LDH, an enzyme of the glycolytic pathway and on the multiplication of influenza virus strain B/Singapore in embryonate hen eggs. In the presence of ATP the increase in LDH activity could be detected from the first 1-3 hours and became obvious after 24 hours; likewise, virus multiplication was more intensive so that the hemagglutinating (HA) activity appeared 12 hours earlier than in controls and the increased HA values persisted for a longer time. The isoenzymatic pattern showed an intensification of LDH4 and LDH5 fractions in virus-inoculated eggs.


Effect of ceruloplasmin on AoPR8 influenza virus infection in embryonate eggs and mice.

Inoculation to embryonate hen eggs and mice of AoPR8 influenza virus pre-incubated with ceruloplasmin (10(-7)-10(-6) M) results in a statistically significant decrease in the hemagglutinating titer of the virus, without changes in infectivity. This effect is ascribed to formation of a virus-ceruloplasmin complex, which probably interferes with both virus penetration and release of newly formed virus from the cell.


Sources of hepatitis B virus infection in hospital environment.

Investigations on the incidence of hepatitis B antigen (HB Ag)-carriers among 1466 patients of 11 various hospitals and departments showed that sources of hepatitis infection were more numerous in hospitals for children than in those for adults. The high-risk departments were those of dialysis (5 out of 12 patients), clinical medicine (6.6%), and obstetrics and gynecology, for adults, and those of neuropsychiatry (17.9%) and clinical medicine (11.2%)for children . The highest incidence of HB Ag-carriers among the medico-sanitary personnel of 5 hospitals (436 sera) was recorded in a hospital of obstetrics and gynecology.


[Effect of experimental hypothyreosis on glycoprotein fractions and their carbohydrate-containing components in rat blood serum].

In blood serum of rats with experimental hypothyreosis content of albumins, alpha2- gamma-globulins and ceruloplasmin was decreased but content of alpha1-, beta-globulins, seromucoids, sialic acids, hexoses bound with proteins, hexoseamines, haptoglobulins, transferrins and fucose was increased. The most distinct alterations in metabolism of glycoproteins were observed in rats with hypothyreosis, caused by thyroidectomy or by administration of large doses of thyreostatics. A correlation was observed between the alteration in ratios of the protein fractions and content of different carbohydrate containing components of glycoproteins. In the animals examined normalization in content of different carbohydrate containing components of blood occurred with 24-36 days after termination of the thyreostatic administration. In rats with thyroidectomy the process was prolonged up to 2 months and more.


[Effect of yeast mannan on the activity and kinetic patterns of alpha amylase from rat blood serum].

The mannan from Rhodotorula rubra activated alpha-amylase of blood serum in vivo. After intravenous administration of the polysaccharide into rats kinetic patterns of the enzyme were altered. The effect of mannan on various molecular forms of alpha-amylase was also studied.


[Isoenzymes of esterase and alkaline phosphatase in blood serum and adipose tissue of rats after partial pancreatectomy].

A decrease in activities of isoenzymes of aryl-, carboxyl esterases and alkaline phosphatase was shown, by means of agar gel electrophoresis, in blood serum and in most the isoforms of perinephric adipose tissue of rats within 3 days after partial pancreatectomy. In subsequent periods (6, 11 and 14 days) a normalization in the enzymatic activity and an increase in content of blood serum cholinesterase activity occurred.


[Activities of glucose-6-phosphate and lactate dehydrogenase in myeloid and erythroid cells of rabbit bone marrow].

In cells of rabbit bone marrow, which were in conditions of erythroid hyperplasia and reduced erythropoiesis, activities of glucoso-6-phosphate and lactate dehydrogenases were studied. In the myeloid cells the enzymatic activities were found to be distinctly higher than in myelocaryocytes, mainly represented by erythroid cells.


[Transketolase activity in rabbit myocardium and erythrocytes in health and in allergic heart diseases].

Transketolase activity was determined in myocardium and erythrocytes of rabbits by following formation of D-sedoheptuloso-7-phosphate (S-7-P), when the convertion of the substance was blocked in a transaldolase reaction by addition of 3-phosphoglycerol aldehyde dehydrogenase. In the transaldolase reaction consumption of the S-7-P did not exceed 5% of the amount of this compound, produced in the transketolase reaction. In allergic impairment alterations in the transketolase activity occurred simultaneously with a change in the level of plastic metabolism in myocardium. The transketolase activity was decreased when destructive processes were stimulated. But the transketolase activity was distinctly increased under the conditions, characterized by activation of protein biosynthesis.


[Chemical composition of lipoid anticoagulant and mechanism of its action].

A lipid anticoagulant (ether extract of brain tissue) after repeated treatment with alcohol and acetone contained, mainly, ethanolamine phosphatides and sphingomyelin. The product inhibited the conversion of prothrombin into thrombin due to interaction of the lipid anticoagulant with the substrate (prothrombin). The anticoagulant inhibited also the reaction of thrombin with fibrinogen, producing a kind of "coupling inhibition" as shown by graphical analysis of the inhibition kinetics. A fraction of the anticoagulant, enriched in ethanolamine phosphatides and a fraction, enriched in sphingomyelin, possessed the both types of the activity. But the fraction enriched in the ethanolamine phosphatides inhibited more distinctly the reaction between thrombin and fibrinogen. Kinetics of inhibition of thrombinogenesis and thrombin -- fibrinogen reaction by both anticoagulant fractions and initial anticoagulant was similar.


[Isolation, purification and characterization of a protein causing experimental allergic polyneuritis in rabbits].

A basic low molecular protein, which caused development of experimental allergic polyneuritis in rabbits, was isolated from bovine sciatic nerves and purified by means of column chromatography.


[Glycolipids of rabbit spinal cord in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis].

Within the acute period of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, when the clinical picture was quite distinct, content of glycolipids was studied biochemically and histochemically in lumbar region of rabbit spinal cord. In this region the myelin degradation was the most distinct; content of glycolipids was decreased. Localization of the centers of decreased glycolipids content, determined histochemically, was similar to the localization of the zones of degraded myelin. The decrease in content of glycolipids was due to breakdown of cerebrosides but not sulphatides. Quantitative and qualitative composition of gangliosides was not altered in the spinal cord.


[The activity and isoenzyme spectrum of lactate dehydrogenase in tissues of rats of different ages].

Age alterations of the total activity and isoenzyme spectrum of lactate dehydrogenase were observed in rat skeletal muscles, liver and heart. In the aged animals the total activity of LDH was increased in skeletal and heart muscles. In the skeletal muscles and liver tissue of the aged rats content of M-subunits the LDH and the content of LDH-5 was increased. In the heart muscle content of H-subunits, LDH-1 and LDH-2 was increased as compared with adult and growing rats.


[Effect of an inhibitor of a trypsin-like enzyme on the degradation of liver proteins under normal conditions and in thermic burns].

Degradation of proteins in liver tissue slices, estimated by liberation of 14C-glycine, was increased in the animals which were subjected to burns. The cathepsin D activity was found to be simultaneously increased in extracts of the liver tissue. In burnt rats, administered with an inhibitor of trypsin-like enzymes (contrical) during 8 days after the burning, the rates of protein degradation and the values of cathepsin D activity approached those characteristics for the normal animals. Addition of the inhibitor into incubation samples did not effect degradation of liver tissue proteins and the enzymatic activity.


[Isolation, purification and properties of a carboxypeptidase inhibitor from human blood serum].

Partially purified low molecular component, which inhibited the carboxypeptidase N activity in samples with hippuryl-L-lysine and bradikinine as substrates, was isolated from human blood serum by means of chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex, ultrafiltration of the fractions obtained through Amicon membranes UM-10 or UM-2 and subsequent gel filtration through Sephadex G-10. The probable molecular weight of the inhibitor was 2000. The inhibitor was thermolabile; its inhibitory activity was decreased by 50% after 30 min boiling in 0.01 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.8. Trypsin and chymotrypsin did not influence the inhibitory properties of the factor. Hydrolysis of the low molecular component in 6 N HCl at 110 degrees C within 18 hrs and subsequent studies of the amino acid composition showed a number of amino acids in the hydrolysate; the hydrolysate exhibited the inhibitor activity of the initial substance.


[Determination of choline, its esters and their mixtures by thin-layer chromatography].

Chromatography of standard aqueous solutions of choline, its esters and their mixtures was carried out in fixed thin layers of neutral aluminium hyroxide in two polycomponent acid systems of solvents. Optimal conditions for separation of the components are described.


[A rapid method for preparative separation of lipoproteins into main groups by density gradient ultracentrifugation].

A rapid method was developed for separation of lipoproteins by flotation in an ultracentrifuge using a four-step density gradient 1.006, 1.063, 1.250 and 1.300 g/ml. A satisfactory fractionation of serum lipoproteins was carried out by single ultracentrifugation within 4-5 hrs at 216,000 g.


[Effect of tuberculosis infection and antibacterial preparations on thiamine metabolism].

Effects of tuberculous infection and monotherapy during three months with ethyone amide, etoxide and canamycin on thiamin metabolism were studied. The state of the metabolism was estimated by monitoring the content of radioactive thiamin in tissues and blood and by following its excretion. In guinea pigs generalized tuberculosis caused impairments in utilization of the administered thiamin. Content of the vitamin was decreased 3.5-4 fold in tissues, especially, in kidney and liver tissue but its excretion from the organism was increased almost three-fold as compared with healthy animals. Treatment of animals with ethyone amide, etoxide and canamycin within three months did not restore the impaired thiamin metabolism. In the animals the assimilation of the administered thiamin constituted 17,5-20% as compared with healthy animals; this phenomenon was accompanied by an increased urinary excretion of the vitamin.


[The activity and isoenzyme spectrum of esterases in erythroid and myeloid cells of rabbit bone marrow].

In erythroid and myeloid cells of rabbit bone marrow the total activity of esterases and their isozyme spectrum in polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis were studied. Higher esterase activity was observed in the myeloid cells as compared with erythroid ones. In the isozyme spectrum of esterases from the myeloid cells an additional cathode fraction was observed, which was not found in extracts of erythroid cells. Experiments with inhibitors showed that the enzymes studied were carboxyl- and acetylesterases.


[The effect of thyroid hormones on the content of glycoprotein fractions and their carbohydrate-containing components in rat blood serum].

In blood serum of 195 male rats an effect of different thyroid hormones on alterations in content of glycoprotein fractions and their separate carbohydrate containing components was simultaneously studied. A correlation was established between alterations in the glycoprotein fractions and content of seromucoids, sialic acids, hexoses associated with proteins, hexosamine, haptoglobin, transferrin, ceruloplasmin and fucose in blood serum. Dynamics of alterations of these values was studied. The normalization of the tests studied was correlated with the type of hormone used, its dose, duration of the hormone administration and the emotional state of the animals. The mechanisms of alterations in content of the blood glycoproteins, their interrelationship and biosynthesis are discussed.


[Deamination of nitrogenous compounds in mitochondrial membranes under stimulation of lipid peroxidation].

Fragments of mitochondrial membranes, obtained by freezing-thawing of mitochondrial fraction from rat liver homogenate, were treated with Fe2+ ions under conditions, which were optimal for accumulation of a product of lipid peroxidation--malondialdehyde (MDA). The accumulation of MDA in the mitochondrial membranes was accompanied by a decrease in deamination of monoamines (tyramine or, especially, tryptamine) and by appearance of qualitatively new properties to deaminate histamine or cadaverine as well as adenylic acid. Appearance of these properties was prevented by blocking with trans-2-phenylcyclopropylamine or N-methyl-N-benzylpropynylamine of the mitochondrial monoamine oxidase activity. Inhibitors of initiated by free radicals lipid peroxidation (propylgallate, butyl hydroxytoluene) did not bind Fe2+ ions but prevented the alterations in deamination of nitrogenous compounds induced by the treatment of the fragments of mitochondrial membranes with Fe2+ ions. Stimulation of lipid peroxidation in mitochondrial membranes was, thus, accompanied not only by partial inactivation of the structure-bound monoamine oxidase but also by apparent qualitative alteration (transformation) in its catalytic properties.


[Activity of proteolytic enzymes and trypsin inhibitor in blood serum and kidney in pyelonephritis].

In 116 patients with acute and chronic pyelonephritis and in 66 healthy persons the total proteolytic, trypsin-like, catheptic, BAEE-esterase activities and the content of trypsin inhibitor were determined in blood serum and kidney tissue. The total proteolytic and catheptic activities were distinctly increased in blood serum and, especially, in kidney tissue under acute pyelonephritis. In chronic pyelonephritis the activity of cathepsins was decreased in blood serum. The trypsin-like activity tended to decrease both in blood serum and kidney. The BAEE-esterase activity was increased in kidney, particularly in acute pyelonephritis, but in blood serum it was decreased. The inhibitor of trypsin was not found in kidney; in blood serum its content was slightly increased in acute pyelonephritis but there were only slight alterations in the chronic disease.


[The study of isoenzymes of esterase, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase from blood serum in lymphogranulomatous process of liver tissue].

In blood serum of patients with lymphogranulomatose, as compared with healthy persons, a decrease in activity of one of the arylesterase fractions was observed. In lymphogranulomatous process content of this fraction and content of cholinesterase were decreased in liver tissue more distinctly than in the blood. At the same time the arylesterase activity was increased; the enzyme was found only in trace amount in normal liver tissue. The impairments in content of lactate dehydrogenase isozymes were less distinct. In lymphogranulomatose the activity of alkaline phosphatase was increased, especially in cases accompanied by impairment of liver tissue.


[The role of insulin in the normalization of impairments caused by hydrocortisone in energy metabolism of liver and spleen mitochondria].

Effect of insulin on the oxidative phosphorylation, inhibited by hydrocortisone in mitochondria of liver and spleen tissues, was studied. Administration of insulin simultaneously with corticosteroid was shown to decrease the inhibitory effect of the latter. In mitochondria of liver tissue the increase of inorganic phosphate esterification and the increase in P/O ratio were observed. In the organelles of spleen the increase in oxygen utilization, the activation of phosphorylation reactions, the increase in P/O ratio and in content of sulfhydryl groups occurred. Experimental data are also presented on the energy metabolism in mitochondria of liver tissue and spleen of adrenalectomized rats. The data obtained were similar to that in animals with hypercorticism. Possible mechanisms are discussed of the restoration by insulin of the energy production in mitochondria of the tissues studied.


[Dehydrogenases of the pentose-phosphate pathway of the kidney cortex and medulla in normal and alloxan diabetic rats].

In a supernatant of rat kidney cortex homogenate activities of glucose-6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases were shown to be approximately equal. These enzymes were found in kidney medulla; their activities, similar to those glycolytic enzymes, were higher in kidney medulla than in cortex. In diabetes the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from kidney cortex was increased.


[Preparation of labelled DNA from animal tissues].

Incorporation of 3H-thymidine into cells of bone marrow, spleen and intestinal mucosa was studied in rats with anemia, caused by administration of phenyl hydrazine-HCl. Optimal duration for administration of the labelled precursor was determined and the doses of 3H-thymidine required to produce 3H-DNA with the definite specific radioactivity were established. The isolation of the labelled preparations of DNA from rat spleen after incorporation of 2-2.5 muCi of 3H-thymidine is described; their physico-chemical properties were studied. The specific radioactivity of 3H-DNA was equal to 5-10(6)--10-10(6) disintegrations per 1 min per 1 mg.


[Subcellular localization, isoenzyme spectrum and properties of hexokinase from sarcoma M-1].

In sarcoma M-I the hexokinase activity was found to exceed three-fold the enzyme activity in muscular tissue. In the muscles and tumor intracellular distribution of hexokinase was essentially the same; the main part of the enzyme was localized in hyaloplasma. The mitochondrial hexokinase from sarcoma M-I was solubilized by considerably higher concentrations of KC1 (0.5 M), as compared with those required for the solubilization of the enzyme from muscular tissue (0.05 M). Studies of electrophoretic, kinetic properties and thermolability of the tumor enzyme demonstrated that only two hexokinase isoenzymes were found in sarcoma M-I hyaloplasm as compared with muscular tissue where isoenzymes I, II and IV were observed.


[Changes in binding of corticosteroids by transcortin in blood and in oxidative processes in rabbit liver mitochondria under the effect of decimeter waves].

Irradiation of rabbits with decimetre waves (regions of adrenal glands, liver and lower part of thigh) was accompanied by an increased content of free, biologically active corticosteroids in blood plasma due to liberation of the substances from a complex with transcortine. This phenomenon correlated with activation of the electron transport in respiratory chain of liver tissue mitochondria. The irradiation of the liver region caused distinct alteration in mitochondrial functions apparently due to intensified effect of the decimetre waves directly on the liver tissue.


[Kinetics of human haemoglobin oxidation in normal and pathological states].

Kinetics of human haemoglobin oxidation by ferricyanide was studied in the process of development and in hematological diseases. The rate of haemoglobin oxidation was found to be altered in different ages and pathological states. Possible correlation between a peculiarity of oxidation reaction and haemoglobin composition is discussed.


[Study of toxin from burned skin].

By means of gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography and polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis the toxin from burned rat skin was characterized as a protein with molecular weight 300,000 containing 3-5 subunits. Dissociation of the initial complex was caused by ion exchange chromatography, electrophoresis in fine pore gels and under storage. The dissociation was shown to become irreversible in presence of detergents.


[The role of the nervous system in the mechanism of breakdown of carbohydrate and energy metabolism in muscle tissue under experimental botulism].

In skeletal muscle under a local botulinic intoxication and denervation the alterations in metabolism of glycogen, phosphocreatine, lactic and pyruvic acids were studied. The data obtained suggest that the dissimilarity in impairments of carbohydrate-energy metabolism in botulism and denervation was due to existence of variable types of impairments in the nerves.


[Alpha-L-fucosidase activity in human blood].

The alpha-L-fucosidase activity was studied in blood plasma and cells. In leucocytes and blood plasma of healthy persons the fucosidase activity varied considerably. The fucosidase activity in blood was not altered under pathological conditions other than fucosidosis. The fucosidase activity did not depend on sex and age of the persons studied. No correlation was observed between the values of the fucosidase activity. Two forms of fucosidase (alpha-L-fucosidase I and alpha-L-fucosidase II) were found in human leucocytes and blood plasma. Isoelectric focusing experiments indicates multiple forms alpha-L-fucosidase from human serum. The possibility is discussed of the use of human blood plasma and cells not only for estimation of the total fucosidase activity but also for studies of different forms of the enzyme.


[Effect of thyroxine and hydrocortisone on the content of retinol and retinyl palmitate in liver tissue, kidney and blood of rats, loaded with high doses of retinyl acetate].

Administration of hight doses of retinyl acetate into rats caused an increase in content of retinol in liver tissue and kidney and retinyl palmitate in liver tissue, kidney and blood. The simultaneous administration of thyroxine decreased the accumulation of retinol and retinyl palmitate in liver tissue. At the same time, in kidney content of retinol was increased but content of retinol and retinyl palmitate in blood and retinyl palmitate in kidney did not differ from the values estimated in the control group. The simultaneous administration of retinyl acetate and hydrocortisone decreased the accumulation of retinol and retinyl palmitate in liver tissue, increased the content of vitamin A in blood and did not influence its content in kidney.


[Effect of prolonged administration of thyrocalcitonine on mineralization of regenerating bone after fracture].

A distinct effect on all the stages of regenerating bone mineralisation was observed after daily (within the experimental period) intramuscular administration of thyrocalcitonine with prolonged action (a complex with polyvinyl pyrrolidone) into male rat at a dose 2.5 un/kg of body weight. The drug caused an inhibitory effect on metabolism within the first 10 days of the experiment. Within 2-3 weeks after the fracture the intensity of metabolic processes was increased. Contents of calcium, phosphorus, sodium and potassium were markedly increased in liquid phase of the bone rissue. The synthesis of phosphoproteins, organic non-protein phosphates and the inorganic phosphate was also increased. The data obtained suggest that thyrocalcitonine caused a stimulating effect on aerobic resynthesis of macroergic phosphate containing substances and the increase in the functional activity of osteogenic cells.


[Diagnosis of cancer of a peripheral bronchus].

Among 308 patients with peripheral cancer of the lung in 132 patients (42.9%) tumor was found during fluorographic examination. The operability in these patients was higher, the size of the tumor was somewhat less, metastases in intrathoracic lymph nodes in radical surgery occurred more rarely. However, these differences were not significant enough to regard patients with asymptomatic peripheral cancer as being in a better condition, compared with those having a symptomatic disease. It is concluded that a fluorographic survey, as it is at present time, fails to reveal early form of peripheral lung carcinoma.


[Express microanalysis of total lipids and their fractions in blood serum by micro-thin layer chromatography].

A rapid and sensitive microanalysis in blood serum of total lipids and their main fractions (phospholipids, free cholesterol, free fatty acids, triglycerids, esters of cholesterol) by means of micro-thin layer chromatography is described. The quantitative determination of total lipids and their fractions, after elution from the chromatogramms, was carried out by means of degradation with concentrated sulphuric acid and subsequent photometric estimation at 400 nm. The method enabled to determine from 15-20 mcg to 180-200 mcg of total lipids and their fractions. The error of the method did not exceed +/-8.5% for total lipids.


[A change in the concentration of DNA during radiation therapy of cancer of the larynx].

The author has studied microspectrophotometrically the DNA content in cell nuclei of 30 nonirradiated and 30 irradiated with different doses squamous-cell laryngeal cancers and their regional metastases in the growth zone of histological sections and in cytological specimens (impressions). The DNA "accumulation index" and polyploidization phenomenon were found to be considerably decreased depending on radiation dosage in the group of observations with a good clinical effect. In cytological preparations (impressions) these indices were lower, that seems to be related with the fact that cells of central tumor portions would get into the impression-preparation. Kinetic changes in the DNA content and a histographic type can characterize the tissue radiosensitivity, thus allowing an objective morphological control over radiation therapy.


[Determination of the size of protein molecules by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis].

A correlation between the relative electrophoretic mobility of 15 proteins and the concentration of polyacrylamide gel was considered. The extrapolation of straight lines to the zero mobility enabled to determine the effective radius of protein molecules and the extrapolation to the zero concentration of the gel was used to estimate the free electrophoretic mobility. Use of the method for study of protein molecules is discussed.


[A method for quantitative isolation of lipoproteins from blood vessel walls in an electric field].

A method was developed for complete liberation of lipoproteins from human and rabbit blood vessel walls. The liberation of lipoproteins was performed in specially constructed cell at 290 volts, 10 mA and 4 degrees C within 3 hrs. During this process the lipoproteins maintained their native state.


[Mesotheliomas of the pleura].

The materials concerning 19 patients with pleural mesotheliomas are analysed. The patients were subdivided into three groups according to the clinico-roentgenological picture and course of the affection: 1) four patients in whom pleural mesothelioma proceeded without exudate accumulation; 2) seven patients in whom exudate accumulation in the pleural cavity was the main sign of the tumor; 3) 8 subjects in whom the tumor developed on the side of an artificial pneumothorax many years following its cessation. Among 19 patients only in 5 cases the tumor was suspected soon after their admission to the hospital. A needle biopsy of the pleura is felt to be the most effective method of diagnosis of pleural mesotheliomas, whereas in failure of the former -- pleuroscopy.


[Chemotherapy of generalized forms of lymphogranulomatosis with vinblastine and vincristine].

An experience with vinblastine and vincristine, used separately and together for treatment of 69 patients with lymphogranulomatosis, stage III and IV, enabled the author to draw the conclusion as to the rationality of the combination therapy with these cytostatics of nearly similar chemical structure and actively influencing the lymphogranulomatous tissue. Of special interest is the efficacy of using vinblastine in combination with vincristine in patients showing lymphogranulomatous lesions of the lung, especially in case of destructive changes, in comparatively low toxic affects of a combination of these substances.


[The origin of Barr-positive and Barr-negative dyshormonal tumors].

It has been found that females with dyshormonal tumors can be divided into two groups as to the incidence of sex chromatin in buccal mucosa. An existance of two groups differentiated by the sex chromatin incidence was also supported by the data obtained during examination of apparently healthy females of child-bearing age. The relationship has been established between the incidence of sex chromatin and certain features of the reproductive function. It may be assumed that the female population consists of two subgroups differentiated by a constitutional type of hormonal balance. Some evidences on population heterogeneity as concerns the factors determining the incidence of sex chromatin were obtained in studies of the latter conducted in males. We may suggest, therefore, the relationship between the two variants of dyshormonal tumors and two constitutional types of ageing.


[Immunogenesis and the functional state of the adrenals during tumor growth].

Based on the literature data and results of histochemical studies of fascicular and reticular zones of the adrenal gland, a conclusion is made that adrenal glucocorticoid function is impaired already during the initial period of malignification. During the stage of intensive tumor growth some signs of exhaustion of the fascicular zone are observed against the background of decreased protective functions of the connective tissue system; in the terminal period of the adrenal function and immunogenesis apparatus are found to be suppressed. The resistance to tumor growth is associated with activation of immuno-protective reactions of the organism and enhancement of the glucocorticoid function.


[Cytomorphologic characteristics of malignant tumors of the mediastinum].

The cytomorphological characteristics of most frequently encountered malignant tumors of the mediastinum are described. Needle biopsy specimens of mediastinal neoplasms were examined in 152 patients, 77 of them (56,2%) having malignant tumors. In 118 cases pathomorphological study of the intraoperative or biopsy findings was performed. The correct positive cytological conclusion was made in 85 (56.2%) patients negative -- in 31 (20.3%), doubtful -- in 33 (21.7%), pseudopositive -- in 3 (1.9%).


[Effect of the synchronization of cell culture chronically infected with tick-borne encephalitis virus on the synthesis of virus antigen].

A cell culture chronically infected with tick-borne encephalitis virus was synchronized by the methods of double thymidine block and mitotic selection. There was a correlation between the time at which the cells entered the S period of the cell cycle and 4-8 fold increase in the number of cells carrying the virus antigen detectable by immunofluorescence.


[Characteristics of messenger RNA for interferon and of interferon-inducing RNA isolated from Newcastle disease virus infected cells].

Two kinds of RNA capable of producing interferon in a heterologous cell system occur in the cells producing interferon in response to induction by Newcastle disease virus. One of them has messenger activity for interferon and is presented by a single-stranded structure with sedimentation constant of 10-22 S. This RNA appears to belong to cellular messenger RNA. The other is capable of inducing interferon production by heterogenous cells, resistant to treatment with RN-ase and has sedimentation constant greater than 35 S. In our opinion, this RNA is the primary replicative RNA of the virus-inducer.


[Release of DNA from Sd phage in a protein complex].

The properties of DNA released from Cd phage upon destruction of virions by heating in solutions of low strength were studied. The viscosity of DNA released from the phage after heating in 0.01 X SSC (SSC-0.15 M NaCl divided by 0.015 M sodium citrate, pH 7.0) was found to be no more than 40% of that of DNA released from the phage destroyed by heating in 1 X SSC. Addition of salts up to 1 X SSC to the phage destroyed by heatings in 0.01 X SSC resulted in a marked increase of the viscosity of the latter. According to the results of centrifugation in cesium sulphate and sucrose density gradients, upon phage destruction by heating in 0.01 X SSC DNA war released from virions in the form of a complex with protein. Addition of NaCl up to 1 X SSC to the phage preparations destroyed in the low ionic strength solution led to destruction of this complex. The complex under study was not formed in dialysis against 0.01 X SSC of phage preparations destroyed in 1 X SSC.


[Variability of influenza A2 viruses in nature].

A comparative study of variability of the properties of influenza A2 viruses isolated in different epidemic years (1964-1965, 1968-1969, 1972-1973) showed that in the course of influenza virus evolution changes occurred not only in the antigenic properties of surface proteins (hemagglutinins and neuraminidase) but in a number of other properties as well. In contrast to previously circulating strains, influenza A2 virus strains isolated in the epidemic of 1971-1972 were found to have higher reproducing and neuraminidase activities, greatly increased thermostability and the capacity to induce viremia regularly in white mice.


[Distribution of exogenous interferon in experimental animals following intratracheal administration].

The distribution of homologous and heterologous interferon in rabbits after intratracheal administration was studied. The content of interferon in the lung tissue decreased 1 hour after injection. At 3 hours the interferon concentration in the lungs in some animals decreased 2-10-fold as compared with the initial. A considerable reduction in interferon content in the lungs was observed 24 hours post-injection. In the blood serum interferon was found in low titers 1, 3 and 6 hours after intratracheal injection. On the contrary, the amount of interferon in the urine increased beginning at 3-6 hours after injection and up to 24-48 hours.


[Morphogenesis of Okhotsky virus from the genus orbisvirus].

Morphogenesis of Okhotsky virus isolated in the USSR was studied. Virions of 50-65 nm in diameter were found in the peripheral zone of cytoplasmic matrices. Crystalline-like arrays of virions were observed not reported by other investigators studying morphogenesis of orbisviruses. Besides, not directly associated with matrices, crystalline arrays of some proteins were found in infected cells for the first time with orbisviruses. Nevertheless the main stages of morphogenesis of Okhotsky virus were similar to those of other members of the orbisvirus group.


[Clinical screening of sterility cases for the possible presence of luteal phase defect (author's transl)].

Eighty consecutive cases of sterility was screened for suspected insufficiency of luteal function. The parameters used in the assessment were one value each for pregnandiol and oestrogen excretion, the basal temperature, the histological picture of secretory endometrium, as well as the activity of endometrial malate dehydrogenase and carbonanhydrase, or malate dehydrogenase and succinic dehydrogenase. Histological irregularities, a short luteal phase as indicated by the basal temperature, early abortion and a pregnandiol excretion of less than 1.9 mg were usually accompanied by low endometrial enzymatic acitvity. A comparison of pregnandiol excretion levels with the other four investigated parameters indicated that the number of negative findings increased with decreasing pregnandiol values. In this way, low oestrogen excretion values occurred more frequently with low pregnandiol values. However, when taken in conjunction with other findings, a low oestrogen value does not seem to be characteristic of luteal insufficiency. In certain cases the suspicion of luteal insufficiency increases with decreasing pregnandiol values and with the number of negative findings concerning basal temperature, endometrial histology and enzymatic activity, as well as oestrogen excretion. According to this point of view the incidence of a presumptive luteal phase defect was 33% in the present investigation.


[Study of the metabolic activity of a continuous line of human embryo lung cells infected with oncornavirus type D].

The metabolic activity of human embryo lung cell cultures infected with oncornavirus D obtained from the liquid phase of HEp-2 cultures was studied. In the infected cells of the 2nd passage there was 2-3 fold stimulation of biosynthesis of DNA, RNA and protein. Stimulation of DNA synthesis was particularly marked. In cells of uninfected cultures grown in the presence of a carcinogen, some stimulation of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis was observed. However no considerable differences were observed in the metabolic activity of cells in the infected cultures grown with or without carcinogen.


[The effect of Trichinella spiralis on the susceptibility and antibody production to vaccinia virus].

Trichinella spiralis exerts an immunodepressive effect on production of antihemagglutinins to vaccinia virus in mice, increases the susceptibility to the virus in mice and rabbits. Deaths of mice inoculated with vaccine virus and generalization of the vaccination process in rabbits were observed at 33 days of invasion.


[Comparative morphological investigations of human ovarian follicles and their oocytes (author's transl)].

During gynaecological operations on 27 women aged 20 to 52 years, all visible follicles were punctured and 42 oocytes removed for investigation partly by phase-contrast microscope and partly by semi-thin slides. specimens of the walls of the follicles WERE REMOVED AND EXAMINED HIstologically. Furthermore, the activity of steroid-3 beta-ol dehydrogenase was demonstrated histochemically in 14 cases. Comparative investigations of the walls of the follicles and their oocytes gave the following results: 1. In non-ovulatory tertiary follicles (3 to 12 mm in diameter) with no, or very little luteinization of the theca interna and a granulosa of 3 to 10 cell layers, steroid-3 beta-ol dehydrogenase activity was only found in the theca interna. In 5 out of 23 follicles, the oocytes showed early or advanced signs of degeneration. Thus, atresia of the follicles probably occurs after degeneration of the oocytes. 2. 12 follicles (8 to 30 mm in diameter) showed distinct luteinization of the theca and steroid-3 beta-ol dehydrogenase activity in the theca interna, as well as in the granulosa. 4 of these follicles (all at least 20 mm in diameter) showed oocytes with typical pre-ovulatory changes. In 3 other cases with a similar morphological picture of the follicular wall specimens, the oocytes showed no preovulatory changes. The conclusion is drawn that the functional differentiation of the wall of the follicle induces the preparation of the oocyte for ovulation. On the other hand, 5 similar follicles already had degenerating oocytes. It remains doubtful whether such follicles can reach ovulation. 3. In follicles with early or advanced atresia, the oocytes were completely degenerated.


[Clinical significance of hyperuricaemia in medically-hospitalized women over 50 years of age (author's transl)].

Hyperuricaemia was detected in 150 female patients over 50 years of age in a medical ward and was studied in detail.  Serum uric acid levels over 6.2 mg/100 ml were found in 29.1% of the females of this age group, the incidence of idiopathic hyperuricaemia being 6.4%.  The most common causes of urate elevation were the ingestion of diurectics (32%), pulmonary diseases (20%) and idiopathic hyperuricaemia (24%).  These findings suggest that treatment with saliuretics, especially in the case of hypertensive cardiovascular disease, requires the control of serum uric acid levels.  When serum uric acid levels are found to be elevated, treatment with allopurinol is essential.


[Disseminated intravascular coagulation and acute renal failure in an infant. Treated with streptokinase and peritoneal dialysis (author's transl)].

An infant, aged seven months, developed toxic shock with acute renal failure as a sequel to the development of hypertonic dehydration. The anuric phase persisted despite treatment of the dehydration and diuretic infusions. The coagulation tests showed signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation and so the child was given fibrinolytic therapy for 36 hours following initial heparinization. Excretion of urine recommenced 8 hours after the initiation of fibrinolytic therapy. Peritoneal dialysis was carried out in parallel with the fibrinolytic treatment without haemorrhagic complications. It was possible to terminate dialysis on the fourth day already and renal function subsequently recovered completely.


[Viremia in respiratory syncytial virus infection].

Viremia was demonstrated to occur in experimental respiratory syncytial (RS) virus infection in suckling cotton rats and in natural infection in children. RS virus was isolated from the whole blood of the animals in 3 out of 6 experiments at 2, 5, 6, 7 and 15 days after inoculation, the maximum infectious titer being more than 10(4) TCPD50/0.1 ml. RS virus was also isolated from the blood of 7 out of 15 examined children presenting the typical clinical picture of RS virus disease during the epidemic season of RS virus infection. In 6 patients RS virus was isolated from one blood specimen at 1, 6 and 7 days after the onset, in one patient from 3 blood specimens at 6, 9 and 22 days after the onset. The demonstrated long-term persistence of virus in the blood suggests the possibility of existence of chronic RS virus infection.


[Electrical injuries in childhood (author's transl)].

11 children were admitted with electrical injuries to the Department of Paediatrics, University of Graz, over the 10-year period 1965 to 1974. The electricity was of low voltage in the case of 9 of these children, who were injured whilst playing with plug sockets of defective cables and of high voltage in 4 case. 1 child was stuck  by lightning. Cessation of respiration occurred in 4 of the patients and was successfully counteracted in all cases by prompt mouth-to-mouth breathing. 7 children were still shocked on admission. All children showed the characteristic skin lesions of electrical injury (current marks of linear, round or spidery form). The boy injured by high voltage electricity received extensive burns, in addition. The modes of electrical injury in childhood, the various forms of the resultant lesions, especially of the skin and the treatment of electrical burns are discussed.


[Micromethod for the HA and HI tests in ornithosis].

The possibility of using the HA and HI tests in micromethod modifications in ornithosis was studied. The hemagglutinating activity of various antigens was tested. By the employment of the micromethod antihemagglutinins were found in sera from patients, immunized animals (donkey and guinea pigs) as well as from pigeons and ducks. No antibody was found in control sera and sera from tortoises. The results of the HA and HI tests performed by macro- and micromethod were similar. The micromethod is as sensitive as the macromethod but the former is more economic and permits a larger amount of work to be done simultaneously.


[The incidence of epidemic mumps and the rate of antibody detection in different age groups of Moscow population].

Sera from Moscow residents of different ages were studied by the HI test for antibody to mumps virus. In newborn babies antibody was found in 94%. The number of subject possessing antibody decreased with age and was minimal among children of 3-4 years (40%) but then increased and reached 94% among adults (20 years or more).


[Comparative study on the properties of influenza B viruses isolated in 1959-1974].

The biological properties and antigenic structure of the following influenza B virus strains were compared: Moscow/Likh/59, Moscow/106/62, Moscow/1/66, Hong Kong/5/72, Yamagata/73 and USSR/01/4. The influenza B virus strains isolated in 1972-1974 differed by hemagglutinin from those isolated in 1959-1966. The variability of hemagglutinin correlated with that of neuraminidase. Yamagata/73 virus occupied a special position both with regard to the structure of surface antigens and to some other biological properties. Therefore, the possibility of occurrence in the USSR of virus strains similar to Yamagata/73 cannot be ruled out.


[Morphological study of neurovirulence of the Vnukovo-32 strains of rabies virus].

The central nervous system of white mice inoculated with the production Vnukovo-32 strain of tissue culture rabies virus was studied histologically. Intracerebral inoculation resulted in parenchymatous-inflammatory lesions with predominantly severe involvement of the Ammon horn neurons. Subcutaneous inoculations also revealed a rather significant degree of neurovirulence of this strain, although there were definite differences in the pathomorphological pictures observed after inoculation by this and intracerebral route. In mouse experiments the Vnukovo-32 strain showed instability of the properties both with regard to the degree of neurovirulence and to the duration of the incubation period.


[Hemostasis suppression by a combination of heparin and acetylsalicylic acid].

The effect of a combined application of acetylsalicylic acid and heparin on haemostasis is examined on 7 healthy test persons. Apart from the change of the plasmatic coagulation and the platelet function by the pharmaca a prolongation of the bleeding time which is larger than the values of the individual application can be established. In the in-vitro-experiment could be proved that the prolonged bleeding time is based on the prevented by acetylsalicylic acid release of the heparin neutralising factor 4 from the platelets. An improvement of the therapeutic effect of heparin when at the same time acetylsalicylic acid is given is discussed.


[Hemodynamics of the left ventricle during myocardial infarct].

It is issued from the fact that in acute myocardial infarction depending on expansion and localisation of the necrosis, on the degree of the possible functional adaptation of the not-affected myocardium or its previous injury must be reckoned with different changes of the haemodynamics. The sufficient judgment of the function of the left ventricle which is necessary for a differentiated therapy is possible only by the combination of several haemodynamic parameters. First results of direct measurements of pressure and volume of the left ventricle in patients with acute myocardial infarctions are demonstrated. Two types of haemodynamic constellation and their therapeutic influence are demonstrated. By the provable applanation of the functional curve of the left ventricle a change of the optimum working points develops; a secure differentiation between the reduction of the contractile function and reduced diastolic distensibility, however, is not only given on account of the displacement of the functional curve of the left ventricle. The results show that for a haemodynamic monitoring apart from the direct or indirect determination of the filling pressure of the left ventricle a practicable measurement of the cardiac output which must be repeated several times is necessary for an aimed therapy from haemodynamic aspects.


[Preinfarct and prehospital care of myocardial infarction].

In intensive therapy units, especially in guarded wards for coronary diseases, the lethality in acute myocardial infarction could be reduced by ca. 50%. However, these favourable results are nowadays of importance for the patients concerned only then, when the diagnosis myocardial infarction or the tentative diagnosis infarction are made in a short period and already prehospitally adequate measures are begun. The following measures are in the centre of prehospital care: Immediate home visit when a suspicion of infarction is present, immediate hospitalisation into an in-patient facility, alleviation of pain, immediate treatment of complications (disturbances of cardiac rhythm, shock, pulmonary oedema, cardiac arrest), prevention of disturbances of the cardiac rhythm. According to the modern knowledge is to be assumed that about 50% of the patients with infarction undergo a premonitory stage which lasts for hours, days or weeks. It is possible that here develop concrete approaches to an infarction prophylaxis. In the first place there are an increase of frequency, intensity and duration of the attacks of angina pectoris, insufficient responsiveness to nitrangin, provocation of the attacks by slight causes and changes of the ECG as they are typical for the inner layer and outer layer ischaemia and the so-called rudimentary infarction. The treatment of the preinfarction process should immediately be begun, at best under clinical conditions.


[Complications of cardiac pacemakers].

Since the number of patients with pacemakers increases and the further decentralisation of the care of these patients is planned the survey has the purpose to inform as many physicians as possible about the complications of the pacemaker therapy. In the several paragraphs the problems of the regular and anticipated exhaustion of the battery, defects of the electronic constituents of the pacemaker, fracture of the cable, dislocation of the electrodes, disturbances of the transmission between endocardium and myocardium, disturbances of rhythm under pacemaker-therapy, disturbing influences by intra- and extracorporal causes, surgical complications and implantations in the false place are reported on. Knowledge and early recognition of the complications in the pacemaker-therapy will furthermore favourably influence the long-term prognosis of this group of patients.


[Epidemiology of myocardial infarction from the obductor's view].

Fibroses of the myocardium are more frequent in both sexes than acute infarctions. Men and women with microinfarctions or fibroses of the myocardium reach an older age than patients with a macroinfarction. Fresh necroses after infarction (as primary infarction or reinfarction) are less frequent in men than old scars after macroinfarctions, but not in women. With 20-30% the number of the quiescent myocardial infarctions is larger than generally is assumed. Men as well as women with old scars after infarction or with old aneurysms of the cardiac wall do not reach an older age than those with a fresh necrosis after infarction. This is explained by the fact that the chance of survival and also the further life expectancy are more favourable for younger patients with infarction than for older ones.


[Examination of persons in contact with plant protection and pest control agents].

It is referred to the great importance of the annual controls of farmers who work with preventive remedies for plants and insecticides. Alone during a two-year control 4-7 per cent of disabled persons and 15-18 percent who needed by all means a control were found. Among the laboratory values, apart from the quantitative determination of cholesterinase, above all the determination of the transaminases, the thymol test and the G-6-PhD stood the test. These examinations must by all means be carried out already before the beginning of the work. The number of persons who have to be controlled must be enlarged. Publications concerning other results hitherto yielded and the consequences which must be derived from this are desirable.


[Familial occurrence of acquired heart valve defect].

A report is given on a family examination, issuing from 213 persons with an acquired valvular defect for the establishment of further cases on altogether 783 relations of the direct line. In 19 families other 21 patients with an acquired valvular defect were found; this corresponds to a share of 2.7 % of the relations examined and 8.1% of the families affected, respectively. The result repays the expenditure and, apart from this, leads to an essential furthering of the confidence between physician, patient and family as the smallest social unity for prophylaxis, diagnostics, therapy and metaphylaxis of chronic diseases.


[Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of subarachnoidal hemorrhage from the viewpoint of emergency medicine].

The subarchnoidal haemorrhage is an acute disease which has a high lethality and, therefore, in every case presents an indication for admission into an intensive-therapeutic department. It often occurs in younger age groups and appears more frequently than is assumed in general. Despite impressive clinical symptoms (suddenly beginning stabbing headache, vomiting and disturbances of consciousness of various degree of severity) the picture of the disease is not exactly diagnosed almost in every case. From 1970 to 1974 we treated 105 patients with subarachnoidal haemorrhages. In this paper is referred to the most important clinical and paraclinical parameters. Diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities are discussed.


[69. Significance of work load electrocardiographic studies with reference to coronarographic findings].

The electrocardiography after work is assumed as an essential diagnostic aid in the evaluation of the chronic ischaemic heart disease. Differences in the diagnostic relevance of the results are related to the test method used. Therefore, comparison with the findings of selective coronary angiography is necessary, though the subject of ECG after work are functional changes, but that of coronary angiography are morphological ones. This study gives the comparison of both methods in 84 patients. In patients with coronary artery construction (greater than 75%) the diagnostic possibilities of ECG after work are limited. With regard to these patients it is pointed out that except of the obstruction of coronary arteries, as it is to be documented by selective coronary angiography, there are several further factors favourising coronary insufficiency, such as diminished perfusion of the peripheral coronary vessels, high levels of catecholamines, metabolic disturbances, diminished oxygen transport capacity or oxygen delivery. This may also explain the relatively low specifity of 60% of the ECG after work in the recognition of obstructive coronary artery disease.


[70. Performance diagnostic studies for the determination of the condition and health risks of managers in comparison with other exposed and inexposed professional workers].

By screening examinations of 1,287 persons fit to work from 9 professions altogether 208 persons of risk were selected who were classified into a group of managers and into a group of workers who were professionally increasedly exposed or demanded and who were-in comparison to a control group-comprehensively after-examined, including complex ergometry. The managers have an increased risk of health by hypertension and cardial ischaemia and at the same time an unfavourable condition. The increasedly exposed or demanded workers have an increased risk by hypertension and bronchitis despite favourable condition. The results confirm the necessity of a prevention of persons from professional and dispositional risk of health according to a graduated health control programme.


[71. Float catheter and pulmonary work load hypertension in mitral valve defects and cor pulmonale].

In patients with mitral valvular defects as well as with chronic cor pulmonale there exists an ascertained relation between the pulmonary-arterial pressure in rest and the increase of blood pressure under easy physical load. Patients with high initial value or strong increase of blood pressure reveal a retarded return of the blood pressure of the pulmonary artery to the initial value.


[Effect of long term treatment with trenimon in chronic progressive polyarthritis].

It is reported on the therapeutic effects with trenimon in patients with rheumatoid arthritis half a year and one year after the end of the treatment. When critically judged the quota of success was 32.5% for the total judgement after half a year. Significant relations dosis-effect could be ascertained only for the parameters of clinical activity up to 1 year and humoral inflammatory signs after half a year. When the therapeutic success is assessed in any case the additional therapeutic expenditure must be taken into consideration. Before the beginning of the therapy there was no ascertained relation between success of therapy and duration of the disease, sex, age, activity and function.


[Identification of Mycobacterium rhodochrous as the causative agent of pericarditis in a small child].

In a child aged 2 5/12 years with a suppurating pericarditis mycobacterium rhodochrous was grown from a blood culture and was regarded as the causative organism of the disease. By means of chemotherapy and surgical measures we succeeded in a complete cure of the process without complications. The problems of microbiological diagnostics, particularly of the taxonomic differentiation of these causative organisms as well the therapy of the infections produced by them are discussed.


[Atrial dissociation].

A case of atrial dissociation is presented and illustrated with electrocardiograms (normal sinus rhythm in the right, partial flutter in the left atrium). The possible mechanisms of dissociation between the atria are commented upon.


[Study of the increased efficacy of heparin due to carbenicillin].

On 15 patients in the in-vitro-experiment the effect of carbenicillin on the collagen-induced aggregation of platelets and the release of the platelet factor 4 neutralising heparin is examined. In a high dosage carbenicillin leads to an inhibition of these platelet functions. Therefore, a combination of carbenicillin with heparin may cause an increased readiness for haemorrhage for the patient.


[Plaque-like form of cutaneous mucinosis (PGM) and reticular erythematous mucinosis (REM syndrome)].

Plaque-like form of cutaneous mucinosis (PCM) (3) and Reticular Erythematous Mucinosis (REM-Syndrome) (5,6). Description of a patient with a transitional condition between REM-Syndrome and PCM (3). This patient is compared with another who had PCM (fig. 7). Both women were successfully treated with the antimalarial drug rhetis.


[Effectiveness of vitamin A acid in diseases of the mouth mucosa: lichen ruber planus, leukoplakias and geographic tongue].

52 patients, with different pattern of oral lichen planus, pre-malignant leukoplakia or geographic tongue, were treated with vitamin A acid. The systemic medication resulted in regression of discrete papules and leukoplakia-like appearance of oral lichen planus. Linear-hypertrophic pattern of the oral mucosa showed distinct involution only by topical administration of vitamin A acid. Also the patients suffering from pre-malignant leukoplakia or geographic tongue partly improved after a vitamin A acid therapy. Systemic side effects were noted after ignoring the tolerance limit (30 mg/day vitamin A acid/3 weeks). Inflammation and occasionally maceration appeared when local treatment was used over 3 weeks. Recurrence was observed in 11 patients.


A modular analyzer system for double antibody radioimmunoassays.

The increasing number of determinations performed by radioimmunoassays necessitates rationalization of the procedures. An analyzer system has been developed in order to fully mechanize double antibody radioimmunoassays, which is essentially composed out of four independently working modules. The samples, in microliter vials, are carried in sample chains of up to 650 links. The first pipetting step is performed by syringes with displacement pistons. Additional reagents are rapidly added by an electronically controlled Hamilton repeating dispenser, which makes shaking procedures for mixing unnecessary. The bound/free separation is achieved discontinuously by use of Nuclepore-filters, which are carried in 3 inches distance (76 mm) by a 35 mm dark leader film. After covering the radioactive filter positions with an adhesive plastic foil from both sides, the film spool is directly inserted into a specially constructed gamma-counter. The results of the evaluation of the efficiency and of the precision of each module are presented in this paper.


[Determination of serum copper by atomic absorption spectrometry (author's transl)].

A simple modification of the atomic absorption method for the determination of serum copper is described, with deproteinization but without incubation at 90 degrees C. The method is characterized by high precision and accuracy, and it is linear throughout the clinically important range.


[Enzymic determination of total serum cholesterol with centrifugal analyzers (author's transl)].

The enzymic determination of total cholesterol described by P. Röschlau (Z. Klin. Chem. Klin. Biochem. 12, 403-407 (1974)) was modified and adapted to the Centrifichem system. The method which requires only 5 mul serum, is accurate, quick and simple. A separate serum blank is not necessary. Compared with the manual method, smaller quantities of reagents used and the resulting decrease in cost are appreciable for large series of analyses. The course of the reaction at 30 and 37 degrees C, the linearity, calibration, precision, recovery, and correlation with the Lieberman-Burchard method and the enzymic manual method are described.


[Determination of clinical chemical parameters in laboratory animals. Report of the workshop conference of the German Society for Clinical Chemistry held in Bad König/Odenwald, Germany, on the 11th and 12th of October 1974 (author's transl)].

Clinical chemical analyses are carried out in many animal experiments performed for medicinal research. For the evaluation of the analytical results fundamentals which have been tried tested and proven in human medicine are still frequently missing, such as reliability criteria, reference values, condition of specimen collecting and the knowledge of other important influences. The workshop conference of the German Society for Clinical Chemistry therefore prepared an inventory, and the most important problems were discussed with examples; guide-lines were worked out for planning, performance and evaluation of clinical chemical investigations on laboratory animals.


Fetal and maternal plasma cortisol levels during labour and after delivery in the human.

In a group of 15 cases the cortisol concentrations were determined in fetal and maternal plasma during labour and after delivery. In maternal plasma the levels were about twice as high as in fetal plasma and rose up to more than 1000 mug/l during labour (x = 639 +/- 222). After delivery the concentrations decreased. In fetal plasma, cortisol increased during labour from x = 173 +/- to x = 276 +/- 75 at the time of delivery and decreased to x = 106 +/- 36 within the first 23 hours. In a second group of 20 cases maternal and umbilical cord blood and blood of the newborn during the first 28 hours after delivery were analyzed. The values were in the same ranges as in the first group. Extremely high maternal levels were not correlated to higher fetal values. The cortisol levels of postmature children did not significantly differ from those of normal babies.


[Enzyme-activities in serum and plasma of man, dog and rat, and the variation of these enzyme activities during storage of the blood].

The following enzymes were determined in the serum and plasma of man, dog and rat: alanine aminotransferase, asparate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. The enzyme assays were performed on an Eppendorf-Enzymautomat 5010 using optimised conditions at 25 degrees C. The enzyme-activities changed by variable amounts during standing of the blood. This concerned mainly lactate dehydrogenase, alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase in the serum of the rat. In human serum and in dog serum, and in the plasma of man, dog and rat this effect was only less pronounced.