[Indicators of bioelectric activity of the myocardium and gas exchange in threshold physical exertion of old patients with ischemic heart diseases].

ECG, pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange were recorded in 36 patients with ischemic heart disease and in 8 practically healthy persons of advanced age bearing a stepwise increasing physical load. In case of an obvious ischemic heart disease the tolerance of physical exertions was found to decline. Under a threshold physical load such patients demonstrate an excess ventilation; a decreased oxygen pulse and a lesser increment of the respiratory quotient, as well as a reduced coefficient of recovery, of the restored oxygen consumption rate, the respiratory rate, minute respiratory volume after exertion. In cases of a possible ischemic heart disease at advanced age the tolerance of physical efforts and a number of spiroergometric indices under a threshold load continue at the same level as in healthy people.


[Mechanisms of development of cardiac insufficiency in old age].

Tests conducted with adult (8--10 months) and old (26--28 months) rats brought evidence that in ageing the cardiac ejection, dp/dt max, contractility index, the ATP concentration, that of creatinophosphate, glycogen, pyruvate decline, the phosphorylation coefficient, the lactate content increase, while the level of water-soluble proteins and collagen diminishes and that of water-insoluble ones decreases. In adult rats hemodynamics and myocardial contractility change but unsignificantly on the 4--6th day after coarctation of the aorta, whereas in the old ones there occur functional and metabolic alterations in the heart that are indicative of a developing cardiac insufficiency. The age-specific differences persist also on the 14--16th day following coarctation of the aorta. During these periods the weight of the heart, the content of the myofribrillary proteins and collagen are on the rise, whereas in the old ones the weight of the heart remains unchanged and the level of water-soluble protein drops. Changes in the properties of the actomyosin complex, disruption of the calcium pump, shifts in the system of the energy generation, limitation of potential possibilities incident to the systems of protein biosynthesis in the myocardial cell, all this leads to the development of cardiac incompetence following loading in old age.


[Gerontological aspects of cardiology].

The growing interest to problems of geriatric cardiology the author associates with considerable demographic shifts (an increased proportion of th elderly people within the structure of the population); a clearer idea as to the part played by age-specific changes in an ageing organism in the development of the circulatory pathology; and with the need to take account of clinical peculiarities common to diseases involving the cardiovascular system in persons of advanced and senile age, of features specific for their therapy and prevention. The research trends along which geriatric cardiology develops are analyzed; basic data on age-specific changes and their relation with developing pathology of the cardiovascular system, obtained in animal experiments and observations of practically healthy subjects of advanced and senile age are discussed.


[Characteristics of diagnosis and clinical course of rheumatic heart defects in middle- and old age].

In 56 patients aged over 60 years features peculiar to the diagnosis and the course of rheumatic heart diseases were studied. Clinical and laboratory findings, those of roentgenoscopy and roentgenography of the heart, as well as of electro- and phonocardiography were used. In 35 lethal cases clinico-anatomic comparisons and histological investigation were made for elucidating the activity of the rheumatic process. In persons aged over 60 the relapses of rheumatism have been found to be of rare occurrence and rheumatic affections run a course without any marked hypertension in the lesser circulation and become complicated by cardiac insufficiency no sooner than many years after establishiment fo the diagnosis. In individuals older than 60 an active rheumatic process according to histological investigations and the authors occurs in 14.3 per cent of the cases.


[Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome].

A rare case of the congenital cardiological syndrome of Jervell and Lange-Nielsen in a 6-year old boy is analyzed. A literature survey of the clinical picture, treatment of and prognosis in this and related to it the Romano-Ward syndrome is given.


[Etiology of bacterial endocarditis in patients with congenital heart defects].

In 90 patients with various congenital heart diseases complicated by bacterial endocarditis multiple inoculations of the blood were practised. In 14 patients microbial cultures were planted postmortem with vegetation on the endocardium, valves and also from the thrombi in the cardiac chambers and from the spleen. In 42.3 per cent of the cases a growth of microorganisms was recorded; a relation between the frequency of the microbial growth and the severity of endocarditis could be then noted. Among the planted microorganisms it was Staphylococcus albus that prevailed and this prompted the authors to consider it to be one of the principal causative agents of bacterial endocarditis in congenital heart diseases at this time. A significant proportion of the isolated microorganisms showed low sensitivity to most antibiotics. A relative frequency of negative hemocultures may be due to the use of antibiotics, the presence of forms "fruste" and indolent of endocarditis, a great variety of causative agents (including 1-forms of the bacteria) and to localization of endocardial lesions to the right heart chambers.


[Clinical course, diagnosis and surgical treatment of congenital aortic stenosis].

In 39 patients aged from 2 1/2 to 35 years the results of surgical treatment of congenital aortic stenosis are analyzed. Electro-, phonocardiographic and roentgenological findings along with those obtained through catheterization of the left cardiac chambers prior to surgery are described in detail. All these patients were divided into 3 groups, depending upon extent of deranged hemodynamics. The 1st group included 10 persons with a moderate aortic stenosis. The systolic gradient between the left ventricle and the aorta did not exceed in them 30 mm Hg. The 2nd group counted 20 patients with a well-marked aortic stenosis and a systolic pressure gradient between 30 and 80 mm HG. The 3d group embraced 9 patients with an acute aortic stenosis. Here the systolic gradient was in excess of 80 mm Hg. Surgery was performed in 35 patients under a moderate hypothermia and with extracorporeal circulation. Thirteen (33.3 per cent) patients died during surgery and in the post-operative period.


[Electrocardiographic diagnosis of patent ductus atrio-ventricularis].

The paper deals with the diagnosis of defective development of the patent ductus atrioventricularis. Electrocardiographic changes in 81 patients with firmly established hemodynamic form of the patent ductus atrioventricularis, ascertained during surgery and catheterization, are summarized. Characteristic electrocardiographic signs of the defect distinguishing it from other congenital diseases and differential-diagnostic symptoms of diverse anatomo-hemodynamic forms of the patent ductus atrioventricularis were educed.


[Presence of the blood depot in orthostatic position and after physical exertion].

In healthy individuals and in patients with essential hypertension in the orthostatic position and on physical effort an insignificant reduction in the volume of the circulating blood and of the packed cell volume were in evidence; this being due to the outflow of the liquid part of the blood into the tissues. Even in instances of a well-marked orthostatic hypotonia, during medication with sympatholytic agents in particular, the circulating blood volume in the orthostatic position does not show any significant change. The results obtained by the authors and an analysis of the published data suggest that all of the blood is in circulation with none of it being repository or leaving the depot either in the orthostatic position or on physical effort.


Hemigonadectomy-induced unilateral changes in the protein-synthesizing activity of the rat hypothalamic arcuate nucleus.

The effect of unilateral ovariectomy on the protein-synthesizing activity of the hypothalamic arcuate and dorsomedial nucleus on both sides was studied in vivo as well as in vitro. Four weeks after the removal of 1 ovary, there was a significant increase in labelled amino acid incorporated into the arcuate neurons contralateral to the removed ovary as compared to those incorporated into the nerve cells of the nucleus on the ipsilateral side. In the dorsomedial nucleus, there was no difference between the 2 sides. On the basis of the present findings, the existence of a neural pathway between the ovary and the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus is assumed.


Temporal effects of fornix transection on brain tryptophan hydroxylase activity and plasma corticosterone levels.

The effect of fornix transection on plasma corticosterone and on midbrain (MID), septum/preoptic (S/POA) or hippocampal (HIP) tryptophan hydroxylase activity (THA) was studied in adult male rats. A mild stress resulted in higher levels of plasma corticosterone in operated as compared to sham-operated rats 6 and 40 h post-transection; however, at 30 days post-operation no difference was found. The response of THA to fornix transection was region-specific. No significant change in the S/POA region was found at any time. THA in the HIP, a terminal area of 5-HT fibers, showed a progressive fall over time to values 80% below normal levels. This result suggests that most of the 5-HT fibers to the HIP had been severed. A 28 h half-life for HIP THA was calculated. THA in the MID, an area known to contain the majority of 5-HT cell bodies with ascending fibers, was significantly reduced compared to sham controls at 6 h, 40 h, and 8 days post-transection. However, at 30 days post-operation no difference was found. The depression in MID THA by its rapid onset, the distance from the fornix transection site, and its return to normal after 30 days, is thought to be due to a transneuronal effect on the serotonin-containing neurons in MID raphe. The fall in MID THA at a time when plasma corticosterone levels are increased in fornix-transected rats may be compared with the situation in normal, stressed and adrenalectomized rats where MID THA andplasma corticosterone levels change in the same direction. The data suggest that the glucocorticoid effects on MID 5-HT containing neurons are mediated transneuronally through the hormone concentrating cells in the HIP.


In vivo nuclear 3H-estradiol binding in brain areas of the rat: reduction by endogenous and exogenous androgens.

In vivo specific nuclear binding of [2, 4, 6, 7 (n)-3H]estradiol (3H-E2) as indicated by diethylstilbestrol (DES)-blockable radioactivity, was measured 1 h after injection in adult intact male, untreated and testosterone propionate (TP)-pretreated or 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-pretreated gonadectomized (GDX) male and female rats. There was no sex difference in specific 3H-E2 binding in brain areas and anterior pituitary (PIT) of untreated GDX animals. DHT pretreatment had no effect on binding in any tissue. Specific nuclear binding in the preoptic area-anterior hypothalamus (POA-AH), median eminence-basal hypothalamus (ME-BH), amygdala (AMYG), septum (SEP), and dorsal hypothalamus (DH) was lower in intact males and TP-pretreated GDX males and females than in untreated GDX animals. Uptake in the PIT was not affected by TP pretreatment or by the presence of the testes, suggesting that the reduction in nuclear 3H-E2 binding observed in other tissues was caused by competition by estradiol formed in situ from TP or endogenous androgens for nuclear binding sites. Thus, the reduction in 3H-E2 uptake caused by the presence of TP or the testes could be used to estimate the degree of aromatization that occurred in these brain areas. In males, specific nuclear binding of 3H-E2 was reduced by the presence of the testes by 60-70% in the POA-AH and AMYG, by 30-40% in the ME-BH and SEP and by 0-20% in the DH. After s.c. administration of 1 mg/kg TP in GDX males, the amount of estrogen formed after 1,5 h in these same tissues approximated that present in the steady state in intact males. This suggests that, in the intact adult male rat, a high percent of estradiol nuclear binding sites in some brain areas is normally occupied by the products of aromatization.


[Changes in the erythrocyte membrane during blood preservation. Influence of progesterone].

Modifications of the erythrocyte membrane during blood conservation are studied. The functional condition of the membrane was observed by means of the biosynthesis of lecithines; modifications occurring at the level of the composition of the membrane proteins were then looked for. The study has been carried out on fresh blood and on blood stroed for 8 days, 15 days, 29 days and 43 days. Another series of assays has been done on stored blood in the presence of progesterone after the  same conservation periods. The metabolic activity of the membrane, in the lecithine biosynthesis is studied by measuring the incorporation of fatty acid in the lysolecithines when the membrane is incubated in the presence of linoleic acid or [14] palmitic acid and coenzyme A, or in the presence of [14C] palmitoyl coenzyme A. Variations have been observed during blood conservation: the incorporation or radioactive fatty acid increases during the first 15 days of conservation, then it decreases to a value nearing the original value after 43 days. When the blood is stored in the presence of progesterone (1,6 mumole/1) a more stable incorporation of the fatty acid is observed; variations during conservation are weaker than without progesterone. Membrane proteins have been studied by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel after solubilisation by sodium dodecyl sulfate. The intensity of protein zones after coloring, decreases during conservation especially in proteins with a high molecular weight. A quantitative study has been made by chromatography on Sephadex G200 of dansylated proteins with a fluorimetric dosage. In the presence of progesterone, the decrease of the rate of proteins with a high molecular weight is weaker. Therefore, progesterone is proved to allow a better conservation of erythrocyte membrane proteins. As a conclurion, the results of these works show a positive action of progesterone on the erythrocyte membrane during blood conservation.


[The role of immigration in the geographic distribution of the HBs antigen].

The study of HBs antigen frequency among almost 130 000 donors,--according to their place of birth--,shows a significantly higher frequency among foreign residents. The general frequency represents the arithmetic average between that of natives and that of foreign residents. The distribution of ad and ay subtypes is analogous to that observed in the different native countries.


[Family diffusion of HBs antigen].

Systematic investigation for HBs antigen and for HBs antibody in donors carrying HBs antigen evidenced a familial contamination more important in children and first cousins than in husband and wife which confirm various previous studies. Moreover, daughters and sisters of antigen carriers show an abnormaly high antigen frequency and especially an abnormally low antibody frequency.


[Hepatitis B and ratio of masculinity].

Among families of blood donors from Languedoc, found to be chronic carriers of HBs antigens, the masculinity ratio of the siblings (number of boys compared to number of girls) calculated on 303 individuals is significantly higher (1,32) than that of the general population (1,05). This rise is still increased when considering only the families where the viral infection is present in the mother (1,73), whereas it is very low when in the father (1,09).


[Age and sex of chronic carriers of HBs antigen among 130,000 blood donors].

The frequency of HBs antigen, using radioimmunology is studied in blood donors from Languedoc (70.894 men and 60.760 women are tested, between 18 and 60 years old). The frequency in man is found to be 0,6 %, except between 20 and 30 years whereas it reaches 1,0 %; the frequency in woman is 0,4 % except between 18 and 36 years where it is 0,4 %.


[Diethylhexyl phthalate in plastic bags and glass bottles for blood preservation].

The amount of di-(-2 ethyl hexyl) phtalate (D.E.H.P.) is measured in the liquid contained in plastic bags or glass bottles for blood storage. Comparisons between the results show that D.E.H,P. has an equal level in plastic and glass container liquid except for one blood packs series. Particular attention has been paid to obtain solvents and glassware free from D.E.H.P., and to the specificity and the sensitivity of the detection method: a mass fragmentographic technic has been used.


[Changes in the protein content and their amino acid makeup in the muscles in feeding rats corn with an increased lysine content].

The biochemical indexes of the rat muscles  were studied as affected by maize with a higher content of lysin. It is shown that a month after an increase in the body weight and mass of muscles are more pronounced in the rats which were fed maize with a higher content of lysin. The latter, evidently, is due to an increase in the content of sarcoplasmatic proteins, RNA, as well as macroergic compounds, ATP and creatine phosphate, in the muscle of the animals under experiment. The qualitive composition of muscles proteins changes in these animals. A rated gain in essential amino acids is observed as compared to the control group. Hence the feeding of the maize with a higher content of lysin to animals may increase the feed value of meat products.


[Characteristics of the DNA of active sludge adapted to various carbon sources].

Some characteristic are presented for DNA of active sludge adapted to domestic waste, diethylene glycol, mannitol and glycerol. A significant shift towards CG-type is found for the nucleotide composition of the DNA of active sludge adapted to glycerol and mannitol. The fusion curves for DNA of the active sludge evidence for the presence of some totality of molecules in it. In case of the diethylene glycol adapted active sludge DNA fusion two transitions are observed corresponding to 37.8 and 68.2 mol.% of GC-pairs, that may be explained by bimodality in distribution of the number of species of the free-living bacteria according to the DNA nucleotide composition. The fusion curves for DNA of the active ooze adapted to domestic waste, mannitol and glycerol has no clearly pronounced transitions, that may be explained by the presence of other groups of microorganisms in these sludges, besides bacteria. Heterogeneity of DNA relative to the nucleotide composition with transition to a single source of carbon decreases in the series: initial active sludge greater than active sludge adapted to mannitol greater than glycerol greater than diethylene glycol.


[Action of acid cathepsins on the myosin and sarcoplasmic proteins of normal and denervated rat muscles].

The activity of acid cathepsins in extracts of the healthy and denervated rat muscles was determined, using the proper and homologous sarcoplasmic proteins and myosin as substrates. Splitting of the sarcoplasmic proteins produces a 50% increase and that of myosin produces a 110% increase in the activity of acid cathepsins of the denervated muscles as compared to that of healthy ones. Substrates isolated from the healthy and denervated muscles are splitted by acid cathepsins with the same intensity.


[Effect of glutamate on the trace element content in the mitochondria of the liver, heart and kidneys of rats with acute and chronic hypoxia].

Acute hypoxia ("height" 8000 metres, 60 minutes) decreases concentration of copper, zinc and magnesium in mitochondria of the liver, kidney, that of copper and magnesium decreases in the heart. Chronic hypoxia ("height" 6000 metres, 6 hours a day for 2 weeks) also causes a decrease in the concentration of copper, zinc and magnesium in mitochondria of the liver, kidney and that of copper and magnesium--in the heart. Glutamic acid (acute and chronic hypoxia) increases the level of copper, zinc and magnesium in mitochondria of the liver, heart and kidney of albino rats which is close to its values in the normal animals.


[Characteristics of the label incorporation from 2-14C-glycine into the tissues of animals of differing ages].

Peculiarities of 14C incorporation into proteins and lipids of the liver, kidneys, heart and muscles tissues as well as blood serum and protein-free filtrates of tissues were studied in young and old rats in different periods after glycin-2-14C administration. It is shown that incorporation of 14C into the tissue of young rats as well as its evacuation from the organism is more rapid. At the same time a change in dynamics of the precursors content in individual organs of animals of both age groups is of indirected character. A conclusion is drawn that acceleration of the radioactive label evacuation due to a more rapid exchange--ability of proteins in the young animals tissues might be one of the reasons of discrepancy between a higher level of radioactivity in the tissues of old rats and a total decrease in the intensity of metabolism during ontogenesis.


[Glucose content in the tissues of susliks and rats of different ages under hypothermia].

A short-term cooling of adult rats and gophers up to 30, 25 and 20 degrees C is accompanied by a rise of the glucose level in blood. No dependence is found between lowering the body temperature drop and degree of glycaemia. Prolongation of hypothermia of 30 and 20 degrees C up to 3 h causes (as compared to the control) a decrease in the glucose amount in blood of gophers but not in the rats. The cooling of the eye-opening, month and adult rats up to 20 degrees C is accompanied by a significant increase in the content of glucose in the brain and skeletal muscles. Simultaneously in the eye-opening and adult animals, contrary to the month ones, the level of glucose in the liver and blood rises. The content of glucose in the brain of the normothermal gophers (61.2 mg.) is 3,4 times as high as in the rat brain. At all the studied stages of artificial hypothermia as well as at 15 and 30-day hibernation (5 degrees C) the amount of glucose of the gopher brain remains at a relatively high level (41.6-101.5 mg%).


[Content of the nonsaponifying substances in crystalline fructosediphosphate aldolase from the muscles of rabbits normally and in atherosclerosis].

The non-saponifying fraction was found in highly purified crystalline preparations of fructose diphosphate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13). The amount of the non-saponifying substance in the aldolase of intact animals is different and depends not only on the degree of the enzyme purification. In the experiments when the non-saponifying residue was added to the incubation mixture it was found to produce no effect on the aldolase activity with the presence of fructose-1,6-diphosphate and fructose-1-phosphate. A decrease is observed in the activity of the crystalline preparations during their storage for four months which depends directly on the amount of the non-saponifying fraction in these preparations. The amount of the non-saponifying fraction in equally purified preparations of aldolase with experimental atherosclerosis is twice as low as compared to the norm. The non-saponifying residues of the fructose-diphosphate aldolase muscular preparations in the norm and with experimental atherosclerosis consist of two components, one of them being cholesterol, the chemical nature of the other component is not the same in the norm and with atherosclerosis.


[Dielectric permeability and the specific resistance of a freshly obtained myelin preparation].

The article deals with dispersion of dielectric constant and specific resistance of myelin obtained by the Autilio method from white substance of the cattle brain within frequency range of 90 Hz-100 kHz at a temperature of 20 degrees C as well as with instability of these parameters for 60 min at frequencies of 110, 10(3) and 10(4) Hz. Myelin has an extremely high dielectric constant, which might be due to the presence of water and a macromolecular structure. The result of the measurements are of interest when comparing and adding some details to the data of the microelectrode studies.


[Changes in the primary structure of rabbit muscle aldolase under the influence of valine against a background of prolonged fasting].

The primary structure of the muscle aldolase molecule was studied as affected by semilethal doses of valine administered the abdominal cavity of the rabbits after a long fasting. It is established that in spite of differences in the amino acid composition of the protein, uniformity of the peptides distribution in the process of bromo-cyanogen fragments elution and the total amount of amino acid residues in the identical fragments are maintained. Changes are found only in the point-replacements by amino acids in C-fragment of the molecule (asparagine is replaced by valine and threonine by serine).


[Modification of the carboxyl and amine groups of the cellulolytic enzymes of Aspergillus awamori].

The activity and stability of some enzymes of Asp. awamori cellulolytic complex were studied as affected by chemical modification of carboxylic groups with N,N'-dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCCD) and amine groups with glutaric aldehyde. The carboxylic groups are established to be necessary for manifestation of the activities of C1- and C2-cellulases, Cx-exo- and Cx-endoglucanases. Their role is negligible in the action of beta-glucosidase. The activity of individual cellulases was studied as affected by nucleophilic substitution of DCCD-activated COOH-groups by various reagents (glycine amide, leucine amide, tyrosine amide and N-benzoyl-l-arginine-methyl ether-hydrochloride). Tyrosine amide is the least inacting reagent for all the enzymes, glycine amide is somewhat more activating. Essential differences are shown in the chemical and catalytic properties of Cx-exoglucanase and beta-glucosidase. It is found (under the effect of glutaric aldehyde) that amino groups are significant for manifestation of the activities of C1- and C2-cellulases and Cx-endoglucanase and to a less extent for that of Cs-exoglucanase and beta-glucosidase. It is supposed that electrostatic interactions of the carbolytic and amine groups might be an essential factor for stability of C1- and C2-cellulases and Cx-endoglucanase.


[Intensity of carbon dioxide fixation in the tissues of carp depending on the environmental temperature].

According to the level of carbon dioxide fixation at the incubation temperature at 20 degrees C the organs under study are arranged as follows: liver, kidneys, glandular system of gills, spleen, myocardium, gastrointestinal tract, skeletal muscles. 20 degrees C is the most optimal temperature for the processes of carboxylation in the fish.


[Serotonin formation in the hypothalamus of thyroidectomized rats under the influence of exogenous somatotropin].

The content of serotonin in hypothalamus of thyroidectomized rats is twice as low on the 5th day and twice as high on the 14th day after the operation as in the intact animals. Specific radioactivity of serotonin after subarachnoid administration of tryptophan-14C an hour before killing is twice as high on the 5th day and twice as low on the 14th day. Exogenous somatotropin prevents from the mentioned changes on the 5th day. A conclusion is drawn that the changes in serotonin metabolism in the hypothalamus of rats after thyroidectomy is mainly determined by the changes in the level of somatotropin in the organism.


[Oxidative free radical processes and bioantioxidants during viral carcinogenesis].

The changes in biochemiluminescence intensity of tissue homogenates, tissue lipids as well as the values of the antioxidative activity of the free-radical processes regulators, bioantioxidants of lipids, and their antiradical activity were studied in viral carcinogenesis induced by Moloney's oncornavirus. Kinetics of biochemiluminescence of muscles homogenates and muscular tissue tumours (Moloney's sarcoma) and that of chemiluminescence of total lipids extracted from the muscular and tumour tissue were studied as well. A sharp increase in the intensity of lipids biochemiluminiscence and decrease in the tissue homogenates biochemiluminiscence were observed during the period of progressive tumour growth on the 6-8 days following introduction of the virus. At the same time the values of the antioxidative activity and antiradical activity of the tissue lipids bioantioxidants were minimal. Results of this investigation suggest that the expenditure of bioantioxidants are rather active during the period of progressive tumour growth. The regularities of the changes in biochemiluminescence intensity in the muscle tissue homogenates with viral carcinogenesis cannot be explained exceptionally by an increase in the amount of bioantioxidants in the tumour tissue lipids. Evidently the peculiarities of lipid-protein interactions might play an essential role in the mentioned process.


[Sterol content of rabbit erythrocyte membranes normally and in atherosclerosis].

The sterol composition of erythrocyte membranes was studied in norm and under experimental atherosclerosis. It is shown that in the normal animals the content of cholesterol in the membranes increases with age and practically reaches a relatively constant value by 5-6 months. In the experimental animals being on the atherogenic diet the amount of cholesterol in the membranes a month later is practically identical to the control. 5-6 months after the experiment the content of cholesterol in the membranes decreases as compared to the norm by 38 and 65%, respectively. On the basis of the IR- and UV-spectra one may suppose that with atherosclerosis in the C27-sterol fraction besides cholesterol, there appears sterol containing C=O-group, the mutual orientation of which relative to the neighbouring functional group is different as compared in the norm. The deepest changes in the qualitative composition of erythrocyte membranes is observed 5-6 months later when there appears some products of cholesterol or its precursor transformation. Such a modification of the sterol composition causes a change in the membrane permeability.


[Electrofocusing of immunoglobulin G that reacts positively in the sedimentation reaction for cancer].

Immunoglobulin G from the serum of patients with myeloma and positively reacting in the sedimentary test for cancer (PPR-STC) was purified by DEAE-Spehadex A-50 and KM-cellulose chromotography and studied by the method of isoelectrofocusing; Application of 1% ampholine within the pH gradient 3.0-10.0 shows the difference between the isoelectric spectra of immunoglobulin G from the donor and from a patient with myeloma. The PPR-STC isoelectric point located in the zone of pH 8.4 is determined. No subfraction with pH 8.4 is observed in the fraction of the donor immunoglobulin G.


[Separation of adenohypophysis hormones by electrophoresis on a dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel].

Zones of somatotropin, prolactin and subunits of adenohypophysis glycoproteid hormones are identified in dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel after electrophoretic separation of these hormones in the tris-acetate system; The method is suitable for a quantitative determination of somatotropin and prolactin in adenohypophysis.


[Hydrolysis of insoluble bone collagen by crystalline alpha-amylase from Aspergillus oryzae].

The paper deals with hydrolysis of bone collagen thrice recrystallized alpha-amylase. The enzyme action was estimated by the amount of released glycopeptides, free carbohydrates, alpha-amine groups and total nitrogen in the soluble part of the hydrolyzate. The protease admixture in the alpha-amylase preparation was found by means of the Aspergillus oryzae protease. The data obtained testify to the fact that hydrolysis of collagen under the effect of crystalline alpha-amylase occurs only due to the protease admixture in the amylolitic preparation. When an attempt was made to obtain acid-soluble collagen from bone insoluble collagen previously treated with the alpha-amylase preparation, it was found that under these conditions bone collagen, as distinct from skin collagen, is not solubilized in diluted acetic acid.


[Effect of rations with a varying content of polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamins on the state of the small intestine in respect of age].

Groups of young sexually mature and old albino rats were kept for three months on 4 isocaloric rations, viz. balanced, with reduced proportion of essential fatty acids or group 'B' vitamins and with simultaneous curtailment of fatty acids and vitamins. With vitamin deficiency there was a certain derangement in the structure and function of the small intestine, especially in older animals. A shortage of essential fatty acids impaired the condition of the small intestine only in old animals. In cases of concurrent deficiency of vitamins and essential fatty acids maximal changes in both young and old animals were in evidence.


[Concept of labile protein and the adaptation of nitrogen metabolism in protein deficiency in man].

Investigations involving 30 healthy males, who for 45 days consumed standard semisynthetic diets differing in the caseine content (from 0 to 15.1 g of nitrogen per day) and serving as a sole source of protein, furnished data on the nitrogen excretion kinetics and nitrogen balance. Mathematical analysis of these data allowed it to find the existence of general regularity in the nitrogen excretion and to deduce an integral equation of its losses at different levels of nitrogen consumption. Pertinent calculations have ascertained that by the labile protein one should understand not the specific proportion of the total protein in the organism, but the actual rate of its metabolism, manifesting itself in the routine lag-phase during adaptation of the nitrogen metabolism to a new level of the protein allowances in the organism. The data thus made available permitted it, at the same time, to propose a criterion for estimating the optimal requirements of man in proteins.


[Effect of the feeding frequency on protein metabolism in the skeletal muscles and liver of white rats].

A comparative investigation into the influence of 3 and 5 times a day feeding on the protein metabolism in the skeletal muscles and liver of albino rats was carried out. The dietary regimen with a greater frequency of feeding was found to be consonant with a higher concentration of total aminonitrogen and with a number of essential amino acids, as well as with a higer activity of asparate-aminotransferase in the study tissues. Along with this, there occurs a more intensive incorporation of radioactive leucine in the total proteins and basic proteinic fractions of the skeletal muscles and also augments specific radioactivity of the poly-A-containing informative RNA in polysomes and is in evidence shifting the ribosomal spectrum toward formation of polysomal complexes. The activation of proteinosynthesis observed with increasing frequency of feeding may be ascribed to a more uniform diurnal supply of nutrients to the organism.


[Effect of a glutamate and glutamine excess on the nucleic acid content of the spleen cell nuclei in rats].

In tests conducted with albino rats subject to investigation was the effect of sodium glutamate, or glutamine, daily introduced into the stomach in doses of 300 and 150 mg/kg, on the nucleic acids content in the splenic cell nuclei. All the animals taken in the experiment demonstrated a clearcut quantity of nucleonic RNA. By using a maximum dose of sodium glutamate and minimal one of glutamine a rise in the amount of DNA occurs in the nuclei of the splenic cells.


[Distribution of 14C-nicotinic acid in the organs of white rats with a prolonged protein and choline deficit].

In animals receiving for 12 months a ration deficiency of protein and choline distribution of 14C-nicotinic acid among their organs was determined. In the distribution 14C-nicotinic acid in the organs of the control and test groups of the animals no difference was in evidence.


[Protective action of sulfur-containing compounds in acrylonitrile poisoning].

Experiments staged on rats evidenced that from among sulfur-containing amino acids (methionine, cystine and cysteine) and sodium thiosulfate it was cysteine that displayed a pronounced prophylactic and therapeutic effect in acute mortal poisonings with acrylic acid nitrile.


[Comparative biological value of low-protein diets with individual amino acid supplements].

The biological value of low-protein rations was distinctly increased following their enrichment in lysine, methionine, cystine, sodium and potassium glutamate, both individually and in a mixture. The additves under study helped mitigate destruction of the bone marrow cells and stabilize factors reflecting the immunobiological reactivity for the organism.


[Effect of copper on iron metabolism in the body of gastrogenic anemia patients].

In 40 patients suffering from gastrogenic anemia subject to study were the iron content in the daily ration, iron excretion with feces, as well as the level of the serumal iron, the whole blood copper, the number of erythrocytes and the blood hemoglobin level both before the treatment and at different stages of the therapy, 6 mg of copper per day included in the diet. The iron was determined after Henry (1958) and copper after L.N. Lapin (1957). The data obtained indicate that following a regular taking of copper there increases the iron retention in the organism of the patients, this phenomenon being attended by a falling concentration of copper in the whole blood and a rising level of the serumal iron, hemoglobin and an increase in the number of erythrocytes in the peripheral blood. These data confirm the fact of physiological synergism between copper and iron in the organism, including that in the organism of patients with gastrogenic anemia.


[Effect of qualitatively varying nutrition on the histological structure of the liver of pregnant rats in experimental toxic hepatitis].

The effect of rations with differing proportions of protein, 20, 25, 30 and 40 per cent in calorific value, and group B vitamins on the structure of the liver was studied in 40 pregnant rats with experimental affection of the liver and in 10 control animals. Histological and electron microscopic investigations were conducted. Diets containing 25 and 30 per cent protein and a double amount of group B vitamins were noted to help restore the structure of the hepatic tissue in pregnant rats with toxic hepatitis. The diet containing 30 per cent of protein produces the optimal normalizing effect.


[Study of the composition of killer whale meat as a source of balanced proteins].

Investigations have shown the proteins of the Orca meat to consist largely of complete water-salt and alkaline-soluble fractions and of an insignificant amount of connective-tissue proteins. The proteins of the Orca meat contain all the amino acids, including essential ones. The lysine and histidine content there in is 1.5 times as high in the proteins of beef. The completeness of the amino acids composition of Orca meat proteins enables it to utilize this raw material for obtaining valuable food products in the form of concentrates or hydrolysates.


[Iron, copper and molybdenum metabolism under different conditions of ultraviolet irradiation].

The paper carries information on the influence exerted by different conditions of ultraviolet radiation on the metabolism of copper, molibdenum and iron. The results made available showed that prophylactic doses of UV-irradiation (100-400 microerg/cm2 per day) reduced elimination of copper and iron from the organism; made for their mobilization from the repository (liver), led to their higher level in hemopoietic and other organs and improved blood formation. The UV-deficit and UV-excess led to a poorer utilization of copper and iron by the organism. Under corresponding climatic conditions it is necessary, therefore, to raise the iron and copper content in the diurnal food ration.


[Vitamin B12 and C accumulation in the organs and tissues of laying hens administered ascorbic acid in their diet].

An addition to the basic ration of laying hens of the white leghorn breed of 0.1 to 2.0 g of ascorbic acid per 100 g of fodder raised the ascorbic acid content in the kidneys, heart and comminuted meat of the test animals. Feeding on ascorbic acid contributed to a higher content of the vitamin B12 in comminuted meat and in the egg yolk, this bearing evidence to the existance of an interrelation between the vitamins B12 and C.


[Change in the sugar content in oaten products, buckwheat and rice groats during their heat processing by cooking].

The sugar content in the grits and in a gruel cooked with samples of oats and buckwheat subjected to hydrothermal treatment under different conditions and also in the oat flour, a product of baby and dietetic nutrition, was quantified. Hydrothermal processing results in significant changes occurring individual sugars of the grit. During culinary treatment these changes are levelled out, but in the end the level of virtually all types of sugar is higher in the gruel cooked with hydrothermally treated grit than in that prepared with initial, untreated grit. The oats flour is distinguished by a high glucose, maltose, fructose and saccharose content. A fall of the reducing sugars level coming as a result of thermal and culinary treatment is explained by their participating in the reaction of melanoidine formation. On the other hand, a rise in their content under rigorous conditions and in the production of oat flour is due to the starting of the starch hydrolysis.


[Effect of various fat products on the bile makeup and blood level of cholesterol].

In test conducted on rats kept for 60 days on a complete standard ration that included one of the fat varieties (sunflower, cotton oils, butter, mutton fat, margarine) a hypocholesterolemic effect of the diet with sunflower oil was recorded, which was attended by an increased excretion of bile acids and cholesterol in the bile. With the rats fed on a low-protein or fat-rich rations that included sunflower oil (30 and 60 per cent, respectively) a marked change in the ratio between the bile acids and cholesterol, in favour of the latter, was noted.


Studies on lipolytic system of human placenta, blood lipids and lipid mobilizing activity in pregnant women and newborns.

Lipolytic activity of human placenta and lipid mobilizing activity (LMA), free fatty acids (FFA) as well as esterified fatty acid (EFA) levels in serum of pregnant women in different periods of pregnancy and in newborn's serum were studied. Lipolytic activity of human placenta is low in the first trimester of pregnancy and increases in samples examined after delivery. The levels of FFA and EFA in blood of pregnant women are significantly increased in the second and third trimester of pregnancy. The newborn's blood lipid level is significantly lower than that in the mother's blood. Lipid mobilizing activity in serum of pregnant women increases especially in the third trimester of pregnancy and is also high in newborn's blood. This may indicate that fatty acids released from newborn's adipose tissue are metabolized as a source of energy.


Lipid mobilizing activity in the blood of obese patients during prolonged fasting.

Lipid mobilizing activity is lowered in the serum of obese patients. During short-term fasting, this activity increases in non-obese subjects. The present study was concerned with the changes in lipid mobilizing activity in the blood of obese patients during prolonged fasting, and with the behavior of esterified and free fatty acids. Serum levels of free fatty acids in the control subjects were significantly lower than in the obese women. During a 14-day period of complete fasting, levels of free fatty acids increased in all cases. In non-obese subjects this was accompanied by a significant rise in lipid mobilizing acitivity, but in obese subjects no significant change took place in this activity. The findings indicate that high levels of free fatty acids in obese persons during fasting are caused by inhibition of their esterification.


Blast transformation induced by spermatozoa.

Human lymphocytes cultured for 3-8 days in the presence of autologous or allogenic spermatozoa undergo blast transformation. Possible mechanisms of the response are discussed.


Circular dichroism studies on DNA condensed in NaCl cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide solutions.

It is shown by means of circular dichroism studies of variously condensed forms of DNA that the specific supramolecular structure of DNA determines the type of CD spectra. DNA, condensed (crystallized) slowly in the presence of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide yields a spectrum very similar to that of DNA in solution in the B-form. The condensates appear in the phase-contrast microscope as spherulitic crystallites. Rapidly condensed DNA in the presence of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide shows a spectrum of the psi-type with large negative ellipticites. The influence of condensation velocity upon the supramolecular structure of DNA gives evidence that the various condensation forms of DNA are not thermodynamical equilibrium conformations.


[Determination of the rate of microthrombosis in experimentally induced disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)].

A procedure is described for the determination of the rate of microthrombosis in rats. It is based on the quantitative estimation of I125-fibrin deposits by measurement of the accumulated radioactivity in the organs after substitution of blood.


Studies on the loss of sensitivity in smooth muscle.

Specificity of desensitization effect was investigated at guinea pig ileum using the desensitizing agonists acetylcholine, carbachol, histamine, and serotonine. The desensitization with acetylcholine markedly diminished the contraction effects to test doses of all tested agonists. Contrary to acetylcholine, the histamine desensitization is mainly specific, the serotonine desensitization is a complete specific effect. A different influence of the tested agonists on intracellular ions is discussed.


Influence of prostaglandins upon adenosine release and of adenosine upon prostaglandin release in the isolated rabbit heart.

Prostaglandin (PG) E1 with its high effect of coronary dilation causes a distinct increase in the adenosine release from the isolated rabbit heart (Langendorff technique). Compared to this, an equal dose of PGF2alpha increases the release of adenosine only to a small extent. Conversely, application of adenosine results in a considerable release of PG-like substances from the rabbit heart in vitro. The present investigations support the hypothesis that, apart from adenosine, PG's too, are involved in coronary regulation as modulators.


Proteins of animal ribosomes. XXV. Proteins of rat liver ribosomes protected by polyuridylic acid from methyl acetimidate substitution.

Addition of poly(U) to complexes of 40S and 60S subunits of rat liver ribosomes decreases the substitution of amino groups of 12 proteins of the small ribosomal subunit and of 11 proteins of the large subunit by [14C]-methyl acetimidate. When comparing the results obtained with this amino group specific reagent with the reactivity of the proteins against iodoacetamide it becomes obvious that 4 proteins of the small ribosomal subunit (S12, 18, 19, 24) and 3 proteins of the large one (L20, 22, 25) are partially protected by poly(U) against reaction with both reagents.


[Kinetic properties of enzymes in particular of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase following their adsorption on polyaminomethylstyrene].

The adsorption of 8 enzymes to polyaminomethylstyrene was studied. While lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase exhibit a relatively low affinity to the carrier, alcohol dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase and urease were found to form stabile complexes with the polymer that are enzymatically active. Adsorbed urease and beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, are still active after several weeks; the other preparations lose their activity soon. It can be shown by the example of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase that the activity loss following adsorption is caused possibly by a process of reorientation of already bound enzyme molecules or by the increasing enzyme coverage of the carrier, with the active centres becoming more and more inaccessible for the substrate. During the substrate conversion catalysed by the alcohol dehydrogenase-polyaminomethylstyrene complex, a small amount of the enzyme is again detached from the carrier. The activity rises to a certain extent in the supernatant but drops to zero again. The stability of the adsorbed urease is distinctly increased compared with the dissolved enzyme. For the pH optimum and the KM value there are no differences between the two preparations. Continuous application of polyaminomethylstyrene-bound beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and urease, respectively, in a column shows that both preparations have unchanged enzymatic activities even after running times of 5 and 24 days, respectively.


Kinetics of elementary steps in the cytochrome P-450 reaction sequence. I. Substrate binding to cytochrome P-450 LM.

The substrate binding step in the reaction sequence of the cytochrome P-450 enzyme system (rat liver microsomes) has been investigated. The type I/II substrate classification kinetically holds too. The rate constants are in the 10(3) to 10(5) (M-1 sec-1) range, the type I compounds are preferably bound by about one order of magnitude. The rate constants of the binding process to the reduced cytochrome are considerably decreased. The results favour the ordered reaction mechanism.


[Cellular test for RNA-synthesis in rat bone marrow and its use in testing cryoprotective and toxic agents].

A system for the measurement of the RNA-synthesis of bone marrow cells of the rat has been developed and the incorporation of [3H]-uridine into the cellular RNA has been standardized with respect to the time of incubation, the concentration of [3H]-uridine and the number of cells. A plateau of the incorporation of [3H]-uridine into the RNA is reached after 20 min of incubation and is interpreted as the expression of a steady state in synthesis and degradation of the cellular RNA. A constant labelling of the RNA is reached above 8.3 with 10(-6)M [3H]-uridine. The optimal cell number in the 500 mul standard assay is 4 with 10(6). Actinomycin D inhibits the RNA-synthesis to 94% in a concentration of 1.2 with 10(2) mug/ml. The cryoprotectants dimethylsulfoxide, polyethylene-oxide and glycerol and the potential haematotoxic substances dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and gamma-hexane were tested in this system. 5% dimethylsulfoxide and 10% polyethylen-oxide in Eagle's-medium with ethylendiamintetra-acetate do not influence the RNA-synthesis. 5% glycerol reduces the incorporation of [3H]-uridine into the cellular RNA to about 30%.


[Membrane effect of potassium rhodanide and methotrexate].

In HeLa cells and macrophages rhodanide ions cause biological hyperpolarization of the cell membranes, while methotrexate hyperpolarizes the membranes as an antimetabolite. Cell physiologically, rhodanide has a general stimulating effect within the physiological control range of the cell. This membrane effect could be related to the physiological and therapeutic action of rhodanide in processes involving immunological events.


Lymphokines which influence electrophoretic mobility of macrophages.

Supernatants of blood lymphocytes from immunized guinea pigs after incubation with purified protein derivative (PPD) were fractionated on Sephadex G-75. The fractions were tested for activity to change the electrophoretic mobility of macrophages. Dependent on incubation time, three different regions of activity with an average molecular weight of 13 000, 40 000 and more than 100 000 were estimated.


[Simple dynamic model of the human blood pressure regulatory system as based on the orthostatic load sequence].

The two statistical parameter estimation methods, the recursive least squares and the recursive generalized least squares, are dealt with briefly. An additional noncorrelated disturbance is necessary for unbiased parameter estimation in the closed-loop system. The disturbance is realized by an orthostatic load sequence shaped according to the experimental programme. Men and women were subjected to head-up tilt between 10 degrees and 55 degrees. The disturbance, mean blood pressure and heart rate were measured. These discrete data were used for parameter estimation of transfer functions.


Lithium accumulation in some endocrine tissues.

Lithium levels were measured in several tissues of rats after oral lithium administration for various periods of time. The lithium levels in the brain approached those of the serum while there was a marked accumulation of lithium in the pituitary and thyroid glands. When lithium was stopped there was no noticeable lag in clearance for any of the tissues examined, with the pituitary maintaining a significant elevation of lithium over the serum levels. Animals receiving lithium had higher levels of adrenal corticosterone under quiescent conditions and higher levels of plasma corticosterone thirty minutes after a brief electric footshock.


[Influence of prenatal malnutrition on later body-weight gain in guinea pigs].

In prenatally underfed guinea pigs the following data were obtained: 1. On the 1st day of life the mean body weight of 18 underfed animals was significantly reduced as compared to that of 18 control animals. This difference was not compensated by postnatal feeding ad libitum but persisted up to the 36th week of life (day of sacrificing). 2. The mean food intake per day estimated over 10 days during the 5th month of life was also significantly diminished in the prenatally underfed animals. 3. A significant positive correlation was found between the body weight at birth and the adult body weight, adult body length and adult body weight/body length, when the parameters of the experimental plus control animals were evaluated together. These findings suggest that in guinea pigs, which are born in a relatively mature stage, the prenatal nutrition can influence body weight, body length and body weight/body length ratio as well as food intake in adulthood.


[Effect of anoxia on energy supply and isotonic work performance in the myocardium of the frog].

To investigate correlations between energy supply and mechanical work in the frog's myocardium in true anoxia, the stroke volume, systolic and diastolic volumes and the parameters of velocity of contraction and relaxation of frog hearts were compared to the levels of high energy phosphates and the delivery of lactate. During perfusion with N2 saturated Ringer solution, stroke volume, systolic contractility and diastolic relaxation decrease till a contracture. High preload produces a dilatation growing up to the contracture after retarded and weakened relaxation. The ATP-content decreases during the first quarter of the experiment to 60%. CP decreases continuously to 15%, ADP and AMP remain constant. There is a production of lactate increasing considerably with the onset of contracture. The measured glycolysis is not sufficient for production of mechanical work. The effect of anoxia on the action potential and the reduction of the sequestration of Ca++ and of the break of actomyosin bridges following the decrease of ATP are considered as causing the series of the mechanical events.


Serum glycoproteins level and urinary glycosaminoglycans excretion in drug induced collagen-like syndrome in guinea pigs.

A collagen-like syndrome was produced by a long-term administration of 1-hydrazinophthalazine (hydralazine) to guinea pigs. The results obtained indicate that hydralazine-induced collagen-like syndrome stimulated an increase of the concentration of perchloric acid-soluble proteins, protein-bound hexoses, protein-bound-hexosamines and sialic acids in blood serum as well as urinary excretion of glycosaminoglycans. The increase of serum glycoproteins is not connected with non-specific changes in total protein level. No biochemical differences were found in the parameters studied between subgroups (LE-positive and LE-negative) of hydralazine treated animals.


Antioxidants as agents potentiating the antiinflammatory action of indomethacin.

Nordihydroguaiaretic acid inhibits prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis in vitro (ID50=228 muM), with a slope of dose-response curve high (b=209) as compared with indomethacin (ID50=0.1 muM, b=72.1). Butylated hydroxyanisole, in contrast to inactive butylated hydroxytoluene, inhibits PG biosynthesis (ID50=107 muM, b=63). Only norihydroguaiaretic acid (100 mug, s.p.) inhibited the postcarrageenin edema of rat paw. Butylated hydroxyanisole (10 mug, s.p.) given together with a subthreshold (1 mug) dose of indomethacin inhibited the paw edema by 35%, while butylated hydroxytoluene and nordihydroguaiaretic acid produced a similar effect only when given at 10-fold higher doses. The results suggest the possibility of potentiation and prolongation of the anti-inflammatory effect of indomethacin by its simultaneous administration with an antioxidant, butylated hydroxyanisole.


[Studies on the specificity of an antiserum against denaturated DNA from Sarcina maxima].

An antiserum against denatured DNA from Sarcina maxima (71% (A + T)) reacted in complement fixation tests with denatured DNA's of various sources. The serological activity of the antibodies is in correlation with the (adenine + thymine)-content of the DNA's used as antigens. Haptene inhibition tests demonstrate a preferable reaction of the antibodies with T2-sequences. The heterogeneity of DNA-antisera and the increasing specificity of such antisera, if DNA with high (A + T) or (G + C)-content served as immunogen, are discussed.


The immune response of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) to injection with soluble antigens.

The immune response of brown trout (Salmo trutta) to horse serum and keyhole limpet haemocyanin was studied. Intraperitoneal and intramuscular injections were used, with and without adjuvant, in 209 fish. Complement-fixing antibodies (CFA) and precipitins were produced to both antigens. CFA were detected after 8 days to haemocyanin and after 13 days to horse serum. Maximum CFA titres to a single intraperitoneal injection of horse serum or haemocyanin were reached at 44 and 43-46 days respectively. Precipitins to a single injection of haemocyanin given intraperitoneally were detected after 19 days using gel diffusion. Similarly using the intramuscular route they were detected after 22 days. However, using counter-current electrophoresis, precipitins were detected after 8 days by the intraperitoneal route and after 9 days by the intramuscular. Precipitins to horse serum given intraperitoneally were demonstrated after 22 days by both gel diffusion and counter-current electrophoresis. Fish given 2 intraperitoneal injections of haemocyanin in adjuvant reached maximum CFA titres after 55 days; a 3rd injection on day 56 did not produce a marked increase in titre. Fish given intramuscular injections of haemocyanin in adjuvant showed maximum CFA titres at day 43. After a 3rd injection on day 56, maximum CFA titres were reached between days 92 and 106. Intramuscular injections gave significantly higher titres than those given by the intraperitoneal route. Some fish which showed no precipitins by gel diffusion were positive by counter-current electrophoresis. Precipitating antibodies to haemocyanin migrating in the beta2-gamma1 region were detected by immuno-electrophoresis.


[Program for the computation of concentrations of free metabolites, metal ions and their complexes in chemical balance].

Enzymic reaction velocities often depend primarily on the concentrations of single free and complexed species rather than on the total metal and metabolite concentrations. For determining single species concentrations from total concentrations and complex stability constants, a program is described. The program may not only calculate the single concentrations, but also estimate their uncertainty due to the unavoidable uncertainty of complex stability constants. Making use of the ICT 1900 magnetic drum storage, it may deal with quite large complex patterns as are found in vivo.


Inhibition studies on the interaction of Vicia faba lectin with carbohydrates.

Mono- and oligosaccharides and modified sugars have been studied quantitatively for their capacity to inhibit the agglutination reaction between Vicia faba lectin and yeast cells. The results seem to parallel the specificity of carbohydrate binding reported for concanavalin A.


Diuretic action of estradiol.

Several clinical situations are strongly suggestive that estrogens are diuretic substances that secondarily promote sodium and water retention in the body by stimulation of adreno-cortical hormone secretion. To investigate the direct action of estradiol on diuresis, the hormone was administered to the isolated, perfused rabbit kidney. Results demonstrated that estradiol increases urine volume, tubular sodium excretion and potassium reabsorption, and diminishes arterial pressure and renovascular resistance. The possible relationships between these effects and with pre-menstrual syndrome, pre-eclampsia, and menopausal hypertension are discussed.


[Influence of reduced pterine and juvenile hormone on the pigmentation of the phasms Carausius morosus (author's transl)].

Tetrahydrofolic acid and dimethyltetrahydropterine, FH4 and DMH4P, have an antagonist action. FH4 darkens the phasms. DMH4P and the tryptophane have an inhibitrice influence on the melanisation, probably by the increase of the synthesis or the release of serotonin, in the hypoderm. For the adult phasm remaining ivory, xanthopterin must be added in the treatment. The addition of diapausing chrysalids pieridae extract (containing juvenile hormone JH) and treated by FH4, in the treatment precedent, transmits the pgimentary effect at the first generation, which presents a strong percentage of dark or ivory phasms.


Morphometric and autoradiographic investigation of the small and large intestinal mucosa of rats with chronic experimental renal insufficiency.

Following a previous study with experimental short-term, high-grade uremia the changes of the small and large intestinal mucosa of rats with surgically induced chronic renal insufficiency were analysed. A clear tendency to inhibition of the rate of the physiological cell regeneration by prolongation of the mitotic cycle in correlation to the degree of renal insufficiency could be demonstrated. There was a extension of the generation time up to 40% in ileum and up to 50% in the large intestine in the animal group with the relatively highest degree of renal insufficiency. This extension was mainly due to a prolongation of the postmitotic Gi-phase. At the same time the total number of crypt epithelia and of the regenerative cells in the enlarged crypts increased. The enlargement of the regenerative crypt population is interpreted as an adaptive compensation of the inhibition of the cell production by prolongation of the mitotic cycle. A damage of the differentiated surface epithelium could not be detected. The significance of the present results and their relationship to so-called uremic entero-colitis and to sprue-like changes of small intestinal mucosa in man is discussed.


Effects of lymph diversion versus corticosteroids on blood and lymphocyte pools.

Thoracic duct-rumen fistulae (TDRF) and low or high doses of Prednisolone were employed to induce depletion of blood and lymph node lymphocytes in calves. Elimination of the easily mobilizable pool of lymphocytes was almost complete within 6 days after commencing TDRF. Blood lymphocyte counts were reduced to approximately 1/3 of pre-TDRF levels. Prednisolone in low doses did not decrease the number of blood lymphocytes. High doses of Prednisolone induced a moderate, progressive blood lymphocytopenia. Both TDRF and low and high dose Prednisolone schedules induced a significant reduction of lymphocytes in lymph nodes. The loss of small lymphocytes from lymph nodes was almost entirely restricted to the diffuse cortical (paracortical) zone. The lymphocyte counts in the follicular cortex and in the medulla were not significantly affected. Almost complete disappearance of germinal centers was observed in lymph nodes of calves subjected to TDRF or high doses of Prednisolone.


[DNA Turnover in the Whole Body of Tumour Bearing Mice (author's transl)].

During the last 3 decades several authors have found in tumour-bearing animals an increase of synthesis and content of DNA in various organs which were free from neoplastic cells (Griffin, 1957;Kelly and Jones, 1950; Morgan and Cameron, 1973; Cerecedo et al., 1951; Lombardo et al., 1952). 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IUdR) is a thymidine analogue and specifically incorporated into DNA. When it is labelled with 125I or 131I it permits to reinvestigate these findings by measuring the rate of precursor incorporation into DNA and the rate of loss of labelled DNA in the living animal by means of counting the gamma emission from the incorporated iodine isotopes. In this paper, therefore, an attempt is made to analyse the DNA turnover in the whole body of liver tumour-bearing mice. 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IUdR) labelled with 125iodine was used as DNA precursor. It is a thymidine analogue 5% of which is specifically incorporated into the DNA of those proliferating cells which are in the phase of DNA synthesis at the moment of tracer application. Non-incorporated IUdR (about 95% of the injected amount) is rapidly degraded and excreted within 24 hours. The tracer remains bound to the cellular DNA druing the life span of the labelled cells. After cell death only about 5% of IUdR from DNA breakdown is reutilized. 125I has a half live of 60 days and therefore allows, over periods of weeks, external measurements of the DNA turnover in the living animal without disturbing the physiological environment. The measured loss of DNA-bound 125I reflects almost exclusively the turnover of the labelled cells. Female albino NMRI mice, 2 months old, bearing sarcoma-180 implanted into the right hind leg were intraveneously injected with 2 muCi 125I-UdR. At the time of injection, the tumour had reached in one group of mice an average volume of about 25 mm3 and in another group an average volume of nearly 850 mm3. When implanted into subcutaneous tissue sarcoma-180 rarely produces metastases in parenchymal organs, never in the spleen and--within the first 30 days after implantation--only in ca. 10% of the animals a small metastasis in a single lymphnode (Deodhar and Crile, 1969; Franchi et al., 1968). Whole body measurements were carried out immediately after tracer injection and then daily during the first week and every second or third day in the following 2 weeks in a NaI well counter with a single channel pulse height analyser. The tumour activity was also determined in vivo by a special counting device. In the normal mouse 4 to 6% of injected 125I-UdR is retained in the whole body 24 hours after tracer injection. During the following five days the 125I activity rapidly declines to 0.8% of that of day O immediately after injection. Thereafter the rate of loss of activity greatly diminishes (Fig. I). The first component of the turnover curve reflects an average daily cell loss of approximately 30% and involves about 90% of the incorporated activity...


Granuloma inguinale simulating advanced pelvic cancer.

This paper describes a case of multiple disease in an Aboriginal woman. Granuloma inguinale, of unusual severity and extent, which closely simulated advanced pelvic malignant disease, was included. Some problems of the diagnosis are discussed.


Enhance anchorage independence and tumorigenicity of aneuploid Chinese hamster cells with nearly doubled chromosome complements.

The role of a cell's chromosome complement in its tumorigenic and anchorage-independent growth properties in vitro was investigated by injecting a Chinese hamster cell line and its subclones into immunodeficient nude mice and by plating the cells in a semisolid medium containing methylcellulose. The parental WOR-6 cell clone originally consisted of 89% 1s cells and 11% cells with a nearly double (2s) complement. Tumors that developed from WOR-6 were found to consis entirely or primarily of cells with near 2s chromosome complements. Subclones of WOR-6 that contained only 1s cells rarely produced tumors in nude mice, even at high inoculum doses, whereas clones containing a high fraction of 2s cells were consistently tumorigenition, serial passage of WOR-6 cells in semisolid medium resulted in selective enrichment for near 2s cells and, concomitantly, greatly enhanced tumorigenicity. Analyses of G-banded chromosomes revealed that the 1s cells of the WOR-6 parental clone, which has a modal chromosome number of 21 and a range of 18 to 23, is completely or partially monosomic for some chromosomes and trisomic for others. The 2s cells, selected both in vivo through growth as tumors in nude mice and in vitro in semisolid medium, appeared to have resulted from preferential duplication of certain chromosomes of the 1s cells. Our results therefore suggest that cells which develop multiple copies of selected genes, while remaining functionally hemizygous for other loci, acquire an enhanced anchorage-independent growth potential in vitro and increased tumorigenicity. This conclusion is consistent with the observation that cellular tumorigenicity is correlated with anchorage independence (Rreedman and Shin, 1974) and leads support to OHNO'S (1974) suggesting that aneuploidy is a possible means employed by cells to express recessive phenotypes and increase their tumorigenicity.


An anomalous muscle (accessory subscapularis-teres-latissimus muscle) in the axilla penetrating the brachial plexus in man.

An anomalous muscle passing through the brachial plexus was found in 10 cases out of 380 sides of 190 human cadavers in the dissection course. The muscle was designated as 'accessory subscapularis-teres-latissimus muscle'. This muscle arose near the lateral margin of the scapula, either from the surface of the subscapularis muscle or from the border of the quadrangular terminal tendon of the latissimus dorsi or from both of those sources when the muscle was divided into two heads. It ran obliquely upward to fuse with the insertion of the subscapularis. The largest anomaly was 2.5 cm in width and 7 cm in length. This muscle could be classified into three types on the basis of its nerve supply and its relation to the brachial plexus. The type I muscle crossed over the axillary and lower subscapular nerves, behind the radial nerve and was innervated by the lower subscapular nerves. The type II musclepenetrated the brachial plexus separating the radial nerve into two roots; the upper from the posterior division of the upper trunk and the lower from the posterior divisions of the middle and lower trunks. The type II muscle was supplied by a branch of the radial nerve, which originated always at the same level as the origin of the thoracodorsal nerve. The type III muscle passed through the further more ventrocaudal level of the plexus; in one case it divided the radial nerve into an upper root from the posterior divisions of the upper and middle trunks and a lower root from the lower trunk, and, in another case, into an upper main root from all the three trunks and a lower slender root from the lower trunk. The type III muscle was supplied by branches from the radial and in addition from the thoracodorsal nerve in one case. In four out of ten cases, the subscapular or thoracodorsal artery also passed posterior to the anomalous muscle. A discussion was made on the nature of the anomalous muscle.


[Models of growth, self-reproduction and autoregulation based on consideration of reaction vessels with distensible, semipermeable walls].

We constructed non-equilibrium thermodynamics of the open physical-chemical irreversible processes in reactors with the strain semipermeable walls. This thermodynamics does not use the reciprocal relations of Onsager, so it may be applied when the stability stationary state is far from equilibrium. One of a general consequences of this thermodynamics is the statement: coordinated growth and self-reproduction are possible near the absolute equilibrium of the dissolvent and near the absolute stability stationary state of all chemicals with the absolute conservation of the differential equations of chemical kinetics. The supposition of ideal mixing is unnecessary; this condition is fulfilled automatically with diffusion. Growth and self-reproduction are not connected with positive eigenvalue of the differential equation of chemical kinetics. It is possible to construct a model of autoregulation and differentiation with this thermodynamics. The uniquness of such autoregulation follows from the mathematical theory [1]. The mathematical foundation of this thermodynamics is given in [1].


[Polymer chain with eliminated volume in an exterior field].

The problem of the behaviour of a polymer chain with excluded volume in an external attractive potential field was considered. It was found that the phase transition (the capture of a polymer by a potential pit), is the phase transition of the second kind; the excluded volume affects neither the temperature, nor the kind of phase transition, but it influences essentially the structure of the system after capture. An analysis of this structure was undertaken; the dependence of the critical temperature on the parameters of the pit was calculated.


[Kinetics of reactions between hemoglobin and carbon monoxide. II. Analysis of kinetic schemes in linear approximation].

The kinetics of hemoglobin (Hb) reactions with carbon monoxide were calculated for a number of classical schemes: with one, two, four binding sites and an allosteric scheme with T- and R-conformers. The developed theory predicts the existence of only one relaxation time for every scheme the values of which depends on the velocity constants, saturation degree and the Hb concentration.


[Relationship between temperature and catalase kinetics under conditions of substrate inactivation].

The kinetic behaviour of catalase at substrate inactivation in temperature interval 3 degrees - 50 degrees was studied. There is maximum at 25 degrees on curve: temperature - rate of reaction. This maximum takes place because of a change of the substrate inactivation of catalase with temperature. Dependence of the substrate inactivation constant (ko) on temperature was calculated.


[Stereochemical enhancement of specificity in biological recognition systems].

Specificity of the reaction of equilibrium association as a model of recognition process has been analysed. It has been shown that subdividing the centres of recognition into two uncoupled groups may lead to the effect of stereochemical enhancement of specificity, i. e. an increase of the fraction of the correct complex. If the second group of centers is unspecific, then a compensation of mistakes on a specific group of centers by unspecific ones takes place. Stereochemical enhancement of specificity requires the presence in the recognition protein molecule of a mechanism of switching on - off interaction on a group of centers. The most universal method of such switching on - off is a conformational transition in the protein molecule and (or) the "substrate".


[Estimation of the amount of energy transformed in the actomyosin--ATP system according to kinetics findings].

A kinetic scheme for actomyosin ATPase reaction, including two different states of the energy-rich actomyosin intermediate and different ways of its formation and decomposition, is considered. The energy, liberated in this reaction, amounts to 9 kcal. mol-1. Energy liberation is coupled with myosin head rotation. The energy-rich intermediate is stabilized by hindrances to head motion. By this mechanism the energy transduction in a filamentous actomyosin system can occur only after a dissociation act, and an ordered cyclical reaction can take place.


[Photo-emissions of nucleic acids and related compounds in the 120--250 nm region].

Photoemission of thin films of uracil, citosine, timine, adenine, quanine, DNA, RNA, nucleosides, nucleotides in the spectral region 125-250 nm is investigated. Photoemission work functions are determined, their values are in the interval of 5.7-6.1 ev. The dependence of photoemission efficiency on wave length for uracil, timine, DNA, RNA are measured. The results of this work with earlier data on luminescence yields are discussed. Possibility of radiation recombination process for wave lengths shorter than 160 nm is suggested.


[Spin label study of the structure and conformational properties of fibers from cotton grown from gamma-irradiated seeds].

According to ESR spectra of the radical - probe I it has been shown that there are two regions in cotton cellulose: ordered and disordered ones, pointing to inhibition and free rotation of the radical. 40 spin-labeled samples of cotton filaments and their mutants by the radicals II-IX chemically bound by the cellulose hydroxyl group were obtained. From ESR spectra strong inhibition of iminoxyl radical was established which was the evidenced of high rigidity of disordered regions of cellulose. Conformational changes of cotton cellulose grown from seeds exposed to different doses of gamma-irradiation.


[Ca ions in regulation of the permeability and mechanical properties of intercellular contacts of small intestinal epithelium].

The role of Ca in regulating passive permeability of alkaline cations is investigated. As it has been shown, the pathway of permeability are intercellular junctions [9-10]. An attempt was made to use permeability parameters for characterizing intercellular junctions. Forms of Ca binding and the nature of site, that discriminated ion permeation are evaluated. To develop the studies of functional peculiarities of intercellular junctions, the role of Ca in regulating the mechanical properties of intercellular junction of small intestine epithelia are investigated.


[Globule--substrate complex: several effects caused by the polymeric nature of the globule].

To anaylse possible role of globule polymeric nature in enzyme functioning, an equilibrium complex of homopolymeric liquidlike globule with a hard ball which models the substrate is considered. It is shown that the presence of linear memory in the globule may lead to an increase of the braking moment of forces affecting the substrate, to additional phase transitions concerned with a transition of the substrate of the globule centram to the perifery and vice versa etc. The shape of the globule surface adsorbed on the substrate is calculated.


[Mechanisms of spontaneous relaxation of smooth muscle (guinea pig taenia coli) depolarized in a hyperkalemic medium].

Experiments were performed on isolated strips of guinea pig taenia coli by the double sucrose-gap method. The artificial node was depolarized with potassium solution (from 120 to 167.7 mM KCl). When the bathing solution contained 0.4 mM Ca and the temperature was equal to 25 degrees C then potassium contracture was followed by fast relaxation. The muscular tone changed slightly during rectangular pulse of hyperpolarizing current, after switching off the current muscle generated a transient contractile response. The amplitude of such off-responses increased in some range with increasing in strength and duration of conditioning current. Treatment of muscle with compound D-600 resulted in a reduction of muscular tone and elimination of off-responses. The addition of Na ions to potassium solution (substitution of 47.7 mM KCl with the same quantity of NaCl) reduced muscular tone and enhanced the relaxation after off-responses. In sodium-free potassium solution each off-response was followed by increasing muscular tone but when the bathing solution contained Na ions this increase of the tone was not observed. The data obtained strongly suggest that the spontaneous relaxation of smooth muscle which was contracted in K-solution resulted from: 1) inactivation of calcium channels of surface membrane, 2) sequastration of Ca ions by intracellular storange sites, 3) extrusion of Ca in extracellular space (in part by means of Na-Ca exchange diffusion).


[Mechanisms of change in the tonus of depolarized smooth muscle (guinea pig taenia coli) during application of a hyperpolarizing current].

Using double sucrose-gap technique three types of contractile responses of depolarized smooth muscle (guinea-pig taenia-coli) current-induced hyperpolarization were investigated: 1) contractions, 2) relaxations and 3) biphasic responses (relaxation followed by contraction). Every preparation generated generally only one type of responses (of different amplitude) when passing the currents of various strength. These responses were attributed to the changes of calcium fluxes through the cellular membranes under hyperpolarization. The phenomena observed were analysed on the mathematical model. Quantitative analysis showed that description of calcium current changes with equations of Hogkin-Huxley types was not sufficient; the model predicts the existence of non-inactivating channels in the smooth muscle cellular membrane. This very assumption allows to describe correctly all three types of cintractile responses.


[Dynamics of the measured oxidative potential of preserved blood].

An expression for oxidative potential (phi) of conservated blood is suggested proceeding from the assumption of the steady character of the system methemoglobin -- hemoglobin, oxihemoglobin included. This system is suggested to be responsible for the formation of phi in the blood. The equation qualitatively describes the experimental relation of phi on time at the contact of blood with air. Relationship between the changes of oxidative potential in the blood during its storage with the state of conservated blood hemoglobin is discussed. The experimental data show that measuring of the oxidative potential may be the basis for creating a control method for the state of conservated blood during its storage.


[Influence of illumination on thermogenesis of growing cultures of halophilic bacteria].

1. Formation of purpuric membranes depends on the light spectral composition applied for culture illumination. 2. Red light turned to be less favourable for the formation of purpuric membranes, the blue one was more favourable for this purpose. 3. Thermogenesis of the culture giving the greatest yield of purpuric membranes is plotted by the curve with a large number of falls of thermogenesis. 4. At a decrease of cultivation temperature even under the blue light the formation of purpuric membranes is inhibited. 5. The decrease of thermogenesis at definite moments of cultivation of halophiles is concerned with the formation of purpuric membranes in the cells.


[Dicrete zones of electrical connection between Purkinje terminals and muscle fibers in dog ventricles].

Activity of Purkinje terminals (P) and neighbouring muscle (M) fibres (P -- M-pairs) in various regions of dog's right ventricle was recorded. It has been shown that transmission of stimulation from P-to M-fibres is abserved not over all endocardial surface, rather in descrete sites -- zones of P--M-interaction. The zones ellips like with the axes 300X100 micron, they are located relatively far from one another -- at the distance of 800-2000 microns. The total area of the zones equals 5% of endocardial surface. P-M delay is less within the zone of connection of P--M-fibres (4 msec) and greater outside the zone (up to 10 msec).


[Theory of the EEG potential in models of the leptomeninges of the brain. IV. Radial dipoles and their double layers in the depths and on the surface of the brain].

The estimaiton of ECoG-potentials is fulfilled by means of a simple model of the isolated sphere, which is exact enough, as it was proved earlier [1]. A simple limit formula for the qualitative estimation of ECoG-potentials of a source situated in the cerebral cortex is obtained. The EEG as in [2] is obtained using the transformation of the first 20 spheric harmonics. The experimental facts of registration of the evoked potentials of comparatively little subcortical sources were explained theoretically. Numerical results of the model are used to estimate the intensity of the field induced in the brain by two electrodes placed on the scalp.


[Direct comparison of the detection characteristics of the binaural analyzer of the human auditory system and a detector the correlation method of processing signals].

An experimental comparison of output performances of human binaural system and correlation detector has been carried out. These phenomena are developed by detection of the tonal signals, masked by narrow-band noise, central at the signal frequency (fc) and having half-bandwidth deltafm=0.01 fc. The results are obtained with fc=800, 1000, 1500, 2000, 4000 and 6300 Hz. In these conditions the human binaural system may be discussed as correlation detector with the resolution: deltar=0.02 when fc less than or equal to 500 Hz and deltar=0.08 when fc more than or equal to Hz.


[The glycolipoproteins of plastid membrane system in process of chloroplast biogenesis].

The glycolipoprotein fractions were isolated from the prolamellar and lamellar system of plastids. The glycolipoproteins were studied on the formic acid--urea polyacrylamide gel. The glycolipoproteins from the chloroplast lamellar system of bean leaves have the molecular weight 38 000, 93 000 and above 160 000. The amino acid composition of glycolipoproteins and its biosynthesis were studied in vivo and in vitro experiments. The glycolipoproteins were the first membrane proteins which were formed by chloroplasts in vitro. It is concluded that 70S ribosomes are involved in the glycolipoproteins biosynthesis.


[Chemoluminescence of preserved bone tissue].

The luminescence of bone tissue was studied during its treatment at preservation. It was found that vacuum drying as well as bone saturation with ascorbic acid and some antibiotics (streptomycin, monomycin) depressed the luminescence emission. Combined influence of these factors was found to be more difficult than for each one separately. The greatest deterioration of chemoluminescence intensity was observed during additional treatment with antimetabolite.


[A study of heterogeneity of isomerase and epimerase of pentose phosphates from rat spleen by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel].

The heterogeneity of isomerase and epimerase of pentose phosphates from rat spleen was studied by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. Three electrophoretical fractions of the enzymes are demonstrated. The ten-fold purification of the isomerase and epimerase by saline fractionation does not alter their catalytic properties and electrophoretic pattern.


[Infrared spectra of erythrocyte shadows in the region of the amide I and amide II bands following microwave irradiation].

No beta-structures of protein molecules were observed by IR-spectra of intact erythrocyte shadows. Ultra high frequency irradiation in the range of 1009 mHz intensity of 45 mW/cm3 results in small conformational reconstructions of molecules in the membrane, but it does not induce a notable transition of alpha-helix or coil into beta-structure. A decrease of the intensity of lipid band by 1740 cm-1 is shown up at the spectra. Deuterium exchange for 36--38 min shows that the transition of the band amide II near 1540 cm-1 into the band 1450 cm-1 proceeds faster under UHF irradiation than in the control. The effects observed are in a direct relation-ship with the intensity of UHF-field and disappear at the intensities of 5--8 mW/cm3 and lower.


[DNA-methylase activities from animal mitochondria and nuclei: different specificity of DNA methylation].

DNA-methylase activities which methylate cytosine residues in homo- and heterologous DNA were detected in mitochondria and nuclei from rat liver and beef heart. Adenine modifying DNA-methylases in mitochondria and nuclei were not found. DNA from mitochondria and nuclei differ significantly in the methylation degree and in the pattern of the 5-methyl-cytosine distribution by pyrimidine isostichs as DNA in vivo and in vitro being methylated. Mitochondrial DNA methylase has the maximum activity at 30 degrees and pH 7.8 this enzyme(s) differ(s) from the nuclear one(s) in the pH dependence of its activity. After exhaustive in vitro methylation of various DNA by the nuclear enzyme DNA-methylase from mitochondria additionally introduces CH3 groups from S-adenosylmethionine into these DNA (about 3 times more CH3 groups than nuclear enzyme). Nuclear DNA-methylase also methylates DNA which is previously fully-methylated by the mitochondrial enzyme, but to a lesser degree. In conditions of exhaustive DNA methylation mitochondrial enzyme introduces into E. coli B DNA about four times more methyl groups as compared to the nuclear one. After the methylation of E. coli B DNA by mitochondrial enzyme the label (3H-methyl) was detected predominantly in mono-, and in case of nuclear enzyme--in di- and tripyrimidine fragments. Mitochondrial DNA-methylase differs from the nuclear one in the nature of recognized DNA sequences; these enzymes seems to be represented by different proteins. The mitochondrial enzyme methylates shorter nucleotide sequences in DNA as compared to the nuclear DNA-methylase. All these data suggest there exist organoid specificity of genome methylation in animal cell and the modification-restriction systems in animal nucleus and mitochondria are different in character.


[Influence of phospholipids on oxidation of the methylester of oleic acid].

It has been shown on the model of thermic oxidation of oleic acid methyl ether that addition of phosphatidylethanolamine and lisophosphatidylcholine into a developed reaction brings about some regularities which can be accounted for as oxidation of two-substances. It is suggested that phospholipids can be the substrate of radical oxidation of substances in oxidative transformations of lipids in the cell. In this case according to oxidation conditions the same phospholipids can appear either as prooxidants or as antioxidants.


[Plasma membrane proteins of embryo cells of various sea urchin species and hybrid embryo].

Differences are observed in plasma membrane proteins of S. intermedius and S. droebachiensis sea urchin embryo cells isolated at middle blastula stage by means of acrylamide-gel electrophoresis in presence of SDS, urea or non-ionic detergents--Triton X-100 or Brij 35. Electrophoretic mobilities of plasma membrane proteins of sea urchin hybrid embryo malemale S. intermedius X femalefemale S. droebachiensis were identical with electrophoretic mobilities of plasma membrane proteins of maternal species S. droebachiensis. Three sea urchin embryo species under study had just the same biosynthesis of plasma membrane proteins at middle blastula stage detected by 14C-aminoacids pulse-labeling followed by membrane isolation, electrophoresis and gel-autoradiography.


[Identification of RNAase-sensitive 20S RNA in a cell culture infected with Sindbis virus].

RNAse-sensitive 20S RNA component with molecular weight of 0.7-10(6) is found when analysing virus-specific RNAs isolated from cultured chicken embryo fibroblasts infected with Sindbis virus by means of gradient centrifugation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.


[Multiplicity of molecular forms and thermostability of Torula thermophila UzPT-1 protease].

Alkaline protease preparations with different ratio of molecular forms are isolated from cultural medium of thermophilic fungi Torula thermophila UzPT-1 by means of protein fractionation with (NJ/)2SO4 and gel filtration through Sephadex G-75. The enzyme preparations differ in their thermostability in water at 60 degrees C. High molecular weight oligomeric enzyme forms dissociate in water (at 2-4 degrees C) forming dimeric and monomeric forms. Disaggregation is accompanied by the change in the thermostability of the enzyme preparations. It is concluded that protease thermostability depends on the ratio of dimeric and monomeric forms of the preparation, and it is associated with the conformational state of the enzyme molecules, and it is associated with the conformational state of the enzyme molecules. Oligomeric forms do not dissociate in 1% sodium dodecylsulphate and in 6 M urea. Ca2+ produces dissociation of high molecular weight enzyme forms and the conformational transition into the thermostable state.


[Micromethod of ultracentrifugation in cesium chloride].

The micromethod of ultracentrifugation in cesium chloride is described. Band destributions have been analysed by the direct scanning of microtubes with the differential doublewave micro-spectrophotometer at 260 nm. The 10(-8)-10(-9) g of DNA or ribosomes are enough for one analysis, tube volume is 2 mul. The method described permits the simultaneous centrifugation of several probe scores. The error of the beyoant density determination is 0.001 g/sm3 relatively internal standard. DNA's from 5 types of Acetabularia were analysed by the developed technique.


[Transcription of repeated and unique DNA nucleotide sequences in rat thymus cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin].

Transcription of unique and repeated DNA sequences in normal and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated rat thymus cells is studied. It is found that heterogenous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) contains the transcript both from unique and repeat-d DNA sequences. PHA does not induce re-distribution of hnRNA fractions transcripted from different for their recurrency genome regions. Moreover, hnRNA from normal thymus cells competes with RNA from stimulated cells within the range of COt values (10(-3)-10(-4)) in which the hybridization has been carried out. It is concluded that no activation of new genome regions takes place in thymocytes.


[Primary structure of cyanogen bromide fragments of sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis) pituitary somatotropin].

5 fragments are isolated after the degradation of somatotropin from sei whale pituitary glands with cyanogen bromide: N-terminal 4-segmented; C-terminal 12-segmented with the internal disulfide bond; middle 25- and 30-segmented and a high molecular weight fragment following N-terminal tetrapeptide and bound with disulfide bond to 30-segmented fragment. Complete amino acid sequence of three shortest cyanogen bromide fragments is deciphered and N- and C-terminal sequence is investigated in two large fragments after their uncoupling under performic acid oxidation. Amino acid sequence is deciphered of a peptide obtained after trypsine hydrolysis of 30-segmented cyanogen bromide fragment. Comparison of amino acid sequence of whale somatotropin fragments with that of sheep, beef and human somatotropin has revealed that 57 out of 61 identified amino acid residues of whale somatotropin repeat amino acid residues in similar regions of beef somatotropin, 56--of sheep and only 42--of human somatotropins. Besdies, 4 of 5 revealed amino acid substitutions in whale hormone, as compared with sheep somatotropin, are amino acids which are present at the same positions in human hormone.


[32S Tubulin oligomer. The resistance to factors suppressing the microtubule formation].

The resistance of brain 32S tubulin oligomer to factors suppressing the microtubules formation: colchicine, CaCl2, cooling and the absence of GTP is studied. The content of oligomer in the preparation and the polymerization degree were estimated by means of analytical centrifugation. Colchicine at 25 degrees and at a concentration of 10 muM does not change and at a concentration of 100 muM only slightly decreases the content of oligomer. The oligomer dissociated (but not completely) in 1 mM colchicine. Tubulin polymerization was partly suppressed by 10 muM and completely--by 100 muM colchicine. CaCl2 at 1 and 10 mM concentrations did not destroy the oligomer but inhibited its polymerization even in lesser of these concentrations. The cooling of the incubation medium to 14 degrees C or 4 degrees C completely inhibited the polymerization and did not affect the content of oligomer in the preparations. Tbulin preparations with low amount of exogenous GTP (less than or equal 3.10(-6) M) had a usual oligomer content, whereas GTP is necessary for polymerization at concentrations exceeding 10(-4) M. Thus, the reaction of tubulin oligomerization is relatively resistant to factors preventing the microtubules assembly. This probably means that there are at least two types of intereaction between tubulin molecules: 1) bonds in microtubules which are sensitive to colchicine, Ca2+ and cold, and which are formed only in the presence of nucleosidetriphosphates; 2) bonds in 32S tubulin oligomer which are more stable and do not need in exogenous nucleotides.


[Modification of histidine residues with diethylpyrocarbonate in aspartate transaminases from pig and chicken heart cytosol].

One and three histidine residues react with diethylpyrocarbonate (DEP) at pH 6.5 in native aspartate transminases from cffect on the enzyme activity. The rest histidine residues in aspartate transaminases (approximately 6 in the chicken enzyme and 5 in the pig enzyme) are DEP-nonreactive and can be carbetoxylated only after protein denaturation. The presence of substrates does not affect the histidine modification in transaminases.


[In vitro incorporation of labelled amino acids into heart muscle ribosomes at early and late stages of compensatory heart hyperfunction].

The activity of a protein-synthesizing cell-free system from heart muscle was studied at early and late stages of compensatory heart hyperfunction. It was found that the incorporation of amino acids into heart ribosomes during 48 hours after the hyperfunction had been produced, increased by 30% as compared to the control. The incorporation of amino acids into heart ribosomes at the late stage of hyperfunction (after 6 months) was decreased by 46% as compared to the early stages. The addition of homologous tRNA to the cell-free system of protein synthesis under prolonged heart hyperfunction stimulated the incorporation of amino acids into the ribosomes by 40--50%.