Carcinoma of the cardia and thoracic oesophagus coexisting with and following sliding hiatal hernia and peptic stricture.

A series of 207 cases of carcinoma of the cardia and thoracic oesophagus was reviewed. Ten patients (9-8% of those with carcinoma of the cardia) had a hiatal hernia with a coexisting adenocarcinoma. Five other patients (2-4%) had long-standing records of hiatal hernia, and chronic peptic oesophagitis with stricture before the development of carcinoma. In the cases of hiatal hernia coexisting with carcinoma, there is insufficient evidence of the hernia predisposing to carcinoma. The relationship is thought to be purely coincidental. However, malignant changes may occur in long-standing cases of chronic oesophagitis with peptic stricture.


Selective tracheobronchial aspiration.

Eighty attempts at placing suction catheters in the left main bronchus were analysed by studying chest radiographs. When angled catheters were used via a tracheostomy tube the success rate was 75%; the rate fell to 15% when straight tubes were used through an orotracheal tube. Assessment and control of the tube length was found to be important to avoid kinking and subsequent obstruction of the catheters.


Assessment of the agglutination test for tuberculosis.

A new whole cell agglutination test for active tuberculosis, for which encouraging results have recently been reported, has been carried out on the serum of 112 subjects. The results have been disappointing; the test had no predictive value in the diagnosis of active tuberculosis.


Lung volumes in normal Cantonese subjects: preliminary studies.

Measurements of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, functional residual capacity (FRC), total lung capacity (TLC), residual volume (RV), and RV/TLC ratio have been made in 331 normal Cantonese subjects (134 male and 197 female). The results have been expressed in multiple regression equations relating the volumes to age, height, and weight and have been compared with those of other workers. Lung volumes obtained in this study are in general lower for Chinese subjects than those reported for Caucasians. Similar findings for FVC were reported by Chuan and Chia (1969) in Singapore and by Wu and Yang (1962) in Taiwan. Significant differences, however, are noted for FRC, TLC, RV, and RV/TLC between our findings and those of Chuan and Chia. Our series is unbalanced because of an uneven distribution of age groups. In fact in none of the reported studies on Chinese subjects, including that of da Costa (1971), is the series large or balanced. Clearly, further research is required in this ethnic group to get more reliable predictive formulae for lung volumes.


Incidence of hiatus hernia and gastro-oesophageal reflux in 1030 prospective barium meal examinations in adult Nigerians.

A prospective study to determine the incidence of hiatus hernia and gastro-oesophageal reflux in 1030 consecutive symptomatic adult Nigerian patients undergoing barium meal examination is reported. The results show a very low incidence of hiatus hernia (0-39%) and an equally low incidence of gastro-oesophageal reflux (2-2%) when compared with similar studies in Europe and America. There was a high incidence of duodenal ulcer (23-3%) and a low incidence of gastric ulcer (1-8%), the duodenal/gastric ulcer ratio of 12-1:1 being much higher than in Europe.


Uncommon pulmonary hamartomas.

Three cases are reported--one endobronchial hamartoma, one endobronchial hamartoma accompanied by a similar intrapulmonary lesion, and one multiple hamartoma. These cases typify the clinical presentation and illustrate some of the difficulties in diagnosis and management. The published cases are reviewed.


Long-term epicardial ventricular pacing from endocardial bipolar pacemaker lead: perforation of right atrial wall.

One of the hazards of endocardial cardiac pacing is that the pacemaker lead may perforate the myocardial wall or interventricular septum although the incidence of such perforations is believed to be small. This paper describes what is believed to be a unique case in which a pacemaker lead perforated the atrial wall at implantation (or possibly shortly afterwards) and yet gave satisfactory right ventricular epicardial pacing for more than five years. The perforation was discovered during a routine postmortem examination but earlier lateral x-ray examinations would probably have identified the abnormal position of the electrodes. Moreover, the present implantation technique would not have allowed perforation of the atrial wall at implantation to go undetected.


Candida albicans abscess of lung.

Candida albicans lung abscess is a rare entity. We present a case in a patient who suffered from Hodgkin's disease and was receiving immunosuppressive therapy. The patient responded to treatment with 5-fluorocytosine.


[Pig losses during transport and in the pens of slaughter-houses in the Netherlands in 1976 (author's transl)].

The proportion of pigs which died during and shortly after transport was estimated in 1976, like it was in 1968 and 1972. The monthly inquiry included forty-four per cent (approximately 5.2 million animals) of the total number of pigs slaughtered in the Netherlands in 1976. Mortality during and after transport showed a decrease ever since 1968 and was reduced to 0.30 per cent by 1976. The main causes of losses during transport and methods suggested to reduce these losses to a further extent are briefly referred to. The findings will be discussed in greater detail in a following report.


Contribution to the aetiology of synovitis in chickens, with special reference to non-infective factor. III.

A comparative histological study of the tendon tissues of laying-breed hens and broiler-breed cocks was undertaken. This study was a continuation of a previous study which showed that the tendons of laying-breed hens are relatively more resistant to mechanical stress than are those of broiler-breed cocks. The study was particularly concerned with the following types of tendon tissue: tendon of the gastrocnemius muscle, tendon of the flexor muscle of the third digit, hypotarsal sesamoid (HS). The results may be summarized as follows: (1) The tendon tissues of the two main groups compared, differ structurally in several respects. The most marked differences are perceptible in the plantar layer of the tendons, some synovial membranes, the HS and the insertion of the gastrocnemius tendon. (2) The difference is susceptibility to synovitis as well as the difference in tensile strength can be accounted for by the above structural differences.(3) Tendon tissue is apparently infected by haematogenous route in the case of spontaneous synovitis.


A field trial with a new anthelmintic oxfendazole in naturally infected calves.

In a field trial on a series of 10 farms involving 116 calves the activity of oxfendazole at a dose rate of 2.5 mg/kg against gastro-intestinal helminths was assessed. On the basis of egg counts and larval differentiation before and after treatment it was shown that the compound had excellent activity against the most common nematodes. Although not proven in this trial, there were indications of some activity against inhibited stages of Ostertagia. Activity against Strongyloides was lower, while for Trichuris and Moniezia the infection rates before treatment were too low to draw any definitie conclusions about the activity of oxfendazole against these parasites.


Dextrocardia and situs inversus in Sri Lanka.

Transposition of the viscera is an uncommon condition but no figures are available as to its prevalence in a tropical country. 31 cases of dextrocardia were seen among 110,603 persons examined at two chest clinics in Sri Lanka. A further 11 cases were detected by the reading of films taken at a tuberculosis prevalence survey in the general population in which 27,095 persons were examined after random selection. The incidence at the chest clinics was 1 in 3567, while the prevalence in the general population was 1 in 2500, perhaps the highest rate to be reported from any country. The prevalence was higher in the rural than in the urban population. All cases were right handed, implying that there was no transposition of the centres in the brain. In one case the mother had mumps in the first trimester of pregnancy, thus raising the possibility of an aetiological relationship.


Avascular necrosis of the femoral head associated with haemoglobinopathy.

The clinical and X-ray records of 22 patients with avascular necrosis of the femoral head associated with haemoglobinopathy seen at the University College Hospital, Ibadan over the period 1968-1973 were analysed retrospectively. There were 14 cases of necrosis of the femoral head in sickle cell haemoglobin C disease (SC disease) and four cases each in homozygous S disease (SS disease) and sickle cell trait (AS trait). The sex incidence was nearly equal. The mean age of the patients when first seen was 13.7 years (range 7-27 years). Radiologically, two types of lesions were seen: Perthes-like necrosis and severe hip deformity. No case of osteochondritis dissecans type of lesion was encountered. All patients were treated conservatively with analgesics and no weight bearing, with symptomatic improvement in all but generally unsatisfactory results as regards reconstitution of the femoral head.


Anaemia of pregnancy in northern India. Nature and therapeutic follow-up.

Investigations on 114 anaemic pregnant women revealed that megaloblastosis occurred in more than half. A therapeutic follow-up approach clearly indicated that vitamin B12-deficiency was fairly common in such patients; the need of iron supplementation in many of them for achieving complete remission emphasized the poor status of iron stores. All patients with normoblastic marrow achieved full remission with iron therapy alone. The deficiency of haematinic factors appears to be largely due to poor nutrition.


Urogenital rhabdomyosarcoma in Nigerian children.

Four cases of urogenital rhabdomyosarcoma in Nigerian children are reported. One of the patients is alive and well six years after surgical excision of a stage 1 tumour. The remaining three children had more advanced neoplasms and died soon after surgery despite adjuvant therapy with one or more cytotoxic agents. The probable value of combination chemotherapy with vincristine, actinomycin D and cyclophosphamide in this tumour type is discussed.


Acute appendicitis in Nigerian children.

This study reports on 46 cases of acute appendicitis in children during a nine year period (1963-1971) in the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. The disease does not appear to be (yet) a common paediatric surgical problem here. The clinical features are similar to those reported for other populations, though there was a tendency to late presentation with a more advanced stage of the disease. A review on the aetiology of acute appendicitis, clinical features, diagnosis, course and prognosis in children is also presented.


Xerophthalmia in North Sumatra.

During a preliminary survey on xerophthalmia in North Sumatra, Indonesia, a total of 1754 children of 0-6 years of age were examined clinically as well as with a vital staining technique, using Rose-Bengal 1%-Fluorescein sodium 1% eyedrops. Differences in prevalence were found between children from the rural villages, from Gunung Pamela rubber estate and from one Health Centre and two kindergartens in Medan town. None of the children in the estate and in Medan had Bitot spots or acute corneal involvement; conjunctival xerosis (XIA) was found in 28% among boys and 11% among girls at the rubber estate, whereas in Medan only 1% had XIA. In the village, the calculated minimum point prevalence rates for X1B, X2 + 3 and XS were respectively 0.29%, 0.16% and 0.45% for age-group 0-6 years, sexes combined. According to WHO criteria xerophthalmia should, therefore, be considered of public health importance in the rural area visited. The potential use of the vital staining technique in early diagnosis of xerophthalmia is discussed. WHO criteria for assessment of the magnitude of the xerophthalmia problem as well as the guidelines for xerophthalmia surveys from the International Vitamin A Consultative Group have been analysed in this survey as a casestudy.


The beta carotene content of Indian edible green leaves.

Thirtytwo varieties of edible green leaves were analysed for their beta carotene content in different seasons of the year. Several varieties were found to contain enough beta carotene to provide the daily requirements of vitamin A, even for an adult person, from a moderate serving (30g-100g).


The pathology of schistosomiasis in Sudan.

The pathology of schistosomiasis in an autopsy material consisting of medico-legal cases and unclaimed bodies in the Sudan is described. The limitations of this type of study are pointed out. S. mansoni-infection and S. haematobium-infection occurred with a frequency of 14.3 per cent and 4.5 per cent of autopsies respectively. There was a geographical difference in the severity of S. mansoni-infection in two endemic areas in the country; it was particularly severe in patients coming from Bor area in the Southern Sudan. In autopsies with S. mansomi-infection intestinal polyposis and cor pulmonale were rarely encountered. The distribution of eggs in the tissues, using digestion studies, and the relationship of tissue egg load to pathology are reported and discussed.


The combined effect of a cutaneo-lymphatic fungus, Sporothrix schenckii and a lymphatic-dwelling nematode, Brugia Malayi.

Domestic cats were infected with third-stage Brugia malayi in such a way that the parasites were restricted to the regional lymphatics of one hind limb. Later, these cats were exposed on the same leg to the yeast phase of Sporothrix schenckii. Edema and fibrosis were more extensive in cats infected with both Brugia and Sporothrix than in cats with either of these organisms alone. Lesions tended to appear earlier, more consistently and progressed more rapidly in cats with dual infections than in Sporothrix controls. No septic lesions were seen in any Brugia controls. Dissemination of the organism was also greater in animals with dual infections than in those infected only with Sporothrix. On the basis of this study, it appears probable that in certain istances fungi, as well as bacteria, may play an important role in transforming a mild subclinical case of lymphatic filariasis into a serious medical problem and that a filarial infection may greatly exacerbate an existing Sporothrix infection.


Type-B hepatitis in Lagos.

Hepatitis B-antigen (HBsAg) was detected in 46.4% of 97 patients with acute viral hepatitis seen at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. The mode of infection was not clear in the majority of cases. It is concluded that type-B hepatitis infection is a frequent cause of viral hepatitis in Nigeria.


Contraception and haemoglobinopathies in Ibadan, Nigeria. An evaluation of the effect on anaemia.

The haemoglobin-genotype of women attending six family planning clinics in the city of Ibadan, Nigeria in a 16-month period was determined. Women with haemoglobinopathy S and C (Hb SS, SC and AC), in spite of the greater risks associated with pregnancy in them, were found to use the services of the family planning clinics less than others (Hb AA and AS) in the population. Women with Hb AA or Hb AS on different contraceptives had similar levels of erythrocyte packed cell volume except that reduced levels were observed in Hb AS acceptors on oral contraceptives not containing an iron supplement.


The bearing of height, weight and skinfold thickness on obesity in four South African ethnic groups of school pupils of 17 years.

Studies on height, weight and skinfolds in four anatomical regions have been made on groups of South African Black, Coloured, Indian, and White pupils of 17 years. Examination of weight for height compared with weight for age data have revealed high percentages of obesity particularly in non-White groups. Obesity is not only reflected in higher mean umbilical skinfold values found in the short, lighter urban Indian, also Coloured and Black girls, compared with taller, heavier White girls, but in high percentages of body weight as fat. There was an unexpected similarity of mean triceps skinfold values in the different ethnic groups. It is suggested that the problem of overweight and obesity in adolescent subjects, who remain underheight, whether from nutritional, genetic or adverse environmental factors, may be aggravated by school feeding schemes, as once the physiological demands of the pubertal growth spurt have been met, obesity is occurring in these former so called malnourished groups. The obesity occurs without dietary intervention.


Childhood accidents in Dar es Salaam.

Childhood accidents in Dar es Salaam are among the ten top causes of morbidity. After eradication of protein energy malnutrition and infectious disease, accidents will be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality as it has occurred in developed countries. Accidents were the fifth cause of admission into paediatric wards totalling 589 cases out of 12,375 admissions. Of the accident cases, 37% were due to poisoning; 27% to trauma; 24% to burns; 7% to foreign bodies and 6% to other causes. Lack of parental care, low socio-economic status and large families were among important causal factors. There is need to create awareness of hazards of accidents to prevent these unnecessary accidents of childhood.


Perforation of hydatid cyst into the common bile duct; report of four cases.

Four cases of hydatid cysts which perforated into the common bile duct are presented. Jaundice was the presenting symptom in three cases. The operative treatment consisted of choledochotomy, evacuation of the daughter cysts and the membrane of the mother cyst and drainage through the T-tube. In one case, it was possible to open the mother cyst, evacuate its contents and drain it externally.


[Electron microscopic study of the peptidergic neurosecretory cells of the preoptic nucleus of carp].

The preoptic neurosecretory cells (NSC) in sexually mature female Cyprinus carpio L. have been studied with electron microscope in winter. Separate weakly differentiated NSC and differentiated NSC of small and mean size are localized in the ventral part of Nucleus preopticus. The big highly differentiated NSC are mostly localized in the dorsal part of Nucleus preopticus. Among these types of the cells are established the light and dark forms. The "picnomorphic" cells are found only in the dorsal part of Nucleus preopticus. The light NSC are subdivided into two following kinds of cells: 1. NSC with a great amount of moderately dilated channels of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and scarce neurosecretory granules; 2. NSC with a small amount of narrow channels of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and many neurosecretory granules. The various types of differentiated NSC reflect the asynchronous formation of neurosecretory granules. The Nucleus preopticus of C. carpio has mostly the light highly differentiated NSC. It is supposed that most of the NSC in Nucleus preopticus produce and storage neurosecretory granules.


[In vitro multiplication of Dunaliella salina Teod. cells. I].

There is a close and complex relation between the value of the initial density of the Dunaliella salina Teod. culture and its growth on basic nutrient medium. An increase of the initial density decreases the effect of substrate inhibition in the lag-phase and considerably increases the asymptotic density of the culture without changing the true growth rate. A factorial experiment led to a significant improvement of the composition of the nutrient medium, this allowing to double the asymptotic density of the culture.


[Effect of etimizol on the ultrastructure of the dorsal hippocampus and autonomic ganglia of the rat heart].

The injection of aethimizol to rats (10 mg/kg) causes an irregular widening of cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum in "light" pyramidal neurons of zone CA1 of dorsal hippocampus, which is considered as a depression of the neuronal apparatus of protein synthesis. A 1 mg/kg dose causes, in some synapses, a complex of changes supposed to express the activation of synapses. No essential changes were revealed in the heart neurons. Aethimizol acts selectively on the ultrastructure of central nervous system and does not exert a pronounced action on autonomic neurons.


[Characteristics of the dermatoglyphics of the hand in congenital deaf-mutism].

Differences in a number of dermatoglyphic signs in patients with endogenous forms of the disease were found when analysing dermatoglyphics among 535 patients with congenital deaf-mutism. These differences may be of certain significance for differentiation between exogenous and endogenous forms of deaf-mutism, that is of great importance for a medico-genetical consultation with respect to progeny prognosis.


[Ultra-fine organization of the goose coccidium Eimeria kotlani. I. Intranuclear development of macrogametes].

The ultrastructure of the macrogamete stage of Eimeria kotlani has been studied. The peculiarity of this eimerian parasite is that its development procedes within the host cell nucleus. The ultrastructure of the macrogamete of E. kotlani has much in common with that of other eimerians that are localized in the host cell cytoplasm. The differences noticed concern, first of all, the structural organization of wall forming bodies of both types (WF-1, WF-2). The WF-1 are originally arranged around the WF-2, as small electron opaque granules making a dark ring, to move towards the periphery of the macrogamete body with maturation. The WF-2 of E. kotlani macrogametes lack a labyrinth structure so characteristic of WF-2 of macrogametes of other eimerian species. The macrogamete of E. kotlani is limited with three membranes, the innermost membrane is interrupted. Pinocytosis is presumably a mode of the parasite's nutrition. The nutrients are supposed to be transported by vesicles originating from the nucleoplasm of the host cell and limited with two membranes. In result, the remaining nucleoplasm looks as a narrow space of small islets. The host cell cytoplasm reveals some degenerative changes only by the final step of the parasite's development.


[Origin of marker chromosomes in a continuous human cell line].

The karyotypes of L-41 cells (subline J-96) and those of cell strains obtained from RH strain in the course of multiple passages and mycoplasm infection were studied using the GTG technique. All the RH strains contained chromosomes with bands similar to Hela and other cell strains well-adapted to permanent growth in the tissue culture. The origin of marker chromosomes was studied. The activity of G-6-PDG was detected cytochemically in cells having an X-chromosome. A decrease in alkaline phosphotase activity corresponded to the reduction of the number of G-chromosomes. Possible causes of the arising of marker chromosomes are discussed.


[Spiralization dynamics of the eu- and heterochromatin of heteromorphic homologs of the 1st pair of human chromosomes].

Peculiarities of mitotic spiralization of eu- and heterochromatic parts of heteromorphic homologous chromosomes No 1 are investigated. The homologues differ in size of their centromeric heterochromatin segments. In the spiralization range studied (the total lengths of chromosome pair equal to 8.2+25.6 mcm) the lengths of any euchromatic and heterochromatic part change approximately by 3 and 2 times, resp. It is shown that if the chromosome contraction level is not taken into consideration, neither absolute nor relative length of heterochromatic segment can be used for measuring the ratio of heterochromatin. Recommendations for quantitative determination of heterochromatin in chromosome No 1 are given.


[Effect of an antioxidant (4-methyl-2,6-ditertburylphenol) on mitotic division of mouse liver cells].

The highest increase in the mitotic index (MI) reticuloendothelial cells observed in the experiment after antioxidant treatment coincided in time with the maximal MI value of these cells in the untreated animals. However, the maximal increase of MI in hepatocytes took place when the minimal value of MI was registered in cells of the control animals. A significant increase in MI occurred both in hepatocytes and reticuloendothelial cells within the two first hours after antioxidant injection, but at this very time a more evident stimulation was observed for the hepatocytes. Antioxidant doses stimulating cell division produce similar effect on reticuloendothelial cells and hepatocytes, just reported here, as do tireoid ans steroid hormones.


[Changes in the size of the nuclei of adrenal cortex cells of rats after repeated physical stress].

Nuclear volumes of cells in rat adrenal cortex were measured. The rats were forced to swim during one month for 3 hours a day. During the experiment, the extension of nuclear hypetrophy in the external zona fasciculata underwent some phasic changes, phases being as follows: 1) increase in hypertrophy up to the maximum (2nd and 5th days of experiment); 2) the stability of hypertrophy close to the maximum (12th, 18th and 24th days), and the decrease in hypertrophy (30th day). The phases are assumed to correspond, respectively, to stages of alarm reaction, resistance and exhaustion caused by chronic stress. The increased nuclear volume of cells was also observed in the internal zona fasciculata. The discrepancy between nuclear volumes of zona reficularis in the experiment and in the control was statistically insignificant.


[Embryo survival rate of BALB and C57BL line mice in reciprocal transplantations at early stages of development].

Survival rate and weight were studied for the BALB/c and C57Bl/6J mice embryos developed from transplanted 2- and 3-day-old blastocysts. The greatest number of implantations was observed when 3-day-old blastocysts were transplanted to recipient females with two-day pregnancy. The number of implantations and successfully developing transplanted embryos was increased in recipient female with a higher number of corpora lutea.


[Effect of the ionophore antibiotic valinomycin on the lymphocyte blast-transformation reaction induced by phytohemagglutinin].

The effect of valinomycin on blast-transformation of human lymphocytes has been studied. The lymphocyte response was assayed by incorporation of radioactive precursor into DNA. DNA synthesis by PHA-stimulated lymphocytes was inhibited by valinomycin at concentration of 10(-8) M. The effect of high concentrations of valinomycin on the cells appeared to be irreversible. Excess of potassium in the medium was not effective in preventing the inhibitory action of valinomycin. An extensive washing of cells did not result in any release of the bound drug in the 10(-8) M concentration. The results are consistent with a hypothesis that lymphocyte stimulation is critically dependent on the level of intracellular K+.


[Yield of chromosome aberrations induced by x-irradiation in regenerating rat liver cells at different periods of the generation cycle].

The yield of cells with chromosome aberrations was studied using 630 rad X-irradiated liver cells of intact and hepatectomied rats, hepatectomy being performed 2-24 hours before irradiation. The radiosensitivity was variable throughout the cell cycle. The kinetic curve of radiosensitivity changes shows two ranges of radioresistance: in the early period G1 and in the middle period S, as well as the range of a relatively high sensitivity in the middle of period G1. The increase in radiosensitivity is also characteristic of the G0-G1 transition (4 hours after the stimulation).


[Effect of aminazine on the concentration of bound calcium in grape snail neurons].

By cytospectrophotometry it was shown that with the increase of chlorpromazine concentration in the external medium [CPZ]0 equal to 1-10(-8) M the concentration of bound calcium in the nuclei of neurons of Helix pomatia decreased, and at 3.2-10(-7) M chlorpromazine the Ca-concentration reduced to its minimum. A further increase in [CPZ]0 gradually increased the concentration of bound calcium, and at 1-10(-5) M chlorpromazine the concentration reached its maximum. An increase in [CPZ]0 from 1-10(-5) M to 1-10(-3) M caused a secondary decrease in the concentration of intranuclear calcium. A similar dependence was noticed for calcium bound by the cytoplasm of these cells.


[Monoamine oxidase activity and ultrastructure of subcellular fractions of the cerebral cortex under normal conditions and in the presence of phenamine stimulation].

Crude mitochondrial fractions were fractionated into purified mitochondria, heavy- and light synaptosomes and synaptosomal membranes. The highest MAO activity was observed in purified mitochondria and heavy synaptosomes. Amphetamine strongly inhibited the MAO activity in heavy synaptosomes, and only slightly affected light synyptosomes. Electron microscopy of heavy synaptosomes revealed specific vesicles suggesting the presence of nerve endings of monoaminergic neurons, and the increase of the functional activity of these neurons.


Nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma with metastases.

The percentage of patients with renal cell carcinoma who also have identifiable metastases when first seen is increasing. In the past metastases were considered justification for excluding nephrectomy in the management of the patient. However, numerous opportunities for therapy which are abetted by removal of the primary tumor are presented. It is concluded, depending on several variables, that the advantages of nephrectomy usually justify the procedure.


Anticoagulation in urologic surgery.

The present report describes a pilot project to apply the principle of minidose heparinization to patients undergoing prostatectomy, comparing a control group of 50 prostatectomies treated in conventional fashion to a study group of 43 prostatectomies treated with minidose heparinization. Results of the study indicate that perioperative minidose heparinization in patients undergoing prostatectomy is associated with longer hospitalization, greater need for blood transfusion, greater degree of immediate and delayed postoperative bleeding, and a higher incidence of "rebound" pulmonary embolization after cessation of heparin, than in patients treated in conventional fashion.


Minimum nephrostomy.

A new type of nephrostomy is described with the following main characteristics: it uses a small multiperforated Silastic tube; its crosswise location allows perfect drainage of all of the calyces and the pelvis; it does not become obstructed nor move from its position; and it causes minimum traumatization of the renal parenchyma. It has a double purpose: its serves as a drain and safety measures as well as being used for the treatment of renal infection.


Testicular neoplasms in children.

Six cases of testicular tumors in children are presented: 3 patients had teratoma, 1 embryonal carcinoma, 1 orchioblastoma, and 1 paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma. Three of the 6 patients presented with hydroceles. The treatment consisted of orchiectomy alone. All patients were alive and free of disease one and one-half to eight and one-half years after orchiectomy. It is suggested that orchiectomy alone is curative in most children with testicular tumors under the age of two years.


Urolithiasis in childhood.

The management of 131 children with urinary calculi is described. Boys out-numbered girls 2:1. Five per cent of the patients had identifiable metabolic causes, while 78 per cent had infected renal lithiasis. With appropriate therapy, stone disease became inactive in 79 per cent of the children. The remaining 21 per cent continued with active disease. Stone formation may be regarded as a solitary complication or one of several manifestations of a large number of underlying disorders. Along with a thorough search for etiologic factors there must be an equally aggressive therapeutic effort. Becuase the disease is often sporadic, careful long-term follow-up of the patients with active as well as those with inactive stone disease is mandatory.


Anatomy and function of scrotal ligament.

The anatomy of the scrotal ligament has been studied in 22 cadavers by dissection and histologic examination. The ligament could be identified in 20 cadavers. It binds the scrotal skin firmly to the tunica vaginalis at the lower testicular pole. The embryonic nature of the ligament is discussed. It synchronizes the crematerico-dartos action under normal and varied temperatures. Absence of the ligament results in disordered testicular thermoregulation and may be a factor in the genesis of subfertility; the mechanisms involved are discussed. The difference between the aligamentous testicle and the high scrotal undescended testicle is discussed.


Preureteric vena cava.

Preureteric vena cava is a rare congenital anomaly usually presenting clinically with hydronephrosis and an "S or fishhook" deformity of the ureter at the third or fourth lumbar vertebrae. Unusual presentations do occur and can lead to misdiagnoses. Herein such a case originally diagnosed as a ureteropelvic junction obstruction is presented and the embryology reviewed.


One-stage hypospadias repair.

A surgical technique for correction of hypospadias with chordee in one stage is described. This technique which brings the ectopic meatus up to the tip of the glans was successfully applied in 3 cases of penoscrotal and in 8 cases of penile hypospadias.


Endometriosis of bladder.

A case is described of endometriosis of the bladder in a postmenopausal patient who had gross hematuria and pelvic mass. Medical treatment with progestins was unsuccessful, and a partial cystectomy was performed.


Sensitive method for intraoperative roentgenograms.

A new technique using mammography film has been developed. A portable x-ray machine and mammographic film has been used to obtain excellent intraoperative radiographs of renal calculi. The kidney is exposed through a flank incision. The film is cut to a size and shape that will permit an easy fit behind the kidney. Exposed film is developed in an automatic processor. This technique has facilitated location and removal of small calculi and faintly opaque calculi. Uric acid stones have been demonstrated in vitro. It is an inexpensive technique that requires no special equipment.


Chronic dermatosis and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in the beagle dog.

Chronic dermatosis developed in sparsely-haired, lightly pigmented, ventral body skin in 397 of 1 680 beagle dogs by the time the dogs were 5 1/2 years old. Twenty-six of 55 other beagles had developed by 12 years of age. Squamous cells carcinomas developed in the sites of dermatosis in eight of the 397 younger and five of the 26 older beagles. The lesions resembled solar keratosis (solar dermatosis, actinic dermatosis or senile keratosis) in man. They developed under circumstances suggesting that solar radiation is involved in the pathogenesis, as it is in man.


Intestinal Tyzzer's disease and spirochetosis in a guinea pig.

Tyzzer's disease (bacillus pilirformis infection) was diagnosed in young guinea pig killed because of diarrhea and poor condition. There was necrosis and inflammation of the colon, cecum and ileum. Typical B. piliformis were in intestinal epithelial cells. Spirochetes were in large numbers in intestinal crypts and were often adjacent to the intracellular B. piliformis. Extracellular B. piliformis occasionally were surrounded by spirochetes.


Internal hydrocephalus and associated periventricular encephalitis in young dogs.

Six dogs that had a sudden onset and rapid progression of neurological signs with enlargement of the cranial vault at 6--8 weeks old were believed to have congenital hydrocephalus. There were severe inflammatory and necrotizing lesions in periventricular sites in the brain. A bacterial infection may have been the cause of this process.


Amebiasis in goldfish.

Five cases of amebiasis were diagnosed in goldfish (Carassius auratus) from home aquariums and from a laboratory aquarium. Granulomas containing amoebae were in many organs but were most numerous in kidneys. Because there were pseudopods, food vacuoles, vesicular nucleoli and other ultrastructural characteristics of the organisms, we identified the organisms as amoebae. On the basis of mitotic stages it is possible they belong in the family Hartmannellidae.


Duplication of colon in a Labrador Retriever with abnormal spinal column.

A 9-week-old male Labrador Retriever had duplication of the entire colon and malformation of the bodies of vertebrae T4 and T5. Simultaneous occurrence of alimentary duplication and spinal abnormalities have been reported in man, and several theories have been proposed to explain these embryonic defects.


Ochratoxin A and citrinin induced nephrosis in Beagle dogs. II. Pathology.

Beagle dogs were given ochratoxin A (0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg) and citrinin (5 and 10 mg/kg) alone and in two dose combinations for 14 days. The gross lesions included focal peritonitis and intestinal intussusceptions in dogs given citrinin. Changes in the kidneys of dogs given ochratoxin A were degeneration and necrosis with desquamation of tubular epithelial cells, primarily in the straight segment of the proximal tubules. Dogs given 10 mg/kg citrin had similar changes in the distal tubules and collecting ducts. Dogs given combined doses of citrinin and ochratoxin A had degeneration and necrosis in proximal and distal tubules, and in thin segments and the collecting ducts; there were desquamated cells and granular casts in the lumina. Dogs given ochratoxin A had necrosis of lymphoid tissues in the spleen, tonsil, thymus, peripheral lymph nodes and lymph nodules of the ileum, colon and rectum. There was ulceration of the mucosa of the intestine in dogs given large combined doses of ochratoxin A and citrinin.


Intestinal lesions induced in gnotobiotic calves by the virus of human infantile gastroenteritis.

Four gnotobiotic calves with intestinal lesions induced by third and fourth calf passages of virus of human infantile gastroenteritis were studied by light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and by immunofluorescence. Calves, 25--72 hours old, were examined 0.5 hours, 3 hours, 7 hours, and 48 hours after the onset of diarrhea. Intestinal histology of infected calves was compared to that of two noninoculated gnotobiotic calves 48 and 72 hours old. The sequence of events in the small intestine was infection of the absorptive villous epithelial cells, replacement of the tall columnar villous epithelial cells with cuboidal and squamous cells, shortening of the villi, enlargement of reticular cells, lymphocytic infiltration of the villous lamina propria and repair.


Anaphylactoid purpura in a horse.

An 8-year-old gelding with a long-standing, streptococcal respiratory infection developed dyspnoea and colic. Laparotomy disclosed numerous, discrete, hemorrhagic, thick areas of necrosis throughout the intestinal tract. At postmortem examination similar lesions were seen in the laryngeal mucosa and in many skeletal muscles. Microscopically these lesions had massive necrosis and hemorrhage with a leucocytoclastic vasculitis in adjacent tissue. This condition resembled anaphylactoid purpura (Henoch-Schönlein disease) in man. Fungal infection was ruled out by special stains which failed to show fungal elements.


Extrapulmonary lesions of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in guinea pigs.

A retrospective study of extrapulmonary disease in 17 guinea pigs with Streptococcus pneumoniae infection showed the most common to be either chronic active or acute fibrinopurulent pericarditis, pleuritis or peritonitis, or all three. In periparturient females the uterus was commonly affected. Hepatic and adrenal necrosis, splenitis, otitis media, encephalitis, lymphadenitis and ovarian abscesses also occurred. There were gram-positive diplococci in all lesions and Strep. pneumoniae, most often type 19, was cultured from tissues of 11 guinea pigs.


An epizootic among knots (Calidris canutus) in Florida. I. Disease syndrome, histology and transmission studies.

About 150 knots found sick or dead had distention of serosal blood vessels, and small, raised hemorrhagic foci on the serosal surface of the jejunum and ileum. The principal finding was endaortitis with large intimal multinucleated cysts that contained a protozoan parasite within a cytoplasmic vacuole. There was endarteritis of mesenteric arteries and muscular arteries of the external layers of the intestinal tract. Single or multiple schizont-like stages containing zoites were in the wall of the small intestine and close to affected muscular arteries. The more usual intestinal lesion was an aneurysm of the inflamed muscular artery. It was concluded that endarteritis led to colonic infarction. Schizonts in medullary renal tubular cells were smaller than stages in the intestine. There was necrosis of epithelial cells of themedullary collecting ducts and inflammatory and regenerative changes. Schizonts and zoites were free in collecting ducts and ureters.


Ultrastructural researches on rabbit myxomatosis. Lymphnodal lesions.

Ultrastructural examination of head and neck lymph nodes in rabbits with spontaneous subacute myxomatosis showed fusion of immature reticuloendothelial cells which lead to the formation of polykarocytes. There was no ultrastructural evidence of viral infection of these polykaryocytes. Histiosyncytial lymphadenitis can be considered a specific lesion of myxomatosis.


Parallel intraylysosomal amyloid fibrils, a possible result of phagocytosis.

Vacuoles of mesenchymal cells in the papillae of bovine kidneys with amyloidosis were studied by histochemical electron microscopy for acid phosphatase as a marker for lysosomes. The vacuoles contained parallel amyloid fibrils. The vacuoles of reticular interstitial cells were found to be lysosomes. Vacuoles of macrophage-like cells of the same papillae were positive, partially positive, or negative for the enzyme activity. A suspension of papillary material was injected subcutaneously in rats in a 21-day light and electron microscopy and enzyme histochemistry study. Amyloid was demonstrated in vacuoles of macrophages throughout this period and initially also in neutrophils. In most vacuoles amyloid fibrils were randomly arranged but in others parallel arrangement was demonstrated. Amyloid was only at the inoculation sites. Intralysosomal bovine amyloid may occur in parallel fibrillar arrangement without a definite indication for amyloid production.


[Effect of hydrocortisone on the concentration of serotonin and monoamine oxidase activity in the vascular tract of the eye].

Effect of hydrocortisone on content of serotonin was studied in eye vascular tract or blood and the monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was estimated in eye vascular tract of young and adult rabbits at various periods after administration of hydrocortisone under conjunctiva. After administration of hydrocortisone content of serotonin was increased in eye vascular tract and decreased in blood. Maximal serotonin reaction was observed in vascular tract of adult rabbits within 24 hrs after the hydrocortisone treatment and in one-month-old rabbits--within 4-6 hrs. In blood of adult animals the most distinct decrease in serotonin content was found within 4-6 hrs after the single administration of the preparation; in one-month-old rabbits the effect was observed after the repeated treatment within 7 days. Effect of hydrocortisone on the MAO activity in eye vascular tract varied depending on the age. In one-month-old rabbits the MAO activity was increased distinctly within 24 hrs after single administration of the preparation and in adult animals the enzyme activity was decreased within 4-6 hrs and did not alter at the other periods after the hydrocortisone administration.


[Effect of alpha-glycerophosphate on intracellular distribution of hexokinase in the tissue of fetal rabbits during acute hypoxia].

In experiments with 40 rabbit fetuses acute intrauterine hypoxia caused a redistribution of the hexokinase activity in brain and liver tissues towards an increase in the amount of the enzyme associated with mitochondria. Previous administration of alpha-glycerophosphate into rabbit female (at a dose of 1.3 g/kg of body weight) was accompanied by an increase in the hexokinase activity in liver mitochondria and in brain cytoplasmic fraction of fetus as well as in the total homogenate of both tissue. The phenomenon might be considered as a positive pattern in adaptation to hypoxia.


[Influence of preliminary adaptation to altitude hypoxia on catecholamine concentration in the hypothalamus, adrenals and heart under great physical stress].

Rats were subjected to adaptation to heigth hypoxia in an altitude chamber at the "heigth" 6 km within 7 weeks for 6 hrs a day. Concentration of noradrenaline and adrenaline was normal in hypothalamus; in myocardium content of noradrenaline was also normal but content of adrenaline was slightly decreased; in adrenal glands content of both hormones was distinctly increased. High physical activity (7 hrs swimming) did not alter content of noradrenaline in hypothalamus and adrenal glands of unadaptated rats but decreased 3-fold the content in myocardium. In adaptated rats, by contrast, such loading caused distinct decrease in content of noradrenaline in hypothalamus and adrenal glands and did not affect the content of adrenaline and noradrenaline in myocardium. Thus, adaptation to the heigth hypoxia prevented completely the decrease of catecholamines content in myocardium under loading and simultaneously increased the extent of mobilization of noradrenaline stores in hypothalamus and adrenal glands.


[Mechanism of inhibition of rat liver microsomal monooxygenases during the development of cholestasis].

Alterations in the activity of rat liver monoxygenases were studied in dynamics of cholestasis development after ligation of biliary duct and the effects observed were compared to the latter after addition of cholesterol hydroxylated derivatives in vitro. Sodium deoxycholate at concentration 0.06-0.07% was shown to stimulate the alterations in the microsomal monooxygenases activity within fourth day and at concentration 0.09-0.12%--within seventh day of cholestasis.


[Splitting of fructose diphosphate by muscle and tumor homogenates].

Effect of MgCl2 and ATP on the elevation in lactate, pyruvate and methylglyoxale content was studied on incubation of fructosediphosphate with muscle and tumor homogenates. Muscle homogenate accumulated lactate, pyruvate and methyglyoxale more intensively as compared with tumor homogenate. Pyruvate was formed only in presence of MgCl2 and ATP, although it did not practically affect the elevation of lactate in muscle homogenate. The data obtained suggest that tumor homogenate does not contain the enzymatic system involved in methylglyoxale formation.


[Glycoprotein components of the skin under normal conditions and in several types of pathology].

Content of sialic acids was increased 2.9-3.4-fold in soluble fraction of pathologically altered skin (parakeratotoic scales in psoriasis and allergo dermatoses) as compared with a skin of healthy persons. In parakeratotic scales 7-11 zones of PAS (positive glycoproteins) were found by polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis; they occurred in skin of healthy persons only in several cases. Hemoglobin-binding activity (haptoglobin) was observed in pathologically altered skin of 64-93% patients with psoriasis; it was not found in healthy persons. The spectrum of haptoglobin fractions in skin correlated with its phenotype in blood.


[Inhibition of the activity of monoamine oxidases type A and B by derivatives of 2-propynylamine].

Inhibition by N-methyl-2-propynylamine derivatives (pargylline, deprenyl, chlorgyline indamanine) of monoamine oxidases (MAO) type Z (serotonin as a substrate) and type B (substrate: beta-phenylethylamine) in fragments of rat liver mitochondrial membranes was studied by means a kinetic method (15) which enables to detect and to evaluate quantitatively formation of intermediary dissociable enzyme-inhibitor complexes as well as to measure the rate of irreversible modification of these complexes (leading to the irreversible inhibition of MAO). The step of intermediary dissociable enzyme-inhibitor complex formation was involved in the processes of inhibition of mitochondrial MAO types A and B by all the 2-propynylamine derivatives studied. Rates of modification of these complexes into irreversibly inhibited forms of MAO types A and B in presence of different 2-propynylamine derivatives were of the same order of magnitude. But the values of the dissociation constants of the intermediary complexes for both MAO types differed dramatically with alterations of the substituents at the nitrogen atom in molecules of the 2-propynylamine derivatives which probably determines the well recognized properties of the 2-propynylamine derivatives of causing highly selective inhibition of oxidative deamination of various biogenic monoamines.


[Effect of euphylline and halidor on several indices of catecholamine and serotonin metabolism in the brains and blood of rats].

Euphylline and galidore did not alter the concentration of catecholamines and serotonin in brain of intact rats, but exhibited opposite effects on metabolism of biogenic amines, if their precursors were administered into animals. Galidore decreased the activity of catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) and 5-hydroxytryptophane decarboxylase. Euphylline did not influence the COMT activity but increased the activity of 5-HT-decarboxylase. Both preparations did not alter the monoaminooxidase activity.


[Glycogen degradation in rabbit brain under normal conditions and following cranio-cerebral injury].

Activities of gamma-amylase (acidic alpha-glucosidase) and phosphorylase were studied in brain of normal rabbits and in animals subjected to craniocerebral trauma. The gamma-amylase activity was slightly increased within 10 min after the trauma and its was decreased within 24 hrs. The phosphorylase activity was decreased in the both periods of investigation. Administration of strychnine into normal animals increased the gamma-amylase activity and decreased the phosphorylase activity. At the same time, the normalization of the gamma-amylase activity was observed after stimulation of the central nervous system (by phenamine) of traumatized animals. Inhibition of the central nervous system of traumatized animals (by administration of urethane and barbital mixture) led to the subsequent decrease of the gamma-amylase activity (in several cases up to the zero value) without any alterations in the phosphorylase activity. Participation of gamma-amylase in glycogen metabolism of rabbit brain is discussed.


[Role of disorders in biogenic amine metabolism in the pathogenesis of botulin poisoning].

A depotentiating effect of prednisolone, benactyzine, reserpine, propranolole and large doses of serotonin on the development of the intoxication was shown to occur in combination with inhibition of the biogenic amines accumulation in various tissues of cats with botulinic paresis. The same phenomenon was observed in intoxicated animals maintained without pharmacological treatment.


[Chromatographic method of determining the activity of the collagenase-like enzyme of the adenohypophysis and several findings concerning the specificity of its action].

A chromatographic method is developed for quantitative estimation of the collagenase-like enzyme (CLE) activity in extract of adenohypophysis and in preparations obtained during various steps of the enzyme isolation. The enzymatic hydrolysis of Cbz-Gly-Pro-Ala-Gly-Pro-Gly-OCH3 in presence of 2-mercaptoethanol at pH 8.0 was used as a pattern. The products formed were separated by chromatography on the paper; then they were stained with ninhydrin and converted into cupric complexes during extraction with ethanol; the optic density was measured at 510 nm. The optimal conditions for the enzymatic reaction were established. The method enabled to estimate the CLE activity in presence of prolyl carboxypeptidase. The specific effect of the CLE purified preparation on various synthetic peptides is discussed.


[Bone marrow hematopoiesis in lung cancer].

Studies on the state of hemopoiesis prior to the therapy in 103 patients with lung cancer indicated the initial insufficiency of hemopoiesis, manifested in reduced number of marrow cells, impaired correlation of all forms in granulocytary series, and in delayed maturation of neutrophile cells as well.


[Microcirculation in patients with lung cancer].

The author presents an analysis of the results of microphotographing of the vessels of bulbar conjunctiva, the determination of the rate of isotope resorption from intradermic depot, transcapillary metabolism of protein and fluid, and acid-base balance. In spread tumor process and concomitant inflammation intravascular aggregation of erythrocytes was noted in bulbar conjunctiva, and sometimes metabolic acidosis too. Moreover, in widespread cancer of the lung a delayed resorption of the isotope from intradermic depot was observed, whereas with concomitant inflammatory process--its acceleration and increased permeability of blood capillaries.


[Prognostic value of the level of glucocorticoids and androgens in lung cancer patients].

Under study was the excretion of 17-OCS and 17-KS in 2 male groups operated upon for lung cancer. The first group comprised 25 patients with the postoperative survival for less than a year. The second group-28 patients, whose survival was over 5 years postoperatively. In terms of 17-OCS excretion both groups were found to be identical: the level of 17OCS in them was normal. The excretion of 17-KS in patients of both groups proved to be considerably lower than normal values. However, in patients of the second group the level of 17-KS was higher, compared with the first group, mainly on account of androsterone. Thus, the balance of steroid hormones of glucocorticoid and androgenic series as well as the correlation between them may serve as a criterion of the prognosis for operated lung cancer patients.


[Clinical evaluation of local and regional spread of lung cancer].

The author has given a clinical estimation of 205 azygo-and hemiazygographies, 252 prescalene biopsies, 118 mediastinoscopies and 79 thoracotomies, performed to determine the boundaries of local and regional cancer spread. An associated study was used in 135 patients. In 390 of 473 patients (or in 82.4% of cases) the diagnosis of lung cancer was supported histologically and cytologically. By means of prescalene biopsy metastases in deep lower jugular lymph nodes were detected in 81 (32.1%) patients. Application of azygography allowed the recognition of azygous vein block in 28 of 205 patients. Mediastinoscopy made it possible to reveal the presence of metastases in 33 (27.9%) of 118 patients. Thoracotomy employed in 79 patients to pinpoint further the spread of the process allowed a conclusion as to inoperability in 19 of them.


[Colorimetric studies by means of Ehrlich's reagent of blood serum of rats with Yoshida sarcoma].

Extinctions in the sera of Yoshida-sarcoma-bearing and normal rats were determined by means of a photometric measurement after the reaction of the sera with Ehrlich's reagent. Thereby the increase of the extinctions of the tumor bearers could be confirmed, also being found in tumor patients. The difference in terms of normal animals was statistically significant. The supposed relations between the exitation of the extinctions and the level of glycoproteins could be supported by correlating calculations.


[Determination of nucleic acids for estimation of tumor cell growth in diffusion chambers].

The use of spectrophotometric method of objective quantitative estimation of tumor cells growth in diffusion chambers and chemotherapeutic sarcolysin effect on them are described.


[Experimental study of chloroprene for carcinogenicity].

Chloroprene (2-chlorobutidiene 1,3) is an intermediate chemical product derived in the process of obtaining synthetic rubber. Chloroprene was shown by the experiments on mice and rats to be not carcinogenic. The application of chloroprene in animals by skin smears, subcutaneous injections, per os and intratracheal administration failed to induce any tumors in the experimental animals. No tumors were observed also in animals after using its combination with very small doses of dimethylbenz (a) anthracene.


[Study on organ antigens in the gastric mucosa, stomach cancer and its metastases].

Studies of qualitative characteristics of alpha- and beta-antigens in the mucous membrane of the cancer involved or not involved stomach, in gastric concerous tissue and metastases demonstrated the difference in the antigenic structure of normal gastric mucosa and tumor tissues by means of the reaction of precipitation in agar. In the process of tumor development a partial loss of alpha-antigen and the appearance of beta-antigen to be directly dependent on the pronouncement of tumor changes were noted.


[Malignant transformation of lung hamartomas].

The analysis of the pertinent literature data and personal author's materials on malignant transformation of lung hamartomas is reported. One case is described in detail as an illustration of clinico-anatomical characteristics of such kind of lesions. The interest of the report lies in the casuistry of malignant transformation of lung hamartoma, great extension of the pathological process and metastasization in a regional lymph node of its epithelial portion. Also unusual is the fact of metachronous appearance of rare primary multiple tumors.


[Cancer of the vulva].

An analysis of 66 observations of cancer of the external genitalia is presented. This lesion was most frequently observed in patients aged from 51 to 75 (58 observations). Pruritus in the external genitalia region was the predominant symptom (47 cases), a more rare on--the appearance of tumor and pains in the vulva region (27 cases). In 45 females tumor was located in large and small pudendal lips, in 19-in the clitoris, and in 2-in the region of the commissura labiorum posterior. In examination 8 patients showed cancer of the vulva, stage 1, 24-stage II, 31-stage III and 3-stage IV. In 23 patients the combined treatment was employed, which initial step included short-focus roentgenotherapy of the primary tumor and deep x-ray irradiation of regional lymph nodes, 43 patients were subjected only to radiotherapy. An average survival in the patients following the treatment in all stages was 3.47 years. In the combined therapy it was 4.35, in radiotherapy-2.6 years.


[Surgical treatment of lung hamartomas].

Twenty three cases of lung hamartoma are described, which were not always properly diagnosed roentgenologically. In a half of patients lung cancer  was diagnosed, that influenced greatly the character and extent of surgical treatment. An attention is given to the existance of the sign of "palpable displacement" of hamartomas, the latter is recommended for establishing the differential intraoperative diagnosis.


[Combined gastric resection in cancer].

The author reports the result of combined subtotal gastrectomies with pancreatoduodenal resection in proliferation of the antral portion cancer in the pancreatic head in 8 patients. One patient died due to postoperative complications. Seven patients have been kept under observation during the period from 6 months to 1 year and longer without any signs of tumor recurrence and metastases. No disturbances in the incretory function of the pancreas was noted. The digestive ability of the gastrointestinal tract is quite satisfactory.


[X-ray study of skin melanoblastomas].

The rationale and opportunities of x-ray investigation in skin melanoblastoma are analysed. Roentgenography was employed in 51 patients. In 7 cases the tumor was found to proliferate subcutaneous fat. In 11 cases roentgenological investigation has aided in detailed determination of the form of tumor growth in the obscure clinical picture. The roentgenological investigation made it possible to reliably determine the extent of melanoblastoma spread in underlying tissues, that enabled a more precise planning of the extent of the operation and a more reliable prognostication of the disease.


[Influence of different quantities of dietary protein on the relationship between age and utilization of glycine radiocarbon in the synthesis of lipids and glycogen].

Incorporation of the transformation products of 2-14C-glycin into liver glycogen and liver tissue lipids, as well as those of the kidneys, heart and skeletal muscles of young and old rats (3 and 24 months) kept on isocaloric food rations with 9, 18 and 36% of caseine was studied. The glycogen and lipids content, as well as the level of their specific radioactivity were shown to depend on the composition of the food ration, the animals age and on the kind of the  tissue examined. The specific radioactivity of the liver lipids with restricted protein consumption is higher in young animals, and with an elevated intake thereof in the old ones. The glycogen radioactivity is greatest in animals of both age groups fed on a ration with an optimal protein content. An increased proportion of protein in rations of old animals is attended by a more intensive utilization of its metabolites in the lipids exchange.


[Influence of diets with qualitatively different carbohydrates on lipid metabolism].

Tests conducted with rats demonstrated that rations carrying saccharose cause a rise in the pre-beta-lipoproteids, blood triglycerides, total lipids and triglycerides in the aorta, as well as an accelerated biosynthesis of the latter in the liver and the fatty tissue. The effect of the saccharose making part of an isocaloric ration depends upon the quality of the diet as a whole. In rats receiving saccharose in a ration with a reduced amount of fat (11% bythe calorific value) there takes place an accelerated biosynthesis of phospholipids with no evidence of fatty degeneration of the liver. Animals receiving saccharose in a ration with a physiological level of fat (26% by caloricity) demonstrated a higher content of beta-lipoproteids in the blood, of total lipids and tryglycerides in the liver with lacking acceleration of the phospholipids biosynthesis in the latter.


[Effect of an anti-atherosclerotic diet with different protein content on catecholamine and DOPA excretion in patients with ischemic heart disease and excess weight].

In patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) with excess body weight the excretion of catecholamines and DOPA was investigated. In patients of middle and advanced age the excretion of norepinephrine was found to be down, while in those of the young age the excretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine proved to be up. There exist a correlation between the rising level of norepinephrine and hyperlipidemia. In patients with IHD the blood serotonin content is elevated. The use of an antiatherosclerotic diet with a higher protein content tends to bring down the level of the norepinephrine and, partially, also of epinephrine excretion. With patients kept on an antiatherosclerotic diet with protein content the excretion of norepinephrine sharply decreases and that of epinephrine rises. Administration of pyridoxine superimposed upon dietary variants acts favorably on the catecholamines excretion. Under the effect of the diets in question the blood serotonin remains unchanged. The implication is that both the high- and low-protein quotas in the composition of antiatherosclerotic diets do not produce an optimal effect on the catecholamines and DOPA metabolism in patients with IHD and an excess body weight.


[Clinical course and diet therapy of peptic ulcer in young persons].

In 136 patients of young age features distinguishing the clinical course of peptic ulcer were studied. The diagnosis was established on the ground of roentgenological and endoscopic investigations. The nervous state was studied and the part played by psycho-emotional and stress factors in the development of peptic ulcer was ascertained on the basis of an analysis into the results of some vegetovascular and electrophysiological investigations. For the category of patients in question a high-protein and fat-rich diet (120-130 g) was composed. It was found to have a beneficial effect on the course of peptic ulcer, a high percentage of scarred ulcerations (78%) having been obtained by comparison with controls, who were kept on a diet with normal amounts of protein and fat. It is suggested that the effect of the treatment with the described diet is achieved thanks to increased buffer properties of the food ration, to the inhibitory action of the fat on the gastric secretion, and on account of intensified reperative processes going on in the gastroduodenal mucosa.


[Comparative study of the therapeutic effect of diets with qualitatively and quantitatively different fat content on children with cirrhosis of the liver].

A total of 107 children with liver cirrhosis aged from 7 to 12 were kept under observation. Four types of diets with different variants of the fatty component were used in the course of their treatment. The diet No 5 ration contained a physiological set of basic nutrients (with vegetable oil comprising 12% of the total amount of fat in the ration). The diet 52 carried a higher amount of the vegetable oil with its proportion reaching 22% of the total quantity of fat at the expense of a lesser share of butter. The total amount of fat was consistent with the age-specific standard rate. The diets 53 and 54 has the amount of fat raised by 15% with respect to the physiological level through additional introduction of vegetable oil and butter "Zdorovie", respectively. The fat-enriched diets were well tolerated with no manifestations of steatorrhea in evidence. Against the background of all the diets applied the great majority of the patients demonstrated an improvement of both the clinical data (general conditions, reduction in the size of the liver) and a number of characteristics reflecting the functional capacity of the liver (normalization of the blood serum bilirubin, of proteinogram findings). Following the use of diets with an elevated fat content there could be observed a well-marked tendency toward normalization of metabolic rates. In particular the level of the blood serum cholesterol esthers was rising; the plasma and lipids of the erythrocytes stroma showed an increased proportion of arachidonic acid with simultaneous fall of the icosatrienic acid share. This may ascribed to a higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the ration. The most convenient way of introducing polyunsaturated fatty acids in the ration is the dietetic butter "Zdorovie". This justifies recommending it in dietotherapy of children suffering from liver cirrhosis.


[Assessment of the lactose test and its value in detecting intolerance to milk sugar].

In 109 healthy and sick subjects suffering from diverse affections of the digestive organs the lactase activity in the mucosa of the large intestine was determined and a lactose test set up (1 g of lactose per 1 kg of body weight). In the test the following factors were considered: clinical symptoms, the rate of passage in the intestines (till the appearance of carmine), blood glucose content, pH and sugar in the feces. To appraise the activity of lactase the most accurate indicator in the test appeared to be the estimated degree of the rising blood glucose concentration as against the area of its ascent (23% of erroneous results). Because of a great variability of the test indicators the assessment of the lactase activity by combination of the latter did not increase the total number of correct results. However, in cases when there appeared combinations of indicators most characteristic for different activity of the lactase, the significance of the test results proved much higher (11.5-7% of erroneous results). Since in the lactose tolerance tests it is the total lactase activity, covering the entire surface of the small intestine that is recorded and subject to assessment are also possible changes, adaptive inclusive, of the gastro-intestinal tract motoricity, this test characterizes in the final analysis more correctly the tolerance of food products containing lactic sugar, than does direct determination of the lactase activity.


[Methodologic aspects of determining the biological value of protein in studies with human participation].

Data on determination of the biological value of casein for man based on results of balance investigations of nitrogen metabolism in 30 normal males are reported. These were kept on standard semisynthetic diets differing in the daily content of caseine (from 0 up to 15.1 g of nitrogen per day) that served as a sole source of protein in the ration. The levels of endogenous losses of nitrogen with the urine, feces and summarily in any other ways were determined. Principal features of methodological procedures employed in determining the biological value of proteins recommended for nutrition of man are substantiated. The need for multilevel (not less than on 3-4 levels) investigation, below the one necessary for maintaining nitrous equilibrium, is stressed.


[Influence of oxythiamine on the fatty acid composition of rat liver total lipid fraction and phospholipids].

Changes in the content of individual fatty acids in the total lipid fraction and phospholipids of the liver occurring under the effect of oxythiamine were studied. The fatty acids composition was determined by the method of gas chromatography. A single introduction of oxythiamine in a dose of 0.4 g/kg produced in 24 hours a deficit of essential fatty acids of the liver. Similar results were obtained with daily administration of oxythiamine at the rate of 500 gamma per animal a day, for a space of 10 days. The participation of thiamine as a substrate at one of the stages marking transformation of linolic acid and inhibition of this nonspecific function of thiamine by oxythiamine are presumed.


[Effect of vitamin E on the bile forming function of the liver in acute dystrophy].

Experiments were staged on albino rats to study the influence produced by vitamin "E" on the function of the liver in normality and in acute dystrophy provoked by introduction of carbon tetrachloride. A repeated introduction of vitamin "E" to intact animals produces moderate choletic and cholate-stimulating effects, improves conjugation of cholic acid with amino acids, especially with glycocoll and intensifies somewhat excretion of bilirbuin and cholesterol. The use of vitamin "E" in acute dystrophy of the liver precipitates the restoration of its function, markedly improves biligenesis and biliation and also stimulates the synthesis of cholic acid.


[Hygieno-toxicologic study of polyamide film P-12 intended for use in the food industry].

A hygienic-toxicological study of the polyamide film II-12, developed at the Scientific-Research Institute of Plastics and intended for use in food industry as a packing material was carried out. Pertinent sanitary and chemical investigations have brought evidence that the II-12 film does not adversely affect the organoleptic characteristics of model solution, while erosion of organic substances therefrom is insignificant. A long-term toxicological experiment staged on 2 generations of rats in which biochemical and histological factors, as well as those characterizing the possibility of an embryotoxic action and finfluence on the reproductive function of the animals had been determined, did not reveal any untoward changes in the test animals as compared to the controls.


[Amino acid composition of protein products from fish of low market value].

The amino acids composition of proteins from the whole fry fish, proteinic mass and the fish protein concentrate was investigated by using ion-exchange chromatography with an automatic analyzer (AAA-881, ChSSR). A balance of amino acids recorded during preparation of the protein mass obtained in fish with inferior market value (fry herring and sand fish) is cited. It was found that the protein mass of fry contains 2.3 and that of sand-fish, 1.3 as much of the amino acids as does the whole fish. It is methionine that has been ascertained to be a limiting amino acid for fry and the products of its processing. In the protein of this fish essential amino acids comprise 43.5% of the sum-total of all the amino acids, the corresponding percentages in the protein mass and the fish protein concentrate being 42.1 and 41.7, respectively. A comparison of the amino acids composition of the study proteins as against the amino acid scale of the ideal FAO protein shows that the protein mass and the fish protein concentrate represent products of high biological value.


[Effect of prolonged cold storage and subsequent heat treatment on the fractional composition of fish muscle proteins].

The effect of prolonged preservation at -18 degrees C and subsequent culinary heat treatment of the fractional composition of sarcoplasmatic and myofibrillar proteins in the muscles of mirror carp, pike and sheat-fish were studied by the method of gel-filtration on Sephadex G-100. Cold storage of the dish at -18 degrees C for 9 months was found to produce market changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of muscle proteins. After culinary heat treatment the finished products have lost much of their original quality.


[Change in the fatty acid composition of the lipids of kryl paste "Okean" following culinary preparation].

The fatty acids composition of the lipids in the krill paste "Ocean" subjected to defrosting at temperatures of 4-8 and 18-20 degrees C and subsequent heat treatment, including boiling, frying and baking, was studied by applying partition chromatography. Upon defrosting and heat treating the fatty acids composition of the paste lipids becomes subject to modification. In a paste defrosted at 18-20 degrees C the amount of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids diminishes with a relative rise in the sum-total of the saturated ones. Defrosting at 4-8 degrees C leads to an insignificant decline of monounsaturated and to an increase of polyunsaturated acids in the lipids of the paste. On baking the content of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids subsides by 2.26 and 11.71% respectively, while that of the saturated ones goes up by 15.00%. Frying results but in a slight drop in the totality of polyunsaturated fatty acids, whereas the level of saturated and monounsaturated ones remains without any substantial changes.


[Effect of the quality characteristics of the fatty component of the diet on the fatty acid makeup of the erythrocytic and thrombocytic membranes in healthy persons].

Practically healthy males received rations in which principal sources of fat in the descending order were butter, sunflower and mustard oil. The influence of qualitative properties of the ration's fat on the lipids metabolism in the plasma and the coefficient of the metabolization effectiveness of essential fatty acids (CEM) of the food into the membranes lipids was studied. The CEM was calculated by studying the fatty acids composition of the erythrocytes and thrombocytes stroma. Inclusion in the ration of butter alone, raised the cholesterol level, a fall of the plasma phospholipids level and a significant drop of the CEM. Substitution of sunflower oil for butter led to normalization of these figures. Mustard oil had no effect. Changes in the CEM of the erythrocytes stroma proceeded slowly, significant differences having been discovered only after 6 weeks of the butter consumption. The thrombocytes CEM changed quickly, a stable fatty acids composition of thrombocytes with this ration being established by the end of the 2nd week. The qualitative properties of the ration's fat exercise a sufficiently strong influence on the effective metabolization of fatty acids in the food into the lipid structures of the erythrocytes and thrombocytes membranes in a healthy subject, it being characterized by the CEM changes.


[Effect of retinol deficiency on the activity of phospholipase A lysosomal enzymes in rat testes].

In the testes homogenates of rats kept on a A-deficient ration and receiving additionally retinyl-acetate (control) and retinoic acid (experiment) the activity of the phospholipases A1 and A2, with 1-acyl-2(1-14C)-oleoyl-SN-glycero-3-galactosidase and acid phosphatase employed as a substrate, was investigated. In the testes of rats receiving retinyl-acetate the activity of the phospholipases A1 and A2 was greatly declining. An addition of retinyl to the testes homogenates of test rats contributed to re-establishing the activity of the phospholipases up to the control level. In the testes of rats receiving retinoic acid a reduced activity of the acid phosphatase and a rise of beta-galactosidase, as compared to their activity in controls was also demonstrable.


[Effect of different edible fats on the lipid metabolism of rats with experimental silicosis].

With a long-term (1 and 4 months) introduction of an additional amount of edible fats (beef, hog fats, butter, sunflower seed oil) to intact and intratracheally quartz-dust laden sexually mature male rats an organ-specific reaction to the supply of fat, and in intact rats, also some peculiarities of the reaction depending upon the kind of the introduced fats, were discovered. An additional administration of fats to rats with developing silicosis tended to increase accumulation of lipids in the lungs and led to a higher content of oxyproline in the lungs and liver, which bears proof to an adverse effect produced by the introduced fats on the lipids metabolism and the processes of silicotic fibrogenesis.


[Study of the effectiveness of using diets with a varying protein content during physical loads in an experiment on rats].

In experiments on rats subjected for 30 days to perform a graded muscular work (swimming) the influence produced by different levels of protein in the diet (6,18 and 30% by calorific value) on the accretion of body mass, physical work capacity, diurnal passage of total nitrogen, creatinine and creatine with urine was studied. At rest and following the maximum physical efforts the sugar, lactate and pyruvic acids levels were measured in the blood of rats. Food rations with low protein content (6% of the total caloricity), when used in conditions involving physical efforts, exerted an adverse effect on the growth, development and physical work capacity of the animals. The use of a protein-rich diet (30% by caloricity) did not show any substantial advantages over the standard one (18% of protein). In rats fed on diets with 18 and 30% of protein (in terms of caloricity) the body mass gain, physical work capacity and also the nature of changes in the content of lactate, pyruvate and sugar in the blood were the same.


[Pyridoxine allowance of the students in a sports school].

In 297 students of a physical culture institute examined in winter, spring, summer and autumn the passage of 4-pyridoxine acid with urine per hour on an empty stomach amounted to 33.6+/-2.1, 36.0+/-6,2, 38.9+/-2.9 and 32.0+/-2.2 gamma/h, respectively (the seasonal difference being unauthentic). The mean level of the study metabolite excretion with urine throughout the year was 35,0+/-2.3 gamma/h, and in 49.5% of the students its excretion was below 30 gamma which bore evidence to early biochemical signs pointing to deficiency of pyridoxine in the organism, while in 33.5% this figure varied from 30 to 50 gamma and only in 17% in was in line with the normal level established for practically healthy persons not doing any hard physical work. At the same time, the students demonstrated changes in the passage of 4-pyridoxine acid with urine depending upon their specialization in sports, some peculiarities of the sporting activity, additional taking of pyridoxine and other vitamins. It is suggested that the requirement of students-sportsmen in pyridoxine is 1 1/2-2 times as high as fixed in the standards recommended for all groups of the labour intensity.


[Role of the alimentary factor in the genesis and recurrences of peptic ulcer].

Dietetic history data covering 500 persons with duodenal ulcer, 200 of whom aged from 16 to 25 and 300--from 26 to 55 years, and recorded in a questionnaire of a medico-information chart were subjected to a detailed analysis with reference to a complex set of factors characterizing the pattern and qualitative peculiarities of the nutrition. Most of the examined (predominantly the young) demonstrated disordered pattern and quality of nourishment and imbalance of food rations. Of greatest frequency were perturbations in  the alimentation rhythm (in 76% of the youths and 81% of mature adults), abuse of carbohydrates, largely of easily assimilable ones (in 71 and 59% of the patients, respectively), excessive consumption of animal fats (in 64 and 41.5%), with insufficient intake of vegetable oils (in 82 and 69%), as well as insufficient consumption of raw vegetables and fruits (in 58 and 63%).


Anti-fab' antibodies in human sera. I. A study of their distribution in health and disease.

Antibodies to the Fab' fragments of human IgG are commonly found in human sera. This study shows that the incidence of such antibodies is higher in women, both blood donors and hospital patients, than in men: it is no higher in patients with malignant disease than in hospital patients of the same sex without malignancies. The incidence in hospital patients is always greater than in healthy blood donors. The presence of Fab' antibodies is not related to pregnancy. The greatest difference in the frequency of such antibodies occurs between males and females under the age of 50.


[Role of vitamin K in glycoprotein metabolism].

The content of hexos-amines and proteins in glycoproteins (perchloric acid-soluble) of the liver and blood serum of rats following an excess administration of vitamin K (vikasol) and its antagonists--pelenten and large doses of sodium salicylate for a space of 15 days was studied. With hypovitaminosis K the content of glycoproteins in the liver and blood serum declines, while the ratio of the proteins and hexose-amines-- goes up. With its simultaneous administration with pelentan vikasol prevents the development of these changes.


Increased expression in erythrocytic Ii antigens in sickle cell disease and sickle cell trait.

The reactivity of human erythrocytes with anti-I and anti-i sera was estimated in 36 normal adults, 18 individuals with sickle cell anemia and 27 individuals with sickle cell trait, by quantitative hemagglutination with a sensitive autoanalyzer system. SS erythrocytes showed significantly increased I and i reactivity when compared to normal erythrocytes. AS erythrocytes also demonstrated some increase in Ii reactivity. No correlation was found between erythrocytic HbF content and i reactivity.


Preparation and properties of a therapeutic factor IX concentrate.

A method for the large-scale preparation of a coagulation factor IX concentrate from human plasma is described. The method includes absorption of the coagulation factors from cryosupernatant plasma to DEAE-Sephadex, extensive washing of the gel and elution of the coagulation factors with 0.5 M phosphate buffer at 6.85, followed by desalting of the eluate in a column of Sephadex G-25, then by lyophilization, dissolving and sterile filtration, and finally by freeze-drying of the final product. Experiments performed with HBsAg-positive plasma demonstrated a decrease in the HBsAg content by a factor of 10(-5) during the process. The product is inactive in a Na-PTT assay. The process yields an about 100-fold purified factor IX concentrate containing also factors II, VII, and X, but in relatively smaller amounts. The average yield relative to factor IX is 60%. The batch size has been from 16 to 150 litres of plasma and about 300 batches of the concentrate have been prepared. About 5,100 bottle (about 4.0 X 10(6) U of factor IX) of the concentrate have been used in the treatment of patients with haemophilia B. The clinical effect has always been good and the in vivo response to factor IX was 1.15 +/- 0.30%/U/kg body weight. Two cases of HBsAg-negative hepatitis that may have been caused by the concentrate, were detected. No thrombotic complications were found.


[Inclusion of chufa in the human diet as a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids].

In 2 experiments lasting 30 days each with participation of 6 volunteers the possibility of daily consumption in the diet of chufa in an amount allowing for minimal requirement of the organism in polyunsaturated fatty acids was studied. The experimental food ration accorded with individual requirements in its basic components. None of the participating volunteers demonstrated any untoward deviations of objective and subjective nature in their health status. For a month chufa was introduced daily at the rate of 1.7 g per kg of body weight.


[Characteristics of the process of oxidation of fats of diverse character during storage].

The process of various commercial fats, such as cod oil, edible whale and sperm oil, as well as sunflower seed oil oxidation occurring under the effect of atmospheric oxygen was investigated. The susceptibility of fats to oxidation was found to be determined by the degree of their unsaturation, conditioned by the composition of fatty acids. During oxidation of cod and edible whale oil under test conditions there takes place decomposition of biologically active acids with 5 and 6 double bonds, which is most strongly pronounced in unsaturated cod oil and thus bears witness to a materially diminished nutritional value of these oils. The data obtained proves the advisability of storing different fats under dissimilar conditions and confirm the need for using highly effective means for inhibiting the processes of the cod oil oxidation, this  oil being used for medical purposes.


Plateletpheresis using the haemonetics model 30 cell separator.

Plateletpheresis using the Haemonetics Model 30 cell separator results in a mean collection of 5.5 X 10(11) platelets. This product contains substantial numbers of erythrocytes and mononuclear cells which can be effectively removed by centrifugation but with a 23% loss of platelets as well. The mean decrement in donor's platelet count during the procedure, which is 78,000/mm3, is not commensurate with the number of platelets collected suggesting donor platelet mobilization. Platelets collected by this technic, when transfused into unselected recipients, give platelet increments comparable to platelets produced in the standard batch manner.


[Effect of different food rations on nonspecific immunological reactivity indices in guinea pigs].

The highest activity of nonspecific immunity factors (phagocytic activity of the blood leucocytes, lysozyme and complementary activity of the blood sera) was defected in guinea pigs receiving food rations containing 19% of protein and 16% of roughage. These data jestify recommending to feed the test guinea pigs on granulated products, this being more convenient and suitable than using natural ones.


Automated blood grouping of patients and blood donors using Groupamatic 360 S and a separate mini-computer. System description and evaluation.

An automated blood-grouping system for all kinds of blood samples is described. The system is built upon Groupamatic 360 S and a separate mini-computer. Both the laboratory and the clerical work is automated. Blood group replies are given on coloured punch cards in the Scandinavian blood group colours. Lists of different groups of samples can be compiled. After 1 year of routine use, the refusal rate is about 5%. The system is reliable and rapid, and permits saving, both of manpower and reagents.


Laboratory and clinical effects of the infusion of ACD solution during plateletpheresis.

Transfusion of massive amounts of citrate anticoagulated blood during plateletpheresis with the intermittent flow centrifuge can produce symptoms and electrocardiographic changes suggestive of hypocalcemia. Following 15 procedures the ionized calcium decreased by an average of 32.4%, the average postpheresis serum citrate was 26.7 mg/dl and the QT interval was prolonged by 0.08 sec. Twelve plateletphereses performed with half-strength ACD solution caused an average decrease in ionized calcium of 16%, serum citrate levels of 12.5 mg/dl and QT prolongation of 0.04 sec. No donors experienced significant clinical symptoms with citrate infusion rates of less than 65 mg/kg/h. Solutions with citrate concentrations lower than ACD-A should be developed for use in plateletpheresis procedures involving citrate infusion rates greater than this.


Studies on new process procedures in plasma fractionation on an industrial scale. IV. Comparison of two semipermeable membrane systems for the concentration of albumin solutions.

Two semipermeable membrane systems for the production of salt-poor, concentrated human albumin preparations for clinical use are compared. A very efficient method, on an industrial scale, is obtained by the combination of gel filtration and ultrafiltration.


A chromatographic procedure for the purification of human plasma albumin.

Albumin is obtainable from human blood plasma by an ion exchange chromatographic procedure in a yield of about 95% and a purity well above Pharmacopoeia requirements. Cryosupernatant, factor IX depleted plasma is precipitated with 12 and 25% w/v polyethylene glycol 4000. The second precipitate is dissolved to 8% w/v protein and applied to a DEAE-Sephadex A-50 or a DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B column. Albumin is further purified by chromatography on SP-Sephadex C-50. Gel filtration on Sephadex G-25 is used for desalting prior to lyophilization. The process has been initially designed for fractionation of 50 litres plasma/week but can be further scaled up to meet considerably higher capacity requirements.


[Changes in the amino acid makeup of "Ocean" krill paste from the methods of its culinary preparation].

The amino acids composition of the crayfish "Ocean" paste subjected to defrosting at 4-8 and 18-20 degrees C and subsequent culinary heat treatment by various methods, including cooking, frying and baking, was investigated by means of an automatic amino acids analyzer. As a result of these investigations and calculation of the chemical score for 8 essential amino acids by using the FAO/WHO method a high biological value of the "Ocean" paste was established. For the majority of essential amino acids the ascore even surpasses the level of amino acids recommended by FAO/WHO. The limitative amino acids include the sulphur-containing ones (89%). On frying and baking the relative content of these amino acids decreases and their score declines down to 79 and 76%, respectively. In cooking the paste it rises up to 95% at the expense of a relative increase in the content of the most of the amino acid, including methionine. Defrosting of the paste at temperature of up to 20 degrees does not affect materially its amino acids composition.


[Possible use of a sunflower protein isolate in preparing dishes for public catering].

Results derived from an investigation into the possibility of utilizing the proteinic sunflower isolate (PSFI) in cooking meals with minced and comminuted meat are presented. A method of enriching meals with PSFI during their preparation has been devised and their pepsin digestibility investigated.


[Experiences with ambulatory cytodiagnosis of the thyroid gland].

It is reported on 250 needle biopsies of the thyroid gland above all in scintigraphically cold nodes. In altogether 57% of the patients either a fully inconspicuous cell picture or degenerative findings not suspicious for malignity were present. In 28% of the cases a cyst of the thyroid gland was the result. Four tumours were cytologically established; a small carcinoma in a large nodular struma was not recognized by puncture. According to corresponding opinions the needle biopsy of the thyroid gland is a valuable supplementation of the ambulant diagnostics of the thyroid gland.


[Diagnosis and therapy of malignant thyroid neoplasms].

On 155 patients (114 women and 41 men), who from 1965 to 1975 underwent a combined operative, radiological and hormonal treatment, the advantages of a planned interdisciplinary therapeutic procedure in malignant tumours of the thyroid gland are demonstrated. The histological classification was performed according to the nomenclature of the WHO. In 94 cases we had to do with differentiated epithelial tumours, 61 times with undifferentiated tumours. 36 patients were younger than 40 years, in general the 6th to 7th decennium was preferred. In clinical and nuclear-medical suspicion to malignoma the aspiration biopsy was carried out with a thin needle. 252 biopsies brought 39 times findings suspicious to tumour, in 20 cases the suspicion was confirmed by operation. The mean survival time after the complex therapy described was 2 1/4 years in the undifferentiated tumours, in differentiated carcinomas 4 years. Up to now 25 patients reached the 5-year-limit. The lethality was loaded above all by late stages. The planned interdisciplinary proceeding in suitable centres is able to improve the chances of success in early diagnosing including the punction cytology.


[Current aspects in the diagnosis and therapy of hypothyroidism].

Also at present hypothyroidism is frequently not recognised, especially its discrete forms of the course should be more included in differential-diagnostic considerations. Decisive is the clinical anamnestic suspicion which, after exhaustion of the laboratory-diagnostic possibilities, will justify the application of probatory therapy, even on a relatively large scale. This disease deserves secial regard, taking into consideration its beneficial and well practicable therapeutic influencibility and, on the other hand, its sever prognostic consequences to the subject in case of therapeutic neglect. The problems of therapy are not so much consisting in the occurrence of side-effects or in a non-optimal choice of drugs, but the more in a delayed onset, low dosage or interruption of the therapy.


[Epidermiology and associated risk factors of hyperlipoproteinemia].

With the world-wide increase of the number of ischemic heart diseases the significance of the so-called factors of risk which initiate an arteriosclerosis or can deteriorate it, respectively, has increased. In the Dresden study concerning the most important factors of risk we found the following frequencies: obesity 8.2%, hyperlipoproteinemia 7.4%, hyperuricemia 3.8%, diabetes mellitus 2.0%, hypertension 17.2% and smoking 30.3%. From the investigations results the great significance of the combination of factors of risk which has a potentiating effect. The hyperlipoproteinemias of type III-V most frequently show a disturbed carbohydrate tolerance and hypertension. In them also the most frequent severe changes of the ECG appear. Myocardial infarctions concerned above all type II-IV. Apparantly concerning the vascular system patients with the combination hyperlipoproteinemia and carbohydrate metabolism are particularly endangered. The "metabolic syndrome" (obesity, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipoproteinemia, hyperuricemia, steatosis hepatis) with the increase of the viscosity of blood and plasma as well as disturbances of coagulation together with other factors of risk further the development of arteriosclerosis or has a directing influence on it. Nevertheless, the concept of the significance of the factors of risk is not able to predict the risk in every case. With the help of the apoproteins the metabolic risk is to be more exactly estimated by the determination of the lipid values in the individual classes of lipids or by classification.


[A contribution to the pathogenesy of letal paraquat poisoning (author's transl)].

Case reports of severe lung damage in patients treated with oxygen following paraquat poisoning lead the autors to design an experiment, in which the contributory role of oxygen was tested. It was shown on rats that administration of oxygen in paraquat - intoxicated rats causes, already in the LD50/20 dosage of paraquat, death in all experimental animals during the first 24 hours. Light and electron microscopic examination revealed edema, desquamation of alveolar epithelium with cell destruction of typ I and Typ II pneumocytes and total denudation of the alveolar basement membrane. Alveolar macrophages participated in the removal of the cellular debris. The toxic substance itself was not detectable in the blood of the rats 24 hours or later after the oral application.


Carboxyhemoglobin concentrations in fire victims and in cases of fatal carbon monoxide poisoning.

The study comprises an eleven-year autopsy material of 141 cases from the Institute of Forensic Medicine, Oslo. The fatal level of carboxyhemoglobin concentration is calculate from cases of pure carbon monoxide poisoning. Carboxyhemoglobin concentrations below this level are found in approximately thirty percent of the fire victims. Alcohol intoxication, present in many fire victims, is not related to low corboxyhemoglobin concentrations.


[Calculation of the probability of paternity and of the chance of paternity exclusion for the HLA system using only the typing results from the child and the putative father (author's transl)].

A method for the calculation of the probability of paternity for the HLA system using only the typing results from the child and the putative father, without taking into account the data of the mother, is presented. Furthermore, the usability of the formulas by Mayr and Pausch (Z. Immun.-Forsch. 150, 447 (1975)) for the computation of the chance of paternity exclusion in such cases is demonstrated.


[Therapeutic concentrations of chlormethiazol in blood and their detection (author's transl)].

Chlormethiazol in body-fluids and tissues is measured with a sensitive gaschromatographic method. The blood-concentration is a reference point for calculating the dosage and effect of chlormethiazol especially in medical questions of behaviour in traffic. The blood levels after a single and also long-term dosage were determined.