[Technique and results of the colon conduit, continent by means of a new magnetic stoma seal. An animal experiment study. Enterocystoplasty as model of continent urinary diversion. Review and comparison of the results of colocystoplasty, coloprostatoplasty and colourethroplasty (authors transl)].

On the basis of satisfactory results with a new magnetic stoma seal in colostomy patients, this seal, consisting of a magnetic ring and cap, was used in an experimental study to convert the colonic conduit into a continent reservoir. The aim of the study, involving 16 dogs, was to find a method of ring implantation that would avoid infection of the ring and yield complete continence in a higher percentage than had been achieved so far in patients. Complete continence was obtained in all animals but there was a 75% incidence of immediate and delayed infection of the magnetic ring when the ring was inserted transcutaneously. In contrast, all rings were well accepted by the tissue when the procedure was staged with the ring being implanted transperitoneally several weeks prior to fashioning of the conduit. The general problems arising from the colonic conduit when used as continent reservoir are known from the results of colocystoplasty, coloprostatoplasty and colourethroplasty, which are reviewed and compared with our observations. Residual urine was low due to an ideal energy-balance pattern. Coloureteric reflux was successfully prevented in all cases operated on by a long-tunnel modification of the Leadbetter-Clarke technique. Hyperchloremic acidosis and renal function deterioration were not observed. All conduits were infected.


[Diagnostic and surgical errors in congenital hydronephrosis in children].

34 children with congenital hydronephrosis, operated upon for erroneosly diagnosed acute appendicitis (17), malignant tumor (11), and ileus (8), were under observation. To prevent from unwarranted surgical interventions in dubious cases excretory urography and other x-ray and instrumental methods of examination must be used widely. After the removal of an unchanged vermiform process in children, suffering from abdominal pain, the examination of the urinary tract is indicated. Such patients should be under dispensary observation of a children's surgeon.


[Therapeutic effectiveness of gelvisol in acute hemorrhage].

The results of a comparative study of the effect of the gelvisol therapeutic solution for the peroral administration, elaborated by A. N. Filatov, L. G. Bogomolova, V. S. Suslova and I. G. Andrianova in 1971, upon the clinical course of acute blood loss are summed up in this article. Experimentally on 50 dogs it was shown that at the loss of 40% of CBV the hemodynamic effect of gelvisol administration exceeds that of intragastral administration of 5% glucose, but is not as good as intravenous gelatinol injection. In the clinic gelatinol has been used successfully in 50 cases of blood loss equal to 10-12 ml/kg of body weight. No complications due to the administration of the preparation are noted.


[Surgical tactics in drainage of the thoracic duct].

A method of finding the thoracic lymphatic duct, paracentetic method of its opening, method of the fixation of the catheter, ensuring a longlasting withdrawal of the lymph, are described.


[Ischemic necrosis of the stomach stump wall after distal resection].

The author has observed ischemic necrosis of the stomach stump wall after distal resection in 4 patients. The clinical picture of the complication and prophylactic measures are described.


[Diagnosis and treatment of cardiospasm].

The treatment by means of bloodless dilatation was carried out upon 82 cases of cardiospasm. Good results were achieved in 80 cases the results were satisfactory. An improved method of cardiodilatation is described.


[Results of surgical treatment of acute gastro-duodenal ulcers and erosions complicated by profuse hemorrhage].

25 cases were operated upon at the climax of a massive gastrointestinal bleeding from acute ulcers and erosions. Among them 20 patients underwent stomach resection. One patient died from pancreonecrosis within the early postoperative period. There were no cases of the recurrence of bleeding. Excellent late results were found in 12 of 17 cases, in other 5 cases the results were good.


[Mortality in peptic ulcer hemorrhage and ways of its reduction].

The authors have studied the results of the treatment of 9688 cases with hemorrhage of ulcer etiology. The authors believe that the lowering of the lethality in repeated or primary profuse hemorrhage may be attained through a surgical intervention at the height of hemorrhage.


[Effect of orotic acid on the regeneration processes after gastrectomy].

Experiments on animals have shown a favourable effect of orotic acid upon reparative regeneration processes in injured abdominal wall and stomach. In the clinic the administration of orotic acid favoured the decrease of the incidence of postoperative complications from 32% to 14% and the acceleration of the wound healing by 30%.


[Prevention of suppurative complications considering the risk of their occurrence].

The efficacy of a mark-grading system for the prognosis of the occurrence of suppuration in acquired and congenital heart diseases is analyzed in this work. The mathematical relationship between the sum of marks of the risk and the probability of the occurrence of purulent complication is proved. On the grounds of the found phenomenon a group of patients with high risk of purulent complications, needing some supplementary prophylactic procedures, has been selected. A complex of medicamental and organizational measures has been devised, which ensured more than 1.5-fold decrease of the incidence of surgical infection in high risk patients following operations with extracorporeal circulation.


[Non-surgical removal of calculi left in the bile ducts].

The experience with non-surgical treatment of 8 patients with calculi left in the bile ducts in presence of external drainage of the hepatocholedochus is set forth. Various procedures were used: washing ofthe bile ducts, injection of heparinized physiological solution into the bile ducts and removal of the calculi with the help of Dormia's probe. Good results were obtained in all 8 cases. No repeated operations were needed.


[Removal of residual calculi of the bile ducts].

Residual gall-stones were removed from the common bile duct in 11 patients. The removal was carried out through fistulous passage or by pushing the gall-stones into the duodenum.


[Changes of the leukocytic index of intoxication in pancreatitis].

When studying the leucocytic index of intoxication (LII) in 94 pancreatitis cases the highest values of it were found in case of destructive forms of the disease. In patients with edematous and chronic pancreatitis LII values were smaller. No correlation between LII and urine diastase was found. LII permits to assess impartially the degree of intoxication in various forms of pancreatitis.


[Surgical tactics in cases of foreign bodies of the gastrointestinal tract].

The experiments on 30 dogs and observation over 186 patients suggest that the indications for the operation in case of foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract depend on the shape and size of the foreign body and on the time during which it has been fixed in one place.


[Variant of the descent operation with preservation of the sphincter in cancer of the distal end of the rectum].

A new variant of the operation for cancer of the rectum with a partial preservation of the natural function of the obturator apparatus is suggested. The method consists in the keeping of the anal constrictor muscular ring, the vascularization and innervation of which are brought about by preservation of two portions of the muscles rising the anus. The operation carried out upon 7 patients has shown fair immediate and early results.


[Classification and pathogenetic mechanisms of fever reactions in surgical practice].

Based on clinical observations and investigations carried out in 150 patients the authors suggest the classification of hyperthermic reactions, in which metabolic, regulatory, malignant, bacterial, nocious, infusion and artificial forms are distinguished. Pathogenetic mechanisms of the development, typical of all these forms, their clinical symptomocomplex, characteristic features of laboratory and functional diagnostics, the main principles of therapy are reported. In patients with energetic disbalance an aimed differential therapy is found to be highly effective.


[Use of droperidol and seduxen for preanesthetic medication in surgical treatment of mitral valve stenosis].

According to the authors' data, droperidol (5-10 mg.) or seduxen (15-25 mg.), injected intramuscularly 90-120 minutes before operation, are more efficient than the premedication by traditional scheme (barbamil, pipolphene, promedol and atropine).


[Anestheasia in minor surgery].

The analysis of anesthesiological accessories in carrying out some surgical interventions of short duration or painful manipulations on 652 patients has been performed. In 527 of them the intravenous narcosis was applied, therewith in 390 cases muscle relaxants were injected and artificial pulmonary ventilation was done without intubation of the trachea. In other patients mask narcosis or combined anesthesia were applied.


[Burns of the respiratory tract].

The authors observed 167 cases with thermal burns of the respiratory tract and body integument. According to the authors' data the mortality among these cases reaches 72.4%. The treatment of such patients should be a complex one. The authors prefer the microtracheostomy and consider this operation to be a compulsory one for the most of the burned with the second degree burns of the respiratory tract.


[Remote results of surgical treatment of chronic nonspecific suppurative lung diseases under conditions of Extreme North].

137 patients, who underwent various lung operations under the conditions of the Extreme North, were examined within the period from 1.5 to 9 years after operation. Good results were found in 87 patients (63.5%), satisfactory ones in 30 patients (20.9%) and poor results - in 20 patients (14.6%).


[Non-surgical method of treatment of dislocation of the acromial end of the clavicle].

An apparatus for reposition and fixation of the clavicle in case of the dislocation, in the acromioclavicular joint is described. The method was used in the treatment of 60 patients. There were 57 good results, and in 3 cases the results were fair.


[Relaparotomy in the early period after appendectomy in children with acute appendicitis].

The experience with 102 relaparotomies in children for complications following the operations for acute appendicitis is analyzed. The repeated operation should be a minimal one, as to its volume, and sparing in character.


[Congenital cystic transformation of the common bile duct in children].

By now the world literature counts 955 observations on congenital cystic enlargement of the common bile duct. The authors add 14 own observations of this rather rare pathology. Preoperative diagnosis is still difficult. The intravenous cholegraphy remains the best diagnostic procedure. The choledochocystoduodenostomy is justified by its usefulness and is the most frequently used. The late results of the treatment are good. An unfavourable prognosis is present only in cases with preoperative chronic hepatitis, cholangitis or pancreatitis, as these diseases are likely to aggravate later on.


[Temporal characteristics of the movement of the cut-off elements of artificial heart valves in a pulsing flow].

A comparative investigation of time characteristics of the movement of artificial heart valves with spherical, hemispherical and lentil-shaped obturative elements under non-stationary conditions was carried out. It has been found that it is practically impossible to avoid the delay in the valve closing and opening, as well as the regurgitation phenomena, on the valve prothesis, due to the inertia of obturative elements and attached masses. A searching for new models of the heart valves should go on.


[Classification of postoperative hernias of the anterior abdominal wall].

The author has developed and suggested a classification of hernias of the anterior abdominal wall. The new classification is grounded on observations over numerous clinical manifestations and peculiarities of the disease and subdivides these hernias according to the condition and shape of the hernia sac, localization, number and size of the hernias, time of the occurrence and incidence rate of the hernia following an operation, presence of concommitant diseases and the degree of disability of the patients.


[Anatomical and surgical justification for selective catheterization of the thoracic lymphatic duct and thoracic arteries for infusion immunochemotherapy of breast cancer].

An anatomo-topographic and operative study aimed at the elaboration of approaches and methods of the catheterization of the thoracic lympheduct and of the selective catheterization of the internal thoracic, external thoracic and acromiothoracic arteries for the regional infusion of activated proper lymphocytes and chemopreparations in breast cancer was carried out on 25 cadavers. An experimental injection of stained solutions proved that the selective catheterization of the thoracic arteries allows to create a significant concentration of injected drugs in the breast and regional lymphatic nodes without their propagation into adjacent regions, which is different from other methods of the regional chemotherapy in breast cancer.


[Clinical aspects and classification of echinococcosis].

350 cases of alveococcosis were examined with the use of clinical and generally available methods of laboratory analysis. This study helped to find out the characteristic symptoms of the disease and their incidence rate. A clinico-anatomical classification of alveoccoccosis, based on local and general manifestations, localization of a primary focus, anatomic form of the growth of an alveococcal node and the degree of its propagation in the liver parenchima, has been developed. The suggested classification promotes a correct construction of a detailed clinical diagnosis and complete solution of the problems of therapeutic tactics.


[Characteristics of the classification of acute cholecystitis in the elderly].

On the grounds of the analysis of 1300 case records and own observations with the use of angioscopy and angiography the authors have come to the conclusion that acute cholecystitis in elderly individuals results from the blood supply disorder in the gallbladder wall, caused by the thrombosis of the vascular branches of the cystic artery. They have suggested the classification of acute cholecystitis, mirroring the stage character of the disease and the nature of pathological changes in the gallbladder.


[Late results of the surgical treatment of calculus-free cholecystitis].

On the grounds of the experience with 72 cases of non-calculous cholecystitis the authors describe the characteristic features and sequelae of the disease. The authors recommend to use endoscopy methods widely with the goal to differentiate this pathology from any other biliary pancreato-duodenal pathology in order to elaborate adequate surgical indications for patients suffering from non-calculous cholecystitis.


[Primary cancer of the stump of the stomach resected for peptic ulcer].

According to the author's data initial carcinoma of the stomach stump occurs more often after the resection for peptic ulcer, than after the duodenal ulcer surgery. In this case the character of surgical intervention depends upon the degree of the propagation of the tumor and on the patient's general condition.


[Decompression duodenostomy in the prevention and treatment of incompetence of duodenal stump sutures].

The use of decompressive duodenostomy for the prevention of the incompetence of the duodenal stump sutures of a poorly sutured duodenal stump in stomach resection in 6 cases gave satisfactory results in all the observations. The author is convinced that the decompression of the duodenum by means of the duodenostomy in the incompetence of the duodenal stump sutures decreases significantly the leakage of the intestinal contents between the sutures, which ensures the involution of peritonitis. The patients get rid of an abundant soaking of the bandage, which is very troublesome for them.


[Diagnosis and surgical treatment of functional disorders of the cardia in duodenal ulcer].

The article deals with the problem of the functional status of the cardia in duodenal ulcer. The cardial function was studied in 27 patients with complicated duodenal ulcer. The results make it possible to judge about the degree of manifestation of cardia insufficiency. While tackling the problem of a character of surgical intervention upon the duodenal ulcer cases it is necessary, in author's opinion, to take into consideration the results of the functional examination of the cardia.


[Treatment of external intestinal fistulae].

The authors observed 105 cases of external intestinal fistula of various localization and found that the destruction of the intestinal wall under the conditions of suppurative peritonitis, together with the tampons and drainage tubes inserted into the abdominal cavity and left there for a long period of time, constitute the main causes of the occurrnce of intestinal fistula. Surgical treatment of a lip-shaped fistula (63 cases) of the small intestine and colon, mainly by the intraabdominal method, was carried out. Tubular fistula was closed conservatively in 22 cases. The intestinal motor activity was studied in 20 cases and potassium iodide resorption was investigated in the experiments on 20 animals. Some practically important recommendations are given.


[Nature of the relation of acute appendicitis morbidity to meteorological and heliogeophysical factors].

The authors analyzed 2009 appendicitis case records for the period from 1964 to 1973. In a sea climate region an evident season distribution of the apendicitis morbidity was found, with the rise of the incidence rate in January, March and April. The rise of the appendicitis incidence rate during the periods of vast fluctuations of air temperature, increase of air humidity and decrease of actual duration of sun radiance was established. The rise of the incidence of acute appendicitis was also noted during the months of a great and extremely great magnetic storms.


[Comparative evaulation of different methods of draining the mediastinum in treating posterior suppurative mediastinitis].

A comparative study of the effectiveness of various methods of the drainage of the mediastinum was carried out on the grounds of the analysis of the clinical course and lethality in two groups of patients. The drainage of the mediastinum by means of two double-gap silicon tubes, followed by flowing-fractional washing and aspiration from the purulent cavity, applied in 40 patients, proved to be the most effective.


[Clinical and x-ray aspects of the diagnosis of multiple primary malignant tumors of the colon].

On the grounds of the study of 78 cases with malignant tumors of the colon it has been found that multiple cancer of the colon and rectum has no specific clinical picture- the fact which hinders the diagnosis of this condition. As there is a possibility of the metachronic development of the colon multiple tumors it should be recommended to keep all the patients operated upon for a neoplasm of this organ under a continuous dispensary observation.


[Diagnosis and the results of treatment of aseptic necrosis of the femoral head].

Some early symptoms of devascular femoral head necrosis are covered in the paper together with the results of surgical treatment of 48 cases. Both extra- and intraarticular operations were performed. The extraatricular interventions proved to be the best: intertrochanteric medializing osteotomies, drilling of the canal with introduction of cortical bone grafts into the femoral neck and head and tunnelization followed by the replacement of the femoral head defect with autospongy bone tissue.


[Pharmacolymphography].

With the goal of accelerating the contrast-medium injection at the lymphography and improving the contrasting of the vessels and node conduction system the authors applied a variety of pharmacological preparations: Ridol (G. Richter), Nospanum (Quinoine, HPR), Arfonadum (Hoffman-La Rochet, Switzerland), Xavinum (Quinoine) etc. in 110 cases of various malignant neoplasms. All the selected drugs are, to a greater or lesser extent, of a vasodilative effect. It has been found that Ridol together with the combination of Novocaine and Nospanum produce a pronounced lymphotropic effect. Pharmacolymphography with these preparations contributes to the shortening of the time necessary for the injection of contrast-medium and also improves the image of the intermediate node sinuses and of the thoracic duct.


[Contrastless venography in the diagnosis of varicosities of the subcutaneous veins of the lower extremities].

The results of the use of non-contrast venography in a surgical clinic on 38 patients with chronic venous defficiency and on 45 patients suspected of varicosis are generalized in this article. The obtained findings allow to recommend this method as a part of a complex examination of patients with various venous pathology of the lower extremities. Non-contrast venography method is described in this paper.


The surgical treatment of equine fractures.

The current trends in equine fracture treatment are reviewed. Surgical approach, method of fixation, the advantages of Association for the Study of Internal Fixation (ASIF) implants and the complications of treatment are discussed with reference to 21 fracture cases. Normal limb function was restored in four horses with fractures of the olecranon and one with a mid shaft fracture of the tibia following stabilisation of the fracture with plates. A horse with a chip fracture of the distal radius and three other animals with fractures of the lateral condyle of the third metacarpal bone were also successfully treated with lag screws to stabilise the fractures. Treatment of the remaining 13 horses was unsuccessful as a result of refracture or infection. This group included horses with fractures of the radius (three cases), the third metatarsal bone (three cases), proximal epiphysis of the tibia (two cases) and five foals with mid shaft fractures of the femur.


Serological response in mares affected by contagious equine metritis 1977.

A serum agglutination and antiglobulin test is described for the detection of antibodies to the contagious equine metritis organism. A provisional interpretation of the test is proposed and using this interpretation the results of 66 such tests are discussed.


Morphology, histology and functional anatomy of the canine cranial cruciate ligament.

Morphologically the canine cranial cruciate ligament can be divided into a cranio-medial and caudo-lateral component which perform reciprocal functions at all angles of flexion of the stifle joint. Histologically the main constituents of these two components are bundles of longitudinally orientated collagen fibre. The results of the study of the effect of partial and total sectioning of the cranial cruciate ligament on the "anterior-draw" movement implied that the relatively minor degree of movement, elicited following sectioning of either of the components of the ligament, would not be detected under clinical conditions. For joint instability to be clinically detectable most of the ligament must have ruptured, or the intact portion must have undergone degenerative or disruptive changes.


An outbreak of monensin poisoning in adult turkeys.

Monensin, fed in excess of 200 ppm caused mortality in Triple 5 and Triple 6 turkeys aged 25 weeks old and over. Mortality commenced three to four days after administering feed containing monensin and ceased three to five days after it was removed. This concentration of drug did not have any detectable adverse effects on Triple 5 turkeys fed from day old, four weeks old, or 11 weeks old for periods of two weeks.


Small animal husbandry: what should be taught?

As far as the small animals are concerned, animal husbandry refers to animal welfare and management. There are five main areas of undergraduate instruction in this subject--normal animal behaviour, nutritional requirements, restraint, housing and management in disease. University education, vacational studies and personal experience all provide important sources of knowledge. Most university instruction in small animal welfare and management is provided in the clinical courses where extensive care material can be utilised in practical teaching. Integration of the animal husbandry and clinical courses is to be encouraged.


Quantification of obstetric traction.

Measurements of factors involved in the degree of traction exerted during obstetric cases were carried out. Bovine material force was approximately 150 lbs. Maximum manual effort would be approximately four times this and mechanical traction would be at least 50 per cent higher again. A workable maternal fetal ratio was established for use in cases of fetal oversize. Possible quantification of other factors is also discussed.


Salmonella gona infection in sheep.

A field outbreak of salmonellosis due to Salmonella agona in sheep and some subsequent experimental work is described. While the field outbreak in pregnant ewes and neonatal lambs caused severe losses the experimental disease in non-pregnant sheep was mild and transient. S agona was not isolated from the carcases of the experimental sheep killed after 28 days post infection but it persisted for 69 days in the faeces of one ewe which was kept alive for three months. Media comparisons indicated that selenite enrichment broths incubated at 43 degrees C and plated on to brilliant green agar gave the most satisfactory cultural results.


Biochemical changes in horses during a 50-mile endurance ride.

Blood samples were taken from 15 horses before and after a 50-mile ride to examine the changes occurring in some biochemical constituents. There was a significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in plasma potassium, calcium and magnesium concentrations and a rise in inorganic phosphate but there was no alteration in plasma sodium, chloride or protein levels or change in haematocrit. After the ride there was a highly significant (P less than 0.01) fall in blood glucose corresponding with increased lipolysis and a rise in plasma free fatty acids (P less than 0.001) and glycerol (P less than 0.001). There was a modest increase in blood lactate and a rise in plasma creatine phosphokinase. The results of this preliminary investigation are discussed in relation to the problem of exhaustion in horses during endurance rides.


Non-surgical recovery of bovine embryos.

The non-surgical recovery of bovine embryos was examined using a three-lumen PVC catheter passed to the tip of each uterine horn. The recovery of eggs placed in Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline, with protein was very efficient whether in boiling tubes or funnels. In the absence of protein egg recovery was considerably lower. In a group of 42 heifers, superovulated on two occasions, embryos were recovered non-surgically on day 7 after the first superovulation (Day 0 = oestrus) and surgically after the second. Laparotomy was performed on each occasion and the number of corpora lutea counted. Ovulation rate was lower at the second superovulation and a correspondingly greater recovery of embryos was obtained surgically (P less than 0.02). Non-surgical recovery rates from anaesthetised cows and heifers and from standing sedated heifers were found to be similar. The distance of the catheter tip from the utero-tubal junction (UTJ) significantly affected recovery rate (P less than 0.001). Best results were obtained when the catheter tip was within 5 cm of the UTJ. Most embryos were recovered in the first 100 ml of recovered medium. The method compares favourably with other reported methods.


Serum immune globulin status of purchased calves: an unreliable guide to viability and performance.

The circulating immune globulin levels and weights of 40 bought-in calves were measured as the group was introduced into a commercial calf rearing enterprise. Records of growth rate and mortality were kept during the 11 to 12 weeks the group remained on the premises. This was repeated with five further batches. No relationship could be found between the recorded performance parameters of the calves and either the immune globulin content of their serum or their weight at purchase.


A simple technique for measurement of pressure in the tympanitic rumen of cattle.

The construction and method of use of a simple device for the non-invasive measurement of intra-rumenal pressure is outlined. Results obtained from calves suffering from increased intra-rumenal pressure (bloat) are shown. The method is capable of quantifying pressures involved in bloat and could be used to augment the visual assessment of bloat scoring.


Discrete prostatic (paraprostatic) cysts in the dog.

A description is given of the history, clinical features, surgery, outcome and pathology of 12 dogs with discrete prostatic cysts over 50 ml in volume. The dogs were middle-aged and presented with either urinary or alimentary signs or both. The cyst was usually palpable in the posterior abdomen as a smooth, non-painful mass, readily demonstrable on contrast radiography (pneumocystogram). Attempts were made to drain and resect the cysts, but resection often proved difficult due to its attachment to the region of bladder neck and ureters. In no case could the origin be shown to be from an enlarged uterus masculinus. The cyst content was invariably sterile, but its nature and the pathology of the cyst wall varied considerably between individuals. Since the long-term outcome was only satisfactory in three cases, the prognosis must be guarded.


A field trial of 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (1alpha-OH D3) in the prevention of milk fever.

The efficacy of 1alpha-OH cholecalciferol for the prevention of milk fever has been tested in a controlled field trial using 597 cows on 19 farms all of which had previously had a high incidence of milk fever. Of 293 cows receiving 1alpha-OH cholecalciferol 34 had milk fever and of 304 control cows 51 had milk fever. Although there was an apparent efficacy of 31 per cent the difference in incidence was not statistically significant. There was no effect if 1alpha-OH cholecalciferol was administered less than 24 hours before the cows succumbed to milk fever. However, if 1alpha-OH cholecalciferol was administered more than 24 hours and less than one week before the occurrence of milk fever the efficacy increased to 61 per cent and the effect was highly significant.


1alpha hydroxycholecalciferol in the prevention of milk fever.

During the 12 months commencing July 1976 the animals in a herd of 400 Friesian cows which were carrying their second or later calf were injected intramuscularly with either microgram of 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol in 5 ml aqueous carrier or with 5 ml of carrier. The injections were randomised so that 135 of the 269 injected cows received the drug and 134 received the carrier solution. Ten of the experimental group (7.4 per cent) and 22 of the control group (16.4 per cent) had to be treated for milk fever, (P less than 0.08). The protective effect was greatest, (P less than 0.001), when the cows calved between one and eight days after injection of the drug.


[Expansion of the indications for sphincter-preserving operations in rectal cancer].

The authors present the analysis of 353 abdomino-anal resections of the rectum with a pull-through procedure on the colon. Different postoperative complications were noted in 88 patients (24.9%), 59 of them (16.7%) developed complications typical for the procedure concerned (necrosis of the descended colon, colovaginal fistula). Due to a high level of the descended colon necrosis 24 patients (6.7%) were subjected to the reoperation - a double trunk transversostomy to exclude feces. In 37 patients with necrosis of the descended intestine a principally new method of treatment with colonic enemas was employed. As a result, there was a possibility to avoid colostomy and to liquidate diastasis between the descended colon and anal canal in 33 patients. The postoperative mortality among patients, subjected to abdomino-anal resection of the rectum with a pull-through procedure on different portions of the colon, made 3.1 per cent.


[Surgical treatment of rectal cancer].

The author presents on analysis of the treatment of pathological patients, admitted to the Chair of Hospital Surgery of Kuibyshev Medical Institute named after D. I. Uljyanov, for a 32-year period. A total number of patients-21.590, 1.702 of them were treated for rectal cancer, and 1.250 fo these (73.4) were radically operated upon. Three basic types of radical surgery performed by the author are described, as well as the method of the postoperative management of the patients (chemotherapy, etc). A survival over 5 years was noted 46.5% and over 10 years in 18.1% of radically operated patients.


[Acid-base equilibrium in rectal cancer under combined therapy].

Under study were the indices of the acid-base condition of blood in 49 patients with rectal cancer at different stages of the combined therapy (intensive telegamma therapy and surgery). The control group comprised 47 analogous patients subjected to surgical therapy solely. A mixed respiratory-metablic acidosis with signs of tissue hypoxia was noted prior to the treatment. Following irradiation and during the operative procedure these changes would aggravate. In irradiated patients these disorders are manifest to a greater extent and age dependent on the duration of the operative procedure, blood losses and the amount of transfused donor blood. If there are no complications, then such disorders resume their initial level or are normalized to the 1st-3d day postoperatively. To correct metabolic acidosis in the irradiated patients more intesive medication measures would be required.


[Results of treating the late complications of patients radically operated on for rectal cancer].

Based on the study of the causes of rehospitalization of 323 patients. Previously operated upon for rectal cancer, it was found that 91 patients developed late postoperative complications, 96 - recurrences, 45 - distant metastases and 51 - metachronous tumors. Among surgical complications colostome strictures in the anal region (37), mucosa prolapse (26) and paracolonic fistulas (23) were most frequently observed. The analysis of treatment for tumor recurrences (96) and distant metastases (45) indicated that surgical excision seems to be mostly effective as a radical procedure. The effect of electrocoagulation in recurrences is somewhate inferior to surgery but still it is appreciable enough. The use of irradiation, chemotherapy, palliative operations fails to produce any appreciable effect on patients' lifeterms.


[Pathogenesis of polyposis of the large intestine].

As a result of the complex investigation of the functional-morphological status of the small intestine, it was shown that polyposis of the colon is associated with a natural involvement of the small intestine in the pathological process. It is felt that the pathology of the small intestine per se is one of the major pathogenetic trains of colonic polyposis, while its clinical manifestation is the result of the functional-morphological imcompetency of compensatory-adaptive reactions in the digestion system.


[Combined transplacental carcinogenic action of N-nitrosomethylurea (NMU) and N-nitrosoethylurea (NEU) in rats].

To reveal the relationship between teratogenesis and carcinogenesis, the author studied brain blastomogenesis features against the background of the development of deformities induced by the combined transplacental effect of NMU and NEU. To induce brain defects such as microcephaly NMU was injected on the 15th day, whereas to induce cerebellar defects- on the 21st day of embryogenesis. Moreover, at the 13th or 17th day NEU was additionally injected, which is found to be highly effective for inducing brain tumors. It was found that in NMU exposure (at the 15th day) until NEU exposure (at the 17th day of embryogenesis) no reliable decrease in brain tumor occurrence was noted, compared with that if only NEU was employed. In the reverse sequence, i. e. first the exposure to NEU (at the 13th day) and then to NMU (at the 15th day) the occurrence of tumors located in cerebral hemisphers was 3 times less. It is assumed that cytotoxic effect of NMU leading to microcephaly is likely to cause the death of a considerable amount of cell population previously transformed.


[Development of malignant tumors in rats under the influence of nickel-containing aerosols].

The authors conducted observations of 70 nonpedigree white rats, subjected to inhalation, intraperitoneal or intratracheal effect of nickel-containing dusts (feinstein, nickel monoxide) typical for nickel black production. It was found that intraperitoneal injection of feinstein dusts after 6-15 months was followed by the development of sarcomas at the site of injection (in 6 of 39 rats). Following inhalation dusting with feinstein dust in one of 5 cases squamous cell lung carcinoma without keratinization has arisen. Intracheal injection of nickel monoxide dust resulted in the development of squamous cell lung carcinoma without keratinization in one of 26 rats. In control series no tumors were found. The data obtained indicate the blastomogenic effect of dusts of nickel black production and are in keeping with the results of epidemiological studies and dictate the necessity of radical measures of the combat against dust at nickel-production plants.


[Antitumor action of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) and the effectiveness of a combination with sarcolysine].

Therapeutic properties of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) were studied on 12 strains of transplantable tumors and leukemias in mice. The compound is characterized by a wide spectrum of antitumor action. The greatest effect was gained in adenocarcinoma of the lage intestine (strain AKATOL), proventricular cancer (strain PRG) and adenocarcinoma of the mammary gland (strain Ca-755). The terms of survival in mice with leukemia (strain La and L-1210) and ascites hepatoma 22 are increased considerably. In some L-1210 animals the complete cure was noted. Cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) may be effectively combined with sarcolysin. Much greater antitumor effect was obtained on 3 tumor strains (AKATOL, Ca-755 and sarcoma 37) with the combined therapy than with each drug used separately. The histological study of Ca-755 during chemotherapy indicated that immunocompetent cells of the organism play an important role in the mechanism of antitumor action of the platinum complex. This is manifested in the development of intensive lymphohistiocytic reaction around and inside the tumor. A damage to the convoluted tubules of the kidney and intestinal villi is one of the main adverse side-effects of the combination.


[Choice of the method of operation in rectal cancer].

The analysis of 257 radical operations of the rectum for cancer, made comparatively for 2 decades period, indicated that the increase of the experience and skill of surgical specialists and current successes in practical surgery and anesthesiology ran parallel to the increased amount of sphincter-preserving operations - from 15% in 1964 to 52% in 1976. The advantages of abdomino-anal resection with a pull-through procedure are emphasized.


[Improvement in the functional and morphological mononuclear blood cell indices under the influence of miscleron].

Taking into account the conception of metabolic immunosuppression, arising in the case when fatty acids but no glucose serves as the basic energetic substrate, the authors have studied the effect of miscleron (clofibrate, athromid-S) on a number of hormonal-metabolic and immune indices. It is shown that miscleron in addition to decreasing the blood level of cholesterol, beta-lipoproteids, triglycerids, free fatty acids, cortisol and reducing 17-ketosteroids excretion, produces higher indices of the blasttransformation reaction, induced by FHA, an increased phagocytic index of monocytes, a rise in the level of peroxidase and lysosomal activity of monocytes. Miscleron and other substances lowering the lipid level in blood should be examined in patients with nonlymphoid types of tumors both with the aim to eliminate metabolic immunosuppression and to retard the rate of tumor cells growth due to a reduced level of low density lipoproteins.


[Therapeutic effect from the combined action of pyrogenal and irradiation on sarcoma 45 in rats].

The use of pyrogenal associated with radiotherapy in the experiment (rat sarcoma-45) contributes to a successful realization of radiotherapeutic effect, longer life-terms and non-recurrence period, the increased number of completely cured and survived animals. Pyrogenal would produce no adverse side-effects.


[Aspects of the combined treatment of rectal cancer].

A comparative estimation of the results of the treatment for rectal cancer in 2 groups of patients has shown the number of postoperative complications following the combined method to be 68.5%, while in surgical method-51.4%. Greater incidence of complications was dependent on the technic of irradiation employed, and to a certain extent, could be due to a more pronounced reduction of the sympatho-adrenal system activity and immunobiological reactivity of the organism in this group of patients. The postoperative mortality was approximately the same and yielded 9.9% in the combined and 11.7% in surgical treatment.


[Diagnosis and treatment of malignant polyps of the rectum and sigmoid].

By means of cytological and histological methods of investigation malignant transformation of rectal and sigmoid polyps was revealed in 6.3% among 127 patients suffering polyps. Electroexcision of tumors resulting in persistent cure is felt to be the method of choice in treatment of such patients.


[Abdominoanal resections of the rectum in cancer].

The positive aspects of abdomino-anal resections are as follows: their radicality (a 5-year postoperative survival - in 64.8% of patients, a 10-year survival - in 47.3%), somewhat low rate of the postoperative mortality (5.5%), excellent, good and satisfactory function of the sphincter was noted in 79.6%. Whereas its shortcomings are necroses of the rectum following the pull-through procedures, necessitating a double-trunk colostomy to be performed in 2.4% of patients, and the impaired sphincter functioning. Some measures to reduce the mentioned complications are suggested. The study is based on 417 observations.


[Pituitary neoplasms extending into the nasal cavity and their needle biopsy cytodiagnosis].

In 5.5% of 126 patients treated for hypophyseal tumors at the Burdenko Institute of Neurosurgery, AMS USSR for 12 months, spread of the new growth to the nasal cavity was revealed. The tumor was usually located in the posterosuperior parts of the nose and was discovered on anterior rhinoscopy only after the nasal mucosa had been carefully anemized, particularly with the use of a nasal dilator with a lamp on its end specially designed by us. Spread of a hypophyseal tumor to the nasal cavity was encountered when the tumor was very large and grew regularly in all directions or when it was marked by selective infrasellarg growth in the direction of the sphenoidal sinus. Cytologic examination of the punctate made it possible to determine the presence of the hypophyseal tumor and its character (benign, malignant) and differentiate it from other new growths and from c.s.p. cysts.


[Regional-cerebral and systemic hemodynamic disorders in brain tumors].

The results of a combined electro-physiological study of cerebral circulation, peripheral circulation and cardiac activity in 100 patients with supratentorial tumors of the brain were examined. Regional-cerebral and systemic hemodynamic disorders increase with the development of intracranial hypertension and in a definite way depend on the histological structure of the new growth and the effect of the median brain structure.


[Diagnostic possibilities and prospects for the use of thermovision in neurosurgical clinical practice].

On the basis of examination of 130 patients, the authors describe for the first time the thermovision syndromes of cerebral tumors, intracranial hematomas, posttraumatic cranial defects, tumors of the spinal cord, Schmorl' body, injuries to the peripheral nerves, and some other neurosurgical pathologic conditions. The mechanisms of the origin of thermoasymmetry are discussed. The diagnostic possibilities and the prospects of thermovision in neurosurgery are disclosed.


[Topographoanatomic prerequisites for radical surgery of craniopharyngiomas].

Sixty-seven patients with craniopharyngioma were tested by total (41) or subtotal (26) resection of the tumor. The possibility for radical removal of a craniopharyngioma depends on the size of the tumor and the character of its growth and on the peculiarities of its relation with the abjoining structures, i.e. the sella turcica, third ventricle, optic chiasm, and the vessels of the cerebral base. The tendency to perform radical operations for endosuprasellar craniopharyngiomas may be undertaken if it is possible to achieve atraumatic separation of the capsule of the tumor from the structures forming its seat under the floor of the third ventricle. The results of radical interventions for suprasellar intraventricular craniopharyngiomas are less favourable due to the marked macro- and microstructural changes in the hypothalamic and thalamic parts of the brain.


[Method of continuous direct recording of arterial pressure from a mercury manometer].

The article describes a transducer for continuous recording of the readings of a mercury manometer in which, to simplify the construction and calibration, the transducer of pressure changes to electric current changes is made of high-resistant (nichrome) wire passed through the tube of the mercury manometer and incorporated in the circuit of the measuring bridge.


[Association of persistent primitive trigeminal artery and an aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery].

A case in which the persisting trigeminal artery is combined with arterial aneurysm is described. This is the 26th case with such combination reported in the world literature and the 4th with combination with an aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery. The arterial aneurysm was manifested by two subarachnoid hemorrhages, and the persisting trigeminal artery only by mild dysfunction of the first branch of the trigeminal nerve. The case described is an additional proof in favour of the theory of the congenital origin of arterial aneurysms of the brain.


["Moyamoya" disease].

The article discusses the clinical picture, diagnosis, and treatment of a rare pathologic condition of the cerebral vessels known by the Japanese name "moyamoya". Six cases with this disease among adults are described. Three patients had ischemic attacks, two young females were found to have intracerebral hematomas which were successfully evacuated. In one case the vascular anomaly became evident after a craniocerebral trauma and was manifested by subarachnoid hemorrhage and infarction in the subcortical structures.


[Determination of the optimal amount of protein in the diet in chronic enteritis].

In patients with chronic enteritis the curative effect of diets containing 135 and 160 g of protein was studied. The optimal action was found to produce a diet containing 135 g of protein. An increase of the protein proportion up to 160 g does not improve the clinical efficacy of the diet, nor does it increase the retention of nitrogen. It augments above the normal level the elimination of epinephrine with urine, which is followed by the appearance of creatinuria and an elevated oxygen deficiency in the urine. The dietary with 135 g of protein is to be continued for a lengthy period of time, for it is no sooner than after 1 1/2-2 months of the cure that there appears a tendency toward normalization of the body mass and concentration of ninhydrin-positively responding compounds in the blood serum.


[Structuring rational nutrition for the workers of the Baikal-Amur mainline route].

The paper carries information on the requirement in calorific supply, basic nutritional and biologically active substances of some occupational groups of workers engaged in the construction of the railroad. Substantiation is given to the choice of average daily assortments of food products and an analysis of the actual nutritional pattern is presented.


[Schoolchild nutrition in the Lithuanian SSR].

The nutrition of schoolchildren was studied on the ground of questionnaires, physiological characteristics of the schoolchildrens' organism, by considering their protein and vitamin C allowances and also by the nourishment status of children, these being classified according to groups of physical development adopted in the USSR.


[Analysis of the daily human requirements for thiamine in the newly arrived population of Polar regions].

The erythrocytes transketolase activity and the TDP-effect were determined in persons residing in the regions beyond the polar circle and these demonstrated a moderate thiamine deficiency. The daily thiamine intake with food in the examined did not exceed 1.5 mg, the thiamine-diphosphate of the epoenzyme amounting to 90 per cent. Following introduction of various pharmacological preparations of vitamin B1 for a space of 2 weeks a somewhat greater transketolase activity and a diminution of the TDP-effect were observed. Administration of cocarboxylase and vitamin B1 with Mg and gelatin more favourable changes were obtained. Some macro- and micro-elements were found to exercise a positive effect on the thiamine assimilation by the tissues. The results obtained indicate that the daily thiamine requirement (allowance) of man in the North does not surpass 1.5-2.0 mg. To control hypovitaminoses in the North it is more effective to use natural vitamin-carriers rather than pharmacological preparations of vitamin B1.


[Effect of different food stimuli on pancreatic exocrine function in ontogeny].

The fermentative adaptation of the pancreas to the quality of food through determination of the amylase, lipase and proteases activity in the contents of the small intestine and the gland homogenate on an empty stomach and 2 hours feeding on the egg white, bread and walnuts were studied in chickens aged 1-60 days. The 1-2 day old chicken are shown to lack the ability to adapt the gamut of pancreatic enzymes to the quality of the stimulant. This ability appears on the 5th day and becomes persistent by the 20th day of life. The adaptability of pancreatic enzymes manifests itself in a predominant rise of the lipolytic activity of the chyme after feeding on a fat stimulant and in the activity of proteases after feeding on protein. In paultry of the age under consideration the fermentative adaptability to carbohydrate food is lacking.


[Energy requirements of workers in the coke chemical industry].

Energy spent by workers engaged in the basic departments of a coke-chemical plant during working hours and performing operations after the Douglas-Holdeine method was measured and total energy expenditures during separate periods of the day and as a whole determined. Depending upon their jobs the energy spent by the workers during working hours varies within a range of 825 to 1860 Kcal. The energy expenditure during the time outside work, including sleep, amounts to from 1482 up to 1756 Kcal. As concerns the calorific requirements of their alimentation the workers of coke-chemical industry are subdivided into 5 groups of labour-intensity within an interval of from 2500 to 3600 kcal (for men) and from 2200 to 3100 kcal (for women).


[Determination of the N-nitrosamine content in meat and meat products].

Samples of meat and meat products for the content therein of carcinogenic N-nitrose-amines were subjected to a fluorometric analysis. In case of positive results the presence of NA was confirmed by cromate-mass-spectrometric and/or mass-spectrometric methods. The mean value for the concentrations of dimethyl-nitrose-amine, diethyl-nitrose-amine and nitrose-piperidine in meat products is within the ranges of 1.5-5.4, 1.0-6.1, 0.9-23.4 gamma/kg, respectively. NA was not found in meat.


[Effect of sodium on the content and distribution of nicotinic acid in animal organs].

Tests conducted on rats kept for 2 months on a food ration deficient of sodium demonstrated a reduced concentration of nicotinic acid in the liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, brain and the muscles. In these conditions of the experiment intraperitoneal administration of 14C-nicotinic acid resulted in a greater incorporation of the tag in the organs of test animals as compared with controls. A particularly clearcut increase of such incorporation occurs with a 12-hour exposure.


[Hygienic evaluation of Euparen fungicide residues in food products].

Euparene (N1,N1-dimethyl-N-phenyl-fluorine-dichlormethylthiosulfamide) is a highly effective fungicide used in controlling a number of fungus infections affecting grapes and strawberries. Following chemical treatment it is found on these agricultural crops both as a starting product and in the form of its metabolite (N1,N-dimethyl-N-phenyl diamide sulfide), whose residual quantities exceed, at times, those of the original compound itself. The organoleptic properties of grapes change with the content of the above substances of not less than 10 mg/kg. Euparene belongs to the category of compounds with little and medium-toxic and moderately pronounced cumulative properties (LD50 for rats -- 4630 mg/kg, for mice -- 1905 mg/kg, for guinea pigs -- 805 mg/kg. Cummulation coefficient with introduction of 1/20 LD50: for mice -- 3.7, for guinea pigs -- 3.3). In a chronic 10-month long experiment the threshold dose of the preparation was set at a level of 5.4 mg/kg, and subliminal -- at 1.6 mg/kg. The metabolite proved to be somewhat more toxic, but less cumulative than euparene (LD50 for mice -- 820 mg/kg, cumulation coefficient -- over 5). The permissible residual concentration (PRC) of euparene and its metabolite in grapes is recommended at a level of 1.3 mg/kg (total), while in strawberries it is not permitted at all. In the case of grapes the "expectation time" should be 30 days with the consumption of the preparation of up to 3 kg per hectar and in that of strawberries -- 15 days and its consumption of up to 1.2 kg/he.


[Clinical use of the apex carotid diagram in mitral stenosis].

Apex-carotid diagram (ACD) is a new mechanic-cardiographic method, consisting in integration of carotis-sphygmogram and apex-cardiogram in one diagram. In the present work, 121 patients with mitral stenosis were examined. ACD in mitral stenosis is characterized by an extension of the field of ventricle filling (p less than 0.05) and diminished angle alpha' (p less than 0.001). A reliable correlation was established between the values of angle alpha' and the mean pressure in the left ventricle r = -0.88, p less than 0.001 with a standard deviation of +/- mm Hg.


[Vascular impressions on the renal cavitary system].

The clinical significance of forty vascular impressions confirmed at pyelographies and angiographies and based on clinical material is discussed. The vascular impressions upon the cavity system of the kidney is pointed to lead to urostasis with complications, being the sequelae of it. A scheme of their own is presented by the authors for the morbid disorders ethiopathogenetically conditioned by the vascular impressions on the cavity system of the kidney.


[Pulmonary changes in myocardial infarct].

The authors examined 90 patients with myocardial infarction with a view to the lung changes developed and especially to the manifestations of pulmonary stasis. Series of face roentgenographies of the lungs were made of the patients in lying down position. In 76,7 per cent of the patients X-ray findings of pulmonary stasis were found. The dilated veins in the upper lung lobes are the earliest and most frequent manifestations, suggesting congestion. They are found in 23,3 per cent of the cases. Most important, among the X-ray findings, according to the authors, are those of perivascular edema--hilus images with widened and indistinct lines (24,4%). The X-ray findings of lung congestion and interstitial edema are early symptoms of pulmonary edema, in case the physical data from the lung examinations are negative. The therapeutic measures, at that stage, could prevent the development of a severe and very often fatal edema of the lungs.


[Radioisotopic diagnosis of regional lung functions in occupational lung diseases].

The results are reported from the radioisotope investigations of the regional blood supply, ventilation and difussion of 133 Xenon from four zones of both lungs in 78 patients with all stages of silicosis and 43 patients with chronic bronchitis--emphysema. Unsystemic and scattered focal disturbances of the separate respiration processes are established. They should be given consideration separately and together with the classical non-isotope investigations, with a view to the making of a precise functional diagnosis and occupational expertise, because they reflect the changes due to the basic disease as well as the other accompanying lung diseases as pneumosclerosis, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, tumors, etc. The complete safety, lack of unpleasant procedures for the patient and sufficient accuracy urge their wider application in practice, including as screening tests.


[Analysis of hospital mortality in myocardial infarct].

Hospital lethality was studied in myocardial infarction which was 24.9 per cent for the period 1973--1976 with a decreasing tendency during the last two years. The study covers 134 deceased of myocardial infarction at an average age of 70,78, their pathologoanatomical findings in the coronary arteries and localization of the nectrotic zone. In 49,26 per cent the case was that of repeated myocardial infarction, thus raising the lethality in the first 24 hours after hospital admission with 70,9 dead up to the 7th day. The analysis of the lethality causes revealed that according to the relative share they were as follows: acute cardiovascular failure, cardiac rupture, acute rhythm and conductivity disturbances, pulmonary embolism, inflammatory lung diseases, etc. No correlation was found between arterial hypertension, cigarette smoking and diabetes mellitus and the leading lethality cause.


[Diagnosis of gastric polyposis].

The authors report that they applied the adrenaline test in their practice, in determining the cardio-vascular system state in patients with gastric polyposis. They examined 16 patients with gastric polyposis by the adrenaline test and found that the maximal arterial pressure was lowered, instead of elevated, as the normal effect of adrenaline. Similar data were obtained in patients with gastric carcinoma. It is obvious that in carcinoma and precarcinoma state of the stomach, as gastric polyposis should be treated as precarcinogenic state and should be operated. The application of the adrenaline test in a complex with the rest of the investigations help us in making the correct and timely diagnosis.


[Case of an immigrant with Balkan endemic nefropathy].

The author describes a female patient with Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) born in a non-endemic village of Sofia district, who at the age of 23, after her marriage, emigrated to an endemic village of Vratza district and after living 38 years in that village, got sick and died. The case was confirmed pathohisto-morphologically. The case is a contribution to the clinical development of BEN and solves definitely the problem that emigrants suffer that disease after a long period living in an endemic settlement.


[Case of Schönlein-Hennoch disease with severe endo- and extracapillary glomerulonephritis].

A case of female-patient is reported with Schönlein-Henoch disease together with manifestations for an endo- and extracapillary glomerulonephritis, confirmed by needle biopsy. The latter were manifested 20 days after the disease onset with decreased concentration capacity of the kidneys, diminished clearances of creatinine and urea, a considerable proteinuria, without hyperazotemia, with hypercholesterinemia and hypertension. No essential improvement developed with the treatment with glycocorticoids and indomethacine in the course of four months.


[Right bundle-branch block depending on the cardiac frequency].

Two cases with paroxysmal tachycardia are described. A transitory right bundle branch block was induced, lasting from twenty to forty minutes, with the medicament controlling of the paroxysms. The transitory bundle branch block is explained by an existing lesion of one of the His bundle branches. A brief literature survey is presented and the experience in paroxysms treatment is shared.


[Pancreatic exocrine secretion in cancer of the pancreas].

Pancreatic exocrine secretion was studied in 22 patients with pancreas cancer. In 17 of patients the diagnosis was made at operation. In all patients examined the pancreocymine-secretin test according to Herfort was performed. The results were compared with those of a control group of 30 healthy subjects. In 95.5 per cent of the examined a statistically significant decreased hydrobicabonate and enzyme secretion was found. The changes in the pancreatic secretion are characterized by the presence of a total secretory deficiency, with a significant diminution ( p less than 0.001) of all parameters of pancreatic secretion.


[Pathologicoanatomic analysis of deaths from acute myocardial infarct with and without arterial hypertension].

Analysis was performed on 220 cases--decreased with acute myocardial infarction, subdivided into two groups--not hypertonics and hypertonics. The average age of the decreased with acute myocardial infarction with arterial hypertension is higher. Substantial differences are absent in the carriers of coronary type, degree of atherosclerotic affection and coronaries myocardiosclerosis and past infarctions, preceding the development of the acute myocardial infarction, being the cause of the death. Coronary thrombosis, mural thrombosis, acute aneurysms, and embolic complications in the systemic and pulmonary circulation proved to be more frequent among hypertonic. Discrepancies are absent as regards the localization of the necrotic zone and involvment of the ventricular muscles. Rupture incidence in both groups is very high and almost the same--over 25 per cent. External ruptures are found to be more frequent, being most often posterior in hypertonics. Parillary ruptures are characteristic for them. No difference is established concerning the exitus. Left ventricle insufficiency ranks first for both groups--over 67 per cent; second to follow are the heart ruptures with tamponade--about 20 per cent; and third--the arterial embolias in systemic circulation--9--10 per cent.


[Hemodynamic classification of 2d-stage mitral stenosis].

Thirty patients with mitral stenosis were examined according to the Bakulev-Damir classification during right heart catheterization at rest, with loading and during the rehabilitation period. The relationships found between the extent of the resistance at rest and the character of the degree of its changes at loading, reflecting the stenosis evolution, provide grounds for the differentiation of four stages, four substages resp., in its classification, namely: Second A substage with sinus rhythm, without included protective reaction of a. Pulmonalis periphery at rest, with markedly manifested peripheral vasodilation with loading. Second B substage with sinus rhythm, protective reaction of a. Pulmonalis periphery at rest included to a lesser degree, excluded loading, with a following manifested vasodilation. Second C substage with absolute arrhythmia, included to a lesser degree protective reaction of a. Pulmonalis periphery at rest, excluded with loading, with a following slighter vasodilation. Second D substage with sinus rhythm, included protective reaction at a. Pulmonalis periphery at rest, considerably intensified with loading. The extent and dynamics of the rest of the values studied are followed up in the separate stenosis substages aiming at their complete hemodynamic characterization. The pathogenetic mechanism of the pulmonary edema in the second stenosis stage is analyzed, not rarely conditioning the clinical pardox "minor stenosis of mitral valve with menacing pulmonary edemas".


[Sick sinus node syndrome and the transitory collapse of the R wave in myocardial infarct].

The authors observed 40 patients (7.79%) with the morbid sinus node syndrome among the treated 526 patients with acute myocardial infarction at the department of intensive care during the period 1973--1976. Thirty one were males and nine--females. The syndrome was manifested, in all patients followed up, during the first 14 days after the onsed of the coronary incidence. One case was with a lethal end. Ten patients (1.90%) were observed with the syndrome "transitory collapse of R-deflection" in the separate precordial leads. Half of them had a combination of both syndromes. The collapse of R-deflection was manifested between the 3rd and 14th day in all cases. The character and incidence of rhythm-conductivity disturbances accompanying both syndromes are discussed.


[Sick sinus node syndrome].

The clinical and ECG findings of four cases with sinuatrial nodal disease are reported. The first case is characterized by sharply manifested rhythm bradycardia, the second--be a considerable heterotropic rhythm from the atrioventricular combination, the third--sinu-atrial block and the fourth--typical example of Tachycardisa-Bradycardia syndrome. In all four cases, episodes of syncopes are present, due to an extreme sinus bradycardia, conductivity block in sinu-atrial zone and possible re-entry mechanism of tachycardia paroxysms in case with Tychycardia-Bradycardia syndrome.


[Biochemical and x-ray changes in thyroid osteopathy].

Moderately elevated calcemia, increased urine calcium excretion, normal values of phosphate clearance and tubular phosphate resorption, elevated alkaline phosphatase were found in 50 patients with clinically confirmed thyrotoxicosis. With calcium loading, an essential calcium elevation in serum was determined as well as a delayed restoration to the norm of the latter, providing grounds to admit an insufficiency of hypocalcemia leading systems, thyrocalcitonine resp. The characteristic features of the X-ray changes observed are described, especially of osteoporosis. The bone changes were established to be more frequent among females (64% versus 204 among males). They increase in parallel with age advancing, during and severity of the disease. The special X-grams for fine analysis of bone structure according to Meema-Heunk enable the confirmation of intracortical striation in metacarpal bones and phalanges in 56.7 per cent of the examined.


[Bone isoenzyme fraction of alkaline phosphatase in patients undergoing prolonged hemodialysis treatment].

The values of serum concentration of alkaline phosphatase and of bone isoenzyme fraction, determined by thermal inactivation of serum were followed up in 42 patients with chronic renal insufficieny, treated with hemodialysis for a long time. The authors found that the elevation of those valuse correlates with the degree of the manifested changes in the bone skeleton. Attention is paid to the fact that the determination of bone and liver isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase could help the earlier diagnosis of bone changes and infectious hepatitis, both being frequent complications in patients treated with hemodialysis.


[Hepatorenal lesions in acute acetone poisoning].

Lesions of the parenchymal organs, not described so far, were found in two males and two females with acute acetone intoxication, besides the well known morbid changes in the gastrointestinal tract and ZNS, regardless the energetic hepato--and nephroprotective treatment. In all patients (one of them inhaled acetone vapours and the rest swallowed the poison per os) liver lesion is present with the corresponding clinical manifestations and changes in the laboratory liver indices. In two of the per orally intoxicated, renal lesion was also found, manifested in a milder degree. The state of the parenchymal organs is necessary to be followed up carefully in case of acute acetone intoxications and a timely treatment with hepato- and nephroprotective drugs in large doses to be applied: glucocorticoids, glucose and levulose solutions, cocarboxylase, lipovitan, vitamin "C", "B1", "B2", "B12", calcium gluconate.


[Endoscopic retrograde pancreatocholangiography (ERPC) (a preliminary report of 2 cases)].

The application of two retrograde pancreato-cholangiographies is reported in patients with papillo-oditis and chronic pancreatitis. The advantages of the method for the diagnosis of the diseases of bile and pancreatic duct systems are stressed upon. Temporary and rapid transitory diastases elevation in serum and urine was observed without pancreatitis manifestations.


[The risk of lacticate acidosis: a comparison of the 3 biguanides in treatment of diabetics (authors' transl)].

Hyperlactaemia was induced by means of a standard exercise test in 10 diabetics receiving normal treatment with biguanides (either buformin, metformin, or phenformin) in combination with either a sulfonylurea or insulin. The treatment regimen was then continued without biguanides for 3 weeks and the exercise test was repeated at the end of this period. All 3 biguanide preparations induce hyperlactaemia in diabetics. Physical stress leads to an additional increase in lactate, which reaches pathological proportions. Discontinuation of biguanide treatment leads to a significant decrease in resting and stress values. In a comparison of the 3 biguanide products, phenformin induced significantly higher lactate values in response to exercise than buformin. Of the biguanides, phenformin appears to carry the greatest risk of causing hyperlactaemia in susceptible patients, induced by concurrent circumstances, with progression to severe lacticate acidosis. The special pharmacokinetic properties of phenformin and the 8-fold higher incidence of lacticate acidosis than under buformin or metformin therapy support this observation.


[Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the differential diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer (author's transl)].

The endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) findings in 30 patients with chronic pancreatitis and 25 cases of pancreatic cancer are presented in this report. The diagnosis was confirmed in every case by surgery or at autopsy. ERCP was found to be a reliable means of differentiating between pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis in most cases. Multiple lesions are typical of chronic pancreatitis. In solitary lesions a diagnosis can be reached only by consideration of the pancreatographic findings in conjunction with the clinical picture.


[Ultrasonic diagnosis of cardiac and abdominal diseases using real time b-scan technique (author's transl)].

After a short description of the physical principles of ultrasound, the indications and usefulness of the real time B-scan technique in the non-invasive diagnosis of cardiac and abdominal diseases are discussed. A correct diagnosis was made in 90% of the cardiac cases (valve abnormalities, pericardial effusion, cardiac aneurysm, cardiomyopathy), whereas the diagnosis by ultrasound was correct in only 81.1% of the abdominal cases (diffuse and localized liver diseases, pancreatitis, pancreatic cyst, carcinoma of the pancreas, cholelithiasis, renal cyst, renal tumours, aortic aneurysm). The advantages of the real time B-scan technique lie in the two-dimenstional clear representation of intracardiac and intraabdominal structures with the possibility of undertaking quantitative measurements. Furthermore, it is a non-invasive and safe method, which can be repeated as often as necessary and can complete the diagnositic spectrum of radiology, endoscopy and nuclear medicine.


[The diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma by combined endoscopic retrograde pancreatiography, aspiration cytology and carcinoembryonic antigen determination in the pancreatic secretion (author's transl)].

The reliability of diagnostic procedures in pancreatic disease can be significantly increased by the combination of endoscopic retrograde pancreaticography, determination of carcinoembryonic antigen and cytological examination of the aspirated pancreatic section. In the present study all cases of pancreatic carcinoma were correctly diagnosed by these methods. These combined diagnostic procedures seem to provide the basis for potential progress in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma.


The distribution and excretion of non-biodegradable anionic surfactants.

1. The metabolism of potassium 10-undecenyl [35S]sulphate and potassium 10-phenyldecyl [35S]sulphate was investigated in the rat. 2. The major route for elimination of radioactivity following potassium 10-undecenyl [35S]sulphate administration was urinary. With 10-phenyldecyl [35S]sulphate the major route of elimination was biliary. 3. Whole-body radioautography and isolated liver perfusion experiments established that both esters were concentrated in the liver, the major organ of metabolism. 4. Neither surfactant was degraded to short-chain anionic derivatives but both compounds were extensively metabolized.


Effect of tilorone hydrochloride on hepatic disposition of sulphobromophthalein (BSP) in the rat.

1. Biliary excretion of sulphobromophthalein (BSP) was studied in male rats after oral administration of tilorone HCl, an anti-viral and anti-tumour agent. 2. The stimulation of bile flow by BSP was decreased 1 h after tilorone administration; this decrease was no longer apparent 24 h later but a fall of basal bile flow was noted at that time. No changes in bile flow were observed 7 days after this single dose. 3. Repeated dosing with tilorone produced a dose-dependent increase in hepatic concentration of unchanged and metabolized tilorone. This was associated with a dose-dependent decrease of bile formation and BSP excretion. Bile acid excretion was depressed as well. 4. BSP metabolism was not significantly affected by tilorone administration.


Metabolism and urinary excretion of benzhexol in humans.

1. Benzhexol and three of its metabolites excreted in urine in man have been investigated by g.l.c.--mass spectrometry. 2. Three isomeric hydroxylated metabolites were identified as the 1-(hydroxycyclohexyl)-1-phenyl-3-piperidinopropan-1-ols. 3. The amounts of benzhexol and its identified metabolites have been semiquantitatively determined after a single oral dose in two healthy adults. Approx. 56% of the dose was excreted as the hydroxylated metabolites. The levels of benzhexol excreted were too low to be measured by the techniques used.


Glutathione conjugation of some xenobiotics by Ascaris suum and Moniezia expansa.

1. The cestode Moniezia expansa and the nematode Ascaris suum both possess enzymes catalysing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. 2. The GSH-S-aryl transferase (GSH-S-transferase A) was present in the cytosol of the cestode proglottids and of the nematode intestinal epithelial cells. Other tissues did not contain measurable activity. The enzymes from both species had mol. wt. of about 37 000 and broad pH optima around pH 8.3. Both enzymes were inhibited by Cu2+, Fe3+ and Hg2+ at 1 mM and stimulated by Co2+. 3. Neither M. expansa nor A. suum possessed measurable DDT dehydrochlorinase activity. GSH-S-epoxide transferase (GSH-S-transferase E) activity was indicated in both species; neither species effected the conjugation of bromo- or chlorobenzene. 4. Halogenated anthelmintics were not metabolized to GSH conjugates in the helminths studied and did not inhibit GSH-S-aryltransferase activity towards chlorodinitrobenzene.


The localization and some properties of the acetylsalicylic acid O-deacetylases of Ascaris lumbricoides var suum and Moniezia expansa.

1. Enzymes hydrolysing acetylsalicylic acid were found in the cytosol of the cestode, Moniezia expansa, and in the cytosol of the intestinal epithelial cells and cytosol of the reproductive tract of the nematode, Ascaris lumbricoides var suum. 2. Enzymes hydrolysing 2-naphthyl acetate and 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate were found throughout the proglottid of the cestode and in the reproductive tract, intestine, mesenchyme fluid and cuticle of the nematode. These enzymes had mol. wt. of 30 000-300 000 whereas those hydrolysing acetylsalicylic acid in both species had mol. wt. of about 87 000. 3. The acetylsalicylic acid hydrolases from both helminths showed pH optima of about 7.0, and activity was enhanced by Ca2+ and low-mol. wt. thiols. Cu2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Zn2+, La3+, F- and EDTA at 1 mM inhibited activity. N-Ethylmaleimide, p-chloromercuribenzoate, haloxon and paraoxon also inhibited hydrolase activity.


The fate of saccharin impurities. The excretion and metabolism of [14C]toluene-4-sulphonamide and 4-sulphamoyl[14C]benzoic acid in the rat.

1. 4-Sulphamoyl[carboxy-14C]benzoic acid was rapidly eliminateda after oral administration to rats (94% dose in 24 h). After 6 days most of the 14C (73-83% dose) was recovered in the urine with significant amounts (18-32% dose) in the faeces due to incomplete absorption. 2. The 14C in the urine and faeces was unchanged 4-sulphamoylbenzoic acid. No 14CO2 was detected in the expired air. 3. After oral administration of [methyl-14C]toluene-4-sulphonamide to rats the label was rapidly eliminated largely in the urine (66-89% dose) with little in the faeces (2-8% dose). The 14C in the faeces was 4-sulphamoylbenzoic acid, which probably originated in the tissues since the gut flora was unable to effect this biotransformation. 4. The urine of rats given [14C]toluene-4-sulphonamide contained 4-sulphamoylbenzoic acid as the major metabolite (93% of the urinary 14C) together with small amounts of unchanged compound (1.5-2.3% of urinary 14C), 4-sulphamoylbenzyl alcohol (2.0-3.9%), 4-sulphamoylbenzaldehyde (0-1.5%) and at higher doses N-acetyltoluene-4-sulphonamide (2.1-2.3%).


Biochemical and toxicological effects of combined exposure to 1,1,1-trichloroethane and trichloroethylene on rat liver and brain.

1. Inhalation exposure of adult male rats to a mixture of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (500 p.p.m.) and trichloroethylene (200 p.p.m.) for four days 6 h daily resulted in an accumulation of 1,1,1-trichloroethane in perirenal fat. Further exposure on the fifth day caused a rapid increase in various organ contents of both solvents with secondary depression of brain RNA. 2. The four-day exposure doubled the RNA content of liver and caused a slight decline in the concentrations of glutathione in liver. 3. The amount of cytochrome P-450 in liver was increased, as well as the overall mono-oxygenase activity, measured with styrene as substrate. During continuing treatment on the fifth day, styrene mono-oxygenase activity decreased, the activity after 6 h being only about 50% of that at the beginning of the fifth day of exposure. 4. UDP-glucuronosyl transferase activity (measured in digitonin-activated microsomes) was doubled by the four-day combined exposure to 1,1,1-trichloroethane and trichloroethylene. 5. The changes during the fifth day of exposure, e.g. rapid increase in the concentrations of solvents in organs, the detection of trichloroethylene in tissues and depression of mono-oxygenase activity, obviously also occurred during the exposures on days 1 to 4 and reverted during each post-exposure period.


[Development of the disease and autopsy findings in a case of malignant hemangioendothelioma of the right main bronchus (author's transl)].

The case of a 47-years-old woman with malignant hemangioendothelioma growing from the wall of the right main bronchus is reported. Due to its endobronchial growth, the tumor had led to early obliteration of the bronchus with atelectasis of the right lung, perforated the bronchial wall and had grown up in the mediastinum to the size of 8,5 X 7 X 5 cm bounded by a wall of fibrous tissue. The development of the disease had required about 3 month only on the whole. Exstirpation of the tumour had not been advisable owing to its unfavourable location. In spite of the considerable size of the tumour, no metastases have been founded in the autopsy.


[Bronchial haemangiopericytoma (author's transl)].

Primary haemangiopericytoma of the lung is very rare. Up to now 36 cases of lung origin have been reported in the world literature. All of them were peripheral lung tumours. In this paper report is given on a malignant (central) haemangiopericytoma of the right main bronchus in a 27 years old female. The clinical features, the morphological findings, the differential-diagnosis, the therapy and the prognosis of these lung tumours are discussed.


[Aerosoltherapy and operative aspects in cystic fibrotic children with sinusitis maxillaris (author's transl)].

Cystic fibrosis is often associated with chronic sinusitis maxillaris. Endonasal fenetration recommended improves aerosol efficiency on the mucosa and simultaneous improves swab and rinsing treatment.


[Organisation of work in an outpatients' department for pulmonary diseases and tuberculosis (author's transl)].

Within the work-sharing and cooperative process of socialist teamwork the organisation of work is a deduced essential condition (function) as well as an active influencing element of the management. It intends to make the collective fit to master a common task. Based on general scientific aspects of leadership some principles of organisation in an outpatients' department for pulmonary diseases and tuberculosis (German abbreviature: PALT) are explained, which also can be of advantage for other institutions of public health, if they are used ingeniously.


[On experiences with the new ultrasonic inhalation generator TuR USI 50 (author's transl)].

The paper deals with our experiences with the new TuR ultrasonic nebulizer USI 50, whose nebulizer chamber consists of glass and stainless steel. It works with an electronic feed system and has an electronically controlled heater for the production of thermoaerosols. In an alternating series of nearly 1,000 inhalations with normal and thermoaerosol, about 3/4 of the patients preferred thermoaerosol, about 20% preferred normal aerosol while 10% did not find any difference. According to our experiences the TuR USI 50 can be recommended for medical application.


[Electron microscopical and histochemical investigations of phagocytotic defense reaction of the lung in experimental mineral oil pneumonia (author's transl)].

Phagocytosis of foreign body material (mineral oil) by alveolar macrophages and interstitial localized macrophages is seen in early stages of mineral oil pneumonia studied by electron microscopy and histochemistry. Degradation of phagocytized mineral oil by phagolysosomes is seen in alveolar macrophages, appearing in final stages as empty vacuoles. In contrast, this hydrolytic degradation cannot be found in interstitially localized macrophages. In these cells the mineral oil is present in unchanged form. It seems to be likely that this retention of foreign body material is the reason of granuloma formation. As a non-specific result of mineral oil application there is observed an increased production and extrusion of osmiophilic material (surface active phospholipids) by large alveolar epithel cells.


[Sensitivity and specifitivity of the counterimmunoelectrophoresis for determination of precipitating antibodies (author's transl)].

Counterimmunoelectrophoresis (C.I.E.) is suitable for routine-work in clinical medicine to give quantitative evidence of precipitating antibodies. Sensitivity of this method is high (lowest level being 200 to 400 ng albumin/ml serum) and range of evidence being very broad (14-15 titer steps). The direction of migrations of proteins with anodal migration (Ig) is changed by carbamylation. The experience gained in more than 3,000 investigations, concerning methods and evaluation of the results, is reported in detail. Counterimmunoelectrophoresis is superior to immunoelectrophoresis and double diffusion (Ouchterlony) due to its higher sensitivity and to RAST or RIST by reason of its lower costs.


[Enzymehistochemical and immunopathological findings in the guinea pig lung after repeated doses of Freund's adjuvant (author's transl)].

An interstitial cell reaction was produced in guinea pigs by repeated doses of complete Freund's adjuvant. The resulting changes were investigated with enzymehistochemical and immunopathological methods. Histologically there were diffuse or focal interstitial infiltrations of histiocytes, lymphocytes, plasma cells, polymorphonuclear leucocytes and some eosinophils. Enzymehistochemically a strong activity of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase is found in an increased number of alveolar macrophages, in contrast to the poor enzyme content of the interstitial cell infiltrations. Only some granulomas with starting fibrosis, visible after 6 weeks, exhibit an activity of leucine aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase. Immunopathologically, with the aid of anti-guinea pig-globulin, no immunoglobulins could be detected in the lungs of all animals.


[Determination of glucose and fructose for the differential diagnosis of pleural effusions (author's transl)].

The glucose and fructose concentrations in the punctured liquid and the glucose effusion serum quotient were determined for 200 persons with pleural effusions of different genesis. It was tried to estimate the diagnostic value of this quotient for the differentiation of effusions of malignant, specific, nonspecific genesis and cardiac transsudations. A serum comparison value of the punctured fructose was determined in a control group of 30 persons with healthy metabolism value. The results of the examinations show, that a certain separation between the malignant and tuberculous exsudations is possible by means of the determination of glucose. The glucose level for the pleuritis exsudativa tuberculosa amounts to about 50 till 70 mg% whereas its value lies above the serum mean value for the malignant basic disease (glucose effusion serum quotient above 1). The determination of fructose seems to be limited suitable for the differentiation of the specific and nonspecific pleural diseases. The classification of the glucose and fructose concentrations has in relation with other examination parameters a differential diagnostic value, especially for the differentiation of malignant and specific pleural effusions. The tests for both parameters can be realized in every laboratory-clinical-chemistry.


[Does airways obstruction in children with asthma bronchial persist in the symptomfree interval? (author's transl)].

There is no doubt that asthmatic attack is creating symptoms of long-lasting obstruction. In symptom-free period many functional tests are quite normal. The most distinct changes found in that period of the diseases are the loss of elastic recoil and a raise of static compliance. This suggests that obstruction of any part of the airways cannot persist over the period of attacks.


[Bronchial obstruction by mucoid impaction--a frequent cause of atelectasis (author's transl)].

A frequent complication in abdominal and thoracic surgery is bronchial obstruction by mucous secretion with atelectasis in a part of the lungs. The author introduces two patients and describes clinical symptoms and the possibility of false diagnosis. Prevention and therapy are discussed.


[Thorotrast carcinoma of the lung--contribution to the genesis of carcinoma after application of thorotrast and of old bullet wound (author's transl)].

A bronchogenic carcinoma was found in the sphere of the scar in a fifty-years-old man who suffered in 1945, 27 years before his death, from a pulmonary bullet wound caused by war influence. The histological examination furthermore disclosed considerable autoradiographic secured deposits of thorotrast in the carcinoma and scar sphere. One may suppose that in connection with the treatment of the results of this injury a bronchography or a preparation of the fistula followed. All available cases of a beginning of carcinoma after a pulmonary bullet wound as well as all cases of carcinoma of the lungs after thorotrast incorporation found in literature were collected, critically sorted out and represented in schedules. A summary of questions of the causes and pathogenesis is given.


[The measurement of aerosol density of ultrasonic inhalation generators (author's transl)].

Measurements of the behaviour of ultrasonic USI-Nebulizers during operation were carried out using a simple photometric arrangement. It shows, that the electrically controlled feed system of USI 3 and USI 50 is superior to the far simpler chicken feed system of USI 3 and USI 50 is superior to the far simpler chicken feed system. For the inhalation of small amounts of medicament not using the feed system the measuring procedure for the remaining amount of medicament should be reconsidered.


[Fibrinous bronchitis in a child (case report) (author's transl)].

Report on a five years old with fibrinous bronchitis expectorating pasts of bronchial casts of the right lower lobe in all 16 times in 6 episodes lasting one to two weeks. Etiology and pathogenesis could not be elucidate.


[Studies on the pharmacokinetics of C-14 cinnamic-acid derivatives in rats].

Using some 14C-labelled derivatives of cinnamic acid which are of interest as metabolites of chlorogenic acid we studied their pharmacokinetic behaviour in rats. The absorption rate constant from intestinal was 2--10 times greater than the elimination rate constant. After i.v. application the half life of elimination from the blood was between 13 and 37 minutes. When greater amounts (50 mg/kg) were given by i.d. application, absorption and elimation were delayed. The tested compounds were excreted mainly by the kidneys and most of the given dosis could be found in urine within 2 hours. The biliary excretion differed widely among the tested compounds: only up to 3% were excreted in the bile in the case of m-cumaric acid, p-cumaric acid and caffeic acid, whereas up to 30% were found when ferulic acid or trimethoxycinnamic acid were given. From these results a greater ole of caffeic acid in the enterohepatic circulation is not to be expected.


Effect of ATP on liver function tests in experimental diabetes.

Liver function tests were performed in severe and mild diabetic rats and under the influence of ATP. In mild diabetics the serum cholesterol was significantly increased, while in severe diabetes the serum cholesterol was significantly lower than in mild diabetes. The decreased serum cholesterol in severe diabetes may be an indication for the development of fatty liver. The serum alkaline phosphatase and serum bilirubin were significantly increased in both the severe and mild diabetic states, while the thymol turbidity test was insignificantly changed in both states of diabetes. Serum albumin was significantly decreased in 10 days mild diabetes, while it was insignificantly changed in 48 hrs severe diabetic animals. The effect of ATP was investigated in mild diabetes. ATP resulted in a significant increase in serum albumin and a decrease in total globulins with the resultant increase in A/G ratio. The serum alkaline phosphatase exhibited a significant reduction under the influence of ATP. The elevated cholesterol of mild diabetic rats remained significantly elevated and was not reduced by ATP, though the fat content of the liver showed a significant reduction. This may be due to more rapid mobilisation of fat from the liver under the influence of ATP. ATP showed no significant effect on serum bilirubin and thymol turbidity test. the histopathological examination of the liver revealed that administration of ATP to alloxan diabetic rats had a beneficial effect. It resulted in disappearrance of the fat globules from the liver cells.


Effect of AMP on serum minerals in carbon-tetrachloride hepatotoxicity.

Carbon tetrachloride twenty-four hours after its administration resulted in a significant increase in serum iron, copper, zinc, calcium, potassium and sodium, while for magnesium no significant change was observed. A portion of this rise was due to the known hepatotoxic effect of CCl4 on the liver. Pretreatment with adenosine-5-monophosphate led to a normalization of the level of serum iron, copper and zinc, while in case of calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium there was no significant change from that found in CCl4. The normalization of serum copper and iron under the influence of AMP may be due to some protective action of AMP on the liver. However, the disturbance in minerals metabolism may be considered as one of the earliest lesions in CCl4 poisoning.


[Simultaneous enzyme determination of C-14 glucose and C-14 fructose in human body fluids].

A new enzymatic method for simultaneous estimation of radioactivity of 1-14C-glucose and 1-14C-fructose is described. It is based on the isomerisation of 1-14C-fructose to 1-14C-glucose by phosphoglucoseisomerase (EC 5.3.1.9) and on its enzymatic removal as ribulose-5-phosphate and 14CO2. The method is specific, reproducible, and gives over 97% recoveries of glucose and fructose concentrations up to 11 mmol/1 in aquos and biological solutions.


[Biochemical and hematological parameters during extracorporeal heterologous perfusion with a porcine liver in acute liver failure].

The authors report on biochemical and hematologic investigations during 6 extracorporeal heterologous perfusions by means of porcine livers in 4 patients suffering from acute hepatic failure. The findings stress the functioning of porcine liver in the extracorporeal system. All livers produced bile with higher values of bilirubin and pH than found in serum. At each perfusion the serum levels of bilirubin decreased. Activities of serum enzymes (GOT, GPT, GLDH, gamma-GT, alkaline phosphatase) and the levels of potassium and sodium behaved differently. This could be explained by different damages of the porcine livers during perfusion which always occur. In 3 perfusions decreased leucocyte counts were observed, explicable immunologically. Extracorporeal heterologous perfusion by means of an alien liver is considered a possible way for temporary replacement of liver function and for removing toxins from the host. Success in single cases with reasonable indication are considered possible. The patients endured the perfusions well. After transitory improvement of their general conditions they succumbed from their severe diseases, though.


[Studies on wound healing and secondary and tertiary wounds].

From animal experiments, the authors draw the following conclusions: 1. Compared with primary wounds, the tensile strength of secondary and tertiary wounds is significantly elevated. 2. Aside from a slight elevation on the third day, there is no difference of tensile strength between secondary and tertiary wounds. 3. Collagenous fibers are earlier formed in secondary and tertiary wounds because the initial phase of fibrillogenesis is shortened due to more developed granular tissue with increased vascularization as compared with primary wounds. Whether local factors influence the accelerated healing and the tensile strength of the wounds requires further investigation.


[Animal experimental studies on immunogenicity, humoral response and danger of anaphylaxis in parenteral administration of hyaluronidase].

The widespread intravenous application of hyaluronidase rises questions for its potential immunogenicity, formation of humoral antibodies, and danger of anaphylaxis. In experiments on 21 rabbits and 40 rats, the authors searched for precipitating antibodies after subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous application of hyaluronidase in doses equivalent to the human. Intravenous and intramuscular shots of 150 to 75 000 IU of Hylase were applied in order to test anaphylaxis. By all proving procedures antibodies against Hylase were found. The formation of antibodies occurred earlier and in higher concentrations after subcutaneous and intramuscular application. The antibodies belonged to the IgG group. One third of the animals showed anaphylactic responses at doses which were 13 to 630 times as high. 26 per cent of human patients developed antibodies after application of Hylase. No anaphylactic reactions were observed in 17 patients with antibodies when intravenous application of hyaluronidase was continued. In the dosage used in the man anaphylactic response is obviously rare though it is possible.


[Changes in the myocardial catecholamines in experimental stress and during assisted circulation].

After two hours of immobilization stress in rats, the authors observed significantly decreased noradrenalin values in the myocardium, returning to normal values later. The concentration of adrenalin in the myocardium of rats showed a contrary behavior under stress conditions. Myocardiac catecholamin shifts in dogs with experimental stress induced by coronary occlusion were registered. After 120 minutes of mechanical circulatory support for the left-sided bypass system the catecholamin level in the left atrium decreased. On the other hand, catecholamin levels in the left ventricular myocardium, injured by experimental infarction, were unchanged after 120 minutes of assisted circulation. In correspondence with hemodynamic and metabolic findings, these results could support the method of assisted leftside bypass. Myocardial catecholamines seem to be another possible parameter for the assisted circulation.


[Electronmicroscopic changes in the myocardium of children with cyanotic heart diseases].

In 7 children with Fallot's tetralogy ultrastructural quantitative and qualitative investigations on the heart muscle were carried out. Bizarre nuclei and slightly increased volume of mitochondrial part indicated hypertrophy. The amount of mitochondria was 35.07 per cent. The content of glycogen is relatively high. The lipofuscin bodies, mainly originating from mitochondria, amount to 1.43 per cent. No essential damage is observed. From the ultrastructural findings can be concluded that surgery may be done without suspicion as to cardiac cell morphology.