[Variations in alpha-aminoisobutyric acid transport during in vitro differentiation of cultured myocardial cells from newborn rats].

The transport of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid has been studied as a function of age in heart cell cultures derived from new-born Rats. The specific rate of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid transport decreased slightly once confluency had been reached and then, from day 8 on, increased abruptly. This last phase may be related to the expression of specialized functions encountered in older cultures.


[Electrical colonic activity in the conscious dog].

Identification of two distinct rhythms of the colonic slow waves at a mean frequency of 5 and 18 cycles/min. Evidence is provided for an origin of the faster rhythm from the mascularis mucosae.


[Regulation of isolated rat hepatocyte volume in hypoosmotic media].

Isolated hepatocytes behave like osmometers immediately after an incubation in hypo-osmotic media. During long-term incubation periods they recover their normal volume either in the absence or in the presence of ouabain. The volume regulation is parlty due to a decrease in intracellular potassium and amino acid contents.


[Pituitary-testicular relationships in the rat embryo].

LH given to the Rat embryo at the time of hypophysectomy by decapitation (18 days of intrauterine life) will prevent the drop in androgen synthesis which normally ensues. This is regarded as definite proof that androgen synthesis is under pituitary control in the rat embryo at late gestational stages. On the other hand, the decrease in androgen synthesis following testosterone injection to the pregnant female points to the fact that there is a negative feedback of testosterone on pituitary LH secretion.


[Seasonal variations in plasma progesterone in the pine marten (Martes foina), a species with delayed implantation].

Luteal function in Pine Marten (Martes foina), species which exhibit delayed implantation, shows low progesterone plasma levels during the major part of diapause. A significant increase occurs before implantation. These results confirm histological appearance observed in lutea corpora.


[Alteration in the secretion of anterior pituitary hormones during dimethylbenzathracene induction of mammary tumors in rats].

In a sensitive strain of Rat (Sprague-Dawley) a deregulation of the secretion of some pituitary hormones was noted in the female during induction of mammary tumors by dimethylbenzanthracene administration. The deregulation occurred quickly and depended on the stage of the estrous cycle. It mainly consists of hyposecretion of gonadotropins. TSH and GH and of hypersecretion of prolactin.


[Interaction between visual activation and proprioceptive activation in neurons of the superior colliculus].

Units located in the superficial and intermediate layers of the superior colliculus are activated by proprioceptive stimulation of the extraocular muscle nerves as well as by specific visual stimuli. Units of the deep layer of the colliculus, not sensitive to visual activation, are inhibited by proprioceptive stimulation. A few of the units showed interaction between the two types of stimulation, the proprioceptive response appearing only when spontaneous activity was decreased by a visual stimulus.


[Inhibition of DNA biosynthesis in human lymphocytes by alpha 1-antitrypsin].

Incorporation of tritiated thymidine into human lymphocytes from tonsils is markedly inhibited by purified alpha1-antitrypsin-preparations. This inhibitory effect is observed in lymphocytes stimulated by a mitogen factor (phytohemagglutinin) as in non stimulated lymphocytes.


[Stimulation of the growth of murine bone marrow colonies in vitro by an acute inflammatory exudate. Comparison with colony stimulating factor CSF)].

Formation of colonies from mice bone marrow progenitors of macrophages and granulocytes in methylcellulose culture was induced by an inflammatory pleural exudate obtained from mice injected with dextran. Mitogenic activity of this acute inflammatory exudate was compared with that of colony stimulating factor (CSF). It was found that colony and cluster counts, during 10 days of culture, were similar with the two types of stimulating factors. When used at the same dose, exudate was less active than CSF. It was concluded that inflammatory exudate showed an activity similar to that of CSF but contained a smaller amount of stimulating factor. Further cytochemical studies are necessary to specify whether or not the two factors induced the same type of colonies (monocytic or granulocytic).


[Organization of the ventral branchial and lumbar horns of the spinal cord in embryos of snake-like and tetrapod reptiles].

In embryos of Snake-like Reptiles (Anguis fragilis) and of Ophidians (Tropidonotus, Python), the lay-out of motor neuroblast in the ventral horns of the spinal cord, in the brachial and the lumbar regions differs from the one observed in the same regions of embryos of tetrapod Reptiles (Lacerta viridis).


[Chaetotaxic variation of the cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni, the agent of intestinal bilharziasis, correlation with the vertebrate host of the parasite].

The chaetotaxy of the cercariae of human or simian strains of Schistosoma mansoni, a fluke producing the intestinal bilharziasis displays a characteristic difference from that of cercariae of the same parasite adapted to Mouse or wild Rat. Taking into account this differential characteristic, makes it possible to determine the human or murine origin of cercariae released from naturally infected snails during epidemiologic investigations.


[Systematic study of the variations in mineral composition of different bones from various animals according to their localization].

X-ray diffraction techniques allow us to show that, in calcified tissues, phosphates resulting from a given formation process have the same ratio Ca/P for the bones at different subjects, providing these subjects are of the same kind and the same age. This ratio Ca/P depends on the bone formation process.


[Demonstration and characterization of mannosyl phosphoryl dolichol synthesized in the outer membrane of liver mitochondria].

There is in mitochondrial outer membrane a mannosyl-transferase which is able to catalyse the mannose transfer on a polyprenic acceptor, to give a mannosyl-phosphoryl-dolichol. This enzyme is stimulated by Mn2+, Mg2+ and dithiothreitol. It is inhibited by GDP, mersalyl and EGTA.


[Molecular aspects of 2 human urinary glycoproteins with histocompatibility antigen (HLA) serological activity].

Two serologically active urinary glycoproteins (HLA-A 9 and HLA-B 12) were isolated from urine provided by a patient suffering from tubular proteinuria. Their N-terminal sequences were automatically determined. The latter were identical with the sequence of another urinary glycoprotein (protein HC). The relationship between protein HC and the serological activity is discussed.


[Effect of phosphorylated constituents on the growth of Pseudomonas fluorescens in media containing potassium oxalatoberyllate].

Differences in the extent of beryllium inhibition on the growth of Pseudomonas fluorescens cultivated in various media are related to the concentration and nature of phosphorus-containing constituents of the substrate. Quantitative studies are carried out for interaction processes leading to reduction in beryllium toxicity. These include sequestration of beryllium in soluble form by beta-glycerophosphate and formation of sparingly soluble derivatives with inorganic orthophosphate ions.


[Synthesis of nuclear proteins incorporated into chromatin during anterior traumatic regeneration of an annelid (Owenia fusiformis)].

3H Trp and 14C Lys incorporation in proteins from chromatin of normal and regenerating animals, purified on metrizamide, show that the synthesis of these proteins is different in the two cases.


[Behavior modifications induced by unilateral administration of picrotoxin into rat substantia nigra].

Intranigral injection of picrotoxin in Rats induced contralateral rotation and stereotyped behaviour. These responses were significantly altered following neuroleptic treatment (haloperiod, pimozide) or ipsilateral striatal electrolytic destruction. The present results provide behavioural evidence for gamma-aminobutyric acid-mediated inhibition of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway.


[Effect of lead microparticles introduced into the respiratory system of the sensitivity of mice to Pasteurella multocida infection via aerosol].

Lead microparticles, resulting from the pyrolysis of organic lead used as an anti-knock agent in gasoline, were introduced into the lungs of Mice, during a short single exposure. When 6 microgram of lead were retained in the lungs (mean value per Mouse), the phagocytic ability of the pulmonary alveolar macrophages harvested 6 and 18 hrs. later, was significantly reduced. It was observed, in the same conditions, that the resistance of Mice to experimental infection by aerosolized Pasteurella multocida, was significantly reduced. When 3 microgram of lead were retained in the lungs, there was no significant difference between control and intoxicated Mice.


[Actinomyces odontolyticus, first study in France].

The authors report the detailed study of a strain of Actinomyces odontolyticus isolated from a pleural liquid. Gas-liquid chromatography can specify the biochemistral metabolism of the germ and set off an endocellular lipidolytic activity.


[Isolation of a new plasmid of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by chromatography on coupled Sepharose 4B-nitrocellulose].

A new plasmid has been isolated by chromatography on coupled columns of Sepharose 4B-Nitrocellulose from the auxotrphic strain PAO8 56 Be of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This strain has been shown by genetic tests to be resistant to carbenicillin.


[Satellite RNA (RNA3) of tomato black ring virus is found with one of the 2 major RNAs (RNA2) in a new capsid nucleoprotein].

Tomato Black Ring Virus (TBRV) like other NEPOviruses posseses two nucleoproteins M and B and two major RNAs, RNA1 and RNA2 respectively distributed in B and M. A new nucleoprotein has just been discovered and comprises one molecule of RNA2 associated with one molecule of RNA3. RNA3 is a small RNA of molecular weight 500,000 d considered to be a satellite RNA. Its level appears to depend on the infection stage, local or systemic. RNA3 is able to modify the relative proportions of nucleoproteins M and B and their respective RNAs. The satellite RNA, might be part of the genome and represent a monocistronic mRNA for protein capsid synthesis. However it seems perhaps more tempting to correlate TBRV-RNA3 with satellite RNA5 of certain strains of Cucumber mosaic virus.


[Differences in the intracellular potentials of human peripheral lymphocytes].

The intra-cellular potentials of human blood mononuclear cells have been measured using a microelectrode and a modified classical neurophysiological system. The results obtained in vitro suggest that different lymphocyte sub-populations and monocytes have characteristics intra-cellular potentials. We have also shown that a change from negative to positive intra-cellular potential occurs in lymphocytes stimulated by Phytohemaglutinine and Concanavaline A.


[Cells secreting antibodies originate from cells secreting immunoglobulins without a detectable antibody function for the antigen injected].

Cells secreting immunoglobulins without detectable antibody function arising after an injection of horseradish peroxidase were micromanipulated from the center of haemolytic plaques of Sheep red blood cells coated with anti-Ig antibodies. These cells were cultured individually for 48 hrs, with irradiated cells as feeder layer and in the presence of the immunogen and of LPS. It was shown that after this time 22% of the immunoglobulin-secreting cells had generated antiperoxidase antibody-secreting cells or were transformed into antibody-secreting cells.


[HLA phenotypes in patients surviving a long time after immunotherapy with BCG for acute childhood lymphoblastic leukemia. Arguments in favor of the existance of a gene for immune response in human leukemia].

HLA phenotypes of 13 patients surviving in lasting first remission over 6 years after BCG immunotherapy for acute childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) were compared to phenotypes of normal subjects and of surviving ALL patients treated exclusively with chemotherapy. Among the BCG-treated patients, the frequency of the antigen HLA-BW 17 was 46.1% vs 7.3% in healthy controls (p less than 0.001) and the frequency of the antigen HLA-AW 33 was 30.8% vs 1.2% (p less than 0.001). 9 patients possessed at least one of these two antigens (69.2% vs 8% in controls p less than 0.001). Phenotypes of the chemotherapy-treated patients did not differ significantly from controls. These results suggest the existence in humans of HLA-linked genes which are involved in the response to BCG immunotherapy in ALL.


[Increased resistance in mice to Listeria monocytogenes after treatment with a fraction from an inflammatory granuloma].

The multiplication of Listeria monocytogenes in the spleen was decreased between the 3rd and the 11th day following the inflammatory reaction induced in Mice by subcutaneous implantation of talc embedded in a calcium phosphate gel into the dorsal area. A similar activity was observed after injection of SO4 (NH4)2 fractionated extracts from granuloma. The major activities were found in the 33% saturation precipitate and in the 80% saturation supernatant.


[Potentiation of immunologic memory by Corynebacterium parvum and its mechanism].

Immune response to bovine serum albumin (BSA) at dose of 2,50 mg/kg which is rather a weak immunogen in Rabbits, when given intravenous was highly potentiated when the animals received a previous single intravenous infection of 2 mg/kg of C. parvum, followed by subsequent BSA anamnestic challenges for several months. Thus, the antibody amounts synthesized following the 1st anamnestic injection (3 weeks) were 0,260 mg/ml in the control versus, 0,800 mg/ml in the C. parvum pretreated groups; following the 2nd anamnestic challenge (12 weeks afterwards) 1 mg/ml in the control versus, 2,50 mg/ml in the treated groups following the 3rd anamnestic challenge (28 weeks afterwards) 1,3 mg/ml in the control versus 5 mg/ml in the C. parvum pretreated groups; following the 4th anamnestic challenge (52 weeks afterwards) 0,300 mg/ml in the control versus 0,800 mg/ml in the C. parvum treated groups. On the whole for the four first anamnestic challenges the differences at peak levels between the control and C. parvum treated groups were about to 4. Furthermore, the antibody molecules synthesized by the C. parvum treated animals were found to belong to IgG class. The results suggest that the immunological mechanisms mobilized are peculiar to C. parvum since they could not be reproduced either by BCG or by Freun'd adjuvant under similar conditions.


[Study of the coronary arteriole bed at rest and during hyperemia by selective coronary scintigraphy with labeled microspheres].

The hyperemic response induced by the tri-iodinated contrast agent injection for coronarography assesses functional value of the arteriolar areas of coronary distribution. The intracoronary injection of two kinds of micropheres labeled with gamma emitter radionuclides of different levels of energy (99m-Technetium and 113m-Indium) provides comparison of the studied areas-scintigraphies at rest and during hyperemia.


[Effects of ablation of the hindlimb on the organization of the ventral horn of the spinal cord in the lumbar region of green lizard embryos (Lacerta viridis Laur.)].

After extirpation of an hind limb in embryos of Lacerta viridis, numerous motor neuroblasts degenerate on the operated side, in the ventral horn of the lumbar spinal cord and the corresponding motor column is reduced or disappears. The lumbar spinal ganglia are affected and reduced on the operated side.


[Differentiation of the endodermal epithelium associated with the splanchnic mesoderm].

Allantoic epithelium and epithelium from different levels of the digestive tube of the guail embryo were grafted into chick embryo splanchnopleure so that these epitheliums would come into contact with the mesoderm of the developing host digestive tube at a variety of levels. Under these conditions, the allantoic epithelium develops into an epithelium corresponding to the level of the digestive tube at which it was grafted. By contrast, the presumptive fate of epithelium from the small intestine is not modified by the mesenchyme with which it becomes associated. Mesenchyme from the small intestine, on the other hand, always dictates the type of differentiation in epithelial grafts from other levels of the digestive tube.


[Effects of raised and lowered incubation temperatures on the sexual differentiation in the embryos of Emys orbicularis L. (Chelonien)].

Eggs of Emys orbicularis L. were incubated at 18 and 19 degrees 5C during the period of sexual differentiation of the gonads of the embryos; genital glands of testicular structure and retrogressed Müllerian ducts were observed in all cases, like in the embryos issued from eggs incubated at 25 +/- 1 degrees C and 27,5 +/- 0,5 degrees C. On the contrary, the sexual phenotype is female in all the embryos which developed at 35 degrees C, as it is the case between 29 and 30 degrees C.


[Endocyclic selection and stable polymorphism].

If the period of time from zygotic to adult state is divided in successive intervals where the fitness of a particular genotype takes different values, a stable polymorphism can be maintained in the population, without any superiority of heterozygotes in any interval.


[The hypothesis of the genetic transmission (autosomal recessive) of subtypes of HBs Ag. The example of Kel Kummer].

In a study of asymtomatic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag) in a closed population, the Twareg Kel Kummer, 18% of the population (79 individuals out of 439 tested) were found to be carriers of one of the 3 sub types: HBs Ag/a2 1 dw, HBs Ag/a2 1 yw and HBs Ag/a3 yw. Evidence from genealogies and the distribution of carriers in the pyramid of ages strongly supports the hypothesis of genetic transmission of the gene sub type as an autosomal recessive.


[The behavioral development of the mutant "staggerer" mouse].

The behavioural study, in particular rearing environmental conditions, of the mutant mouse staggerer has shown that such animals may live more than 90 days. (he behavioural diagnosis of this mutation has been possible from the second week of life, using specific tests. A typical "bat posture" permits one to recognize the mutant from the normal Mouse. Locomotory and feeding behaviours also present late and various qualitatige particularities.


[Detection of schistosomiasis in rats using micro blood sampling and immunofluorescence during an epidemiologic study].

For a study of rat parasitism with Schistosoma mansoni in Guadeloupe, we used a technique of microbloodsampling followed by an immunofluorescence test. This method makes it possible to take the blood of the rats, the latter being then marked and set loose. It informs us of the presence of the parasite, the time of infestation, and the rats' movements relative to waterspots.


[Protein differentiation in striated white, yellow muscles and cardiac muscles in an antarctic fish free of hemoglobin, Champsocephalus gunnari].

Antarctic hemoglobin-free fish possess, besides white and cardiac muscles, a third type of striated muscle of yellowish appearance devoid of myoglobin which corresponds to the fish red muscles. Each of these three types differs from the others by its parvalbumin composition and lactate dehydrogenase isozymic distribution.


[Inhibitory effect of exogenous histones on cellular growth and DNA synthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii].

The addition of exogenous histones to synchronous culture of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, at the beginning of the cell cycle, leads to the death of the cells. The same amount of histones added in the middle of the cycle, only blocks the cell division. The mechanism of this inhibition effect of the histones could involve a block at the level of the chloroplast DNA replication.


[Antigens of the blood group I and i on the surfacc of chicken erythrocytes].

I and i blood group antigens have been looked for an Chick erythrocytes using purified and 125 I anti-I, anti-i and anti-I i antibodies. No I antigen is found but i determinants are detected on embryo and adult Chick erythrocytes. This i reactivity is different from the embryonic and adult antigens respectively specific for embryo and adult Chick erythrocytes. Treatment of the erythrocytes with nuraminidase increases the i reactivity. Incubation with papain reduces the fixation of anti-i antibodies suggesting that the i determinant of Chick erythrocyte could be linked to glycopeptide chains.


[Detection of fibrillary bodies in human and experimental leukemias by polarizing microscopy].

An optical polarizing microscope with a good coefficient of extinction permits the visualization of the cytoplasmic fibrillar body in living preparations and smears of leukemic cells (human leukemias and the L 5222 experimental leukemia). These inclusions are not visible by phase contrast microscopy nor in fixed and stained smears.


[Differentiation of an achromatic metastatic human melanoma. Development in vitro and tumorigenicity in nude mice].

The evolution of the phenotypic expression in vitro of unpigmented human metastatic melanocytes is accompanied by the transitionary disappearance of specific morphological structures, a variation in the mode and ploidy of the cells and a modification in their tumorigenicity.


[Ultrastructure of the oocyte follicles in the crustacean amphipod Orchestia gammarellus (Pallas)].

The follicle cells of the Crustacean Amphipoda Orchestia gammarellus produce syntheses at the level of the ergastoplasm and the Golgi body. No secretary cycle is observed. A complex but permeable network of intercellular spaces provides a path for possible transfollicular penetration for the exogenous fraction of the vitellus.


[Demonstration of a basal lamina in cocultures of thyroid cells and embryonal swine skin cells].

Porcine thyroid and embryo skin cells were isolated and cultured. Cultures from each kind of cells, as well as cocultures were fixed twice a week for electron microscopy. On day 8th a basal lamina like material appears only in the cocultures, along the basal plasmalemma of the reassociated thyroid cells. This amorphous material increases up to day 17th.


[Use of radioimmunoassay of "thyroxine binding globulin" to determine the concentration of free plasma thyroxine].

A relationship is proposed for calculating the concentration of free serum thyroxine using the measured values of thyroxine and thyroxine-binding globulin total concentrations. This calculation has been performed on a population of 335 patients. A good discrimination of the different thyroid diseases has been obtained.


[Levels  of triiodothyronine and reverse triiodothyronine in the thyroid glands of man and swine at different stages of development].

3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3) were measured by radioimmunoassay in saline extracts of neonates and human adult thyroid tissues and of fetuses, Piglets and adult Swine thyroid tissues. In all these extracts, T3 content was higher than rT3 content whatever the period of development. Both triiodoamino acids represent a small percentage of the iodinated protein in thyroid tissues.


[Electrophysiologic and anatomic demonstration of inhibitory commisural vestibular neurons in the tench (Tinca tinca)].

Horseradish peroxydase was injected intracellularly in some of the medullary neurons which, in Fish, exhibit a passive hyperpolarizing potential after spinal cord stimulation (this indicates that such neurons both electrical and chemical inhibitions of the Mauthner cells). With positive staining, commissural vestibular neurons were identified; their axons cross the midline and they establish connexions with the Mauthner cell and with vestibular neurons of both sides. Thus the existence of a crossed vestibular inhibitory pathway, previously suggested by electrophysiological studies in lower Vertebrates as well as in Mammals, is now correlated with histological evidence.


[Effect of increasing concentrations of detergents on electron transfer in chloroplasts].

The effects of increasing concentrations of sodium cholate and deoxycholate, "Tween 80" and "Triton X 100" upon O2 evolution by intact or osmotically broken spinach chloroplasts were investigated polarographically. Except for cholate, low concentrations of any detergent increased considerably (up to four times) the rates of oxygen evolution by broken chloroplasts, without interrupting the electron flux between photosystem II and photosystem I.


[Lipoxygenase activity of wheat seeding chloroplasts].

Chloroplasts have been isolated from Wheat shoots by density gradient centrifugation. When added to a linoleic acid and Tween 20 suspension these chloroplasts induce an oxygen consumption. The hydroperoxides synthesized from linoleic and oxygen have been characterized by spectrophotometry and thin layer chromatography.


[Immunofluorescent localization of the types of collagen synthesized in the embryonic mouse tooth germ].

The different types of collagen synthesized by embryonic Mouse tooth germs were analysed using an immunohistiological method. The tooth germs were shown to synthesize at least three genetically distinct collagen types: I, III and IV.


[Automatic recognition of different phases of the cell cycle and automatic count of the cells by means of a computer coupled to a cytophotometer].

Existing relationships between cell cycle phases and chromatin scattering within the nucleus led us to state more precisely our first alogrithm for cell cycle phases recognition. These refundments give evidence for the accuracy and the improving performance of the densitometric and morphologic analysis system used in this study: the "Samba".


[Effects of chronic paralysis of chick embryo by flaxedil on the development of the neuromuscular junction].

Chronic paralysis of Chick embryos by the cholinergic antagonist flaxedil blocks the subsynaptic accumulation of acetylcholinesterase but not the formation of acetylcholine receptor cluster. Flaxedil paralysis also causes an increase of the total muscle content of acetylcholine receptor without altering the half-life of the receptor protein. The spontaneous activity of the embryon therefore "shuts off" the synthesis of extrasynpatic acetylcholine receptor.


[Visualization of transcription complexes in spread chromatin from mammalian cells: high resolution autoradiographic study].

RNA transcription processes were visualized within chromatin from cultured Mouse cells, spread according to Miller, and Bakken (3), by high resolution autoradiography. The cells were labelled for a short time with 3H-uridine and lysed using the detergent Nonidet P 40. Transcription complexes of both ribosomal ("Christmas tree"-like forms) and non-ribosomal types were revealed and their structure is described.


[Relation between the electronic structure of a series of 1,4-tetrahydro-oxazines and their p-D2, for the tryptaminergic receptor].

Certain features of the isopotential maps of morpholine derivatives seem to be related to their ability to bind with tryptaminergic receptors.


[Modification of the kinetics of healing after iterative exeresis in the rat. Action of a triterpenoid and its derivatives on the duration of healing].

The authors have studied the action of Titrated Extract of Centella asiatica (TECA) on the duration off healing of iterative wounds in the Rat. After repeated exeresis, the planimetric quantification of the wounds, by episcopic projection, shows that the healing process involves an immediate phase of dilatation followed by another of contraction. A mathematical analysis has permitted determination of times of semi-healing and has shown that these are significantly lengthened after several exeresis in the control group. When administered by oral route, at a 100 mg/kg dosing, TECA shortens significantly this lengthening of time, acting more specifically on the immediate process of healing.


[Action of serotonin on neuromuscular transmission in normal guinea pigs and those treated with paralyzing doses of botulinum toxin type A].

Serotonin inhibits the muscular contractions elicited by indirect stimulation; injected before Botulinum toxin it prevents the paralysis induced by this toxin.


[A new variety of Bacillus thuringinesis very toxic to mosquitoes: B. thuringiensis var. israelensis serotype 14].

A new strain of B. thuringiensis is described, the flagllar antigen of which is a new one named H14. This strain produces unusual crystals, with all shapes and sizes, and shows a high toxicity for larvae of Aedes aegypti.


[Characteristics of the partial derivative of hemoglobin saturation with respect ot oxygen pressure : delta S 02/delta P 02].

The first (delta S/delta P) and second (delta 2S/delta [H+] delta P) partial derivatives of hemoglobin saturation with respect to oxygen pressure and [H+] were numerically calculated for the blood of non-smoking young adult at different pH, PCO2 and [2.3-DPG]. Their functional value in respiratory physiology was stressed.


[Action of testosterone and androstanolone on mullerian duct of Triton Pleurodeles waltl Michah. in organ culture].

Testosterone and androstanolone promote hyperplasia and differentiation of ciliated cells of the mullerian duct of immature newts, in organe culture. Cyproterone inhibits these effects. Association of testicular explants with mullerian ducts also reduces the androgen action.


[Spatial filtration in the nerve networks].

A simplified neuronal model leads to studies of multiunit nerve nets. Properties of spatial integration and differentiation are exhibited according to the structure of the interconnections. A spatial periodicity of nervous signal appears in nets with backward lateral inhibitions. It is a fundamental property of this structure.


[Interaction of two isomers, N-nitrosomethylphenylamine, N-nitroso derivative, and p-nitrosomethylaniline with microorganisms].

There exists a relationship between the chemical structure C--NO or N--NO and biological effects. p-nitrosomethylaniline, a C-nitroso compound, in contrast to its isomer, N-nitrosomethylphenylamine, a N-nitroso derivate, shows a marked action against microoganisms and is, alone, reduced enzymatically.


[Macrophage origin of platelet activating factor].

Platelet-activating factor (P.A.F.) is a mediator of anaphylaxis released from human and Rabbit basophils which causes aggregation of platelets and release of their vasoactive amines. We have induced the release of P.A.F. from Rat peritoneal cells (P.C.) with ionophore A 23187. After fractionation of P.C. on 5-15% Ficoll gradients, P.A.F. was obtained from macrophage-rich but not from mastocyte-rich fractions and from adherent cells but not from non adherent cells. These data suggest an important new function for the macrophage: aggregation of platelets and release of their vasoactive amines and others mediators of inflammation.


[Immunologic properties of ovine chorionic somatomammotropin].

Immunological properties of ovine chorionic somatomammotropin (OSC) are studied immunodiffusion, radio-immunoassays and by comparative studies of serum hormonal changes during pregnancy. OCS shows no immunological cross-reaction with ovine prolacin, ovine, bovine and human growth hormone and human placental lactogen. Structural analogies of these hormones are discussed.


[Cytotoxicity of mouse peritoneal cells after alloimmunization].

CBA Mice were immunized by two intraperitoneal injections of 30 X 10(6) DBA/2 or C57BL/6 spleen cells at days--12 and--2. Peritoneal cell population was obtained at day zero by washing the peritoneal cavity of Mice. Adherent cells were then separated using a 2 hrs. incubation in "Falcon" plates followed by washing. This macrophage-rich peritoneal cell population was found nonspecifically cytotoxic against 51Cr labeled tumoral target cells: P815 X DBA/2 mastocytoma cells, EL4 X C57BL/L lymphoma cells and spontaneous lymphoma AKR cells (same H--2k as CBA). This adherent peritoneal cell cytoxicity was demonstrated after 24 hrs. incubation with the target cells. It was found in nonspecific combination as well as when using target cells syngeneic to the donor. These findings suggest that adherent peritoneal cell cytotoxicity could be at least partly due to macrophages and result from factor (s) released by sensitized lymphocytes in vivo in the same way as has been previously demonstrated in vitro.


Influence of ageing on IgE-mediated reactions in allergic patients.

The influence of age and sex has been evaluated in 326 allergic patients on the following parameters: total serum IgE concentration, serum concentration of specific IgE antibodies against seventeen common allergens, mean number of positive allergens, absolute numbers of circulating eosinophils, corticosteroid dependence and response to sodium cromoglycate (DSCG). The results indicate that age and sex significantly influence the IgE antibody production in these patients. The data strongly suggests the appearance during ageing of a progressive natural desensitization. This contrasts with the increased frequency of corticosteroid-dependent cases during ageing. There is an inverse relation between age and response to DSCG therapy.


Two immunofluorescent methods compared with a radial immunodiffusion method for measurement of serum immunoglobulins.

We found high correlations when the values for immunoglobulins G, A, and M, obtained from the analysis of a group of 50 or more human sera by a measured-time radial immunodiffusion method, were compared to values found by  two new  commercial  immunofluorescent  methods. The  Fiax  and the Immuno-Fluor systems make use of fluorescently labeled antibodies and solid-phase immunoadsorbents and offer simple, precise, and objective methods for immunoglobulin quantitation. The Fiax procedure is less time consuming than is the Immuno-Fluor and gives IgG and IgA concentrations that are in close agreement with those found by radial immunodiffusion and IgM values that are significantly lower than the radial immunodiffusion values. The IgG results determined by the Immuno-Fluor method compare well with the radial immunodiffusion results, uhile the IgA values are significantly higher and IgM values significantly lower than those obtained by radial immunodiffusion.


Inhibitory activity of alpha-1-antitrypsin bound to human IgA.

Complexes between alpha-1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) and monoclonal IgA are regularly demonstrable in the plasma of myeloma patients. These alpha 1AT-IgA complexes, free of contamination by unbound alpha 1AT, are purified from 5 myeloma patients sera using salt-mediated hydrophobic chromatography. The complexes have a molecular weight greater than or equal to 400 000: this suggests that alpha 1AT is bound to di- or polymeric IgA. The alpha 1AT bound to IgA constitutes the 3.2, 3.5, 7.2, 8.5, and 24.6 per cent of the total alpha 1AT present in the 5 myeloma serum samples. There is a linear correlation between bound alpha 1AT concentration and IgA level in the range of the IgA concentrations considered (r = 0.988; p less than 0.05). Similar values are obtained quantitating bound alpha 1AT by radioimmunodiffusion technique or by determination of the trypsin-inhibiting capacity; this demonstrates that the bound alpha 1AT fully retains its inhibitory capacity. The biological significant of this binding phenomenon is discussed.


Purification and characterization of choriogonadotropin from hydatidiform mole.

Human choriogonadotropin (HCG) of high immunoactivity was isolated from hydatidiform mole by acid and salt precipitation, immunoaffinity and DEAE-Sephadex chromatography. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis and N-terminal amino acid analyses showed that the product obtained is essentially homogeneous. Molar HCG was found to resemble HCG from urine of normal pregnant women in amino acid composition bu to differ from it in having a lower content of mannose and N-acetylglucosamine.


A simple colorimetric method for the estimation of plasma biliverdin.

A new colorimetric method for the assay of biliverdin in biological fluids is described. The method, based upon the reaction of biliverdin with barbituric acid, offers improved sensitivity and selectivity when compared to direct spectrophotometric measurements. Using this method biliverdinaemia was observed in two patients with obstructive jaundice of malignant origin.


Evaluation of the results of trans-sphenoidal surgery in acromegaly by assessment of the growth hormone response to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone.

Eighteen acromegalic patients GH-responsive to TRH were reinvestigated following trans-sphenoidal surgery and radiotherapy. Basal serum GH decreased below 10 microgram/1 in thirteen cases; nine of them became GH-unresponsive to TRH 1 month after operation, and another one following conventional pituitary irradiation. Four of these ten patients also showed a normal GH response to L-Dopa after treatment, and five responded normally to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia; two patients had a normal GH secretory pattern after both these stimuli. No recurrences were observed over a follow-up period of 15-80 months among the ten patients who became GH-unresponsive to TRH following operation, while one of the three subjects still responsive to TRH in spite of normalized basal serum GH concentration relapsed 10 months after surgery. Three patients with normalized TRH test following operation were repeatedly reinvestigated over a 3-6 years period and always found unresponsive. The present study shows that the 'paradoxical' GH responses to TRH and L-Dopa frequently disappear after surgery, that complete normalization of GH secretory pattern may rarely be attained, and that the disappearance of GH response to TRH probably indicates satisfactory treatment of acromegaly. These data suggest that the 'paradoxical' GH responses frequently found in acromegaly are dependent on the adenoma per se and not on hypothalamic dysfunction.


Expression of immunoglobin G on blood lymphocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

A sensitive rosette test utilizing antibody-coated red cells has been applied to the study of the immunoglobulins on the surface of blood lymphocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Contrary to other reports, IgG has been found to be a common surface membrane immunoglobulin (SmIg) on CLL cells. The reasons for this variation are discussed. Evidence is presented to show that (a) the anti-IgG-coated erythrocytes really are detecting IgG and not a cross-reacting substance, (b) the IgG is intrinsic to the cell and not cytophilically bound and (c) Fc-binding and other artefacts have been excluded. Expression of Ig by individual cells was studied by using mixtures of fluorescein- and rhodamine-labelled red cells coated with various anti-Ig. Fifty-one cases of untreated CLL were tested and the lymphocytes of thirty-eight of these cases bore Ig of a single light chain type. These cases could be classified on the basis of their lymphocyte SmIg as follows: eighteen expressing M and D and G, eleven expressing D and G but not M, six expressing M and D but not G, and three expressing G alone.


Free immunoglobulin light chain synthesis by neoplastic cells in leukaemic reticuloendotheliosis.

Neoplastic cell preparations from four patients with clinically and morphologically well-defined leukaemic reticuloendotheliosis (LRE) were investigated for their capacity to synthesize immunoglobulin in vitro. Neoplastic cells from all cases synthesized immunoglobulin of the same light chain class as expressed at their cell surface. Labelled IgM and IgD were identified in cell lysates while free light chain was the predominant labelled immunoglobulin product in the LRE culture supernatants. The capacity of LRE cells to synthesize immunoglobulin and free light chain was similar to that of neoplastic cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, and provides further evidence for the B-lymphocyte origin of the neoplastic cells in LRE.


Enhancement and inhibition of immunological mechanisms by immunosuppressive agents. I. Dose effect on priming and generation of memory to a bacterial antigen.

A new experimental system is described which allows the study of the effect of immunosuppressors upon the priming and generation of memory to an antigen from Escherichia coli. A single dose of bacterial beta-D-galactosidase without adjuvant injected into C57B1/6J mice primes and elicits memory but not antibodies. Thus by administering immunosuppressors near the priming injection, one can examine whether primary antibody formation is enhanced and whether priming generation of memory is enhanced or inhibited. We found that X-rays, cyclophosphamide and oxisuran (2-[(methylsulfinyl)acetyl]pyridine) either enhance or inhibit the elicitation of memory, depending on dosage, although they do not alter primary antibody unresponsiveness. The data show two main features: (a) immunosuppressors can enhance immunization; and (b) generation of memory can be improved without increasing antibody levels. The former finding draws attention to the role that immunosuppressors might play in the breaching of tolerance to self-antigens which share determinants with microbes, while the latter observation shows that antibody synthesis and elicitation of memory can follow independent pathways.


Gentisuric acid: metabolic formation in animals and identification as a metabolite of aspirin in man.

Gentisuric acid was synthesized from gentisic acid and glycine ethyl ester. NMR, mass spectrometric and elemental analysis confirmed the product as GU, and physicochemical characteristics were determined. A TLC-densitometric technique was developed to estimate GU and other metabolites of aspirin. Conjugation of gentisic acid with glycine to form GU was catalyzed by a mitochondrial fraction of rat and beef liver. GU was also formed by the rat liver microsomal hydroxylation of salicyluric acid, and phenobarbital pretreatment increased this formation. A random survey showed GU in 76% of SA-positive urines from aspirin-treated patients. Identity of GU in urine from two aspirin-treated patients was confirmed by TLC and mass spectrometric analysis, and hydrolysis of the compound from one patient yielded glycine and gentisic acid. Urine from controls or post-aspirin treatment patients did not show GU by TLC analysis. These results demonstrate for the first time the metabolic formation of GU in animals and its occurrence as a metabolite of aspirin in man.


Renovascular hypersensitivity to noradrenaline in dietary-induced hypercholesterolaemia in baboons.

1. Using the xenon-133 washout technique, the renovascular response to intrarenal infusions of 3 and 30 mumol/min noradrenaline in four baboons with dietary-induced hypercholesterolaemia was measured. 2. The degree of reduction in cortical blood flow rate during an intrarenal infusion of 3 mumol/min noradrenaline in the four hypercholesterolaemic baboons was not significantly different from that in normocholesterolaemic baboons. However, a significant difference in the degree of reduction in cortical blood flow rate was found with the 30 mumol/min noradrenaline infusion (P less than 0.05). 3. The mean arterial blood pressure of the four animals was significantly higher (P less than 0.001) than the mean blood pressure in baboons used in this laboratory for other experiments. 4. These results have shown that baboons with dietary-induced hypercholesterolaemia have an enhanced renovascular sensitivity to exogenous noradrenaline. However, the possibility that this enhanced sensitivity was due to the associated hypertension cannot be excluded.


Clinical trials of radiotherapy in hyperbaric oxygen at Portsmouth, 1964--1976.

For 12 years randomised clinical trials have been run at Portsmouth in collaboration with the Medical Research Council's Working Party on radiotherapy and high pressure oxygen to determine the survival rate of patients treated by megavoltage radiotherapy in high pressure oxygen (HPO) compared with those treated in air at atmospheric pressure. Five hundred and five patients have been included, 280 with carcinoma bronchus, 163 with carcinoma bladder and 62 with carcinoma cervix stage III. With conventional small fraction daily radiotherapy, the use of HPO has not improved survival in carcinoma of the bronchus and of the bladder. When six fractions of 600 rad maximum tissue dose are given in HPO, some improved survival is shown in carcinoma of the bronchus and of the cervix compared with the same dose in the air series. In the cervix, the survival rate in HPO is almost the same as that of a retrospective series treated by an intrauterine radium tube followed by 6000 rad central depth dose to the whole true pelvis in air. Large fraction radiotherapy has not given improved survival when using adjuvant HPO in carcinoma of the bladder. The bladder trial has now been abandoned.


Acute hepatotoxicity of ethylene and halogenated ethylenes after PCB pretreatment.

Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that ethylene, vinyl fluoride monomer (VFM), vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), and vinyl bromide monomer (VBM) are all acutely hepatotoxic in rats pretreated with polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB). The time course of hepatic injury development after exposure and several parameters, environmental and chemical, affecting this toxicity were evaluated in the work reported here. Liver injury, as measured by serum alanine-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase (SAKT) or sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), develops progressively over a 24-hr period following a 4-hr inhalation exposure of PCB-pretreated rats to ethylene or VCM. Environmental temperature during exposure to VCM does not affect hepatotoxicity or mortality below 30.3 degrees C. At 33.8 degrees C, however, mortality and SAKT are dramatically increased. Overnight fasting, which depletes hepatic glutathione (GSH) of PCB-pretreated rats before exposure to ethylene or VCM, significantly increases the hepatotoxicity of these compounds as measured by SDH. The combined effects of fasting and of trichloropropane epoxide (TCPE), an inhibitor of epoxide hydrase (EH), were also examined. TCPE treatment of fasted PCB-pretreated rats immediately before exposure was synergistic in increasing the acute toxicity of ethylene and VCM. TCPE increased mortality in fed or fasted rats exposed to VFM, but there was no effect of fasting alone. Both fasting and TCPE increased the sensitivity of PCB-pretreated rats to VBM, but there was not a clearly synergistic effect of fasting plus TCPE. These data suggest that the acute toxicity of these compounds is mediated through epoxide intermediates.


Mutagenicity of the halogenated olefin, 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1-difluoroethylene, a presumed metabolite of the inhalation anesthetic halothane.

The presumed halothane metabolite, 2-bromo-1,1-difluoroethylene, produces both base substitution and frameshift mutations in Salmonella typhimurium. Direct mutagenesis of isolated DNA also was observed by using a Bacillus subtils transformation assay to score the production of mutagenic lesions in transforming DNA.


Further evidence for the structure of the teichoic acids from Bacillus stearothermophilus B65 and Bacillus subtilis var. niger WM.

Bacillus stearothermophilus B65 and Bacillus subtilis var. niger WM both contain teichoic acids in their walls composed of glycerol, phosphate and glucose. The 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of B. stearothermophilus teichoic acid showed 13C-31P coupling on the signals from the C-5 and C-6 carbon atoms of the glucose molecule and an alpha-glucosidic linkage between glucose and the C-1 atom of the glycerol moiety. These data are consistent with a poly[glucosylglycerol phosphate] as the cell-wall teichoic acid in this organism. B. subtilis var. niger WM teichoic acid was oxidized by periodate and incubated in glycine buffer at pH 10.5. This treatment did not significantly increase the phosphomonoester content (by beta-elimination of the phosphate groups) of the teichoic acid molecule (7.1 to 9.5%), which is in accordance with earlier data derived from 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy [De Boer et al. (1976) Eur. J. Biochem. 62, 1-6], that in this organism the glucose is not an integral part of the polymer chain. Similar treatment of B. stearothermophilus B65 teichoic acid increased the phosphomonoester content of the preparation from 0.15 to 68.1%.


Increased plasma noradrenaline and serum gastrin in patients with duodenal ulcer.

Serum gastrin, serum insulin, plasma noradrenaline, plasma adrenaline, pulse rate and blood pressure were measured repeatedly during 24h in six patients with duodenal ulcer and in six control subjects. Mean serum gastrin concentration was 3-4 times higher in duodenal ulcer patients than in controls during both the day and at night. Serum insulin was the same in both groups of subjects. Overnight fasting and mean supine plasma noradrenaline as well as mean supine pulse rate were significantly higher in duodenal ulcer patients than in controls. Plasma adrenaline and arterial blood pressure were the same in patients and controls. These results suggest that sympathetic nervous activity is increased in patients with duodenal ulcer. The increased sympathetic nervous activity may mean that duodenal ulcer patients are subject to more stress than normal subjects or may be compensatory to increased vagal nervous activity presumed by some authors to be present in such patients.


Inhibition of hepatic demethylation of aminopyrine by oral contraceptive steroids in humans.

The effect of oral contraceptive steroids (OCS) on the rate of hepatic demethylation of 14C-dimethylaminoantipyrine (DAP) was studied directly in healthy young volunteers using a newly developed noninvasive breath analysis technique. After oral administration of a trace dose of DAP the specific activity of 14CO2 in breath was determined during 6 h and expressed as half life. The half life of eighteen female and twelve male control subjects was 2.4 +/- 1.2 h (2 SD) and 2.2 +/- 0.6 h (2 SD), respectively. In seven women starting OCS a progressive prolongation of DAP half life during a single menstrual period was observed. In seventeen women who had taken OCS in 21 day cycles, for more than 3 months, the half life was significantly (P less than 0.001) prolonged (4.4 +/- 2.1 h) when measured after 21 consecutive days of OCS intake. On average, stopping OCS for 7 days or giving phenobarbital in addition to OCS shortened DAP half life significantly (from 4.4 +/- 2.1 h to 3.2 +/- 1.1 h, n = 17, P less than 0.005; and from 4.6 +/- 2.0 h to 3.2 +/- 1.0 h, n = 12, P less than 0.01, respectively). Eight of twelve women on OCS responded to OCS intake and to OCS cessation and phenobarbital, whereas four women did not respond to any of these measures. These data suggest that inhibition of hepatic demethylation of DAP by OCS is time dependent and reversible. The extent of inhibition appears to be an individual characteristic of a given person.


Enhanced sympathetic nervous activity after intravenous propranolol in ischaemic heart disease: plasma noradrenaline splanchnic blood flow and mixed venous oxygen saturation at rest and during exercise.

To study the mechanisms by which acute beta-adrenergic blockade may change the activity of the sympathetic nervous system we have measured haemodynamic responses including splanchnic blood flow in twenty-three patients with ischaemic heart disease at rest and during supine exercise before and after i.v. injection of 0.039 mmol (10 mg) dl-propranolol. After propranolol both at rest and on exercise blood pressure, cardiac output and heart rate decreased, while splanchnic vascular resistance increased; mixed venous oxygen saturation decreased whilst arterial oxygen saturation and oxygen uptake were unchanged. Plasma noradrenaline increased after propranolol, values correlating with mixed venous oxygen saturation and splanchnic vascular resistance, both at rest and during exercise before and after propranolol, only at rest was there any correlation with arterial blood pressure. The increase in sympathetic nervous activity after propranolol may be due to a reduction in cardiac output and thereby alteration of the metabolic state (oxygen or related factors) in tissues. Afferent neural signals from the tissues may play a significant role in the regulation of sympathetic nervous activity.


Serum prolactin levels in eighty patients with sarcoidosis.

Serum prolactin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in eighty patients (thirty-four males, forty-six females) with sarcoidosis before treatment. In twelve patients (15%) serum prolactin levels were more than two standard deviations above the mean of normal subjects. Hyperprolactinaemia was found most frequently (22%) in patients with radiological stage II; however, 14% of patients with stage I also had elevated serum prolactin levels. In most cases serum prolactin levels fell to within the normal range after treatment with corticosteroid in parallel with improvement of intrathoracic lesions. These findings suggest that hyperprolactinaemia may be due to hypothalamic involvement by sarcoid granulomata. We conclude that the measurement of basal serum prolactin levels using radioimmunoassay is a sensitive and practical method for screening patients with sarcoidosis for hypothalmic lesions.


Bile acid pattern in human amniotic fluid.

Individual bile acids were determined in twenty-nine amniotic fluid specimens obtained from twenty-six women between the 32nd and 41st week of gestation. Total bile acid concentration ranged from 0.4 to 4.8 mumol/l with a mean of 1.57 mumol/l. Besides the two major bile acids of man, cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid, 3beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid was found in all, lithocholic acid in ten and deoxycholic acid in nine of the twenty-nine amniotic fluid samples. 3beta-Hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid averaged 39.8% of total bile acids during 32-37 weeks of gestation and 20.2% at term (P less than 0.01). These findings point towards important differences between fetal and adult bile metabolism and may reflect maturation of hepatic bile acid biosynthesis near term.


The influence of meal frequency on diurnal lipid, glucose and cortisol levels in normal subjects.

Diurnal levels of serum triglyceride, cholesterol, free fatty acids, glucose, and cortisol were measured in four normal persons on a fixed solid 65% carbohydrate diet under steady state conditions in a metabolic unit. Triglyceride levels in all subjects showed similar patterns, which unexpectedly did not bear a simple relation to meal frequency or distribution. With three equivalent meals per day at 09.00, 12.00 and 17.00 hours, 'fasting' triglyceride levels increased by about 0.3 g/l from a minimum value between 03.00 and 05.00 hours in the morning till before breakfast. After breakfast there was a continued rise till about 15.00 hours and then a overall fall in spite of the meal at 17.00 hours. Isocaloric change to eight equivalent meals, consumed between 09.00 and 23.00 hours, resulted in a similar although slightly more even triglyceride pattern. On eight equivalent meals, spaced evenly over the entire 24 h period, a different pattern was found with lower triglyceride values at daytime than at night. Increase in meal frequency did not result in a lowering of mean diurnal triglyceride levels. The cholesterol pattern followed the triglyceride pattern most clearly in subjects with high triglyceride levels. Glucose showed the expected postprandial increments. Cortisol rhythm did not change on varying meal frequency.


Increase of the lipoprotein-lipase activity in human skeletal muscle during clofibrate administration.

Lipoprotein-lipase activity was determined in tissue from the skeletal muscle of the leg and the subcutaneous adipose tissue of the abdomen in fourteen patients before and after 1 month of clofibrate administration. The concentrations of serum triglycerides decreased by, on the average, 37% in a group of thirteen patients which mainly consisted of subjects with type-IV hyperlipoproteinaemia. Clofibrate administration was associated with an average increase of the skeletal muscle-tissue lipoprotein-lipase activity of 50% (P less than 0.005). There was a significant correlation between the percentage changes in skeletal muscle-tissue lipoprotein-lipase activity and those of the triglycerides concentrations and the K2-values in an intravenous fat tolerance test during clofibrate treatment. Adipose-tissue lipoprotein-lipase activity did not change significantly. One patient with type-I hyperlipoproteinaemia had very low values of skeletal muscle-tissue lipoprotein-lipase activity and moderately low adipose-tissue lipoprotein-lipase activity. In this patient, neither the tissue lipoprotein-lipase activity nor the triglycerides concentration changed during clofibrate therapy. Fasting serum insulin concentrations decreased significantly during clofibrate administration and the percentage decrease was significantly correlated to the percentage increase of skeletal-muscle lipoprotein-lipase activity. It is suggested that the lowering of insulin levels is a possible mechanism through which glucagon activity is enhanced and this may increase skeletal muscle-tissue lipoprotein-lipase activity.


Atraumatic method of renal blood flow estimation by 133Xenoninhalation and its application to transplanted kidneys.

Non-invasive measurement of organ blood flow can be achieved by tracing the elimination patterns of 133Xe administered by inhalation. An adaption of the method for the estimation of renal blood flow was developed. The 133Xe is accumulated in the tissue by re-breathing for 1 min and the time course of its washout from the kidney is followed for 14 min thereafter. Normal values were determined in ten dogs and forty-five healthy human volunteers. In man they were similar to results obtained with 131I-hippuran clearance. When flow rates were between 250 and 600 ml/100 g/min the correlation coefficient was 0.84. Only in cases with high cortex flow rates (greater than 600 ml/100 g/min) did the inhalation method give values higher than those determined by the 131I-hippuran clearance. In dogs the results closely correlated with results obtained by direct intra arterial xenon injection (r = 0.96). The value of the inhalation method in routine examination of patients with kidney transplants and its suitability for the early detection of ongoing rejection is demonstrated.


On the mechanism of glucose release from the muscle of juvenile diabetics in acute insulin deficiency.

In fifty-three healthy subjects and twenty-three juvenile diabetics the measurement of arterial and deep venous glucose concentrations showed that the substrate was taken up by the tissues of the forearm of all the healthy subjects and released from it in all the diabetic ones. In six of the diabetics glucose output was accelerated almost five-fold during the intrabrachial arterial administration of metaproterenol (1.62 nmol/min), indicating that basal glucose release from muscle may result from enhanced glycogenolysis during acute insulin deficiency. In line with this view a reduction of glucose uptake by muscle was observed in six healthy subjects receiving metaproterenol infusion. However, since the production of lactate by the forearm appeared to be smaller in the diabetics, the basal glucose output could also partly be due to impaired glycolysis. These data suggest that the glucose released from muscle during acute insulin deficiency may be of clinical importance, especially when the rate of glycogenolysis is further stimulated by, for example, enhanced catecholamine drive.


Magnesium metabolism in patients with coronary heart disease.

1. The oral absorption of magnesium, its myocardial uptake and exchangeable magnesium have been studied in patients with coronary heart disease and controls using the radioactive isotope magnesium-28. 2. No significant difference in oral absorption or myocardial uptake was found between patients and controls. 3. The exchangeable magnesium per kg body weight was significantly lower in the patients than in the controls.


Relation between triglycerides in human skeletal muscle and serum and the fractional elimination rate of exogenous plasma triglycerides.

Muscle triglycerides, serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations and an intravenous fat tolerance test were determined on thirteen survivors of myocardial infarction and on fourteen subjects referred to a Lipid Clinic but without myocardial infarction. The mean concentration of triglycerides in muscle and the fractional removal rate k2 of intravenous injected Intralipid were similar in patients with and without MI. In seventeen of these subjects type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia was found. In type IV patients the muscle triglyceride concentration was twice that found in patients without hypertriglyceridaemia. A negative correlation between muscle triglyceride concentration and the k2 value was found for all subjects with a correlation coefficient of -0.62 (P less than 0.001). No independent correlations were found between muscle triglyceride and serum triglyceride concentration or the triglyceride concentrations of the major lipoproteins.


Lowering of serum 3,3',5-triiodothyronine thyroxine ratio in patients with myocardial infarction; relationship with extent of tissue injury.

Serial measurements of haematocrit (Ht), plasma thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydroxygenase (alpha-HBDH) were performed in patients following myocardial infarction (MI). Infarct size was estimated by mathematical analysis of the change in plasma alpha-HBDH activity with time. After an initial small increase Ht decreased 12% until day 9 and remained constant thereafter. Serum T4 did not change during the entire study. Serum T3 decreased to 66% at day 9 and then returned to normal within 2 months. These figures are expressed relative to determinations in the first blood sample obtained within 12 h after MI. A significant correlation between the lowest serum T3/T4 ratio and infarct size was observed. These observations suggest that in these patients the peripheral conversion of T4 into T3 is reduced. This was accompanied by an increased production of reverse T3 as evidenced by observations in one patient.


Comparative studies of the ethynyl estrogens used in oral contraceptives: effects with and without progestational agents on plasma androstenedione, testosterone, and testosterone binding in humans, baboons, and beagles.

The effects of ethynylestradiol or mestranol given in cyclic fashion, with and without a progestational compound (norethindrone acetate, dl-norgestrel, or megestrol acetate), on plasma androgens and their binding were examined in adult women, female baboons, and beagles. The two estrogens are equivalent in their effect, and there were essentially no dose-related differences over the range examined. In human subjects, the estrogens increased total testosterone and testosterone binding, and decreased free testosterone. In baboons, estrogen produced a transient decrease in total testosterone and an increase in binding. The levels of progestational agents used did not affect total testosterone in humans, as is commonly observed with commercial agents, but did decrease it in baboons. Percentage binding was decreased in both species by the 19-nor compounds, but not by megestrol. Androstenedione levels were unaffected in human subjects, but effects of both estrogens and progestins were seen in baboons. Because of the very low levels of androgens in female beagles, this species did not lend itself well to a study of this kind. However, an increase in testosterone binding was induced by estrogen even in the absence of testosterone/estrogen-binding globulin.


The genes for 5 S ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA in Tetrahymena pyriformis.

In the present communication a characterization of the 5 S rRNA genes and the tRNA genes of Tetrahymena pyriformis has been performed. The number of 5 S rRNA and tRNA genes in the macromolecular DNA has been established. Furthermore no sequence homology is observed for these genes. The number of both types of genes does not change significantly under starvation conditions. The genomic organization of the 5 S rRNA and tRNA genes has been investigated. From in vivo replication studies it is concluded, that replication of both 5 S rRNA and tRNA genes takes place throughout the whole S-period.


Structure and ribonucleoprotein staining of kinetochores of colchicine-treated HeLa cells.

HeLa cells treated with colchicine show a lengthening of kinetochores lacking an inner layer. Combined EDTA- and ribonuclease treatment (BERNHARD 1969) indicate the presence of ribonucleoprotein in the dense outer layer as well as in the surrounding fine fibrillar mass. Reconstructions from serial sections reveal a band-like enlargement of these layers around the primary constriction during the inhibition of mitosis by colchicine.


[Effects of nifedipine in the treatment of effort stable angina: a double blind study (author's transl)].

The effectiveness of chronic treatment with nifedipine in patients (pts) with a history of stable angina on effort has been evaluated in a double-blind study in 15 subjects of both sexes, aged 45 to 65 years. All pts underwent diagnostic cardiac catheterization and selective coronary angiography, which showed stenosis of one or two main coronary vessels between 50 and 70%. The pts, after 2 weeks of observation, underwent erect bicycle exercise test with increasing workloads. After 4 weeks of treatment with nifedipine or placebo the stress test was repeated. Nifedipine treatment reduced the weekly number of anginal attacks as well as the weekly number of nitroglycerin tablets consumed by the pts, increased maximum workload tolerated and reduced the S-T segment depression for the same workload, meanwhile heart rate and blood pressure did not change significantly either at rest or during exercise. The result of this study indicate that nifedipine is useful in the treatment of pts with stable angina on effort.


Lactose tolerance in normal Egyptian infants and children and in protein calorie malnutrition.

Oral lactose tolerance test was performed on a total of 100 cases of normal Egyptian infants and children aged 6 months to 12 years. The same test was performed on 30 cases of protein calorie malnutrition (15 cases of marasmus and 15 cases of kwashiorkor). Detection of sugar and determination of pH were also carried out on all stools passed after the test. Lactose intolerance, as judged by a maximal blood glucose rise of 20 mg. or less and/or stools positive for sugar with a pH less than 6 following lactose ingestion, was observed as follows in normal cases: 12% in the age group 6 months to 2 years, 32% in the age group 2 to 5 years, 32% in the age group 5 to 9 years, and 80% in the age group 9 to 12 years. On the other hand, lactose intolerance was demonstrated in 73.3% of cases suffering from protein malnutrition. The aetiology and practical implications of the present findings of lactose intolerance on normal and malnourished children are discussed.


Protein calorie malnutrition (PCM) in Egypt: comparative study of the electrolyte pattern in plasma and erythrocytes.

The electrolytes sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium were determined in both plasma and erythrocytes of 300 PCM subjects and 26 parallel healthy controls. The results obtained revealed that: The level of plasma sodium was lower than normal in all PCM cases except in marasmic kwashiorkor. The RBC's sodium content was more or less not affected. Plasma potassium level was markedly lower than normal in all groups of malnourished subjects. RBC's potassium was significantly lower than normal in severe K.W.O. and marasmic kwashiorkor, while it was high in 3rd grade marasmus. Magnesium level was lower than normal in both plasma and RBC's in all malnourished subjects. Calcium level dropped in plasma and was elevated in RBC's. Estimation of RBC's minerals may be useful in reflecting the concerned changes in tissues of PCM subjects.


Studies of tryptophan metabolism in protein-energy malnutrition (PEM).

Studies on tryptophan metabolism in PEM were performed. In this respect, the basal excretion of tryptophan and some of its metabolites, namely, kynurenine, 3 OH-anthranilic, anthramilic, indol-3-acetic, 5 OH-indol acetic and xanthurenic acids were determined. The response of these metabolites to oral tryptophan load, singly and in combination, with pyridoxine, were performed in kwashiorkor cases compared to normal controls. The study revealed that kynurenine leads to niacine pathway is hindered, Indole-3-acetic acid levels are lower and respond poorly to tryptophan loading in PEM. Increased levels of 5 OH-indol acetic were found in kwashiorkor compared to marasmus, although lower response to tryptophan was noted. Xanthurenic acid excretion is much higher in PEM and poorly responds to tryptophan load either singly or in combination with pyridoxine. These errors of tryptophan metabolism in PEM are suggested to be due to defects in the enzyme systems involved rather than to vitamin B6 deficiency.


[Routine gonorrhoeae cultures: a cost--benefit analysis on obstetric--gynaecological patients (author's transl)].

Report is made on the routine check up of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae cultures of 46.081 patients. 375 (0.81%) of these showed positive results. Of the 375 positive N. Gonorrhoeae cases 122 (33%) showed neither clinical symptoms nor anamnestic indications of Gonorrhoeae. The costs for the N. Gonorrhoeae cultures amounted to sfr. 18.407.-. Distributed on the 122 non-symptomatic and anamnestically mute cases there resulted costs of sfr. 148.-for each N. Gonorrhoeae case discovered by routine check up. The setting up a routine check up of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae cultures is therefore recommended.


Enzyme preparations from Aspergillus flavus for structural studies of the peach gum polysaccharide.

Extra- and intracellular glycanohydrolases were isolated from Aspergillus flavus and partially characterized. Both preparations exhibited beta-galactosidase activity. Gel chromatography of the extracellular enzyme preparation on Sephadex revealed one protein fraction containing beta-galactosidase activity and a second one exhibiting mainly beta-xylosidase activity. Electrophoresis in starch gel and disc electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel showed that the preparation obtained from the cultivation broth contained five protein fractions, whereas two protein fractions could be detected in the intracellular preparation. Hydrolysis of a partially degraded polysaccharide of peach gum by the above preparations yielded D-galactose as the main product and traces of D-mannose, L-arabinose, D-xylose and a number of oligosaccharides.


[Morphometry and histology of the eye of Callimico goeldii (Thomas 1904, callimiconidae primates) (author's transl)].

The histologic anatomy of the eye of Callimico goeldii is described and histometric data are communicated. The retina is treated with special attention. The eye of Callimico features all characteristics of a visual organ adapted to diurnal activity as is known from many higher primates and man. The well-differentiated Fovea centralis and the numerical relations of the three retinal neurons, which are clearly reduced from the periphery towards the center of the retina, indicate a particularly high degree of centralization ("Zentralisationsstufe" sensu Rohen). Similar numerical relations are found in the taxonomically related families Cebidae and Callithrichidae. A high degree of centralization is understood to facilitate a good visual resolution. The eyelid apparatus is differentiated like in other higher primates. The eye muscles contain extraordinarily many nervous-muscular entities that are interpreted to serve as nervous regulatory functions. The histologic results relate well with certain behavioral phenomena of this species.


Non-metric features in the ulna of Aegyptopithecus, Alouatta, Ateles, and Lagothrix.

A comparison of the non-metric features of the ulnar fragment (YPM 23940) referred to Aegyptopithecus zeuxis with those in the same bone of Alouatta, Ateles, and Lagothrix -- the three living taxa whose ulnae most closely resemble that of the fossil -- reveals that the closest similarities of the fragment are with the ulna of Alouatta.


Drinking from arboreal water sources by mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata Gray).

Despite occasional trips to the ground and feeding in trees whose canopies touched the river, mantled howling monkeys were never seen to drink from any ground water. Drinking from arboreal cisterns was observed, but only during the wet season (meteorologically the less stressful season but phenologically the more stressful season). The lack of sufficient new leaves during the wet season forced the howlers to ingest more mature leaves which contained significantly less water. To compensate for the lowered amount of water in their food, the monkeys utilized arboreal water cisterns. The cisterns dried up during the dry season, but the howlers maintained their water balance by altering their time of actiivity and selecting a diet comprised largely of succulent new leaves. The effect of plant-produced secondary compounds on drinking also was discussed.


[Total caloric nutrition of underweight newborn infants].

Owing to the reduced energy reserves of the premature infant, we consider adherance to Finkelstein's concept for underweight infants insufficient, particularly as these infants need increased energy to offset early adjustment difficulties. We achieved the necessary balance of energy by using a combined method of forced build-up of food intake complemented by parenteral nourishment. As parenteral substances we used 12.5% glucoseelectrolyte solvent and an amino-acid solvent of 6%. Fat infusions have only been taken when disturbed oral intake of nourishment made it necessary. With this method of full joule diet infused through the peripheral veins, we were able to lower the mortality rate on the premature infant ward considerably, without increased risk to the child.


[Problems of current diagnosis of neoplasms in women].

The value of early cancer detection in women is limited by the screening methods and their minor reliability in "mass-screening". The effect of detection programs is difficult to demonstrate. The interest in cancer detection is low, especially in elderly high risk patients. A more suitable application of screening tests with widespread indication of further methods together with exact demonstration could be the basis for better results in early cancer detection programs in women.


Reduction of beta-galactosidase in the ketotic Chinese hamster kidney.

Kidneys from normal, diabetic-nonketotic and ketotic Chinese hamsters were homogenized, fractionated and assayed for beta-glucosidase, and beta-galactosidase activities. The kidneys of the ketotic animals were enlarged but the protein content in each subcellular fraction was similar in all three groups of animals. beta-Glucosidase was found chiefly in the soluble fraction and no difference was observed in these animals. beta-Galactosidase was distributed in both cytoplasmic and particulate fractions; difference in the specific activity of beta-galactosidase between control and ketotic animals was found in nuclear, lysosomal-mitochondrial, microsomal and soluble fractions.


Comparison of tRNA nucleotidyltransferase from Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus acidophilus.

Purification of tRNa nucleotidyltransferase from Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4963 and Escherichia coli MRE 600 by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is described. Both enzymes gave a single band on analytical polyacrylamide-gel electroesis and sodium dodecylsulfate gels. Chromatography of the high speed supernatant from Lactobacillus at low salt concentrations gave three enzyme fractions of molecular weights about 45 000, 90 000, and 120 000. At 1M NaCl only the first enzyme fraction was found. Kinetic data for both enzymes are given.


Health care cost control will affect total U.S. economy.

The crisis in health care costs in being attributed primarily to hospitals although it has many causes and sources. Moreover, it typically is viewed simply as being one industry's inflation even though it affects, and is affected by, finances and spending in many other sectors of society and the economy.


Juvenile Sandhoff Disease: complementation tests with Sandhoff and Tay-Sachs disease using polyethylene glycol-induced cell fusion.

Juvenile Sandhoff, Sandhoff, and Tay-Sachs fibroblasts were mixed in paired combinations and treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to promote cell fusion. The hexosaminidase (hex) isozymes of PEG-treated mixed-cell cultures were determined and compared with those of untreated control cultures. Fusions involving juvenile Sandhoff and Sandhoff fibroblasts did not show an increase in either total hexosaminidase or heat-stable hex B. Fusions of juvenile Sandhoff (or Sandhoff) and Tay-Sachs fibroblasts showed an increase of heat-labile hex A. Thus, juvenile Sandhoff cells show complementation with Tay-Sachs cells but not Sandhoff cells. Consequently, the genetic defect in juvenile Sandhoff disease probably represents an allelic mutation of the gene that is defective in Sandhoff disease.


The two human lactosylceramidases and their respective enzyme activity deficiency diseases: inhibition studies using p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside.

Total lactosyl ceramide beta-galactosidase (LC) activity from normal and pathologic human leukocytes and tissues was subdivided into LC I (EC 3.2.1.46) and LC II (EC 3.2.1.23) activity by means of specific inhibition of LC II with 5 mM p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside (Ki = 1.5 mM). In globoid-cell leudodystrophy, inhibition of total LC was nearly complete (only LC II is active), whereas in GM1-gangliosidosis Type 1, very little inhibition was found (only LC I is actict). Total LC activity was not significantly low in either of the diseases, which have different genetic origins. The ratio of LC I to LC II activity may display remarkable genetic variation in normal probands.


[Comparative studies of the warming capacity of 2 blood warmers].

The warming effect of two apparatuses using dry heat and of one apparatus with blood warming by microwaves is measured at the entry of the blood into the venous circulation. The following facts were compared: the time needed to prepare the apparatus, any occuring technical hazards, the relationship between blood temperature and blood flow, and finally the economy of the equipment. The results show alternative indications, on one hand for the use of warmers with dry heat, on the other hand for those with microwaves. The low flows are of interest in the warming procedure of patients with hypothermia following trauma and the blood transfusion applied to infant anaesthesia.


[Possibilities and limitations of peripheral-venous parenteral feeding].

The possibilities of peripheral-venous nutrition as regards its substrate dosage are limited due to the vein tolerance (osmolarity) of the infusion mixtures. It is, therefore, imperative to achieve an optimum composition of the solution for obtaining the most favourable utilization rate for the organism. We have shown that a dosage below 0.6 g amino acids/kg BW per day does not have a positive influence on the nitrogen balance in comparison to a control group not nourished. The situation of a patient in the post-aggression phase results in 30 to 40% of the supplied amino acids being utilized in the energy metabolism and excreted as urea, in spite of a sufficient simultaneous energy supply. Not only does this uneconomical loss alone necessitate a higher amino acid dosage, but also the additionally increased catabolism of endogenous protein reserves in the post-operative phase. It remains to be tested whether the sole substitution of amino acids in a solution without carbohydrates over a short infusion period constitutes a compromise between the intended peripheral-venous tolerance and an effect on the nitrogen balance.


Amino acids in parenteral feeding. I. The normal distribution of serum amino acids in healthy subjects.

Questions as to the utilisation of intravenously supplied amino-acids are answerable by determining nitrogen balances and by ascertaining the pattern of amino-acids in the serum of plasma. In a first study, the normal distribution was established for the individual serum amino-acids in 150 fasting test persons with a healthy metabolism. Sex-specific differences in concentration became clearly evident for the majority of amino-acids present in the serum.


[Dosage of calcium and phosphate in parenteral feeding].

In a carbohydrate combination solution containing 12.5 mEq/1 calcium and 12 mmol/1 phosphate the concentrations of calcium and phosphate were kept constant during parenteral infusion therapy with carbohydrate, at a rate of 0.5 g/kg/h and amino acids at a rate of 0.1 g/kg/h. Balance for calcium and phosphate was positive. Calcium excretion was slightly above the levels determined in oral nutrition. A slight modification of calcium supplement by changing the concentration of the solution to 10 mEq/1 is suggested.


[Plasma amino acid level in premature and newborn infants after infusion of 2 commercial pediatric amino acid solutions].

13 preterms and 10 term-babies were fed with two commercially available amino acid solutions (mother milk-adapted and requirement-adapted) under the same test conditions. Method and results were compared and discussed. None of the solutions showed amino acid imbalances 4 hours after discontinuation of continuous infusion over 20 hours. This applies also to glutamic and aspartic acid which were not contained in the mother milk-adapted solution. Threonine and methionine showed more favorable levels after the infusion of the mother milk-adapted solution It was pointed out that additional monitoring of levels is mandatory in the course of continuous i.v. amino acid supplies.


[Blood sugar level in surgical patients].

Serum glucose levels of six different patient groups were investigated preoperatively, during operation, postoperatively and in the first postoperative days: Group A, 10 cholecystectomy patients with 5% glucose infusion 2000 ml/day at a constant infusion rate; group B, 10 cholecystectomy patients with 10% constant rate glucose infusion; group C, 20 cholecystectomy or hernia patients with saline infusion; group D, 34 patients with 5% free rate glucose infusion 2000 ml/day; group E, 15 atrial septal defect patients with 5% constant rate glucose infusion 1500 ml/day and group f, 14 valvular surgery patients with 5% constant rate glucose infusion. Serum glucose increased in all groups during the study, most in the group B and least in the group C. There were no significant differences between the groups A and D, so constant or "free" infusion rate are the same from this viewpoint. The differences between the saline group (C) and all other groups was per- and postoperatively and in the postoperative day significant (p less than 0.001). There were no significant differences between the open heart surgery groups (E and F) and general surgery groups (A and D).


Binding of aminoglycoside antibiotics to human serum proteins. III. Effect of experimental conditions.

The binding of several aminoglycoside antibiotics to human serum proteins was studied under varying experimental conditions. The protein binding was determined by means of equilibrium dialysis and, with sisomicin and gentamicin, also by the ultracentrifuge method in the presence and in the absence of Ca++ and Mg++ ions. The technical experimental procedure (dialysis, ultrafiltration, ultracentrifugation) has no effect on protein binding contrary to the physico-chemical conditions (varying concentrations of Ca++ and Mg++ ions). Under experimental conditions closely conforming to physiological conditions, the aminoglycosides of the kanamycin and neomycin series are not bound by the serum proteins, independent of the assay method used, whereas streptomycin is bound under these conditions. In the absence of divalent cations all the aminoglycosides studied were bound by the serum proteins to varying degrees; the fewer the OH groups contained in the aminoglycoside molecule the greater the rate of protein binding. At equal protein concentration, the albumin fraction of the serum has as great a binding capacity for sisomicin as gamma globulin. Alpha-1 and beta-1 globulin, however, are unable to bind sisomicin.


[In vitro effect of fosfomycin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared to carbenicillin, gentamycin and polymyxin B].

The activity of fosfomycin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (78 serotyped strains isolated from clinical specimens) is considerably more dependent on test conditions than that of carbenicillin, polymyxin B or gentamicin. Using a degree of standardization of the micro-serial dilution test and agar diffusion test (Iso-Sensitest broth and agar), which yields a high degree of correlation between the values of both techniques with carbenicillin and gentamicin, a moderate degree of correlation is obtained with fosfomycin. In regard to minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in human serum and human urine, fewer "false" results are obtained in Iso-Sensitest broth than in Mueller Hinton broth and in particular glucose caseinhydrolysate broth. On the basis of MIC values in Iso-Sensitest broth P. aeruginosa is much more sensitive to polymyxin B, carbenicillin and gentamicin than to fosfomycin.


Closed condylotomy in the treatment of recurrent dislocation of the mandibular condyle.

Twenty-one patients 10-79 years of age were operated on for recurrent dislocation of the mandibular condyle using Kostecka's closed condylotomy method. The procedure alters the condyle position and will indirectly shorten the lateral pterygoid muscle, thus eliminating its pulling power to the condyle, even though it still functions. For the study, a late examination was performed with at least 1 year's follow-up. Seventeen patients were cured after unilateral or bilateral condylotomies, and two patients were asked to undergo a second operation on the opposite side. In normal cases any joint operated on was cured. Two cases suffering from congenital torticollis or disseminated sclerosis were felt to be unsuccessful. One exceptional case resulted in a pseudarthrosis, and was repaired by rib bone cartilage transplant. The method is the simplest and least traumatic when recurrent dislocation of the temporomandibular joint is treated surgically.


Central giant cell granuloma and periapical fibrous dysplasia occurring in the same jaw.

A 19-year-old woman presented with two tumorlike conditions in the mandible. Seven vital mandibular teeth were associated with periapical lesions. One periapical lesion was enucleated and histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of periapical fibrous dysplasia. The second lesion was a large multilocular radiolucency which extended from the mandibular left premolars to the ascending ramus. It was diagnosed as a central giant cell granuloma despite having many features in common with those of an ossifying fibroma. The lesion was removed and healing was uneventful.


Aneurysmal bone cyst--simple bone cyst, two aspects of the same pathologic entity?

An unusual case of aneurysmal bone cyst recurring after operation as a simple bone cyst is reported. Different theories on etiology and pathogenesis of aneurysmal bone cyst, simple bone cyst, and central giant cell granuloma of the jaws are resumed and similarities demonstrated. It is suggested that these three lesions have a common dysvascular etiology and that local environmental factors within the bone may differentiate the pathogenesis.


Chondromyxoid fibroma of the mandible. Case report.

Chondromyxoid fibroma in the jaws is an extremely rare, benign tumor. The lesion is relatively more common in the long bones and mainly occurs in adolescents and young adults. The treatment of choice is local resection of the tumor. Recurrences are not uncommon, especially when curettage was the method of treatment. Differentiation from chondrosarcoma is mandatory as treatment and prognosis are dissimilar.


An unusual case of "simple bone cyst" of the mandible.

Reviews of the literature show that simple bone cysts of the jaws no longer can be considered rare. The clinical and radiographic appearances are mostly rather typical, but in some cases there are great variations. In this article an unusual case with both facial asymmetry and bilateral occurrence is described. The differential diagnosis between simple bone cysts, tumors, odontogenic cysts and vascular abnormalities is sometimes hard to establish. In those cases aspiration biopsy can be of great help.


Use of acrylate root reproduction in replantation and tranplantation of teeth.

A method to prepare and test the fitness of the alveolus in the jaw before transplantation of teeth is carried out. An impacted canine from a 30-year-old woman was extracted and stored in tissue culture for 3 weeks. The tooth was then transferred to a semisolid tissue culture medium for preparing an artificial alveolus. Methylacrylate was then poured into the alvelous and was left to solidify at room temperature. Thereafter the root model was removed from the medium and a screw was fixed in the upper part. This root model was used in testing the fitness of the prepared alveolus before the root was transplanted. The advantage of the technique is that the reproduction of the root could replace the transplant during the fitting procedure to avoid damage to the periodontal membrane.


Resorption of bone implants. The effect of in vivo incorporation of a diphosphonate and fluoride on resorption.

Weanling isogenously related rats were divided into one control group, one group given a fluoride supplement of 100 parts/10(6) of F- in the drinking water, and a third group given 0.5 mg per kg body weight of phosphorus as dichloromethylene diphosphanic acid (Cl2MDP). The rats were labeled with 1 muCi per g body weight of 3H proline and 40 muCi of 45Ca. Four weeks after labeling, the animals were sacrificed and one scapula was implanted subcutaneously in the back of an isogenously related rat of the same age. The other scapula was stored in a freezer pending analysis. After another 4 weeks the implants were recovered and the radioactivity of each isotope was compared with that of the initially stored scapulae. A 30-40% loss of activity was found, reflecting a considerable loss of bone. However, this loss was significantly lower (P less than 0.01) when Cl2MDP was given to the donor animals, whereas fluoride treatment did not affect the resorption.


Pituitary and adrenal function in normal women after treatment with Lergotrile mesylate.

We studied the effects of a dopaminergic agonist, 2-chloro-6-methyl-ergoline-8-beta-acetonitrile methanesulfonate (LERGOTRILE mesylate), on the pituitary and adrenal function of five normal women. No changes were observed in basal serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), growth hormone (GH) and cortisol levels, in LH and FSH levels after luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) stimulation, or in GH and cortisol levels during insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Lergotrile treatment produced a fall in basal prolactin and thyrotropin (TSH) levels and there was dissociation in the responses of the women to thyrotropin-releasing hormone: attenuation of TSH release, but retention of prolactin release.


Induction of intrauterine adhesions in experimental animals and in women.

Intrauterine adhesions were induced in rats, rabbits and monkeys with fibroblast carrying polyvinyl sponges. Fertility studies have shown that these adhesions may serve as a method of contraception. Following successful studies in the animals, induction of intrauterine adhesions by the same technique was clinically applied in four women in order to reduce excessive uterine bleeding in benign uterine lesions.


A social systems model of nursing home use.

Causal modeling (path analysis) was applied to data from the 39 mental health catchment areas of Massachusetts to analyze the effects of sociocultural and health-resource variables on long-term-care utilization. The variables chosen explained 53 percent of the variance of long-term-care use by persons 60 and older: 41 percent was explained by the sociocultural variables and 12 percent by the health-resource variables. With data adjusted for age, the major determinant of long-term-care use was ethnicity: less long-term care was used in areas with more persons who were foreign-born or had a foreign-born parent. The effects of other health resources (supply of primary care physicians and use of mental and general (short-term) hospitals) were small and negative.


Balancing policy objectives in long-term care.

The public policy objectives in long-term care--quality, availability, and cost containment--are promoted by different groups with conflicting but legitimate interests. The problem faced by the policymaker is to balance the economic and political consequences for patients, providers, and public funding agencies, and he often does this by partial achievement or selective nonachievement of the policy goals. A multidimensional objective function is described that permits calculation of the optimum extent to which conflicting goals can be achieved. The model allows simulation of the effects, on several simultaneous measures, of an administered change in some or all of the measures. The example given illustrates the complexity of the policymaker's problem and suggests a rational approach to dealing with it.


Respiratory inhibition with sympathetic afferent stimulation in the canine and primate.

Inhibition of phrenic efferent nerve activity, diaphragm electromyogram (EMG), and external intercostal EMG was observed in halothane- and pentobarbital-anesthetized mongrel dogs and pentobarbital-anesthetized monkeys with stimulation of sympathetic afferents. The central end of the transected ventral limb of the left ansa subclavia, the sympathetic chain, or individual white rami were stimulated while simultaneously recording phrenic efferent nerve activity, diaphragm EMG, or the external intercostal EMG. Averaged phrenic efferent bursts or MEG were used to trigger an electronic respirator. In all of the dogs and monkeys, electrical stimulation of sympathetic afferent pathways resulted in inhibition of phrenic efferent nerve activity, diaphragm EMG, or external intercostal EMG. Although the exact origin of these fibers was not determined, the conduction velocities of these afferents were 4-7 m/s, which places them in the Adelta fiber-type range. The importance of these afferents in the regulation of respiration in the awake animal remains unknown.


Effect of ambient temperature on development of prostaglandin E1 hyperthermia in the rhesus monkey.

Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) hyperthermia (fever) was studied at ambient temperatures (Ta) of 18, 27, and 35 degrees C in four male unanesthetized rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) implanted with four guide tubes and one reentrant tube within the preoptic anterior hypothalamus (PO/AH). Rectal, hypothalamic, and mean weighted skin temperatures, O2 consumption, CO2 production, and respiratory and total evaporative water losses were measured continuously before and during PGE1 fever at each Ta. The febrile reponse to PO/AH PGE1 injection was dose responsive and was less at a Ta of 35 degrees C than at the other Ta's. At a Ta of 18 degrees C, fever was brought about primarily by an increase in metabolic rate. At a Ta of 27 degrees C, fever was produced by an increase in metabolic rate and by skin vasoconstriction. At a Ta of 35 degrees C, fever was the result of an increase in metabolic rate and a decrease in sweating evaporative heat loss. At each Ta some generalized skin vasconstriction also occurred. During the plateau phase of the fever, the measured heat losses and gains returned to near control levels. The data indicate that the rhesus monkey shows specific thermoregulatory responses to PO/AH PGE1 injection and would be a good model for the study of thermoregulation during fever in higher primates.


An ultrastructural study of preimplantation uterine embryos of the rhesus monkey.

Two cleavage stage embryos, two blastocyts surrounded by zona pellucida, and two azonal ('hatched') blastocysts were recovered from uteri of rhesus monkeys and examined with the electron microscope. Cleavage-stage embryos showed no striking differences between inside and outside blastomeres, all of them displaying primitive junctional complexes, heteromorphic mitochondria, large ovoid nuclei and a few polyribosomes. The zonal blastocysts had distinctive trophectoderm and inner cell mass areas in which tight junctional complexes and occasional desmosomes were observed at cell membrane junctions. Such embryos also contained numerous polyribosome complexes and cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, while some inner cell mass cells displayed large autophagic vacuoles. Hatched blastocysts showed an increased number and length of microvilli on the free surface of the embryo, and the trophectoderm cells contained microfibrillar bundles not seen in equivalent regions of zonal blastocysts. Most of the listed ultrastructural features of the rhesus preimplantation embryo are also present in similar embryos of other mammalian species.


Stability of antimicrobials in Schaedler's anaerobic and brain heart infusion broths stored at --20 degrees C.

Penicillin-like drugs are found to be unstable in SCHAEDLER'S broth in forzen storage (--20 degrees C). Chloramphenicol, clindamycin and tetracycline remained at original potency to 45 days. No detectable antimicrobial decay was found in two formulations of supplemented BHI broth. Antimicrobial potency was measured by quality control organism endpoints, bioassays and MIC changes in use at four clinical microbiology laboratories.