Free vascularized groin fat flap in hypoplasia and hemiatrophy of the face (a three years observation).

Two female patients with facial malformation are presented: one with microsomia (17 years old) and the other (35 years old) with a very severe form of Rhomberg-Parry facial hemiatrophy. The defect in one side of the face was augmented in both cases by means of a free inguinal fat flap connected to the local vascular system with microvascular anastomoses. After a follow up of three years (first patient) and 18 months (second patient) no sign of resorption could be observed and the fat shows a normal histological structure. The arterial flow is proved with the Doppler flowmeter and in one patient with arteriography. The operative technique is described, the advantages and disadvantages in contrast to other procedures are discussed.


Genetic exchanges in the macrocysts of Dictyostelium discoideum.

Crosses were made between strains of Dictyostelium discoideum involving two drug resistance markers and the mating-type locus. Over 6000 progeny from 263 individual germinated macrocysts from four single-factor crosses, five two-factor crosses and one three-factor cross were characterized. In most cases the progeny from a single macrocyst were of one genotype, although in the population of macrocysts from any two-factor cross all possible parental and recombinant genotypes were recovered. There was no evidence of linkage between any of the markers examined. No selection against progeny carrying the methanol or the cycloheximide resistance markers was found in two-factor crosses, but selection against progeny carrying both resistance markers was found in the three-factor cross. Germination of macrocysts in all crosses was poor, only once exceeding 2.5% of the total macrocyst population. A variety of crosses and back-crosses with different parental strains indicated that germination might be influenced by both extrinsic (environmental) and multiple genetic factors. About 10% of the macrocysts yielded progeny spores that were ambivalent in their mating reactions. After extensive recloning these populations could be resolved to the normal matA (formerly A1) and mata (formerly A2) mating-types and might therefore have represented aneuploids. The results obtained with D. discoideum macrocysts differ from those obtained with other cellular slime moulds--Dictyostelium mucoroides, Dictyostelium giganteum and Polysphondylium pallidum--and are reminiscent of the results reported for germinated zygospores of Phycomyces blakesleeanus.


Influence of tooth p roprioception on speech articulation.

Based on an analysis of the data obtained, the following conclusion can be made: 1. Time used to pronounce /S/ is increased for patients when their prostheses are not being worn. 2. There is a decrease in formant frequency when pronounciation of /S/ takes place without the prosthesis in place. 3. The amount of time span increase was less for overdenture group than for the complete denture group; the drop of formant frequency was not as greater as that of the complete denture group. 4. The precision of speech movement for the production /S/ is affected by the presence of tooth proprioception.


An evaluation of a polyvinyl occlusal splint for improving the health of inflamed maxillary supporting mucosa of complete denture patients.

A study was made to determine the effects of a polyvinyl occlusal splint on improving the health of inflamed maxillary supporting mucosa. Color slides were made before and after treatment of the maxillary supporting mucosa of 22 edentulous patients wearing dentures during a 15-day test period. The control group consisted of 13 patients, and the experimental group was comprised of nine patients who wore the occlusal splint over the maxillary denture. The 35 mm color slides taken before and after treatment were evaluated by 50 examiners to determine if the health of the maxillary supporting mucosa was better, the same, or worse after the 15-day test period. Fourteen of the examiners were retested to determine the reliability of the viewer. An observable change was noted in the experimental group at a p value less than 1 in 100,000. These findings indicate that the occlusal splint was effective in improving the health status in 64.7% of the experimental patients and that the experimental method was valid.


Clinical progress of sealed and unsealed caries. Part II: Standardized radiographs and clinical observations.

At the present time, a trend has been shown that the progress of sealed caries is markedly slowed by sealant therapy as compared to open lesions. This fact has been substantiated by depth measurements, viable bacterial counts, standardized radiographs, and clinical observations. The radiographic and clinical observations agreed with the previously reported two parameters in confirming that (1) sealed cavities showed little or no change in depth and (2) open lesions showed a significant increase in depth as compared to sealed lesions.


Dental erosion of nonindustrial origin. A clinical survey and classification.

A survey was made from the clinical records of 72 patients diagnosed as suffering from dental erosion of nonindustrial origin. The information surveyed included dietary history, relevant medical history, clinical examination, and color photographs of the affected teeth. A new classification of erosion is proposed and the different types of lesions are described.


The etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of TMJ dysfunction-pain syndrome. Part I: Etiology.

Craniomandibular pain has five major causes: neurologic, vascular, the temperomandibular joint itself, muscular, and hysterical conversion. When the pain source is purely in the muscles it has been termed MPD (myofascial pain dysfunction) by Laskin. However, when the TMJ itself is also involved it is called TMJ dysfunction-pain syndrome.


Mandibular movements of young adults recorded by intraorally placed light-emitting diodes.

Mandibular chewing movements of 10 young adults were registered with LED. The registrations were performed manually, and the following observations were made: 1. The mean cycle duration was reduced from 1.12 seconds for cycle 1 to 0.76 second for cycle 16. 2. The duration of the opening phase appeared to be shorter than that of the closing phase. 3. The maximal vertical movement of the mandible decreased throughout the chewing period. The results obtained in this study agree with those reported by other investigators and indicate that a system using LED is suitable for analyzing the mandibular movement pattern in clinical situations.


EMG, bite force, and elongation of the masseter muscle under isometric voluntary contractions and variations of vertical dimension.

The relation EMG activity, bite force, and muscular elongation was studied in eight subjects with complete natural dentition during isometric contractions of the masseter muscle, measured from 7 mm to almost maximum jaw opening. EMG was registered with superficial electrodes and bite force with a gnathodynamometer. In series 1, recordings of EMG activity maintaining bite force constant (10 and 20 kg) show that EMG is high when the bite opening is 7 mm, decreases from 15 to 20 mm, and then increases again as jaw opening approaches maximum opening. In series 2, recordings of bite force maintaining EMG constant show that bite force increases up to a certain range of jaw opening (around 15 to 20 mm) and then decreases as we approach maximum jaw opening. Results show that there is for each experimental subject a physiologically optimum muscular elongation of major efficiency where the masseter develops highest muscular force with least EMG activity.


The role and responsibility of schools in affecting dental health status--a potential yet unrealized.

In summary, the schools' role in affecting dental health status for children remains as a potential yet unrealized. Schools have a tremendous capacity to be supportive of programs involving preventive health and preventive dentistry for children. In order to activate such potential, there must develop stronger national and regional health planning and initiatives. Such initiatives must proceed on the basis of sound evaluation support for methods of improving dental health, must seek involvement and integration of the health and educational system, and must seek to finance and refinance school health efforts under the rubric of health care expenditures.


Combination of school-based primary and secondary preventive dental programs in the United States and other countries.

School-based programs in the United States are very limited. Other countries in the world have established programs for many years which provide comprehensive services to school-age children. In this country philosophical and professional pressures have maintained school-based programs only in the area of primary prevention. Most treatment programs involving secondary prevention are not school-based and are targeted at specific population groups rather than all children. The basic questions of whether primary and secondary preventive school-based programs can be successful have been examined in this paper. The evidence based on the pilot program presented here is that these programs can be successful. They are well accepted by parents and children, they provide quality care at a reasonable cost, and, most importantly, they can reduce dental disease. It's time for a committment by the profession and the nation to establish school-based dental programs for the health and welfare of our children.


Linkage studies in hereditary angio-oedema.

The locus for hereditary angio-oedema must lie well outside the limits of the HLA complex. Linkage tests with 16 marker loci gave no hint of linkage. In particular, close linkage is excluded for C6, PGM1 MNSs, Gm, Rh, Km, Hp, and ABO.


Persistence of infectious Friend virus in spleens of mice after spontaneous recovery from virus-induced erythroleukemia.

Persistent infectious virus was detected in the majority of spleens of (C57BL/10 X A.BY)F1 mice after spontaneous recovery from Friend virus-induced erythroleukeima. The Friend murine leukemia helper virus (F-MuLV) was detected in titers up to 3 X 10(5) PFU/g of spleen. The defective spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV) was present in much lower titers and could be detected in cell-free spleen homogenates only after amplification of virus titer by growth of virus in vitro on SC1 cells. The incidence of cells producing F-MuLV alone in spleens after recovery from leukemia was 0.003 to 0.3%, and the incidence of cells producing both F-MuLV and SFFV was less than 0.0001 to 0.01%. In most recovered mouse spleens there appeared to be a selective reduction of SFFV relative to F-MuLV.


Inhibition of DNA synthesis by carcinogens in human colon mucosa in organ culture.

The capability of carcinogens with different modes of action to affect replicative DNA synthesis in the human colon was tested with the use of organ culture of histologically normal mucosae from patients undergoing colectomy for colon cancer or diverticulosis. 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine, an organotropic carcinogen for the colon in rodents, inhibited DNA synthesis of mucosa at a concentration of 3.0 mM but not at 1.5 mM. Methylazoxymethanol acetate, a proximate carcinogen, inhibited DNA synthesis at a concentration of 1.5 mM. N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), a direct-acting carcinogen, inhibited DNA synthesis at a concentration of 0.5 mM. No tissue toxicity was observed at the doses of these carcinogens used. The procarcinogen benzo[a]pyrene, which is not organotropic for the colon, caused no inhibition of DNA synthesis in colon explants at concentrations of 0.01--0.05 mM. These data indicate that replicative DNA synthesis in the human colon is most sensitive to the inhibitory effect of the direct-acting carcinogen MNNG.


Binding of peanut lectin to breast epithelium, human carcinomas, and a cultured rat mammary stem cell: use of the lectin as a marker of mammary differentiation.

We investigated the binding of fluorescence-labeled peanut agglutinin (PNA) to breast epithelium. Specific binding of PNA to the mammary glands of female Sprague-Dawley rats increased as the gland matured. Sexually immature rats showed relatively little fluorescence, but this increased in mature and pregnant animals. A maximum was reached in lactating rats in which significant labeling of material within the lumen was observed. PNA was bound exclusively to the epithelial and not the myoepithelial or mesenchymal cells. In tissue culture, a rat mammary epithelial stem cell line, which can be stimulated to differentiate to alveolus-like secretory or myoepithelial cells, showed evidence of PNA binding only on the secretory cells and not on unstimulated or myoepithelial cells. Fibroblast cultures also failed to show significant binding of PNA. Receptor sites on the secretory cells were masked mainly by sialic acid. Human breast sections, like those of the rat, showed fluorescent labeling at the apical region of the epithelial cells; this labeling increased if the tissue had prior treatment with neuraminidase. Breast carcinomas that were morphologically differentiated showed more labeling with PNA than did undifferentiated tumors, which often had weak or sometimes negative labeling. When significant fluorescence was observed, it was localized mainly in the cytoplasm. By contrast, labeling was restricted to the cell periphery in differentiated carcinomas. The use of PNA as a marker for breast epithelial cell differentiation is therefore proposed.


Human tissue polypeptide antigen in breast cancer.

Serum tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were simultaneously measured in 108 patients with breast cancer, in 40 healthy women, and in 26 women with benign breast disease. TPA levels were elevated (0.09 microgram/ml or higher) in 53% of 19 patients with primary breast cancer, and CEA levels were elevated (2.5 ng/ml) in 21%. Among 67 patients with metastatic breast cancer, TPA and CEA levels were increased in 70% and 61%, respectively. TPA was positive in 13% and CEA in 8% of the healthy women. CEA levels were not elevated in patients with benign breast disease, but levels of TPA were elevated in 27% of those studied. Elevation of TPA levels was more frequent in patients with visceral metastasis having higher values of the test results. Among 22 women with breast cancer who had no apparent cancer recurrence, TPA levels were elevated in 12 and CEA levels in 6. In another group of 39 patients with metastatic breast cancer who received palliative therapy, a limited correlation was noted between the clinical course of the disease and changes in TPA and CEA values measured in linear fashion. Thus TPA appeared to be equal to CEA as a tumor marker in most areas analyzed.


Estimation of relative risk from vital data: smoking and cancers of the lung and bladder.

Mortality data from cancers of the lung and bladder in England and Wales were analyzed. With the use of detailed information on cigarette consumption, a nonlinear least-squares analysis showed that the differences between males and females in the rates of these cancers could be explained on the basis of differences in smoking habits. Furthermore, estimates of the relative risk due to smoking were obtained. The relative risks of smoking 146,000 cigarettes (equivalent to 20 cigarettes/day for 20 yr) were 4.3 for lung cancer and 2.9 for bladder cancer. These estimates agree with those obtained by other types of epidemiologic studies.


Effect of intestinal bacteria on incidence of liver tumors in gnotobiotic C3H/He male mice.

The effect of intestinal microflora on liver tumorigenesis was studied in gnotobiotic C3H/He male mice monoassociated, diassociated, or polyassociated with the following strains of intestinal bacteria: Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium infantis, Clostridium indolis, C. paraputrificum, C. perfringens, C. innocuum, C. nexile, C. ramosum, C. clostridiiforme, Bacteroides multiacidus, Bacteroides fragilis, Veillonella alcalescens, V. parvula, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The incidence of liver tumors was higher in most of the gnotobiotes (67--100%) and conventionalized mice (82%) derived from the germfree mice than in the germfree mice (39%). The average incidence of tumor nodules in gnotobiotes associated with E. coli, S. faecalis, and C. paraputrificum was 2.9, which was significantly higher than that in the conventionalized animals (1.6). In contrast, the average incidence of tumor nodules in gnotobiotes associated with E. coli, S. faecalis, L. acidophilus, C. perfringens, and Bacteroides fragilis (0.9) was not significantly different from that in germfree animals (0.5). The present study demonstrated that the presence of certain intestinal bacteria is related to liver tumorigenesis in gnotobiotic C3H/He male mice.


Pulmonary metastases from autochthonous 3-methylcholanthrene-induced murine tumors.

In three experiments, 87%, 75%, and 85% of female C57BL/6N mice developed pulmonary metastases by 50 days after amputation of legs having autochthonous 3-methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas. No difference in the incidence of pulmonary metastases was observed when autochthonous tumors of short (49--94 days) and longer (95--119 days) latency periods were compared. These metastasizing autochthonous tumors may provide a useful model for studies of metastases and for the evaluation of cancer therapy in a minimal residual disease setting.


Differences in resistance of metastatic tumor cells and cells from local tumor growth to cytotoxicity of natural killer cells.

Cells from local tumor growth (L-3LL) were compared to metastatic tumor cells (M-3LL) for their susceptibility to the cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells. M-3LL cells were more resistant in vitro to NK cells from normal spleens than were L-3LL cells. A similar phenomenon of relative resistance of metastatic cells to NK activity was found when L-3LL and M-3LL cells were admixed with normal spleen cells and then inoculated into syngeneic mice. Because hybrid resistance was shown to be based on mechanisms that in principle are similar to mechanisms involved in NK activity, we tested the growth of M-3LL and L-3LL cells in semiallogeneic F1 mice. The in vitro effect of NK cells from semiallogeneic mice on M-3LL and L-3LL cells was tested in parallel. In vitro tests showed that irrespective of the haplotype of the spleen cell donors, L-3LL cells were more susceptible to NK activity than were M-3LL cells. In vivo experiments indicated that whereas M-3LL and L-3LL cells grew similarly in syngeneic recipients, M-3LL cells grew far more in F1 mice than did L-3LL cells. Thus metastatic cells are more resistant to NK activity than are cells of the local tumor growth. This relative resistance may determine, among other factors, the metastatic spread and progression of tumor cells.


Carcinogenicity of halogenated olefinic and aliphatic hydrocarbons in mice.

A series of 15 halogenated hydrocarbons of industrial and environmental importance were tested for carcinogenicity by chronic administration by one or more routes in Ha:ICR Swiss mice. Not all compounds were tested by the four routes of administration used. Allyl chloride, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, and vinylidene chloride were active as skin tumor initiators in the two-stage carcinogenesis assays; phorbol myristate acetate was used as a promoter. 1,2-Dibromoethane was the only compound that induced a significant incidence (p less than 0.05) of skin papillomas, skin carcinomas, and lung tumors by repeated skin application. 1,2-Dichloroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane, and 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane induced lung and/or stomach tumors by repeated skin application. Two compounds showed sarcomagenic activity by sc injection; they were cis-1,3-dichloropropene and 2-chloropropanal. By intragastric intubation, 1-chloropropene and 2-chloropropanal induced significant numbers of stomach tumors. Vehicle, no-treatment, and positive control groups were included in these tests. The following compounds were also tested by one or more of the four routes but were inactive by the criteria used; i.e., they showed P = 0.05 or greater than 0.05: trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, hexachlorobutadiene, chloroacetaldehyde, 1-chloropropene oxide (cis and trans), and trichloroethylene oxide.


3,4-Dihydroxybenzylamine: a dopamine analog with enhanced antitumor activity against B16 melanoma.

3,4-Dihydroxybenzylamine (DHBA), a dopamine analog, was much less toxic than dopamine when tested against the B16 melanoma in vivo and in vitro. Daily doses of 1,000 mg DHBA/kg were better tolerated than doses of 400 mg dopamine/kg. When tested against the B16 melanoma in (C57BL/6 x DBA/2)F1 mice, DHBA had a significantly improved therapeutic effect as shown by a life-span increased 70% as compared to 48% with dopamine. DHBA shared the catecholamine property of selectively inhibiting thymidine incorporation as compared to leucine or uridine incorporation. Because the inhibitory effects of DHBA on the B16 melanoma cells in vitro were similar to those of dopamine, much of the improved efficacy in vivo might be attributed to decreased toxicity.


Synthesis of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-nitrosourea and comparison of its carcinogenicity with that of 1-ethyl-1-nitrosourea.

1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-nitrosourea (HNU) was prepared by the action of nitrosyl chloride on (2-hydroxyethyl)urea. Attempts to synthesize HNU by an earlier described method were unsuccessful and led to the formation of the cyclized derivative 1-nitroso-2-oxazolidone. In addition, the spectral data that we obtained for HNU differed from those reported earlier. Female C57BL/Cbl mice were treated with single ip doses of HNU to determine its median lethal dose (LD50) and its ability to induce lymphocytic thymic lymphomas in these mice. The results showed that the LD50 was the same as that for 1-ethyl-1-nitrosourea (ENU) and that its was slightly more potent than ENU as a carcinogen in this system.


Plasma membrane and intracellular lipid synthesis in tumor cells rendered sensitive to humoral immune killing after treatment with metabolic inhibitors.

Line 10 guinea pigs hepatoma cells are resistant to killing by antibody and guinea pig complement. Metabolic inhibitors (adriamycin and actinomycin D) that increase the sensitivity of the cells to antibody-complement (C) killing were examined for their effects on the ability of the cells to synthesize and incorporate specific lipids into plasma membrane and intracellular membrane fractions. Drug-treated cells that had been rendered sensitive to antibody-C killing were inhibited in their incorporation of newly synthesized phosphatidylcholine and cholesteryl ester into the plasma membrane, as well as incorporation of phosphatidylcholine, cardiolipin, cholesteryl ester, and triglyceride into certain intracellular organelles including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, nuclear membrane, or microsomes. Drug-treated cells recultured in the absence of the drug regained their ability to resist antibody-C killing and to synthesize and incorporate lipids into plasma and intracellular membranes. These data suggested that agents modifying the sensitivity of the tumor cells to humoral immune killing have a concomitant effect on plasma membrane and intracellular lipid synthesis.


Murine leukemia virus-associated cell surface antigens in rats neonatally infected with Gross murine leukemia virus.

The inoculation of newborn W/F, Lew, AS and DA rats with Gross murine leukemia virus (G-MuLV) resulted in the prompt appearance of cells with viral protein antigens (VPA) on their surfaces. These were first found in the bone marrow and spleen and later in the thymus gland. As the animals developed, the VPA-positive population expanded and the intensity of the fluorescence increased. In the spleen, the cells with the strongest fluorescence had the properties of T-cells, but in both spleen and bone marrow low levels of VPA were found on non-T-cells. The VPA-positive population expanded long before malignant cells could be detected and, in most animals, the entire T-cell compartment became antigen-positive. These animals were unable to respond to G-MuLV antigens and many eventually developed leukemia. However, some animals apparently broke the tolerance that followed neonatal infection and eliminated VPA-positive cells from their tissues


[Relapse in acute lymphoblastic leukemia of childhood--treatment and results (author's transl)].

Twelve children with their first relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia who had the same initial therapy were treated on an out-patient basis. After 28 days all entered second remission. Medium remission duration was 11 months. At the end of the study seven patients were in continuous complete remission. Of the twelve children seven suffered bone marrow, two meningeal, two testicular relapses and one a combined bone marrow and meningeal relapse. Side effects were compatible with an out-patient treatment.


Inosine 5'-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in normal and leukemic blood cells.

The enzyme inosinic acid dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1 [14]) was measured and partially purified (10- to 15-fold) from normal and leukemic leukocytes. From the normal blood cells, the highest activities could be detected in lymphocytes and bone marrow cells. Dependent on the blast cell count, the leukemic IMP dehydrogenase had a higher mean specific activity than the enzymes of fractionated, immature bone marrow cells, or normal granulocytes. The partially purified enzymes from the various blood cells were apparently identical; they exhibited hyperbolic substrate saturation kinetics and were inhibited by a number of purine nucleotides. For the leukemic blast cell enzyme, the Km values for the substrates, IMP and NAD+, were 28 +/- 11; 227 +/- 98 microM, and 34 +/- 10; 240 +/- 67 microM for the partially purified enzyme from normal, immature bone marrow cells. The hypoxanthine-guanine and adenine phosphoribosyltransferase activities increased in the leukemic cells when compared with mature granulocytes, but nearly always showed similar activities when compared with fractionated bone marrow cells. Only one of the 30 investigated leukemic patients exhibited a marked decrease in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activity of 0.5 nmol/mg/h. The phosphoribosyltransferase-specific activities of the leukemic cells are more variable than for the normal ones and no correlation of enzyme activities and blast cell count was apparent.


An amputee visitor program as an adjunct to rehabilitation of the lower limb amputee.

Based on evaluation of the rehabilitative needs of patients who have had a leg amputated because of cancer, an amputee visitor program was developed. The visitor is a cancer amputee who has successfully completed rehabilitation. About 5 days after a patient's amputation, the visitor sees the patient, telling of personal experiences, answering the patient's questions, and showing the prosthesis. The visitor later evaluates the visit on a data collection sheet. From 1 to 6 months after the visit, the patient and, if possible, a relative are interviewed to determine their long-term reaction to the program. During a 30-month period, 65 new patients were seen and evaluated by two visitors. Sixty (92%) responded favorably to the visit. In follow-up interviews with 36 patients, 33 (92%) said the visit substantially improved their outlook. In summary, our data indicate that the amputee visitor contributes significantly to rehabilitation.


A study of barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) genome. I. Determination of sequence homology between BSMV RNA species.

The sequence homology between individual RNA species of three-component Norwich strain of BSMV (BSMV-N) has been studied by kinetic hybridization analysis using complementary DNAs obtained for each of the three BSMV-N RNA species by the method of Taylor et al. (1976). No significant sequence homology could be detected between RNA 1, on the one hand, and RNA2 and RNA3, on the other, whereas RNA2 and RNA3 were found to be highly homologous.


Ribosomal proteins of the dimorphic fungus, Mucor racemosus.

Ribosomal proteins of the dimorphic fungus Mucor racemosus were isolated and characterized by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Proteins from ribosomes of the yeast and mycelial phase were compared, and were found to be qualitatively indistinguishable. The only consistent difference in the patterns of proteins was in a protein of the 40S subunit, S-6. This protein was phosphorylated in yeast and hyphae forms, but not in asexual sporangiospores. Studies on protein S-6 showed that it contained 3 phosphate residues per molecule of protein when maximally phosphorylated. In this form 3 different tryptic peptides were shown to contain a single phosphoserine. The S-6 protein also existed in forms containing 1 or 2 phosphates per molecule, depending on growth conditions.


A uniform genetic nomenclature for the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.

A uniform system of genetic nomenclature for the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is described. Convenient ways are specified to designate genes, mutations and strains, and to attempt to avoid name duplications.


Resistance against cycloheximide in cell lines from Chinese hamster and human cells is conferred by the large subunit of cytoplasmic ribosomes.

Cell lines from Chinese hamster ovary [CHO-K1-D3] and human fibroblast cells [46, XX, 18p-] were mutagenized with N-nitrosomethylurea followed by a selection for cycloheximide resistance. Two mutants resistant against the drug were selected from either wildtype. 80S ribosomes and their ribosomal subunits were isolated from all mutant and wildtype cells. 80S ribosomes reassociated from the isolated subunits were as active as isolated 80S couples in the poly (U) dependent poly (Phe) synthesis. Hybrid 80S ribosomes constructed from subunits of the various cell lines of the same species were fully active, whereas the interspecies 80S hybrids were not active at all in poly (Phe) synthesis. Hybrid 80S ribosomes from subunits of mutant and the corresponding wildtype cells were tested in the poly (U) assay in the presence and absence of cycloheximide. The results strikingly indicate that in all four mutant cell lines the resistance against cycloheximide is conferred by the large subunit of cytoplasmic ribosomes.


Poor outlook for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with relapse.

Results of treatment in 72 children with a relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia were analysed. A second remission was induced in 57 children (79%). Remission rates were significantly higher in males, and in patients with white cell counts less than 30 X 10(9)/L. The median duration of the second remission was only four months, and the median duration of survival from the time of relapse was nine months. The median duration of survival from the time of diagnosis was 27 months. Among children who suffered a relapse was a small group who had prolonged survival and prolonged second remissions. It is uncertain whether some of these may have a chance of "cure".


[Infection control in burned children (author's transl)].

Hygienic precautions in hospital have absolute priority for the prevention of infections in patients with burns. For adequate dosage of antibiotics further studies are required. The dosage of many substances has probably been too low. The most promising results might be achieved by methods which increase the defences of the human body itself.


Hepatitis B antigen in a psychiatric hospital population.

Sera from 1283 patients and 73 staff members from Cherry Farm Psychiatric Hospital were screened for hepatitis B antigen over a five year period, following a single confirmed case of type B hepatitis in one villa. Apart from the presenting case, 10 asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis B antigen were detected, three of these being from the same villa and possessing the same antigen subtype as the presenting patient. Only two of 26 Down's syndrome patients and two of 44 Polynesian patients were positive. No staff members were positive. A case of frank hepatitis B occurred in a male nurse accidentally pricked with a needle contaminated with blood from one of the carriers. The low prevalence of hepatitis B antigen in this population for the mentally ill is possibly related to the reduced patient contact resulting from the isolated villa type of accommodation.


Genital tract-to-eye infection: tissue culture of Chlamydia trachomatis.

A method of cell culture using HeLa 229 cells is described for the isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis. From 40 patients with non-specific urethritis (NSU) attending a venereal disease clinic, the isolation rate was 60 percent and 78 percent from neonates with sticky eyes from which no other organism could be isolated.


Comparison of an adapted milk with whole cows milk.

Two groups of babies, one having SMA, one homogenised milk, were studied. Haemoglobin was measured in the neonatal period, and at 3, 6, 10 1/2 and 15 months. Five babies of the homogenised milk group became anaemic. Stools were tested for occult blood, with more strongly positive test results found in babies having homogenised milk. Serum lipids were measured at 3, 6, 10 1/2 and 15 months. Serum cholesterol was significantly higher at three and six months in the homogenised milk group. There were no significant differences in growth between the groups. Review of progress  at five years of age discovered higher serum cholesterol in those children of social class three who had homogenised milk compared with the similar five year olds who had had SMA.


A case of advanced abdominal pregnancy.

A case of advanced abdominal pregnancy is described, with survival of both the mother and a normal infant. Reasons for the failure to establish the correct preoperative diagnosis are discussed.


Fatal accident during an epileptic automatism.

The case of an adult male involved in a motor accident, in which the driver of the other car was killed, is described. A plea of epileptic automatism was used successfully to defend the charges.


Familial hypokalaemic periodic paralysis: case report and family study.

The maternal extended family of a young man shown to suffer from periodic paralysis were investigated. Several members were found to have biochemical and symptomatic evidence of muscle disorder.


Coronary care and the elderly: experience in a small community hospital.

Data were collected over 20 months to assess the effect of the absence of an age-bar on admissions to the coronary care unit, Wairau Hospital, Blenheim. Patients aged 70 or more comprised 31 percent of total admissions and 38 percent of proven infarcts from which their mortality of 29 percent was more than double that of younger patients. The practical implications of these and other findings for our own hospital are discussed.


Campylobacter enteritis: a common cause of adult diarrhoea.

A case of acute diarrhoeal disease in a young male due to Campylobacter jejuni is described, and the importance of this organism as a cause of acute diarrhoea in adults is discussed.


Campylobacter enteritis and Yersinia enterocolitica infection in New Zealand.

A three-month survey was undertaken to determine the incidence of Campylobacter jejuni and Yersinia enterocolitica in diarrhoeal disease and acute abdominal disease in Palmerston North. C. jejuni was isolated from five domiciliary patients and one hospitalised patient with acute diarrhoea but there were no isolations from patients suffering from acute abdominal disease. The isolation rates for C. jejuni in domiciliary and hospitalised patients with acute diarrhoea were 7.8 percent and 1.7 percent respectively. Y. enterocolitica was not isolated.


Influenza virus A (H1N1) in Fiji.

In April and May 1978 the newly emerged H1N1 subtype of influenza A virus caused an influenza epidemic among children and young adults in Fiji. The virus apparently failed to spread to New Zealand at that time despite the fact that each week more than 1000 people travel by air from Fiji to New Zealand.


Asthma and wheeze in New Zealand adolescents.

Two epidemiological surveys of New Zealand adolescents are reported. The prevalence of asthma was 7.5 percent in Rotorua and 7.9 percent in Wairoa. Additional questions asked in Wairoa identified 18.2 percent of subjects who had experienced wheeze but had not been labelled "asthma". The association of active asthma with nasal obstruction was confirmed. Wheeze which had not been labelled asthma was associated with the combination of subject's own and maternal cigarette smoking. The use of asthma medication was associated with easier geographic and socio-economic access to medical care, as well as with asthma activity.


Infant circumcision.

A prospective one year study of a birth cohort of 1262 infants indicates that the rate of infant circumcision has decreased substantially and is now about 25 percent. Most are performed at parental request and for family and traditional reasons rather than medical indications.


Radical radiotherapy for carcinoma of the prostate.

The results of treatment of carcinoma of the prostate with radical radiotherapy are presented. The principal aim has been to attempt cure, and only those free of secondary involvement have been irradiated. A total tumour dose of approximately 6000 rad has been administered to localised field encompassing the prostate. The treatment has been well tolerated. Our series of 42 patients was followed from one to eight years and the results are encouraging.


Severe deficiency of vitamin K dependent coagulation factors in an infant.

A severe deficiency of vitamin K dependent coagulation factors presenting 25 days after birth in an apparently healthy breast-fed infant is reported. The administration of antibiotics to the lactating mother, and lack of a vitamin K supplement to the new-born baby were possible predisposing factors.


Abortion experiences among New Zealand women.

In May 1976 the incidence of abortion among New Zealand women was surveyed over a national random probability sample of 1200 women aged 15 years and over. Of the respondents who had ever been pregnant, 16.6 percent had at some stage considered terminating their pregnancy, and one-third of them subsequently attempted to obtain an abortion with 84 percent success. Single women and/or women in the 15-24 year age group were more likely than married or older women to have considered abortion when pregnant, and were more likely to have followed through with an abortion attempt after considering abortion. Prior to 1974, 62 percent of the abortion attempts involved an unqualified operator, in contrast to only 5 percent of those attempted or obtained from 1974-1976. Women with abortion experiences shifted from a low incidence of contraception and reliance on inadequate methods prior to the abortion attempt, to a higher incidence and use of more adequate methods subsequent to the abortion attempt. Extrapolation from the survey data yielded a median estimated incidence of 8000 abortions per annum on New Zealand women.


Dental implications of brain abscess in children with congenital heart disease. Case report and review of the literature.

There is a high morbidity and mortality associated with brain abscesses in children with congenital cyanotic heart disease. A case is reported here which implicated an endodontically treated primary molar in the etiology of a brain abscess in a boy with congenital cyanotic heart disease.


Spontaneous pneumomediastinum associated with orthognathic surgery. A case report.

Numerous articles identifying pneumomediastinum as an immediate complication of dental and oral surgical procedures have been published. A patient who developed a spontaneous pneumomediastinum as a delayed complication, apparently not directly related to the surgical procedure, is presented in this report.


Mental nerve paresthesia secondary to sickle-cell crisis.

Two individual cases in which mental nerve paresthesia developed concurrently with sickle-cell crisis are described. A brief review of the hemoglobinopathies follows, with genetic considerations and clinical manifestations discussed.


Eczema herpeticum: atopic dermatitis complicated by primary herpetic gingivostomatitis.

Various aspects of eczema herpeticum are discussed, and a case of eczema herpeticum secondary to atopic dermatitis complicated by primary herpetic gingivostomatitis in a young adult is presented. The lesions cleared, and the patient was discharged after treatment via a multiphasic approach directed at the management of pyrexia, prevention of secondary bacterial infections, symptomatic and supportive care for the effects of the viral infection, and close monitoring for evidence of visceral viremia.


The induction of hyperkeratotic white lesions in hamster cheek pouches with mouthwash.

Listerine mouthwash applied to the left cheek pouch mucosa of thirty-seven hamsters 45 minutes daily for 41 days caused diffuse, corrugated white lesions showing hyperkeratosis in 100 percent of the animals. The right (control) side showed essentially no changes in response to saline solution applied similarly. The significance of these findings is discussed.


Intraoral rhabdomyomas.

Review of the world literature revealed 16 cases of intraoral rhabdomyomas. Thirteen additional cases of intraoral rhabdomyomas from the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology are reported. The neoplasm occurred principally in adults (mean age 56 years), and the male-female ratio was greater than 2:1. The majority of cases occurred in the floor of the mouth, followed by the soft palate, tongue, and buccal mucosa. Recurrences occurred in four (30 percent) cases, and there was one multiple recurrence. One residual tumor, the result of incomplete surgical removal was noted. Although these tumors have a characteristic microscopic appearance, they were frequently misinterpreted. The size, clinical presentation, and growth pattern of these tumors may reflect their ultimate behavior and prognosis.


The histomorphologic spectrum of the gingival cyst in the adult.

Gingival cysts with clinical manifestations are relatively uncommon lesions. The present study adds thirty-three new cases to the literature and analyzes their clinical and histologic features. The mandibular cuspid and first premolar region was found to be the most common location. The epithelial lining of the cysts was of several types. The most common type was a thin, flattened lining with or without localized thickenings (buds). Other types included nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium, keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, and parakeratinized epithelium with palisading basal cells. Gingival cysts should be distinguished from lateral periodontal cysts on the basis of their origin in the gingiva rather than in bone. It appears that most gingival cysts with clinical manifestations are of odontogenic origin.


Amelogenesis imperfecta with taurodontism.

Reports of families having a combination of amelogenesis imperfecta and taurodontism are limited. This study of members of three families shows that the combination is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. In each of the patients examined, neither condition was seen without the other. The enamel was rough and dysplastic and varied in color from white to yellow. Radiographically, taurodontism was present in the deciduous and permanent dentitions. The pulp chambers of the incisor teeth were larger than is usually seen at all ages. All patients had normal-appearing hair, fingernails, and bones. The distinction between amelogenesis imperfecta with taurodontism and the tricho-dento-osseous syndrome is discussed.


Scanning x-ray microanalysis of root canal sealers.

Seven commercially available root canal sealer powders were analyzed by scanning x-ray microanalysis to identify constituent elements in each. Analysis showed that strongly cytotoxic sealers in vitro contained lead or magnesium, while those materials which exhibited mild or moderate cytotoxicity in vitro contained bismuth, zinc, calcium, or silicone.


Simple metallic compounds as pulp-capping agents.

A study is described in which six metallic compounds identified in a previous pilot experiment were tested as pulp-capping agents using the exposed rat molar. Barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, cupric oxide, ferric oxide, and heavy magnesium oxide gave poor results. Stannic oxide gave more favorable results and is being studied further.


Effect of delay in exposure and processing of charged xeroradiographic plates.

The degradation of xeroradiographic images due to delay in exposure and in processing of the charged plates is measured. The resolution was unchanged by delay in exposure or delay in processing the charged plates. However, degradation of the image was evident visually.


Leaded shields for thyroid dose reduction in intraoral dental radiography.

This study evaluated the radiation dose reduction, operator acceptance, and patient acceptance of two types of leaded thyroid shields designed for use during intraoral dental radiography. Exposure levels were measured with thermoluminescent dosimeters on three groups of 20 patients undergoing complete mouth (20-film) surveys. Skin entrance dose to the thyroid was 20 mR per complete mouth survey without a shield in place, 12 mR per complete mouth survey with the experimental shield in place, and 9 mR with the commercial shield. Patients and radiologic technologist were surveyed to determine patient comfort and operator acceptability. Patient and operator acceptability were higher for the experimental shield than for the commercial shield.


Osteolytic lesion in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Initial manifestation of blastic crisis?

Report of a 13-year-old boy who developed osteolytic lesions in the chronic phase of myelogenous leukemia. Five months later a blastic crisis followed.


Bone marrow karyotypes of children with nonlymphocytic leukemia.

Bone marrow (BM) karyotypes from 16 consecutive children presenting with nonlymphocytic leukemia were established with the use of banding techniques, before therapy. The two patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) showed the Philadelphia (Ph1) translocation (9q+;22q-). Five of the 14 patients with an acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) presented no acquired cytogenetic abnormalities, but one of these five showed a high level of hypodiploidy. One patient with AML evidenced a variant of the Ph1 chromosome originated as a translocation (12p+;22q-). Nonrandom abnormalities (-7; 7q-; +8; t(8;21); -21) were found in six patients, isolated or in association with otheraberrations. Among the random abnormalities, apparently balanced translocations and chromosomal deletions were observed. In ANLL, no correlation could be found between morphologic diagnosis and cytogenetic findings. On the other hand, the presence of BM cells with a normal karyotype at diagnosis was associated with an improved remission rate and survival time. Followup studies were performed in four ANLL patients with an abnormal cell clone at diagnosis. Three of them achieved hematologic remission; their BM karyotype was found to be normal at that stage. In the 4th patient, generalization of the abnormal karyotype in BM cells was seen in the terminal phase of the disease.


[T (15;17) translocation in acute promyelocytic and acute nonpromyelocytic leukemia (author's transl)].

Seven acute promyelocytic leukemias (APL) were compared with three atypical acute myeloblastic leukemias (AML). These three AML were characterized by high hyperleukocytosis, mostly formed of monocytelike myeloblasts, disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome, and a t (15;17) translocation in the majority of leukemic cell mitoses. This translocation was inconsistently found in typical APL defined as M3, according to the FAB classification.


[Various aspects of finishing of composites].

The technology of finishing restaurative dental materials is discussed. With various techniques several different brands of composites are polished. Only high speed tools with abrasives fixed at the stone or paper can polish the surface to an acceptable level. The use of pastes always causes a surface with a roughness that is determined by the size and distribution of the anorganic particles in the composite material.


[X-ray morphology of osteodystrophia deformans Paget (author's transl)].

Osteodystrophia deformans Paget is a frequent and localised disease of the skeleton in elderly persons. The x-ray morphology of the disease is not uniform. It depends on the site at the skeleton, on the design of the affected bone, and on the stage and course of the disease. Basing on 71 own observations, the various types of manifestation are discussed and both their characteristic and non-typical pattern explained. Attention is drawn to the complications which can result from involvement of the individual parts of the skeleton.


Magnesium metabolism in healthy subjects.

Magnesium metabolism was studied in 106 apparently healthy subjects aged between 15 and 80 years. The serum magnesium values had a gaussian distribution with a narrow range and with no age or sex dependence. The basal, urinary magnesium excretion was greater in men than in women at all ages and decreased with age. The magnesium and calcium excretions were closely correlated in both sexes. The fractional, gastrointestinal absorption of magnesium, assessed by a newly developed technique using the radionuclide 28Mg, compared favourably with that in earlier balance and tracer studies. The intracellular magnesium content, estimated in muscle specimens obtained by percutaneous biopsies, was not correlated to age or sex. A magnesium-loading test was performed, and the normal range for magnesium retention was calculated. No correlation was demonstrated between different magnesium parameters within the normal range in these subjects.


[Atypical facial neuralgia].

Under the name of pain we designate algies which cannot be attributed to a well defined syndrome or to a characterized disease. Sometimes it is possible, by the intermediary of clinical and radiological investigations, to uncover the causes of such pains, for example chronic pulpitis, denticles, impacted teeth, impacted root debris, cysts, enostoses, osteoid tumors, sequela of sinus surgery, etc. More rarely we can observe algies without anatomical substrate, located in the canine fossa and the zygomatic-alveolar crest. When looking for the causes of atypical pain, the participation of internal, neurological or psychogenous factors should not be forgotten.


[Styloid syndrome; Sluder's syndrome; Charlin's syndrome].

The styloid syndrome is caused by an irritation of the glossopharyngeal nerve from an excessive development of the styloid apophysis. Treatment consists of the resection of the same. The Sluder syndrome represents a nevralgy with origin in the sphenopalatine ganglion and a dysfunction of the parasympathetic system. The Charlin syndrome, much less frequent, manifests itself by pains in the territory of the nasociliar nerve and the ciliar ganglion.


[Case reports of differential diagnosis of facial neuralgia caused by extracranial neoplastic processes].

Neoplastic extracranial processes may be central or peripheral. Peripheral pains appear often late and cancerous progress may therefore be overlooked. Central (cranio-vertebral space) pains may be located in the mandible, supra- and infraorbitally, glossopalatally, lingually and in the maxilla. They may be localized or projected and mostly accompanied by paresthesias and hyperesthesias. It is important to make a differential diagnosis with a cerebral tumor which causes cephalic rather than facial pain.


[Headache caused by deformation of the nasal septum and by deviation disorders of the nasal cavity].

In case of uncertain pain of the frontal, nasal and maxillary area one must search for disturbed ventilation of the nose or its communications. Particularly so, if no radiological evidence is found. Anatomical changes may cause a primary irriation of the mucosa, when ventilation is distirubed or when there is direct contact between septum and conchal mucosa. As a reaction to such primary disturbance, ventilation to the maxillary sinuses may be inhibited, thus causing a secondary irriation. Thus a recidivating acute maxillary pain may occur without a real sinusitis, because of a hypoxia of the sinus. Rhinoscopy resp. nasal endoscopy will clear up anatomical primary causes. Conchal contact should be eliminated by lateroposition or by pinching. The septum deviation should be corrected if by nasal drops or spray the pains may be eliminated. Sinus obstruction may be diagnosed by rhinomanometry and sinuscopy and may be simultaneously treated by a small drainage tube.


[Surgical treatment of pain of meniscal origin].

Meniscal blocking of the TMJ is encountered by first trying to reduce it manually, if necessary under general anesthesia and curarization. Otherwise surgery is indicated. Meniscectomy is not recommended because of the danger of arthrosis. An arthroplasty is performed, the fibrocartilage removed and the condyle remodeled. The fibrocartilage regenerated totally, as could be shown experimentally. This intervention eliminates painful blocking of the joint and clicking during the first half of opening movements.


[Stomatodynias].

Stomatodynies are functional manifestations often observed in anxious and depressive individuals, in the form of glosso-, cheilo-, uranodynia. It may show itself in disturbances of the mucosa or of salivary secretion. It is necessary to reassure the patients, to explain the nature of the disease and to prevent them from autotherapy of local or psychic factors.


[Glossodynia].

Burning sensations on the tongue have several causes which may be found in only 50% cases. It is hardly possible to establish a differentiation into symptomatic and essential forms because transition from one into the other are of moving nature. Known causes may be divided into general and local ones. In cases of unknown origin it was found that they belonged to female patients mainly, during menopause and in cases of cancerophobia.


[Paresthesia].

Paresthesias originate from different causes, such as central nervous processes, accidental trauma, surgery, inflammations, tumors, general or systemic affections, degenerative processes of the TM Articulation or of the cervical vertebrae. Treatment may be conservative or surgical, but since paresthesias are always of inaccurate character, it is often difficult to choose adequate treatment.


[Herpes zoster in the mouth].

Herpes zoster is a viral disease with cutaneous and mucous manifestations. They occur in 30% cases in the trigeminal area and in 7.2% cases in other parts of the head. Typical manifestations are nevralgias simulating dental pain, also vesicles with an erythematous halo located in the territory of the second and third trigemial branch. They erupt on the skin, the lips, tongue, palate and cheeks. Zosteric nevralgia may extend into the territory of the first trigeminal. There is no known causal therapy and local treatments are but unsatisfactory pallatives.


[Application and experience with xeroradiography in the jaw].

Basics and characteristics of xeroradiography for bones and soft tissues, known and used in medecine only since 1971, are described. Advantages and disadvantages in comparison with the conventional radiography are evaluated, important possibilities for the use of xeroradiography are shown, on the basis of personal experience, in the field of face and jaws.


[Prevention in the schools of Massagno, Ticino: results after 8 years].

The results of 8 years of combined caries prophylaxis (fluoride tablets in school, brushing with aminofluoride gel, motivation of teachers, pupils and parents) are reported from the community of Massagno TI. Caries reduction of about 60%, or from 2.72 new lesion to 1.12 new lesion per pupil and year. About 60% of pupils did not require dental treatment in the year 1977/78. Root canal treatment and fillings of anterior teeth have all but disappeared. MO and MOD fillings have receded more than occlusal fillings. The community and the canton have economized some SFr. 20000.-per annum.


[Panoramic radiography: why the controversy?].

Because of the confusion which exists between the panography and the orthopantomogram we like to rectify the error. With the orthopantomograph the mandible and the maxilla are taken on a single film. The radiation source is extraoral, whereas for a panography the radiation source is directed from the oral cavity towards the outside, two films are needed, one for each jaw. The orthopantomogram can be used generally in odonto-stomatology. Dosimetry was also mentioned. The results prove that for an orthopantomogram the radiation dose is four times smaller than the dose given for full mouth X-rays taken with 16 intraoral films. It appears that an orthopantomogram should be the first step for a general X-ray examination, though it does not give all informations. For details the intraoral film keeps its value.


[Composites versus amalgam: comparative measurements of abrasion resistance in vivo: 1-year results].

A method for the in-vivo measurement of wear resistance of restorative materials is described. A profilometer is used to record the reduction in vertical dimension of the test material's occlusal surface. This loss of substance is calculated as the wear resistance index. The technique was used in a 13 month clinical evaluation of 3 different restorative materials, Adaptic, Amalgam (Dispersalloy) and Estic microfill. The procedure is simple in execution and very accurate. Statistical analysis has shown significant differences in wear resistance of the examined materials independent of patient variation. Attrition and abrasion were definitely greater with a standard composite material (Adaptic) than with amalgam and a test composite (Estic microfill). The newly developed composite material utilizing extremely fine filler particles of pyrogenic SiO2 (Estic microfill) was shown to be comparable to amalgam in wear resistance during the 13-month test period.


[Plastic bolting device for the temporomandibular joint for treatment of hypermobility (Re-examination results of the first 28 cases)].

Hypermobility of the mandibular condyle may only slightly be influenced by conservative treatment. On the other hand, all surgical methods, except the one described here include a risk factor concerning nerve or blood vessel damage. The present method limits, by plastic surgery, the joint mobility. 28 such operations were checked for results. The cases with recidivating luxation with trismus and blocking of the mandible reacted very favourably. The cases with habitual subluxation without trismus, and the cases with myofacial pain syndrome were not as favorable, objectively seen. Subjectively, however, the patients feel the operation is a success. Further investigation by control checking on late results is indicated.


[Bone and dental factors determining static and dynamic occlusion just as the method of orthodontic treatment].

In orthodontics, occlusion should be considered from both the static and the dynamic viewpoints. The factors which determine adequate occlusion and articulation are described. It is furthermore shown how the orthodontist can incorporate those factors which he can control into the orthodontic treatment.


[Displacement of the hinge angle point in a Class II malocclusion; 1 case report during treatment with a Bern activator (an interim report)].

In the context of a global examination of the effects of the activator therapy of Herren in class-II malocclusion, the position of the hinge axis points was studied in a group of 12 consecutive cases (9 boys and 3 girls). The hinger axis was recorded immediately before and in the course of the treatment, using a standardised recording method. After 1 mm change in occlusal relationship, the hinge axis points were located about 2 mm caudally of the tattooed zero point. When the change in occlusal relationship step by step had reached 3, 5 and 7 mm, and even after 6 months of retention, the hinge axis points had moved back by about 1 mm in a cranial direction, but remained still about 1 mm caudally of point zero. In a sagittal direction, a facial dislocation of about 1 mm was found no sooner than after a 6-months retention time. A study on reproducibility was used to ensure the statistical proof of these results.


[Transposition osteotomy of the upper jaws and immobilization with cranial fixation devices].

Retrognathia in a patient who has undergone surgery for correction of a cleft palate constitutes a specific indication for transposition osteotomy of the upper jaw. A satisfactory operative technique is described in which as much as possible of the posterior part of the hard palate is retained. The operation is followed by immobilization of the upper jaw with a halo. The results of follow-up examination of 9 patients who had been operated on between 1975 and mid-1977 are described in detail. They revealed a pronounced tendency to postoperative recurrence of the deformity and showed the importance of postoperative retention in preventing recurrence. The topics discussed also include the timing of the operation, of the postoperative retention, the fitting of dentures, and of subsequent plastic surgery.


[Chronic temporomandibular joint luxation. Results after corrective surgery].

Recidivating luxation of the TMJ are the topic. The clinical picture, therapy and operative methods are described. In particular, the results from a modified intraoral surgical operation are reported. Special emphasis is placed upon the partial removal of the medial pterygoid muscle which leads to a stronger and permanent scarring. This method is particularly suited for recidivating luxations, when the condyle paths are steep, and when luxation occurs toward the end of the mandibular opening movement. When condyle paths are flat or in cases of recidives other methods are recommended (for instance osteoplasty).


[Brain abscess after odontogenic infection].

Dentogenous infections are among the most frequent in the maxillo-facial area. Case report of a dentogenous-pyogenous-actinomycotic mixed infection, with the complication of a secondary brain abcess is given. Consecutively, the patient became an invalid. Origin and pathogenesis of the disease are described. Also, liberal incision and drainage as a preventive measure are recommended.


[Influence of two prophylaxis programs on the gingival status of children].

Two groups of schoolchildren from the city of Zurich and the community of Wallisellen were compared for gingival health and disease by the Sulcus Bleeding Index. The children of Wallisellen who received more intensive prophylactic program than the Zurich schoolchildren showed better gingival health in every age group. More prophylactic education and more frequent instructions for Zurich schoolchildren are indicated.


[Dental insurance systems in light of present-day prevention potentials].

The situation of public dental insurance systems of several countries in Western Europe was examined in the light of the fact that caries and periodontitis may be prevented. Available epidemiological data were discussed as to their relevance. In Switzerland, dental insurance systems are of minor importance. In voluntary insurance plans for adults, prevention is scarcely included. On the other hand, the communities provide subsidies for dental care of schoolchildren, and prevention is an integral part of this system. In the German Federal Republic, dental insurance costs have quadrupled during the period 1970-1977. Preventive measures are not subsidized, and in recent years, more than half of the insurance payments were used for prosthetic dentistry. The few dental statistics available show that dental treatment of children is unsatisfactory. In Sweden, preventive measures are refunded at 75%. Since the introduction of the public insurance system in 1974 prosthetic dental work has increased at the expense of conservative treatment. In France, the social security system pays for about three quarters of conservative and simple prosthetic work. Prevention has so far not been included. Despite liberal refunding of restorative work markedly higher prevalence of tooth loss was found in lower social levels as compared to higher levels. In Great Britain, the National Health Service was introduced in 1948. As in France, tooth loss is most frequent in lower social levels. The findings are discussed with respect to cost developments and oral health prospects in Switzerland. Attention is focused upon the observation that the insurance systems were conceived at a time when realistic preventive programs were unavailable and their success had not yet been demonstrated in large groups.


[Efficiency of systemic prophylatic antibiotics in the surgical removal of lower widsom teeth].

The efficiency of prophylactically given systemic antibiotics was examined in a double-blind study on 142 patients on an ambulatory basis. It was found that the application of antibiotics do not significantly lower the rate of postoperative infections after the surgical removal of lower third molars.


[Headache caused by distortion of the nasal septum and respiratory disturbances of the nasal cavity].

Head and facial pain of unknown origin may be caused by defective aeration of nose and sinus. The reason is a chronic irritation of the mucosa or direct contact between septum and conchal mucosa. A secondary reaction to the impaired breathing through the nose may be an irritation of the sinus without causing a full-grown sinusitis. Diagnosis and therapy are possible by rhinoscopy, sinumanometry and sinuscopy in one appointment.


[Influence of educational level and preventive measures on theperiodontal condition of adolescents].

From their answers to a questionnaire 1063 Swiss army recruits were included in one of 6 occupational groups. The clinical periodontal findings from the group were recorded and compared. The recruits with higher educational levels had a better periodontal status than those with less schooling. Regardless, the recruits from areas with well-organized prophylaxis programs had less gingivitis and smaller DMFT scores than the others.


[Comparative clinical study of 3 technics of functional analysis of occlusion].

The object of our research is to compare clinically and objectively three articulators: -- the Dentatus, semiadjustable articulator which employs dynamico-static records -- the T.M.J., fully adjustable articulator which employs dynamico-cinematic stereographic endobuccal records -- the Denar, fully adjustable articulator which employs dynamico-cinematic pantographic extrabuccal records. We expressly avoided repeating the mechanical and mathematical analysis of the possibilities and limitations of the articulator and copying the previous researches which always imply quasi-perfection in the behaviour of the patient, in the manipulations of the dental surgeon and in the physical qualities of the articulator and materials used. Our comparative research claims to respect all the variables which occur in the carrying out of an actual case and which are inherent in the patient, the dental surgeon, the articulator and the materials used. In carrying out our research we followed two essential conditions: -- We decided to follow, first of all, a strictly clinical plan using successively the three articulators in the analysis of the occlusal function (carried out twice) for each of the six patients and comparing the results obtained for each articulator and for each patient. -- We decided, next, that this comparative research should be strictly objective. To this end, we did not set out to form an opinion, on the basis of clinical impressions, favourable or unfavourable to the different characteristics of the three articulators. We limited ourselves, on the contrary, to measuring, superposing and making a comparative analysis of the results obtained with the three articulators for the same analysis of the occlusal function.


Radiographic caries diagnosis. A study of caries progression and observer performance.

A detailed index and score system was employed in radiographic studies of the progression of proximal caries during a three and a six year interval after the termination of the regular school dental care. It was demonstrated that the score system offers advantages compared with systems for estimating caries progression only taking into account the number of new lesions, since the former also reveals progression of already existing lesions. Most of the new lesions being developed during a six year interval was found in the enamel. The progression of already existing carious lesions was slow. Fewer new lesions and a slower progression of already existing lesions were found with the increasing age of the patients. Wide variations between observers were found at radiographic examinations of extracted teeth. The influence of such variations on the results of epidemiological caries investigations was elucidated. The importance of minimizing the rate of false positive diagnoses in investigations comparing the caries prevalence between different groups of patients was demonstrated. Data from the dental literature were used to estimate the probabilities of clinical cavities at different extents of the radiographically registered carious lesions. These probabilities were lower, the lower the prevalence of cavities and the smaller the extent of the radiographic lesion. Receiver operating characteristic curves based on the extents of the radiographic carious lesions were employed in assessing optimal criteria for restorative treatment, taking into account the prevalence of carious cavities and the costs of errors in the decision-making. The lower the cavity prevalence and the higher the cost of overtreatment, the greater the extent of the radiographic lesion that should be used as criterion for restorative treatment. The results of radiographic examinations of carious lesions were found to be greatly influenced by information given to the examiners and by the opinions of other observers. Such an influence, if occurring in epidemiological investigations, may give misleading results. Different densities in radiographs of different groups of patients to be compared may also give rise to inaccurate results. Ways of minimizing the influence of observer variations are discussed.


[General problem of the satisfaction of complete prosthesis wearers].

The concept of satisfaction is discussed from a psychopathological viewpoint with reference to complete edentulousness or complete dentures. The authors are of the opinion that the evaluation of the results from treatment with complete dentures should allow for subjective and objective appreciations. It is suggested to classify the patients in foundedly satisfied, unfoundedly satisfied, foundedly dissatisfied, and unfoundedly dissatisfied. Suggestions for the treatment of the respective groups are deduced.


[Further results of the Berlin morbidity study, 1972. 3. Visits to the dentist, oral hygiene and the periodontal condition].

There are relationships between the child's mode of visiting the dentist and the oral hygiene index of the adult, between the general educational level and the frequency of the visits to the dentist in adulthood, and between the regularity of dental care, the oral hygiene condition and the incidence of periodontal diseases. Regular care by one and the same dentist is without doubt beneficial to the patient.


[Problems and aspects of the solution of the health education of schoolchildren in the lower grades in questions of oral hygiene].

It is dealt with the significance of the education about oral hygiene which must be started at preschool age, the repercussions of its neglect being illustrated by authoritative studies (e.g., those of Künzel). The results obtained by questioning 107 pupils (aged between 8 and 10 years) and 33 dentists revealed the unsatisfactory state of information and education about oral hygiene. Furthermore, searching interviews of class-teachers showed that the existent opportunities of taking influence are not used or that their use is not effective enough. Ways of realization are presented in the form of suggestions referring not only to curricular and extra-curricular possibilities but also to aspects of the planning and management as well as of the instruction and continuing education of dentists and teachers.


[Has the age of patients with bilateral cheilognathoplatoschisis at the time of palatoplasty an influence on maxillary size development?].

The author reports of the biometrical analysis of 91 models obtained from 9--16-year-old patients with bilateral cheilognathopalatoschisis who had undergone pedicle flap operation (without insertion of bone material) at ages 4--6 years. It was found that the time of operation had exerted no effect on the state of development of the maxillae at ages 9--16 years.


[Sialolithiasis].

Affections of the major salivary glands are relatively rare in stomatology; but according to the indications of several authors, the proportion of sialolithiasis to the total amount of affections of the salivary glands (ranging from 20.5 to 55.5%) is great. The concretions are, as a rule, located in the duct system of the submandibular gland where they may reach, circumstances permitting, considerable sizes. The author's own investigations evidence that these calculi have a partly regular, partly irregular shell-like structure around a non-calcified centre. Chemical analysis by means of X-ray diffractometry revealed hydroxyapatite varying in the degree of cristallinity as the major component. Precursors in the form of octacalcium phosphate and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate have been disclosed. Salivary calculi must be removed (most frequently by surgical intervention) to avoid secondary diseases of the duct system of the respective gland.


[Interpretation studies of intraoral roentgenograms by stomatology students].

Seven copies of intra-oral radiographs with typical informations were presented to 603 students for interpretation; of these, 547 were dental students of various years of study, and 56 (reference group) were medical students. It was found that the correct interpretation of radiographs depends upon the student's educational level as well as upon the degree of difficulty. From the results obtained, the authors draw conclusions as to the education of dental students in radiology, emphasis being on seminars in the interpretation of radiographs.


[Application of scientific work organization to the design of the clinical stomatology work area].

The authors emphasize the necessity for the application of scientific work organization also in the stomatological-clinical working area. Apart from the treatment of aspects of the layout of the surgery, a survey of relevant items of equipment is given. The connexion of this equipment with an appropriate work organization is decisive to an advantageous sequence of operations.


[Etiology of dysgnathia].

As to the development of dysgnathias, a multifactorial system must be assumed, the analysis of single components being limited. These conditions are induced by several genes and various exogenous influences. Starting from these statements, the author considers the hereditary and the environmental factors as a dialectical unit, associates the implications of both groups of factors with typical forms of dysgnathias and draws conclusions as to the prognosis of "mainly genetically" and "mainly environmentally" induced dental and occlusal malpositions.


[The efficiency of school clinics].

The efficiency of dental services provided at a school mobile unit may be superior to that of dental services received at a traditional paedodontic practice. This is demonstrated by the statistical analysis of data from 7 years. The results of dental treatments performed in school mobile units are compared with those given at paedodontic practices.


[Dental examinations in 4 and 5 year old children from nurseries and institutions].

The authors compared the dental findings (caries frequency and conspicuous malocclusions) in 201 institutionalized children and 399 kindergarten children aged between 4 to 5 years. It is true that the proportion of primary healthy teeth was greater in the institutionalized children than in the kindergarten children, but the dentitions of the institutionalized children were more frequently in need of care. Furthermore, in institutionalized children malocclusion associated with finger-sucking was four times as frequent as in kindergarten children, which is attributed to the living conditions in the homes.


[The use of composites for temporary crowns of juvenile permanent front teeth].

The authors report of good results obtained in the temporary crowning of juvenile anteriors with the restorative plastic "Evicrol". The employment of this method is recommended as particularly indicated for the crowning of lateral incisors following orthodontic space closure.


[A contribution to the definition and differentiation of the concepts of prosthetic stomatitis, glossalgia and stomatodynia].

Due to differences in the aetiology, diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis, it is necessary to delimitate the clinic picture of stomatitis prothetica against the syndromes of glossalgia and stomatodynia.


[The use of sulfonamide containing drug combinations in pyogenic processes of the maxillofacial region].

Compound preparations containing trimethoprim and sulphonamide have been available in the pharmacies of the GDR since 1974. These are the preparations Berlocombin 200 (trimethoprim + sulphamerazine) and Sulprim 120 and 480 (trimethoprim + sulphamethoxazole) which are of great efficacy and have a broad spectrum of action. The mode of action, side-effects, dosage, commercial dosage forms and contraindications are described. Clinical tests have shown that a success-rate of 80.3% may be expected from treating pyogenic processes. Compound preparations of this kind might fill, at least in part, the gap caused by the increasing ineffectiveness of penicillin which is due to bacterial resistance.


[Cytogenetic characteristics of transplantable mouse tumors].

The cytogenetic control of 17 mouse tumor cell strains from of the collection of the bank of the Centre for Oncology Research of the AMS USSR was made: 4 leukemias (L-5178Y, L-1210, L-1210 resistant to 6-mercaptopurine, P-388), 2 sarcomas (S-180, S-298), 8 carcinomas (Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma, carcinoma 755,6-mercaptopurine resistant carcinoma 755, lung cancer LC-67, cervical cancer CC-2, cervical cancer CC-5, stomach cancer GC-5), 2 melanomas (B16, S91) and 1 plasmocytoma (MOPC 21). A comparison of their cytogenetic features allowed a conclusion to be drawn on the absence of any contamination among 14 strains of this collection. Carcinoma 755, sarcoma 298 and leukemia L-5178Y need some further examination for such inference to be valid.


[Copper and magnesium in the plasma and erythrocytes in leukemic patients].

Copper and magnesium in plasma and erythrocyte hemolysate were investigated of leucosis patients: acute and chronic (myelo-and lympholeucosis) in an active stage. In all patients, elevated average values of copper in plasma were established as compared with the controls (p greater than 0.05), being the highest in patients with lympholeucosis. Copper in erythrocyte hemolysate was not elevated in all three kinds of leucosis as compared with the controls (p greater than 0.05). Plasma magnesium was elevated in the patients with acute leucosis and chronic lympholeucosis, whereas in erythrocyte hemolysate, magnesium values were elevated in all three kinds of leucosis (p less than 0.05). The elevation of copper in plasma is associated with the malignant process and the elevation of magnesium in erythrocytes -- with a changed erythrocyte metabolism in leucosis patients.


[Sleep problems of the aging (author's transl)].

Sleep problems of the aging differ from adolescents clinicaly as well as in their EEG-pattern. They can be purely functional (exogenous or reactiv) however are frequently influenced by changes in the aging organism. Most common are cardio-vascular and pulmonary problems. The treatment of sleep disorders has to emphasize the improvement of these problems so that functional sleep difficulties can be treated successfully. It has to be recognized that elderly people can react paradoxically or overreact to all psychotropic agents including hypnotics.


[Treatment modalities in sleep disorder--neurophysiological introduction and behavior modification (author's transl)].

Neurophysiological studies have yielded new insights into sleep disorders. Neurophysiological processes play a major roll in sleep disorders in children. Learning theory can be used for the explanation and treatment of sleeping disorders.


[Problems with hypnotic drug abuse and its therapy (author's transl)].

Barbiturate dependence leads to serious withdrawel symptoms requiring first hospitalisation and later intensive outpatient treatment. This treatment can be supported with neuroleptic and anti depressant drug therapy. Adequate supportive aftercare is essential for a successful treatment of drugdependence.


[Acute mature myelocytic leukemia as a form of the myeloproliferative syndrome].

On the basis of five observations of adult patients with the clinical feature of mature cellular leukaemia which proved to be therapy-refractory and which was characterized by a rapid course is referred to the necessity of the differentiation of such cases from the classical myeloic leukaemia. The cardinal symptoms of this type of disease, which probably is identified with the cases described in literature as atypical chronic myelosis, as paraneutrophil leukaemia or as acute myelofibrosis, and also shows common features with the juvenile chronic myelosis, are, apart from the mature cellular differential blood picture a short life expectancy (less than 1 year), an initial thrombocytopenia, a normal or increased activity of the alkaline granulocyte phosphatase, the lack of Ph1-chromosome as well as the bad therapeutic reaction to busulfan. The observation of the simultaneously existing fibroses of the bone marrow as well as of the final increase of immature blasts induced the classification of the clinical picture as a special form of the myeloproliferative syndrome.


[Isolated cardiac tumor metastasis of an osteogenic sarcoma in the heart; a case report on diagnosis and control of treatment (author's transl)].

The case of an isolated metastatic tumor of the heart from a primary osteogenic sarcoma as well as its presentation and control under therapy by investigations of nuclear medicine are reported. Both the intravital diagnosis of an isolated metastatic tumor of the heart from an osteogenic sarcoma and the presentation of a heart tumor by bone scanning are not described to this day.


Observations on family planning acceptors in Papua New Guinea.

The continuation contraceptive practise of 3,293 I.U.D., 1985 pill and 749 depo-provera acceptors was analysed by a survey of family planning records. The proportions of grand multiporae were 40.3%, 24.2% and 40.4% in the three groups. Pap smears were taken in from 12 to 38.5% of acceptors and the proportions of pathological smears varied from 8.9 to 13.3%. The percentages of acceptors who attended only once more were 11% (I.U.D.), 18.1% (pill) and 25.1% (d-p.), Pregnancy rates were for the I.U.D., 1.7 per Hundred Woman Years, for the 2.1 per H.W.Y. and for d-p, 0.4, per H.W.Y. Temporary interruptions of the contraceptive methods were common with the pill and d-p. In the long run the I.U.D. is superior to the other temporary methods of contraceptives. Continuation rates with the I.U.D. were 89.9% after one year and 70.9% after five years (similar rates for the pill were 55% and 16.5% and for d-p 50.5% and 10.3%). The importance of a proper pelvic examination and the need to have all methods available for any individual receiving contraceptives are emphasized in the discussion. Tubal ligations should always be considered as an alternative to the temporary methods of contraceptives in ground multiporae and others at special risk from further pregnancies.


The clinical characteristics of diabetes mellitus in Papua New Guinea.

The typical patient with diabetes mellitus seen at major hospitals in Papua New Guinea between 1974 and 1977 had florid symptoms, a very high blood glucose, was non-obese and non-ketotic and, frequently had neuropathy and proteinuria. In 25% hypertension was present which was significantly more common in the presence of proteinuria. Diagnosis was often delayed by failure to test urine for glucose and treatment was usually ineffective so that coma, usually non-ketotic, severe infections and gangrene occurred frequently. Although not as common as in other South Pacific countries, diabetes is increasing in Papua New Guinea. The provision of simple adequate facilities to test urine for glucose in all hospitals and the establishment of diabetic out-patient clinics in major centres to instruct both patients and other health workers are essential to improve treatment and reduce mortality and morbidity.


Experience in the treatment of diabetes at Port Moresby General Hospital.

Dietary restriction of refined carbohydrate with regular meals and exercise, preventative foot care, and often daily inulin injections will reduce the mortality and morbidity from diabetes in Papua New Guinea. It is necessary to explain to both the diabetic and their family practical means of treatment including urine tests for glucose. Regular follow up is essential and the establishment of diabetic clinics in major centres would provide the best means of achieving this.


Fluid motion in the mammalian organ of Corti. A possible source of the second filter.

A mechanical analysis of the functioning of the mammalian organ of Corti as deduced from experimental observations and electronmicroscopic studies of the organ has been conducted. It was found that the arch of Corti is responsible for initiating a fluid motion in the spiral sulcus and reticular lamina which could stimulate the inner hair cells. A three-dimensional linear mathematical model with no arbitrary parameters is proposed to describe the force acting on the inner hair cell cilia as a function of arch displacement. Analysis of the model results show that the model (a) correctly predicts the form of the neural response for a low frequency square wave of arch motion, (b) demonstrates a physiologically reasonable time constant of 245 musec, (c) shows a sharpening of neural stimulation of physiological importance, (d) can explain the qualitative difference of neural responses to arch motions of opposite polarity, (e) demonstrates a phase difference between outer and inner hair cell stimulation, and (f) appears to be chemically and metabolically vulnerable.


Altered sleep/wake patterns and circadian rhythms. Laboratory and field studies of sympathoadrenomedullary and related variables.

Six studies on sleep/wake patterns and circadian rhythms were carried out. In summary: (1) Adrenaline excretion, self-rated activation, and body temperature rhythms persisted during sleep deprivation, resisted adjustment to rotating shift work, but adjusted rather well to permanent night work. Noradrenaline adjusted to most schedules and lost its rhythm during sleep deprivation. When night sleep was reintroduced the noradrenaline rhythm reappeared while the existing adrenaline rhythm was accentuated. (2) Exposure to a performance stressor at the trough raised adrenaline to daytime levels. An equally large response was seen at the peak. (3) Interindividual day-to-day consistency of 3 and 24 hour levels was high for both catecholamines. Intraindividual consistency of the 24-hour pattern was high for adrenaline but low for noradrenaline. Cosine estimates of adrenaline phase showed a considerable intraindividual consistency while interindividual consistency was poor. Noradrenaline had poor cosine fit. (4) Sleep deprivation did not change catecholamine excretion either during the vigil or during recovery sleep. (5) It was concluded that adrenaline excretion, rated alertness, and body temperature exhibited self-sustained circadian rhythms which made adjustment to new sleep/wake patterns very difficult, and that the noradrenaline excretion rhythm depended on exogenous factors.


A hypodiploid clone and its duplicate in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Examination of the bone marrow of a 63-year-old man who had acute lymphoblastic leukemia revealed a population of cells with 32 chromosomes and another population with 64 chromosomes, the karyotypical exact duplicate of the first clone. The karyotypic evolution was studied and the findings compared with those described in two similar cases previously reported. It is postulated that severe hypodiploidy is associated with reduced capability of cellular survival, promoting a strong tendency for duplication.


Tn-polyagglutinability associated with acute myelomonocytic leukemia.

A case of Tn polyagglutinability in a patient with acute myelomonocytic leukemia is described. This represents the third report in which Tn polyagglutination has been associated with a leukemic state. Serologic recognition of Tn polyagglutination and probable causes are discussed. Known cases of Tn-polyagglutinability are reviewed.


A maximum likelihood map of chromosome 1.

Thirteen loci are mapped on chromosome 1 from genetic evidence. The maximum likelihood map presented permits confirmation that Scianna (SC) and a fourteenth locus, phenylketonuria (PKU), are on chromosome 1, although the location of the latter on the PGM1-AMY segment is uncertain. Eight other controversial genetic assignments are rejected, providing a practical demonstration of the resolution which maximum likelihood theory brings to mapping.


The frequency of private electrophoretic variants in Australian aborigines and indirect estimates of mutation rate.

The number of "private" electrophoretic variants of enzymes controlled by 25 loci has been used to obtain estimates of mutation rate in Australian Aborigines. Three different methods yield values of 6.11 X 10(-6), 2.78 X 10(-6), and 12.86 X 10(-6)/locus per generation for the total sample of Aborigines. One tribal population of Waljbiri in central Australia gives values of 2.99 X 10(-6) and 2.04 X 10(-6) for two of the methods, the third being unapplicable. The mean mutation rate for the total Aboriginal sample of 7.25 X 10(-6) is very similar to the value obtained by Neel and his colleagues for Amerindians in South America.


A gene for hypospadias in a child with presumed tetrasomy 18p.

The proband and his elder brother had intrauterine growth retardation, hypospadias, cryptorchism, a high palate, distally placed axial triradii, and a functional and maturational CNS defect that improved with age and included the inability to suck, severe swallowing difficulties, and frequent vomiting. Their hypospadias is due to an autosomal dominant gene. The proband also had a small extra metacentric chromosome presumed to be an isochromosome 18p.


Deletion mapping: further evidence for the location of acid phosphatase (ACP1) within 2p23.

The human red cell acid phosphatase (ACP1) locus was assigned to region 2p23 leads to 2pter by Ferguson-Smith et al [3], more specifically to 2p23 by Hamerton et al [5]. We describe two unrelated patients with deletion of chromosome 2, with similar breakpoints in the distal portion of band p23 (del(2) (p23)). ACP1 typing in both patients revealed heterozygous BA phenotypes. Thus, we assign the locus for ACP1 to the distal portion of 2p23.


Mandibular asymmetry and its relation to pain dysfunction.

Fifty-three subjects were examined for mandibular asymmetry using measurements from submental-vertex and frontal cephalograms. All subjects displayed malocclusions and were examined for sensitivity of the muscles of mastication to palpation. The amount of pretreatment pain to muscle palpation was then correlated to the degree of asymmetry found. No statistically significant correlation was shown between mandibular asymmetry and muscle sensitivity. The following conclusions were drawn from this study: 1. There was no correlation between the amount of mandibular morphologic asymmetry and the amount of facial pain elicited from muscle palpation. 2. In the sample used, asymmetry seemed to be the rule rather than the exception. 3. The clinician needs to be aware of asymmetry in all three planes of space in order to plan his occlusal treatment in advance and prepare patients for possible compromise. 4. Class II molar and canine relationships may be more difficult to correct on the patient's right side than on his left, provided there is no compensation from glenoid fossa position or the maxillary dentition.


Delata-9-tetrahydrocannabinol as an antiemetic in cancer patients receiving high-dose methotrexate. A prospective, randomized evaluation.

Fifteen patients with osteogenic sarcoma receiving high-dose methotrexate chemotherapy were studied in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral and smoked delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) as an antiemetic. Each patient served as his or her own control. Fourteen of 15 patients had a reduction in nausea and vomiting on THC as compared to placebo. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol was significantly more effective than placebo in reducing the number of vomiting and retching episodes, degree of nausea, duration of nausea, and volume of emesis (P less than 0.001). There was a 72% incidence of nausea and vomiting on placebo. When plasma THC concentrations measured less than 5.0 ng/mL, 5.0 to 10.0 ng/mL, and greater than 10.0 ng/mL, the incidences of nausea and vomiting were 44%, 21%, and 6%, respectively. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol appears to have significant antiemetic properties when compared with placebo in patients receiving high-dose methotrexate.


Primary osteogenic sarcoma of the heart.

The clinical course of a 17-year-old boy with primary osteogenic sarcoma of the left atrium with partial obstruction of the mitral valve and the right pulmonary veins is described. After operative removal of the tumor, echocardiography documented its rapid recurrence. Despite two subsequent open-heart operations and adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the patient died twenty-one months after the initial symptoms. Previous reports of such tumors are reviewed, and technical difficulties of removal are discussed.


Haematological investigation of a multiple case leucosis herd.

Adult cattle in a Queensland dairy herd with a history of deaths from lymphosarcoma were sampled regularly over a 4 year period for the identification of animals with persistent lymphocytosis (PL). Twenty-one of 94 animals that were sampled at least 6 times had PL. At the initial sampling 27% of the animals had lymphocytosis. Culling of haematologically positive animals in the first 18 months of the investigation reduced this to 5.3%, but cessation of the culling programme resulted in a gradual increase in the percentage of animals with lymphocytosis. Four deaths from lymphosarcoma occurred in adult animals, but only in the first 18 months of the investigation. Two of these animals had lymphocytosis and two lymphoblastic leukaemia. The calf of one of the latter cows developed lymphoblastic leukaemia and lymphosarcoma by the time it was 6 months of age. Although histological evidence of lymphosarcoma was lacking in a number of clinically normal animals with lymphocytosis, haematological investigation identified a group of animals within the herd that may develop lymphosarcoma.


Fetal heart rate monitoring during ambulant labour using a modified adult radiotelemetry system.

A commercially available adult radiotelemetry system has been adapted successfully to allow continuous fetal heart rate monitoring during labour in ambulant patients. The modifications necessary to the adult equipment and its routine use in a large maternity unit are described. High quality recordings were obtained from 90% of the patients studied, with minimal inconvenience to the patient. The telemetry system combined the benefits of intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring with those of ambulation during labour, decreasing the patient anxiety often associated with visible fetal monitoring.


Kielland-Barton-Laufe (K.B.L.) forceps with Luikart modification in the management of transverse and posterior positions of the fetal head.

Disadvantages of Kielland and Barton forceps are described. A trial of K.B.L. forceps was undertaken in transverse and posterior positions of the fetal head. It was concluded that these forceps are easier to apply than Kielland forceps. Rotation of the head is easier, and they are the equal of Kiellands as tractors, with the advantage of causing less marking of the fetal head than either Kielland or Barton forceps.


Control chart for urinary oestriol excretion during pregnancy.

Calculations to define the distribution of normal urinary oestriol excretion values during pregnancy are presented. The values had a normal distribution, uniform variance and increased linearly with time after logarithmic conversion. The variance could, therefore, be partitioned and a control chart constructed.


Placental sulphatase deficiency with spontaneous labour.

A case of placental sulphatase deficiency with spontaneous labour is reported. Ultrasound and antenatal cardiotocography were used to monitor fetal well-being.


Integrated concentrations of prolactin in breast-feeding mothers.

Mean 24-hour integrated concentrations of serum prolactin (PRL) in 8 breast-feeding mothers (62 +/- 10.4 microgram/l) was significantly higher than in 4 control subjects (14.8 +/- 3.3 microgram/l). No correlation was found between the mean integrated concentrations and time after delivery or breast-feeding status. There was no relationship between the mean integrated concentration of PRL or the basal PRL and the frequency of feedings, the total suckling time, the mean interval between feedings or the longest interval between feedings in the 24-hour period. The study provides conclusive evidence for increased prolactin secretion in long-term puerperal lactation.


A comparison of obstetric morbidity and management between clinic and private patients.

The patterns of morbidity and management among clinic and private patients in a teaching hospital were compared by an audit of computerized case records. The clinic patients were more likely to have a poor obstetric history and antenatal complications, and the private patients were managed more actively. Perinatal mortality in the clinic patients was higher and was related to the higher frequency of low birth weight babies.