Pl= -... - .. , '` . ..11...) ~...~ „a—mmetl4: . lfrA cZ/ed 6 .2 /9 (/) / / A1 G- estalfA iitivr Oa Lo nal Ai.vtit Our ding, OonfAitutit in anb IL asa34. No. 555.—V0L. XI. ON AGRICULTURE, 4-c. Sneech delivered ty the President of tle Workington Sxs•ty, .1. C. culiwnv, al the Distr;!):tixe thc Pre,ninins at the Annual on Fri.lay, Avg. 21,1818. The President with great animation eongratulated tl - :: Society on the getiorally improved state of the ccnntry since the last Inei7ig:—that agriculture, ma 7::,:factures, and commerce, were in a more prosperous camlition than during the preceling two years, were undoubteilly tree—bat whether they were likely to be permanently so, was a question of infinite import -3!..ce to every individual in the empire. All that clergy and ithility can etrect synl not he e wontin on the part of the people. That Great Britain poeaeased . assonledge earl capital beyond all other si stions, would ant be qtieation el ; hilt as a counterpoise, she was hardened with taxation ,La i le in minima to that of any oilier civilized stale in En rape. The aggregate of government taxes, divided among the whole population, eseerals 11. per head yearly ; flint eon. setrience of which is, that the neeeaseries of life here are higher in price than in :my territory on the continent. Many attributed the national improvement to the discontinuance of the property tax, the war tax nu malt, and a mitigation of the t.:xes ou atricultnral horses; little attention. however, is volutsite to perceive, that this is not the case—ler the pee l:out amount of the taxes, compared a ith the preseat actual a t;regate interne of the country, is as nearly as possible the s.cite. I)iii big the war the ior,nie of th- , violator WaS e•ii milted at 4'.0,039,0001.•—The taxes at one fifth ammo to er,(10).0:)01. sterling. The depreciation le the value of all tools of pro;•erty, which followed the conelusion of the war, striick off nee quarter part of the income of the people.— Thai ted11!t:01i ill labour, that great soul ce of the wealth of H iltons, tell from lea to I to millions—the land and the ,:e. ' mural commerce el t if conotry fell about 40 million.' mere— i off tat once 1 - millions; tilltS the proPai tion which i il.l the reecced axation ante to the income was the saisie. 'fate la:licence of the voice of the people on Parliament abolished the property tax; but hail it tailed, that oppressive tax could not in futtire has e hero collected. That the eel Imiltitre, the ussuitractores and commerce of the mlti). Nava revived, there Can be no question; tint au important waxt reale behind. Ilan prosperity genet:x:ly dif fused ii,ulf throngh all t auks and orders? Does the prier of labour hear a tine pi oportion in value to that at which the necessaries of life are held tap? Certainly not. And yet an iucrease to the labourers' wages Calillut, it is to be appre hended, tr.lae place, witliont hinging on the country, and the peat body t.:' the 'wreak', more grievant-4 stitleriegs then what they at present euthile. One third of British maitillautinee goes to the simply of iiireign *tales; the Inritishing of which tapenils malady ae.l entlrely on toe citeaptiess of labour ; the only meal's hy *Well we are enabled to compete with other comet, les. akdvanee taboos.. and the looms will cease to work! Can any country he said to he in a prosperous condi• ton when the working classes ate its a state of entfei ing ? Tee int i altiolice, exertion•, and capital of the conutty arc capahle of dais g tench ; but ttiey cannot effect impussiut lilies ; they will hate their oprt ati Se indolence with the agri ceiturist, the matalifact neer, the merchant, and "nee:ionic, in facilitatitag the general prosperity, but they cantata inoiledt. atety improse the - condition of the labouring classes. A 'e duction tit the expenalitn.a. of Geverument, which would pro gres•ively reduce the ',relent enermusts taxation. can alone restore the empire to a sound stave. 'it'c allificultira ere great, lint art. not physical imposeibilities—they et he 1111 . 1, 0i111.011 . 11, and emiliii;hed Tile voice ut the people is compe tent to the '44c—they waist lieliciiiil anti respected. Many, very many ale the 111eisSillgi of unr inimitable emistitntion I there is no one under I tor eon emiiparatile to it—but grievous' and insup;iortable is the weight 01. lie litirdens. The teat . - ;aerate, yet firm demands of the people, can aline lestlaiai. t tat sy-tens of wasteenl extravagance which has itiCieted %belt r : nerd' soli tine. 'rite true havoinetir of national ptatiprrity e...icis not in the splendoor of palaces, nor ean its plieWtamena Ilie.re ascertain tilt bailout..., oh the lower, or the propel ity or the middle ranks. A ten may Or in cony aftbseoce, hot the at toy arc radioing the gieetast privations. The Pro Aiilf tat took as oee.t.tiati to ray. that he lilt i: an imperious daily to atlievt to witat he -rived to be the real stile Of Ow e,ilialry. The ilanarr exists nit in exhibiting the r-ctual condition ut the eqiiille, but it helot; deceived by 11:4.1" toms repies.nieitisnis aad delusive hopes —it iv eel lainly more agreeable in &Mr by pa rttolia.,:enitititit, that) to Ming under review iliso2reeelile troth*. Diselaiti.l;ig 411 adeoc..cy o e , oc . ty. it iv.ii,t , re system which :be Presialeat repo otiateil—a tt,stein wti:eli aa Ministers, he CP y whom they Islay, were one. , id:ral to li.ere rt....00tt.r t.o, 11:1J :lost so go% ei it Iticir cosi enet units: the t eprenentation of the people remains as it is of present. 'fhb imports at die*, whence mat of the Italia •-al evils tits', must ever be deettired by sill good meta having a javl arose of their own sitiolienaute riAtit.„ eel lain it iv, t i it eta pa rell•MMlik ads matte 4 . 411 rectoe to the vottoti y till t.)e orikiii of 01l our pa:kneel evils be il;sotssitoottely coital tiered and itt el) . joie away. This basil! sesiew of the situation of the country (the Pit:laden% oliacr veil) hecaate inicriii4try for the purpose of ringing tinier ;011stilviali0 11 a 011111 Imile:truly comiecica - 0,01 el:: Ob i tits . t of this iwilitutitisi.— It is lilt .014.1:11 10 1.11 . 1i1.1: - ... :oe end xt oct an :he tatinla that ope4ttett so 31114111e11, a. , 'ai4lity,, du ogres win lining a ellatilo , au the gt orial stilt, of agricultare. li has been Conlelailtii :i.41 10.0 gii•At * c.ifitai "ad been empiayeat to hi:shawls) —0,41 41111 pl• lilletio11 31 : 14. ; e e dea th e eol p i aniiiiiin SillCC tile 5114v1ii all war 110.1 CC.1 , ....1. This opiittitit hail been rent este.l 1)) the presment, who had tifeen in the bititt.e ut Continutii, that it Was Itlr Sllll4llll and • Zi..11.11 04 via:let:en of the ci..t3:l.ittni cazdluia which laid MONDAY, SITTEMIIiIt 28, 1818. parrliztol ere, y etfart of the people, every operation of the state--the adoption of the hunk rest , ri , i i • ut i ti l !i , h . a e (l :4 a ll s i Liti p il i e nuli :t i u . i ii iinfitedinterGeet in every blanch of ia and laimur were soon doubted in value; for such was the no 1 , 1 unded confidence in paper currency, that banks nod bald( notes sprang tip like mushrooms over the whole empire ; which eirriabiliull. thollell Ot'ii4itAtill4 S secret ;111+1 :cycler:de d'seaso. WAS mistaken for some lime a, a eyeat tons of pi nape. rite. The moment a check Wll3 Rivets to !his system, the nation adopted a conduct in direct opposition to that which it had pm stiedfin the previous eighteen yoars —o ecedii),.: trout utdointided confidence, and adopting gc eclat distrust—pro. duce tell to pi ices that sr:wetly compereotted for the labour 1 of its production—the retftiction it: the si.dtit of fermidg stuck was equal to 50 or 6) millions—the come* ceased to be for price, but for a pnrcimser at :toy talc that aeld be obtained. The quantity at Wall:et was mistaken ft.r a silierahentlaat supply. 'fhe csperience of the last two years (observed theP•esi. dent ) has lamentably proved the fallacy of s a cs a sopposit too. The import:viola of corn in the year 1131:: was equal :t. it ntil.. lion Awl a halt of quart err--that of 1817 to I two analions and a half, the last six Intottlia creeter Orin any prec,- , tin; pet ;rid ()I' equal itnrition. Siuce the year 1/dO, with tlie ex( eptiout cf but one short interval, we have never censed to he dirge i n .. porters of 1701111. In the last two years and a half ste have paid to forrien countries hot if4l4 than ten millions for el wit and Run r. it has oft tit been contended thilf ail is wail if we pureita4e these a rtieles of food, by the expurAtion of mot non niatinfortines. lint how are the purcheiton of fund and the Lill CI'S Of eloilting and other inalittfaetures,llkcainistaneetiwiiii respect to each other? The fors, l er oa ts } perchase • th e latter tray take the goo la or not as it snits his iiktettest and eon s ,. nlence—these must lie elteaper or butter, Of he will resort to other markets—there is no leeirin ity lakiseen the pat lies. No country can Ire said to be in a state of sermity that d e . pendslaruely on ireigit supplies for the food et its eeeple. Hence it must be evident that there is no ample field fcr ay le:littlest exertions, for above a tweilth pat tof the Cull igan:ooS is still wantino. In most p..rts of the kinodore the system of I:rietiltere is capable of gum, improvement. It is an oferet of the highest national i.nportatiee to lessen the neet ssity of snrli large annual iniportatinus of corn snit Hour—ilostriaaise ant only of national wealth, but injet: ills to the so modal comfort of the labouring classes, who sutler greatly ...., rot frequeut It fluetuating prices tel blood. The most 1 ely, Yls-4014 of ac. calmslirbiog, in some degree, what it so desieohle in the ge. meal husbandry of the country, would be the introdnetion and extension of peen crops ira all parts of the empire. We, might then hope to see a emelt smaller pitoportion of the best lands in the kingdom applied to grazing. (321 a fair review of what may be deemed the probable average price of, wheat, there scents no likelihood twilit coact* g rown with ad. vantage on soils of inferior quality?".lthlitelki hot be thought prudent for any farimr to risk a crop of e beat, which in it tolerably good SCI3OII, was not likely to prodece le enty..t svo Winchester linsbels per acre. The corn bill has hat an importanee anti an oblorpty at. larked to it which it does not merit ; it neither has butane*, nor is it likely to prove. any protection to the goose's of grain. Tile ports have hitherto, and will in all probability, be generally open to importation. This measure was more calettlated to promote the views of Government, than the in terests of agrienitnie—the odium attending the Itill wa• im puted to the fanner and landholder—Government lent itself to the corn bill to serve its one it purposes— to be enabled to levy the taxes— to suet veil id which, the value ot land must be kept up. The poilry we ate attetnit'ing is, to reconcile cwitradictions, to keep up the settle of Intel and its products at a rate touch above that of every other nation, aid at the same time to be able to netletfaelitre for them. 'file attempt is not likely pi rinanently to sneered—it is ',either calculated to promote aorieultere, nor to support the manefacintes of Britain. in a short time we shaft lie compelled to ndopt a o ., ..tein of economy and reittiction in espeiebtfire—tiil these . }hilt meastit es ale resorted to, it %sill be vain to hope i s ,t oat the necessity foi the in " 11In the last sessions of Parliainent, otijects of great notional iTtlitottalice saute tinder discussion. The poor laws tesenpleil merit titivation. it is mod: to be regoibt led that a bill whit+ came ltd lire the House was, front tone to tiara'. sib altered as to prevent its passing into a law. 1 lie impoi twice ot the subject—the indispensable nece:i;ty of apply in 4 a remedy, saes unit ersolly . felt, in (Ind ont o'" Patti:motet i the prioelpal feature i't which most be, by wise tegulations, to pre ,rot 0 0- i verb, inetedeOf I ,l•,,,illir.gfor il. It iv int he hoped that at coin titclicenwto of etioris will be resit:tied in the next sessions on this most interesting sittilect. The es il is of *WI litilg slittlil• leo, and has berisose too inse!erate, to be eorreeteti by stee -1 mare proceenings.—time meat be allowed I o introditee hotel regolatioie , , Alin It. iill•iiiall the alntSet A !itch has , ot en suite tiustiol by more limo two centuries. Heavy as tie litir.ien of poor rates is in this eelinty, it is tight whet. eon:payed wills the asves•asetiti h: the Hooth, where the whole rural papal:A :ma is patiroised by the narrow, selfish, illiberal, and unwise practice of combining the wages of labour with the rates for the !mar : dila poiey has been adapted for the purpose of :risk intlilltillg the baclielot foto, the married Mail, coil has the lanietilame i ifect uf depriving the former of !lose Cat ri kitgi %stitch, by doe economy, world enable hint at a proper ' period, tO have made a Itt.)viiirr4 fur the main( 'Metter of a funtily, and the ersi..y (woo of that state us itielt is cetocroplated by all as the comuletion uf unman ImpeilleS4. I . llllv is tlir spirit mid indepewleiley, ss loch hint' the basis of our nia• eona l e i ett oet k o—on which our SAIIIIII4I 111'091.'61y tests, eat's, flezi ed. it, and suite afters% al ills entirely :test rt., ed. On the I reorrva Imu of individual titileveittleney Mid il el.(141 , 11 tiu - ptiVlsut.t * stipci 4,61) user every oilier eflitntry. T. dirt isti —to pees. rye those inestimable blissitto ought to he Or stliCly asset aim of (inset wort& -- How little ha•, those no flans to boast of Wail:Owl st.rittids or the sia L ii,jr, 0. c.,,11 , (.1j1,1;111111131!6 o Wlliell de-pent: yo fa: dal y tit sisfitticii? Puint th e t. r ,t session. 11t . Parlianit lit, an object of peat importance to the hot.haiiJry of tle• comitry was achieved, in Ilie rc,luctiou of duties nil 100: salt. as tear bit it regardr aeri eilltii:al porpoes. In the pieeedMg year the duty lowered to 101. a ten ; Litt the re...tilt-lions with which it Mesta rettrlTti, and It %%Inch alone it en n ui be obtained, prey( ni' d it being avaiialue. tons otAy wele all that vas sold limier the re:l:iced duty, Lye of whirls came to the sehru k ,e Farm. It i. now !Prince.] to five pounds a tun, ;Ind Coe in. convcrieut reNtrictinas c.: obtaining it done away. IN tea• portant..., to stock of all dear rip 11 , 111111 is lieyiuul wh.il luny be iu the goiel tont: taplation of those intel . csittil in the hu b . trrni t y of Ili: cottony, for tier: is well f100n.11 . 4 reason to believe the a.'vaietages rateable lit . being derived to the steel; afore by its genet al Me, VtOttill KIIIKOIIt to three raillirom annually. Tint cheep are rompitted set thirty millions. Now if any advantage at all by its use is derived, that advantage. cannot be rated,yearly, at INKS ibun sixpence per head in lien prevention of ili , aseae. and iu the improventeot of r a rentr and wool. This would amount to "d"M0.0001. Sex williucer and a hair of cattle benefited ley itr WM, br per In ad Kanually,vennldprodurel,ll2s,oool.; and ri tottliost anti a bi.lfol: horses, taken at tee. each, would givP 74.000ittore—oe an aggt.t.gate KUM in favour of its UV!. of 3,1v,ti,0091, Gre at as is this e.stiinate of ativantagt., and Mile us it was the contemplation of the Committee, it had its de•iir-ti effect and bock of S -les at th e . ehoo se : , ern snitch admird. The Itainhs and Ara l ll tt o, culled lot sale have been valued and sold a*. improved prices ; and experience recut has justified the °Hama i.e favour of the live of salt, which has born Oren in the pi °portion of (wet contra sret Ely per tinsel to each for out of 650 sheep and lambs taut one Las been lost chitin the last hie months.. sisal iidl grown cattle are given tear minces to e,d re; Toting stork fauna two to three ounces are fano.' sufficient. '1 lie i uaditi• ti of horses, sheep, and Cattle, bat given general satisfaction to the meeting. std mourn to tiioKO white Lad opportunities of daily witnessing their progressit e improvement. Willi respect to the application of salt to pit . vl.11 , 1‘1", it u•nkes lures jolt food atvailabk, and may possibly in many occasions he advantageously applied iu the st ac ki ng .if hay. The President here emlerseed the opportunity of rcco,e. ri5r.,,1;04 1119 n.r of Atilt in tilt• higlte).l terms, and ebllLirgly nirPred a 'Mr ply to the neiglitotii ing arm!. men dud fail i pri g . as !ie prir e oArti to heroine a considerable importer. fie then proeoetied to *tete the very gr/at.a , istartiont he had dee evr4 loom the report of the siewers—Mr.li it it», inn. of 11401- 1`1 . 0,4%. Mr. A,kiusnn , of ltassentlan tine, and Jorkson, of Chapel-lioose These genfleetern had officiated in the ;wile capacity 'nine years ;mu. Tile improvements already made, and the prospect of their exten•ion in all parts of the cogent are reposed I. these gentlemen .a intinitt . l! . to have ev.ieeel:,l their expectations. l'he inr rt.:l4P of greru crops is as tell 10 one of ll,:t Wert! Observed un their former intilectim)--1110 Allows nee taus+ impeor ed in cleanness, and the ceiterA at tmetion ssleech vteerecel to he paid to ever. , gepatly seerpasstd ellat had before been exhiltited, and was while a ivtierai 511411 of emulation ;w. peared to be Mtimed and rapidly spet - Ading throu;:lintit the counts . . Such merited encomium.' accompanying the impar tial represt orations of grate ...yarn so eminently goallfeed te distinguish and to petlao of the state of agrieultto», cuntiot Iwit he a.. biglt!y gratifying to the meeting , as it is lootlat.le• its the parties, v.lio are thus :nod Item tient Ity roi l . ( L a tin :: th e ir farms ; its aehttei.in to ohiele, %stele - n.l pet tuonsiv at-legating more than OW to %%Inch the ins. 0:e .. .0n is justly entitled, front its unwraiicti e‘ertion3, a soil t.t itoli • iJIIIIII of eougratal:nion may km indulged iii, foe emit W./ming to the happy eleango so leigl.ly creilitabk to in. di s id i mic, and ao beneficial to the meemetinity. Brest as ik the int portancv uf agrictiltaie--tottelt as it contributes to the Hap prospee ity, sad wealth of nations—it cannot perma nently Succeed and fie.nrish without 111 V assistance of ne...leer Nettie es and contancree. If, as it is said, one individual in ;agriculture is capable of raising Coed for six, two thirds of tier male poinalat Poi omen .seek tat ulytiunt in tither socatiose, Agrielaltu Mt ‘l , llOl l . etlly foe nestles the lease, but it is massulac !tiers awl CU,llliCree that must lithe the ipleittlid edifices of the empire. 'rite Board of Agriculture has thomslit it proper to give Feminists to the ditir rent Agricultural Societies to Ora it Mg slum, fur the best cultivated faros to their I cspectiva p distsicts. This mink of attention in the hoard has produced a vrr y spirited come:7'lton. The for innate claimant is the key. John iti ream, of St. Mien's, Mho Iran, by great perseverance. and admirable culture, made it very info iur had 511:1 hiehly productive, anti that vt it:t Ilie exes rise of sot 11 juti;:ment i t s ptuuuststo strike au stit.tyk tete' u. The compentoss fur lite Board's premium had great tut I it. Commettdosion cannot Ire too limply bestowed on the 1:irill of Air. Samuel Higgs, ti smut to the Lail of Lonsdale, :11 Abbey Town. Air. Ellis, of Gat Loolp, has, by his judicious and estrusiv e exists ment•, API an 4.ample ro Is.s neighbourhood of issfintie im port. nive,—aist , JU. Dykr e, M 11 , 1Nl • Spilifed Lave ate,' feet iced thy I cw.irds of this Society. 'flue SIJA brutigkr fur exhinition this year to the Sr Loos* farm arc fester in slumber than un former oecas.osts, had folly her II expected. The possessors of the lung-burned or native cattle know these is a strong po ejudice against thein, vet ;he short-horned cattle are not io sio:iitcs 3 fittflic:ent to pi miners emelt competition. The loist2„intessed buy,. this year o!li.ii:ied 1110 piell.i . 4lll, There are pad cattle of et et y. breed, but a prepll‘re•slon al Ilir S;:hcure taunt Itat taken place so f Vont of the 'holt-horned, from the itches al I stima. tion in Iv inch this stuck there is already hrd. N. 150 o f 11,, slrtrt l build Iteifets, hued at the St:IiOI,AV. have hero sold tit 1•I teineas smelt to be %sort to !Irian& The Pr esistrist ..,„„id d u e rodit to the Ayiteiti as u ell as to Illr el, of li.e sills ilea pin elixirs, Mr.lioprl, Polk, sou Kthl it stoutd etioratly v.ith in It tuting trill Ad I. t„,s,„ every toultre of the, coattlt! 1 Oor local oro•pcii,;) ;ice M iCt tb4t of !it taLti. Ihe maport.ince of our slots z