Multi-party Semi-quantum Secret Sharing Protocol based on Measure-flip
  and Reflect Operations
Semi-quantum secret sharing (SQSS) protocols serve as fundamental frameworks
in quantum secure multi-party computations, offering the advantage of not
requiring all users to possess intricate quantum devices. However, the current
landscape of SQSS protocols predominantly caters to bipartite scenarios,
rendering them inadequate for practical multi-party secret sharing
requirements. Addressing this gap, this paper proposes a novel SQSS protocol
based on multi-particle GHZ states. In this protocol, the quantum user
distributes predetermined secret information to multiple classical users with
limited quantum capabilities, necessitating collaborative efforts among all
classical users to reconstruct the correct secret information. By utilizing
measure-flip and reflect operations, the transmitted multi-particle GHZ states
can all contribute keys, thereby improving the utilization of transmitted
particles. Security analysis shows that the protocol's resilience against
prevalent external and internal threats. Additionally, employing IBM Qiskit, we
conduct quantum circuit simulations to validate the protocol's accuracy and
feasibility. Compared with similar studies, the proposed protocol has
advantages in terms of protocol scalability, qubit efficiency, and shared
message types.
Li Jian Chong-Qiang Ye