A Feasible Semi-quantum Private Comparison Based on Entanglement
  Swapping of Bell States
Semi-quantum private comparison (SQPC) enables two classical users with
limited quantum capabilities to compare confidential information using a
semi-honest third party (TP) with full quantum power. However, entanglement
swapping, as an important property of quantum mechanics in previously proposed
SQPC protocols is usually neglected. In this paper, we propose a feasible SQPC
protocol based on the entanglement swapping of Bell states, where two classical
users do not require additional implementation of the semi-quantum key
distribution protocol to ensure the security of their private data. Security
analysis shows that our protocol is resilient to both external and internal
attacks. To verify the feasibility and correctness of the proposed SQPC
protocol, we design and simulate the corresponding quantum circuits using IBM
Qiskit. Finally, we compare and discuss the proposed protocol with previous
similar work. The results reveal that our protocol maintains high qubit
efficiency, even when entanglement swapping is employed. Consequently, our
proposed approach showcases the potential applications of entanglement swapping
in the field of semi-quantum cryptography.
Chong-Qiang Ye Jian Li Xiu-Bo Chen Yanyan Hou