Simulating neutrino oscillations on a superconducting qutrit
Precise measurements of parameters in the PMNS framework might lead to new
physics beyond the Standard Model. However, they are incredibly challenging to
determine in neutrino oscillation experiments. Quantum simulations can be a
powerful supplementary tool to study these phenomenologies. In today's noisy
quantum hardware, encoding neutrinos in a multi-qubit system requires a
redundant basis and tricky entangling gates. We encode a three-flavor neutrino
in a superconducting qutrit and study its oscillations using PMNS theory with
time evolution expressed in terms of single qutrit gates. The qutrit is
engineered from the multi-level structure of IBM transmon devices.
High-fidelity gate control and readout are fine-tuned using programming
microwave pulses using a high-level language. Our quantum simulations on real
hardware match well to analytical calculations in three oscillation cases:
vacuum, interaction with matter, and CP-violation.
Ha C. Nguyen Bao G. Bach Tien D. Nguyen Duc M. Tran Duy V. Nguyen Hung Q. Nguyen