KeithHorgan/TweetClimateAnalysisData · Datasets at Hugging Face

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job which requires me to translate my Christian belief about stewardship of	0_0
It is really hard, especially in highly political settings, for any one individual to play the role of science arbiter or honest broker. This is due to the fact that there are often many views on what "the science" says (including uncertainties and areas of ignorance) or what the possible scope of action looks like. In addition, each of us has biases and idiosyncrasies which can make it difficult to see an issue from multiple perspectives. Even further, it is a rare policy issue where anyone knows everything of relevance.	5_1
The economic potential of unleashing America's energy resources is tremendous. To achieve these gains, Congress and the next Administration should:	0_0
The report also surveys how those few journalists who have looked at the issue have been reporting the standstill, with many far too ready to dismiss it or lacking a sense of journalistic inquiry, preferring to reports squabbles rather than the science.	0_0
Oh noes, global warming causes grizzly attacks . Add it to The List.	0_0
Note, too, that the American Lung Association suffers from a huge conflict of interest. The point of the "Red Carriage" ad campaign is to protect the EPA's authority to regulate under the Clean Air Act. Left unmentioned is the fact that the EPA is a major funder of the American Lung Association, having provided the charity more than $20 million over the last ten years. So the EPA pays the American Lung Association, which then lobbies against a bill that would lessen the EPA's power.	0_0
indications from models that there will be a greater frequency of heavy rain	0_0
Sudan has rejected a Canadian plan to send military advisors to the troubled Darfur region, saying Ottawa had not consulted Khartoum on its plan, the Sudanese embassy said on Friday. Canadian Prime Minister Paul Martin announced on Thursday a C$170 million ($136 million) aid package for Darfur, where thousands of people have been killed and two million displaced in a bloody civil war. Martin also said Canada would send up to 100 military experts to help a African Union force in the region. In a press release dated Thursday, the Sudanese embassy complained that Khartoum had not been consulted in advance about the plan. "(We) would like to affirm that the unwavering position of the Sudanese government ... is categorically rejecting (sic) any deployment of non-African military personnel in the Darfur region.	0_0
MR. ADLER: We have about five minutes for questions. I would ask people if they can to use the mike.	0_0
Chua et al . say they "found no consistent effect of elevated pCO 2 on fertilization, development, survivorship or metamorphosis, neither alone nor in combination with temperature." As for warming, they also say that it "had no consistent effect on fertilization, survivorship or metamorphosis." However, they observed that the two degrees of warming actually increased rates of development. And that is good news concerning the future of these organisms!	3_2
The results of this study indicate a significant warming bias is likely present in borehole temperature reconstructions based solely on a purely conductive approach.?? Unless accounted for and removed, this bias can result in incorrect interpretations of 20th-century warming, which, as in the case of Tachlovice, need not be a manifestation of unprecedented global warming, but, in the words of Bodri and Cermak, merely "a recovery to previous warmer conditions after a noted cold period." Reference	5_1
It?s far easier to play this out in reverse. Decide upon the desired conclusion and work backwards, concocting a hypothesis that somehow manages to use contradictory observations to bolster the foregone conclusion. This is the type of pretzel logic that global warming scientists use to convince us to, ?believe us, not your thermometer.?	0_0
Disastrous Computer Model Predictions: From Limits to Growth to Global Warming	5_1
Im sorry, but that is exactly how climate science is done these days.	0_0
Good Day For Berbatov To Send Fergie A Thank You Note	0_0
As their economies have deteriorated, Germany, Italy, Spain and other countries have pulled the plug on unsustainable wind and solar subsidies, eliminating thousands of "green" jobs and putting hundreds of "clean energy" companies on the verge of bankruptcy.	4_4
Gordon has written the following to explain his main graph, which appears just below:	0_0
on Tuesday, March 17th, 2015 at 5:14 pm and is filed under Uncategorized.	0_0
J. K. Rowling made international headlines this week by defending free speech in an address to the PEN Literary Gala in New York. She referenced the much-discussed public petition that was circulated at the end of last year calling for Donald Trump to be banned from entering the UK over "hate speech," arguing that someone like Trump should, if fact, have the right to say things she (and others) find bigoted or offensive:	0_0
I actually enjoyed Manns presentation, because it reminded me a bit of being in a final exam in university, where the goal is to spot the errors, omissions, and misleading statements. Manns presentation was full of such things. For example, he showed a graph of Arctic ice decline, during a segment on the many threads of evidence that proves the globe is warming. His graph stopped at 2007, at the lowest point in the record. He did not explain that the graph was for summer minimum extent, which I think it must have been. That cherry-picked endpoint made the graph take a dramatic downward trend, and was most impressive. And, very misleading because the minimum extent has stabilized and slightly increased since then.	5_2
Let us remind ourselves that the crude oil we recover from under our feet is neither foreign nor man-made, nor is it artificial. It is produced entirely by Mother Nature who occasionally spills it. Frequently spills it.	4_5
The Bush Administration at first wasgung-ho to make anendangerment finding. In his 2006 State of the Union Address,President Bushdeclared that America is addicted to oil .He set a goal of reducing U.S. oil imports 20% in 10 years, and by executive order directedEPA and the Departments of Energy, Transportation, and Agricultureto developrules increasingfederalfuel economy and renewable fuel standards.No law on the books explicitly authorizes EPA to revise the existing standards.No problem, said Bushs advisors, an endangerment finding would give EPA CAA authority to implementthe Presidents 20-in-10 program. The endangerment finding and associated regulations would alsosatisfy EPAsobligationsto the Courta twofer!	0_0
The Yale/George Mason University polls commit all these mistakes.	0_0
Extreme weather? The highest wind speed recorded at a low level site in England was 118mph, set in 1979 in Cornwall. Highest 24 hour rainfall? 279mm in Dorset, 1955. Highest 60 minute rainfall? 92mm, Berkshire in 1901. (The only record set in the last decade was the 2-day record for rainfall at Seathwaite.)	1_7
North American oil reserves (U.S., Canadian, and Mexican) total nearly 1.8 trillion barrels of recoverable oil.	0_0
Democrats, after supporting the trafficking bill in committee, started filibustering it in response to feminist groups' opposition to its limitation on federal funding of abortion even though such limits have been routinely passed for 39 years. When Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., responded by holding up the confirmation vote on attorney general nominee Loretta Lynch, Democrats agreed to a meaningless tweak in the language and the bill passed.	0_0
As papers continue to appear in the literature claiming that the climate models were right all along except that they were wrong, the widening of the divergence between excitable prediction and unalarming reality continues (Fig. 2).	5_1
"We cannot invade Sudan" . I'll allow the Monty Pythonesque absurdity of that disclaimer sink in for a moment...	0_0
US Democratic presidential nominee Senator Barack Obama (D-IL) and Senator Hillary Clinton (D-NY) wave to the crowd during a campaign rally in Orlando	0_0
I?m also very happy that Nigel Lawson ? as one of the very few ? criticizes the new indulgences, otherwise known as emissions permits. Most people like the fact that trading emissions permits sounds market-friendly and that it?s not just an administrative restriction or command, but they?re mistaken. Nigel Lawson correctly says this ?trading? has nothing to do with the market. ?It is essentially a government-controlled administrative rationing system, in which the rations can subsequently be traded? (p. 74). Communism again. Indeed it is a market for the owners of rations and for the various middlemen; for them it presents ?a lucrative and ? hopefully ? growing business opportunity.? It?s, of course, a certain form of taxation, but because governments don?t like to raise taxes, they disguise the introduction of these new taxes by replacing them with this, seemingly market-like, method.	0_0
Thousands Still Cold And Struggling Months After Superstorm Sandy	0_0
Thoroughly debunks the claim that temperatures on the planet today are in any way historic or unprecedented.	0_0
The Game. "The game is communicating climate change; the rules will help us win it," says an astounding, horrifying UK government-funded booklet leaked by Mr. FOIA titled, "The Rules of the Game: Evidence base for the Climate Change Communications Strategy." Written by the UK public relations firm Futerra for six UK agencies including The Carbon Trust for use by ethics and public relations tone-deaf scientists, "The Rules" teaches sophisticated behavior change tactics, including: "Climate change must be "front of mind' before persuasion works" "Link climate change mitigation to positive desires/aspirations" "Beware the impacts of cognitive dissonance" and "Use emotions and visuals" (e.g., scare people with the Hockey Stick Graph). It treats the public like gullible idiots who can be frightened and manipulated by seemingly trustworthy scientists to believe in AGW. For a long time, it worked.	5_2
The physical basis of their tampering appears to be the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere. The correlation between tampering and atmospheric CO2 is almost perfect.	5_2
Breitbart took a lot of unwarranted fake-news criticism toward the end of 2016. Contrary to that criticism, Breitbart supplies the biblical minimum ten righteous journalists so that Journalism could be spared divine destruction. For them, helmets were not just a fashion statement in 2016. Thank you for your brave efforts, which have my admiration.	0_0
Empirical evidence does not lend much support to the notion that climate is headed precipitately toward more extreme heat and drought. The drought of 1999 covered a smaller area than the 1988 drought, when the Mississippi almost dried up. And 1988 was a temporary inconvenience as compared with repeated droughts during the 1930s Dust Bowl that caused an exodus from the prairies, as chronicled in Steinbecks Grapes of Wrath..	1_7
Humans have been adapting to the climatethe weathersince they emerged as homo sapiens about 195,000 years ago.	0_0
And as a result, instead of having to explain a missing warming of 1.6 0.15 = 1.45 W/m2 per decade, we now have to add the 0.34 W/m2 to the missing warming, and that gets us up to 1.8 W/m2 in missing warming. So rather than explaining things, overall the IPCC explanation just makes things worse ...	0_0
1962 was the harshest winter on record in the UK, and was due to lack of CO2 and global cooling. A lot of parallels are being made for this winter, with some speculating that it may be as severe as the 1962 event.	1_3
Harvard University investigated and sanctioned Professor Marc Hauser for grossly exaggerating his primate research results. Yet, his actions pale by comparison to what Phil Jones, Michael Mann and other Climategate researchers engaged in. Hauser's grants were a drop in the bucket compared to the climate cabal's. And he was not advocating massive, expensive, punitive changes in our lives, liberties, and energy and economic systems. Will other institutions match Harvard's demand for integrity?	5_2
Also, Giualiani has pointed out, these things may be understood if you think about Obama's childhood. Barack Obama Sr came from a Muslim environment in Kenya. But the most influential mentor during Obama's childhood was Frank Marshall Davis, a top pundit in the Communist Party of the USA. As Giuliani correctly said elsewhere, these communist influences on Barack Obama were stronger than the traditional influences from the black community.	0_0
And a few days ago, for example, the initiative of Marco Pannella to try to present to the US Congress documented the lies and irresponsibility of the president to impose not already the fall of Saddam and democracy for lIraq, but his war against the truth and laws of their country.	0_0
It is not just the majority of Senators who have concerns about the EPA's proposed rule. A diverse and growing coalition, including the Exotic Wildlife Association, the Foundry Association of Michigan, California Cotton Growers Association, Texas Aggregates and Concrete Association, The Fertilizer Institute, Georgia Railroad Association, Nebraska Farm Bureau Federation, electric utilities and co-ops, and city and state Chambers of Commerce from coast-to-coast, has sprung up in opposition to the plan. Yet most people are unaware of the potential impacts or of the pending deadline for public comment.	0_0
The point does not require comparisons between fact and counter-factual speculation, nor moral relativism. The consequences of effecting regime change are well understood.	0_0
But while the diplomatic success traces to the Obamian style of U.S.	0_0
In 2008, Lewis Pugh tried to kayak to the North Pole from Spitzbergen. He made it about two miles before giving up, after he discovered that the ice-free North Pole was just NSIDC propaganda.	1_1
The historical record for U.S. landfalling hurricanes since about 1900 is pretty robust, and storm surge can be estimated fairly reliably using models in locations and periods where storm surge observations were lacking. Tide guage measurements at a limited number of locations (where it is impossible to separate out hurricane induced surges from other causes) are a very poor proxy for hurricane activity. Erroneous inferences from the tide guage measurements combined with dubious applications of climate models produces a faux storm surge hockey stick.	5_1
A well-educated friend of mine, a climate-change skeptic, once told me that he didnt believe anything coming out of the big computer models that scientists use to reason about the complex nonlinear feedbacks driving the Earths climate system. He has a point: Researchers are doing the best they can in the midst of great complication and uncertainty.	5_1
Now, you may be expecting me to argue that there is a lot of sea water and the net effect of trace CO2 in the atmosphere would not affect the pH much, especially since seawater starts pretty alkaline. And I probably could argue this, but there is a better argument and I am embarrassed that I never saw it before.	3_2
Cialdini, R.B. (1993): Influence: the psychology of persuasion, 2nd. rev. ed. William Morrow & Co., Inc., New York, 320 pp.	0_0
Now, with the Pacific cooling again, temperatures are starting down again. None of this has anything to do with atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. This particular combination of entirely natural ocean conditions is producing a change in the in the entire global weather system. While some who are unfamiliar with ocean influences attribute the Texas drought to global warming, the reality is exactly opposite. It's due to cooling of the Pacific that is causing a mid-level moisture drop. It actually directly contradicts the theory that so-called anthropogenic global warming is leading to drier conditions around the globe.	0_0
Big-Gas loves wind turbines. Wind farms are fickle and coal power can??t ramp up and down quickly to fill in the gaps, but the more expensive gas can. No wonder Shell are lobbying actively against coal, and for wind.	4_4
Dr. Roy W. Spencer is Principal Research Scientist at the University of Alabama Huntsville. He was formerly a Senior Scientist for Climate Studies at NASA. He co-developed the original satellite method for precise monitoring of global temperatures from Earth-orbiting satellites. He has provided congressional testimony on the subject of global warming. He recently wrote, The Great Global Warming Blunder: How Mother Nature Fooled the World's Top Climate Scientists. In 2008 he wrote The NY Times bestseller, Climate Confusion.	0_0
CFACT's team will feature Marc Morano, creator of CFACT's award-winning ClimateDepot.com, Lord Christopher Monckton, and CFACT president David Rothbard, executive director Craig Rucker, senior policy advisor Paul Driessen and our hard-working staff. Bios and photos are available at CFACT.tv.	0_0
Above: Danish Meteorological Institute Mean Temperature above 80N	0_0
Dr. Kharuk describes the tree on the right as living under the tyranny of colder climates of the past. It grew slowly: its form is twisted, its needles are sparse, the diameter is small, and it is not very tall. The younger tree has grown, he says, under the freedom of recent, milder climates. It is shooting up tall, straight, and full. It grows a relatively large amount each year, which results in a larger trunk diameter. (Photograph by Jon Ranson.)	3_2
Sanger describes the policy review as focusing on the question of "what it would take to reverse the momentum in Afghanistan and	0_0
So far this year there have been 1,651 record daily minimum temperatures recorded at all 862 US HCN stations continuously active since 1930, compared to 1,394 record maximums.	1_3
Watson said such claims should be based on hard evidence. Any such projection should be based on peer-reviewed literature from computer modelling of how agricultural yields would respond to climate change. I can see no such data supporting the IPCC report, he said.	5_1
As professors Gerlich and Tscheuschner have pointed out in their research paper, "Falsification of the Atmospheric CO2 Greenhouse Effects Within the Frame of Physics":	0_0
But the Medieval Warm Period was not so great for some humans in our own time the same small band that believes the planet has now entered an unprecedented and dangerous warm period. As we now know from the Climategate Emails, this band saw the Medieval Warm Period as an enormous obstacle in their mission of spreading the word about global warming. If temperatures were warmer 1,000 years ago than today, the Climategate Emails explain in detail, their message that we now live in the warmest of all possible times would be undermined. As put by one band member, a Briton named Folland at the Hadley Centre, a Medieval Warm Period "dilutes the message rather significantly."	5_2
"The last time many Californians thought about high-speed rail was in the voting booth. On that day, Nov. 4, 2008, more than 6 million of us voted to tell the state to get going, to build high-speed rail in California. "	0_0
BOM method finds more heatwaves in Antarctica than Marble Bar	0_0
But, of course, you think, were talking about radiation: what about long-term consequences? Unfortunately here the media reports are even less accurate.	0_0
Harrison Schmidt was the last man to walk on the moon and the first denier in this letter to the editor of the Brigham Young University student newspaper.	0_0
People across the world "are being battered by surging food prices that are dragging more people into poverty, fueling political tensions and forcing some to give up eating meat, fruit and even tomatoes," reports the Associated Press. High food prices are partly the result of "demand for crops to use in biofuels" like ethanol, which the government subsidizes.	4_1
We found that previous estimates of historical temperatures during the Roman era and the Middle Ages were too low, says Doctor Jan Esper of the Johannes Gutenberg-Universitt Mainz, one of the scientists leading the study. Such findings are also significant with regard to climate policy.	0_0
A new article in the Economist responds to the recent article in The New Republic , discussing the policy implications of the pause.	1_4
Its another unusually cold winter striking the continent. Last year, hundreds froze to death. The same occurred in the winter of 2010.	1_3
We are asked to believe that humans are drastically changing the earths climate by burning fossil fuels. The problem with their theory is very simple: It is NOT true.	2_3
As the CO 2 content of the atmosphere increases, perennial ryegrass will likely respond by exhibiting enhanced rates of photosynthesis and biomass production, even in nitrogen-poor soils, as has been empirically demonstrated by Hartwig et al ., (2002). Over the long haul, in fact, low-nitrogen soils should see much greater CO 2 -induced productivity increases than high-nitrogen soils. Reference	3_3
Congress should not move quickly to pass comprehensive climate change legislation	0_0
It was only in the late 1890s that there are greater than five stations of raw data. The first year there are more data points left in than removed is 1909 (5 against 4).	0_0
Abraham knew this, because I had said so in my talk. But he also knew that practically no one watching his 83-minute presentation would go to the lengths of looking up what I had actually said. He knew he could get away with a flagrant and deliberate misrepresentation provided that at all points he was careful never to consult me while planning and circulating his attack.	0_0
"Our parents love Facts, Not Fear! It is a parent-friendly resource offering practical tips for providing children with a common-sense approach to understanding and appreciating our environment."	0_0
These concerns may be part of the reason Democrats on the Hill backed off as soon as practical questions about the event were being raised. Unlike Inhofe, Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-KY, merely refused to let Reid's bill on Gore's concerts clear the Senate with "unanimous consent." According to The Hill, McConell wasn't necessarily opposed to hosting the concert at the Capitol, but "wanted more time for his side to look at the resolution." Reid soon backed off, and Gore announced that the concert would be in New Jersey. The fact that Reid and Gore didn't push harder suggests that they may never have wanted an actual concert on the Capitol grounds, but merely an issue to beat-up Republicans with.	0_0
Read here . Since the Climategate revelations, the IPCC has literally become the laughingstock of the science community. And more recently, they soiled their reputation even further by pre-announcing what they plan to tell policymakers in 2014. (Objective science? Fuh'get about it!)	5_2
But I personally don't expect Hadow to care about the safety of the airplanes much: he has already been evacuated from the North Pole in late May of 2003. Airplanes sometimes sink near the North Pole in May - and sometimes all the people are saved.	0_0
So the assertion that A (the earths surface) gets hotter by thermally exciting B (IR-reactive gases) is a meaningless statement. Since the 2nd law prohibits this, "radiative forcing" by IR-reactive gases is entirely a product of imagination, a complete reversal of cause and effect.	2_3
Hes like a delinquent schoolboy whos left a trail of destruction behind, culminating in burning down the school. And then hes all defiant, like: What? What did I do wrong?	0_0
The particular shame here is that if any issue could use more reasoned debate and less propaganda, it is the environmental one. An Inconvenient Truth not only makes the wrong argumentthat Al Gore can save the universebut does so poorly. I didn't stick around for all of the end credits, but I wouldn't be surprised to learn that the final line read: "Paid for by Citizens for Al Gore."	0_0
??? ExxonMobil CEO mocks renewable energy in shareholder speech ,?? the headline of Adam Lerner??s May 27th Politico article read. Lerner??s piecebegan: ???The CEO of one of the worlds largest oil companies downplayed the effects of climate change at his companys annual meeting Wednesday, telling shareholders his firm hadnt invested in renewable energy because ???We choose not to lose money on purpose.'??	4_4
Gas Rich Britain? The UK Geological Survey released a study of northern England that indicates that the Bowland shale basin may contain the largest amount of shale gas in the world, up to 1300 trillion cubic feet. Of course much more exploration is necessary to determine how much is economically recoverable. The discovery will cause great consternation among the no fossil fuels politicians. Please see links under Oil and Natural Gas the Future or the Past?	4_5
Die Zeit calls Morano the most aggressive member of a well-paid mercenary group who is leading a fight that is fueled by hundreds of millions of dollars. Zeit writes:	0_0
The timing of Chesapeake's Sierra Club funding is highly suspicious. From 2005-2007, Chesapeake Energy was the principal funder of an infamous anti-coal print ad campaign. The ads were all variations on a single theme: close-ups of coal-smeared faces next to the tagline "Face It: Coal Is Filthy." The most controversial of the ads depicted a young waifish girl with blue eyes. Chesapeake pulled the plug on the campaign in 2007, but only after Members of Congress from coal-heavy states objected to the gas industry's use of pseudo-public service announcements to try to win market share from the coal industry.	0_0
The irony of this episode is that it was not the scandalous cover-up the media portrayed it as; it was a tragedy of lost opportunity. Faced with a rich occasion to develop an honest dialogue about the complexities of the science and challenging economics of climate change, the White House chose silence. This administration, already subject to frequent partisan (and even some bipartisan) criticism on every aspect of its climate change policies, needs to articulate as clearly and as frequently as possible its understanding of this issuewhat we know, what we do not know, where the latest research is taking us, and how the president sees the issue.	0_0
Though the complex models say there is 0.6 C manmade warming in the pipeline even if we stop emitting greenhouse gases, the simple model confirmed by almost two decades without any significant global warming shows there is no committed but unrealized manmade warming still to come.	1_4
Mega-merger of the week; the Alliance for Climate Protection and The Climate Project were rolled into one entity . Both are Gore-founded propaganda mills designed to keep the climate hoax front and center while Big Al rakes in the cash. Al touted an article by Alliance for Climate Protection CEO Maggie Fox:	5_2
The Obama Administration and like-minded Green zealots have said repeatedly that they are waging a "war on coal," intend to bankrupt coal-based power plants, and delay or block oil, natural gas and nuclear projects while fast-tracking and subsidizing ethanol, wind and solar programs	0_0
The United Nations divides the world into two groups, less developed countries and more developed countries. The most surprising news comes from the poorer countries. In the late 1960's, these countries had an average fertility rate of 6.0 children per woman. Today it is 2.9and still falling. Huge and continuing declines have been seen in countries like Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Turkey and (of great importance to the United States) Mexico.	0_0
But those 2,500 scientists hardly represented a consensus. First, they only helped assemble the 95 U.N. report on global warming; they didnt pass judgment on it. And few of those 2,500 scientists actually worked on the one part of the report that linked human activity to global warming -the executive summary. In fact, many of those same scientists are skeptics.	0_0
Another billion plus down the drain. I guess it wasnt sustainable.	0_0
Having read extensively on Podesta and his policies, if I was giving the speech today, I'd have to start with: "Be afraid. Be very afraid."	0_0
The head of the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change, Yvo de Boer, has admitted that the principle behind the Kyoto Protocol is "illogical." He noted that the idea that developed countries must tackle their own emissions expensively while developing nations continue to emit without restriction did not make sense and that it would be cheaper for the world if developed nations paid developing nations not to emit on their behalf.	0_0
US long-term energy security may hang in the balance. Most economists believe that a healthy export market would also serve to stabilize domestic prices and supply. With natural gas so cheap and plentiful, and with margins so thin or even nonexistent, most companies are losing money even as supplies increase. Consequently, few companies are exploring for new reserves. That's led to concerns that volatile, downward-sloping prices could abort the natural gas boom that experts say currently delivers a $100 billion yearly jolt to the American economy. Exports, the reports contend, rather than slowing the benefits of the boom, could actually increase them and put the natural gas market, in the US and worldwide, on a more sustainable footing.	0_0
For the foreseeable future, people will be wealthierand their well-being higherthan is the case for present generations both in the developed and developing worlds and with or without climate change. The well-being of future inhabitants in todays developing world would exceed that of the inhabitants of todays developed world under all but the poorest scenario. Future generations should, moreover, have greater access to human capital and technology to address whatever problems they might face, including climate change. Hence the argument that we should shift resources from dealing with the real and urgent problems confronting present generations to solving potential problems of tomorrows wealthier and better positioned generations is unpersuasive at best and verging on immoral at worst.	4_2
Hundreds of articles this week in the press about the melting Arctic, where sea ice has melted from 9.5 million km^2 up to 10.5 million km^2 since the start of the year.	1_1
"We seriously underestimated the difficulty of getting reductions and overestimated the payoff from new technologies," said a senior official working on climate change. Nevertheless, last month the Canadian federal budget allocated $1 billion more to support new environmental technologies. Ottawa is also offering the one ton challenge, in which it calls on individual Canadians to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions by one ton. (Toronto Star, April 5 and 6).	0_0
Whether is consistent with the change that would be expected in response to human activities is dependent upon what assumptions one makes about the time history of atmospheric concentrations of the various forcing agents, particularly aerosols.	0_0
(2) Substitution of "actual-to-future potential" for "actual-to-future-actual" in the rules for measuring changes in emissions	0_0

job which requires me to translate my Christian belief about stewardship of

0_0

It is really hard, especially in highly political settings, for any one individual to play the role of science arbiter or honest broker. This is due to the fact that there are often many views on what "the science" says (including uncertainties and areas of ignorance) or what the possible scope of action looks like. In addition, each of us has biases and idiosyncrasies which can make it difficult to see an issue from multiple perspectives. Even further, it is a rare policy issue where anyone knows everything of relevance.

5_1

The economic potential of unleashing America's energy resources is tremendous. To achieve these gains, Congress and the next Administration should:

0_0

The report also surveys how those few journalists who have looked at the issue have been reporting the standstill, with many far too ready to dismiss it or lacking a sense of journalistic inquiry, preferring to reports squabbles rather than the science.

0_0

Oh noes, global warming causes grizzly attacks . Add it to The List.

0_0

Note, too, that the American Lung Association suffers from a huge conflict of interest. The point of the "Red Carriage" ad campaign is to protect the EPA's authority to regulate under the Clean Air Act. Left unmentioned is the fact that the EPA is a major funder of the American Lung Association, having provided the charity more than $20 million over the last ten years. So the EPA pays the American Lung Association, which then lobbies against a bill that would lessen the EPA's power.

0_0

indications from models that there will be a greater frequency of heavy rain

0_0

Sudan has rejected a Canadian plan to send military advisors to the troubled Darfur region, saying Ottawa had not consulted Khartoum on its plan, the Sudanese embassy said on Friday. Canadian Prime Minister Paul Martin announced on Thursday a C$170 million ($136 million) aid package for Darfur, where thousands of people have been killed and two million displaced in a bloody civil war. Martin also said Canada would send up to 100 military experts to help a African Union force in the region. In a press release dated Thursday, the Sudanese embassy complained that Khartoum had not been consulted in advance about the plan. "(We) would like to affirm that the unwavering position of the Sudanese government ... is categorically rejecting (sic) any deployment of non-African military personnel in the Darfur region.

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MR. ADLER: We have about five minutes for questions. I would ask people if they can to use the mike.

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Chua et al . say they "found no consistent effect of elevated pCO 2 on fertilization, development, survivorship or metamorphosis, neither alone nor in combination with temperature." As for warming, they also say that it "had no consistent effect on fertilization, survivorship or metamorphosis." However, they observed that the two degrees of warming actually increased rates of development. And that is good news concerning the future of these organisms!

3_2

The results of this study indicate a significant warming bias is likely present in borehole temperature reconstructions based solely on a purely conductive approach.?? Unless accounted for and removed, this bias can result in incorrect interpretations of 20th-century warming, which, as in the case of Tachlovice, need not be a manifestation of unprecedented global warming, but, in the words of Bodri and Cermak, merely "a recovery to previous warmer conditions after a noted cold period." Reference

5_1

It?s far easier to play this out in reverse. Decide upon the desired conclusion and work backwards, concocting a hypothesis that somehow manages to use contradictory observations to bolster the foregone conclusion. This is the type of pretzel logic that global warming scientists use to convince us to, ?believe us, not your thermometer.?

0_0

Disastrous Computer Model Predictions: From Limits to Growth to Global Warming

5_1

Im sorry, but that is exactly how climate science is done these days.

0_0

Good Day For Berbatov To Send Fergie A Thank You Note

0_0

As their economies have deteriorated, Germany, Italy, Spain and other countries have pulled the plug on unsustainable wind and solar subsidies, eliminating thousands of "green" jobs and putting hundreds of "clean energy" companies on the verge of bankruptcy.

4_4

Gordon has written the following to explain his main graph, which appears just below:

0_0

on Tuesday, March 17th, 2015 at 5:14 pm and is filed under Uncategorized.

0_0

J. K. Rowling made international headlines this week by defending free speech in an address to the PEN Literary Gala in New York. She referenced the much-discussed public petition that was circulated at the end of last year calling for Donald Trump to be banned from entering the UK over "hate speech," arguing that someone like Trump should, if fact, have the right to say things she (and others) find bigoted or offensive:

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I actually enjoyed Manns presentation, because it reminded me a bit of being in a final exam in university, where the goal is to spot the errors, omissions, and misleading statements. Manns presentation was full of such things. For example, he showed a graph of Arctic ice decline, during a segment on the many threads of evidence that proves the globe is warming. His graph stopped at 2007, at the lowest point in the record. He did not explain that the graph was for summer minimum extent, which I think it must have been. That cherry-picked endpoint made the graph take a dramatic downward trend, and was most impressive. And, very misleading because the minimum extent has stabilized and slightly increased since then.

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Let us remind ourselves that the crude oil we recover from under our feet is neither foreign nor man-made, nor is it artificial. It is produced entirely by Mother Nature who occasionally spills it. Frequently spills it.

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The Bush Administration at first wasgung-ho to make anendangerment finding. In his 2006 State of the Union Address,President Bushdeclared that America is addicted to oil .He set a goal of reducing U.S. oil imports 20% in 10 years, and by executive order directedEPA and the Departments of Energy, Transportation, and Agricultureto developrules increasingfederalfuel economy and renewable fuel standards.No law on the books explicitly authorizes EPA to revise the existing standards.No problem, said Bushs advisors, an endangerment finding would give EPA CAA authority to implementthe Presidents 20-in-10 program. The endangerment finding and associated regulations would alsosatisfy EPAsobligationsto the Courta twofer!

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The Yale/George Mason University polls commit all these mistakes.

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Extreme weather? The highest wind speed recorded at a low level site in England was 118mph, set in 1979 in Cornwall. Highest 24 hour rainfall? 279mm in Dorset, 1955. Highest 60 minute rainfall? 92mm, Berkshire in 1901. (The only record set in the last decade was the 2-day record for rainfall at Seathwaite.)

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North American oil reserves (U.S., Canadian, and Mexican) total nearly 1.8 trillion barrels of recoverable oil.

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Democrats, after supporting the trafficking bill in committee, started filibustering it in response to feminist groups' opposition to its limitation on federal funding of abortion even though such limits have been routinely passed for 39 years. When Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., responded by holding up the confirmation vote on attorney general nominee Loretta Lynch, Democrats agreed to a meaningless tweak in the language and the bill passed.

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As papers continue to appear in the literature claiming that the climate models were right all along except that they were wrong, the widening of the divergence between excitable prediction and unalarming reality continues (Fig. 2).

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"We cannot invade Sudan" . I'll allow the Monty Pythonesque absurdity of that disclaimer sink in for a moment...

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US Democratic presidential nominee Senator Barack Obama (D-IL) and Senator Hillary Clinton (D-NY) wave to the crowd during a campaign rally in Orlando

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I?m also very happy that Nigel Lawson ? as one of the very few ? criticizes the new indulgences, otherwise known as emissions permits. Most people like the fact that trading emissions permits sounds market-friendly and that it?s not just an administrative restriction or command, but they?re mistaken. Nigel Lawson correctly says this ?trading? has nothing to do with the market. ?It is essentially a government-controlled administrative rationing system, in which the rations can subsequently be traded? (p. 74). Communism again. Indeed it is a market for the owners of rations and for the various middlemen; for them it presents ?a lucrative and ? hopefully ? growing business opportunity.? It?s, of course, a certain form of taxation, but because governments don?t like to raise taxes, they disguise the introduction of these new taxes by replacing them with this, seemingly market-like, method.

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Thousands Still Cold And Struggling Months After Superstorm Sandy

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Thoroughly debunks the claim that temperatures on the planet today are in any way historic or unprecedented.

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The Game. "The game is communicating climate change; the rules will help us win it," says an astounding, horrifying UK government-funded booklet leaked by Mr. FOIA titled, "The Rules of the Game: Evidence base for the Climate Change Communications Strategy." Written by the UK public relations firm Futerra for six UK agencies including The Carbon Trust for use by ethics and public relations tone-deaf scientists, "The Rules" teaches sophisticated behavior change tactics, including: "Climate change must be "front of mind' before persuasion works" "Link climate change mitigation to positive desires/aspirations" "Beware the impacts of cognitive dissonance" and "Use emotions and visuals" (e.g., scare people with the Hockey Stick Graph). It treats the public like gullible idiots who can be frightened and manipulated by seemingly trustworthy scientists to believe in AGW. For a long time, it worked.

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The physical basis of their tampering appears to be the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere. The correlation between tampering and atmospheric CO2 is almost perfect.

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Breitbart took a lot of unwarranted fake-news criticism toward the end of 2016. Contrary to that criticism, Breitbart supplies the biblical minimum ten righteous journalists so that Journalism could be spared divine destruction. For them, helmets were not just a fashion statement in 2016. Thank you for your brave efforts, which have my admiration.

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Empirical evidence does not lend much support to the notion that climate is headed precipitately toward more extreme heat and drought. The drought of 1999 covered a smaller area than the 1988 drought, when the Mississippi almost dried up. And 1988 was a temporary inconvenience as compared with repeated droughts during the 1930s Dust Bowl that caused an exodus from the prairies, as chronicled in Steinbecks Grapes of Wrath..

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Humans have been adapting to the climatethe weathersince they emerged as homo sapiens about 195,000 years ago.

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And as a result, instead of having to explain a missing warming of 1.6 0.15 = 1.45 W/m2 per decade, we now have to add the 0.34 W/m2 to the missing warming, and that gets us up to 1.8 W/m2 in missing warming. So rather than explaining things, overall the IPCC explanation just makes things worse ...

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1962 was the harshest winter on record in the UK, and was due to lack of CO2 and global cooling. A lot of parallels are being made for this winter, with some speculating that it may be as severe as the 1962 event.

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Harvard University investigated and sanctioned Professor Marc Hauser for grossly exaggerating his primate research results. Yet, his actions pale by comparison to what Phil Jones, Michael Mann and other Climategate researchers engaged in. Hauser's grants were a drop in the bucket compared to the climate cabal's. And he was not advocating massive, expensive, punitive changes in our lives, liberties, and energy and economic systems. Will other institutions match Harvard's demand for integrity?

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Also, Giualiani has pointed out, these things may be understood if you think about Obama's childhood. Barack Obama Sr came from a Muslim environment in Kenya. But the most influential mentor during Obama's childhood was Frank Marshall Davis, a top pundit in the Communist Party of the USA. As Giuliani correctly said elsewhere, these communist influences on Barack Obama were stronger than the traditional influences from the black community.

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And a few days ago, for example, the initiative of Marco Pannella to try to present to the US Congress documented the lies and irresponsibility of the president to impose not already the fall of Saddam and democracy for lIraq, but his war against the truth and laws of their country.

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It is not just the majority of Senators who have concerns about the EPA's proposed rule. A diverse and growing coalition, including the Exotic Wildlife Association, the Foundry Association of Michigan, California Cotton Growers Association, Texas Aggregates and Concrete Association, The Fertilizer Institute, Georgia Railroad Association, Nebraska Farm Bureau Federation, electric utilities and co-ops, and city and state Chambers of Commerce from coast-to-coast, has sprung up in opposition to the plan. Yet most people are unaware of the potential impacts or of the pending deadline for public comment.

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The point does not require comparisons between fact and counter-factual speculation, nor moral relativism. The consequences of effecting regime change are well understood.

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But while the diplomatic success traces to the Obamian style of U.S.

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In 2008, Lewis Pugh tried to kayak to the North Pole from Spitzbergen. He made it about two miles before giving up, after he discovered that the ice-free North Pole was just NSIDC propaganda.

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The historical record for U.S. landfalling hurricanes since about 1900 is pretty robust, and storm surge can be estimated fairly reliably using models in locations and periods where storm surge observations were lacking. Tide guage measurements at a limited number of locations (where it is impossible to separate out hurricane induced surges from other causes) are a very poor proxy for hurricane activity. Erroneous inferences from the tide guage measurements combined with dubious applications of climate models produces a faux storm surge hockey stick.

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A well-educated friend of mine, a climate-change skeptic, once told me that he didnt believe anything coming out of the big computer models that scientists use to reason about the complex nonlinear feedbacks driving the Earths climate system. He has a point: Researchers are doing the best they can in the midst of great complication and uncertainty.

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Now, you may be expecting me to argue that there is a lot of sea water and the net effect of trace CO2 in the atmosphere would not affect the pH much, especially since seawater starts pretty alkaline. And I probably could argue this, but there is a better argument and I am embarrassed that I never saw it before.

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Cialdini, R.B. (1993): Influence: the psychology of persuasion, 2nd. rev. ed. William Morrow & Co., Inc., New York, 320 pp.

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Now, with the Pacific cooling again, temperatures are starting down again. None of this has anything to do with atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. This particular combination of entirely natural ocean conditions is producing a change in the in the entire global weather system. While some who are unfamiliar with ocean influences attribute the Texas drought to global warming, the reality is exactly opposite. It's due to cooling of the Pacific that is causing a mid-level moisture drop. It actually directly contradicts the theory that so-called anthropogenic global warming is leading to drier conditions around the globe.

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Big-Gas loves wind turbines. Wind farms are fickle and coal power can??t ramp up and down quickly to fill in the gaps, but the more expensive gas can. No wonder Shell are lobbying actively against coal, and for wind.

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Dr. Roy W. Spencer is Principal Research Scientist at the University of Alabama Huntsville. He was formerly a Senior Scientist for Climate Studies at NASA. He co-developed the original satellite method for precise monitoring of global temperatures from Earth-orbiting satellites. He has provided congressional testimony on the subject of global warming. He recently wrote, The Great Global Warming Blunder: How Mother Nature Fooled the World's Top Climate Scientists. In 2008 he wrote The NY Times bestseller, Climate Confusion.

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CFACT's team will feature Marc Morano, creator of CFACT's award-winning ClimateDepot.com, Lord Christopher Monckton, and CFACT president David Rothbard, executive director Craig Rucker, senior policy advisor Paul Driessen and our hard-working staff. Bios and photos are available at CFACT.tv.

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Above: Danish Meteorological Institute Mean Temperature above 80N

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Dr. Kharuk describes the tree on the right as living under the tyranny of colder climates of the past. It grew slowly: its form is twisted, its needles are sparse, the diameter is small, and it is not very tall. The younger tree has grown, he says, under the freedom of recent, milder climates. It is shooting up tall, straight, and full. It grows a relatively large amount each year, which results in a larger trunk diameter. (Photograph by Jon Ranson.)

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Sanger describes the policy review as focusing on the question of "what it would take to reverse the momentum in Afghanistan and

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So far this year there have been 1,651 record daily minimum temperatures recorded at all 862 US HCN stations continuously active since 1930, compared to 1,394 record maximums.

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Watson said such claims should be based on hard evidence. Any such projection should be based on peer-reviewed literature from computer modelling of how agricultural yields would respond to climate change. I can see no such data supporting the IPCC report, he said.

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As professors Gerlich and Tscheuschner have pointed out in their research paper, "Falsification of the Atmospheric CO2 Greenhouse Effects Within the Frame of Physics":

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But the Medieval Warm Period was not so great for some humans in our own time the same small band that believes the planet has now entered an unprecedented and dangerous warm period. As we now know from the Climategate Emails, this band saw the Medieval Warm Period as an enormous obstacle in their mission of spreading the word about global warming. If temperatures were warmer 1,000 years ago than today, the Climategate Emails explain in detail, their message that we now live in the warmest of all possible times would be undermined. As put by one band member, a Briton named Folland at the Hadley Centre, a Medieval Warm Period "dilutes the message rather significantly."

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"The last time many Californians thought about high-speed rail was in the voting booth. On that day, Nov. 4, 2008, more than 6 million of us voted to tell the state to get going, to build high-speed rail in California. "

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BOM method finds more heatwaves in Antarctica than Marble Bar

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But, of course, you think, were talking about radiation: what about long-term consequences? Unfortunately here the media reports are even less accurate.

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Harrison Schmidt was the last man to walk on the moon and the first denier in this letter to the editor of the Brigham Young University student newspaper.

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People across the world "are being battered by surging food prices that are dragging more people into poverty, fueling political tensions and forcing some to give up eating meat, fruit and even tomatoes," reports the Associated Press. High food prices are partly the result of "demand for crops to use in biofuels" like ethanol, which the government subsidizes.

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We found that previous estimates of historical temperatures during the Roman era and the Middle Ages were too low, says Doctor Jan Esper of the Johannes Gutenberg-Universitt Mainz, one of the scientists leading the study. Such findings are also significant with regard to climate policy.

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A new article in the Economist responds to the recent article in The New Republic , discussing the policy implications of the pause.

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Its another unusually cold winter striking the continent. Last year, hundreds froze to death. The same occurred in the winter of 2010.

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We are asked to believe that humans are drastically changing the earths climate by burning fossil fuels. The problem with their theory is very simple: It is NOT true.

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As the CO 2 content of the atmosphere increases, perennial ryegrass will likely respond by exhibiting enhanced rates of photosynthesis and biomass production, even in nitrogen-poor soils, as has been empirically demonstrated by Hartwig et al ., (2002). Over the long haul, in fact, low-nitrogen soils should see much greater CO 2 -induced productivity increases than high-nitrogen soils. Reference

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Congress should not move quickly to pass comprehensive climate change legislation

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It was only in the late 1890s that there are greater than five stations of raw data. The first year there are more data points left in than removed is 1909 (5 against 4).

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Abraham knew this, because I had said so in my talk. But he also knew that practically no one watching his 83-minute presentation would go to the lengths of looking up what I had actually said. He knew he could get away with a flagrant and deliberate misrepresentation provided that at all points he was careful never to consult me while planning and circulating his attack.

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"Our parents love Facts, Not Fear! It is a parent-friendly resource offering practical tips for providing children with a common-sense approach to understanding and appreciating our environment."

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These concerns may be part of the reason Democrats on the Hill backed off as soon as practical questions about the event were being raised. Unlike Inhofe, Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-KY, merely refused to let Reid's bill on Gore's concerts clear the Senate with "unanimous consent." According to The Hill, McConell wasn't necessarily opposed to hosting the concert at the Capitol, but "wanted more time for his side to look at the resolution." Reid soon backed off, and Gore announced that the concert would be in New Jersey. The fact that Reid and Gore didn't push harder suggests that they may never have wanted an actual concert on the Capitol grounds, but merely an issue to beat-up Republicans with.

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Read here . Since the Climategate revelations, the IPCC has literally become the laughingstock of the science community. And more recently, they soiled their reputation even further by pre-announcing what they plan to tell policymakers in 2014. (Objective science? Fuh'get about it!)

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But I personally don't expect Hadow to care about the safety of the airplanes much: he has already been evacuated from the North Pole in late May of 2003. Airplanes sometimes sink near the North Pole in May - and sometimes all the people are saved.

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So the assertion that A (the earths surface) gets hotter by thermally exciting B (IR-reactive gases) is a meaningless statement. Since the 2nd law prohibits this, "radiative forcing" by IR-reactive gases is entirely a product of imagination, a complete reversal of cause and effect.

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Hes like a delinquent schoolboy whos left a trail of destruction behind, culminating in burning down the school. And then hes all defiant, like: What? What did I do wrong?

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The particular shame here is that if any issue could use more reasoned debate and less propaganda, it is the environmental one. An Inconvenient Truth not only makes the wrong argumentthat Al Gore can save the universebut does so poorly. I didn't stick around for all of the end credits, but I wouldn't be surprised to learn that the final line read: "Paid for by Citizens for Al Gore."

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??? ExxonMobil CEO mocks renewable energy in shareholder speech ,?? the headline of Adam Lerner??s May 27th Politico article read. Lerner??s piecebegan: ???The CEO of one of the worlds largest oil companies downplayed the effects of climate change at his companys annual meeting Wednesday, telling shareholders his firm hadnt invested in renewable energy because ???We choose not to lose money on purpose.'??

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Gas Rich Britain? The UK Geological Survey released a study of northern England that indicates that the Bowland shale basin may contain the largest amount of shale gas in the world, up to 1300 trillion cubic feet. Of course much more exploration is necessary to determine how much is economically recoverable. The discovery will cause great consternation among the no fossil fuels politicians. Please see links under Oil and Natural Gas the Future or the Past?

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Die Zeit calls Morano the most aggressive member of a well-paid mercenary group who is leading a fight that is fueled by hundreds of millions of dollars. Zeit writes:

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The timing of Chesapeake's Sierra Club funding is highly suspicious. From 2005-2007, Chesapeake Energy was the principal funder of an infamous anti-coal print ad campaign. The ads were all variations on a single theme: close-ups of coal-smeared faces next to the tagline "Face It: Coal Is Filthy." The most controversial of the ads depicted a young waifish girl with blue eyes. Chesapeake pulled the plug on the campaign in 2007, but only after Members of Congress from coal-heavy states objected to the gas industry's use of pseudo-public service announcements to try to win market share from the coal industry.

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The irony of this episode is that it was not the scandalous cover-up the media portrayed it as; it was a tragedy of lost opportunity. Faced with a rich occasion to develop an honest dialogue about the complexities of the science and challenging economics of climate change, the White House chose silence. This administration, already subject to frequent partisan (and even some bipartisan) criticism on every aspect of its climate change policies, needs to articulate as clearly and as frequently as possible its understanding of this issuewhat we know, what we do not know, where the latest research is taking us, and how the president sees the issue.

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Though the complex models say there is 0.6 C manmade warming in the pipeline even if we stop emitting greenhouse gases, the simple model confirmed by almost two decades without any significant global warming shows there is no committed but unrealized manmade warming still to come.

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Mega-merger of the week; the Alliance for Climate Protection and The Climate Project were rolled into one entity . Both are Gore-founded propaganda mills designed to keep the climate hoax front and center while Big Al rakes in the cash. Al touted an article by Alliance for Climate Protection CEO Maggie Fox:

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The Obama Administration and like-minded Green zealots have said repeatedly that they are waging a "war on coal," intend to bankrupt coal-based power plants, and delay or block oil, natural gas and nuclear projects while fast-tracking and subsidizing ethanol, wind and solar programs

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The United Nations divides the world into two groups, less developed countries and more developed countries. The most surprising news comes from the poorer countries. In the late 1960's, these countries had an average fertility rate of 6.0 children per woman. Today it is 2.9and still falling. Huge and continuing declines have been seen in countries like Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Turkey and (of great importance to the United States) Mexico.

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But those 2,500 scientists hardly represented a consensus. First, they only helped assemble the 95 U.N. report on global warming; they didnt pass judgment on it. And few of those 2,500 scientists actually worked on the one part of the report that linked human activity to global warming -the executive summary. In fact, many of those same scientists are skeptics.

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Another billion plus down the drain. I guess it wasnt sustainable.

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Having read extensively on Podesta and his policies, if I was giving the speech today, I'd have to start with: "Be afraid. Be very afraid."

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The head of the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change, Yvo de Boer, has admitted that the principle behind the Kyoto Protocol is "illogical." He noted that the idea that developed countries must tackle their own emissions expensively while developing nations continue to emit without restriction did not make sense and that it would be cheaper for the world if developed nations paid developing nations not to emit on their behalf.

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US long-term energy security may hang in the balance. Most economists believe that a healthy export market would also serve to stabilize domestic prices and supply. With natural gas so cheap and plentiful, and with margins so thin or even nonexistent, most companies are losing money even as supplies increase. Consequently, few companies are exploring for new reserves. That's led to concerns that volatile, downward-sloping prices could abort the natural gas boom that experts say currently delivers a $100 billion yearly jolt to the American economy. Exports, the reports contend, rather than slowing the benefits of the boom, could actually increase them and put the natural gas market, in the US and worldwide, on a more sustainable footing.

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For the foreseeable future, people will be wealthierand their well-being higherthan is the case for present generations both in the developed and developing worlds and with or without climate change. The well-being of future inhabitants in todays developing world would exceed that of the inhabitants of todays developed world under all but the poorest scenario. Future generations should, moreover, have greater access to human capital and technology to address whatever problems they might face, including climate change. Hence the argument that we should shift resources from dealing with the real and urgent problems confronting present generations to solving potential problems of tomorrows wealthier and better positioned generations is unpersuasive at best and verging on immoral at worst.

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Hundreds of articles this week in the press about the melting Arctic, where sea ice has melted from 9.5 million km^2 up to 10.5 million km^2 since the start of the year.

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"We seriously underestimated the difficulty of getting reductions and overestimated the payoff from new technologies," said a senior official working on climate change. Nevertheless, last month the Canadian federal budget allocated $1 billion more to support new environmental technologies. Ottawa is also offering the one ton challenge, in which it calls on individual Canadians to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions by one ton. (Toronto Star, April 5 and 6).

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Whether is consistent with the change that would be expected in response to human activities is dependent upon what assumptions one makes about the time history of atmospheric concentrations of the various forcing agents, particularly aerosols.

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(2) Substitution of "actual-to-future potential" for "actual-to-future-actual" in the rules for measuring changes in emissions

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