Ensure that the named user is present with the specified privileges
    Please note that the user/group notion in postgresql is just abstract, we
    have roles, where users can be seens as roles with the LOGIN privilege
    and groups the others.

    name
        The name of the system user to manage.

    createdb
        Is the user allowed to create databases?

    createroles
        Is the user allowed to create other users?

    encrypted
        Should the password be encrypted in the system catalog?

    login
        Should the group have login perm

    inherit
        Should the group inherit permissions

    superuser
        Should the new user be a "superuser"

    replication
        Should the new user be allowed to initiate streaming replication

    password
        The system user's password. It can be either a plain string or a
        md5 postgresql hashed password::

            'md5{MD5OF({password}{role}}'

        If encrypted is None or True, the password will be automatically
        encrypted to the previous
        format if it is not already done.

    default_password
        The password used only when creating the user, unless password is set.

        .. versionadded:: 2016.3.0

    refresh_password
        Password refresh flag

        Boolean attribute to specify whether to password comparison check
        should be performed.

        If refresh_password is ``True``, the password will be automatically
        updated without extra password change check.

        This behaviour makes it possible to execute in environments without
        superuser access available, e.g. Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL

    valid_until
        A date and time after which the role's password is no longer valid.

    groups
        A string of comma separated groups the user should be in

    user
        System user all operations should be performed on behalf of

        .. versionadded:: 0.17.0

    db_user
        Postgres database username, if different from config or default.

    db_password
        Postgres user's password, if any password, for a specified db_user.

    db_host
        Postgres database host, if different from config or default.

    db_port
        Postgres database port, if different from config or default.

def present(name,
            createdb=None,
            createroles=None,
            encrypted=None,
            superuser=None,
            replication=None,
            inherit=None,
            login=None,
            password=None,
            default_password=None,
            refresh_password=None,
            valid_until=None,
            groups=None,
            user=None,
            maintenance_db=None,
            db_password=None,
            db_host=None,
            db_port=None,
            db_user=None):
    '''
    Ensure that the named user is present with the specified privileges
    Please note that the user/group notion in postgresql is just abstract, we
    have roles, where users can be seens as roles with the LOGIN privilege
    and groups the others.

    name
        The name of the system user to manage.

    createdb
        Is the user allowed to create databases?

    createroles
        Is the user allowed to create other users?

    encrypted
        Should the password be encrypted in the system catalog?

    login
        Should the group have login perm

    inherit
        Should the group inherit permissions

    superuser
        Should the new user be a "superuser"

    replication
        Should the new user be allowed to initiate streaming replication

    password
        The system user's password. It can be either a plain string or a
        md5 postgresql hashed password::

            'md5{MD5OF({password}{role}}'

        If encrypted is None or True, the password will be automatically
        encrypted to the previous
        format if it is not already done.

    default_password
        The password used only when creating the user, unless password is set.

        .. versionadded:: 2016.3.0

    refresh_password
        Password refresh flag

        Boolean attribute to specify whether to password comparison check
        should be performed.

        If refresh_password is ``True``, the password will be automatically
        updated without extra password change check.

        This behaviour makes it possible to execute in environments without
        superuser access available, e.g. Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL

    valid_until
        A date and time after which the role's password is no longer valid.

    groups
        A string of comma separated groups the user should be in

    user
        System user all operations should be performed on behalf of

        .. versionadded:: 0.17.0

    db_user
        Postgres database username, if different from config or default.

    db_password
        Postgres user's password, if any password, for a specified db_user.

    db_host
        Postgres database host, if different from config or default.

    db_port
        Postgres database port, if different from config or default.
    '''
    ret = {'name': name,
           'changes': {},
           'result': True,
           'comment': 'User {0} is already present'.format(name)}

    # default to encrypted passwords
    if encrypted is not False:
        encrypted = postgres._DEFAULT_PASSWORDS_ENCRYPTION
    # maybe encrypt if it's not already and necessary
    password = postgres._maybe_encrypt_password(name,
                                                password,
                                                encrypted=encrypted)

    if default_password is not None:
        default_password = postgres._maybe_encrypt_password(name,
                                                            default_password,
                                                            encrypted=encrypted)

    db_args = {
        'maintenance_db': maintenance_db,
        'runas': user,
        'host': db_host,
        'user': db_user,
        'port': db_port,
        'password': db_password,
    }

    # check if user exists
    mode = 'create'
    user_attr = __salt__['postgres.role_get'](
        name, return_password=not refresh_password, **db_args)
    if user_attr is not None:
        mode = 'update'

    cret = None
    update = {}
    if mode == 'update':
        user_groups = user_attr.get('groups', [])
        if (
            createdb is not None
            and user_attr['can create databases'] != createdb
        ):
            update['createdb'] = createdb
        if (
            inherit is not None
            and user_attr['inherits privileges'] != inherit
        ):
            update['inherit'] = inherit
        if login is not None and user_attr['can login'] != login:
            update['login'] = login
        if (
            createroles is not None
            and user_attr['can create roles'] != createroles
        ):
            update['createroles'] = createroles
        if (
            replication is not None
            and user_attr['replication'] != replication
        ):
            update['replication'] = replication
        if superuser is not None and user_attr['superuser'] != superuser:
            update['superuser'] = superuser
        if password is not None and (refresh_password or user_attr['password'] != password):
            update['password'] = True
        if valid_until is not None:
            valid_until_dt = __salt__['postgres.psql_query'](
                'SELECT \'{0}\'::timestamp(0) as dt;'.format(
                    valid_until.replace('\'', '\'\'')),
                **db_args)[0]['dt']
            try:
                valid_until_dt = datetime.datetime.strptime(
                    valid_until_dt, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
            except ValueError:
                valid_until_dt = None
            if valid_until_dt != user_attr['expiry time']:
                update['valid_until'] = valid_until
        if groups is not None:
            lgroups = groups
            if isinstance(groups, (six.string_types, six.text_type)):
                lgroups = lgroups.split(',')
            if isinstance(lgroups, list):
                missing_groups = [a for a in lgroups if a not in user_groups]
                if missing_groups:
                    update['groups'] = missing_groups

    if mode == 'create' and password is None:
        password = default_password

    if mode == 'create' or (mode == 'update' and update):
        if __opts__['test']:
            if update:
                ret['changes'][name] = update
            ret['result'] = None
            ret['comment'] = 'User {0} is set to be {1}d'.format(name, mode)
            return ret
        cret = __salt__['postgres.user_{0}'.format(mode)](
            username=name,
            createdb=createdb,
            createroles=createroles,
            encrypted=encrypted,
            superuser=superuser,
            login=login,
            inherit=inherit,
            replication=replication,
            rolepassword=password,
            valid_until=valid_until,
            groups=groups,
            **db_args)
    else:
        cret = None

    if cret:
        ret['comment'] = 'The user {0} has been {1}d'.format(name, mode)
        if update:
            ret['changes'][name] = update
        else:
            ret['changes'][name] = 'Present'
    elif cret is not None:
        ret['comment'] = 'Failed to create user {0}'.format(name)
        ret['result'] = False
    else:
        ret['result'] = True

    return ret