user1309: I'm trying to fix arduino uno r3 that was burned-out.
I changed m16u2 chip on it. and now I need burn in:  Arduino-COMBINED-dfu-usbserial-atmega16u2-Uno-Rev3.hex
I'm using stk500v2 and connecting it to isp of arduino. Output log file of avrdude:
C:\>avrdude -c stk500v2 -P COM4 -p m16u2 -U flash:w:1.hex -vvvv

avrdude: Version 6.1, compiled on Mar 13 2014 at 00:09:49
         Copyright (c) 2000-2005 Brian Dean, http://www.bdmicro.com/
         Copyright (c) 2007-2014 Joerg Wunsch

         System wide configuration file is "C:\WinAVR-20100110\bin\avrdude.conf"


         Using Port                    : COM4
         Using Programmer              : stk500v2
avrdude: Send: . [1b] . [01] . [00] . [01] . [0e] . [01] . [14]
avrdude: Recv: . [1b]
avrdude: Recv: . [01]
avrdude: Recv: . [00]
avrdude: Recv: . [0b]
avrdude: Recv: . [0e]
avrdude: Recv: . [01]
avrdude: Recv: . [00]
avrdude: Recv: . [08]
avrdude: Recv: A [41]
avrdude: Recv: V [56]
avrdude: Recv: R [52]
avrdude: Recv: I [49]
avrdude: Recv: S [53]
avrdude: Recv: P [50]
avrdude: Recv: _ [5f]
avrdude: Recv: 2 [32]
avrdude: Recv: t [74]
avrdude: stk500v2_getsync(): found AVRISP programmer
         AVR Part                      : ATmega16U2
         Chip Erase delay              : 9000 us
         PAGEL                         : PD7
         BS2                           : PC6
         RESET disposition             : possible i/o
         RETRY pulse                   : SCK
         serial program mode           : yes
         parallel program mode         : yes
         Timeout                       : 200
         StabDelay                     : 100
         CmdexeDelay                   : 25
         SyncLoops                     : 32
         ByteDelay                     : 0
         PollIndex                     : 3
         PollValue                     : 0x53
         Memory Detail                 :

                                  Block Poll               Page
      Polled
           Memory Type Mode Delay Size  Indx Paged  Size   Size #Pages MinW  Max
W   ReadBack
           ----------- ---- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ---- ------ ----- ---
-- ---------
           eeprom        65    20     4    0 no        512    4    128  9000  90
00 0x00 0x00
                                  Block Poll               Page
      Polled
           Memory Type Mode Delay Size  Indx Paged  Size   Size #Pages MinW  Max
W   ReadBack
           ----------- ---- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ---- ------ ----- ---
-- ---------
           flash         65     6   128    0 yes     16384  128    128  4500  45
00 0x00 0x00
                                  Block Poll               Page
      Polled
           Memory Type Mode Delay Size  Indx Paged  Size   Size #Pages MinW  Max
W   ReadBack
           ----------- ---- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ---- ------ ----- ---
-- ---------
           lfuse          0     0     0    0 no          1    0      0  9000  90
00 0x00 0x00
                                  Block Poll               Page
      Polled
           Memory Type Mode Delay Size  Indx Paged  Size   Size #Pages MinW  Max
W   ReadBack
           ----------- ---- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ---- ------ ----- ---
-- ---------
           hfuse          0     0     0    0 no          1    0      0  9000  90
00 0x00 0x00
                                  Block Poll               Page
      Polled
           Memory Type Mode Delay Size  Indx Paged  Size   Size #Pages MinW  Max
W   ReadBack
           ----------- ---- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ---- ------ ----- ---
-- ---------
           efuse          0     0     0    0 no          1    0      0  9000  90
00 0x00 0x00
                                  Block Poll               Page
      Polled
           Memory Type Mode Delay Size  Indx Paged  Size   Size #Pages MinW  Max
W   ReadBack
           ----------- ---- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ---- ------ ----- ---
-- ---------
           lock           0     0     0    0 no          1    0      0  9000  90
00 0x00 0x00
                                  Block Poll               Page
      Polled
           Memory Type Mode Delay Size  Indx Paged  Size   Size #Pages MinW  Max
W   ReadBack
           ----------- ---- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ---- ------ ----- ---
-- ---------
           calibration    0     0     0    0 no          1    0      0     0
 0 0x00 0x00
                                  Block Poll               Page
      Polled
           Memory Type Mode Delay Size  Indx Paged  Size   Size #Pages MinW  Max
W   ReadBack
           ----------- ---- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ---- ------ ----- ---
-- ---------
           signature      0     0     0    0 no          3    0      0     0
 0 0x00 0x00

         Programmer Type : STK500V2
         Description     : Atmel STK500 Version 2.x firmware
         Programmer Model: AVRISP
avrdude: Send: . [1b] . [02] . [00] . [02] . [0e] . [03] . [90] . [86]
avrdude: Recv: . [1b]
avrdude: Recv: . [02]
avrdude: Recv: . [00]
avrdude: Recv: . [03]
avrdude: Recv: . [0e]
avrdude: Recv: . [03]
avrdude: Recv: . [00]
avrdude: Recv: . [02]
avrdude: Recv: . [15]
avrdude: Send: . [1b] . [03] . [00] . [02] . [0e] . [03] . [91] . [86]
avrdude: Recv: . [1b]
avrdude: Recv: . [03]
avrdude: Recv: . [00]
avrdude: Recv: . [03]
avrdude: Recv: . [0e]
avrdude: Recv: . [03]
avrdude: Recv: . [00]
avrdude: Recv: . [02]
avrdude: Recv: . [14]
avrdude: Send: . [1b] . [04] . [00] . [02] . [0e] . [03] . [92] . [82]
avrdude: Recv: . [1b]
avrdude: Recv: . [04]
avrdude: Recv: . [00]
avrdude: Recv: . [03]
avrdude: Recv: . [0e]
avrdude: Recv: . [03]
avrdude: Recv: . [00]
avrdude: Recv: . [0a]
avrdude: Recv: . [1b]
         Hardware Version: 2
         Firmware Version Master : 2.10
avrdude: Send: . [1b] . [05] . [00] . [02] . [0e] . [03] . [94] . [85]
avrdude: Recv: . [1b]
avrdude: Recv: . [05]
avrdude: Recv: . [00]
avrdude: Recv: . [03]
avrdude: Recv: . [0e]
avrdude: Recv: . [03]
avrdude: Recv: . [00]
avrdude: Recv: U [55]
avrdude: Recv: E [45]
         Vtarget         : 8.5 V
         SCK period      : 0.1 us

avrdude: Send: . [1b] . [06] . [00] . [0c] . [0e] . [10] . [c8] d [64] . [19]
[20] . [00] S [53] . [03] . [ac] S [53] . [00] . [00] 5 [35]
avrdude: Recv: . [1b]
avrdude: Recv: . [06]
avrdude: Recv: . [00]
avrdude: Recv: . [02]
avrdude: Recv: . [0e]
avrdude: Recv: . [10]
avrdude: Recv: . [c0]
avrdude: Recv: . [c1]
avrdude: stk500v2_command(): command failed
avrdude: initialization failed, rc=-1
         Double check connections and try again, or use -F to override
         this check.

    avrdude: Send: . [1b] . [07] . [00] . [03] . [0e] . [11] . [01] . [01] . [00]
    avrdude: Recv: . [1b]
    avrdude: Recv: . [07]
    avrdude: Recv: . [00]
    avrdude: Recv: . [02]
    avrdude: Recv: . [0e]
    avrdude: Recv: . [11]
    avrdude: Recv: . [00]
    avrdude: Recv: . [01]

    avrdude done.  Thank you.

My question is what block with error does? can it be I shorted due soldering? or maybe burned chip? any issues? how I can check?
ps. programmer works perfect. checked!

user353: Here’s a decoding of the crucial pair of messages exchanged here. Protocol is documented on Atmel’s site.
Your machine sends:
[1b]                              Beginning of message
[06]                              Message sequence number
[00] [0c]                         Message body length (big endian)
[0e]                              Beginning of message body
[10]                              Command: CMD_ENTER_PROGMODE_ISP 
[c8] [64] [19] [20] [00]          Various programming parameters
[53]                              Response value to look for
[03]                              Response index 
[ac] [53] [00] [00]               Enter programming mode command
[35]                              Checksum

This causes the programmer to send the 4 bytes 0xAC 0x53 0x00 0x00 to the MCU, and look for the value 0x53 in the third of the 4 response bytes, as specified on page 260 of the data sheet. However, the programmer answers:
[1b]                              Beginning of message
[06]                              Sequence number (matches message previously sent)
[00] [02]                         Response body length
[0e]                              Beginning of response body
[10]                              Command: CMD_ENTER_PROGMODE_ISP (Matches message)
[c0]                              STATUS_CMD_FAILED (This is the error message)
[c1]                              Checksum

That means that tyne very first command sent to the microcontroller “failed” (most likely by not returning the expected answer byte).

1309: <p>I'm trying to fix arduino uno r3 that was burned-out.
I changed m16u2 chip on it. and now I need burn in:  <code>Arduino-COMBINED-dfu-usbserial-atmega16u2-Uno-Rev3.hex</code>
I'm using stk500v2 and connecting it to isp of arduino. Output log file of avrdude:</p>

<pre><code>C:\&gt;avrdude -c stk500v2 -P COM4 -p m16u2 -U flash:w:1.hex -vvvv

avrdude: Version 6.1, compiled on Mar 13 2014 at 00:09:49
         Copyright (c) 2000-2005 Brian Dean, http://www.bdmicro.com/
         Copyright (c) 2007-2014 Joerg Wunsch

         System wide configuration file is "C:\WinAVR-20100110\bin\avrdude.conf"


         Using Port                    : COM4
         Using Programmer              : stk500v2
avrdude: Send: . [1b] . [01] . [00] . [01] . [0e] . [01] . [14]
avrdude: Recv: . [1b]
avrdude: Recv: . [01]
avrdude: Recv: . [00]
avrdude: Recv: . [0b]
avrdude: Recv: . [0e]
avrdude: Recv: . [01]
avrdude: Recv: . [00]
avrdude: Recv: . [08]
avrdude: Recv: A [41]
avrdude: Recv: V [56]
avrdude: Recv: R [52]
avrdude: Recv: I [49]
avrdude: Recv: S [53]
avrdude: Recv: P [50]
avrdude: Recv: _ [5f]
avrdude: Recv: 2 [32]
avrdude: Recv: t [74]
avrdude: stk500v2_getsync(): found AVRISP programmer
         AVR Part                      : ATmega16U2
         Chip Erase delay              : 9000 us
         PAGEL                         : PD7
         BS2                           : PC6
         RESET disposition             : possible i/o
         RETRY pulse                   : SCK
         serial program mode           : yes
         parallel program mode         : yes
         Timeout                       : 200
         StabDelay                     : 100
         CmdexeDelay                   : 25
         SyncLoops                     : 32
         ByteDelay                     : 0
         PollIndex                     : 3
         PollValue                     : 0x53
         Memory Detail                 :

                                  Block Poll               Page
      Polled
           Memory Type Mode Delay Size  Indx Paged  Size   Size #Pages MinW  Max
W   ReadBack
           ----------- ---- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ---- ------ ----- ---
-- ---------
           eeprom        65    20     4    0 no        512    4    128  9000  90
00 0x00 0x00
                                  Block Poll               Page
      Polled
           Memory Type Mode Delay Size  Indx Paged  Size   Size #Pages MinW  Max
W   ReadBack
           ----------- ---- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ---- ------ ----- ---
-- ---------
           flash         65     6   128    0 yes     16384  128    128  4500  45
00 0x00 0x00
                                  Block Poll               Page
      Polled
           Memory Type Mode Delay Size  Indx Paged  Size   Size #Pages MinW  Max
W   ReadBack
           ----------- ---- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ---- ------ ----- ---
-- ---------
           lfuse          0     0     0    0 no          1    0      0  9000  90
00 0x00 0x00
                                  Block Poll               Page
      Polled
           Memory Type Mode Delay Size  Indx Paged  Size   Size #Pages MinW  Max
W   ReadBack
           ----------- ---- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ---- ------ ----- ---
-- ---------
           hfuse          0     0     0    0 no          1    0      0  9000  90
00 0x00 0x00
                                  Block Poll               Page
      Polled
           Memory Type Mode Delay Size  Indx Paged  Size   Size #Pages MinW  Max
W   ReadBack
           ----------- ---- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ---- ------ ----- ---
-- ---------
           efuse          0     0     0    0 no          1    0      0  9000  90
00 0x00 0x00
                                  Block Poll               Page
      Polled
           Memory Type Mode Delay Size  Indx Paged  Size   Size #Pages MinW  Max
W   ReadBack
           ----------- ---- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ---- ------ ----- ---
-- ---------
           lock           0     0     0    0 no          1    0      0  9000  90
00 0x00 0x00
                                  Block Poll               Page
      Polled
           Memory Type Mode Delay Size  Indx Paged  Size   Size #Pages MinW  Max
W   ReadBack
           ----------- ---- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ---- ------ ----- ---
-- ---------
           calibration    0     0     0    0 no          1    0      0     0
 0 0x00 0x00
                                  Block Poll               Page
      Polled
           Memory Type Mode Delay Size  Indx Paged  Size   Size #Pages MinW  Max
W   ReadBack
           ----------- ---- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ---- ------ ----- ---
-- ---------
           signature      0     0     0    0 no          3    0      0     0
 0 0x00 0x00

         Programmer Type : STK500V2
         Description     : Atmel STK500 Version 2.x firmware
         Programmer Model: AVRISP
avrdude: Send: . [1b] . [02] . [00] . [02] . [0e] . [03] . [90] . [86]
avrdude: Recv: . [1b]
avrdude: Recv: . [02]
avrdude: Recv: . [00]
avrdude: Recv: . [03]
avrdude: Recv: . [0e]
avrdude: Recv: . [03]
avrdude: Recv: . [00]
avrdude: Recv: . [02]
avrdude: Recv: . [15]
avrdude: Send: . [1b] . [03] . [00] . [02] . [0e] . [03] . [91] . [86]
avrdude: Recv: . [1b]
avrdude: Recv: . [03]
avrdude: Recv: . [00]
avrdude: Recv: . [03]
avrdude: Recv: . [0e]
avrdude: Recv: . [03]
avrdude: Recv: . [00]
avrdude: Recv: . [02]
avrdude: Recv: . [14]
avrdude: Send: . [1b] . [04] . [00] . [02] . [0e] . [03] . [92] . [82]
avrdude: Recv: . [1b]
avrdude: Recv: . [04]
avrdude: Recv: . [00]
avrdude: Recv: . [03]
avrdude: Recv: . [0e]
avrdude: Recv: . [03]
avrdude: Recv: . [00]
avrdude: Recv: . [0a]
avrdude: Recv: . [1b]
         Hardware Version: 2
         Firmware Version Master : 2.10
avrdude: Send: . [1b] . [05] . [00] . [02] . [0e] . [03] . [94] . [85]
avrdude: Recv: . [1b]
avrdude: Recv: . [05]
avrdude: Recv: . [00]
avrdude: Recv: . [03]
avrdude: Recv: . [0e]
avrdude: Recv: . [03]
avrdude: Recv: . [00]
avrdude: Recv: U [55]
avrdude: Recv: E [45]
         Vtarget         : 8.5 V
         SCK period      : 0.1 us

avrdude: Send: . [1b] . [06] . [00] . [0c] . [0e] . [10] . [c8] d [64] . [19]
[20] . [00] S [53] . [03] . [ac] S [53] . [00] . [00] 5 [35]
avrdude: Recv: . [1b]
avrdude: Recv: . [06]
avrdude: Recv: . [00]
avrdude: Recv: . [02]
avrdude: Recv: . [0e]
avrdude: Recv: . [10]
avrdude: Recv: . [c0]
avrdude: Recv: . [c1]
avrdude: stk500v2_command(): command failed
avrdude: initialization failed, rc=-1
         Double check connections and try again, or use -F to override
         this check.

    avrdude: Send: . [1b] . [07] . [00] . [03] . [0e] . [11] . [01] . [01] . [00]
    avrdude: Recv: . [1b]
    avrdude: Recv: . [07]
    avrdude: Recv: . [00]
    avrdude: Recv: . [02]
    avrdude: Recv: . [0e]
    avrdude: Recv: . [11]
    avrdude: Recv: . [00]
    avrdude: Recv: . [01]

    avrdude done.  Thank you.
</code></pre>

<p>My question is what block with error does? can it be I shorted due soldering? or maybe burned chip? any issues? how I can check?</p>

<p>ps. programmer works perfect. checked!</p>
 353: <p>Here’s a decoding of the crucial pair of messages exchanged here. Protocol is documented <a href="http://www.atmel.com/Images/doc2591.pdf" rel="nofollow">on Atmel’s site</a>.</p>

<p>Your machine sends:</p>

<pre><code>[1b]                              Beginning of message
[06]                              Message sequence number
[00] [0c]                         Message body length (big endian)
[0e]                              Beginning of message body
[10]                              Command: CMD_ENTER_PROGMODE_ISP 
[c8] [64] [19] [20] [00]          Various programming parameters
[53]                              Response value to look for
[03]                              Response index 
[ac] [53] [00] [00]               Enter programming mode command
[35]                              Checksum
</code></pre>

<p>This causes the programmer to send the 4 bytes <code>0xAC 0x53 0x00 0x00</code> to the MCU, and look for the value <code>0x53</code> in the third of the 4 response bytes, as specified on page 260 of the <a href="http://www.atmel.ch/Images/doc7799.pdf" rel="nofollow">data sheet</a>. However, the programmer answers:</p>

<pre><code>[1b]                              Beginning of message
[06]                              Sequence number (matches message previously sent)
[00] [02]                         Response body length
[0e]                              Beginning of response body
[10]                              Command: CMD_ENTER_PROGMODE_ISP (Matches message)
[c0]                              STATUS_CMD_FAILED (This is the error message)
[c1]                              Checksum
</code></pre>

<p>That means that tyne very first command sent to the microcontroller “failed” (most likely by not returning the expected answer byte).</p>
