user6445: Desired Behaviour
I want to send RGB values from my Arduino Uno PWM pins to an RGB LED strip.  
What I've Tried
I've purchased this RGB LED strip and 12V power supply (specs below). 
I'm trying to follow this adafruit tutorial but am finding the diagram references unclear.  
I've mocked up a diagram but am not sure it would work:

( I haven't used the Vin pin before, so, just to be clear, that is the pin that is connected to the positive line on the breadboard - is that how to transfer the 12V power to the breadboard? )  
Questions
01)  Is the above diagram safe and sound? 
02)  How do I connect the power supply to the RGB LED strip?  
03)  Is it ok to keep the Arduino 'powered' by the USB whilst plugged in to the 12V power (so that it can keep sending the RGB values to the LED strip via the PWM pins)?  
04)  I've seen references to grounding the power source, how do I do that?  
05)  Are the MOSFETS I have from the Arduino Uno starter kit sufficient for this task?  
Printed Text on MOSFET:  IRF520 Y32K BE  
MOSFET Datasheet:  Link (IRF520NPbF)
Specifications
RGB LED Strip

LED type:  5050 SMD  
Color:  RGB  
LED quantity:  300LED  
Package:  5 Meter/REEL  
Voltage:: 12V DC  
Working Power:    14.4W  
Working temperature: -20° to 50°  
Size: ⌀180mm  
Length :  5m  
Life Span:    50000+hours  
Weight:   0.3kg

Power Supply 

Input Voltage: AC 100 - 240V  
Output Voltage : DC 12V, 6A  
Power : 72 Watts  
Connector Size:  
External Diameter: 5.5mm  
Internal Diameter: 2.5mm  


user4143: 
01) Is the above diagram safe and sound?

It looks to be OK, except one thing:
The current you can draw from the Arduino's VIN pin is limited to about 1A. That is a sixth of what your power supply can provide, and the LED strip when everything is on needs more than that (1.2A), so you could run into problems.  The limit is threefold:

The barrel jack itself is rated at up to 1A
There is a protection diode with a limit of 1A
The header pins are rated at up to 1A

And of course the Arduino itself needs to use some of that available 1A.  So you might be better off splicing your LED circuit into the power supply's wire before it enters the Arduino.

02) How do I connect the power supply to the RGB LED strip?

Power goes in (+) to the common pin of the LED strip and then out of any of the three colour pins that happen to be connected to the ground of the power supply. That is, the ground of the Arduino in your schematic since they are (as they should be) all shared.

03) Is it ok to keep the Arduino 'powered' by the USB whilst plugged in to the 12V power (so that it can keep sending the RGB values to the LED strip via the PWM pins)?

Yes. There is circuitry on the Arduino that allows both the USB and barrel jack to be plugged in together.

04) I've seen references to grounding the power source, how do I do that?

That refers to connecting the external power supply's ground and the Arduino's ground together. By using the barrel jack that is all taken care of for you.

05) Are the MOSFETS I have from the Arduino Uno starter kit sufficient for this task?

Not really.  They are designed to be switched with a higher voltage than the Arduino's IO pins provide.  While they will work, they may cause the LEDs to be dimmer than they should be, or the MOSFETs might get hot.  Basically a MOSFET has a "threshold" voltage range which is the voltage range at which the MOSFET transitions from off to on. That is 2V - 4V for that MOSFET, which while within the range of an IO pin isn't really that great. At 4V the MOSFET still isn't completely on. You may notice from the datasheet that the "R_DS(ON)" value - that is the resistance of the MOSFET when it is on, is measured with the gate voltage at 10V. That is a voltage where the MOSFET is guaranteed to be fully on. Anything less than that and the resistance will be higher causing more losses across the MOSFET.  I could see that instantly from the model number - it starts with "IRF".  There is a specific range from International Rectifier which is designed to be directly driven by an IO pin - these are the "IRL" (for International Rectifier Logic-level) series.  These have their R_DS(ON) values measured typically at a gate voltage of 4.5V and a threshold voltage in the region of 500mV to 1.5V. When directly driving from an Arduino these IRL (or equivalent from other manufacturers) are preferred.

6445: <p><strong>Desired Behaviour</strong></p>

<p>I want to send RGB values from my Arduino Uno PWM pins to an RGB LED strip.  </p>

<p><strong>What I've Tried</strong></p>

<p>I've purchased this <a href="http://www.ebay.com.au/itm/331584281701" rel="nofollow noreferrer">RGB LED strip</a> and <a href="http://www.ebay.com.au/itm/261991816695" rel="nofollow noreferrer">12V power supply</a> (specs below). </p>

<p>I'm trying to follow <a href="https://learn.adafruit.com/rgb-led-strips/usage" rel="nofollow noreferrer">this adafruit tutorial</a> but am finding the diagram references unclear.  </p>

<p>I've mocked up a diagram but am not sure it would work:</p>

<p><a href="https://i.stack.imgur.com/z8H11.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/z8H11.png" alt="enter image description here"></a></p>

<p>( I haven't used the <code>Vin</code> pin before, so, just to be clear, that is the pin that is connected to the positive line on the breadboard - is that how to transfer the 12V power to the breadboard? )  </p>

<p><strong>Questions</strong></p>

<p><strong>01)</strong>  Is the above diagram safe and sound? </p>

<p><strong>02)</strong>  How do I connect the power supply to the RGB LED strip?  </p>

<p><strong>03)</strong>  Is it ok to keep the Arduino 'powered' by the USB whilst plugged in to the 12V power (so that it can keep sending the RGB values to the LED strip via the PWM pins)?  </p>

<p><strong>04)</strong>  I've seen references to <code>grounding</code> the power source, how do I do that?  </p>

<p><strong>05)</strong>  Are the MOSFETS I have from the Arduino Uno starter kit sufficient for this task?  </p>

<p>Printed Text on MOSFET:  IRF520 Y32K BE  </p>

<p>MOSFET Datasheet:  <a href="https://www.arduino.cc/documents/datasheets/MosfetTransistor.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Link</a> (IRF520NPbF)</p>

<p><strong>Specifications</strong></p>

<p><em>RGB LED Strip</em></p>

<ul>
<li><p>LED type:  5050 SMD  </p></li>
<li><p>Color:  RGB  </p></li>
<li><p>LED quantity:  300LED  </p></li>
<li><p>Package:  5 Meter/REEL  </p></li>
<li><p>Voltage:: 12V DC  </p></li>
<li><p>Working Power:    14.4W  </p></li>
<li><p>Working temperature: -20° to 50°  </p></li>
<li><p>Size: ⌀180mm  </p></li>
<li><p>Length :  5m  </p></li>
<li><p>Life Span:    50000+hours  </p></li>
<li><p>Weight:   0.3kg</p></li>
</ul>

<p><em>Power Supply</em>  </p>

<ul>
<li><p>Input Voltage: AC 100 - 240V  </p></li>
<li><p>Output Voltage : DC 12V, 6A  </p></li>
<li><p>Power : 72 Watts  </p></li>
<li><p>Connector Size:  </p></li>
<li><p>External Diameter: 5.5mm  </p></li>
<li><p>Internal Diameter: 2.5mm  </p></li>
</ul>
 4143: <blockquote>
  <p>01) Is the above diagram safe and sound?</p>
</blockquote>

<p>It looks to be OK, except one thing:</p>

<p>The current you can draw from the Arduino's VIN pin is limited to about 1A. That is a sixth of what your power supply can provide, and the LED strip when everything is on needs more than that (1.2A), so you could run into problems.  The limit is threefold:</p>

<ul>
<li>The barrel jack itself is rated at up to 1A</li>
<li>There is a protection diode with a limit of 1A</li>
<li>The header pins are rated at up to 1A</li>
</ul>

<p>And of course the Arduino itself needs to use some of that available 1A.  So you might be better off splicing your LED circuit into the power supply's wire before it enters the Arduino.</p>

<blockquote>
  <p>02) How do I connect the power supply to the RGB LED strip?</p>
</blockquote>

<p>Power goes in (+) to the common pin of the LED strip and then out of any of the three colour pins that happen to be connected to the ground of the power supply. That is, the ground of the Arduino in your schematic since they are (as they should be) all shared.</p>

<blockquote>
  <p>03) Is it ok to keep the Arduino 'powered' by the USB whilst plugged in to the 12V power (so that it can keep sending the RGB values to the LED strip via the PWM pins)?</p>
</blockquote>

<p>Yes. There is circuitry on the Arduino that allows both the USB and barrel jack to be plugged in together.</p>

<blockquote>
  <p>04) I've seen references to grounding the power source, how do I do that?</p>
</blockquote>

<p>That refers to connecting the external power supply's ground and the Arduino's ground together. By using the barrel jack that is all taken care of for you.</p>

<blockquote>
  <p>05) Are the MOSFETS I have from the Arduino Uno starter kit sufficient for this task?</p>
</blockquote>

<p>Not really.  They are designed to be switched with a higher voltage than the Arduino's IO pins provide.  While they will work, they may cause the LEDs to be dimmer than they should be, or the MOSFETs might get hot.  Basically a MOSFET has a "threshold" voltage range which is the voltage range at which the MOSFET transitions from off to on. That is 2V - 4V for that MOSFET, which while within the range of an IO pin isn't really that great. At 4V the MOSFET still isn't completely on. You may notice from the datasheet that the "R_DS(ON)" value - that is the resistance of the MOSFET when it is on, is measured with the gate voltage at 10V. That is a voltage where the MOSFET is guaranteed to be fully on. Anything less than that and the resistance will be higher causing more losses across the MOSFET.  I could see that instantly from the model number - it starts with "IRF".  There is a specific range from International Rectifier which is designed to be directly driven by an IO pin - these are the "IRL" (for <em>International Rectifier Logic-level</em>) series.  These have their R_DS(ON) values measured typically at a gate voltage of 4.5V and a threshold voltage in the region of 500mV to 1.5V. When directly driving from an Arduino these IRL (or equivalent from other manufacturers) are preferred.</p>
