user31239: I don't know if I am allowed to ask this question because really I could just look this up on google. The reason I'm asking here is because in google when you look up the definitions for the following commands, they treat you like you have good knowledge of arduino boards work. I however want to be treated as a beginner who just started learning arduino boards.
So I want to know the definitions of the following commands in a way that I could learn and teach new beginners without getting them confused.
So I want to know the clear definitions of these following commands:
analogWrite and also why does it have a limit of 255? what does this 255 mean?
analogRead  and also why does this have a limit of 1023? what does this mean?
digitalWrite and also how does this differ from analogWrite?
digitalRead and also how does this differ from analogRead?
Loop and setup also what is the void before it?
Variables and also how they are declared?
Map and also what does it map and how?
Serial.write and also how does this differs from analogWrite and digitalWrite?
If/else commands and when they should and shouldn't be used? 
Like I said, I do not know whether the question is appropriate, but could be helpful to all the beginners learning Arduino.

user31105: These are a lot of different questions. However, you can find most of the Arduino related answers in the official reference:
Arduino reference Guide
Some other answers:

how to declare variables:

 
e.g.
int x;

SerialWrite sends data to the serial port/UART, analogWrite and digitalWrite puts a voltage to a pin (simplified).
AnalogWrite is normally used for a value that has a range (like the intensity of a led), digitalWrite for an On/Off state (can also be for a led but just on/off).
if/else commands can be used to make a program make a decision.
e.g. 
if (a == 10)
{ 
    Serial.println("10");
}
else
{
    Serial.println("Not 10");
}

void means 'nothing' ... in principle it means the functions (setup and loop) do not return any value. You can also define functions which return a value, e.g.
int add(int a, int b)
{
    return a + b;
}

Read in any C/C++ manual about the commands, get a beginner programmers handbook.
The limit of a pin, means the value cannot be more than 255 or 1023. This means that the range of the value you can get/set is between 0 and 255 or 1023.
The map command can be used to make a value within the range required.

31239: <p>I don't know if I am allowed to ask this question because really I could just look this up on google. The reason I'm asking here is because in google when you look up the definitions for the following commands, they treat you like you have good knowledge of arduino boards work. I however want to be treated as a beginner who just started learning arduino boards.</p>

<p>So I want to know the definitions of the following commands in a way that I could learn and teach new beginners without getting them confused.</p>

<p>So I want to know the clear definitions of these following commands:</p>

<p><strong>analogWrite and also why does it have a limit of 255? what does this 255 mean?</strong></p>

<p><strong>analogRead  and also why does this have a limit of 1023? what does this mean?</strong></p>

<p><strong>digitalWrite and also how does this differ from analogWrite?</strong></p>

<p><strong>digitalRead and also how does this differ from analogRead?</strong></p>

<p><strong>Loop and setup also what is the void before it?</strong></p>

<p><strong>Variables and also how they are declared?</strong></p>

<p><strong>Map and also what does it map and how?</strong></p>

<p><strong>Serial.write and also how does this differs from analogWrite and digitalWrite?</strong></p>

<p><strong>If/else commands and when they should and shouldn't be used?</strong> </p>

<p>Like I said, I do not know whether the question is appropriate, but could be helpful to all the beginners learning Arduino.</p>
 31105: <p>These are a lot of different questions. However, you can find most of the Arduino related answers in the official reference:
<a href="https://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/HomePage" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Arduino reference Guide</a></p>

<p>Some other answers:</p>

<ul>
<li>how to declare variables:</li>
</ul>

<p> </p>

<p>e.g.</p>

<pre><code>int x;
</code></pre>

<p>SerialWrite sends data to the serial port/UART, analogWrite and digitalWrite puts a voltage to a pin (simplified).</p>

<p>AnalogWrite is normally used for a value that has a range (like the intensity of a led), digitalWrite for an On/Off state (can also be for a led but just on/off).</p>

<p>if/else commands can be used to make a program make a decision.</p>

<p>e.g. </p>

<pre><code>if (a == 10)
{ 
    Serial.println("10");
}
else
{
    Serial.println("Not 10");
}
</code></pre>

<p>void means 'nothing' ... in principle it means the functions (setup and loop) do not return any value. You can also define functions which return a value, e.g.</p>

<pre><code>int add(int a, int b)
{
    return a + b;
}
</code></pre>

<p>Read in any C/C++ manual about the commands, get a beginner programmers handbook.</p>

<p>The limit of a pin, means the value cannot be more than 255 or 1023. This means that the range of the value you can get/set is between 0 and 255 or 1023.
The map command can be used to make a value within the range required.</p>
