user13744: I found on the Web some information what centipawns are. But how exactly programs calculate this loss? How can I recognize if one move will bring less centipawn loss that an another? Assuming both would not lead to a loss of a chess piece. 

user825: I think that's your question:
Q: How does a chess engine evaluate a chess position and give centipawns score?
I don't want to bore you with technical details, let me give you simple explanation:

Chess engine is able to evaluates a chess position and give a score

The score can depend on many factors, including but not limited to:

Material
Pawn structure
Mobility
King Safety


https://chessprogramming.wikispaces.com/Evaluation


Chess engine searches as many moves as possible and compare the moves by evaluation score. The best move is the move that gives the best score.
Now we know a chess engine can give a score. For convenience, they scale the scores to centipawns. 


13744: <p>I found on the Web some information what centipawns are. But how exactly programs calculate this loss? How can I recognize if one move will bring less centipawn loss that an another? Assuming both would not lead to a loss of a chess piece. </p>
 825: <p>I think that's your question:</p>

<p><strong>Q: How does a chess engine evaluate a chess position and give centipawns score?</strong></p>

<p>I don't want to bore you with technical details, let me give you simple explanation:</p>

<ol>
<li>Chess engine is able to evaluates a chess position and give a score</li>
</ol>

<p>The score can depend on many factors, including but not limited to:</p>

<ul>
<li>Material</li>
<li>Pawn structure</li>
<li>Mobility</li>
<li>King Safety</li>
</ul>

<blockquote>
  <p><a href="https://chessprogramming.wikispaces.com/Evaluation" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://chessprogramming.wikispaces.com/Evaluation</a></p>
</blockquote>

<ol start="2">
<li><p>Chess engine searches as many moves as possible and compare the moves by evaluation score. The best move is the move that gives the best score.</p></li>
<li><p>Now we know a chess engine can give a score. For convenience, they scale the scores to centipawns. </p></li>
</ol>
