user16194: What is the zugzwang? I have read this term in chess book but the term not much clear to me. Anyone know to to use this and what are the advantage of this?

user12876: Zugzwang, compulsion-to-move, is where a player is forced to disadvantage their position, or obscure their strategy, tactics, or attacks by moving. 
Example #1 
 8/8/8/3pK3/2kP4/8/8/8 w - - 0 1

In this position each King aims to protect its pawn, but if it's white to play, white is forced to move away since the pawn's movement is restricted and c6 is guarded by the pawn. Checkmate in 15 (WTM)
Example #2
3k4/3P2K1/8/8/8/7B/8/8 b - - 0 1

This is a more active puzzle, but a checkmate in 9 for white (BTM)
King c7
1... Kc7 2. Bf5 Kb6 3. d8=Q+ Kc5 4. Qd3 Kb4 5. Qd4+
Kb3 6. Kf6 Ka3 7. Qc3+ Ka2 8. Qb4 Ka1 9. Qb1#
King e7
1... Ke7 2. Bf5 Kd6 3. Kf6 Kc5 4. d8=Q Kc4 5. Ke7
Kc3 6. Qd3+ Kb2 7. Qc2+ Ka3 8. Qc3+ Ka2 9. Qb4
Ka1 10. Qb1#
Black is forced to move the king from d8 with e7 and c7 both leading to checkmates in perfect checkmates in 9
Example 3
5Kbk/6pp/6P1/8/8/8/8/7R w - - 0 1

White to move. Mate in 2. This one uses rh6 to lock the h7 pawn leaving only the bishop able to move, which forces it to abandon it's defense of the h7 pawn leading to rh7 checkmate.

user12873: Zugzwang is a situation where every single one of a player's moves loses, but if he didn't have to move then he'd be fine.
Consider this position:
White King on d5, White pawn on e4, Black King on f4, Black pawn on e5.
Whoever's move it is loses. If it's White's move then he must move his King away, and Black takes the e4-pawn. White does not want to move, but he's not allowed to skip a turn.

user10380: Here are some zugzwang positions which have been shown in answers to earlier threads:
4k3/8/3P1P/8/8/3p1p2/8/4K3 w - - 0 1

First to move loses (posted by GloriaVictis at this question on symmetrical zugzwangs).
8/8/8/3pK3/2kP4/8/8/8 w - - 0 1

The "trebuchet" (posted by Evargalo in the same thread).
3k4/3P4/4K3/8/8/8/8/8 w - - 0 1

Posted by Simon Louchart in this thread.
Here is a Q v RPP zugzwang: White to move can't win, but Black to move loses:
[Title "KQkrpp position from John Beasley's collection of zugzwang positions"]
[StartFlipped "0"]
[fen "kr6/1pK5/pQ6/8/8/8/8/8 b - - 0 1"]

1... Rc8 2. Kxc8 a5 3. Qxb7#

Seeing as a KBP v K position has been posted in another answer, here's an example of such a position which really is a zugzwang: White to move can't win, but Black to move loses:
[Title "KBPk position from John Beasley's collection of zugzwang positions"]
[StartFlipped "0"]
[fen "kB6/8/1PK5/8/8/8/8/8 b - - 0 1"]

1... Kxb8 2. b7 Ka7 3. Kc7 Ka6 4. b8=Q Ka5 5. Qb3 Ka6 6. Qa4#


16194: <p>What is the zugzwang? I have read this term in chess book but the term not much clear to me. Anyone know to to use this and what are the advantage of this?</p>
 12876: <p>Zugzwang, <em>compulsion-to-move</em>, is where a player is forced to disadvantage their position, or obscure their strategy, tactics, or attacks by moving. </p>

<p><strong>Example #1</strong>   </p>

<pre><code> 8/8/8/3pK3/2kP4/8/8/8 w - - 0 1
</code></pre>

<p>In this position each King aims to protect its pawn, but if it's white to play, white is forced to move away since the pawn's movement is restricted and c6 is guarded by the pawn. Checkmate in 15 (WTM)</p>

<p><strong>Example #2</strong></p>

<pre><code>3k4/3P2K1/8/8/8/7B/8/8 b - - 0 1
</code></pre>

<p>This is a more active puzzle, but a checkmate in 9 for white (BTM)</p>

<p>King c7</p>

<p>1... Kc7 2. Bf5 Kb6 3. d8=Q+ Kc5 4. Qd3 Kb4 5. Qd4+
Kb3 6. Kf6 Ka3 7. Qc3+ Ka2 8. Qb4 Ka1 9. Qb1#</p>

<p>King e7</p>

<p>1... Ke7 2. Bf5 Kd6 3. Kf6 Kc5 4. d8=Q Kc4 5. Ke7
Kc3 6. Qd3+ Kb2 7. Qc2+ Ka3 8. Qc3+ Ka2 9. Qb4
Ka1 10. Qb1#</p>

<p>Black is forced to move the king from d8 with e7 and c7 both leading to checkmates in perfect checkmates in 9</p>

<p><strong>Example 3</strong></p>

<pre><code>5Kbk/6pp/6P1/8/8/8/8/7R w - - 0 1
</code></pre>

<p>White to move. Mate in 2. This one uses rh6 to lock the h7 pawn leaving only the bishop able to move, which forces it to abandon it's defense of the h7 pawn leading to rh7 checkmate.</p>
 12873: <p>Zugzwang is a situation where every single one of a player's moves loses, but if he didn't have to move then he'd be fine.</p>

<p>Consider this position:</p>

<p>White King on d5, White pawn on e4, Black King on f4, Black pawn on e5.</p>

<p>Whoever's move it is loses. If it's White's move then he must move his King away, and Black takes the e4-pawn. White does not want to move, but he's not allowed to skip a turn.</p>
 10380: <p>Here are some zugzwang positions which have been shown in answers to earlier threads:</p>

<pre><code>4k3/8/3P1P/8/8/3p1p2/8/4K3 w - - 0 1
</code></pre>

<p>First to move loses (posted by GloriaVictis at <a href="https://chess.stackexchange.com/questions/15977/symmetric-zugzwang-positions">this question on symmetrical zugzwangs</a>).</p>

<pre><code>8/8/8/3pK3/2kP4/8/8/8 w - - 0 1
</code></pre>

<p>The "trebuchet" (posted by Evargalo in the same thread).</p>

<pre><code>3k4/3P4/4K3/8/8/8/8/8 w - - 0 1
</code></pre>

<p>Posted by Simon Louchart in <a href="https://chess.stackexchange.com/questions/1673/how-can-i-identify-zugzwang-opportunities">this thread</a>.</p>

<p>Here is a Q v RPP zugzwang: White to move can't win, but Black to move loses:</p>

<pre><code>[Title "KQkrpp position from John Beasley's collection of zugzwang positions"]
[StartFlipped "0"]
[fen "kr6/1pK5/pQ6/8/8/8/8/8 b - - 0 1"]

1... Rc8 2. Kxc8 a5 3. Qxb7#
</code></pre>

<p>Seeing as a KBP v K position has been posted in another answer, here's an example of such a position which really is a zugzwang: White to move can't win, but Black to move loses:</p>

<pre><code>[Title "KBPk position from John Beasley's collection of zugzwang positions"]
[StartFlipped "0"]
[fen "kB6/8/1PK5/8/8/8/8/8 b - - 0 1"]

1... Kxb8 2. b7 Ka7 3. Kc7 Ka6 4. b8=Q Ka5 5. Qb3 Ka6 6. Qa4#
</code></pre>
