user-1: I've once saw a joke chess study about castling vertically. However, I have forgotten who has composed it. I remember that in the positions, all the pawns were locked, but not much else. Does anybody know who was the composer of this problem?

user8201: The concept has been traced to a Danish composer in 1907:
[Title "Conrad Staugaard, Skakbladet 11/1907, mate in 2"]
[FEN "6B1/4P3/8/8/8/2pk4/2N5/4K2R w - - 0 1"]

It has recently been named "Staugaard castling", although the term "Pam-Krabbé castling can still be found. There has been a resurgence of compositional interest, with as of now 36 problems in the PDB database: https://pdb.dieschwalbe.de/search.jsp?expression=K%3D%27Staugaard-Rochade%27

user4418: I believe this is the position with White to mate in 3:
[Title "Tim Krabbé, Schaakbulletin 1972, Mate In 3"]
[FEN "8/8/4P3/3p4/2p3p1/1pP1kPPp/1P5P/R3K2R w KQkq - 0 1"]

Max Pam found a loophole in the rules, and Tim Krabbé exploited it when he composed this problem in 1972.
There are 3 variations depending on Black's responses with the third variation being vertical castling.

1.e7 Kd3 2.e8=R gxf3 3.0-0-0#.
1.e7 Kxf3 2.e8=R d4 3.0-0#.
1.e7 Kxf3 2.e8=R Kg2 3.0-0-0-0#!.


-1: <p>I've once saw a joke chess study about castling vertically. However, I have forgotten who has composed it. I remember that in the positions, all the pawns were locked, but not much else. Does anybody know who was the composer of this problem?</p>
 8201: <p>The concept has been traced to a Danish composer in 1907:</p>
<pre><code>[Title &quot;Conrad Staugaard, Skakbladet 11/1907, mate in 2&quot;]
[FEN &quot;6B1/4P3/8/8/8/2pk4/2N5/4K2R w - - 0 1&quot;]
</code></pre>
<p>It has recently been named &quot;Staugaard castling&quot;, although the term &quot;Pam-Krabbé castling can still be found. There has been a resurgence of compositional interest, with as of now 36 problems in the PDB database: <a href="https://pdb.dieschwalbe.de/search.jsp?expression=K%3D%27Staugaard-Rochade%27" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://pdb.dieschwalbe.de/search.jsp?expression=K%3D%27Staugaard-Rochade%27</a></p>
 4418: <p>I believe this is the position with White to mate in 3:</p>
<pre><code>[Title &quot;Tim Krabbé, Schaakbulletin 1972, Mate In 3&quot;]
[FEN &quot;8/8/4P3/3p4/2p3p1/1pP1kPPp/1P5P/R3K2R w KQkq - 0 1&quot;]
</code></pre>
<p>Max Pam found a loophole in the rules, and Tim Krabbé exploited it when he composed this problem in 1972.</p>
<p>There are 3 variations depending on Black's responses with the third variation being vertical castling.</p>
<ol>
<li>1.e7 Kd3 2.e8=R gxf3 3.0-0-0#.</li>
<li>1.e7 Kxf3 2.e8=R d4 3.0-0#.</li>
<li>1.e7 Kxf3 2.e8=R Kg2 3.0-0-0-0#!.</li>
</ol>
