text: user1771: I am reading this paper regarding de novo CNV analysis in Schizophrenia:
  
  Accordingly, such CNVs must frequently occur as recurrent de novo mutations. In a sample of 662 schizophrenia proband–parent trios, we found that rare de novo CNV mutations were significantly more frequent in cases (5.1% all cases, 5.5% family history negative) compared with 2.2% among 2623 controls, confirming the involvement of de novo CNVs in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
  
  I assumed that proband stands for the sample being tested (child of the parents), however, I couldn't find an explicit definition for it. Is it just the sample being tested, or does it imply additional details?
  
  user73: answer from @maximilian-press, converted from comments:
  
  https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Proband
  https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/proband
  
  
  A proband is an individual affected with a disorder who is the first subject in a study (as of a genetic character in a family lineage) who brings a genetic disorder to the attention of the medical community.
  
  
original_text: 1771: <p>I am reading <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/mp2011154" rel="nofollow noreferrer">this paper</a> regarding <em>de novo</em> CNV analysis in Schizophrenia:</p>
  <blockquote>
  <p>Accordingly, such CNVs must frequently occur as recurrent de novo mutations. In a sample of 662 schizophrenia <strong>proband–parent</strong> trios, we found that rare de novo CNV mutations were significantly more frequent in cases (5.1% all cases, 5.5% family history negative) compared with 2.2% among 2623 controls, confirming the involvement of de novo CNVs in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.</p>
  </blockquote>
  <p>I assumed that <strong>proband</strong> stands for the sample being tested (child of the parents), however, I couldn't find an explicit definition for it. Is it just the sample being tested, or does it imply additional details?</p>
   73: <p><em>answer from @maximilian-press, converted from comments:</em></p>
  <ul>
  <li><a href="https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Proband" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Proband</a></li>
  <li><a href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/proband" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/proband</a></li>
  </ul>
  <blockquote>
  <p>A <strong>proband</strong> is an individual affected with a disorder who is the first subject in a study (as of a genetic character in a family lineage) who brings a genetic disorder to the attention of the medical community.</p>
  </blockquote>
  