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UmNgcikisho wezifuzisi, obuye ubizwe ngokuthi ukuguqulwa kwezifuzisi noma ukulunjwa kwezifuzisi, kuwukuguqulwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezifuzisi zesiphili kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe .
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UmNgcikisho wezifuzisi
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IsiPhili esiguqulwe isiFuzisi yinoma yisiphi isiPhili esinezithako zofuzo ezishintshiwe kusetshenziswa umNgcikisho wesifuzisi.
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Izilwane eziguqulwe iziFuzisi ziyizilwane eziguqulwe iziFuzisi ngezinjongo ezehlukene ezihlanganisa ukukhiqiza izidakamizwa, ukukhulisa inani lazo, ukwandisa ukumelana kwazo nezifo, njll. Iningi lezilwane eziguqulwe iziFuzisi zisesigabeni socwaningo kuyilapho inani eliseduze lalezo ezizofakwa endayini lisalincane.
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Isizindamininingo esikuxhakaxholo siyisizindamininingo esifinyeleleka ngoxhoxho lwasendaweni noma uxhakaxholo, ngokuphambene nalolo oluqoqongwe esiCikizini ngasinye noma isilulu saso esifakiwe (njenge-CD).
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I-Thaniya yidolobha elise-Aljiriya.
Ubuntu
Bouzid Boushaki - Osopolitiki wase-Algeria.
Mustapha Ishak Boushaki - Wefiziksi wase-Algeria.
I-Aljeriya
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Ukubala amakhadi kuyisu le-blackjack elisetshenziselwa ukunquma ukuthi umdlali noma umdayisi unenzuzo esandleni esilandelayo. Izibali zekhadi zingabadlali abazuzayo abazama ukunqoba unqenqema lwendlu yekhasino ngokugcina isibalo esisebenzayo samakhadi anenani eliphansi naphezulu asetshenziwe. Ngokuvamile babheja kakhulu uma benenzuzo futhi kancane uma umthengisi enenzuzo. Baphinde bashintshe izinqumo zokudlala ezisuselwe ekwakhiweni kwedekhi.
Okuyisisekelo
Ukubalwa kwamakhadi kusekelwe ebufakazini bezibalo bokuthi amakhadi aphezulu (ama-aces, 10, no-9) azuzisa umdlali, kuyilapho amakhadi aphansi, (2s, 3s, 4s, 5s, 6s, and 7s) azuzisa umdayisi. Amakhadi aphezulu azuzisa umdlali ngezindlela ezilandelayo:
Bandisa amathuba omdlali okushaya i-Blackjack, evame ukukhokha ku-3 kuya kwezingu-2 (nakuba amanye amakhasino akhokha ngo-6 kuya ku-5).
Ukuphinda kabili phansi kwenyusa inani elilindelekile. Isilinganiso esiphezulu samashumi nama-aces sithuthukisa amathuba okuthi ukuphinda kabili phansi kuzophumelela. Amanani ezandla avame kakhulu umdlali awehlisela phansi kabili ngu-11, 10, no-9; futhi ukudweba ikhadi eliphezulu kulezi kuzokwenza isandla esinamandla.
Banikeza amathuba engeziwe okuhlukanisa umdlali.
Bangenza ukubheja komshwalensi kube yinzuzo ngokwandisa amathuba omthengisi we-blackjack.
Ziphinde zandise amathuba okuthi umdayisi azowadla, uma kwenzeka umthengisi ekhombisa ikhadi eliphezulu eliphansi (okungukuthi 2-6). Lokhu futhi kwandisa amathuba okuba umdlali aqhume, kodwa umdlali angakhetha ukuma ngamathothali aphansi ngokusekelwe ekubaleni.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amakhadi aphansi azuzisa umdayisi. Imithetho idinga ukuthi umdayisi ashaye izandla eziqinile (ingqikithi engu-12–16), futhi amakhadi aphansi mancane amathuba okuthi akhiphe lawa manani. Umthengisi obambe isandla esiqinile uzoqhuma uma ikhadi elilandelayo liyi-10.
Izibali zekhadi azidingi amakhono engqondo angavamile; abalandeleli noma babambe ngekhanda amakhadi athile. Esikhundleni salokho, izinto zokubala zamakhadi zabela ikhadi ngalinye elilinganisa inani lalelo khadi amaphuzu ephuzu. Balandelela isamba lala manani ngokubala okusebenzayo. Inganekwane yokuthi izibalo zilandelela wonke amakhadi yavezwa efilimini yango-1988 ethi Rain Man, lapho umlingiswa ohlakaniphile uRaymond Babbitt ebala amadekhi ayisithupha kalula, futhi isisebenzi sekhasino siphawula ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukwenza kanjalo.
Amasistimu
Amasistimu wokubala amakhadi ayisisekelo anika inani eliphozithivu, elibi, noma elinguziro ekhadini ngalinye. Uma ikhadi kubhekwana nalo, isibalo silungiswa ngenani lokubala lelo khadi. Amakhadi aphansi akhulisa isibalo; bandisa iphesenti lamakhadi aphezulu emphemeni. Amakhadi aphezulu anciphisa isibalo ngesizathu esiphambene. Isibonelo, isistimu ye-Hi-Lo ikhipha okukodwa kokungu-10, ujeke, indlovukazi, inkosi, noma i-ace bese yengeza elilodwa kunoma yiliphi ikhadi phakathi kuka-2 no-6. 7s, 8s, kanye no-9s ukubala njengoziro futhi akuthinti ukubala.
Isistimu yokubala amakhadi ihlose ukunikeza amanani amaphuzu acishe ahlobane nomthelela wekhadi wokukhipha (EOR). I-EOR umphumela olinganiselwe wokukhipha ikhadi elinikeziwe ekudlaleni. Izibali zikala umphumela wokususwa kwawo wonke amakhadi asetshenziwe nokuthi lokho kuwuthinta kanjani unqenqema lwendlu lwamanje. Izilinganiso ezinkulu phakathi kwamanani amaphuzu zidala ukuhlobana okungcono kakhulu kwe-EOR yangempela, okwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu. Izinhlelo ezinjalo zihlukaniswa njengezinga 1, izinga 2, izinga lesi-3, njalonjalo. Izinga lihambisana nesilinganiso phakathi kwamanani.
Uhlelo lwe-Hi-Lo luyisibalo sezinga loku-1; ukubala okusebenzayo akukaze kwenyuke noma kwehle ngaphezu kokukodwa. Ukubalwa kwamaleveli amaningi, njenge-Zen Count, i-Wong Halves, noma i-Hi-Opt II, iphinde ihlukanise amanani ekhadi ukuze kwandiswe ukunemba. Ukubala okuthuthukisiwe kuhlanganisa amanani afana no-+2 kanye no-−2, noma +0.5 kanye -0.5. Abadlali abathuthukile bangase futhi bagcine isibalo eseceleni samakhadi athile afana nama-aces. Lokhu kwenziwa lapho ukunemba kokubheja kwehluka khona nokunemba kokudlala.
Amasu amaningi okubala aseceleni akhona, okuhlanganisa ukubala kwenhloso ekhethekile okusetshenziselwa imidlalo enezinketho zokudlala okunenzuzo ezingajwayelekile njengokubheja okungaphezulu/ngaphansi.
Ukulandelela idatha eyengeziwe ngezibalo zamaleveli aphezulu kungalimaza isivinini nokunemba. Ezinye izinto zokubala zithola imali eningi ngokudlala ukubala okulula ngokushesha kunokudlala ukubala okuyinkimbinkimbi kancane.
Ukuklama nokukhethwa kwezinhlelo
Umgomo oyinhloko wesistimu yokubala ikhadi ukwabela amanani amaphuzu ekhadini ngalinye acishe ahlobane "nomphumela wokususwa" wekhadi noma i-EOR (okungukuthi, umphumela ikhadi elilodwa eliba nawo kunzuzo yendlu uma selikhishiwe ekudlaleni), ngaleyo ndlela. okwenza umdlali akwazi ukukala inzuzo yendlu ngokusekelwe ekwakhiweni kwamakhadi asazophathwa. Izilinganiso ezinkulu phakathi kwamanani wamaphuzu zingahlotshaniswa kangcono ne-EOR yangempela, kodwa zengeze ubunkimbinkimbi ohlelweni. Amasistimu okubala angabizwa ngokuthi "level 1", "level 2", njll., ahambisana nenani lamaphuzu ahlukene uhlelo oluwabizayo.
Isistimu ekahle iyisistimu esetshenziswa umdlali futhi inikeza imbuyiselo eyisilinganiso esiphezulu kakhulu sedola ngesikhathi ngasinye lapho kusetshenzwa ngenani elinqunyiwe. Unalokhu engqondweni, amasistimu ahlose ukuzuza ukulingana kokusebenza kahle ezigabeni ezintathu.
Ukuhlobana kokubheja (BC)
Uma isamba sakho konke izimvume zamakhadi angakalungiswa kunikeza okulindelekile kumdlali osebenzisa isu lokudlala eliphelele, kukhona okulindelekile kumdlali obhejayo. I-BC yesistimu ikala ukuthi isistimu iphumelela kangakanani ekwaziseni umsebenzisi ngalesi simo.
Ukudlala kahle (PE)
Ingxenye yenzuzo elindelekile ivela ekulungiseni isu lokudlala ngokusekelwe ekwakhiweni okuguquliwe okwaziwayo kwamakhadi. Ngalesi sizathu, i-PE yesistimu ikala ukuthi ikwazisa ngempumelelo kangakanani umdlali ukuthi aguqule isu ngokuya ngokwakhiwa kwangempela kwamakhadi angalungiswanga. I-PE yesistimu ibalulekile uma umthelela we-PE unomthelela omkhulu enzuzweni ephelele, njengasemidlalweni yedekhi eyodwa nekabili.
Ukulungiswa komshwalense (IC)
Ingxenye yenzuzo elindelekile emakhadini okubala ivela ekuthatheni ukubheja komshwalense, okuba inzuzo ngezibalo eziphezulu. Ukwenyuka kwe-IC kuzonikeza inani elengeziwe ohlelweni lokubala amakhadi.
Amanye amasu abala i-ace (amasu okubalwa yi-ace) kanti amanye awasho (amasu angathathi hlangothi). Ukufaka ama-aces ekubaleni kuthuthukisa ukuhlobana kokubheja njengoba i-ace iyikhadi elibaluleke kakhulu emphemeni ngezinjongo zokubheja. Kodwa-ke, njengoba i-ace ingabalwa njengeyodwa noma ishumi nanye, kufaka phakathi i-ace ekubaleni kunciphisa ukunemba kokudlala kahle. Njengoba i-PE ibaluleke kakhulu emidlalweni eyodwa kanye ne-double-deck, futhi i-BC ibaluleke kakhulu emidlalweni yezicathulo, ukubala i-ace kubaluleke kakhulu emidlalweni yezicathulo.
Enye indlela yokubhekana nokuhwebelana okunjalo ukunganaki i-ace ukukhiqiza i-PE ephezulu ngenkathi ugcina isibalo esiseceleni esisetshenziselwa ukuthola ushintsho olwengeziwe ku-EV umdlali azolusebenzisa ukuze athole amathuba engeziwe okubheja ngokuvamile abengeke akhonjiswe ngokuyinhloko. uhlelo lokubala amakhadi.
Ikhadi elibalwe ohlangothini elivame kakhulu yi-ace njengoba iyikhadi elibaluleke kakhulu mayelana nokuzuza ibhalansi ye-BC ne-PE. Ngokombono, umdlali angagcina isibalo esiseceleni salo lonke ikhadi futhi athole i-PE ecishe ibe ngu-100%, kodwa-ke, izindlela ezibandakanya ukubala okuseceleni okwengeziwe kwe-PE ziba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngesilinganiso esicacile njengoba wengeza ukubala okuseceleni okwengeziwe nekhono lomqondo womuntu. igcwala ngokushesha futhi ayikwazi ukwenza izibalo ezidingekayo. Ngaphandle kokubala okuseceleni, i-PE ingafinyelela ku-70%.
Njengoba kunethuba lokudala isidingo esingaphezu kwentela emqondweni womuntu kuyilapho usebenzisa uhlelo lokubala amakhadi okunye okucatshangelwayo okubalulekile okuklama ukusebenziseka kalula. Amasistimu nezinhlelo ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezinezibalo eziseceleni ngokusobala zizoba nzima kakhulu futhi emzamweni wokuzenza zibe lula, amasistimu angalingani aqeda isidingo sokuthi umdlali ahlale ebheka inani lamakhadi/amadekhi asevele engenile ekudlaleni ngokuvamile ngezindleko. yokwehlisa i-PE.
Ireferensi
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UKyriakos Mitsotakis (owazalwa ngo-4 Mashi 1968) usopolitiki ongumGreki kanye nesikhulumi somphakathi osebenze njengondunankulu waseGreece kusukela ngo-2019. neRiphabhulikhi yaseTurkey kanye nokucindezelwa kobhubhane lwe-COVID-19 ezweni, kodwa ukugxekwa kwezinyathelo zokuqiniswa ngesikhathi ebusa, ukungakwazi ukumisa ukwehla kwamandla emali kulandela ukuhlasela kweRussia e-Ukraine kanye nesihlava sokusebenzisa ucingo ngocingo ngo-2022. Ezinye izingqinamba kuye Ukubusa kwavela ezehlakalweni ezinjengokuphahlazeka kwesitimela eTempi ngomhla ka-1 Mashi 2023 okwabulala wonke umuntu owayesesikebheni futhi kwaletha imibhikisho esabalele nokugxekwa kuhulumeni kaMitsotakis. Kodwa-ke, umnotho waseGreece kanye ne-GDP kukhushulwe kakhulu ngesikhathi sokubusa kwakhe, ikakhulukazi uma kubhekwa ukhetho lwakhe ngo-2019 lwafika ngasekupheleni kweNkathazo Yezomnotho YamaGreki eyafaka izwe eminyakeni eyishumi yezingxabano nobumpofu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulwe nokuwohloka komnotho kwe-COVID-19 okuthinte kakhulu umnotho, okubaluleke kakhulu kwezokuvakasha, okuwumthombo omkhulu wemali yezwe futhi kwagcina ukukhula okuqinile manje osekuchazwa njengokunye kwezinkulu kakhulu eYurophu.
Ngemuva Ukhetho lwesishayamthetho saseGreece ngoMeyi 2023 lapho kungekho khona iqembu elazuza iningi futhi akukho uhulumeni wobumbano owakhiwa yinoma yiliphi lamaqembu afanele ukwenza kanjalo, uMitsotakis wabiza okunye ukhetho olusheshayo NgoJune Ngo-24 Meyi 2023, njengoba kudingekile kumthethosisekelo waseGreece, Umongameli UKaterina Sakellaropoulou wamisa U-Ioannis Sarmas ukuba abe undunankulu wesikhashana. Ngemva kwenyanga waphinde wahola iqembu lakhe ukuba libe neningi okhethweni lwesishayamthetho saseGreece ngoJuni 2023 futhi wafungelwa njengondunankulu ethola umyalo wokwakha uhulumeni nguMongameli.
Uthathe izintambo eqenjini le-New Democracy ngo-2016 futhi wehlula undunankulu owayekhona u-Alexis Tsipras okhethweni lukazwelonke lwango-2019 ukuze athole uhulumeni onamandla amakhulu, ehlula imbangi yakhe ngamalengiso. Ngo-2023 wawina kokubili umzuliswano wokuqala nowesibili wokhetho ngesikhulu esiphezulu esinamandla okwanele ukuthi akhe ikhabhinethi yesibili, ehlula uTsipras neqembu lakhe iSYRIZA ngama-23%.
Uyise, uConstantine Mitsotakis (1918-2017), wayengundunankulu weRiphabhulikhi kusukela ngo-1990 kuya ku-1993. UKyriakos noConstantine babuyela eGreece ngemva kombuso wobushiqela wezempi wango-1967-1974 kanti owake wafunda e-Harvard naseSanford Universities.
UKyriakos Mitsotakis wazalelwa I-Athens ngo-4 March 1968, indodana UMarika (ozalwa nguGiannoukou) futhi owayengUndunankulu waseGrisi futhi engumongameli weNew Democracy UKonstantinos Mitsotakis. Ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kwakhe, umndeni wakhe wawuboshiwe endlini yi-junta yezempi yaseGrisi eyayimemezele uyise ukuthi ungumuntu ongathandeki futhi yamvalela ejele ngobusuku bokugumbuqelwa. Ngo-1968, lapho enezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala, umndeni wabalekela I-Turkey ngosizo lukaNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle waseTurkey u-İhsan Sabri Çağlayangil Ngemva kwesikhashana, basuka eTurkey baya eParis futhi balinda kwaze kwaba ngu-1974 ukuze babuyele eGreece ngemuva kokubuyiselwa kombuso wentando yeningi. UMitsotakis wachaza ngokuphikisana izinyanga zokuqala eziyisithupha zokuphila kwakhe njengokuboshwa kwezombusazwe.
UNdunankulu waseGrisi
I-New Democracy yanqoba okhethweni lwesishayamthetho luka-2019, yathola amavoti angu-39.85% futhi yathola izihlalo ezingu-158 IPhalamende laseHellenic
NgoJulayi 8, 2019, uMongameli waseGreece UProkopis Pavlopoulos wamukela ukuhoxa kukaTsipras futhi wabeka uMitsotakis ukwakha uhulumeni omusha. UMitsotakis wafungelwa njengondunankulu ngosuku olufanayo. NgoJulayi 9, ongqongqoshe kuhulumeni wakhe bafungiswa. Phakathi kweKhabhinethi yakhe kwakukhona uMakis Voridis, owayekade eyilungu le-Popular Orthodox Rally, owamukelwa ngokungemthetho phesheya nasemphakathini wamaJuda eGreece. I-Israel yamemezela ukuthi ngeke ibambisane ne-Voridis.
Kusukela ngo-2019 kuqhubeke, iqala igagasi lokuhweba, kufaka phakathi ingqalasizinda yezokuvakasha, indawo esogwini, kanye namasheya kahulumeni ezinkampanini zegesi nogesi kanye nesikhumulo sezindiza sase-Athens. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuguqulwa kwentela okuhloselwe ukwenza izwe "liyindawo yokukhosela yezigidi eziyizinkulungwane kanye nezakhamuzi ezicebe kakhulu", kuphawula i-Financial Times, kusetshenziswa. Inhloso ukuheha ukutshala imali ngokunikeza amanani aphansi intela. Isigaba sizovikela abazuzi bale nqubomgomo yentela ekushintsheni kwenqubomgomo okungenzeka kohulumeni besikhathi esizayo.
Uhulumeni kaMitsotakis udunyiswe abanye abaqaphi ngokusingatha ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 kanye nezinhlelo zawo zokusebenzisa ingxenye ye-€31 billion ye-EU's Recovery Plan kanye nokusakazwa kwayo okuhlelekile kokugoma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitifiketi esivamile se-COVID-19 saqanjwa kuMitsotakis, futhi umqondo wakhe uye wathathwa ezingeni laseYurophu. UMitsotakis wayegxeke ijubane lokuqala lokuthumela umjovo wokugoma we-COVID-19 e-EU, futhi wacela ukushesha kwawo.
Izinyathelo zasetshenziswa kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuMeyi 2020 futhi kusukela ngoNovemba 2020 kuze kube nguMeyi 2021, lapho ukuphakanyiswa kwazo kancane kancane kwaqala. Ukulawula kwakuhlanganisa ukwethula imingcele ehlukahlukene yokuhamba, ukumiswa kokusebenza kwamabhizinisi athengisa, okudla nokuzijabulisa, kanye nezikole namasonto.
Ngo-Agasti 2020, kwamukelwa inguquko yomthetho wezisebenzi. Inikeza ithuba lokuba umqashi axoshe abasebenzi ngaphandle kokunikeza izizathu zesinqumo noma anikeze isaziso kusengaphambili kubantu abathintekayo. I-anti-fraud unit yeziphathimandla zentela yaqedwa futhi abasebenzi bayo bahlanganiswa noMnyango Wezezimali.
Kunempikiswano yesikhathi eside phakathi kweTurkey neGreece ngemithombo yemvelo empumalanga yeMedithera. UMitsotakis uthe I-Turkey "isahlala ibambelele ekucabangeni kokusebenzisa amandla nezinsongo". Watshela uNobhala-Jikelele we-NATO ukuthi iGrisi "inikela ku-NATO, singumngane futhi sinethemba lokuthi lapho omunye umngane we-NATO eziziphatha ngendlela ebeka izithakazelo zethu engozini, I-NATO akufanele ithathe leli qiniso elilinganayo nokungenela ekuhlukaneni kwangaphakathi.
Phakathi nesikhathi sakhe njengoNdunankulu, uMitsotakis uye wathola kokubili udumo nokugxekwa ngokubusa kwakhe okusekela iYurophu, Ubuchwepheshe, izinyathelo zokucindezela, kanye nokusingatha kwakhe ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19. I-Greece yabizwa ngokuthi i-Top Economic Performer ka-2022 yi-The Economist, ikakhulukazi ngoba i-Greece ngo-2022 yakhokha ngaphambi kwesikhathi ama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.7 ($2.87 billion) ezibolekwe emazweni ase-Eurozone ngaphansi kokusiza kokuqala athola phakathi nenhlekelele yesikweletu seminyaka eyishumi, futhi ngenxa yokuthi iseduze nokufinyelela ezingeni lokutshala imali. UMitsotakis uphinde wagxekwa endabeni yenkohlakalo, njengoba ngesikhathi sakhe, iGrisi ibhekane nenkohlakalo eyandisiwe, kanye nokuwohloka kwenkululeko yemithombo yezindaba. Isikhathi sakhe saphinde salinyazwa yihlazo lenkohlakalo laseNovartis, ihlazo lokuthumela izingcingo lika-2022, kanye nokushayisa kweTempe Train. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uye wathola kokubili udumo nokugxekwa ngokusingatha kwakhe ukufuduka, wathola udumo nosizo oluvela kwI-European Union, kodwa ukugxekwa yizintatheli nabashisekeli ngenxa yokuxoshwa, okuyinto uhulumeni wakhe awuphikisile.
Ukufuduka
UMitsotakis wathatha ukuma okuqinile nge-European Migrant Crisis ngokusebenzisa ukucindezela kwezinkulungwane zabafuduki emzamweni wokuvimbela ukungena kwabo eGreece, okuyinto uhulumeni wakhe ayiphikise. Wathola udumo oluvela I-European Union ngokusingatha kwakhe inhlekelele futhi wathola ukusekelwa kwezomnotho kwe-€ 700m.
Izinyathelo eziphoqelelwe ze-COVID-19 nokugoma
NgoMeyi 2021, lapho uhulumeni kaMitsotakis ememezela ukuvulwa kwezwe kwezokuvakasha ngoMeyi 14, ngoba izinyathelo zokulawula ukunyakaza, njengesibopho sokuthumela i-SMS ezindaweni ezithile, zagcinwa okwesikhashana. Ezinye izinyathelo ezisekhona ngemuva kokuvulwa kabusha kwezokuvakasha kwakuyi-curfew yansuku zonke, kusukela ku-00:30, ukusetshenziswa okuphoqelekile kwezifihla-buso ngaphakathi nangaphandle, ukuvinjelwa komculo emakhefini nasezitolo zokudlela, kanye nokuvinjelwa kokusebenza kwezitolo zokudla zangaphakathi kulo lonke uMeyi. Amakhasino avunyelwa ukuthi asebenze, ngephrothokholi ethile yokuhlanza. Engxoxweni ngo-27 Meyi 2021, uMitsotakis akazange anikeze impendulo ecacile yokuthi izinyathelo ezingenhla zizosuswa nini ehlobo. Wabhekisela emdlalweni wokuphakamisa ukulawula kodwa akazange akuchaze kabanzi. Uphinde walinganisela ukuthi ezokuvakasha ngo-2021 eGreece zizoba ngu-50% wamazinga atholakele ngo-2019. I-Greece yanikezwa i- "Global Champion Award for COVID-19 Crisis Management" yi-World Travel and Tourism Council, "ithusa" uhulumeni waseGreece "njengesibonelo somhlaba wonke sokuvulwa okuphephile komkhakha wezokuvakasha ngesikhathi sobhubhane". Waphinde wadunyiswa ngephasi yokugoma kamuva eyasetshenziswa emazweni amaningi e-European Union.
Inkululeko Yokunyathelisa
Ngaphansi kukaMitsotakis, iGrisi yehle enkululekweni yezindaba. Ubudlova obumelene nezintatheli buye bakhula, okuholele ekuwohlokeni kwenkululeko yaseGrisi yezindaba. Uhulumeni kaMitsotakis uye waqondisa izimali kumapulatifomu emithombo yezindaba akhiqiza ukusakazwa okuhle, kuyilapho enikela ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-€20 emithonjeni yezindaba evumelana nohulumeni ekuqaleni kwalolu bhadane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngoNovemba 2021, uhulumeni wamisa umthetho wokusakaza "izindaba ezingamanga". Lo mthetho unikeza iziphathimandla amandla okubopha abantu iminyaka emihlanu uma besakaza ulwazi olungamanga olubhekwa njengolukwazi ukubangela ukukhathazeka noma ukwesaba emphakathini noma ukululaza ukuzethemba komphakathi emnothweni kazwelonke, amandla okuzivikela wezwe, noma impilo yomphakathi. UMitsotakis uvumile ukuthi umthetho kungenzeka ukuthi wawuyiphutha, kodwa umthetho awuzange uguqulwe.
Ukushayisana kwesitimela
Ngo-28 February 2023, isitimela esithwala impahla nesitimela sabagibeli esihamba ngezinhlangothi eziphikisanayo phakathi kwe-Athens neThessaloniki zashaywa ngokungalindelekile emzileni ofanayo; abantu abangu-57 bafa ekushayisaneni okuqondile eduze kweTempi. Phakathi nentukuthelo ekhulayo kanye nokubhikisha ezweni lonke, uMitsotakis wanikeza "ukuxolisa obala egameni lalabo ababusa izwe eminyakeni edlule", wathatha umthwalo wemfanelo ngenhlekelele futhi wathembisa ukulungisa isimiso sesitimela esinganakiwe isikhathi eside. Wathi uhulumeni uzotshala imali engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-Euro angu-270 ukuqasha abasebenzi abengeziwe nokufaka izinhlelo zokulawula ezidijithali ngo-Agasti.
I-New Democracy yathola iningi lamavoti kodwa ayizange ithole iningi eliqondile. Njengoba kungekho uhulumeni wobumbano owakhiwa yinoma yiliphi lamaqembu afanelekile ukwenza kanjalo, uMitsotakis wabiza okunye ukhetho olusheshayo ngoJuni. Ngo-24 Meyi, njengoba kudingekile kumthethosisekelo waseGreece, uMongameli uSakellaropoulou wamisa U-Ioannis Sarmas ukuba abe undunankulu wesikhashana.
Ngemva kwenyanga waphinde wahola iqembu lakhe ukuba libe neningi okhethweni lwesishayamthetho saseGreece ngoJuni 2023 futhi wafungelwa njengondunankulu ethola umyalo wokwakha uhulumeni nguMongameli.
Isikhathi sesibili (2023-manje)
NgoJulayi 2023, uMitsotakis wamemezela ukuthi uhlose ukugunyaza Umshado wobulili obufanayo eGreece. Ngo-17 September, uMitsotakis wathi lolu daba luzokhulunywa ngalo eGreece kungakapheli iminyaka emine ezayo.
UMitsotakis walahla izenzo I-Hamas ngesikhathi sempi ye-Israel-Hamas ka-2023 futhi wazwakalisa ukusekela kwakhe i-Israel kanye nelungelo layo lokuzivikela.
UMitsotakis ungumfowabo omncane UDora Bakoyannis owayengUNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle futhi engUmphathi-dolobha wase-Athens, okwenza ukuthi abe ngumlamu kaPavlos Bakoyans ongasekho, owabulawa yiqembu lamaphekula ngo-17 November ngo-1989 futhi engumalume kaKostas Bakoyennis, owayengumbusi wesifunda waseCentral Greece futhi manje ongumphathi-Athens.
UMitsotakis ushade noMareva Grabowska, usomabhizinisi wokutshala imali onemvelaphi yaseBrithani, eGreece, ePoland naseGibhithe. Banabantwana abathathu, uSophia, uKonstantinos noDaphne.
Isihlahla somndeni wakwaVenizelos/Mitsotakis
Abantu baphilayo
Abazalwa nge-1968
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Umchazamncwebe yinzululwazi yomgcanso yokunqumela ukuhleleka kwamachwe ezinqumeleni zomncwebe. Umchazamncwebe uyisihloko esiyisiseko emikhakheni yenzululwazi yezithako nakumchazandalo wezimo ezijiyileyo. Igama elithi umchazamncwebe lisuselwa emazwini amabili wesizulu ("umchaza" elisho inqubo echazayo + nelithi "umncwebe" elisho isimo esincwamanzi). NgoNtulikazi wezi-2012, inhlangano yezizwe yaqaphela ukubaluleka kwenzululwazi yomchazamncwebe ngokumemezela ukuthi owezi-2014 kuzoba unyaka wamaZwe womHlaba woMchazamncwebe.
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I-MGM Resorts International iyinkampani yaseMelika yomhlaba wonke yokungenisa izihambi nezokuzijabulisa esebenza ezindaweni zokungcebeleka e-Las Vegas, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Maryland, Ohio, naseNew Jersey, okuhlanganisa iBellagio, iMandalay Bay, iMGM Grand, nePark MGM.
Le nkampani yaqala ukusebenza ngo-1987 njenge-MGM Grand, Inc. futhi yaba yi-MGM Mirage ngo-2000, ngemva kokuthola iMirage Resorts. Maphakathi nawo-2000s, ukukhula kwemali engenayo engadlali (indawo yokuhlala, ukudla, ukudayisa) kwaqala ukudlula amarisidi emidlalo kanye nesidingo samakhondomu aphakeme kakhulu sasikhuphuka, nezintengo zempahla emaphakathi e-Las Vegas ziphindwe kabili kunesilinganiso sikazwelonke. Le nkampani yasusa ukugxila kwayo ekubeni ngumnikazi kanye nasekusebenziseni izindawo zokungcebeleka kanye namakhasino ukuze ithuthukise kanye nokwakha izindlu ezithengiswayo embonini yezokungcebeleka neyokugembula—yethula iphrojekthi enkulukazi ye-CityCenter yokusebenzisa okuxubile, eyayingesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwayo umhlaba. indawo yokwakha enkulu kunazo zonke futhi ibalwa njengenye yemiklamo ebiza kakhulu yezindlu ezithengiswayo emlandweni. Ukuthuthuka kweCity Center kwaqondana nenkinga yezimali emhlabeni wonke, okubangele ukuthi kubhalwe phansi imali engaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-$1 ekulinganisweni kwayo.
Umtshali-zimali ongu-Billionaire u-Kirk Kerkorian kanye ne-Tracinda Corporation yakhe, kuze kube ngu-2009, babengabanikazi bamasheya abaningi be-MGM Mirage; UKerkorian wayengumnikazi wangaphambili wesitudiyo sefilimu iMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer, lapho iMGM Grand yathola khona igama laso. Kulandela ukunikezwa kwesitoko esingu-$1 billion yi-MGM Mirage phakathi nokushoda kwezikweletu emhlabeni wonke, amasheya kaTracinda ancishisiwe asuka kumaphesenti angama-53.8 aya kumaphesenti angama-39.[8][9] Ngomhla ziyi-15 kuJuni, 2010, abaninimasheya bavotela i-MGM Mirage ukuthi iguqule igama layo libe yi-"MGM Resorts International".
Ngo-2015, inkampani yahlukana yaba izingxenye ezimbili ezakha i-MGM Growth Properties, inkampani yezindlu, kwathi i-MGM Resorts yashintshela ezindaweni zokusebenza.
Umlando
Isendlalelo kanye nemisebenzi yokuqala (1969-1988)
Isizinda senkampani singalandelelwa kuze kufike ku-1969, lapho inkampani yezindiza kanye nenjinga yekhasino u-Kirk Kerkorian ethenga isiteki esilawulayo esiteshini sefilimu i-Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM). Ngo-1970 no-1971, u-Kerkorian wazabalaza nesikweletu ekuthengeni kwakhe i-MGM kanye ne-Western Airlines, futhi waphoqeleka ukuthi athengise iningi lenkampani yakhe yekhasino, i-International Leisure, ku-Hilton Hotels ngesaphulelo esiqinile. Lapho i-Las Vegas Hilton, ikhasino ayakhile, kamuva iba ihhotela eliphumelela kakhulu e-Las Vegas, u-Kerkorian wagqugquzelwa ukuba ahole isitudiyo embonini yokugembula. Yavula i-MGM Grand Hotel ne-Casino yokuqala (manje eyi-Horseshoe Las Vegas) ngo-1973. I-MGM Grand Reno yalandela ngo-1978.
Ngo-1979, amahhotela-casino amabili abala iningi lemali engenayo ye-MGM, futhi inkampani yamemezela uhlelo lokuzihlukanisa kabili. Ngonyaka olandelayo, isitudiyo sefilimu sashintshwa saba yinkampani entsha, kanti inkampani yokuqala, eyaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi yi-MGM Grand Hotels Inc., yagcina amahhotela-casino amabili. UKerkorian wayebambe iqhaza elingamaphesenti angu-47 kuzo zombili izinkampani.
Ngo-1985, u-Kerkorian waqala ukufuna umthengi we-MGM Grand Hotels, ukuze amvumele ukuthi agxile ekuqhubeni ama-United Artists nasekuthuthukiseni izindawo ezintsha ngaphansi kwegama le-MGM Grand. Kwafinyelelwa isivumelwano sokuthi iBally Manufacturing ithenge inkampani; isivumelwano savalwa ngo-April 1986, futhi amakhasino amabili aqanjwa kabusha ngaphansi komkhiqizo we-Bally. Imigomo yokuthengisa yavumela i-Kerkorian ukuthi igcine amalungelo egama le-MGM Grand, futhi kwamenyezelwa izinhlelo zokunikeza abanikazi bamasheya be-MGM Grand Hotels amasheya enkampanini entsha ezobamba amalungelo okuqamba.
Inkampani manje eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-MGM Resorts International yasungulwa ngo-1986 njenge-Grand Name Co. njengengxenye ye-Kerkorian's Tracinda Corporation. Yaqanjwa kabusha ngo-1987 ngokuthi i-MGM Grand, Inc.
Ibhizinisi lokuqala lale nkampani kwaba i-MGM Grand Air, inkampani yezindiza esezingeni eliphezulu enikeza insizakalo phakathi kweNew York neLos Angeles, eyethulwa ngoSepthemba 1987. Le nkampani futhi yenza isithembiso sokuthatha izintambo ze-Pan American World Airways eyayidonsa kanzima ngokwezimali, kodwa lesi sicelo sanqatshwa ibhodi le-Pan Am ngoNovemba 1987.
Ngo-August 1987, i-MGM Grand yabhida amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-152 ukuze ithole i-Dunes Hotel efile e-Las Vegas, kodwa yahlulwa usozigidi waseJapane uMasao Nangaku. [28] Esikhundleni salokho, inkampani yathola amakhasino e-Desert Inn kanye ne-Sands ngoFebhuwari 1988 ku-Summa Corporation ngamadola ayizigidi ezingu-167. I-Sands yathengiswa ku-Interface Group ka-Sheldon Adelson ngo-$110 million ngo-April 1989.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwekhasino kokuqala (1989-1999)
Ngo-September 1989, inkampani yamemezela izinhlelo zesakhiwo esinetimu yaseHollywood esingamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-700, kuhlanganise nehhotela elinamakamelo angu-4 000 kanye nepaki. Indawo yaseDesert Inn ekuqaleni ibithathwa njengendawo yephrojekthi, kodwa phakathi namasonto ambalwa indawo yaphothulwa njengeMarina Hotel neCasino kanye neTropicana Country Club, iMGM Grand eyayithola ngo-$93 million kanye ne-$30 million isitoko. Inkampani ibeke i-Desert Inn ukuze ithengiswe ukuze kugxilwe emizameni kuphrojekthi entsha, kodwa ayizange ithole abathengi bangaphandle, futhi yavuma ukuyidayisela i-Tracinda ngamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-130. Ukwakhiwa kwe-MGM Grand Las Vegas kanye nepaki yetimu ye-MGM Grand Adventures kwaqala ngo-Okthoba 1991, futhi indawo yavulwa ngoDisemba 1993 ngezindleko zokugcina zamaRandi ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane. Leli paki lavalwa unomphela ngo-2002 ngenxa yokuntula isithakazelo.
Le nkampani yathutha ikomkhulu layo lisuka e-Beverly Hills laya e-Las Vegas ngoJulayi 1992.
Ngesikhathi kwakhiwa i-MGM Grand, inkampani yathola inketho yokuthenga isiza esingamahektha ayi-18 ngaphesheya komgwaqo kusukela kuphrojekthi. U-Gary Primm we-Primadonna Resorts waya kumongameli we-MGM u-Bob Maxey ngo-1994 ngombono wesayithi: ikhasino edala kabusha isibhakabhaka saseNew York. Ibhizinisi elihlanganyelwe lasungulwa phakathi kwalezi zinkampani ezimbili, futhi ukwakhiwa kwaqala ngo-March 1995. Iqedwe ngenani lamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-460, iNew York-New York Hotel and Casino yavulwa ngo-January 1997.
Njengoba iNew York-New York isathuthukiswa, i-MGM Grand yenza izinyathelo zokunwebeka kwezinye izimakethe ezimbalwa. Isivumelwano sokuhlola sokuthuthukisa amakhasino amabili esiqhingini sase-China i-Hainan samenyezelwa ngo-Agasti 1994, kodwa sashabalala. E-Darwin, e-Australia, imakethe enemali eningi eheha amarola aphezulu avela emazweni ase-Pacific Rim, inkampani icabange ukwakha ihhotela, kodwa esikhundleni salokho yathenga i-Diamond Beach Hotel kanye ne-Casino, yayiqamba kabusha ngokuthi i-MGM Grand Darwin. I-MGM yamemezela izinhlelo zekhasino yase-Atlantic City ngoJulayi 1996. E-Michigan, lapho abavoti bagunyaza amakhasino ngoNovemba 1996, i-MGM yenza izinhlelo zebhidi kwelinye lamalayisense amathathu okudlala atholakalayo, okwakuzogcina kuvunywe futhi kuvulwe ngoJulayi 1999 njenge-MGM Grand Detroit.
ENingizimu Afrika, ngokugembula kwekhasino okusanda kugunyazwa, i-MGM yamemezela izinhlelo ngo-Agasti 1996 zokuthuthukisa izakhiwo eziyi-15 ngokuhlanganyela ne-Tsogo Sun. Eyokuqala, ikhasino yesikhashana e-Sundome eGoli, yavulwa ngo-Okthoba 1998. Kwalandela amanye amakhasino amathathu ngaphambi kokuthi i-MGM ivume ukudayisela i-Tsogo Sun inzalo yayo kule ndawo ngoNovemba 2001.
Kusukela kwaqalwa iNew York-New York, abahlaziyi babecabange ukuthi i-MGM Grand noma i-Primadonna izothenga isithakazelo somunye kulo msebenzi. Esikhundleni sokuthenga imali enjalo ebiza imali eningi, nokho, i-MGM yavuma ukuthenga i-Primadonna ngokuqondile ngamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-276 esitokweni kanye namaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-336 esikweletini esicatshangelwayo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwavalwa ngoMashi 1999, kunikeza i-MGM ubunikazi bamakhasino amathathu kanye nezifundo zegalofu ezimbili e-Nevada-California state line, ngaphezu kokulawula okugcwele kwe-New York-New York.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Mirage Resorts (2000)
NgoFebhruwari 2000, i-MGM Grand yenza isithembiso esingacelanga sika-$17 sesabelo sokuthenga i-Mirage Resorts, eyayingaphumeleli ngenxa yemiphumela edumazayo ezindaweni zayo zokungcebeleka ezintsha zase-Beau Rivage nase-Bellagio. Abahlaziyi babelindele impi eyathatha isikhathi eside, lapho umsunguli we-Mirage uSteve Wynn ebonwa njengongazimisele ukuyeka ukulawula kodwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi evela kubatshalizimali besikhungo. U-Mirage wenqaba lesi sicelo, kodwa u-Wynn wahlangana no-Kerkorian ngosuku olulandelayo futhi waqamba inani elingu-$21 ngesheya. Izinkampani zavumelana ngentengo ephakeme, ngesamba semali eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4.4 kanye namaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili ezikweletini ezicatshangwayo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwavalwa ngoMeyi 2000, kunikeza iMGM ubunikazi bekhasino iMirage, Treasure Island, Bellagio, Boardwalk, neGolden Nugget eLas Vegas, iGolden Nugget eLaughlin, kanye neBeau Rivage eMississippi, kanye nengxenye yengxenye eMonte Carlo. Inkampani yashintsha igama layo laba i-MGM Mirage ngo-August 2000. UMirage wayephinde waba nengxenye yengxenye ye-Borgata, amakhasino ahleliwe e-Atlantic City, ebhizinisini elihlanganyelwe eliphethwe yi-Boyd Gaming. Umsebenzi we-Borgata waqhubeka ngokushesha, futhi wawuzovulwa ngoJulayi 2003.
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I-Bellagio (/bəˈlɒʒi.oʊ/ bə-LAH-zhi-oh) iyihhotela, ihhotela eliwubukhazikhazi kanye nekhasino ku-Las Vegas Strip eParadise, Nevada. Iphethwe yiBlackstone Inc. futhi iqhutshwa yi-MGM Resorts International. UBellagio wakhulelwa umnikazi wekhasino uSteve Wynn, futhi wakhiwe endaweni yangaphambili yehhotela le-Dunes. Inkampani kaWynn, iMirage Resorts, yathenga iDunes ngo-1992. Kwamenyezelwa izinhlelo ngo-1994 zokuthi esikhundleni sayo kufakwe iBeau Rivage, indawo yokungcebeleka enezihloko zaseFrance. Kodwa-ke, u-Wynn washintsha amapulani ephrojekthi ngo-1995, esikhundleni salokho walibeka ngemuva kwedolobhana laseBellagio, eduze neLake Como. Indawo yokungcebeleka yaklanywa nguJon Jerde. Ukwakhiwa kwaqala ngoNovemba 1, 1995, uMarnell Corrao Associates njengosonkontileka ojwayelekile.
IBellagio yavulwa ngo-Okthoba 15, 1998, inamakamelo angu-3 005 embhoshongweni onezitezi ezingu-36. Yakhiwe ngezindleko zamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.6, kwakuyindawo yokungcebeleka ebiza kakhulu emhlabeni kuze kube yileso sikhathi. Imali engenayo yangaphambi kwesikhathi yayincane kunalokho obekulindelwe, futhi u-Wynn wasuka endaweni yokungcebeleka ngoMeyi 2000, lapho iMirage Resorts ihlanganiswa ne-MGM Grand Inc. Inzuzo yaba ngcono ngaphansi kobunikazi be-MGM Mirage esanda kwakhiwa (kamuva eyaba yi-MGM Resorts). Umbhoshongo wehhotela onezitezi ezingu-33, onamagumbi angu-928, wavulwa ngo-2004. I-MGM yayiphethe iBellagio kuze kube ngu-2019, lapho ithengisa indawo yokungcebeleka ku-Blackstone Inc. ngamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4.25.
IBellagio itholakala kumahektare angama-77 (31 ha). Kuhlanganisa 156,000 sq ft (14,500 m2) yekhasino kanye 3,933 amakamelo. Indawo ekhangayo yesiginesha yeresort yiFountains of Bellagio, umthombo wamanzi adansa ovumelaniswe nomculo. Wenziwa echibini elenziwe umuntu elingamahektha angu-8.5, eliphambi kwendawo yokungcebeleka. Okunye okukhangayo kufaka i-Bellagio Gallery of Fine Art, kanye nezingadi ze-conservatory kanye ne-botanical. Indawo yokwamukela izivakashi ihlanganisa u-Fiori di Como, umfanekiso oqoshiwe wengcweti yengilazi u-Dale Chihuly. Ungumfanekiso wengilazi omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni.
I-Bellagio inezindawo zokudlela eziningi, okuhlanganisa i-Le Cirque ne-Picasso, yokugcina ngompheki u-Julian Serrano. Abanye abapheki kule ndawo bahlanganise u-Todd English, uMichael Mina, uJean-Georges Vongerichten noWolfgang Puck. I-Bellagio ihlanganisa itiyetha yezihlalo ezingu-1,800 zokudlala kuka-O, umbukiso onetimu yamanzi ka-Cirque du Soleil. Le ndawo futhi inendawo yokuthengisa esezingeni eliphezulu eyethula izinhlobo eziningi zokunethezeka eLas Vegas, okubandakanya iChanel, Gucci, kanye nePrada.
Umlando
Isendlalelo kanye nentuthuko
Indawo ye-Bellagio ngaphambilini ibisetshenziswa i-Dunes hotel-casino, eyavulwa ngo-1955. Ngenkampani yakhe iMirage Resorts, umnikazi wekhasino uSteve Wynn wathenga iDunes ngoNovemba 1992, ngamaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-75. Wayehlose ukuyidiliza futhi akhe indawo entsha yokungcebeleka endaweni yayo. Umqondo wokuqala wawuwukwakha izakhiwo ezinhlanu noma eziyisithupha ezinamakamelo acishe abe ngu-500 lilinye, kanye nepaki elincane letimu. Njengoba i-Dunes ivala ngo-January 1993, u-Wynn wahlongoza ukuba kufakwe ichibi elenziwe umuntu ohlelweni lwakhe olusha lokushushuluza emanzini nokuntweza emoyeni. Nokho, izikhulu zesifunda zazingabaza ukuthi isici esinjalo singafakwa yini ngemva kokuphasiswa komthetho wamanzi wango-1990. Isazi sombuso sakuthola kungenakwenzeka ukuthi leli chibi libangele ukucwila okukhulu kwenhlabathi. Isifunda sashintsha lo mthetho ngoFebhuwari 1994, savumela u-Wynn ukuthi aqhubeke nechibi elenziwe umuntu, ngaphansi kombandela wokuthi uzohlonipha isimangalo sakhe sokuthi lizosebenzisa amanzi amancane kunenkundla yegalofu yangaphambili ye-Dunes.
Ngo-Okthoba 17, 1994, iMirage Resorts yamemezela izinhlelo zokwakha indawo yokungcebeleka enetimu yesiFulentshi iBeau Rivage emhlabeni, ngezindleko zamaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-700- $900. Lizobe lizungezwe ichibi elingamahektha angu-50 elinezivakashi ezingena ngamabhuloho ezinyawo. I-Mirage Resorts yamemezela ukuguqulwa kwegama ngoJulayi 1995, yathi indawo yokungcebeleka izoqanjwa ngokuthi iBellagio, ngegama ledolobhana laseBellagio, eLombardy enyakatho ye-Italy. Umklami wendawo yokungcebeleka, u-Jon Jerde, ubevakashele eLake Como. Ehlatshwe umxhwele ubuhle bayo, wakholisa uWynn ukuba azobona le ndawo. Ngenkathi besechibini nomngane u-Paul Anka, u-Wynn wabona idolobhana eliseduze lase-Bellagio, futhi wachitha ingxenye yosuku lapho. Izakhiwo zaleli dolobhana zase-Italy zakhuthaza u-Wynn ukuba alahle umsebenzi wokuklama wezinyanga ezingu-10 we-Beau Rivage ukuze avune indawo yokuphumula enetimu yase-Bellagio. UWynn kamuva wayezosebenzisa igama elithi Beau Rivage kwenye indawo yokungcebeleka e-Mississippi.
Iphrojekthi yaseLas Vegas yabuyekezwa futhi yehliswa. Phakathi kwezinguquko kwaba ukuncishiswa kobukhulu besici sechibi; I-Mirage Resorts inqume ukuthi izosebenzisa amanzi amaningi njengoba bekuhleliwe ekuqaleni. Umbhoshongo wehhotela, owawuhlelelwe ekuqaleni ezitezi ezingu-49, nawo wehliswa. Inqubo yokuklama nokuhlela yathatha ingqikithi yezinyanga ezingu-28, kusukela ngo-1993. UWynn wathi "asikho isidingo sokusheshisa le phrojekthi. Besifuna ukuyilungisa kahle". Inkampani kaJerde yokuklama yachitha iminyaka emine ihlanganisa iphrojekthi. Ithimba likaWynn lokuklama indlu, i-Atlandia Design, laliphethe ingaphakathi. Ngaphandle kwe-Dunes, indawo yokudlela ka-Denny nayo yabhidlizwa ukuze kuvulwa i-Bellagio.
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I-Venetian Macao (isiShayina: 澳門威尼斯人, isiPutukezi: Macau Veneziano) iyihhotela nekhasino yokungcebeleka eMacau, eChina ephethwe yinkampani yase-American Las Vegas Sands. Isakhiwo esinezitezi ezingu-39 ku-Macau's Cotai Strip sine-10,500,000-square-foot (980,000 m2) yendawo yaphansi, futhi silingwa endaweni yokuphumula engudadewabo yekhasino The Venetian Las Vegas. Iyikhasino yesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni, ihhotela elikhulu kunawo wonke elinesakhiwo esisodwa e-Asia, kanye nesakhiwo seshumi ngobukhulu emhlabeni ngendawo yaphansi.
Umbhoshongo omkhulu wehhotela waqedwa ngoJulayi 2007, futhi indawo yokungcebeleka yavulwa ngokusemthethweni ngomhla zingama-28 ku-Agasti 2007. Inama-suites angu-3,000, 1,200,000 sq ft (110,000 m2) wendawo yomhlangano, 1,600,000 sq ft (150,000 m2,000000 m2,000 wezindawo zokudayisa ezingu-50) izinyawo (51,000 m2) zesikhala sekhasino (enemishini yokugembula engu-3,400, amatafula okugembula angu-800), kanye ne-Cotai Arena enezihlalo ezingu-15,000 yokuzijabulisa nemicimbi yezemidlalo.
Abadwebi bayo abaphambili kwakungu-Aedas kanye ne-HKS, Inc., ababenomthwalo wemfanelo wokuklama, ukuxhumanisa nokusebenza kwayo.
Indawo
I-Venetian itholakala e-Macau's Cotai Strip, indawo ehlanganisa izindawo zokungcebeleka zezigidigidi eziyishumi nambili, ikhampasi yenyuvesi yangasese, kanye nekaniso ye-Macau ye-People's Liberation Army.
I-Venetian yakhiwe endaweni ebuyisiwe futhi isisekelo sayo sisekelwa izingqimba zikakhonkolo eziyi-1,530.
Izinsiza
Izakhiwo zaseVenetian zihlanganisa amagumbi amahhotela angu-3,000, izitolo zezitolo ezingu-300, umsele wasendlini, umtholampilo, indawo ye-spa, kanye nendawo yokuzivocavoca.
Casino
Ikhasino ikala 546,000 sq ft (50,700 m2). Iphinde ihlukaniswe yaba izindawo zokudlala ezinezihloko ezine:
Inhlanzi Yegolide
I-Imperial House
Udrako Obomvu
Phoenix
Ikhasino iqukethe imishini slot namatafula okugembula.
Ihhotela elinamathiselwe liqukethe iklabhu ebizwa ngokuthi i-Paiza Club ebekelwe izivakashi ezihamba phambili. Indawo yokudlala yePaiza Club ihlukaniswe ngamakamelo okudlala azimele ngalinye eliqanjwe amadolobha aphawulekayo ase-Asia nezifunda ezifana neYunnan, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Singapore kanye neKuala Lumpur.
Ezokuzijabulisa
I-Cotai Arena
I-Venetian inenkundla yezihlalo ezingu-15,000. Isetshenziselwa ukusingatha imisebenzi emikhulu yasendlini njengemicimbi yezemidlalo efana nebasketball, ithenisi, nesibhakela, kanye namakhonsathi nemibukiso yemiklomelo yethelevishini yamazwe ngamazwe. Imicimbi ibanjwa unyaka wonke.
I-Cotai Arena inamazinga angu-4:
Izinga Lomcimbi
Ingqungquthela Eyinhloko
I-Upper Concourse
I-VIP Level
Ezokuthutha
I-Venetian Macao ingaphakathi kwebanga lokuhamba ngezinyawo ukusuka e-Cotai West Station engxenyeni ye-Taipa ye-Macau Light Rapid Transit ehlinzeka nge-Cotai Strip kanye nendawo enkulu yase-Cotai.
I-Venetian futhi isebenzisa umkhumbi wamabhasi wangasese.
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UDaniel Brandon Bilzerian (owazalwa ngoDisemba 7, 1980) ungumdlali we-poker waseMelika, usomabhizinisi, kanye nomgqugquzeli wenkundla yezokuxhumana.
Isiqalo sokuphila
UDaniel Brandon Bilzerian wazalwa ngo Disemba 7, 1980, eTampa, eFlorida, indodana kachwepheshe bokuthatha izinkampani uPaul Bilzerian noTerri Steffen. Ungumfowabo womdlali we-poker u-Adam Bilzerian. Ungowozalo lwase-Armenia ngoyise.Uyise wayengumgangi webhizinisi ku-Wall Street owanikeza amadodana akhe womabili imali yokuthembela. UBilzerian uthi ufunde iminyaka emine eNyuvesi yaseFlorida, egxile kwezeBhizinisi kanye neCriminology, [umthombo ongathembekile?] kodwa wayeka ekolishi ukuze aphishekele umsebenzi we-poker okhokhelwayo.
Umsebenzi
I-poker
UBilzerian wadlala ku-World Series of Poker Main Event yango-2008, waqeda endaweni ye-180. Ngo-2010, wavotelwa omunye wabadlali be-poker abahlekisayo ku-Twitter ngumagazini i-Bluff. Ngo Novemba 2011, u-Bilzerian wayengomunye walabo abamangalelwe ifa likaBradley Ruderman mayelana nokuwina kwemidlalo ye-poker, okwakusolwa ukuthi ikhokhwe ngemali yohlelo lwe-Ponzi olungekho emthethweni.
Ngawo lowo nyaka, uBilzerian wavikela u-Alex Rodriguez obala ezimangaleleni zakhe zokuthi wayegembule ngokungemthetho, ethi wayekhona lapho kwenzeka isigameko sokugembula futhi uRodriguez wayengekho. NgoNovemba 2013, uBilzerian wathumela isimangalo esingaqinisekisiwe sokuthi uwine amaRandi ayizigidi eziyi-10.8 ngobusuku obubodwa bokudlala i-poker, kwathi ngo-2014 wathi uwine amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-50 unyaka wonke, wengeza ngokuthi “akasadlali ngokumelene nochwepheshe. futhi okuningi ake wamlahlekela ngeseshini eyodwa amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-3.6." UBilzerian uxoxe ngomsebenzi wakhe we-Poker ku-podcast kaJoe Rogan ku-YouTube.
Okhele
UBilzerian uphethe inkampani i-Ignite International Brands Ltd., edayisa ugwayi we-electronic, amafutha e-CBD, amabhodlela amanzi kanye ne-vodka, phakathi kweminye imikhiqizo. I-Ignite yinkampani yomphakathi, enekomkhulu e-Toronto, eCanada, eyaqala ukuhweba ngoJanuwari 2019 ngaphansi kwethekha ye-BILZF. Le nkampani kubikwa ukuthi ilahlekelwe ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-50 zamaRandi ngo-2019, ikakhulukazi ezindlekweni zokumaketha nezokuqashisa amahhovisi.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngenxa yokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa, kubikwa ukuthi uBilzerian wahlaselwa yinhliziyo kabili ngaphambi kokuba abe neminyaka engu-32.
Ngo-2014, u-Bilzerian wahlukanisa isikhathi sakhe phakathi kwamakhaya e-Hollywood Hills nase-Los Angeles (eCalifornia) nase-Las Vegas (Nevada) Wathuthela endaweni yase-Los Angeles yaseBel Air ngo-2018.
Ngo-August 28, 2018, u-Bilzerian wandizela e-Armenia nomfowabo u-Adam kanye nobaba u-Paul ukuze benze izifungo zabo zokuthola ubuzwe base-Armenia futhi bajoyine iButho Lezempi Lase-Armenia.
Ngalolo hambo wavakashela eRiphabhulikhi yase-Artsakh lapho avakashela khona indawo yokudubula, futhi wadubula izikhali lapho. Uhulumeni wase-Azerbaijan uthumele inothi lokubhikisha e-United States ngalezi zenzo ngenxa yesimo esiqhudelanayo se-Artssakh, futhi wabiza i-U.S. Chargé d'Affaires uWilliam Gill ukuthi athathe inothi elisemthethweni lombhikisho obhekiswe eMnyangweni Wezwe. Inkantolo yase-Baku yakhipha incwadi egunyaza ukuboshwa kuka-Bilzerian futhi yamfaka ohlwini lwabafunwa umhlaba wonke.[28] Ngemva kweminyaka emibili, u-Bilzerian namanye amalungu omndeni wakhe banikela ngo-$250,000 ku-Armenia Fund ukuze basekele i-Armenia ne-Artsak bebhekene ne-Azerbaijan phakathi nengxabano yaseNagorno-Karabakh yango-2020. Uphinde wamemezela ukuthi "wadumala kakhulu ngokuthi i-Azerbaijan inqume ukuhlasela abantu base-Armenia".
Ezombusazwe
ngoJuni 2015, u-Bilzerian wamemezela ibhidi lakhe lokungenela umongameli wase-United States okhethweni lwango-2016.
NgoZibandlela wezi-2015, u-Bilzerian wayencoma u-Donald Trump ngokungahlungi, ukubalekela ukulunga kwezombusazwe, kanye nokuba uchwepheshe wesibhamu.
Izindaba zomthetho
Ngo-2014, uBilzerian wamangalela abakhiqizi befilimu ethi Lone Survivor. Icala lakhe lathi utshale imali engu-$1 million efilimini ukuze athole okungenani imizuzu eyisishiyagalombili yesikhathi sesikrini namagama angu-80 ezingxoxo, kodwa indima yakhe kamuva yehliswa yaba ngaphansi komzuzu owodwa kanye nomugqa owodwa nje. Icala lakhe lalifuna amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-1,2—imali yokuqala ayitshalile kanye namaphesenti angu-20. Icala lahoxiswa kamuva, futhi kubikwa ukuthi i-Bilzerian yenza imali engu-$1.5 million ngenxa yempumelelo yezentengiselwano yale filimu.
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U-Alvin Clarence Thomas (Novemba 30, 1893 - Meyi 19, 1974) wayengumgembuli waseMelika, igalofu, kanye ne-hustler, owabulala amadoda amahlanu kodwa akazange abekwe icala lobugebengu, elaziwa kangcono nge-Titanic Thompson.
UThompson walihamba lonke izwe ebheja amakhadi, imidlalo yamadayisi, igalofu, ukudubula, amabhiliyade, izicathulo zamahhashi kanye nokubheja kweziphakamiso aziqambele yena. Njengomdlali wegalofu oyi-ambidextrous, umdlali wekhadi, umaka kanye noshaka we-pool, amakhono akhe nesithunzi sakhe kwaqhathaniswa no-"Merlin ngokwakhe". Umbhali u-Damon Runyon kusolakala ukuthi wasekela umlingisi u-Sky Masterson, iqhawe lomgembuli elithi "The Idyll of Miss Sarah Brown" (lapho kusekelwe khona iqembu lomculo elithi Guys and Dolls), kuThompson. Ngo-1928, u-Thompson wayehileleke emdlalweni we-poker ophakeme owaholela ekudutshulweni komphathi wobugebengu waseNew York City u-Arnold Rothstein, ngaleso sikhathi owawubizwa ngokuthi "ubugebengu bekhulunyaka". Ngonyaka olandelayo wethula ubufakazi ecaleni likaGeorge McManus, owayebekwe icala lokubulala uRothstein, kodwa kamuva wakhululwa.
Isiqalo sokuphila
UThomas wazalelwa eMonett, eMissouri, kodwa wakhulela epulazini elingamakhilomitha angama-50 ukuya eningizimu, eduze kwaseRogers, e-Arkansas, ezintabeni zase-Ozark. Unina waphinde washada ngemva kokushiywa ubaba kaThomas, naye owayengumgembuli. UThomas waqala ukwenza umsebenzi wakhe wokuzulazula, onemali eningi wokuzulazula emaphandleni aseningizimu-maphakathi ne-United States ngo-1908, eshiya ikhaya eneminyaka engu-16 ephethe idola elingaphansi kwedola elilodwa ephaketheni lakhe. Engakwazi ukufunda nokubhala ngokuphumelelayo, wayengena esikoleni ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi ezizwa engamukelekile ekhaya likayise ongamzali. UThomas wachitha isikhathi esiningi sobusha bakhe ethuthukisa amakhono ayezowasebenzisa kamuva, njengokudubula nokuqonda izinkinga emidlalweni yamakhadi ngokusebenzisana kwezandla emqhudelwaneni webanga elide.
Umbutho wezempi
UThomas wabuthwa ebuthweni ekuqaleni kuka-1918, ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemva kokuba i-United States ingene eMpini Yezwe I. Ngemva kokuqeqeshwa okuyisisekelo, lapho aphumelela khona, wakhushulelwa esikhundleni sikasayitsheni. UThomas wahlala eceleni, waqeqesha abasebasha, futhi akazange ayibone inkonzo yaphesheya noma impi ngaphambi kokuphela kwempi ngoNovemba 1918, lapho ekhululwa. UThomas wabuye wafundisa amakhono okugembula kwabaningi babaqeqeshwayo, wabe eseqhubeka nokuwina imali eningi kubo. Waqeda impi ngemali engaphezu kuka-$50,000, futhi wasebenzisa ingxenye enkulu yale mali ukuze athengele unina umuzi eMonett, eMissouri, lapho azalelwa khona.
Isitayela sokugembula nokubhejwa okuyintandokazi
Kamuva, lapho uThompson esecijile amakhono akhe, waba "umgembuli wasemgwaqweni", umgijimi ohambahambayo owaba yinganekwane eyimfihlo ngokuwina ngazo zonke izinhlobo zeziphakamiso, eziningi zazo ezinobuqili uma zingekho umkhonyovu. Phakathi kwezinto ayezikhonzile yilezi: ukubheja ukuthi angaphonsa inqolobane phezu kwebhilidi (wake walinganisa igobolondo eligobile ngomthofu ngaphambili), ephonsa ukhiye wegumbi elikhulu kukhiye walo, futhi ehambisa uphawu lomgwaqo ngaphambi kokubheja ukuthi ibanga elisohlwini lokuya edolobheni. ibinephutha. U-Thompson wake wabheja ukuthi angakwazi ukushayela ibhola legalofu amayadi angu-500, esebenzisa iklabhu ene-hickory-shafted, ngesikhathi lapho ukushayela komdlali ochwepheshe kwakungaphezu kwamayadi angu-200. Wanqoba ngokulinda kuze kube ubusika futhi eshayela ibhola echibini elineqhwa, lapho lagxuma ladlula ibanga elidingekayo eqhweni.
Abalingani bakaThompson "kumdlalo wokuphithizela" bahlanganisa nomdlali we-pool u-Minnesota Fats, owayebheka i-Titanic njengengcweti, "indoda yesenzo enkulu kunazo zonke ezake zaba khona".
Ubuthakathaka obubodwa bukaThompson, njengoba avuma, kwakuwukubheja emjahweni wamahhashi, lapho alahlekelwa khona izigidi zamaRandi phakathi nokuphila kwakhe ekubhejelweni okuhlulekile.
Umpetha wegalofu
Ebusiswe ngokubona okumangalisayo nokusebenzisana neso lesandla, wayengumsubathi onekhono, i-crack shot kanye nomgadli wegalofu owayekwazi ukuphenduka uchwepheshe. Ekhuliswe endaweni empofu ekude nenkundla yegalofu ekhethekile, uThomas akazange alithathele phezulu igalofu waze waba neminyaka engamashumi amathathu ubudala, kodwa wathuthuka ngokushesha ngesikhathi esenwetshiwe eSan Francisco, lapho athatha khona izifundo kochwepheshe bekilabhu futhi wacija amakhono akhe. Kusukela lapho wadlala izikhathi eziningana ngesonto eminyakeni engu-20 eyalandela. Esikhathini lapho abadlali begalofu abaphambili bengaba nenhlanhla yokwenza u-$30,000 ngonyaka, uThomas (owathi ngemva kokubhala kabi ephephandabeni laseNew York, wavumela abantu ukuthi bacabange ukuthi igama lakhe kwakunguThompson) angenza lokho ngeviki ephithizela abadlali bamaqembu acebile. . Ebuzwa ukuthi uyoke aphenduke yini uchwepheshe, uphendule wathi, “Angikwazanga ukukhokhela iholo elincishisiwe.” Umdlali wegalofu we-Hall of Fame u-Ben Hogan, owahamba naye ekuqaleni kwawo-1930 ngemidlalo yemali, kamuva wabiza i-Titanic ngomdubuli ongcono kakhulu ake wambona. "Angakwazi ukudlala kwesokudla noma kwesokunxele, awukwazi ukumehlula", kusho uHogan. Omunye umshikashika wakhe kwakuwukushaya igalofu edlala kwesokudla, bese enikela ngokuphindwe kabili noma lutho ukudlala inkambo futhi ngesandla sobunxele njengemvume esobala. Into eyodwa owayephikisana naye ngokuvamile ayengayazi ukuthi uTomas wayeyinxele ngokwemvelo. Ubuhlakani bukaThomas babusekutholeni izingqinamba cishe kunoma yisiphi isiphakamiso nokubheja kakhulu ngaleyo ndlela. Kwakudingeka futhi enze ngaphansi kwengcindezi, futhi ngokuvamile wayekwenza.
Imishado nomndeni
Eshade izikhathi ezinhlanu, uThompson wazala izingane ezintathu, zonke zabafana, zinamakhosikazi amathathu ahlukene. Ubebuye exhunywe kwezothando nabesifazane abaningi. Phakathi kwabalingisi bakhe okusolwa ukuthi bazame kwakungababalingisi uMyrna Loy noJean Harlow. Ngokuvamile washada nowesifazane osemusha, wahlala naye izinyanga ezimbalwa, wabe esebuyela endleleni yakhe ematasatasa, kuyilapho eshiyela umkakhe owayesanda kudivosa indlu ethokomele kanye nokusekelwa ngokwezimali.
Umdlalo we-Trevino vs. Floyd
Ngeminyaka yawo-1960, uThompson wazinza eDallas futhi, nakuba ayesesondela eminyakeni engu-70 ubudala, wagcina izinga elihle legalofu, nemidlalo evame ukuphithizela eTenison Park, inkundla yegalofu kamasipala, kanye nase-posh Glen Lakes Country Club. Maphakathi neshumi leminyaka, u-Thompson waxhasa u-Raymond Floyd osemncane, ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe we-PGA Tour kodwa owayesevele ewinile, emdlalweni wemali eshisiwe no-Lee Trevino, ngaleso sikhathi owayengumsizi ongaziwa, e-El Paso, esifundweni sasekhaya sika-Trevino. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu zokudlala, ukuhlonishwa nokubheja bekulingana, abadlali bobabili bengaphansi komzuliswano ngamunye. UTrevino wazuza ukuzethemba kulo mdlalo, futhi phakathi neminyaka embalwa waba isihlabani sokuvakasha ngokwakhe, kuyilapho umsebenzi ka-Floyd wakhuphuka.
Eminyakeni yakamuva
U-Thompson wahlonishwa ku-World Series of Poker yokuqala e-Las Vegas, Nevada, ngo-1970. Wahlala iminyaka yakhe yokugcina ekhaya lasebekhulile eduze kwase-Dallas. UThompson wayethathe uhambo lokugembula nendodana endala uTommy iminyaka eminingi, kodwa ngemva kokufa kukayise, uTommy, naye owayenekhono, owayengumdlali wokugembula ophumelelayo, wayeka ukugembula ngenxa yenkonzo yesonto futhi kamuva weluleka iziboshwa, eshumayela ukuze enze abanye bangahambi. kusukela ekugembuleni.
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