Obuwakatirwa
Mu lupapula luno, OBUWAKATIRWA,obwogerwako mu Lungereza nga verb extensions. Obuwakatrirwa, era ng'ekigambo bwe kiri, bwe butundutundu bw'ebigambo obwongerwa ku komerero y'ebikolwa okugaziya amakulu gaakyo.
Buli kawakatirwa akayungibwa ku kikolo ky’ekikolwa kalina amakulu ag’enjawulo ge kawa. Mu Luganda tulina obuwakatirwa mwenda (9) era tugenda kubwogerako wammanga kamu ku kamu.
AKAWAKATIRWA AKALAZI[kyusa | edit source]
Prepositional verb form
Bwe tuba tuwandiika akawakatiwa kano ku kikolwa tuyungako akatundu ku nkomerero y’ekigambo era akatundu ke tuyungako kali -era oba -ira, nga ke kakola ng’akawakatirwa akalazi.
Eby’okulabirako:
Amakulu g'akawakatirwa akalazi[kyusa | edit source]
1. Amakulu agasooka kaba kalaga ekifo ekikolwa wekikolerwa
Eby’okulabirako:
- Taata asomera Mukono.
- Ebifaananyi abikubira mengo.
- Mayanja atungira Kiryagonja.
2. Amakulu agookubiri gali nti kaba kalaga nti omuntu alina gw’ayamba eyandikoze ekikolwa ekyo.
Eby’okulabirako:
- Ndeetera ebbinika eyo.
- Nsomera ebbaluwa yange.
- Twalira kitaawo abbaluwa
3. Amakulu agookusatu geego agalaga lwaki ekikolwa ekyo kikolebwa omuntu abeera akikola. Eby’okulabirako:
- Mukasa alimira mpeera.
- Kwolwo yazannyira nsimbi.
- Taata akolera mpeera.
Amateeka agafuga ennyunga y’akawakatirwa akalazi Gali abiri: 1. Singa empeerezi y’ennyingo esooka ku kikolo eba a, i oba u, akawakatirwa akayungibwako kalina kuba -ira. 2. Singa empeerezi y’ennyingo esooksa ku kikolo eba o, e, akawakatirwa akayungibwako kalina kuba -era.
AKAWAKATIRWA AKALAZI AKADDINGA’NA[kyusa | edit source]
Double preposition verb form
Bwe tuba tuwandiika ekikolwa ekirimu akawakatirwa kano, ku kikolo tuyungako -erera oba –irira. Eby’okulabirako:
Amakulu g’akawakatirwa akalazi akaddinga’na[kyusa | edit source]
1. Ng’erinnya ly’akawakatirwa bwe tulirabye nti lwa kuddingana era n’amakulu agasooka gali nti kaba kalaga okudding'ana ekikolwa gamba nga kaabirira, temerera n’ebirala, era nga kinokiba kitegeeza nti omuntu ekikolwa akikola buli kiseera.
2. Amakulu amalala gaba gakulaga nsonga ate nga galaga n’ekintu akola ekikolwa ekyo ky'aluubirira gamba nga; somerera, kino kiyinza okuwa amakulu gano:
- Mukasa asomerera kugenda Bulaaya. (nsonga)
- Mukasa asomerea ddiguli ya busawo. (ekiluubirirwa)
Amateeka agafuga empandiika y’akawakatirwa akaddingana:
- Singa akawakatirwa akalazi akaddingana kaba -ira, olwo akawakatirwa akalazi akaddingana kaba –irira.
- Singa akawakatirwa akalazi kaba –era akawakatirwa akalazi akaddingana kaba –erera.
AKAWAKATIRWA KANAALUZAALA[kyusa | edit source]
Causative verb form
Buli lwe tuwandiika ekikolwa ekirimu akawakatirwa ka kanaaluzaala, ku kikolo tuyungako enyingo zino; -za, -sa, -isa, -esa ne –ya.
Eby’okulabirako:
Amakulu ga kanaaluzaala[kyusa | edit source]
Kanaaluzaala bw'ekozesebwa mu kikolwa esobola okuwa amakulu ga mirundi esatu’, okugeza: Amakulu agasooka gayinza okulaga omuntu aleetera ekikolwa ekyo okukolebwa era y’ensonga lwaki tukayita kanaaluzaala. Eby’okulabirako
- Londesa / lonza abaana ebisaaniko.
- Sombesa/ sombya abaana emiti egyo.
- Lundisa / lunza abaana ente ezo.
ii) Amakulu agookubiri gaba galaga ekintu ekikozesebwa mu kukola ekikolwa ekiba kikolebwa.
Eby’okulabirako
- Ayigirizisa bifaanayi.
- Tutemesa mbazzi.
- Alimisa nkumbi.
- Alumya mannyo.
iii) Kaba kalaga ensonga lwaki ekikolwa kikolebwa, okugea:
- Kiki ekikuyimbisa ennyimba ezo?
- Ekikulimisa mu lutobazi kiki?
Amateeka agafuga empandiika y’akawakatirwa kano. 1. Ekikolwa bwe kiba nga kisembyayo ennyingo –ra oba –ja ne –ga, ennyingo ezo tuyinza okuziggyawo ne tuteekawo ennyingo-za eraga akawakatirwa kanaaluzaala. Eby’okulabirako: -ra, -ja, -ga =(za)
Ekikolwa Kanaaluzaala Laga Laza Londa Lonza Twala Twaza Bajja Bazze Beera Beeza
2. Ate ennyingo esembayo bw'eba –ka oba –ta olwo ennyingo eyo tugiggyawo ne tuteekawo sa. Eby’okulabirako -ka, -ta =(sa)
AKAWAKATIRWA AKASOBOKA[kyusa | edit source]
Capable verb form
Akawakatirwa kano tukawandiika nga tulaga nti ekikolwa kisoboka okukolebwa oyo aba ayagala okukikola. Bwe tuba tuwandiika akawakatirwa kano ku nkomerero y’ekigambo tuteekayo ennyingo zino; -ika, -eka, -ezeka oba –izika.
Eby’okulabirako Ekikolwa Akawakatirwa akasoboka Kola Koleka Sala Salika Kuma Kumika Beera Beereka Toola Tooleka Wola Woleka Soma Someka
Eby’okulabirako mu mboozi
- Ogw’obusawo mulimu gukoleka
- Ku kibuga tekubeereka
- Si wawanvu era wabuukika
- Ebigambo by’awandiise bisomeka.
Weetegereze: ate singa tuba tukozesa akawakatirwa akasoboka ak’ennyingo –izika ne –ezeka ku kikolo ky’ekikolwa tukayungako bwe tuti: Ekikolwa Akasoboka (-izika ne –ezeka) Wonya Wonyezeka Nyumya Nyumizika Noonya Noonyezeka
Eby’okulabirako:
- Obulwadde bw’ensimbu buwonyezeka.
- Emboozi z’okusoma zinyumizika.
Amateeka agafuga enkozesa y’akawakatirwa akasoboka. Bwe tuba tuyunga akawakatirwa akasoboka ku kikolwa ennukuta esemba ku kikolo tusooka kugiggyawo ne tulyoka tuyungako akawakatirwa. Eby’okulabirako: Som(a) = eka – someka
Amateeka g'akawakatirwa akasoboka[kyusa | edit source]
- Ennyingo esooka ku kikolo ky'ekikolwa bw'eba a, u oba i ku kikolwa tuyungako akawakatirwa –ika.
- Ennyingo esooka ku kikolo ky'kikolwa bw'eba o oba a ku kikolwa tuyungako akawakatirwa –eka.
AKAWAKATIRWA KYESIRIKIDDE[kyusa | edit source]
Passive verb forms
Bulijjo bwe tuba twagala okuwandiika sentensi naye nga essira tuliteeka ku kikolwa, sentensi eyo, tugiteeka mu kyesirikidde passive form. Wabula ekitundu ekikyuka kiba kikolwa. Ekikolwa tukiteeka mu kyesirikidde nga tuggyawo ennukuta eya “a” esemba ku kikolwa olwo ne tuyungako ennyingo zino; -ibwa, -ebwa, -ibbwa, -iddwa, -wa, -ebbwa.
Eby’okulabirako: Ekikolwa Kyesirikidde Sala Salibwa/salwa Lima Limibwa/ limwa Soma Somebwa/ somwa Loopa Loopebwa/loopwa Samba Simbibwa /simbwa Siba Sibibwa/sibwa
Eby’okulabirako
- Omupiira guzannyibwa
- Bino bikolebwa ani?
- Sukaali asimbibwa lwakasota.
- Ebitabo byasomebwa bulungi.
Amateeka agafuga empandiika ya kyesirikidde[kyusa | edit source]
Bulijjo ennyingo esemba ku kikolwa bw'eba n’empeerezi a, i oba u tuyungako akawakatirwa –ibwa, wabula ebiseera ebisinga ebigambo ebirina ensirifu ebbiri naye nga birina empeerezi emu “nnannyingo emu” bitera kuyungibwako kawakatirwa “-ibwa”. Eby’okulabirako Ekikolwa Kyesirikidde Bba bbibwa Ggya Ggyibwa Tta Ttibwa
Naye ate Nnannyingo emu bw'eba n’ensirifu emu ebiseera ebisinga eba n’akawakatirwa “-ebwa” Okugeza; Wa----weebwa Ta-----teebwa Sa-----seebwa
Weetegereze:
Singa kyesirikidde eba ewandiikibwa mu kiseera ekyayise naye nga tekiussa ssaawa abiri mu nnya (24) emabega ekikolwa ekiba kiwandiikibwa tukiyungako –eddwa, -bbwa oba –ebbwa.
Eby’okulabirako:
Ekikolwa Kyesirikidde Kola Koleddwa/kolebwa Simba Simbiddwa/simbibwa Teeka Teekeddwa/teekebwa Manya Manyiddwa/manyibwa Saba Sabiddwa/sabibwa
Ekibuuzo: Wandiika sentensi ttaano nga zirimu Nnakamwantette ozizze mu kyesirikidde. Nnakamwantette Kyesirikidde Abaana basoma bitabo Bisomebwa Omusajja atemye omuti gutemeddwa Musoke alonze ensimbi zirondeddwa Basiimuula nnyumba esiimuulibwa Asamba mupiira gusambibwa
AKAWAKATIRWA AKAJJULUZI / AKADDANNYUMA[kyusa | edit source]
Reversive verb form
Akawakatirwa akajjuluzi kakozesebwa nga kalaga ekikolwa ekikoleddwa kyetaaga okujjulula kidde nga bwekibadde nga tekinnakolebwa.
Ekikolwa ekirimu akawakatirwa akajjuluzi ku nkomerero yaakyo kayungibwako ennyingo –ulula, -ula, oba –ukuka, era bwe tuba tuyunga ku kikolwa akamu ku buwakatirwa obwo ennukuta “a” esemba ku kikolwa eggyibwawo olwo ne tulyoka tuyungako akawakatirwa.
Eby’okulabirako: Ekikolwa Akawawakatirwa akajjuluzi Samba Simbula/simbulula Timba Timbula/timbulula Ggala Ggula Wandiika wanduukulula Vvuunika Vvuunula
Eby’okulabirako
- Musisi baamuwanduukulula mu kitabo ky’ekika ky’emmamba.
- Nakato simbula emmotoka eyo.
Weetegereze
Waliwo ebigambo aboogezi n’abawandiisi bye bakozesa mu bukyamu nga bataddeko akawakatirwa akajjuluzi nga bitegeeza ekintu kirala nnyo gamba nga: Ddaabiriza ddaabulula Tamiira tamiirukuka Nyaga nyagulula
Ebigambo ebyo bisaana okwegendereza.
Wabula waliwo ebikolwa ebirala ebikyuka nga twetaaga kifuulannenge waabyo “opposite” olwo nno ne bikola akawakatirwa akajjuluzi. Eby’okulabirako Siba sumulula Tugga taggulula Saaniika jjula
AKAWAKATIRWA AKADDIŊŊANA[kyusa | edit source]
Repeative verb form
Ng’erinnya bwe lyogera, akawakatirwa kano kalaga okudding’ana kw’ekikolwa. Mu mboozi ekikolwa kye nnyini kye tuddamu okuwandiika. Eby’okulabirako: Ekikolwa Akawakatirwa akadding’ana Tema tematema Soma Somasoma Kuba Kubakuba Vuma vumavuma Siba Sibasiba
Ebyokulabirako mu mboozi
- Mwana wattu tematema emiti egyo.
- Si kirungi kugenda ng’ovumavuma buli muntu.
- Ebintu bisibesibe mu bwangu tuve wano.
Amakulu g’akawakatirwa kano ng’oggyeeko ag’okudding’ana ekikolwa gali nti, omuntuakola ekikolwa ekyo amala geekolers era tekinyirira bulungi.
AKAWAKATIRWA AKAKOLAGANYI[kyusa | edit source]
Reciprocal verb form
Akawakatirwa kano kawandiikibwa okulaga nti waliwo liiso ku liiso wakati w’abantu babiri oba abasukka ababiri nga buli omu akola munne ekintu kye kimu. Buli lwe tuba tuwandiika ekikolwa ekirimu okukolagana ku kikolwa tuyungako akawakatirwa -ŋŋana oba –gana ku nkomerero yaakyo.
Eby’okulabirako Ekikolwa Akawakatirwa akaddiŋŋana Tta ttiŋŋana Bba bbiŋŋana Tya tyaŋŋana Dda ddiŋŋana
Weetegereze Ebikolwa byonna ebirina ennyingo emu “monosyllable” tubiyungako akawakatirwa –gana. Okugeza; Ekikolwa Akawakatirwa akakolaganyi Kyawa kyawagana Siba Sibagana Tema Temagana Kuba Kubagana
Wabula ebikolwa ebirina ennyingo esukka mu emu naye nga bisembyayo ennyingo “ga” ebyo byo tubiyungako akawakatirwa -ŋŋana.
Eby’okulabirako Laga lagaŋŋana Loga logaŋŋana
AKAWAKATIRWA AKEEKOLAKO[kyusa | edit source]
Reflective verb form Akawakatirwa kano kakyuka ku bulala kubanga ko kayungibwa mu kikolw amunda ate era kalagibwa na nnukuta mpeerezi “ee”. Buli lwe kawaniikibwa kaba kalaga nti ekikolwa omuntub akikola akyekolako ye kennyini.
Wabula nolumu akawakatirwa kano mu mpandiika kayinza obutalaga nnukuta ezo zombie empeerezi bnaye era munda mu njatula zibaamunaye olw’amateeka agafuga empandiika y’Oluganda entongole ennukuta emu evaawo.
Bino wammanga bye bimu ku bigambo ebirimu akawakatirwa akeekolako:
- Yeeraga
- Nneeraba
- Beesiima
- Keesoma
Wabula ebigambo ebirala bisobola okubaamu akawakatirwa kano “akeekolako” naye nga empeerezi ebbiri tezikozeseddwa ne tukozesa empeerezi emu nga bino;
- Mwesoma
- Lwekuba
- Mweyimba
References[kyusa | edit source]
- Ashton, Ethel O. (1954) Luganda grammar.London, New York, Longmans, Green.
- Kyagaba, Dan. (2003). Grammar w'Oluganda omusengejje.
- Walusimbi, Livingstone. Oluganda lwa Yunivaasite. Makerere University.
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