Okusaba katonda nga tuyita mubaagalwaabe kiri mubintu ebimanyiddwa eri abasiramu bonna munsi yonna. Era hadith weeziri eziwerako eziraga okukkirizibwa kwatawassul nobulungi bwaayo. Sikintu kipya ekyazuukawo obuzuusi wabula nsonga yaamuddiini abasiramu baagitegeera okuviiraddala kuntandikwa yobusiramu nokutuusa olwaleero era tosanga musiraamu yenna nga agirinamu okutamwa.
Era mubuwanvu bwebbanga eryebyaasa ekkumi n’ebina, teri n’omu eyagitamwa okujjako Ibn Taimiyya nomuyiziwe mukyaasa ekyomunaana okuva mumasenguka gomubaka(s.a.w).
N’oluvanyuma olwebyaasa bibiri, Muhammad bn Abdul Wahaab weyajjira naagamba nti “Tawassul” – okusaba katonda nga tuyita mubaagalwaabe – kizuusi muddiini era kubeera kwesinza baagalwa bakatonda.
Tewali kubuusabuusa, okwesinza ekitali katonda, kibeera Shirik era kiri haraam, naye ate ekigendererwa kyaaffe mukiseera kino, sikyakunoonyereza kukwesinza namakulu gaakwo nabukakafu bwaakwo kubanga okunoonyereza ebikwaata kukwesinza nsonga nkulu nyo nga bwetugenda okukwogerako mubutongole mukitunda ekirala ekyeyawulidde. Kati okunoonyereza kwaaffe kuli kutawassulu – okuSaba katonda nga tuyita mubaagalwa bakatonda. Era tugamba:
Tawassulu naabagalwa bakatonda erimungeri bbiri:
1- Okusaba nga tuyita mubaagalwa bakatonda bbo benyini, nga bwetuyinza okugamba: “Ai katonda, mazima nze nkusaba ommalire ekyetaago kyange nga mpita muNabbiwo Muhamad (s.a.w)”.
2- Okusaba nga tuyita mukifo kyaabagalwa bakatonda nekitiibwa kyaabwe, nga bwetuyinza okugamba “Ai katonda, mazima nze nkusaba ommalire ekyetaago kyange olwekitiibwa kya Muhamad Neemizizogye nobukakafubwe”.
Kyokka Abawahaab bbo, baziyiza engeri ezo zombiriri awamu nokubeera nga hadith nenkola y’abasiramu bikakasa Abawahaab kyebatakkiriza era nebikakasa okukkirizibwa okwengeri ezo zombiriri.
Kati, katunyonyole ezimu kuhadith, noluvanyuma tunyonyole ebyafaayo by’abasiramu nenkola yaabwe, tulyoke tukakkanye ekigambo ky’omwogezi ekigamba nti Tawassulu eri haraam era yazuulibwaawo buzuulibwa – bidi-a.
Mazima hadith eziraga okukkirizibwa kwatawassul nyinji nyo era zisangibwa mubitabo bya Tarekh ne Hadith. Zino z’ezimu, muzo, nga ebyokulabirako:
1- Okuva ku Uthman bn Hunaif, yagamba:
“Mazima omusajja yajja ewaNabbi (s.a.w) nga alina obuzibu, n’amugamba: Saba katonda amponye. Nabbi (s.a.w) n’amugamba: bw’oba oyagadde nkusabira, bw’oba oyagadde okugumiikiriza, nakyo kirungi. Naagamba: musabe. Nabbi (s.a.w) n’amulagira okufuna wudhu era agirongoose bulungi, asaale eraaka bbiri, noluvanyuma, asabe nedua eno: “Ai katonda, mazima nkusaba era njolekera jooli ne Nabbiwo, Nabbi owokusaasira, owange ggwe Muhamad, mazima njolekera eri omulezi wange nga mpita muggwe olwokumalibwa kwekyetaago kyange. Ai katonda mufuule omuwolereza wange”.
Ibn Hunaif yagamba:
Ndayidde katonda, tetwayawukana netumala ekiseera nga tukyanyumya, okutuusa bweyajja jetuli nga alinga atabaddeeko bukosefu bwonna.”
Obutuufu bwensibuko ya hadith, tebuliiko kigambo kyonna kubanga kabaka wabawahaab – Ibn Taimiyyah – yagitwaala nga ntuufu era naagamba nti eyagendererwa mu “Abi Ja-afar” – asangibwa muhadith – ye Abu Ja-afar Alkhatwime, era nga ali muebeesigibwa.([1])
Arrafa - e – omuwandiisi wabawahaab oweekiseera kino, oyo atasanga hadith yonna ekwaata kutawassulu okujjako nga aginafuya – agamba kuhadith eyo:
“Tewali kubuusabuusa, mazima hadith eyo ntuufu era njatiikirivu, era kyakakata muyo – nga temuli kubuusabuusa – nti muzibe yaddizibwa okulabakwe olwedua eyomubaka wakatonda(s.a.w).([2])
Era agamba:
“Mazima Nasa-e, Baihaqe, Twabrane, Tarimadhi ne Alhaakim mu ‘mustadirak’, bonna bayogera hadith eyo, naye Tarimadhi ne Alhaakim baagamba: “Ai katonda, mufuule omuwolerezaawe” mukifo eky’ekyo ekyayogerwa muhadith”. ([3])
Ziini Dahlaan – mufti oweemakka – agamba:
“AlBuhar, Ibn Majah, AlHaakim mu”mustadirak” ne Jalaal Ddini mu”Jaami-e” baayogera hadith eyo nensibuko zaayo”. Naffe, katwoogere hadith eyo okuva mubitabo bino ebijja:
(i) Sunan Ibn Majah: omujalad ogusooka, pg 441, number yahadith 1385, muhaqqiq: Muhamad Fu-al Abdul Baaq, kyasasaayizibwa: Daar Ihiya-el kutubil Arabia.
Era Ibn Majah yagamba okuva ku Abi Isihaq: “Hadith eyo ntuufu”.
Era yagamba:
“Mazima Tarimadhi yajoogera mukitabo “Abuwaabul Adi-eya” naagamba: “Hadith eyo, Y’amazima, ntuufu, ya’mwogezi omu”.
(ii) Musnad Ahmad bn Hambal, omujalad ogwokuna, pg 138, okuva ku musnad Uthman bn Hunaif, tab-ul maktabil Islami, Mu-assasat Daar Swaadr / Beirut. Hdith eyo yayogerwa mumakubo asatu.
(iii) Mustadirak Swahihain ekya Haakim Naisabuure, omujalad ogusooka, pg. 313, print Haidar Abood / Hindi. Oluvanyuma olwokwogera hadith, yagamba: “Hadith eyo ntuufu okusinziira kukalombolombo bwabamasheikh ababiri, naye tebagifulumya”.
(iv) Aljaami-u swagiir ekya Suyute, pg. 59, okuva ku Tarimadh ne Haakim.
(v) Talkhiisul Mustadrak, ekya Dhahabe – eyafa mu 748H – kyaakubibwa okuva mubigambo ebinyonyola Mustadrak.
(vi) Taajul Jaami-e, omujalad ogusooka, pg. 286 – ekitabo ekyo kirimu Hadith ezomubitabo ebituufu ebitaano (swihaah) – okujjako Swahih ya Ibn Majah.
Oluvanyuma lw’ebyo, ate kiba tekyetaagisa kunonyereza kukkubo lyahadith oba okugiteekako akamogo.
Ate ebikwaata kukigendererwa kyahadith, kyo kyangu kyakutegeera era hadith eyo, bw’oba agiwadde omuntu ategeera olulimi oluwarabu obulungi nga nebirowoozo by’alina tebiriiko bukyaamu, era nga taliimu kuwakanawakana okwabawahaab nendowooza gyebalina enkyaamu kutawassul, oluvanyuma n’omubuuza Nabbi (s.a.w) kyeyalagira muzibe mudua jeyamuyigiriza, okwanukulakwe – ate mubwangu – kujja kubeera nti: Mazima Nabbi yamuyigiriza ngeriki jayinza okusaba katonda nga ayitira muNabbiwe Nabbi owokusasira amuwolereze ewakatonda amumalire ekyetaagokye.
Era amakulu ago genyini gegagendererwa mubigambo ebiri muhadith eyo eyogeddwa. Nekyetugenda okuzzaako, kwekunyonyola ebigambo ebiri muhadith olwokwongera okugitangaza.
a. “Allahumma Inni as-alka wa atawajjahu Ilaika biNabbiyyika” Mazima ekigambo “Nabbiyyika – Nabbiwo”, kikwaatagana n’ebyo ebikisoose, amakulu: “As-alika – nkusaba” ne “Atawajjahu Ilaika – njolekera jooli”. N’okunyonyola okusingako awo, yye asaba katonda owekitiibwa nga ayita muNabbi (s.a.w) nga bw’ayolekera eri katonda nekitiibwa kyaNabbi n’okuyita muye kenyini. N’ekigendererwa mu “Nabbi”, yye kenyini sossikusabakwe.
Naye oyo ateeka ekigambo “Dua” mukifo kya “Nabbi” mubigambo: “As-alka biNabbiyyika”, aba alamudde nga talina kyeyeekwaasa era aba yekwaase kukitali kituunfu era ekimuleetera ekyo, lwabutakkiriza nti okusaba katonda, nga tuyita muNabbi kikkirizibwa. Kale kwetuteeka ekigambo “dua” mukifo kya “Nabbi” olw’okwagala okugamba nti okusaba katonda nga tuyita mudua yaNabbi tekirina mutawaana, kale, kwekuddira ekikyaamukye nakiffuula ekituufu.
b. “Muhamad Nabbiyyi rrahmat”.
Ekiraga nti ekigendererwa mudua kwekusaba katonda nga ayita muNabbi nekitiibwakye, kwekujja kw’olunyiriri: “Muhamad Nabyiyyi rrahmat” oluvanyuma lwekigambo “Nabbiyyika”.
c. Olunyiriri: “Ya Muhamad Inni atawajjahu bika ila rabbi” lulaga nti omusajja yafuula Nabbi ye kenyini nga mwayisiza okusabakwe sossikusaba (dua) KwaNabbi (s.a.w). Amakulu, yye yasaba nga ayita muNabbi ye kenyini sosimudduwaaye.
d. Mazima ekigambokye: Washaffi-uhu fiyya”, kitegeeza nti Ai omulezi, fuula Nabbi (s.a.w) omuyambi wange era nkusaba okkirize obuyambibwe mubukakafu bwange.
Owange ggwe omusomi owekitiibwa, kimaze okutegeerekeka gyoli nti ensonga enkulu mudua yonna bwebwenyini bwomubaka wakatonda (s.a.w) sosiikusabakwe (duwaaye).
Buli yenna alowooza nti omusajja oyo eyalina obulwadde yasaba katonda nga ayita mudua yaNabbi sossimuye kenyini, aba yeragajjaza kukutegeera obwenyini bwahadith era naajeesiriwalizaako.
Mubutuufu, naawe bw’oba wetegerezza olunyiiriri olugamba:
“Ai katonda, mazima nze nkusaba era njolekera gy’oli neNabbiwo, Nabbi ow’okusaasira” n’olunyiriri olugamba: “Owange ggwe Muhamad, mazima nze njolekera eri omulezi wange nga mpita muggwe”, kyeyoleka bulungi nyo, nti essira lisimbibwa kumubaka wakatonda kenyini era singa ekigendererwa kyaali kyakuyita mudua yaNabbi (s.a.w), ekituufu kyalibadde nti “Nkusaba Nedua ya Nabbi”.
Oluvanyuma lw’ebyo byonna byetunyonyodde, waba tewakyaali kwemulugunya okwemirundi etaano omuwandiisi wabawahaab kweyaleeta mukitabo “Attawaswul ila haqiiqat tawassul” era twanyonyola bulungi okwemulugunya okwo awamu nokukwanukula mukitabo kyaffe “Attawassul” okuva kulupapula 147 – 153.
Atwiyyah Al-Aufi yagamba, okuva ku Abi Sa-eed Alkhudre, mazima omubaka wakatonda(s.a.w) yagamba: “omuntu bwafuluma okuva munyumbaye, nga agenda muswala naagamba: Ai katonda, mazima nze nkusaba nobukakafu bwabasabi bwebalina kuggwe, era nkusaba n’obukakafu bwokutambula kwange kuno, kubanga mazima nze sifulumye lwaabubi, wadde nga ndimwekuluntaze, wadde olwabandabe, wadde olwokuwulikakana, wabula nfulumye lwakutya busungubwo, nakunoonya kusiimibwakwo. Kale nkusaba onkingirize omuliro era onsonyiwe ebyonoono byange kubanga teri asonyiwa byonoono mulala okujjako ggwe, katonda amwolekera nekyenyikye era bamalaika emitwaalo musanvu nebamusabira okumusonyiwa”.([4])
Mazima hadith eyo, etegeerekeka bulungi nyo era etegeeza nti mazima kisaana omuntu okusaba katonda nga ayitira mukitiibwa kyaabo abolongoofu era kikkirizibwa okubafuula abayambi mukumala ekyetaago nokwanukula edua. Era hadith eyo eragiraddala bulungi nga ekwaatagana n’ekyo kyetwogerako.
Mazima Adam (a.s) bweyamala okukola ekyo kyeyali asaana okuleka, neyenenya ewakatonda omugulumivu olw’ekyo kyeyakola.([5]) yasaba katonda nebigambo nga Qur’an bweyalaza (2: 37).
Mazima abavuunuzi ba Qur’an n’abasomi ba hadith bavvuunula Aya eyo – 2: 37 – okusinziira kuhadith ezimu nga zino zetugenda okuleeta wammanga:
Yafulumya Twabraani mukitabo “Almu-ujam Swagiir”, ne AlHaakim mu “Mustadirak” ne Abu Na-em-owe Asfahan-mu “Hilatul Auliya-e” ne Baihaqe mu “Dala-el Nubuwwah” ne Ibn Asskir – owe Damashiq mu “Tarekh” ne Ssuyuti mu “Tafsiir Daarul Manthoor” ne Aluuse mu Tafsiir “Ruuhul Ma-ani”, okuva ku Umar bn Khatab, okuva kuNabbi (s.a.w) mazima yagamba:
“Adam bweyamala okukola ekyonoono kyeyakola, yasitula omutweegwe natunula waggulu, naagamba: nkusaba, kulwobukakafu bwaMuhamad okujjako nga onsonyiwa. Katonda n’amugamba: Muhamad yaaliwa! Naagamba: Erinyalyo litukuzibwe, bwenamala okutondebwa, nasitula omutwe gwange, nentunula kunnamulondoyo, nalaba nga kuwandikiddwaako: Teri yesinzibwa okujjako katonda. Muhamad mubaka wakatonda. Nengamba: Mazima teri muntu alina kitiibwa kisinga ky’oyo nanyini linya lyewateeka awamu n’erinyalyo, (katonda) n’amugamba: Mazima yye yowenkomerero mubaNabbi mululyoolwo, era singa teyali yye, ssalikuntonze”.([6])
(i) Mazima muQur’an eyekittibwa yakozesa enjogera “ebigambo” nga ategeeza bantu okwawukanako nenjogera ezaffe zetulina. Ekyokulabirako:
(a) katonda agamba:
“Mazima katonda akusanyusa (n’amawulire) ag’okufuna Yahya agenda okukakasa ekigambo ekiva ewakatonda”.([7])
(b) katonda ayongera n’agamba:
“Owange ggwe Mariam, Mazima katonda akusanyusa nekigambo okuva eri yye (nga) erinya lyekigambo ekyo: massih Isa bn Mariam”.([8])
(c) Era agamba:
“Mazima Masiih Isa bn Mariam mubaka wakatonda era kigambokye”.([9])
(d) Era agamba:
“Bagambe, (ownge ggwe Muhamad): Singa enyanja zaali bwiino nga ziwandiika bigambo bya Mulezi wange, (enyanja) Zaliweddewo…”([10])
(e) Era agamba:
“... Nenyanja (katonda) najongerako amayanja amalala musanvu (nga gonna g’akuwandiika bigambo byakatonda) ebigambo byakatonda tebiggwayo”.([11])
Awamu nokwetegereza Aya ezo zonna ezikulembedde, kisoboka okugamba nti ekigendererwa mu “Ebigambo” mukigambo kyakatonda “Adam yasaba omuleziwe nebigambo” kibeera bantu abebitiibwa abaatukuzibwa abo Adam beyayitiramu okusaba katonda.
Ne muhadith gyetuleese emabega, linya lyaMuhamad lyokka lyeryayogerwa, naye hadith ezisangibwa mumadhihab amatuufu, osanga hadith nga ekwaatagana ne Aya eyekitiibwa.
Hadith yayogerwa mubifananyi bibiri, ekigambo “kalmaat” kyavvuunulwa nti gemannya ataano amalungi (a.s), ate nekivvu-unnulwa nti kyekitangaala kyaabwe. Mpozzi oyinza okwongera okwetegereeza hadith eno:
“Mazima Adam yalaba ebyawandiikibwa kunnamulondo nga mannya gagulumizibwa era gakitiibwa, kale naabuuza ebigafaako?, naagambibwa nti gano amannya gegasinga ebitonde ekitiibwa ewakatonda owekitiibwa. N”amannya ago: Muhamad, ne Ali ne Fatima ne Hasan ne Hussein. Adam naasaba omuleziwe nga ayitira mubo olwokukkiriza okweneyakwe n’okusitula ekifookye.”([12])
Ate hadith endala ziraga nti Adam yalaba ekitangaala ekyaabantu abo abataano ekirungi naasaba nabo.([13])
(ii) Bwetuba tusomye ebitabo ebyebyafaayo nebya hadith. Kitweyolekera bulungi nti ensonga ya Nabbi Adam okusaba nga ayita muNabbi Muhamad (s.a.w) yali emanyiddwa era nga njatikirivu mubantu. Kale kyova olaba Malik bn Anas – Imam wabaMalikia – agamba Mansoor Dawaaniiqe mumuzikiti gw’omubaka wakatonda: “Yye lyekkubolyo nekkubo lya taatawo Adam”.([14])
N’abayimbi (poety) abasiramu balina obuyimba obwogera kunsonga eno. Ibn Jaber agamba:
Kululwe, mazima katonda yayanukula Adam mukiseera kyeyasabiramu, Era n’awonyezebwa mulyaato, Nooh.([15])
Ate omulala agamba – waaste.
Abantu, kulwaabwe byasonyiyizibwa ebyonoono bya Adam.
Era bbo lyekkubo, nemunnyeenye ezaakayakana.([16])
“Fatima muwala wa Asad bweyamala okufa, omubaka wakatonda yagenda gyaali, naatuula eri omutweegwe, naagamba: katonda akusaasire owange ggwe maama wange oluvanyuma lwamaama wange. Oluvanyuma, omubaka n’ayita Usaamah bn Zaid ne Abu Ayyub Alanswaar ne Umar bn Khatab nomuvubuka omuddugavu, basime entaana. Bwebaamala okutuuka ku Lahad (mwaanaadaan) omubaka wakatonda yye kenyini yajesimira era nafulumyamu ettaka nemikonogye. Bweyamala, yajiyingiramu neyebakamu, oluvanyuma naagamba: katonda y’oyo nanyini kuwa bulamu era yenanyini kutta nga ate yye mulamu, tafa. Sonyiwa maama wange – Fatima bint Asad, omugaziyirize obuyingirobwe olwobukakafu bwaNabbiwo nebaNabbi abo abansooka”. Yayogerwa Twabrani mu “Alkabiir” ne “Al-Ausat” ne Ibn Habban ne Alhaakim era nebagamba nti ntuufu.([17])
Sayyid Ahmad Zaini Dahlan yawandiika mukitabo “Darar Ssaniyya bweyali nga adda mubawahaab:-
“Abi Shaiba yagamba, okuva kujaber bwaatyo. Era ebigambo by’ebimu Ibn Abdul Barr byayogera okuva ku Ibn Abbas, ne Abu Na-em bwaatyo mu “Hilliyyatul Auliyaa-e” okuva ku Anas. Ate ebyo byonna Alhaafidh Jalaal Ddini Assuyuut n’abyogera mu “Aljaami-el kabiir”.([18])
Naye ate ffe twaleeta hadith eyo okuva mubitabo bibiri nga ekimu kubyo kikwaata kudua – era nga kyekyokwogerako kyaffe – okwawukanako nekirala.
Ebitabo ebyo, byebino:
(i) “Hilliyytul Auliyaa-e” ekya Na-em Al-Asfahani / omujalad ogwokusatu, gp. 121.
(ii) “wafa-ul wafa” ekya Samuhoodi.
Ab’ogezi bahadith bonna baagamba nti omuwarabu munnamalaungu yajja eri Nabbi (s.a.w) naagamba:
“Mazima tukujidde naye nga tetulinaayo ngamiya ekaaba wadde omwana assa.
Oluvanyuma n’agamba:
Tukujjidde, nga abakazi tebaliimu mata
Era mazima mukadde womwaana atewanyiziddwa okuva kumwaana
Era teri kintu mw’ebyo abantu byebalya kyetulina
Okujjako enniimu ezikaawa namalagala agamatabi
Ate tetulina buddo okujjako gyooli yeeri obuddukiro bwaffe
Era obuddukiro bwabantu buliwa okujjako eri ababaka?
Omubaka wakatonda (s.a.w) n’asituka nga bwasika enkutuye okutuusa bweyalinya ekituuti, n’asitula emikonogye, n’agamba: Ai katonda, tunyweese enkuba efukumuka … naye teyassa mikonogye okujjako nga eggulu likutte... oluvanyuma n’agamba: ndayidde katonda, ebirungi bya AbuTalibi byayitirira, singa abadde akyaali mulamu yalibadde atebenkera. Ani atuleterayo kubigambobye?
Ali bn Abu Talib (a.s) n’asituka, n’agamba: olinga ayagala ebigambobye bino, owange ggwe omubaka wakatonda:
Nabawarabu basaba okunyweesebwa nekyeenyikye
Omulezi wabaamulekwa omukuumi wabanamwandu
Abebitiibwa mub’olulyo lwahashim bamwetoloola
Era bbo waali babeera mubyengera namirembe
Nabbi(s.a.w) n’agamba: “Ajal” yyee.
Ali n’aleeta obuyimba nga omubaka wakatonda asabira Abu Talibi okumusonyiwa jaali kukituuti. Oluvanyuma, omusajja okuva mukika ekye “kinaanah” n’ayimirira, n’ayimba, n’agamba:
Amatendo gago, ate nokutendereza kuva mw’oyo eyebaza
Tunyweeseddwa kulwekyeenyi kyaNabbi enkuba
Ngamba: Ebitabo ebyogera kunsonga eyo bingi nyo, naye ffe tugireese okuva mubitabo bino:
a. “Umdatadtul Qari-e” ekinyonyola hadith zaBukhar: omujalad ogwomusanvu, pg. 31, omutunzi: badru Ddini Muhamood bn Ahmad Al-Ain, yafa mumwaka 855, kyakubibwa, Idaaratu Ttabaa-atil Muniiriyyah.
b. “Shareh Nahjul Balagh”, ekya Ibn Abi Alhadiid, Juzu 14, pg. 80.
c. “Assiratul Halabiyyah”: omujalad ogwokusatu, pg. 263.
d. “Alhujjatu Ala ddhahib ila takfiir Abi Talib”: omutunzi: Shamsu Ddini Abi Ali Fakhaar bn mu-ed, yafa mumwaka 630, kyakubirwa Najaf, mukifo kya Alawiyy, pg. 79.
e. “Siiratu Ziini Dahlaan”: kyakubibwa mubigambo ebinyonyola Siira ya halab, omujalad ogusooka, pg. 81.
Kyayogerwa nti Sawaad bn Qaarib yayimbiramu Omubaka wakatonda obuyimba bw’akola nabwo tawassul.
Agamba mubwo:
Mpa obujulizi nti mazima katonda teri mulezi ataliyye
Era mazima ggwe wesigibwa eri buli yenna ataliiwo
Era mazima gwe osinga okubeera okumpi okuyitiramu,
Eri katonda owange gwe mutabanyi wabebitiibwa abalungi
Kale tulagire kyonna ekiba kikujidde owange gwe asinga abatume
Wadde nga kirimu obuzibu nobukalubu
Beera omuwolereza wange olunaku lwewatagenda kubeera muwolereza
Weyimirire wadde mukantu akatono ku Sawaad bn Qaarib([19])
Owange ggwe omusomi owekitiibwa, tunyonyodde – nga ate tukyanyonyola – hadith eziwerako ezikwaata kutawassul nga twesigamira kubitabo byatarekhe ne hadith ebyaBasunni.
Naye tawassul n’abagalwa bakatonda muhadith ezayogerwa okuva kuba Imam ba Ahlul Bait (a.s) – mubitabo ebyaBashiya – nyanjulukufu bulungi era nyweevu kubanga zaalazibwako nemumadua.
Wabula kyetwebuuza: Abaffe, tukakasibwaako amateeka g’obusiram kugajja ku “Ibn Taimiyyah” ne “Muhamad bn Abdul Wahaab” n’abo ababafaanana, oba tulina kugajja kululyo Lwamubaka wakatonda olwo Nabbi lweyayogerako muhadith “Thaqalain” nti kyekizito ekitono nekipimo kya Qur’an?!!
Mazima buli musiram yenna – alina okulengera – alamula butereevu nti tusaana – kugoberera lulyo lwaNabbi olutukuvu katonda lweyajjako obukyaafu n’alutukuza olutukuza. Mukukola-amazambi.
Amadua agalimu tawassul n’abagalwa bakatonda omugulumivu. Mayitirivu era gali mubitabo “swahiifatul Alawiyya”([20]) nemudua ya “Arafa”([21]) ne“Swahiifat Ssajjadiyya”([22]) nebitabo ebirala bingi ebyadua.
(1) Agamba omukulembeze wabakkiriza – Ali (a.s) – muduwaaye:
“... kulwobukakafu bwa Muhamad n’abantu ba Muhamad bwebalina kuggwe, nekulwobukakafuubwo obunene bw’olina gyebali (nkusaba) obawe ebyengera nga bw’oli nti ggwe nanyinibyo era ompe ebirungi ebyo byewawa abasabi mubaddubo abaafa mubakkiriza, nebirungi ebyo by’owa abakyasigaddewo mubakkiriza...”([23])
(2) era agamba: Sayyid Shuhada – Hussein (a.s) – mudua ya Arafa:
“... Ai katonda, mazima ffe twolekera jooli – olweggulo luno lwewakakasa era nolugulumiza – neMuhamad, Nabbiwo era omubakawo, omulondemuuwo mubitondebyo”.
(3) Era agamba Imam Zainul Abidiin (a.s) muduwaaye nga omwezi gwa Ramadhan gunatera okuggwako:
“... Ai katonda, mazima nze nkusaba kulwobukakafu bw’omweezi guno n’obukakafu bw’abo abagwesinzizaamu – okuva kuntandikwa yaagwo okutuusa kunkomerero yaagwo – mumalaika jewasembeza oba Nabbi gwewatuma oba omuddu omulongoofu gwewalondamu...”([24])
Mazima enkola yabasiramu – okuviiraddala mubulamu bwaNabbi(s.a.w) noluvanyuma lwokufaakwe – yali etambulira kutawassul n’abagalwa bakatonda nokusaba katonda okubawolereza kulwekitiibwa kyabwe namadaala gaabwe agawaggulu eri katonda owekitiibwa.
1- Omunabyafaayo omwatikrivu – Ibn Al-Athiir, eyafa mumwaka 630, yawandiika:
“Umar bn khatab yasaba enkuba nga ayita mu Abbas, omwaka gwa “Ramaada”, oluvanyuma lwenkuba okubula, katonda omugulumivu n’atonyesa enkuba, ensi neramuka. Umar n’agamba: Oyo – ndayidde katonda – lyekkubo erituuka ewakatonda era alina nekifo muye. Hassan n’agamba:
Imam yasaba nga ekyeeya kituddingana
Enkuba netoonya olwekyenyi kya Abbas
Taata waNabbi omuto muganda womuzaddewe oyo,
Eyasika Nabbi mukitiibwa sossibalala
Katonda alamusizaa naye ensi okutuusa bwe-fuuse,
Eyakiragala enjuyizaayo oluvanyuma olwokukala
Abantu bwebaamala okunywesebwa, nebatandika okumufunako omukisa (Tabarruk) nga bwebagamba: nga weesiimye, gwe nanyini kunyweesa Haramain!”([25])
Mazima okwetegereza munsonga ezebyafaayo – nga Bukhar bweyanyonyola ezimu muzo mukitabokye – zikakasa nti emu kunsonga zetuyitamu, yetawassul n’abantu abamadaala agawaggulu nekitiibwa ewakatonda kubanga mulimu okusembera ewakatonda nokufuna ekitiibwa eri omusabi.
Ate ere kigamboki ekyanjulukufu okusinga ekigambo kya Umar kyeyagamba ku Abbas?!
2- AlQastalani – eyawangaala ekiseera ekimu ne Suyuuti – eyafa mumwaka 923H, yagamba:
“Mazima Umar – bweyamala okusaba enkuba nga ayita mu Abbas – yagamba: “Abange mwe abantu, mazima omubaka wakatonda yali ayisa Abbas nga omwaana bwayisa omuzaddewe, kale mumugoberere nga mumanyi nti taatawe muto era mumufuule ensonga ebatuusa ewakatonda omugulumivu”. Kale omwo mulimu okwogera kutawassulu. Era awo wetutakkiririza kigambo kyoyo aziyiza tawassul nabalamu oba n’abo abaafa, nekigambo ky’oyo aziyiza tawassulu nomuntu yenna atali Nabbi”.
3- Twakyogerako emabega nti Mansoor Al-Abbase (Dawaniiqe) yabuuza malik bn Anas – Imam – engeri eyokulambulamu omubaka wakatonda (s.a.w) nokusaba katonda nga mpita muye (tawassul)... n’aagamba Malik:
“Owange gwe Aba Abdullah, njolekere Qibla ndyoke nsabe oba njolekere mubaka waakatonda? Malik naamugamba nga amwanukula: lwaki omukyuusako ekyenyikyo nga ate lyekkubolyo nekkubo lyataatawo Adam eribatuusa ewakatonda kulunaku olwenkomerero? Ekituufu, mwoolekere, era osabe katonda okukuwolereza nga oyita muye, ajja kukuwolereza. Katonda yagamba: “Era singa mazima bbo, mukiseera kyeberyazamanyirizaamu emitima gyabwe...”([26])
4- Ibn Hajar Al-Haithame yayogera obuyimba bwa Shafi-e buno obubiri:
Abantu BaNabbi lyekkubo lyange era mubo mwempitira okutuuka gyali.
Nsu’bira okuweebwa ekitabo kyange nomukono ogwaddyo nga mpita mubo.([27])
Okusinziira kw’ebyo byonna byetwogedde mubyet`wese-mbezezza n’obujulizi, kitumala okugamba nti baNabbi nabanaddini abebitiibwa, gegamu kumakubo oba ensonga mwetuyitira nga katonda bweyagamba:
“Abange mwe abakkiriza, mutye katonda era munoonye ebibasembeza (ekkubo) gyali”.([28])
Mazima katonda yalagira okubateekawo nokubafuula ekkubo gyaali.
Era tewali kubuusabuusa, ensonga oba ekkubo erisembeza omuntu oba erimutuusa ewakatonda teryeyawulidde mukutuukiriza byatulalikibwaako nakwewala byatuziyizibwa, wabula libuna buli kyonna ekirungi, era nga mwemuli netawassul n’abagalwa bakatonda.
Abaffe, tuyinza okugamba nti abamanyi baategeera bubi amakulu gekigambo “Wasilah”? awamu nokubeera nga bebananyini kumanya busiramu nakukwaata hadith?
Mazima abo abakyuusa ebitabo okuva kubigendererwa byabyo, nebeefuula abanoonyereza wano nawali olw’okwagala okukyuusa hadith, abo bebalamula awatali kwesigamira kubujulizi.
5- Bukhar agamba muswahiih – mukitabokye:
“Mazima Umar bn khatab yali nga buli ekyeeya lwekiba kibajidde, nga asaba okunywesebwa na Abbas bn Abdul Mutalib(r.a), n’agamba: Ai katonda, twaali tukusabanga okutunyweesa nga tuyita muNabbiwaffe era natunyweesa, kale kati tusaba okutunyweesa netaata waNabbiwaffe, era tunyweese. N’agamba: era nebanyweesebwa”.([29])
Hadith eyo terina kigambo kyonna kubutufu bwayo era nomuwadiisi wabawahaab – Rafa-e atakkiriza hadith zatawassul, yaakiriza nti ntuufu, era yagamba:
“Mazima hadith eyo ntuufu.([30]) kale bwekiba nga kituufu nti amateeka g’obusiram gakkiriza, tubeera nga ffe abaasooka abantu bonna okujikolerako n’okugiteeka munkola”.
Kale bwetuba twetegerezza ebyo byebaayogera okuva ku Umar bn Khatab ebikwaata ku tawassul ne Abbas, era n’abeera nga yalayira n’agamba nti “Oyo –ndayidde katonda – lyekkubo erituusa ewakatonda…”, kyeyoleka bulungi nti mazima obukakafu bwatawassul – mukifo ekyo – bwali bwakuyita mu Abbas yekenyini oba obwenyinibwe nekitiibwakye ewakatonda omugulumivu, sossikuyita mudua ya Abbas.
N’okwongera kw’ebyo, Muhamad bn Nu-uman Almaliki – eyafa mumwaka 683 – yanyonyola mukitabokye “Misbaah dhulaam fil mustagiithiin bikhairil Anam” engeri Umar gyeyakolamu tawassul nga ayitira mu Abbasa. Yagamba:
“Ai katonda, mazima ffe tukusaba okunyweesebwa netaata waNabbiwo era tusaba okuwolerezebwa gyooli nobukulubwe era nebanyweesebwa” Nekunsonga eyo, agamba Abbas bn Utbah bn Abi lahab:
Netaatawange, katonda yanywesa Hijaz nabantu baamu.
Yasaba ebire okunywesebwa nobukulubwe, Umar.
Era Hassan naye bw’atyo, yayimba n’agamba:
“Ebire byatonyesa enkuba olwekyenyi kya Abbas”
Ne Ibn Hijir Al-Assiqalani yagamba:
“Mazima Abbas yasaba eri katonda omugulumivu n’agamba... era mazima abantu kulwange boolekedde gyooli olwekifo kyange eri Nabbiwo”.
Owange ggwe omusomi owekitiibwa, kimaze okweyoleka obulungi nti tawassul yali ekwaata ku Abbas ye kenyini nekitiibwakye. Era abamanyi ba balagh ne Adab baagamba: “okugatta okulamula kukitendo kivaamu ensonga”.
Amakulu nti: okulamula bwekubeera kukitendo, kiba kiraga nti ensonga mukulamula okwo, kyekitendo. Okugeza, Qur’an egamba: “Era kiri kw’oyo nanyini kuzaalirwa mwaana, okugabirira abakazi”. Amakulu nti: omukazi bwa’zaalira omusajja omwaana, kiri kumusajja okugabirira omukazi oyo. Kati okulamula kwekukakasa kwokugabirira, nekitendo, yazaaliddwa – omukazi gwazadde.
Ekyokulabirako ekirala: Singa omuzadde agamba omwaanawe nti “gulumiza omumanyi”, kitegeeza nti ensonga enkulu kwekumanya okumulimu.
Kale, okuzimbira kw’ekyo, mazima ekigambo kya Umar: “Mazima ffe tusembera gyooli nga tuyita mutaata waNabbiwo”, kirimu okunyonyola ensonga lwaaki abantu baakola tawassul ne Abbas nebaleka abalala. Ensonga eri nti, lwakuba Abbas taata waNabbi (s.a.w) ate era Abbas ye kenyini yanyonyola n’agamba: “olwekifokyange kyennina eri Nabbiwo”.
Mubufunze, oluvanyuma lw’ebyo byonna ebinyonyoddwa emabega... tugamba nga era tukakasa nti mazima abasiram okuviiraddala kuntandikwa yobusiram, baali bakolanga tawassulu kubantu abalongoofu abakozi bemirimo emirungi.
6- Obuyimba bwa Swafiyya kuntaana yaNabbi:
Swafiyya bint Abdul Mutalib – Senga waNabbi – yayimbira kuntaana yaNabbi (s.a.w). Obumu kubuyimba:
Owange ggwe omubaka wakatonda, ggwe gwetusuubira
Wali otugabirira era tewali mukodo
Era wali otuyisa bulungi, otukwaata mpola era nga oli Nabbi waffe
Kirungi omuntu okukaabireko olwaleero oyo omukaabi.([31])
Mazima obuyimba obwo – obwayimbibwa nga baswahaaba bawulira era abanabyafaayo nebabuwandiika, tufunamu ensonga bbiri:
1- Mazima okwogera n’emyoyo – nokusingiraddala omwoyo gwaNabbi (s.a.w) oluvanyuma lw’okufaakwe, kwaali kukkirizibwa era nga wekuli. Ekigambokye kyeyagamba nti “owange ggwe omubaka wakatonda” tekyaali kyamuzannyo wadde okubeera Shirik nga abawahaab bwebagamba.
2- Ekigendererwa “Gwe gwetusuubira” kiraga nti Nabbi (s.a.w) mwemuli okusuubira kwabasiram bonna mubulimulembe nemumbeera era enkolagana tekutukanga naye noluvanyuma olwokufaakwe.
Kisaana okubeerako nebimu kubitabo ebirungi ebyetagisa okulaza abamanyi abasunni byebaawandiika ebikwaata kutawassul neNabbi owekitiibwa (s.a.w).
Okusoma ebitabo ebyo, kutusobozesa okuzuula endowooza yabasiramu kukukola tawassul nebaNabbi n’abagalwa bakatonda era nekutukakasa nti mazima tawassul yali nkola nga weeri era nga egobererwa nabasiramu okuviiraddala mumirembe egyasooka.
1- Ekitabo; Al-wafa-u fi Fasha-elil Mustafa: ekya Ibn AlJauzi, eyafa mumwaka 597H, yatongola omulyango ogukwaata kutawassul neNabbi (s.a.w) nomulyango omulala nga gukwaata kukusaba katonda okuwolerezebwa nentaanaye eyekitiibwa.
2- Misbaah dhalaam fil mustagiithin bikhairil Anaam: Kyatungibwa Muhamad bn Nu-uman Almaliki eyafa mumwaka 673h era samuhuudi yajjamu yomulyango ogukwaata kutawassul n’aguteeka mukitabo: Wafa-ul wafa, era alina nebirala bingi byeyakoppamu.
3- Albayaan wal Ikhitisar: ekya Dauda Almaliki, Ashaadhili, yateekamu ebikwaata kutawassul z’abamanyi n’abalongoofu zebaakolanga kumubaka owekitiibwa (s.a.w) mubiseera ebyobuzibu.
4- Shifa-u siqaam: ekya Taqiyyi Ddini Sabaki, eyafa mumwaka 756H. Yayogera kukusaba nga tuyita muNabbi (s.a.w) okuva kulupapula 120 – 133.
5- Wafa-ul Wafa li-akhibar Daaril mustapha: ekya Sayyid Noor Ddini samuhoodi, eyafa mumwaka 911H. Yayogera kutawassul era n’agigaziya nyo Mujuzu eyokubiri okuva kulupapula 413 – 419.
6- Almawahib Ddaniyya: ekya Ibn AL-Abbas AlQastalaane eyafa mumwaka 932.
7- Shareh Almawaahib Ddiniyya: ekya Razaqaane Almaaliki oweMisir, eyafa mumwaka 122, mujuzu eyomunaana, olupapula 317.
8- Swuluhul Ikhiwaan: ekya Khalide AlBaghdaade, eyafa mumwaka 1299. Era alina Risaala endala gyeyakuba nga adda mu Aluusi kunsonga yatawassul neNabbi – okusaba nga tuyita muNabbi (s.a.w) – era yakubibwa (Risaala) mumwaka 1306H.
9- Kanzul Mutwalib: ekya Aduwi Alhamzaawe, ayafa mumwaka 1303.
10- Furqaanul Quran: ekya Ezaame Ashaafi-e Alqadha-e, ekitabo ekyo kyakubibwa awamu nekitabo “kitaabul Asmaa-e waswifaat” ekya Baihaqe, mumpapula 140.
Owange ggwe omusomi owekitiibwa, mazima okusoma ebitabo ebyo – n’okusingiraddala ebyo ebyayogera kutawassul nebigigaziya, neswuluhul Ikhiwaan, ne Furqaanul Qur’an – kukukakasa nti mazima abasiramu mubuli mulembe bakola tawassulu neNabbi (s.a.w) era ojjakulaba obubuze bwa Ibn Taimiyya n’omuyiziwe, nobukyaamu bwebirowooza byabwe, n’obufu bwenzikiriza yabwe.
Mukukomekkereza ekitundu kino, tugamba: Mazima Qur’an eyekitiibwa eyogera lwaatu era ekkiriza tawassul n’abagalwa bakatonda (ekkiriza okusaba katonda nga tuyita mubagalwa bakatonda).
Era Qur’an yenyini ekowoola abantu: “Abange mwe abakkiriza, mutye katonda era muteekewo ekkubo (eribasembeza) gyaali, era mufaabikane mukkubolye, obeera olyawo muyinza okwesiima”.([32])
Mazima Aya eyo, etukowoola okwetekerawo ekkubo mubifo byonna okutwaaliza awamu.
Ekibuuzo: “Wasiilah” kyekyi?
Okwanukula: Qur’an eyekitiibwa teyakyogera, wabula, tewali kubuusabuusa, ebyaalalikibwa muddini biri mumakubo agatuusa omuntu kuwesiima nokuwona, wabula era tetuyinza kugamba nti ebyo byokka gemakubo oba ensonga eziyinza okutuusa kukwesiima.
Bwetuba twesigamidde kubyafaayo, tukiraba bulungi nga enkola yabasiramu okuviiraddala muntadikwa, yalimu okufuula abagalwa bakatonda abalongoofu okubeera agamu kumakubo agabatuusa kukwesiima nokumala ebyetaago byabwe nokutuukiriza ebirubiriwa byabwe, era ekyo kyeraga bulungi mubigambo bya Imam Maliki ne Mansoor AL-Abbase, ne tawassul umar bn khatab gyeyakola nga ayita mu Abbas bweyali asaba enkuba.
“Mazima okwo kujjukiza, oyo aba ayagadde yeteekerewo eri katondawe ekkubo”.
([1]) MuSanad Ahmad, mulimu “Abu Ja-afar Alkhatuime”, naye mu Sunan Ibn Majah, mulimu “Abu Ja-afar” lyokka.
([2]) Atawaswul Ila haqiiqat Tawassul: pg. 158.
([3]) Atawaswul Ila haqiiqat Tawassul: pg. 158.
([4]) Sunan Ibn Majah: pg. 256, hadith no. 778.
([5]) Mazima kyakakata nti okuziyiza katonda kweyaziyizaamu Adam okulya kumuti kwaali kwakumulungamya nakumubuulirira.
Kale nga bwaayawukana kukumubuulirira okwo, tafuna musango wadde okumubonereza era tekimujjaako kubeera “ma-asuum” – atakola mazambi”. Mpozzi ekyaddirira kwekumufulumya muJjana nga katonda bweyakiteekateeka. Kisoboka okutunulako mu Aya zino: 20: 118, 20: 119.
([6]) Mustadrak Swahihain: juzu 2, pg. 615 – Ruuhul ma-ani: Juzu 1, pg. 217, - Darrul Manthoor: Juzu 1, pg. 59 okuva ku Twabran ne Abi Na-em ne Baihaqe.
([7]) 3: 39.
([8]) 3: 45.
([9]) 4: 171.
([10]) 18: 109.
([11]) 31: 27.
([12]) - Majma-ul Bayaan: Juzu 1, pg. 89, print. Lubanon.
- Tafsiirul Bruhan: Juzu 1, pg. 86 – 88, hadith no. 2, 5, 11, 12, 14, 27.
([13]) Tafsiirul Bruhan: Juzu 1, pg. 87, hadith no. 13, 15, 16.
([14]) Kitaab Durar Assuniyya ekya Sayyid Ahmad Ziini Dahlan: Juzu 10.
([15]) Kashiful Iritiyab: pg. 207.
([16]) Kashiful Iritiyab: pg. 308.
([17]) Kashiful Iritiyab: pg. 312, okuva ku “Khulaasatul Kalaam”.
([18]) Kashiful Iritiyaab: pg. 312pg. 313 okuva khulasatul kalaam.
([19]) Attawaswul ila haqiiqat tawassul: pg. 300.
([20]) Mulimu amadua mangi era agamu ga Imam Ali(as) yagakunganya: Shaikh Abdullah Ssamahiije.
([21]) Dua ya Imam Hussein (a.s) olunaku lwa Arafa.
([22]) Mulimuamadua naye nga agamu ga Imam zainil Abidiina(a.s).
([23]) Swahiifatul Alawiyyah ekya samuhuuje: gp. 51.
([24]) Swahiifat Ssajjadiyya: Dua no 44.
([25]) Tarekh Usudul Gaaba fi ma-arifat Swahaaba: Juzu 3, pg. 111, print Misir.
([26]) Wafa-ul wafa: Juzu 2, pg. 1376.
([27]) Aswawa-eq Almuhriqa ekyo Ibn Hajar: gp. 178, ekitabo kijudde ebyobulimba bingi era abamanyi bangi abaakiddamu nebamuhaqiqiin nga Shahiid Saeed Alqadh Noor Ilah Tasatture mukitabokye: “Swawaarim Almuhriqa”.
([28]) 3: 35.
([29]) Swahihul Bukhar: Juzu 2, pg. 32.
([30]) Ekyalibadde ekitufu kwekugamba nti ekyafaayo ekyo, kitufu, kubanga hadith – mumateeka – byebigambo byaNabbi (s.a.w) ate ffe tuli kubyafaayo, ebyokunyonyola hadith tubimaze.
([31]) - Dhakha-erul Uqba: ekya Hafidhi Almuhbbu Attabare, pg. 252.
- Majma-u Zawa-ed: Juzu 9, pg. 36.
([32]) 5: 34.
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