Mazima “Shafa-a” (okuwolereza), kigambo, kimanyiddwa wakati waffe fenna, era kitera nyo okuyita kunnimi zaffe mukiseera kyaakyo ekikisaanira. Okugeza: bwetuba twogera kumuntu eyazza omusango, omulamuzi n’amusalira ogwokufa oba okusibibwa oba ekibonerozo ekirala kyonna, oluvanyuma omuntu n’ayingirawo, n’amweyimirira, n’amuwonya ekyo kyebaali bamusalidde, tugamba: “Omuntu gundi awolerezza gundi”.
Shafa-a, kiva mukigambo: “Shaf-u” (zawju) amakulu: ebibiri, nga kyennyume kya “witr” (fard) amakulu: ekimu. O’wawakati yayitibwa Shafi-u, lwakubanga omulimogwe gutambulira wamu namakubo agamutuusa kukuwonya, nokufuba okulala okubeera mw’oyo gwebawonya oba awolerezebwa. Awo, omwonoonyi oba omukozi wamusango nawonyezebwa okuva mubuzibu.
Mazima okuwolereza kwabagalwa bakatonda eri abakozi bebyonoono kubeerawo olwokubeera kwaabwe okumpi nekatonda owekitiibwa, nebifo byaabwe ebyawaggulu gyaali, kale bbo, bawolereza – kulwobuyinza bwakatonda era nga bayita mubulombolombo bweyawulidde – abo abalina ebyonoono, katonda nalyoka abasonyiwa, oba okumala ebyetaago byaabwe.
Nemunjogera endala: okuwolereza, buyambi okuva eri abagalwa bakatonda – kulwobuyinza bwakatonda – eri abantu abataakutula nkolagana nekatonda nabagalwaabe, awatali kutunula mukubeera nga bonooyi.
Okunyonyola okwo kuyinza okubeera okuzibu, kale kwetagisa okwetegereza okwabuli kiseera.
Enjogera eyokusatu: okuwolereza, kwekuyamba kwoyo owawaggulu, eri owawansi oyo alimu obweteefuteefu obusobozesa owawaggulu okumuwolereza, nga okubeera nga kimusobokera okulinnya eddaala eryawaggulu, nokukyuuka n’afuuka omuntu omulongoofu.
Oluvanyuma olwokunyonyola okwo okwemirundi esatu, mazima ebyafaayo byobusiramu bikakasa nti abasiramu okuviiraddala mumulembe gwomubaka wakatonda(s.a.w), nemirembe egyaddirira, baali basabanga okuwolerezebwa okuva eri abagalwa bakatonda abakozi bemirimo emirungi, mubulamu bwaabwe oba oluvanyuma lwokufa kwaabwe, naye teriiyo mumanyi yenna mubamanyi bobusiramu eyagamba nti okusaba okuwolerezebwa okwo kwawukana n’enkola y’obusiramu.
Okutuusa Ibn Taimiyya bweyajja – mukyaasa ekyomunaana okuva mukusenguka kw’omubaka (s.a.w) – nebirowoozo ebyewala nenkola endwadde, n’awakanya bingi nyo munkola y’obusiramu.
Noluvanyumalwe, nga wayiseewo ebyaasa bisatu, Muhamad bn Abdulwahaab owe Najid, yajja, n’asitula bendera yokwawukanya wakati wabasiramu, nattula fitina, nayawula wakati wabasiramu, nazza obupya ebijweeteke bya Ibn Taimiyya mungeri eyamaanyi okusingako muntandikwa.
Abawahaabi, bakakasa ensibuko ya Shafa-a, naye webawukanira nabasiramu, kwekubeera nga baziyiza okusaba okuwolerezebwa okuva eri abagalwa bakatonda kuno kunsi, era bayogera kunzikiriza yaabwe nga bakozesa ebigambo ebirimu okunyooma nokukakkanya Banabbi neba Auliya ebitukwaasa ensonyi okubireeta.
Mw’ebyo byeboogera ku Shafa-a, bagamba nti Nabbi owobusiram, Muhamad (s.a.w), nebanabi abalala, neba Auliya, nebamalayika, balina obusobozi obuwolereza, naye kunkomerero kwokkwa, kale, okusaba okuwolerezebwa kukakata kuva eri katonda yekka sossimubo, nti omuntu bw’aba asaba alina kwogera bwati:
“Ai katonda, fuula Nabbi waffe Muhamad omuwolereza gyetuli kalunaku olwenkomerero. Oba: Bamalayikabo oba enjogera endala ekozesebwa mukusaba katonda sossi kuva mubo. Era tekikkirizibwa kugamba: Owange ggwe omubaka wakatonda oba omwagalwa wakatonda, nkusaba okuwolerezebwa oba okusaba okulala mw’ebyo ebitalina abisobola okujjako katonda. Era gwosaba bw’abeera nga ali mu Barizakh (muntaana), oba ogudde mugumu kumiteeko gya Shirik”([1])
Abawahaabi, bwebatyo bagenda bakasuukirira abasiramu nekigambo Shirik kubanga basaba Nabbi (s.a.w) okubawolereza n’abagalwa bakatonda kunsi nekunkomerero.
Ffe, nga tetunnaba kwogera kw’ebyo Abawahaabi byebesembesa, katusooke tumale okukufulumizaayo byetwesembesa okuva muQur’an nesunna, nenkola yabasiramu, n’oluvanyuma tulondoole byebesembesa.
Kyetwesembesa kukukkirizibwa okusaba okuwolerezebwa nga tukyaali munsi, kirimu ensonga bbiri, era zezigenda okufuula kyetuliko okunyonyoka obulungi:
1- Okusaba okuwolerezebwa kubeera kusaba Dua.
2- Okugamba abalongoofu okukusabira kikirizibwa era kyagalibwa mubusiramu.
Weyongere okunyonyoka kunsonga ezo ebiri:
Mazima okuwolereza kwaNabbi n’abawolereza abalala mw’abo abakozi bemirimo emirungi tekirina makulu malala wabula kubeera kusabakwe katonda kubanga bbo – olwekitiibwa kyaabwe nekifo ekyawaggulu kyebalina ewakatonda – bamusaba okusonyiwa abonoonyi, era n’abanukula, kale okusonyiwakwe nokusasirakwe kubuna abaddube era nabajjako ebyonoono.
Okugamba mugandawo omukkiriza okukusabira kirungi nyo era teri abuusabuusa mubulungi bwakyo mubamanyi bobusiramu – awamu nokwawukana kwaabwe – wadde abawahaab, kale kibeera kitya singa osaba Nabbi nabagalwa bakatonda abakozi bemirimo emirungi?!!
Mubutuufu, tekisoboka kugamba nti amakulu ga Shafa-a kwekusaba kulunaku lwenkomerero, wabula tugamba nti erimu kumakulu ameyolefu agekigambo Shafa-a, kwekusaba nga omuntu bwagamba omu kub’agalwa bakatonda nti: “Owange ggwe owekitiibwa eri katonda, tuwolereze ewakatonda”, aba tategeeza okujjako amakulu ago.
Nidham Ddiin Naishaboor agamba – bweyali avvuunula Aya: “Omuntu bwasabira abakkiriza obubi, afuna omusango”([2]).
Byogerwa okuva ku Maqatil:
“Okuwolereza ewakatonda, kubeera kusabira musiramu”.
Byayogerwa okuva kuNabbi (s.a.w) nti omuntu bwasabira mugandawe omusiramu mukyaama, okusabakwe kwanukulwa era Bamalayika nebamugamba: n’awe olina ekifaana n’ekyo kyomusabidde.
Ibn Taimiyya ali omu kw’abo abagamba nti okugamba omuntu omulamu okukusabira kituufu, nolwekyo, okusaba okuwolezebwa tekyeyawulidde kuNNabbi n’abagalwa bakatonda, wabula kisaana okusaba buli mukkiriza alina ekitiibwa nekifo ekyawaggulu ewakatonda (s.w).
Ne Fakhir Raazi ali omu kw’aba abavuunula ekigambo Shafa-a, nti kitegeeza kusaba nakusembera wa Allah, nga bweyagamba mumakulu ga Aya:
“... Era basabira abakkiriza okubasonyiwa (nga bagamba) Ai omulezi waffe, wabunyisa buli kintu kyonna okusasira…”.
Yagamba: “Aya eno, eraga okufuna okuwolerezebwa okuva kuBamalayika eri abonoonyi ...
Kale okwo bwekuba kukakasa kuBamalayika, era bwekutyo kubeera nekuBanabbi olwokwegatta kwabamanyi nebagamba nti tewali njawulo.”
Era yagamba:
Ate era katonda yagamba Muhamad (s.a.w):
“Saba okusonyiyizibwa ebyonoonobyo, osabire nabakkiriza abasajja nabakazi”, kale n’abeera nga yalagira Muhamad osooke yesabire, noluvanyuma asabire abalala.
Era yayogera ku Nooh (a.s) nti yagamba:
“Ai omulezi, nsonyiwa, osonyiwe n’abazadde bange, n’oyo anayingira mukibiina kyange nga mukkiriza, n’abakkiriza abasajja n’abakazi”.([3])
Okunyonyola kwa Fakhir Raazi kulaga nti yye alaba bulungi nti amakulu ga Shafa-a kwekusaba kwomuwolereza eri oyo omwonoonyi era okusaba okuwolereza kubeera kusaba dua.
Era mazima hadith nyingi eziraga omusiramu okusabira musiramu munne aba amuwolerezza. Byava ku Ibn Abbas, nga naye yabijja ku mubaka wakatonda (s.a.w), yagamba:
Teri musajja musiramu afa, nebamusaalira abasajja abawera amakumi ana nga era tebagatta kukatonda kintu kyonna, okujjako katonda abafuula abawolereza omufu oyo”.([4])
Mazima kyajja Muhadith eyo nti “katonda abafuula abamuwolereza”, amakulu, abo abamusabira.
Era okusinziira ku hadith eyo, singa omusajja akola ekiraamo – nga akyaali mubulamuubwe – n’agamba nti abasajja makumi ana mumikwaanogye abesigwa bebagenda okumusaalira era bamusabire oluvanyuma lwokufa, kiba kiraga nti yabasaba kumuwolereza okuva mubo era n’abeera nga yetekeratekera yye kennyini abaddu bakatonda abagenda okumuwolereza.
Albukhar yatongola omulyango mulamba mukitabokye wansi w’omutwe “Bwebaasabanga Imam abasabire okunyweesebwa, tebaalemanga kwanukulwa”, era n’ateekamu omulyango omulala “Bamushirikiina bwebaasabanga okuwolerezebwa okuva eri abasiramu mubiseera byekyeeya”.([5])
Era hadith zeyayogera mumiryango egyo ebiri ziraga nti okusaba okuwolerezebwa, kubeera nga kusaba dua, era tekisaana kuleeta makulu malala.
Okwesembesa okusooka kukomye wano, oluvanyuma olwokukikakasa nti okusaba okuwolereza kubeera kusaba dua, awatali kirala.
Kati nno, katutandike ensonga eyokubiri egamba:
“Okugamba omukkiriza okukusabira, kyagalibwa, naye ate kibeera kitya nga ogambye banabbi n’abagalwa ba Allah?!
Aya zaQur’an nyingi ezikakasa nti okusaba Nabbi (s.a.w) abeere nga asaba katonda okusonyiwa abamu mubaddube, kyamugaso era kirungi nyo...
Allah agamba:
“Saba okusonyiyizibwa ebyonoonobyo era osabire n’abakkiriza”.([6])
“Era basabire, mazima okubasabiraakwo, bwebutebenkevu bwaabwe”.([7])
Kale edua ya Nabbi (s.a.w), bwebeera nga erina omugaso ogwamaanyi ogwo bwegutyo, nebigivaamu nga birungi bwebityo, kiki ekiba kigaana omuntu okusaba Nabbi abeere nga amusabira, awamu n’okubeera nga tumanyi nti okumusaba edua kubeera kumusaba kuwolerezebwa ...
Allah agamba:
“Singa bbo, mukiseera awo kyebeeryazamanyirizaamu emitima gyaabwe baakujjira nebasaba katonda okubasonyiwa, nomubaka naye nabasabira okubasonyiwa, balisanze katonda nga musonyiyi era nga musaasizi”.([8])
Amakulu gekigambo “bakujjira”, kwekubeera nga bagenda eri Nabbi, bamusabe abasabire katonda okubasonyiwa, era bwekitabeera ekyo, okugenda kwaabwe kubeera kwamuzannyo okutalina makulu.
Mazima okufuna ekitiibwa ekyokugenda eri Nabbi (s.a.w), nokumusaba edua, nokubasabira katonda okubasonyiwa kabonero akalaga okutereera kwemitima gyaabwe n’okufuna enkyuuka eyinza okubasobozesa okwanukulwa kw’okusaba.
Kigambibwa nti abaana ba Yaqub, baasaba taata waabwe okubasabira katonda okubasonyiwa, era Nabbi Yaqub naye nakkiriza, n’atukiriza endagaano.
Era Qur’an wegambira:
“Baagamba: taata waffe, tusabire okusonyiyizibwa ebyonoono byaffe, mazima twaali basobya. N’agamba: nja kubasabira okusonyiyibwa okuva eri omulezi wange...”([9])
Mazima Aya ezo zonna ziwa obukakafu nti okuwanjagira Banabbi nabalongoofu babeere nga bakusabira katonda edua oba okuwolerezebwa, tekimenya mateeka gabusiramu wadde okwawukana nebipimo byaabwo.
Owange gwe omusomi, hadith nazo ziwerako ezogera kunsonga eyokusaba abagalwa bakatonda abolongoofu babeere nga batusabira katonda okutumalira ebyetaago. Hadith ezo, tetuzireese olwobutaagala kuwanvuya.
Tarimidh yagamba mukitabokye, okuva ku Anas, yagamba:
“Nasaba Nabbi okumpolereza kulunaku olwenkomerero, n’agamba: nja kukikola. Nemmugamba: ndikunonyezaawa? N’agamba: kulutindo.”([10])
Ne Sawad bn Qaarib yajja eri omubaka wakatonda (s.a.w) nga amusaba okumuwolereza. Obumu kubunyiriri bweyakozesa:
Beera omuwolereza wange olunaku lwewatagenda kubeera
Muwolereza. Weyimirire wadde mukantu akatono ku Sawaad bn Qaarib.([11])
Era byajja mubyafayo nti waaliyo omusajja nga ayitibwa “Tubba-u”, yaliwo emyaaka lukumi n’okusoba oluberyeberye lwaNabbi (s.a.w). Naye nga omusajja oyo yali yakifunako nti Nabbi owomulembe ogwenkomerero, ajja kuva makka. Kale kyeyava awandiika ekitabo n’akiwa abamu mubolulyoolwe nga ayagala bakikwaase omubaka wakatonda (s.a.w), yannyonyola mukitabo ekyo, obusiramubwe, obukkirizaabwe, era nti wamukibiina kyamubaka wakatonda. Ebimu kubyajja mukyo:
“Bwendiba sikusanze, ompolerezanga olunaku lwenkomerero, era tonnerabiranga”.
Omusajja oyo, yafa, ekitabo nekitambulira mumikono gyabantu okutuusa Nabbi (s.a.w) bweyatumwa, nekimutuukako, n’agamba – emirundi esatu:
“Nsanyuse olwamuganda wange omulongoofu”.([12])
kale okusaba okuwolerezebwa, bwekuba nga kubeera kugatta kukatonda , lwaaki Nabbi (s.a.w) yayogera kumusajja oyo “Tubba-u” nti “Seruganda mulongoofu” oluvanyuma olwokugamba nti “nsanyuse” emirundi esatu?
Ezo zezimu kuhadith eziraga era ezinyweeza obutuufu bwokusaba okusabirwa nokuwolerezebwa okuva eri omubaka wakatonda (s.a.w) mubulamuubwe obwekitiibwa.
Tufuna okuva muhadith eziwerako nti Baswahaaba baali basabanga okuwolerezebwa okuva eri omubaka wakatonda (s.a.w) oluvanyuma lwokufaakwe.
Ebyokulabirako:
1- Ibn Abbas yagamba: Amiirul Muminiina – Ali (a.s) – bweyamala okunaaza Nabbi (s.a.w), yagamba:
“Ndayidde eyakola taata wange nemaama ... walunjiwa mubulamu nemukufa ... tujjukire eri omuleziwo”([13])
2- Era kigambibwa nti omubaka wakatonda (s.a.w) bwamala okufa, Abubakar yamubikkula ekyeenyi nakinywegera, oluvanyuma n’agamba:
“Ndayidde katonda oyo eyakola taata nennyabo wange walunjiwa mubulamu nemukufa, tujjukire eri omuleziwo”([14])
Mazima riwaya ezo ebbiri – nendala ezizifanana – zitulaga nti tewali njawulo wakati wokusaba omuwolereza okukuwolereza mubulamubwe noluvanyuma lwokufaakwe. Era Baswahaaba baali basabanga Nabbi (s.a.w) okubasabira oluvanyuma lwokufaakwe. Kale okumusaba okukusabira bwekuba nga kutuufu oluvanyuma lwokufaakwe, kiba kiraga nti nokumusaba okuwolerezebwa – okwo okulinga okusaba edua – kubeera kutuufu.([15])
Nenkomerero yabyonna: oluvanyuma olwokwesigamira kw’ebyo byetunyonyodde, nga, Aya zaQur’an, hadith nenkola yabasiramu – mumirembe egyo gyonna nebyaasa – kiba kyeraga kyokka nti okusaba okuwolerezebwa, nsonga emanyiddwa era temuli kubuusabuusa.
([1]) Alhadiyya Saniyya – Risaalat Thania – pg. 41.
([2]) 4: 85.
([3]) Tafsiir Fakhir Raazi: Juzu 7, pg. 33, 34.
([4]) Swahiih Muslim: Juzu 3, pg. 54.
([5]) Swahiihul Bukhar: Juzu 1.
([6]) 47: 19.
([7]) 9: 103.
([8]) 4: 64.
([9]) 12: 97 – 98.
([10]) Sunan Tarimidh: Juzu 4, pg. 42, Baabu: Ma Jaa-a fi Sha-an swiraat.
([11]) Ddarar Saniyya: ekya zaine Dahlaan, pg. 29.
([12]) – Almanaaqib: ekya Shaharaa Shub, Juzu 1, pg. 16.
- Bihaaril Aniwaar: Juzu 15, pg. 224.
([13]) Nahjul Balagh: khutuba no 230.
([14]) kashiful Iritiyaab: pg. 65.
([15]) Twatongola ekitabo kiramba ekikwaata ku Shafa-a (okuwolereza), netunyonyolamu hadith kikumi – 44 okuva mubitabo byabasunni, ate ezisigadde, mubitabo byabashiya.
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