MINISITA omubeezi avunaanyizibwa ku butonde bw’ensi, Flavia Munaaba Nabugere, agenze buku¬birire e Muyenga awali ekivundu ekisaanikidde ekitundu n’atuula n’abakulembeze b’ekitundu ne bayisa amateeka amakakali aga¬naayamba okunogera ekizibu kino eddagala.
Olukiiko luno olwatudde ku Muyenga Community Hall, ku Lwokuna lwetabiddwaamu n’abakungu okuva mu bitongole nga KCCA, National Water n’ekya NEMA, ekivunaanyizibwa ku kukuuma obutonde bw’ensi.
Olukiiko lwakubiriziddwa, Yasin Omar, ssentebe wa LC 1, owa Muyenga Hill. Minisita yennyamidde olw’ebitongole bya gavu¬menti eby’enjawulo okuba nga biremeddwa okukolera awamu okulwanyisa abantu abazimba mu ntobazzi.
Yanenyezza KCCA okuwa abantu pulaani z’okuzimba mu ntobazzi. Minisitule y’ebyettaka y’efulumya ebyapa ku ttaka ly’entobazzi ate ekitongole kya NEMA kiwa abazimba ebbaluwa ezibakkiriza okuzimba mu nto¬bazzi kuno gattako ekitongole ky’amazzi ekya National Water, ekitafuddeeyo ku kukuuma ettaka eririna okulekebwayo nga tonanatuuka ku mazzi.
Abakulembeze ba LC okuva mu bitundu by’e Bugoloobi ne Bukasa ebisinze okukosebwa baategee¬zezza minisita nti wadde bulijjo embeera ebadde mbi, mu kiseera kino olw’okuba ng’omusana gwase nnyo, beesanze ng’amazzi tegakyasobola kutambuza bikyafu ebitambulira mu mwala ekivundu ne kyeyongera.
Minisita yagambye nti amateeka gano singa tegassibwa mu nkola, eggwanga lyolekedde okufuuka eddungu kubanga mu kiseera kino ennyanja evunze, nga yeetaaga okutaasa mu bwangu okusinziira ku mbeera y’omugga gw’e Nakivubo nga bwe guli. Kibi nyo okutabula amazzi amabi namalungi awamu.
Bino Katikkiro yabyogedde bwe yabadde alambuza Obuganda omulimu ogukolebwa ku Masiro e Kasubi eggulo ku Ssande n’asiima bonna abali ku mulimu era n’agamba nti omulimu guno gulina okutambuzibwa okusinziira mu mitendera.
Ssentebe w’olukiiko oluvunaanyizibwa ku kuzzaawo Amasiro, Al- Haji Kaddu Kiberu yategeezezza ng’okutusibwa kwa langi ebadde emaze ebbanga eddene ng’erindirirwa bwe kiguddewo essula empya mu kuzzaawo Amasiro gano.
Kaddu yagambye nti “ Essa kwe tutuuse, omulimu guno gusigadde mu mikono gy’abantu babiri ate bonna nga bataka; Kasujja ne Muteesasira era mubadde mugamba nti tubadde tutambudde mpola naye nange ngenda kubakanda ebyetaagisa ebirala okuli essubi, emmuli, amavuvume n’ebirala.
Omutaka Muteesasira Tendo Keeya yagambye nti ttiimu ye ey’Abagirinya yamaze dda okugitendeka era yeetegese okutandika omulimu gw’okulasa akasolya k’enju Muzibu Azala Mpanga ate n’oluvannyuma akwase Wabulakayole ( Omusige okuva ewa Kasujja), omulimu gw’okusereka.
“ Omulimu oguddako muzito era muzibu. Mu mbeera eno gugenda kutambula mpola kubanga eby’obuwangwa tebikubibwamu mavuunya n’olwekyo tulina okugendera mu mitendera,” Omumyuka owookubiri owa Katikkiro era Minisita w’obulambuzi, obuwangwa n’ennono Haji Muhamood Sekimpi bwe yagambye.
Langi ebadde erindiriddwa okuva e Girimani yatuusibwa wiiki ewedde nga kwajjirako omukugu era nga gulondoolwa aba kkampuni ya langi Peacock ng’olunaku lw’eggulo ( Ssande) baalaze abantu abaabadde e Kasubi engeri langi eno eyatereddwaako gy’egenda okutaasaamu Amasiro.
Allan Kibirige ku lwa Peacock yannyonnyodde nti, “ Langi eno eyamba okutaasa omuliro ne gutasanyawo Masiro okumala essaawa bbiri ng’abazinyamwoto bwe bajja. Mu ngeri
y’emu egenda kuyamba okuwangaaza enju eno.
Omuwanika w’olukiiko lw’Amasiro, Gaster Lule Ntakke yalangiridde ensimbi 5,019,700/- nga ku zino Pius Mugalaasi n’omutuba gwa Katulami e Kisunku mu ssiga lya Jjumba mu kika ky’enkima gwakulembera yaleeseeko obukadde buna. Ntakke yagambye nti ensimbi zino zigenda kusigala Kasubi okukola ku nsonga ez’enjawulo okuli amasannyalaze n’amazzi agatawaanya abagasulamu.
To The United Nation Commission of The International Court of Justice,
C-553
Palais des Nations
CH-1211 Genève 10
Switzerland
Tel.: +41-022/917 32 76DC2-0610
2 United Nations Plaza
New York, N.Y. 10017
USA
Tel.: +1-212/963 81 38
12th April, 2014
GGWANGA MUJJE
ABAGANDA MWENNA
GGWANGA MUJJE.
Ba Ssebo ne ba Nnyabo,
EBY’AFAAYO MU MUSANGO OBWAKABAKA BWA BUGANDA GWE BUVUNAANA BUNGEREZA OLW’EBIVVE BYE BAABUTUUSAAKO BUKYANGA BAJJA MU BUGANDA
Enyanjula:
Ffe Abaana n’Abazzukulu b’Obwakabaka bwa Buganda abakunganira mu Lukiiko lw’Abazzukulu n’Abataka b’Ebika bya Buganda, tuwawaabira gavumenti ya Bungereza mu mbuga z’amateeka omusango gw’okufutyanka n’okutyoboola Obwakabaka bwa Buganda. Tuvunaana Bungereza ebikolobero by’ezze ekola ku Buganda n’abantu Abaganda okuviira ddala ku mirembe gya Kabaka Mukaabya Walugembe Muteesa I okutuuka olwaleero ku Kabaka Muwenda Mutebi II.
Ebyafaayo bya bajjajjaffe okuva ku mirembe gya Kabaka Ssuuna biraga nti Buganda n’Abaganda baabeerawo bulungi mu ddembe nga bakolagana n’abagwira naddala Abawalabu. Naye ku mirembe gya Kabaka Mukaabya Walugembe Muteesa I, Abangereza n’abeeru abalala okuva ku lukalu lwa Bulaaya baatuuka mu Buganda.
Ekyaleeta Abangereza mu Buganda
Mu 1862 John Speke ne Grant baatuuka wano ng’abalambuzi nti baali balambula nsibuko ya mugga Kiyira era mu bujoozi ne batuuma omugga ogwo Nile n'ennyanja yaffe Nalubaale ne bagiwa elinnya lya Nabakyala waabwe Victoria. Colonel Chaille’long ye yaddako mu 1874 ne Henry Marton Stanley n’atuuka mu 1875 ne yeegattibwako Colonel Linant de Bellefonds. Oluvannyuma bannaddiini baatandika okutuuka, Rev. CT Wilson ne Lt GS Smith be baasooka mu 1877 nga June 30. Eng. Alexander Mackay y’omu ku bannaddiini Abangereza abakugu omunaana (8) abaasooka okujja mu Buganda nga basindikiddwa gavumenti ya Bungereza era yatuuka mu November wa 1878. Bannaddiini abalala bangi kino kye kiseera mwe baatuukira mu Buganda nga bonna basooka kweyanjula mu lubiri lwa Kabaka Walugembe Muteesa I.
Mu bufunze eyo y’engeri Abangereza gye baatuukamu mu Ggwanga Buganda, nga baawa ekifaananyi nti baali balambuzi abanoonya ensibuko y’omugga Kiyira (Nile), ng’era omubbi olw’olukujjukujju (conman) yenna bwe yandikoze okubuzaabuza. Ekituufu ekyabaleeta e Buganda;
Obujulizi ku mazima gano tubusanga mu report za Speke ne Grant n’abalala ze baawerezanga bakama baabwe e Bungereza. Mu report zino baayogeranga ku;
a. we batuusizza olutalo lw’okulwanyisa obuwulize bwa Baganda bannansi eri Kabaka waabwe,
b. we batuuse mu lutalo lw’okunyaga obuyinza bwa Kabaka wa Buganda n’okudibya Obuwangwa n’enkola y’Obulombolombo mu Baganda.
Kyokka ebyafaayo biraga nti ne wandibadde nga baalemwa okuwangula Kabaka Muteesa I Walugembe, era ebiro ebyo Obwakabaka bwa Buganda bwasigala bukyali bwa maanyi nga Kabaka Muteesa I mulamu.
Kabaka Mwanga ne Banaddiini
Kabaka Mwanga II olwalya Obuganda mu 1884, olwo Abangereza ne batanula olutalo olw’okulwanyisa obuyinzabwe nga bayitira mu maddiini nga bakozesa abantube bennyini abaali baweereza Kabaka mu Lubiri lwe, era okukkakkana nga batonzeewo ebibiina by’obufuzi bisatu (3) ebyasooka mu Buganda nga bye bino eby’emyooyo;
• ekibiina ky’Abakatoliki (Abafalansa),
• eky’Abapoletesitanti (Abangereza)
• n’Abayisiraamu (Abamuhamadi).
Ebibiina ebyo Abazungu baabiyitiramu okutendeka abaana Abaganda okuyiga okujeemera abakulu baabwe nga Kabaka, Bajjajjaabwe Abataka abakulu b’Ebika n’Abalangira. Kale abaana Abaganda ab’omulembe ogwo gwonna ne babakyayisa obuwangwa n’empisa yaabwe ennansi, n’ebyebwe eby’omusaayi, nabo bennyini ne beekyawa. Ekiseera bwe kyatuuka okusikira bakadde baabwe ku buvunaanyizibwa bw’ensikirano mu Lubiri, abaana bano baayolesa emputtu, obunyoomi n’obujeemu eby’ekitalo eri Kabaka Mwanga II ne Bajjajjaabwe abataka abakulu b’ebika. Abaana baakola ekyo nga beesingisa abakulu baabwe mu maddiini era nga baatula nti Kabaka Mwanga si Kabaka waabwe. Omusango gwabasinga ne basalirwa kwokebwa muliro mu ttambiro e Namugongo ew’Omumbowa Mukaajanga.
Abazungu baasinziira ku bujeemu abaana abo Abaganda bwe baali bayolesezza ne batandika okukola kakuyege wonna mu Bwakabaka bwa Buganda nga balimirira Kabaka Mwanga abantube Abaganda bamukyawe nti olw’okuba yali ayokezza bannaddiini (bannalukalala), era ne babatuuma bajulizi ba Ddiini. Okwo kwali kulengezza na kutyoboola Kabaka Mwanga mu Ggwanga lye era kyakosa nyo Abaganda na kaakano.
Tebaakoma okwo ne bateekawo embeera y’okuvuma, okuyimbirira mu ngeri elengezza n’okuyigganya Abaganda abaalemera ku kugoberera Obuwangwa, Kabaka n’okukolanga Obulombolombo era oluusi baabattanga mu kyama. Kye tuva tulaba nti omulembe gwa Kabaka Mwanga gwabuutikirwa entalo z’eddini ezaali entemu nga zigendererwamu okumunafuya mu bantube Abaganda okumuggyako obuyinza buddire Abazungu, ng’Abaganda bavudde mu kuwa Kabaka Mwanga obuwulize bwabwe babuwe Abazungu abagwiira bannaddiini.
Abaganda battibwa entalo z’eddiini mu Buganda
Bungereza yatandika okuweereza bannabyabufuzi nga belimbise mu ddiini mu Bwakabaka bwa Buganda era mu 1889 Mwami Charles Stokes ye Mungereza munnabyabufuzi eyasooka okulinnya ekigere ku ttaka ly’Obwakabaka bwa Buganda. Yaddirirwa Dr. Carl Peters mu 1890 era n’agobererwa munnamajje captain FD Lugard nga yeelimbise mu kisiikirize kya kampuni ya Bungereza eyitibwa Imperial British East African Company (IBEAC). Okuyitira mu IBEAC, Bungereza yatuma Kapitani FD Lugard okujja e Buganda ng’emuwadde olukusa okukola kyonna ekisoboka okukkakkanya Obwakabaka bwa Buganda ne Kabaka Mwanga. Era Lugard yaweebwa ebitundu bino we yali alina okussa essira;
i. okulemesa Abaganda okussa ekitiibwa mu Buwangwa bwabwe ng’akozesa eddiini okubalemesa okukola Obulombolombo,
ii. okulemesa kabaka Mwanga okufuna obuwulize bw’abantube Abaganda ng’akozesa bambega ba Bungereza nga Apolo Kaggwa, Zakaria Kisingiri, Ham Mukasa n’abalala okutabangulanga enkiiko ze yakubanga mu Lubirilwe,
iii. era n’okukuumira Obwakabaka bwa Buganda mu ntalo z’eddiini wabulewo obutebenkevu okutuusa ng’Abangereza batuuse ku bigendererwa byabwe okuwamba Kabaka Mwanga n’Obuganda bateekewo obufuzi bwabwe nga bamaze okusaanyaawo obukulembeze bwa Buganda obw’Obuwangwa n’Ennono.
Entalo z’eddiini zaabuutikira Obwakabaka bwa Buganda ng’Abangereza abagwira beekobaanye ne bakalinkwe abaddugavu nga Apolo Kaggwa, Semei Kakungulu Lwakirenzi n’abalala okugoba Kabaka ku Bwakabaka bwa Buganda. Mu 1892, Kapitani Lugard ye yali aliwo mu kifo ng’omubaka wa Bungereza ku lwa IBEAC nga ebikolobero bino byonna bikolwa ku Bwakabaka bwa Buganda. Abaganda bangi nnyo ddala battibwa mu lutalo olwali ku lusozi Lubaga. Omungereza Lugard ng’akozesa emmundu ey’omulembe sseluwandula masasi yalumba Kabaka Mwanga mu Lubiri lwe e Mmengo n’amugoba okutuuka ku kizinga Bulingugwe. Kyali kirabika lwatu nti Lugard n’abantube aba Bungereza baali bavuganya butereevu n’obuyinza bwa Kabaka Mwanga ku Namulondo y’Obukulembeze bwa Buganda obw’Obuwangwa n’Ennono.
Oluvannyuma mu 1893 abafuzi abalala Abangereza nga William Mackinnon, Sir Gerald Portal ne Colonel Henry Colville baatuuka mu Buganda ng’ekibaleese kulaba ngeri gye bakomya obukulembeze bw’Obwakabaka bwa Buganda obw’Obuwangwa n’Ennono bateekewo enfuga eyaabwe ey’ebiwandiiko (eya Ey’entegeeragana). Era Abangereza bano baali bazze kubuzaabuza ebikolobero Kapitani Lugard bye yali akoze Abaganda mu 1892.
Mu 1894 Sir Fredrick Jackson ye yaliwo ng’omufuzi akiikirira Bungereza okuyigganya Buganda. Olw’amaanyi g’emmundu n’emizinga amangi ye ne Lugard ge baalina ebiro ebyo, Sir Fredrick Jackson yatanula okunyigiriza Kabaka Mwanga ng’amukaka okukola ebiwaayo e Ggwanga lye Buganda mu mikono gya Bungereza. Era mu mwaka 1894 Bungereza ng’ekozesa Sir Fredrick Jackson ne Lugard yagulirira Katikkiro Apolo Kaggwa Gulemye n’okumusuubiza okumufuula omufuzi wa Buganda ow’okuntikko nga bamaze okuggyawo Kabaka Mwanga ng’era Obwakabaka bwa Buganda buli wansi wa Bungereza. Sir Fredrick Jackson ne Lugard beekobaana ne Katikkiro Appolo Kaggwa ayambe ku Bungereza okusuula Kabaka Mwanga mu katego k’okukola endagaano. Apolo Kaggwa yatandika okutiisatiisa Kabaka Mwanga ng’era amuwa amagezi akkirize okukola endagaano n’Abangereza awone okumugoba ku Bwakabaka bwe.
Kabaka Mwanga bwe yabigaana olwo Sir Fredrick Jackson, Lugard ne Katikkiro Apolo Kaggwa ne kibinja kya bakalinkwe baawandiika endagaano nga basuubira Sir Fredrick Jackson ne Lugard okukozesa entiisa y’emmundu n’emizinga gye baalina okukaka Kabaka Mwanga okuteeka omukono ku ndagaano ewaayo ensi ye. Mu bugunjufu bw’amateeka eyo tebeera ndagaano mu butuufu. Ekiwandiiko ekyo (endagaano ya 1894) Lugard yagitwala mu Lubiri ewa Kabaka Mwanga wakati mu bukuumi bw’emmundu n’abalwanyi abangi era Katikkiro Apolo Kaggwa yali yayise olukiiko lwa Kabaka nga ne Kabaka Mwanga tamanyi. Lugard yaggyayo endagaanoye era Katikkiro Apolo Kaggwa ye yagisomeramu Kabaka Mwanga n’Olukiikolwe. Kabaka Mwanga yagaanira ddala okuteeka omukono ku ndagaano eyo nga wadde waaliwo entiisa y’emmundu nyingi nga n’Abaami abakiise b’Olukiiko baali mu kutya. Nga balemeddwa okufuna omukono gwa Kabaka Mwanga ku kiwandiiko kyabwe, baasalawo Apolo Kaggwa Gulemye y’aba akiteekako omukono mu kifo kya Kabaka. Ekyo kiwemula mu Buwangwa n’Ennono ya Buganda. Katikkiro abeera mukopi nga muzzukulu era takkirizibwa kusalawo nga Kabakawe agaanyi.
Eyo ye yali emmanduso y’obukyayi obw’olwatu Katikkiro Apolo Kaggwa bwe yatandika okulaga, era Kabaka Mwanga yeesanga mu ntalo ezitaaliko mulamwa nnyingi. Obutali butebenkevu bwabeeranga mu lukiiko lwa Kabaka Mwanga nga tebumanyikako nsonga kwe buva wabula okugamba obugambi nti ntalo za ddiini oba Kabaka Mwanga ayagala kugobaganya bagwira mu Buganda. Olwo Sir Fredrick Jackson, Lugard, Kaggwa Apolo n’abantu baabwe ne balabika nti be baali baliwo ng’abaataasa embeera eyo ate nga be baagileeta.
Bungereza etyoboola Kabaka Mwanga
Abangereza Kabaka Mwanga baamufuulira ddala ekisekererwa nga bamuvuma lwatu mu masinzizo gaabwe yonna era ng’obulamuzibwe buwakanyizibwa abaami n’abakungu abamu abakiise mu Lukiikolwe abawagira Bungereza, nga byonna bitegekebwa Bungereza, Katikkiro Apolo Kaggwa n’ekinywi kyabwe. Ekyo kyali kya bujoozi era Kabaka Mwanga olwakitegeera kyamunyiiza nyo. Sir Fredrick Jackson, Katikkiro Apolo Kaggwa n’ekinywi olwamanya nti Kabaka Mwanga olukwe alutegedde nga ne Katikkiro amutegedde nti kirumira mpuyi bbiri (mbega), olwo Bungereza, Kaggwa Apolo n’eggye lyabwe elyali ku lusozi Kampala Mukadde ne basalawo okulumba Kabaka Mwanga mu lubiri lwe e Mmengo bamutte. Okukkakkana nga Kabaka Mwanga awa%u014Bangukidde e Mwanza era ng’abantube Abaganda bangi battiddwa.
Mu 1897 nga bamaze okugoba Kabaka Mwanga, Sir Fredrick Jackson yalangirira nti Katikkiro Apolo Kaggwa ye Kabaka wa Buganda nti era gavumenti ya Nabakyala e Bungereza gwe yeetegese okukolagana naye ku nsonga z’okufuga Obwakabaka bwa Buganda kubanga Mwanga yali mujeemu. Ekyo kyawuniikiriza Abaganda bonna kyenkanyi era ne kibamalamu enjawukana entalo z’eddiini n’obulimba bw’abangereza bwe zaali zibaleeseemu. Bonna baagaana Apolo Kaggwa okubeera Kabaka wa Buganda. Ne bawa ensonga bbiri;
a) esooka Katikkiro Apolo Kaggwa teyali wa nsikirano y’Abalangira, kale teyali mulangira. Obuwangwa bulambika nti Kabaka wa Buganda ava mu lulyo olulangira lwokka,
b) ekirala Katikkiro Apolo Kaggwa teyalina nsikirano mu bika bya Buganda, kale teyali Muganda. Obuwangwa bulambika nti emikolo n’obulombolombo bw’Obwakabaka bwa Buganda gikolebwa ku Baganda bokka. Tewali mutaka mukulu wa kika yalina busobozi ku mukolako mukolo gwa Buwangwa nga Kabaka.
Okwo kwe baagatta n’okuba nti Apolo Kaggwa yali alidde olukwe mu Kabakawe kale yali takyayinza kwesigika ku kifo kya bukulembeze kyonna mu Bwakabaka bwa Buganda.
Bungereza eteeka Ccwa omuwere ku Namulondo
Eky’okufuula Katikkiro Apolo Kaggwa Kabaka wa Buganda bwe kyalema, Abaganda ne batanula okubanja Bungereza ne Katikkiro Apolo Kaggwa okuzza Kabaka waabwe Mwanga mu Lubiri ave mu buwa%u014Banguse gye baali baamugobera. Sir Fredrick Jackson ne Katikkiro Apolo Kaggwa tebakkiriza kya kukomyawo Kabaka Mwanga wabula baasala amagezi okuleeta omuntu gwe banaasobola okufuga.
Olw’okuba Abaganda baawanuuza Obuwangwa nti Kabaka ateekwa kubeera mulangira, Sir Fredrick Jackson ne Apolo Kaggwa ne Ham Mukasa kwe kufuna omwana wa Kabaka Mwanga omuwere ow’emyezi ekkumi n’ebiri (12) ayitibwa Omulangira Ccwa Nabakka ne balangirira nti ye yali asikidde kitaawe Kabaka Mwanga ku Bwakabaka bwa Buganda. Ekyo kyali kivve kyennyini mu Buwangwa bwa Buganda omwana okusika ng’omukulu akyali mulamu. Ekirala omwana omuwere talya Bwakabaka e Buganda kubanga tewali kalombolombo na mukolo gw’asobola kutuukiriza. Era omulangira Ccwa teyayita mu mitendera gitwala omulangira okulya Obuganda. Okugeza teyalondebwa lukiiko lwa balangira abakulu b’emituba, teyabikka Kabugo ku Kabaka Mwanga kubanga Kabaka Mwanga yali akyaliyo nga mulamu.
Sir Fredrick Jackson, Katikkiro Apolo Kaggwa, Ham Mukasa n’ekinywi baagaana oky’okuzza Kabaka Mwanga ku Bwakabaka ne banyweerera ku Mulangira Ccwa omuwere nti ye Kabaka bo gwe baali bamanyi kubanga yali musaayi ddala ogwa Kabaka Mwanga. Abaganda baatandika okusala enkwe okulwana okuzza kabaka waabwe Mwanga ku Bwakabaka bwe. Era entalo ezaddirira nga Kabaka Mwanga akomyewo e Buganda okuva e Mwanza zaali za maanyi nnyo mu masaza Buddu, Kabula, Buweekula ne Mawokota.
Colonel Ternan awamba Kabaka Mwanga e Bukedi
Ejje lya Bungereza n’abantu baalyo Apolo Kaggwa, Semei Kakungulu ne bannaabwe elyali liduumirwa colonel Ternan baawangula Kabaka Mwanga n’Abaganda kubanga oludda lw’Abangereza baalina emizinga ate nga baaleeta abantu abagwira bangi okubayambako okuwangula Kabaka wa Buganda n’Abaganda. Okugeza baaleeta Abanubbi, Abasudani, Abaswayili, Abayindi n’Abawalabu okuva ku nsalo e Mombasa.
Kabaka Mwanga yadduka n’abantube ne bagenda e Bunyoro ewa Kabaka Kaabaleega ne basalawo beegatte mu lutalo balwaane okugoba Omungereza mu nsi zaabwe. Olutalo olw’amaanyi lwali Bukedi e Lango mu 1899, era Abaganda n’Abanyoro bangi battibwa eggye lya Bungereza. Omwo mwe mwafiira omwana wa Kabaka Kaabaleega era Semei Kakungulu Lwakirenzi ye yawamba Kabakawe Mwanga ne Kaabaleega n’abaleeta ku lusozi Kampala Mukadde ewaali ekitebe kyabwe Abangereza.
Bungereza ewa%u014Bangusa Kabaka Mwanga
Awo Bungereza yali etumye Sir Harry Johnston nga yaali ku kitebe ku lusozi Kampala Mukadde, era gavana Johnston ne Katikkiro Kaggwa we basinziira okuyisa n’okuteeka emikono ku kiragiro okuwa%u014Bangusa Kabaka Mwanga ne Kaabaleega ku bizinga e Sychelles. Ekyo kyali kikolwa kya bujoozi ekisuubirwa okukolwa abantu abatali bagunjufu nga gavumenti ya Bungereza. Omugwira okukajjala n’awa%u014Bangusa Kabaka w’eGgwanga eggunjufu nga Buganda kyali tekisuubirwa kukolwa Bantu ng’Abangereza.
Nga Kabaka Mwanga amaze okuvaawo mu 1899, Abangereza ne bakalinkwe baabwe abaddugavu baagunjaawo enkola y’abakuza era ne beelodamu abantu basatu be baali bakakasa nti tebaagalira ddala Kabaka Mwanga n’Obuwangwa bw’Obwakabaka bwa Buganda nga ye Katikkiro Apolo Kaggwa Gulemye, Omulamuzi Stanisilas Mugwanya n’Omuwanika Zakariya Kisingiri babeere abakuza b’Omulangira omuwere Ccwa Nabakka.
Mu Buwangwa bwa Buganda ekigambo bakuza tekirinaayo makulu kubanga abaana abafiirwako omuzadde taata oba maama, basigaza bataata ne bamaama bangi mu bika okubalabirira. Kale tewabeerawo muwaatwa guteekesaawo bakuza ba baana nga n’abakuza si ba musaayi gw’abaana abo. Kale ate ku mulangira Ccwa kyasukka obukyamu kubanga yali Kabaka.
Mu Buwangwa bwa Buganda Kabaka taba muto era takuzibwa, kubanga bw’ogamba nti abalangira ba kitaabe bamukuze olwo obeera obatadde ku Namulondo nga tewali kalombolombo kabagobako. Bw’ogamba nti abataka bamukuze, obuwangwa tebukkiriza bataka kutuula mu lukiiko lwa Balangira ng’Abalangira si be babayise, era abataka tebateeseza mu Lukiiko lwa Kabaka. Kale kizibu nyo ddala okwogera ekigambo bakuza mu buwangwa bwa Buganda ate naddala ku Kabaka.
Okuttibwa kwa Kabaka Mwanga n’endagaano ya 1900
Bungereza yali etumye gavana Sir Harry Johnston okuteekawo enfuga y’Ekingereza mu Bwakabaka bwa Buganda okudda mu y’Obukulembeze bwa Buganda ey’Obuwangwa n’Ennono. Gavana Johnston yategeka ekiwandiiko ng’ayambibwako abakulu mu maggye ga Bungereza, banna ddiini n’ebitongole by’Abangereza abakugu mu by’Obufuzi bw’amatwale n’obuddu ne bakakensa mu by’ettaka e Bungereza. Ekiwandiiko kino y’Endagaano ya 1900 gavana Johnston gye yayanjulira olukiiko lwe olufuzi olwali lutuulwako bakalinkwe abaddugavu n’Abangereza abakugu abaali batumiddwa gavumenti ya Bungereza okumuyambako okuttaanya enteekateeka z’okussa endagaano mu nkola wano mu Bwakabaka bwa Buganda mu Baganda.
Olukwe okutta Kabaka Mwanga
Mu lukiiko lw’endagaano ya 1900 gavana Johnston lwe yatuuza, yeebuuza ku bakalinkwe abaddugavu abaalulimu ku ngeri endagaano gye baalina gye yali eyinza okuteekebwaako emikono egigyifuula entuufu mu mateeka nga Bungereza esobola okugyesigamako ng’eddukanya omulimu gw’okufuga Obwakabaka bwa Buganda ng’ettwale lyayo. Apolo Kaggwa, Zakariya Kisingiri ne Stanisilas Mugwanya be bannyonnyola olukiiko lwa gavana Johnston nga bwe batayinza kubaako kye bateesa ku kuteeka emikono ku ndagaano eyo nga Kabaka Mwanga akyali mulamu, nti era Abaganda baali tebayinza kukkiriza nti Ccwa Nabakka ye Kabaka waabwe wadde nga ddala yali mwana wa Kabaka Mwanga, kubanga Obwakabaka tebuliibwa nga Kabaka abaddeko tannaba kuva mu bulamu bwa nsi. Era baategeeza gavana n’olukiiko nti ‘okusinziira ku bye baali balabye, singa Kabaka Mwanga alibeerako engeri gy’atolokamu e Sychelles n’alinnya ekigere kye ku ttaka lya Buganda olwo buli kimu kye baliba bakoze kiribeera kijunguluddwa.’ Gavana Johnston yababuuza amagezi ge baali bawa ku nsonga eyo era ne bamuddamu nti mu buli ngeri Kabaka Mwanga yali ateekwa kuttibwa ate kikakasibwe n’obujulizi nti ddala yali afudde.
Gavana Harry Johnston n’olukiikolwe bakkaanya batemule Kabaka wa Buganda Mwanga Basammulekkere. Ne balonda omusajja gwe baali tebabuusabuusa ku bukyayi bwe yalina ku Kabaka Mwanga n’Obwakabaka bwa Buganda. Ng’era bamumanyi nti yali mutabaazi omuzira atawunyikamu nga ye Katikkiro Apolo Kaggwa Gulemye, ne bamutuma okugenda ku bizinga e Sychelles atemule Kabakawe Mwanga Basammulekkere era akomyewo amawulire n’obujulizi mu lukiiko lwa gavana okukakasa nti Kabaka wa Buganda Mwanga yali akisizza omukono. Katikkiro Apolo Kaggwa Gulemye yakwata olugendo n’agenda mu bizinga e Sychelles gye yali awa%u014Bangusiriza Kabakawe Mwanga, n’amukwata n’amusiba ku muti ng’ayambibwako abakuumi abangereza. Katikkiro Apolo Kaggwa Gulemye yaggyayo akabundu akatono gavana Sir Harry Johnston ke yali amuwadde okutemuza Kabakawe Mwanga, era n’amukuba amasasi abiri mu nsingo ne gamuttirawo. Apolo Kaggwa yakomawo e Buganda mu lukiiko lw’Omungereza Sir Harry Johnston n’ebbaluwa y’omusawo okuva e Sychelles ekakasa nti Kabaka wa Buganda Mwanga Danieli Basammulekkere yali afude endwadde etawonyezeka.
Endagaano ya 1900
Gavana Sir Harry Johnston kye yasookerako kwali kuwa kalibutemu Katikkiro Apolo Kaggwa Gulemye ekitiibwa ekikulu mu Bungereza ekya “Sir”, era okuva kw’olwo ng’ayitibwa Sir Apolo Kaggwa Gulemye. Ekyaddako kwali kulangirira nti Kabaka Ccwa Nabakka ow’omwaka ogumu ye yali Kabaka wa Buganda gavumenti ya Bugereza gwe yali emanyi, nti era abakuzabe abasatu Sir Apolo Kaggwa, Zakariya Kisingiri ne Stanisilas Mugwanya baali batongozeddwa gavumenti ya Bungereza okukola mu kifo kya Kabaka Ccwa Nabakka omuwere okutuusa ng’akuze atuuse okulamula Obwakabaka bwa Buganda. Okuva kw’olwo obuvunaanyizibwa bwa Kabaka wa Buganda bwonna bwawambibwa abakuza. Olwo eby’emikono egitongoza endagaano ya 1900 ey’ekibbi byali bibagondedde kubanga be baalina obuyinza bwa Kabaka wa Buganda Ccwa Nabakka.
Kale byonna ebyali mu kiwandiiko ekyafuulibwa endagaano ya 1900 eyawaayo Obwakabaka bwa Buganda n’ebintu byabwo okw’eddizibwa Abangereza abagwira, tekyaliko kusunsulwa bannansi bannannyini Ggwanga Buganda. Wabula abagwira Abangereza baakulunga lukujjukujju n’abantu abataali ba nsonga mu bukulembeze bwa Buganda ne batemula, ne batirimbula, ne bafutiza n’okuwa%u014Bangusa abantu abatuufu bannannyini nsonga za Buganda. Olwo abantu abo abataali ba nsonga kyokka nga bawagizi nnyo ba bigendererwa bya Bungereza kubanga baali bafunamu, beefuula nti be bannannyini Buganda abasaanidde okugiteeseza n’okugisalirawo mu buli nsonga. Ekyo kyali kikyamu. Abataka n’Abalangira ba nnannyini nsonga baaliyo kyokka gavana wa Bungereza teyasobola kubanoonya okuggyako okwongera okubanyigiriza n’okubafufumya.
Oluvannyuma lw’ekiwandiiko eky’obutaliimu ekyafuulibwa endagaano ya 1900, gavumenti ya Bungereza yafuna obuyinza bungi nyo ku Bwakabaka bwa Buganda n’ebintu byabwo. Olwo nga Sir James Hayes Sadler ye gavana era awo gavana Hayes Sadler n’olukiikolwe we baakolera ekintu ekisinga obujoozi mu buwangwa bw’olulyo olulangira. Bwe baakomyawo enjole ya Kabaka Mwanga mu ngeri y’okweraga nti bagunjufu, ate baagigalamiza ku kitaawe mu masiro e Kasubi. Kya muzizo nnyo nnyo e Buganda okugatta ba Kabaka mu masiro ag’omulundi ogumu. Naye gavana Hayes Sadler yagaana okuwulirirza wadde ng’Abaganda abaaliwo Abalangira n’Abataka baamuwanjagira obutakola kivve bwe kityo ku Bwakaka bwa Buganda. Era yabakinaggukira nti Obulombolombo bw’Abaganda nkola ya sitaani nti era okusaasaanya emirabo gya ba Kabaka kwali kwonoona ttaka lya Buganda. Okwo kwali kutyoboola kitiibwa kya Buwangwa bwa Buganda era kwali kutukolako nsobi mu bugenderevu. Omuntu yenna ayinza okwebuuza nti;
a) gavumenti ya Bungereza yaggyawa obuyinza okuwa%u014Bama ku Ggwanga Buganda okutirimbula abantu baalyo Abaganda, okulifugisa entiisa y’emmundu, okwonoona Obuwangwa n’okubba eby’obugagga by’eGgwanga Buganda?’
b) ani yawa Bungereza obuyinza okuggyawo enkola y’ensikirano ku ttaka lya Buganda elyooke eligabanye nga bwe yayagala? Bungereza etandikira wa okugabira bannannyini Buganda ettaka lya Buganda? N’agabira Kabaka wa Buganda Ccwa Nabakka? N’agabira Abalangira n’Abambejja? N’agabira Abataka b’ebika bya Buganda naye nga Bungereza n’asigazaawo ettaka ly’ayita elilye (crown land)?
c) Abaganda bonna wamu balina obwannannyini obuzaale ku ttaka lya Buganda, kale mu buwangwa tewali Muganda omu bwati alina bwannannyini bwa nkomeredde ku kitundu kyonna ekye ttaka mu Bwakabaka bwa Buganda. Nga waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti abantu abatono ennyo abaali ku lusegere lw’Omungereza nga bakola ekkobaane be bokka abaafuna ettaka. Abaganda bannannyini Ggwanga tebaafuna, kyokka ne batandika okugobaganyizibwa mu bibanja n’ennimiro zaabwe nga abaali mu kkobaane ly’omungereza okumalawo Buganda abaali abafunye obwannannyini bw’ebyapa be babagoba. Bungereza eyinza okutulaga ekipimo ky’obwenkanya kye yakozesa okugabanya Abaganda bannansi ettaka lyabwe?
d) Ani yakkiriza Bungereza okukolera ettaka lya Buganda ebyapa? Buganda ebbanga lye yali emaze nga weeli n’enkola yaayo ey’ensikirano ku ttaka, Abangereza baasangawo enkaayana?
Obwannanyini ku ttaka lya Buganda buzaale si bwa byapa
Mu Buwangwa n’Ennono y’Obwakabaka bwa Buganda buli muntu Omuganda alina obwannannyini obuzaale mu nsikirano, so eddembe ly’okubeera ku ttaka mu Ggwanga lye Buganda terimuweebwa biwandiiko. Kaakano Bungereza yaggya wa obuyinza okuwandiika ebyapa ku ttaka lya Buganda? Obwo bwali bujoozi kubanga e Buganda waaliwo Obuwangwa n’Ennono ekuuma Abaganda ku ttaka lyabwe mu Ggwanga lyabwe Buganda.
Bungereza edibaga ebya Buganda
Bungereza yatandika okukozesa obuyinza bwe yali enyaze mu ndagaano ey’ekibbi eya 1900 okuleeta omujjuzo gw’abantu abagwira mu Buganda ne babagabira ettaka lya Buganda. Okugeza, baaleeta Uganda Kampuni ne bagigabira ettaka ly’e Lubowa ku freehold. Ne munnabyabufuzi Omungereza eyasooka okujja mu Buganda Charles Stokes yaweebwa mailo y’ettaka e Bbunga wano mu Buganda ng’asiimibwa emirimu emilungi gye yakolera Bungereza okuwangula Kabaka Mwanga n’Obuganda.
Olukwe lw’okugattika Buganda
Mu 1948 Bungereza yatanula okutondawo olukiiko lwa LEGICO nga lwe yali eyagala lufuge Buganda wadde nga mu Buganda waaliwo Obukulembeze obw’ensikirano nga ne Kabaka Muteesa II waali. Abaganda nga bali wamu ne Kabaka waabwe Muteesa II baagaana olukiiko lwa LEGICO okubafuga era ne bawa ensoga zino;
i. Endagaano eyakakaatikibwa ku Buganda eya 1900 Bungerera gye yali ekozesa okufuga Buganda temwalimu LEGICO,
ii. LEGICO yali egenda kutuulibwamu amawanga mangi nga kibeera kya bujoozi Bungereza okuyingiza Buganda mu LEGICO ng’Abaganda bannannyini nsi tebakkirizza,
iii. Bungereza okusaba Kabaka Muteesa II ababaka mukaaga (6) bokka nga be baali bagenda okukiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Buganda mu LEGICO ey’Amawanga amangi, kyali tekikola makulu.
a) Buganda yali terina nkizo gy’eyinza kukozesa kuyisaamu birowoozo byayo mu LEGICO so nga Buganda lyali Ggwanga ery’etongodde, nga si twale lya Bungereza.
b) Buganda yali teyinza kukuumira buwangwa na nnono yaayo mu LEGICO gyetaalina ddoboozi.
iv. Okuteekebwaawo kwa LEGICO ye yali entandikwa y’okuyiiya okutondawo Uganda ey’ekintabuli ky’amawanga Buganda mwe yali teyinza kuyingira kubanga yo lyali Ggwanga ely’etongodde.
Buganda ebanja Bungereza okukomya endagaano zaayo ne Buganda
Olw’ensonga ezo Abaganda baalengera ekigendererwa kya Bungereza eky’okuyingiza Buganda mu Uganda ey’ekintabuli mwe baali balengera ebizibu ebingi ennyo ebyali biyinza okutuuka ku Buganda. N’olwekyo Abaganda baasalawo Bungereza ekomye endagaano zonna ze yali erina ne Buganda, Buganda yeefuge yokka nga teyingiziddwa mu kintabuli kya Uganda. Kabaka Muteesa II yakulembera Abaganda okubanja Bungereza okukomya endagaano ze yali erina ne Buganda naye nga Bungereza tekikkiriza.
Kabaka Muteesa II awa%u014Bangusibwa
Mu 1950 ng’eno omuliro gwa Buganda okukomya endagaano ne Bungereza gwaka e Buganda, ate Bungereza n’eleetawo ekya East African Federation. Olwo mu ngeri y’okukulunga olukujjukujju n’okuyiikiriza, Bungereza n’ebaga ekiwandiiko nga kiyingiza Buganda mu Uganda ne mu East African Federation. Era mu bujoozi obw’ekitalo ne balagira Kabaka wa Buganda Muteesa II okukiteekako omukonogwe. Kabaka wa Buganda Muteesa II yakigaana, n’alagira kitwalibwe mu lukiiko lw’Obwakabaka bwa Buganda ng’Olukiiko bwe lulikikkiriza olwo akiteekeko omukonogwe. Mu kifo ky’okukola eky’obugunjufu Kabaka Muteesa II kye yali abagambye, ate Bungereza yakwata Kabaka wa Buganda Muteesa II n’emuwa%u014Bangusiza e Bungereza mu 1953. Ekikolwa ekyo kyali kityoboola ekitiibwa kya Buganda ng’era kikkakkanya obutegeevu bw’obukulembeze bwa Bungereza.
Buganda elangirira okwefuga
Yadde nga kkooti za Bungereza ebiseera ebyo zaalamula nti e Ggwanga lyazo lyali mu nsobi okujooga Kabaka wa Buganda n’okumuwa%u014Bangusa, Bungereza yagaana okukomya endagaano ze yalina ne Buganda. Era mu 1959 Abaganda ne basalawo okukomya endagaano ezo ne balangirira obwetwaze n’okwefuga kwa Buganda. Bungereza yagaana okwefuga kwa Buganda era okuva kw’olwo Bungereza n’enyigiriza Buganda ng’ekozesa entiisa y’emmundu n’olukujjukujju lw’ebiwandiiko okutuusa Buganda lwe yava ku bwetwaze bwe yali elangiridde n’ekakibwa okuyingira mu ndagaano ey’ekintabuli kya Uganda eya 1962. Eno ye yayitibwa konsititusoni ya Uganda eya 1962.
Endagaano ya 1962
Ekiwandiiko kino ekyayitibwa endagaano oba konsititusoni ya 1962 kyali kya kuyiikiriza ku luuyi lwa Buganda, kubanga ekiwandiiko kyali kya kintabuli kya Uganda so nga endagaano ya 1900 yali wakati wa Buganda na Bungereza wadde nga yali ya kikuusa. Kale Bungereza okukuusa nti yali ekkirizza okukomya endagaano zonna ze yalina ne Buganda ate mu kukikola ne bawandiika endagaano endala ne Uganda yaabwe nga si kusooka kukomya bya Buganda, kyali kikyamu. Abaganda baali baakilengera mu 1948 nti tewaali kalungi Buganda ke yali eyinza kufuna mu kintabuli kya Uganda era okwo kwe kwava okuwa%u014Bangusibwa kwa Kabaka Muteesa II. N’olweekyo bwali buwaze Buganda okuteeka omukono ku ndagaano ya 1962. Bino wammanga bye yatondawo;
a. Uganda ey’ekintabuli ky’amawanga,
b. Gavumenti y’ekintabuli kya Uganda,
c. Obuyinza obulamula n’obufuga obwa gavumenti y’ekintabuli kya Uganda,
d. Obwakabaka bwa Buganda bwayingizibwa mu kintabuli kya Uganda mu buwaze,
e. Gavumenti ya Uganda yapangisa ettaka lya Buganda ery’e Kampala n’e Ntebe okukolerako emirimu gyayo nga esasula obusuulu bwa siringi emu (1 shs) buli mwaka mu bukulembeze bwa Buganda,
f. Yakakaatikawo okulonda kw’ekikungo ku bwannannyini ku masaza ga Buganda abiri (2) Buyaga ne Bugangazzi.
Uganda eyigganya Buganda
Nga Uganda ebukadde ng’era etambuza emirimu gyayo okuva mu 1962, Obwakabaka bwa Buganda bwatandika okukolebwako ebivve ebyali bitalabwangako okugeza;
i. Mu 1964 Uganda yateekawo okulonda okw’ekikungo okwanyaga amasaza ga Buganda Buyaga ne Bugangazzi,
ii. Era mu mwaka gwe gumu 1964, Uganda yatemula abaana Abaganda abayizi mu tendekero e Kisubi,
iii. Mu kiseera kye kimu Uganda yatemula Abaganda abatuuze mu muluka gw’e Nankulabye mu bukambwe obutagambika,
iv. Mu 1966 Uganda ng’ewabulwa Bungereza, yamenyawo endagaano ya 1962 eyali egiteekawo n’okutondawo byonna bye tumenye waggulu okuva mu katundu k’endagaano ya 1962 (a) okutuuka ku (f),
v. Buganda bwe yagezaako okulwanirira endagaano eyo, Uganda yasitula lyanyi lya mundu n’elumba olubiri lwa Kabaka wa Buganda Muteesa II n’elusaanyaawo ng’egenderera okumutemula,
vi. Olutalo Uganda ne mukama waayo Bungereza lwe baatwala mu lubiri battiramu Abaganda lukunkumuli okukkakkana nga batabadde Obwakabaka bwa Buganda bwonna gye battira Abaganda abayitirivu mu nkumi na nkumi.
vii. Era Uganda yasaanyaawo ebintu bya Buganda okugeza ebizimbe nga Butikkiro, Bulange, embiri n’Amasiro n’ebifo by’obuwangwa byonna mu Bwakabaka bwa Buganda,
viii. Olukiiko lwa Buganda lwatuula ne luwa Uganda ennaku kumi na nnya (14) okuzzaawo endagaano ya 1962 eyali egiwa obupangisa ku ttaka lya Buganda ely’e Kampala n’e Ntebe. Nga ennaku ezo ekkumi n’ennya bwe ziggwako nga Uganda tezizaawo ndagaano Buganda yali ya kuwaabira Uganda mu mbuga z’amateeka ekomye obupangisa bwayo ku ttaka lya Buganda,
ix. Uganda yawera Obwakabaka bwa Buganda n’ewamba ebintu bya Buganda byonna nga n’ettaka olitwaliddemu era Bungereza ekyo n’ekiwa ekitiibwa kingi ng’ewagira Uganda. Era obujulizi obw’enkukunala bulabika Bungereza bwe yavangayo buli kiseera okuwagira gavumenti za bannaakyemalira ez’omuddiri%u014Banwa ezajjanga zifutubbala ku Buganda n’okutigomya Abaganda,
x. Nga Uganda emaze okuwera Obwakabaka bwa Buganda n’okubba ebintu byabwo, Uganda yawamba Abaganda n’ebafuula baddu baayo era n’ekakkana ku bintu bya Buganda n’etandika okubikozesa nga bwe yali eyagala.
xi. Oluvannyuma mu 1969 Uganda yaluka olukwe ne Bungereza ne battira Kabaka wa Buganda Muteesa II e Bungereza, so nga yali yabalema okuttira mu Lubiri lwe e Buganda mu 1966.
xii. Uganda yatta Abaganda bangi nnyo nyo mu lutalo lweyakolera e Luweero mu Buganda okuva mu 1980 nga 10 December okutuuka mu 1986.
xiii. Uganda yagaana Kabaka wa Buganda Muwenda Mutebi II okulambula e Ssaza lye ely’e Bugerere mu September 2009 era Abaganda bangi baatemulwa amaggye.
xiv. Bungereza ng’eyitira mu kitongole kya UNESCO yakola ekkobaane ne bayokya Amasiro ga Buganda ag’e Kasubi Nabulagala era Uganda n’eleeta amaggye negatta Abaganda bangi.
Bino byonna byoleka bulungi nti Uganda ne Bungereza babadde mu kkobaane ebbanga lyonna okusaanyaawo Obwakabaka bwa Buganda, okumalawo Obuwangwa n’Ennono ya Buganda n’okuzikiriza Abaganda okufaananako ne Aborigins mu Australia ne ba Red Indians mu Canada – America.
Bino bye tusaba kkooti eno ey’ekitiibwa
1. Olw’okuba nga endagaano ya 1962 yamenyebwawo Uganda, tusaba kkooti elangirire nti ekiyitibwa Uganda tekiriiwo mu mateeka era tekiteekwa kubeerawo. Era gavumenti ya Uganda tebaddeewo mu mateeka okuva lwe yamenyawo endagaano ya 1962 eyali egitondawo wamu ne Uganda,
2. Buli ekiyitibwa gavumenti ya Uganda tekirina era tekibadde na buyinza na bbeetu kufuga, kulagira na kulamula e Ggwanga ly’Obwakabaka bwa Buganda okuva mu 1966 n’okutuusa kati,
3. Okuva endagaano y’obupangisa eya 1962 lwe yamenyebwaawo gavumenti ya Uganda, buli ekiyitibwa gavumenti ya Uganda tekirina bbeetu na buyinza kusigala ku ttaka lya Buganda ely’e Kampala n’e Ntebe nga kikolerako emirimu gyakyo,
4. Tusaba kkooti eno ey’ekitiibwa elagire nti Obwakabaka bwa Buganda buliyirirwe ebbanga Bungereza ne Uganda yaayo lye bamaze ku ttaka lya Buganda nga balikolerako era nga batuntuza n’okufuga Abaganda obuddu n’obumbula wamu n’okubatirimbula ekirindi.
Wangaala Buganda onunulwe mu Buddu
Awangaale Ssabasajja
Olukiiko lw’Abalangira n’Abambejja (Bazzukulu ba Bassekabaka) n’Olukiiko lw’Abazzukulu b’Abataka ba Buganda.
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Mutegeeze Olukiko lwammwe lukkirize okulonda ababaka abagenda mu Legico(Uganda Parliament) okwefuga kwa Uganda kulyoke kutuuke ng’Abaganda be bakulembeze mu lukiiko olwo. Naye bwemuligaana okukiika ku lukiiko olwo Buganda egenda kusigala mu bya bulombolombo (traditions) ng’obuyinza abalala babubatutteko.
Kirungi Olukiiko lukkririze Kabaka ave mu lwokaano lw’eby’obufuzi. Bwe mutalikola ekyo kiriyinzika gavumenti ya Uganda eribaawo okuddamu okumuggya ku Bwakabaka bwe. Era eby’obufuzi bwe birigenda bikula mmwe bennyini mulirabiraawo nga mumweggyiddeko mwekka.
Omusango 1953
Nga 2nd December 1953 mu Lukiiko lwa Bungereza( British Parliamet), Omwami Omuzungu Hopkins eyali akulira Colonial Office, yagamba nti olwokubanga Kabaka Muteesa II yagayaalirira enteekateeka za Gavumenti ya Bungereza ezaali zigenderera okukuza Uganda, yali takyasaana kudda mu Uganda. Ate ye omubaka Fenner Brockway n’awakanya endowooza ya Hopkins bwe yagamba nti Muteesa teyali mujeemu mu byonna bye yakola kubanga teyabikolanga ku lulwe wabula ku lw’abantu ba Buganda yonna.
Fenner Brockway yamaliriza ensonga ze nga ye agamba nti omuntu omutuufu okulekulira ekifo kye yali Mr Lyttelton, Omukulu w’Amatwale. Ate ye Mr Hale ow’Ekibiina ky’Obufuzi ekya Labour yebuuza Omukulu w’Amatwale awamu ne Colonial office, obuyinza bwe bakozesa okuwaggangusa Muteesa gye babuggya? Omukungu Hopkins kwe kumuddamu ng’ajuliza Endagaano ya 1900 Akatundu 6 akagamba nti: “Kasita Kabaka wa Buganda anaabanga omuwulize era n’agondera bulungi Gavumenti ya Queen, Gavumenti ejjanga kumubala nga ye mufuzi wa bannaansi abatuula mu Buganda.”
Omukungu Hopkins yamaliriza ensonga ye nti Kabaka wa Buganda, Edward Muteesa yali agaanye okuba omuwulize okusinziira ku kitundu ky’Endagaano ekyo. Ekyomukisa ababaka mu lukiiko luno bangi baali tebakkiriziganya na ndowooza ya Governmeti era okuvuganya ne kuba kwa maanyi nnyo mu lukiiko olwo.
Ensala y' Omusango
Nga 4th November 1954 omusango gwasalwawo e Bungereza:
Kabaka Muteesa II yamenya Endagaano ya 1900 bwe yagaana amagezi Governmenti Enkuumi ge yali emuwa mu by’obufuzi bwa Buganda. Wabula mu kuggyako Kabaka, Gavana yakozesa ekitundu ky’Endagaano ekikyamu kubanga ekitundku ekyo kyali tekimuwa buyinza kuggya Kabaka ku bwa Kabaka bwe e Buganda.
AKAKIIKO KA LORD MUNSTER
AKAKIIKO AKENKOLAGANA WAKATI WA BUGANDA NE UGANDA (BUGANDA AND UGANDA RELATIONSHIP COMMISSION) March 1961...June 1961.
Ekiwandiiko ky’olukiiko lwa Buganda nga kilangirira ensi Buganda bwe yali ekomezza Endagaano zaayo ne Bungereza ku nkomerero ya 1960.
Akakiiko ka Lord Munster baddamu nti ekiwandiiko tekinyonyola ensi Buganda gy’eriggya nsimbi ezimala okuddukanya emirimu gyayo ng’emaze okwesala kunsi empya ekolebwa eya Uganda.
Ekiwandiiko tekyogera kunkolagana eribaawo mu by’obufuzi n’ebitundu ebirala nga ensi Buganda emaze okwekutula ko ku nsi empya Uganda.
Akakiiko kalabula nti era mu buli ngeri yonna Buganda gy’eriba etuuseeko mu byobufuzi era egenda kwetaaga okukolaganira awamu n’ebitundu ebirala mu mirimu emikulu egiddukanya ensi.
Akakiiko kano kwe kuwa amagezi ensi Buganda ekkirize okugendera awamu n’ebitundu ebirala naye nga ensi Buganda eweereddwa obukkalu obukakasa nti Obwakabaka n’ekifo kya Buganda eky’enjawulo bigenda kukuumibwa obutaggyibwawo.
Buganda yefuge naye ekkirize okutwala ekifo kyayo ekituufu mu nsi eno empya eyefuze eya Uganda ekolebwa omuzungu nga yegasse awamu.
Ensi Buganda bino yabigaana era olukiiko lwa Buganda ne luyisa ekiteeso bwekiti:
Buganda tejja kukwatibangako mateeka ga Govumenti ya ensi empya eno Uganda. Era n’olukiiko terujjanga kubaako kye luteesa ne Baminista ba Uganda abo abaggya abaali balondeddwa ensi ya Uganda.
Ebyatekebwa mu Ndagaano ya Buganda eya 1961 byava mu lipoota ya Lord Munster.
Report eno Abaganda ye yabajjamu ekirowoozo ky’okwesala ku nsi ya Uganda. Bakiriza okugendera awamu ne bannabwe kuba report yawa amagezi Government ya Bungereza ewe ensi Buganda obweyamo obukakasa nti tegenda kukakaatika federesoni ku Buganda wabula nga n’olukiiko lwa Buganda lwennyini lumaze kugikkiriza.
Kale tugendere awo.....Empaka ennemeremu zikubya mukyawe........era nti Ennyama entono okaayana eri mu nkwawa!
Secret war crimes indictments of Nazis released after seven-year fight
UN archive detailing investigation of more than 36,000 criminal cases can assist with present-day justice trials, experts say
Secret, internationally approved war crimes indictments of tens of thousands of Nazis have been released to researchers at Soas, University of London, after a seven-year fight, and will soon be made available to the public.
The recovered “hidden history” of the minutes and deliberations of the UN war crimes commission (UNWCC) reveal the inner workings of a largely forgotten international criminal justice initiative in which 16 states worked together in London on the investigation of more than 36,000 international criminal cases.
The list of internationally approved war crimes indictments drawn up by the commission cover important modern categories of crimes, including aggression, genocide, crimes against humanity, modes of liability – including that of mid-level perpetrators - and international procedures, as well as the development of international criminal justice as a whole.
Had the archive been more widely known, international law enforcers say it would have given them new understandings and legal precedents to use in international criminal justice trials. For example, rape and enforced prostitution were successfully prosecuted as war crimes in UNWCC-supported trials. But those sitting on tribunals set up after the genocides in Rwanda and Yugoslavia believed international law did not recognise those acts as war crimes and so were unable to extensively prosecute perpetrators.
“As the first chief prosecutor of the international criminal tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, I would have benefited immeasurably from access to this rich material,” said Justice Richard Goldstone. “The fact was that the statutes for the two ad hoc tribunals did not refer to rape as a war crime save in the definition of crimes against humanity. In some cases we resorted to charging rape as a form of torture and in others as inhumane treatment.
“Had we been able to access the ample records of the UNWCC, our approach would have unquestionably been influenced by the careful analyses that emerged from its deliberations and decisions,” he added.
The UNWCC formed and began defining a list of new, internationally agreed war crimes at the Foreign Office on 20 October 1943. After the war, sufficient evidence of those crimes was found against 36,800 people, leading to trials by the US and major European nations, as well as China and India between 1945 and 1948. At least 2,700 accused persons eventually faced trial, receiving sentences ranging from imprisonment to the death penalty.
The commission, however, was hastily wound up in 1948 and quickly forgotten – thanks to the US, which believed the trials were impeding Germany’s rehabilitation. Since then, the UN archives have been accessible only to those who received personal authority from their government and permission from the UN secretary general.
“Even then, you weren’t allowed to make notes or take copies of the documents,” said Dan Plesch, director of the centre of international studies and diplomacy at Soas, formerly known as the School of Oriental and African Studies.
Plesch, alongside Shanti Sattler, initiated the fight for the release of the UN archive in 2007. “There are many hidden histories in international criminal justice,” he said. “But the record and practice of the UNWCC is the best-kept secret in the field. Scholarship and historical writings are typically focused on the legacy of the Nuremberg or the Tokyo trials or contemporary courts and tribunals. But the thousands of cases we can now access can reinforce international political will and practice in facing the crimes now being perpetrated in the Middle East and elsewhere.”
Plesch is seeking funding to make the 900-gigabyte archive available to the public. “Public access to trials of Nazis and Japanese for torture including stress positions and water boarding is likely to increase support for civilised values today,” he said.
How do I become an international human rights lawyer?
The life of an international human rights lawyer is not all jetsetting glamour Photograph: Robin Utrecht/EPA
Imagine being an international human rights lawyer. Jetsetting round the globe, setting the world's highest courts alight with spectacular oratory performances, radically changing the lives of the most vulnerable. Hell, there's probably a Nobel peace prize in there somewhere too right?
Think again. There are actually very few lawyers who would describe themselves as international human rights lawyers, partly because there are so few opportunities to practise in this competitive area but also because most would not regard it as a practice area in itself.
Human rights play a part in several legal disciplines from public law, family, immigration and housing to actions against the police and even employment and business law. It is often assumed that the European Convention of Human Rights governs all human rights challenges but there are issues that fall under "human rights" in the broader sense.
Fundamentally, being a human rights lawyer means challenging discrimination and defending the rights and freedoms of ordinary people and organisations. On an international level this means safeguarding those rights and freedoms no matter where in the world they are under threat.
If you want to shape and influence policy and change people's lives, rather than make big bucks on corporate transactions in the City, then the first thing you need to do is think about whose lives you want to change and why? What causes are most important to you? What human rights abuses inspire you to take action?
Emma Douglas is now a supervising solicitor at the University of Law but shortly after qualification she gravitated towards international human rights while on a nine month placement at an NGO called Peace Brigade International in Indonesia.
"The difficulty can be deciding what to focus on, there are so many interesting areas", says Douglas. While she was at Peace Brigade she was able to get involved in campaigning and policy work, focusing on women and, in particular, female human rights defenders.
"It's really important to get lots of varied experience and let it forge your interests, so you can gradually hone them to what most excites you", she explains. In that respect academia is no substitute for hands-on experience, but it is a good idea to tailor your studies towards human rights work as early as possible. Your LPC electives should fit with the kind of work you intend to do in future, so choose immigration, welfare and benefits and crime rather than commercial property or business.
If you're training or studying in the UK now, there's arguably no better time to seek out pro bono experience. Law centres are facing an influx of work as government withdraws funding from vulnerable groups which were traditionally eligible to receive it, which means there are lots of opportunities for volunteers all over the country.
Douglas recommends that students wishing to pursue international human rights work do a minimum of one morning or evening per week at a law centre or citizen's advice bureau. For full-time placements in the holidays it's worth doing your research, there are paid placements or ones that at least cover your expenses. Keep a look out for scholarships schemes like the Centre for Capital Punishment Students and theHuman Rights Lawyers Association bursary, which is accepting applications until the 7 May.
Ben Jaffey is a barrister specialising in public and human rights law at Blackstone Chambers. He agrees that hands-on experience is critical but you also have to create your own opportunities.
"The most interesting cases do not just walk through the door", says Jaffey. "People who do a lot of work in this area become quite good at finding the issues that they want to litigate about. Read the papers and think about whether there are legal angles to the story, then approach an appropriate NGO, maybe where you have done work experience and have some contacts, take your ideas to them and look for opportunities to litigate".
Jaffey began by volunteering on public law and human rights cases with the Free Representation Unit (FRU). You receive training and get the chance to work on your own cases. "At bar school I worked on a load of cases for FRU and then appealed some of them. By the time I was a pupil barrister I was appealing some more and then by the time I qualified the same cases where ending up in the court of appeal. I ended up getting a QC to lead me and that started me off on this kind of work."
Jaffey also recommends a stint working for government, as it offers a different perspective of human rights issues. Languages are also important in human rights work, in particular French, Spanish, Arabic and Mandarin. Strong campaigning, fundraising and communications skills, particularly using social media, are also highly sought after by NGOs.
Being willing to work across a number of legal disciplines will also stand you in good stead if you want to be able to fund the more altruistic cases. As well as tiding you over financially, nurturing specialisms and skills helps with the creative aspect of human rights work and will make you better at spotting the big issues.
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