Demographics.

The Philippine Statistics Authority reported in October 2015 that, based on the 2010 census, % of the total Filipino population were Catholics, 10.8% were Protestant and % were Muslims.

Christianity.

Christianity arrived in the Philippines with the landing of Ferdinand Magellan in 1521. In 1543, Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos named the archipelago "Las Islas Filipinas" in honor of Philip II of Spain, who was then Prince of Girona and of Asturias under his father, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor who, as Charles I, was also King of Spain. Missionary activity during the country's colonial rule by Spain and the United States led the transformation of the Philippines into the first and then, along with East Timor, one of two predominantly Catholic nations in East Asia, with approximately 92.5% of the population belonging to the Christian faith.

Catholicism.

Catholicism (; ) is the predominant religion and the largest Christian denomination, with estimates of approximately 80.6% of the population belonging to this faith in the Philippines. The country has a significant Spanish Catholic tradition, and Spanish style Catholicism is embedded in the culture, which was acquired from priests or friars.  The Catholic Church has great influence on Philippine society and politics. One typical event is the role of the Catholic hierarchy during the bloodless People Power Revolution of 1986. Then-Archbishop of Manila and "de facto" Primate of the Philippines, Jaime Cardinal Sin appealed to the public via radio to congregate along Epifanio de los Santos Avenue in support of rebel forces. Some seven million people responded to the call between February 22–25, and the non-violent protests successfully forced President Ferdinand E. Marcos out of power and into exile in Hawaii.  Several Catholic holidays are culturally important as family occasions, and are observed in the civil calendar. Chief among these are Christmas, which includes celebrations of the civil New Year, and the more solemn Holy Week, which may occur in March or April. Every November, Filipino families celebrate All Saints' Day and All Souls' Day as a single holiday in honour of the saints and the dead, visiting and cleaning ancestral graves, offering prayers, and feasting. As of 2018, Feast of the Immaculate Conception on December 8 was added as a special non-working holiday.

Philippine Independent Church.

The Philippine Independent Church (officially Spanish: Iglesia Filipina Independiente, IFI; colloquially known as the Aglipayan Church) is an independent Christian denomination in the form of a national church in the Philippines. Its schism from the Catholic Church was proclaimed in 1902 by the members of the Unión Obrera Democrática Filipina due to the mistreatment of Filipinos by Spanish priests and the execution of nationalist José Rizal under Spanish colonial rule.  Isabelo de los Reyes was one of the initiators of the separation, and suggested that former Catholic priest Gregorio Aglipay be the head of the church. It is also known as the Aglipayan Church after its first Obispo Maximo, Gregorio Aglipay.  Commonly shared beliefs in the Aglipayan Church are the rejection of the Apostolic Succession solely to the Petrine Papacy, the acceptance of priestly ordination of women, the free option of clerical celibacy, the tolerance to join Freemasonry groups, non-committal in belief regarding transubstantiation and Real Presence of the Eucharist, and the advocacy of contraception and same-sex civil rights among its members. Many saints canonised by Rome after the schism are also not officially recognised by the Aglipayan church and its members.  Today, Aglipayans in the Philippines claim to number at least 6 to 8 million members, with most from the northern part of Luzon, especially in the Ilocos Region and in the parts of Visayas like Antique, Iloilo and Guimaras provinces. Congregations are also found throughout the Philippine diaspora in North America, Europe, Middle East and Asia. The church is the second-largest single Christian denomination in the country after the Catholic Church (some 80.2% of the population), comprising about 6.7% of the total population of the Philippines. By contrast, the 2010 Philippine census recorded only 916,639 members in the country, or about 1% of the population. It has 47 dioceses including the dioceses outside the Philippines such the Diocese of Tampa (USA) and the Diocese Western USA and Canada. It has Fellowship congregations in the United Kingdom, United Arab Emirates, Hongkong and Singapore. IFI is in full communion with the Anglican Churches and the Episcopal Church.

Iglesia ni Cristo.

Iglesia ni Cristo (; ) is the largest entirely indigenous-initiated religious organisation in the Philippines comprising roughly 1.5% of religious affiliation in the Philippines. Felix Y. Manalo officially registered the church with the Philippine Government on July 27, 1914 and because of this, most publications refer to him as the founder of the church. Felix Manalo claimed that he was restoring the church of Christ that was lost for 2,000 years. He died on April 12, 1963, aged 76.  The Iglesia ni Cristo is known for its large evangelical missions. The largest of which was the Grand Evangelical Mission (GEM) which also occurred simultaneously on 19 sites across the country. In Manila site alone, more than 600,000 people attended the event. Other programs includes the "Lingap sa Mamamayan" (Aid to Humanity), The "Kabayan Ko Kapatid Ko" (My Countrymen, My Brethren) and various resettlement projects for affected individuals.

Jesus Miracle Crusade International Ministry.

The Jesus Miracle Crusade International Ministry (JMCIM) is an apostolic Pentecostal religious group from the Philippines which believes in the gospel of Jesus Christ with signs, wonders, miracles and faith in God for healing. JMCIM was founded by evangelist Wilde E. Almeda on February 14, 1975.

Members Church of God International.

Members Church of God International (Filipino: "Mga Kaanib sa Iglesia ng Dios Internasyonal") is a religious organization popularly known through its Filipino television program, "Ang Dating Daan" (English Program "The Old Path", in Spanish "El Camino Antiguo", in Portuguese "O Caminho Antigo")  The church is known for their "Bible Expositions", where guests and members are given a chance to ask any biblical question to the "Overall Servant" Eliseo Soriano. He and his associates refute teachings of asked religions which are, according to Soriano, "not biblical" and discuss controversial passages. Besides general preaching, they also established charity works. Among these humanitarian services are the charity homes for the senior citizens and orphaned children and teenagers; transient homes; medical missions; full college scholarship; start-up capital for livelihood projects; vocational training for the differently-abled; free legal assistance; free bus, jeepney, and train rides for commuters and senior citizens, and; free Bibles for everyone. MCGI is now one of the major blood donor in the Philippines, as acknowledged by the Philippine National Red Cross.

Most Holy Church of God in Christ Jesus.

The Most Holy Church of God in Christ Jesus (Filipino: "Kabanalbanalang Iglesia ng Dios kay Kristo Hesus"), is an independent Christian denomination officially registered in the Philippines by Teofilo D. Ora in May 1922. The Church claims to restore the visible Church founded in Jerusalem by Christ Jesus. It has spread to areas including California, USA; Calgary, Canada, Dubai, UAE and other Asian countries. The Church will be celebrating its centennial anniversary in May 2022.  The church was founded by Bishop Teofilo D. Ora in 1922. He, along with Avelino Santiago and Nicolas Perez, split off from the Iglesia ni Cristo (Church of Christ) in 1922. They initially called their church "Iglesia Verdadera de Cristo Hesus" (True Church of Christ Jesus). However, following a religious doctrine controversy, Nicolas Perez split off from the group and registered an offshoot called "Iglesia ng Dios kay Kristo Hesus, Haligi at Suhay ng Katotohanan" (Church of God in Christ Jesus, the Pillar and Support of the Truth). Teofilo D. Ora was bishop until his death in 1969. He was officially succeeded by Bishop Salvador C. Payawal who led the church until 1989. Subsequent bishops were Bishop Gamaliel T. Payawal (1989 to 2003) and Bishop Isagani N. Capistrano (2003–present). It was during Gamaliel Payawal's tenure when the church was renamed as "Most Holy Church of God in Christ Jesus".

Apostolic Catholic Church.

The Apostolic Catholic Church (ACC) is an independent catholic denomination founded in the 1980s in Hermosa, Bataan. It formally separated in the Catholic Church in 1992 when Patriarch Dr. John Florentine Teruel registered it as a Protestant and Independent Catholic denomination. Today, it has more than 5 million members worldwide. The largest international congregations are in Japan, United States and Canada.

Orthodoxy.

Orthodoxy has been continuously present in the Philippines for more than 200 years. It is represented by two groups, by the Exarchate of the Philippines (a jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople governed by the Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia), and by the Antiochian Orthodox Christian Mission in the Philippines (a jurisdiction of the Antiochian Orthodox Church governed by the Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia, New Zealand, and All Oceania). In 1999, it was asserted that there were about 560 Orthodox church members in the Philippines.

Protestantism.

Protestantism arrived in the Philippines with the take-over of the islands by Americans at the turn of the 20th century. In 1898, Spain lost the Philippines to the United States. After a bitter fight for independence against its new occupiers, Filipinos surrendered and were again colonized. The arrival of Protestant American missionaries soon followed., Protestants comprised about 10%–15% of the population, with an annual growth rate of 10% since 1910 and constitute the largest Christian grouping after Catholicism. Protestant church organizations established in the Philippines during the 20th century include the following:

Members Church of God in Jesus Christ Worldwide.

Members Church of God in Jesus Christ Worldwide (also known as "Miembro de la Iglesia de Dios en Todo el Mundo Inc.") is an independent Christian organization with headquarters in the Philippines led by Wilfredo "Bro. Willy" Santiago, a former Bible reader for Members Church of God International (MCGI). Willy Santiago was excommunicated from MCGI due to various violations. Santiago is currently building a new church headquarters in Malolos, Bulacan.

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) in the Philippines was founded during the Spanish–American War in 1898. Two men from Utah who were members of the United States artillery battery, and who were also set apart as missionaries by the Church before they left the United States, preached while stationed in the Philippines. Missionary work picked up after World War II, and in 1961 the Church was officially registered in the Philippines. In 1969, the Church had spread to eight major islands and had the highest number of baptisms of any area in the Church. Membership was 710,764 in 2015. A temple was built in 1984 which is located in Manila, and a second temple was completed in Cebu City in 2010. As of 2019, four more LDS temples have been announced, they are planned to be built in Urdaneta, Cagayan de Oro, Davao, as well as a second temple in the greater Manila area.

Islam.

Islam reached the Philippines in the 14th century with the arrival of Muslim traders from the Persian Gulf, Southern India, and their followers from several sultanate governments in Maritime Southeast Asia. Islam's predominance reached all the way to the shores of Manila Bay, home to several Muslim kingdoms. During the Spanish conquest, Islam had a rapid decline as the predominant monotheistic faith in the Philippines as a result of the introduction of Roman Catholicism by Spanish missionaries and via the Spanish Inquisition. The southern Filipino tribes were among the few indigenous Filipino communities that resisted Spanish rule and conversions to Roman Catholicism. The vast majority of Muslims in Philippines follow Sunni Islam of Shafi school of jurisprudence, with small Shiite and Ahmadiyya minorities. Islam is the oldest recorded monotheistic religion in the Philippines. . According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the Muslim population of Philippines in 2015 was 5.57%. However, a 2012 estimate by the National Commission on Muslim Filipinos (NCMF) stated that there were 10.7 million Muslims, or approximately 11 percent of the total population.

History.

In 1380 Karim ul' Makhdum the first Arabian trader reached the Sulu Archipelago and Jolo in the Philippines and through trade throughout the island established Islam in the country. In 1390 the Minangkabau's Prince Rajah Baguinda and his followers preached Islam on the islands. The Sheik Karimal Makdum Mosque was the first mosque established in the Philippines on Simunul in Mindanao in the 14th century. Subsequent settlements by Arab missionaries traveling to Malaysia and Indonesia helped strengthen Islam in the Philippines and each settlement was governed by a Datu, Rajah and a Sultan.  By the next century conquests had reached the Sulu islands in the southern tip of the Philippines where the population was animistic and they took up the task of converting the animistic population to Islam with renewed zeal. By the 15th century, half of Luzon (Northern Philippines) and the islands of Mindanao in the south had become subject to the various Muslim sultanates of Borneo and much of the population in the South were converted to Islam. However, the Visayas was largely dominated by Hindu-Buddhist societies led by rajahs and datus who strongly resisted Islam. One reason could be due to the economic and political disasters prehispanic Muslim pirates from the Mindanao region bring during raids. These frequent attacks gave way to naming present-day Cebu as then-"Sugbo" or scorched earth which was a defensive technique implemented by the Visayans so the pirates have nothing much to loot.  Moro (derived from the Spanish word meaning "Moors") is the appellation inherited from the Spaniards, for Filipino Muslims and tribal groups of Mindanao. The Moros seek to establish an independent Islamic province in Mindanao to be named Bangsamoro. The term "Bangsamoro" is a combination of an Old Malay word meaning "nation" or "state" with the Spanish word "Moro". A significant Moro rebellion occurred during the Philippine–American War. Conflicts and rebellion have continued in the Philippines from the pre-colonial period up to the present.

Muslim Mindanao.

The Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) comprises the Philippines' predominantly Muslim provinces, namely: Basilan (except Isabela City), Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Sulu and Tawi-Tawi, and the Islamic City of Marawi. It is the only region with its own government. The regional capital is at Cotabato City, although this city is outside of its jurisdiction.

Judaism.

In the 1590s some Jews fleeing from the Inquisition were recorded to have come to the Philippines. In 2006, Metro Manila boasted the largest Jewish community in the Philippines, which consisted of roughly 100 families., the Jewish population comprised between 100 and 300 individuals, depending on one's definition of Jew.  The country's only synagogue, Beth Yaacov, is located in Makati. There are other Jews elsewhere in the country, but these are much fewer and almost all transients, either diplomats or business envoys, and their existence is almost totally unknown in mainstream society. There are a few Israelis in Manila recruiting caregivers for Israel, some work in call centers, businessmen and a few other executives.

Hinduism.

The Srivijaya Empire and Majapahit Empire on what is now Malaysia and Indonesia, introduced Hinduism and Buddhism to the islands. Ancient statues of Hindu-Buddhist gods have been found in the Philippines dating as far back as 600 to 1600 years from present.  The archipelagos of Southeast Asia were under the influence of Hindu Tamil people, Gujarati people and Indonesian traders through the ports of Malay-Indonesian islands. Indian religions, possibly an amalgamated version of Hindu-Buddhist arrived in Philippines archipelago in the 1st millennium, through the Indonesian kingdom of Srivijaya followed by Majapahit. Archeological evidence suggesting exchange of ancient spiritual ideas from India to the Philippines includes the 1.79 kilogram, 21 carat gold Hindu goddess Agusan (sometimes referred to as Golden Tara), found in Mindanao in 1917 after a storm and flood exposed its location.  Another gold artifact, from the Tabon caves in the island of Palawan, is an image of Garuda, the bird who is the mount of Vishnu. The discovery of sophisticated Hindu imagery and gold artifacts in Tabon caves has been linked to those found from Oc Eo, in the Mekong Delta in Southern Vietnam. These archaeological evidence suggests an active trade of many specialized goods and gold between India and Philippines and coastal regions of Vietnam and China. Golden jewelry found so far include rings, some surmounted by images of Nandi – the sacred bull, linked chains, inscribed gold sheets, gold plaques decorated with repoussé images of Hindu deities.  Today Hinduism is largely confined to the Indian Filipinos and the expatriate Indian community. There are temples also for Sikhism, also located in the provinces and in the cities, sometimes located near Hindu temples. The two Paco temples are well known, comprising a Hindu temple and a Sikh temple.

Anitism.

Anitism, simply referred as Philippine mythology or indigenous Philippine ancestral religions, is a body of myths, tales, and superstitions held by Filipinos (composed of more than a hundred ethnic peoples in the Philippines), mostly originating from beliefs held during the pre-Hispanic era. Some of these beliefs stem from pre-Christian religions that were specially influenced by Hinduism and were regarded by the Spanish as "myths" and "superstitions" in an effort to de-legitimize legitimate precolonial beliefs by forcefully replacing those native beliefs with colonial Christian myths and superstitions. Today, some of these precolonial beliefs are still held by many Filipinos, both in urban and rural areas.  Philippine mythology is incorporated from various sources, having similarities with Indonesian and Malay myths, as well as Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist, and Christian traditions, such as the notion of heaven ("kaluwalhatian", "kalangitan", "kamurawayan", etc.), hell ("kasamaan", "sulad", etc.), and the human soul ("kaluluwa", "kaulolan", etc.). Philippine mythology attempts to explain the nature of the world through the lives and actions of deities (gods, goddesses), heroes, and mythological creatures. The majority of these myths were passed on through oral tradition, and preserved through the aid of community spiritual leaders or shamans ("babaylan", "katalonan", "mumbaki", "baglan", "machanitu", "walian", "mangubat", "bahasa", etc.) and community elders.  Philippine mythologies and indigenous religions have historically been referred as Anitism, meaning "ancestral religion". Today, many ethnic peoples continue to practice and conserve their unique indigenous religions, notably in ancestral domains, although foreign and foreign-inspired Hispanic and Arabic religions continue to interfere with their life-ways through conversions, land-grabbing, inter-marriage, and/or land-buying. Various scholarly works have been made regarding Anitism and its many topics, although much of its stories and traditions are still undocumented by the international anthropological and folkloristic community. Unlike dead religions such as Norse mythology, living religions such as Anitism, Shintoism, and Hinduism continue to develop up to this day due to inevitable dynamics in belief systems in the modern century. Because of this natural phenomenon, folk literature or oral stories on a variety of Philippine mythologies concerning the deities, heroes, and creatures have sustainably been multiplying since the pre-colonial era up to the 21st century. Presently, around 2% of the population are Anitists, concentrating in the Cordillera Administrative Region, Palawan, Mindoro, Western Visayas, and Mindanao. Specific communities throughout the Philippines also adhere to Anitism, while more than 90% of the Philippine national population continue to believe in certain Anitist belief system, despite adhering to another religion.

Bahá'í Faith.

The Bahá'í Faith in the Philippines started in 1921 with the first Bahá'í first visiting the Philippines that year, and by 1944 a Bahá'í Local Spiritual Assembly was established. In the early 1960s, during a period of accelerated growth, the community grew from 200 in 1960 to 1000 by 1962 and 2000 by 1963. In 1964 the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the Philippines was elected and by 1980 there were 64,000 Bahá'ís and 45 local assemblies. The Bahá'ís have been active in multi/inter-faith developments. The 2005 World Christian Encyclopedia estimates the Bahá'í population of the Philippines at about 247,500.

Buddhism.

No written record exists about the early Buddhism in the Philippines. However, archaeological discoveries and the few scant references in the other nations' historical records can tell about the existence of Buddhism from the 9th century onward in the islands. These records mention the independent states that comprise the Philippines and which show that they were not united as one country in the early days. Archaeological finds include Buddhist artifacts. The style are of Vajrayana influence.  Loanwords with Buddhist context appear in languages of the Philippines. Archaeological finds include Buddhist artifacts. The style are of Vajrayana influence. The Philippines's early states must have become the tributary states of the powerful Buddhist Srivijaya empire that controlled the trade and its sea routes from the 6th century to the 13th century in Southeast Asia. The states's trade contacts with the empire long before or in the 9th century must have served as the conduit for introducing Vajrayana Buddhism to the islands.  Both Srivijaya empire in Sumatra and Majapahit empire in Java were unknown in history until 1918 when the Ecole Francaise d'Extreme Orient's George Coedes postulated their existence because they had been mentioned in the records of the Chinese Tang and Sung imperial dynasties. Ji Ying, a Chinese monk and scholar, stayed in Sumatra from 687 to 689 on his way to India. He wrote on the Srivijaya's splendour, "Buddhism was flourishing throughout the islands of Southeast Asia. Many of the kings and the chieftains in the islands in the southern seas admire and believe in Buddhism, and their hearts are set on accumulating good action."  Both empires replaced their early Theravada Buddhist religion with Vajrayana Buddhism in the 7th century.

Irreligion.

Dentsu Communication Institute Inc., Research Centre for Japan said in 2006 that about 11% of the population are irreligious. Other sources put the number at less than 0.1%.  In February 2009, Filipino Freethinkers was formed. Since 2011, the Philippine Atheists and Agnostics Society has held its OUT Campaigns in Rizal Park and Quezon Memorial Circle. Also it held two feeding programs "Good without Religion" in Bacoor, Cavite. The society also is a member affiliate and associate of various international atheist organizations such as the Atheist Alliance International, Institute for Science and Human Values, and the International Humanist and Ethical Union, as one among secular organizations that promotes free thought and scientific development in the Philippines.

Religion and politics.

The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines declares: The separation of Church and State shall be inviolable. (Article II, Section 6), and, No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without discrimination or preference, shall forever be allowed. No religious test shall be required for the exercise of civil or political rights. (Article III, Section 5). Joaquin Bernas, a Filipino Jesuit specializing in constitutional law, acknowledges that there were complex issues that were brought to court and numerous attempts to use the separation of Church and State against the Catholic Church, but he defends the statement, saying that "the fact that he [Marcos] tried to do it does not deny the validity of the separation of church and state".  On April 28, 2004, the Philippines Supreme Court reversed the ruling of a lower court ordering five religious leaders to refrain from endorsing a candidate for elective office. Manila Judge Conception Alarcon-Vergara had ruled that the "head of a religious organization who influences or threatens to punish members could be held liable for coercion and violation of citizen's right to vote freely". The lawsuit filed by Social Justice Society party stated that "the Church's active participation in partisan politics, using the awesome voting strength of its faithful flock, will enable it to elect men to public office who will in turn be forever beholden to its leaders, enabling them to control the government".  They claimed that this violates the Philippine constitution's separation of Church and State clause. The named respondents were the Archbishop of Manila Cardinal Luis Antonio Tagle, El Shaddai Movement Leader Mike Velarde, Iglesia ni Cristo Executive Minister Eduardo V. Manalo and Jesus Is Lord Church Worldwide leader Eddie Villanueva. Manalo's Iglesia ni Cristo practices bloc voting. Former Catholic Archbishop Jaime Cardinal Sin had been instrumental in rallying support for the assumption to power of Corazon Aquino and Gloria Arroyo. Velarde supported Fidel V. Ramos, Joseph Estrada, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo and Benigno Aquino III while Villanueva endorsed Fidel Ramos and Jose De Venecia. The papal nuncio agreed with the decision of the lower court while the other respondents challenged the decision.

Religion in the Philippines is marked by a majority of people being adherents of the Christian faith. At least 92% of the population is Christian; about 81% belong to the Catholic Church while about 11% belong to Protestantism, Orthodoxy, Restorationist and Independent Catholicism and other denominations such as Iglesia Filipina Independiente, Iglesia ni Cristo, Seventh-day Adventist Church, United Church of Christ in the Philippines, Members Church of God International (MCGI) and Evangelicals. Officially, the Philippines is a secular nation, with the Constitution guaranteeing separation of church and state, and requiring the government to respect all religious beliefs equally.

La principale religion aux Philippines est le catholicisme, qui représente selon la plupart des estimations un peu plus de 80 % de la population. Pour les autres religions, environ 10 % des Philippins sont chrétiens non catholiques (protestants, évangéliques...), environ 5 % sont des musulmans vivant essentiellement à Mindanao et Sulu, et moins de 1 % sont bouddhistes.


Early life and career.

Harriman was born in Warner, New Hampshire, where he was raised and educated. He taught school at a number of academies in New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and New Jersey from 1835 through 1840. While teaching, he studied theology and in 1840 joined the Universalist Church. He later preached in Harvard, Massachusetts, and his native Warner.  In 1849, Harriman entered politics as a Democrat and was elected to the New Hampshire Senate, serving through 1850. The following year, he resigned as a minister and opened a store in Warner, partnering with John S. Pillsbury, a future Governor of Minnesota and industrialist. In 1853, Harriman returned to politics and served as State Treasurer until 1854 when he moved to Washington, D.C., to take the role as Clerk of the Pension Office, a patronage position which he held until 1856.  Harriman returned to New Hampshire and was elected to the state legislature in 1858. He was subsequently elected to the state senate, serving there from 1859 through 1861. Upon the completion of his term, he entered the newspaper business as an editor in Manchester, New Hampshire.

Civil War.

In 1862, Harriman was appointed colonel of the 11th New Hampshire, a newly raised three-years regiment of infantry. He led his regiment from Cincinnati, Ohio, across the rugged Cumberland Plateau of Kentucky and Tennessee to join Major General Ambrose Burnside's army in Knoxville, Tennessee. Harriman had no horse and walked with his men. During this 20-day journey, Harriman and his regiment camped for several days on the Emory River in Tennessee near the future location of the city of Harriman. (The directors of the company that later founded the city there decided to name it for him after having a conversation with an elderly man who fondly remembered Colonel Harriman and recalled the colonel saying that there should be a town near his regiment's campsite.)  He interrupted his military service, resigning on June 26, 1863, to run as a War Democrat in the 1863 New Hampshire gubernatorial campaign. He siphoned off enough regular Democratic votes to give the election to Republican candidate Joseph A. Gilmore. Harriman rejoined the 11th New Hampshire Infantry as colonel on January 26, 1864. He was captured by the Confederates in May 1864 at the Battle of the Wilderness during the Overland Campaign. He was exchanged September 12, 1864. He commanded Brigade, 2, Division 2, IX Corps (Union Army), Army of the Potomac from April 2, 1865 to April 22, 1865. He was mustered out of the volunteers on June 4, 1865. On May 31, 1866, President Andrew Johnson nominated Harriman for appointment to the grade of brevet brigadier general of volunteers, to rank from March 13, 1865, and the United States Senate confirmed the appointment on July 23, 1866.

Postbellum career.

Following the Civil War's conclusion in early 1865, Harriman joined the Republican Party and served as the New Hampshire Secretary of State until 1867, when he was elected as the state's governor. Harriman served two terms as Governor of New Hampshire from 1867 to 1869. Governor Harriman urged the public and the legislature to develop New Hampshire's agricultural, industrial and forest resources, in order to develop a post-war economy. He was very concerned with the education of post-war citizens of the state, and he signed an act creating teacher institutes. He personally drafted a law to get education out from under county commissioners, and he established an education fund with monies from the sale of state lands.  In retirement, Harriman served as Naval Officer for the Port of Boston until 1877. He published his "History of Warner" in 1879, and then traveled to Europe and the Far East from 1882–83. He published "Travels and Observations in the Far East" in 1883.  Walter Harriman died July 25, 1884 in Concord, New Hampshire and was buried in Pine Grove Cemetery in Warner, New Hampshire.  In the early 1890s Harriman's son, Walter C. Harriman, was one of the founders of the city of Harriman, Tennessee, which is named for Governor Harriman.

Walter Harriman (April 8, 1817July 25, 1884) was an American minister, merchant, soldier, and politician who served two terms as the Governor of New Hampshire. He was a Colonel in the Union Army during the American Civil War. On July 23, 1866, the United States Senate confirmed President Andrew Johnson's May 31, 1866 nomination of Harriman for appointment to the grade of brevet brigadier general of volunteers to rank from March 13, 1865.

Walter Harriman, né le et mort le, est un homme politique américain. Membre du Parti républicain, il est gouverneur du New Hampshire de 1867 à 1869.


Plot.

In early Victorian-era Britain, Dr. John Dolittle is a Welsh veterinarian who has the ability to communicate with animals. After his wife, Lily, dies at sea, Dolittle becomes a recluse, tending only to animals and refusing to contact or assist with other humans. One day, a boy named Tommy Stubbins accidentally shoots and wounds a squirrel named Kevin and is guided to Dolittle for help by a macaw named Polynesia (or Poly).  Meanwhile, Queen Victoria sends a girl named Lady Rose with a message: she demands Dolittle to come in order to try to cure the queen of a deadly sickness. He refuses, but after being persuaded by Poly that he has to start trying to reconnect with fellow humans, Dolittle finally decides to go. Upon reaching her, he finds that the Queen has been poisoned by a type of nightshade that was added to her tea. To be cured, she must eat one of the magical fruits of Eden from a faraway land.  After Poly, Betsy the giraffe and Tutu the fox help Tommy escape from his home, he, Dolittle, and Dolittle's crew of animals, consisting of Poly, Kevin, monkeys Elliot and Elsie, Chee-Chee the gorilla, Yoshi the polar bear, Plimpton the ostrich, Dab-Dab the duck and Mini the sugar glider, put to sail, hoping to find the cure while trying to escape Dolittle's lifelong rival, Dr. Blair Müdfly. Dolittle leaves his lurcher Jip and a walking stick behind to guard the Queen while he's traveling. Along the way, Dolittle's boat is attacked by Müdfly, but they manage to escape by attaching a harness to a whale that pulls the boat to safety.  They continue to the island where Lily was born. While attempting to steal Lily's journal which details the way to the fruit tree, Dolittle is captured by his former father-in-law King Rassouli and is locked in a cage with Barry, a moody tiger looking for his mother's approval. Just when it seems Dolittle is to be killed, a now-courageous Chee-Chee arrives and incapacitates Barry. Dolittle and Tommy escape only to lose Lily's journal to Müdfly and have their ship destroyed. After seeing a crestfallen Dolittle, Rassouli loans him a boat to honour his daughter.  Trailing Müdfly, Dolittle and company arrive at the cure tree's island, where they meet Ginko-Who-Soars, a dragon who guards the tree since her husband's death. Ginko begins attacking (even accidentally make Müdfly fall into a hole) before she collapses due to internal pain. Dolittle figures out what is hurting the dragon and proceeds to perform a dragon enema. Relieved and thankful, Ginko shows Dolittle the tree with the cure.  Dolittle's entourage returns just in time to heal the queen. Dolittle’s walking stick reveals that Lord Thomas Badgley, one of the Queen's chairmen, poisoned her in order to take the crown for himself, and was the one who ordered Müdfly to fail Dolittle's quest (who Müdfly decided to take it as an opportunity to finally beat Dolittle). The Queen has him arrested for treason, and thanks Dolittle for saving her.  Dolittle re-opens the doors to his sanctuary, now including Tommy as his official apprentice.  In a mid-credits scene, Müdfly, who had survive his fall, is trying to talk with the bats who turn around and attack him.

Cast.

Voices.

Baby animals are voiced by Gia Davis, Henry Holcomb, Kyrie Mcalpin, and Isley Zamora.

Production.

On March 20, 2017, it was announced that Robert Downey Jr. would star in "The Voyage of Doctor Dolittle", a feature adaptation of Hugh Lofting's second published Dolittle book, "The Voyages of Doctor Dolittle." In December 2017, Harry Collett and Jim Broadbent were also cast, in live action roles. In February 2018, Antonio Banderas and Michael Sheen were added to the live action cast, while Tom Holland, Emma Thompson, Ralph Fiennes, and Selena Gomez were cast to voice animals, including a tiger, bear, and a lioness. In March 2018, Kumail Nanjiani, Octavia Spencer, John Cena, Rami Malek, Craig Robinson, Marion Cotillard, Frances de la Tour and Carmen Ejogo all signed on for voice roles as well. The character of Regine, a lioness voiced by Ejogo, was cut from the finished film.  Principal production commenced mid-February 2018. Live-action scenes began filming in Kirkby Lonsdale, Cumbria in May 2018, with further location filming at South Forest, Windsor Great Park and on the Menai Suspension Bridge in North West Wales, in June 2018.  In April 2019, it was reported the film had undergone 21 days of re-shoots following poor test screenings. Director Jonathan Liebesman helped to oversee the filming alongside Gaghan, while Chris McKay wrote new material after it became clear from first cuts that the comedy elements of the film were not coming together as well as the producers had hoped. Prior to this, Universal had turned towards Seth Rogen and "Neighbors" co-writer Brendan O'Brien to help add comedy to the film. However, neither could remain committed to the project and dropped out. McKay was assigned to storyboard sequences and assemble different edits before later leaving to instead direct "The Tomorrow War". Liebesman took over McKay's duties and finished the film alongside Gaghan. "The Lego Batman Movie" scribe John Whittington had also performed rewrites on the script amid reshoots, and flew to London to meet with Downey, who allegedly tore Whittington's script apart in favor of "new ideas." "The Hollywood Reporter" stated that despite a "challenged production," there were no fights for power and no competing cuts for the film. In August 2019, it was reported that the film's title had been changed from "The Voyage of Doctor Dolittle" to simply "Dolittle".  In January 2020, on Joe Rogan's podcast "The Joe Rogan Experience", Downey Jr. discussed the inspiration for the Dr. Dolittle character in the film, which he said stemmed from a Welsh neo-pagan physician called William Price. He said, "Same way I did with Iron Man... before I signed on, I was just googling 'weirdest Welsh doctor,' I just wanted to think of, I don't want to just do another English accent.. so there was this guy called William Price, who's a nutty Welsh doctor, he was a neo-druidist, he believed that he could communicate with all nature and all that stuff, so I sent a picture of this wild looking guy wearing this kind of suit with stars on it and like a staff in his hand [to Gaghan]... and he goes, "That looks good to me" and I was like "great let's do this movie.""  Music artist Sia performed a new song of hers, "Original," for the end credits, while Danny Elfman composed the film's score.

Release.

The film was released by Universal Pictures. It was originally set for May 24, 2019, but was moved to April 12, 2019, to avoid competition with "", which itself was later moved from May to December 20, 2019. The film was later moved again to January 17, 2020.

Home media.

"Dolittle" was released on Digital HD on March 24, 2020, and on DVD, Blu-ray, and Ultra HD Blu-ray on April 7, 2020.

Reception.

Box office.

"Dolittle" grossed $77 million in the United States and Canada, and $146.3 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $223.3 million, against a production budget of $175 million. Due to its high production and marketing costs, the film needed to gross around $500 million worldwide in order to break even; following its debut weekend, it was estimated the film would lose Universal between $50–100 million.  In the United States and Canada, the film was projected to gross $20–22 million from 4,155 theaters in its three-day opening weekend, and a total of around $27 million over the full four-day Martin Luther King Jr. Day weekend. It made $6.3 million on its first day, including $925,000 from Thursday night previews. It went on to debut to $22 million for three days, and $29.5 million over the four-day frame, finishing third, behind fellow newcomer "Bad Boys for Life" and holdover "1917". The film made $12.1 million in its second weekend and $7.7 million in its third, remaining in third both times.

Critical response.

On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 14% based on 220 reviews, with an average rating of 3.86/10. The website's critics consensus reads, ""Dolittle" may be enough to entertain very young viewers, but they deserve better than this rote adaptation's jumbled story and stale humor." On Metacritic, the film had a weighted average score of 26 out of 100, based on 46 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews." Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale, while PostTrak reported an average of 3 out of 5 stars from viewers they surveyed.  Courtney Howard of "Variety" called the film a "frenetic, crass kids' flick" and wrote, "What should have been an awe-filled adventure quickly curdles into an awful one, thanks to a pedestrian formula and the filmmakers' fixation on fart jokes." Writing for "The Hollywood Reporter", Todd McCarthy said, "From the very first scene, it's clear something is terribly off with this lavishly misbegotten attempt to repopularize an animal-loaded literary franchise that was born exactly a century ago. The oddly diffident star and executive producer Robert Downey Jr. never finds the power-supplying third rail needed to energize a tale that fails to make a real case for being reinterpreted."  British critic Mark Kermode gave the film a negative review, saying, "Terrible script. Terrible visuals. Dull plot. Dismal gags. The fact that at 101 minutes it really tested one's patience. It is shockingly poor." He particularly criticized Robert Downey Jr.'s attempt at a Welsh accent, calling it "something from Mars." In examining the film's ending, Douglas Laman of "Screen Rant" noted that the film as a whole suffered from numerous problems, including "...Dolittle's new backstory involving a deceased wife...the largely lifeless voice-over work of the animal characters [and] its painfully unfunny comedy."  In particular, the part in the film in which Dolittle pulls a bagpipe out of the Dragon's behind, inducing a long fart, was criticised as "gross" and "disgusting."

Dolittle (also referred to as The Voyage of Doctor Dolittle) is a 2020 American fantasy comedy adventure film directed by Stephen Gaghan from a screenplay by Gaghan, Dan Gregor, and Doug Mand, based on a story by Thomas Shepherd. A reboot of the original 1967 "Doctor Dolittle" film and its modern comedy counterparts, "Dolittle" is based on the titular character created by Hugh Lofting and is primarily inspired by the author's second Doctor Dolittle book, "The Voyages of Doctor Dolittle" (1922). Robert Downey Jr. stars as the title character, alongside Antonio Banderas and Michael Sheen in live-action roles, with Emma Thompson, Rami Malek, John Cena, Kumail Nanjiani, Octavia Spencer, Tom Holland, Craig Robinson, Ralph Fiennes, Selena Gomez, and Marion Cotillard voicing a diverse array of creatures.

Le Voyage du Docteur Dolittle ("") est une comédie fantastique réalisée par Stephen Gaghan, sortie en 2020. Il s'agit d'une nouvelle adaptation des romans "Docteur Dolittle" de Hugh Lofting, après "L'Extravagant Docteur Dolittle" de Richard Fleischer et "Docteur Dolittle" et ses nombreuses suites avec respectivement Rex Harrison et Eddie Murphy dans la peau du docteur Dolittle capable de communiquer avec les animaux.


History.

On December 2, 1960, the station signed on as WGAA-FM, the FM counterpart to WGAA in Cedartown. Shortly after being established, the station was sold to Kenco Broadcasting for $25,000. Kenco was headed by Don Kennedy, James Lathom and Arthur Swan; Kennedy was an Atlanta radio and television personality, playing "Officer Don" on WSB-TV's "Popeye Club" children's show from 1956 to 1972. After the sale, WGAA-FM's call letters were changed to WKLS, representing the initials of Kenco's partners, "Kennedy-Lathom-Swan". They sold it ten years later for $750,000.  From its earliest days until the early 1970s, the station played easy listening music. For its first several years on the air, WKLS was voice-tracked with most of the announcements and commercials read by Kennedy. By 1972, WKLS had moved to a middle of the road format with popular adult music and live disc jockeys who served as friendly personalities. Its main slogan by then was "WKLS...That's 'Klass'."  From 1977 to 1988, WKLS was co-owned with WKLS (970 AM), consequently, WKLS was formally known as WKLS-FM during this period. The following year, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) database shows it as having the call letters WEOA for a month from November to December (however, this may be a mistake).

Album rock era.

WKLS made a dramatic change in 1974, as it flipped to an album rock format, using the moniker "96 Rock", the branding it retained until November 2006. Key artists on WKLS in the 1970s included The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, Elton John, Carole King, The Who and Chicago. For a time in 1977, DJ "Skinny" Bobby Harper, who was the inspiration for Dr. Johnny Fever of the television sitcom "WKRP in Cincinnati", was a WKLS disc jockey. In the 1980s, the station was acquired by The Great American Radio & TV Company, with Jacor Communications taking over in the 1990s.  In the early 1980s, "96 Rock" cultivated a somewhat macho image. The station often mocked competing stations which played Top 40 hits as "wimp rock." WKLS began to play more heavy metal, which was increasing in popularity, especially among teenaged boys. However, a backlash began to develop among the station's more mature listeners. In 1985, the station modified its playlist to a mix of older and newer titles. WKLS and its parent company Jacor was bought by San Antonio-based Clear Channel Communications.  "96 Rock" continued to play a mixture of classic rock and new rock for nearly two decades. WKLS finally became exclusively a classic rock station in 2004. The 2004 change occurred when competing Atlanta station Z-93 (WZGC FM 92.9) became "Dave FM," switching from classic rock to adult album alternative (AAA). This did not cause a dramatic change in 96 Rock's playlist, however. Even before officially declaring itself a classic rock station, most of its songs were from past decades. Only a few new or recent songs were played an hour.  The station honored its history and tradition on several occasions. In 1984, WKLS celebrated its 10th anniversary by airing a Labor Day countdown of the top 296 songs from 1974 to 1984. The station's 30th anniversary was recognized in 2004 with several promotions. Listeners were asked to write to the station and reminisce about events in their lives, in which 96 Rock played a memorable role. Some of this correspondence was read on the air and posted on the station's website.  In April 2004, long-time morning drive time hosts The Regular Guys (Larry Wachs and Eric Von Haessler) were fired after they had inadvertently aired graphic sexual language from porn star Devin Lane when the content bled through a Honda commercial. That content, which aired the previous month, was intended to be played backwards. The Regular Guys wanted to mock the FCC indecency crackdown when they came back from the break. Regular Guys sidekick "Southside" Steve Rickman and former midday host Tim Rhodes took the morning time slot temporarily. A permanent replacement came in the form of the syndicated "Bob & Tom Show", as Rhodes and Rickman moved to the afternoon slot. The Regular Guys returned to Atlanta airwaves on March 21, 2005, and came back to 96 Rock in May, after a brief stint on co-owned talk station WGST. The return of the Regular Guys only lasted 18 months.  On October 23, 2006, Clear Channel Communications terminated the Regular Guys for good following an incident in which Wachs recorded bathroom conversations between the two morning show hosts on co-owned WWVA-FM while all three men were using the restroom. The recording was played on the air a couple of days later. The WWVA hosts (known as "Yogi & Panda") complained to management and subsequently sued Clear Channel and The Regular Guys. Wachs said, "A case of a humorous prank has turned into a culture clash, a suppression of First Amendment rights, and a ridiculous smear campaign against me as well as termination of my income without due process."  On November 17, 2006, at 9 a.m., Clear Channel dropped the station's 32-year "96 Rock" moniker, replacing it with "Project 9-6-1", and shifted to more of an active rock format. At the same time, alternative-formatted "105.3 The Buzz" WBZY-FM ceased independent operations and began simulcasting the new format for several days, until a Regional Mexican music format began. The new format on WKLS was intended to be somewhat of a merger between 96 Rock and The Buzz, although more personalities from The Buzz were on the new station than ones from 96 Rock.  On July 7, 2007, the "Atlanta Journal Constitution" reported that the new morning show host for Project 9-6-1 would be "Giant" Brian Carothers, morning producer and sidekick for John DeBella at WMGK in Philadelphia. Carothers was joined by co-host Shaffee, former radio personality from long-time rock station WRIF in Detroit. "The Giant Show" debuted on October 1, 2007. On October 2, 2009, it was announced that "Giant" Brian Carothers would no longer be a part of the morning show and "The Giant Show" would be replaced by a show hosted by Shaffee and El Jefe, who was later replaced by Klinger.  On May 21, 2011, it was revealed that Shaffee and Klinger would no longer be a part of the morning show. Kidd Chris from WYSP Philadelphia announced on May 24, 2011, that he would be joining the morning show. He hosted mornings on Project 9-6-1 until the station's discontinuation.

Contemporary hit era.

On August 29, 2012, at 7 p.m., without warning, "Project" signed off following a farewell message from program director Chris "The OC" Williams, as he ended the station's 38-year rock history with "Free Bird" by Lynyrd Skynyrd., with the rock format moving to its HD2 digital subchannel. After stunting with an hour of jockless pop songs and the opening chorus to "Ready or Not" by The Fugees, the station flipped to contemporary hit radio branded "Power 96.1"; the first song was "Party Rock Anthem" by LMFAO. The flip marked the second station in the market to use the "Power" branding, the first being WARM-FM/WAPW from 1986 to 1992. On September 11, 2012, WKLS changed call letters to WWPW to match the "Power" branding.  The nationally syndicated program "Elvis Duran and the Morning Show" was carried by WWPW from September 2012 until February 11, 2014. When Duran was discontinued, the station warned listeners about the change, and directed them to the iHeartRadio website and smartphone app. WWPW went a month without a morning show, playing music during morning drive time, calling it "The Most New Hit Music in the Morning", until the station debuted a local morning show on March 17th with Scotty K, Riley Couture and Bret Mega.  On February 29, 2016, it was officially announced that "Power Morning Show" hosts Scotty K and Bret Mega were let go. This came as a surprise since the local morning show, and the station as a whole, had been gaining traction in the ratings. Some speculations have been made about Power mornings returning to a more music-intensive show. Word of their replacement was announced on March 19th, with PK, formerly of "The Playhouse" morning show from Portland, Oregon, and KKHH in Houston, hosting mornings along with his wife Denise and Riley Couture beginning March 21st.  WWPW also carries the syndicated "On-Air with Ryan Seacrest", hosted by Atlanta native Ryan Seacrest, in middays. Seacrest's countdown show "American Top 40" is also heard Sunday mornings.

Digital Broadcasting.

WWPW broadcasts in IBOC digital radio, using the HD Radio system from iBiquity. On January 30, 2006, the station added a separate digital subchannel, known under the branding "The Incubator", which featured an adult album alternative format. It had changed names to "The Alternative Project" or "Project 9-6-1".  Following the format change to "Power 96.1", the "Project 9-6-1" rock format moved to WWPW's HD2 subchannel as "Project 9-6-2". Then, following WWVA/WWLG (now WRDA/WRDG)'s format change from rhythmic contemporary, the HD2 channel on WWPW became "Wild 96.1 HD2" just a few hours later, on March 28, 2013.  In June 2013, WWPW activated a third digital subchannel, and began airing ESPN Deportes Spanish-language sports programming. The format was also carried on FM translator W222AF at 92.3 MHz. On October 2, 2015, W222AF/WWPW-HD3 flipped to Contemporary Spanish Hits, branded as "Mia 92.3."  In late March 2010, low-power digital TV station WANN-LD started carrying the audio of WKLS on one of its multiplexed, audio-only digital subchannels. Originally on virtual channel 32.13, it was then moved to 32.103, with 32.101 to 32.106 reserved for other stations in Atlanta.  Currently, the HD2 subchannel carries Christian Contemporary music from the iHeartRadio Christian Hits service, while the HD3 subchannel simulcasts WRDG as "96.7 The Beat."

WWPW (96.1 FM) – branded as Power 96-1 – is a commercial contemporary hit radio station licensed to Atlanta, Georgia. Owned by iHeartMedia, the station serves the Atlanta metropolitan area and is the Atlanta affiliate for "American Top 40". The WWPW studios are located in Atlanta's Brookwood Hills district, while the station transmitter resides in nearby North Druid Hills. Besides a standard analog transmission, WWPW broadcasts over three HD Radio channels, and is available online via iHeartRadio.

WWPW est une station de radio américaine de musique basée à Atlanta en Géorgie appartenant au groupe iHeartMedia. Elle diffuse ses programmes sur la fréquence 96.1 FM.


Early life and family.

Brown was born December 10, 1893, in Odessa, Russian Empire, part of today's Ukraine, the son of Etta (Hirsch) and Jacob Brownstein. His family was Jewish. When he was five, his family immigrated to the United States and settled in New York City. He attended DeWitt Clinton High School but, at the suggestion of a teacher, he left to pursue his songwriting career without graduating.  Lew Brown was married first to Sylvia Fiske, then to Catherine "June" Brown until his death. He had two daughters from his first marriage, Naomi Brown Greif and Arlyne Brown Mulligan. The latter was married to the prominent jazz saxophonist Gerry Mulligan.

Career.

Brown started writing for Tin Pan Alley in 1912 and collaborated with established composers, like Albert Von Tilzer. Two of their well-known works that year were "(I'm Going Back to) Kentucky Sue" and "I'm the Lonesomest Gal in Town". Brown then wrote a string of popular World War I songs during 1914–1918, teaming with Von Tilzer, Al Harriman, and other composers.  In 1925, Brown formed his most-successful songwriting partnership with Buddy DeSylva and Ray Henderson. Their cheerful hits, such as "Button Up Your Overcoat" and "The Birth of the Blues", earned lasting appreciation for "the rich variety of verbal mosaics" and "the suggestive imagery that was their trademark". DeSylva left in 1931 but Brown and Henderson continued scoring Broadway shows. Brown also worked with other composers, like Sammy Fain. "Brown in 1939 estimated that he had written or collaborated on about 7,000 songs."  Brown wrote the lyrics to "Don't Sit Under the Apple Tree" (1942), which appeared in the film "Private Buckaroo". Recordings by Glenn Miller and by the Andrews Sisters popularized the song with World War II soldiers and radio audiences. Not long after this hit, Brown retired from songwriting.

Honors and awards.

Brown and Fain's "That Old Feeling" (1937) was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song. "Don't Sit Under the Apple Tree" was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. Von Tilzer, DeSylva, Brown and Henderson were all included in the inaugural class of the Songwriters Hall of Fame.

Biographical film.

The DeSylva, Brown and Henderson songwriting team was the subject of the 1956 musical biopic: "The Best Things in Life Are Free". Brown was portrayed by Ernest Borgnine.

Death.

Brown died of a heart attack at home in New York City on February 5, 1958.

Theater and film productions.

Theater source: Playbill Vault  Posthumous credits

External links.

Lew Brown (born Louis Brownstein,, December 10, 1893 – February 5, 1958) was a lyricist for popular songs in the United States. During World War I and the Roaring Twenties, he wrote lyrics for several of the top Tin Pan Alley composers, especially Albert Von Tilzer. Brown was one third of a successful songwriting and music publishing team with Buddy DeSylva and Ray Henderson from 1925 until 1931. Brown also wrote or co-wrote many Broadway shows and Hollywood films. Among his most-popular songs are "Button Up Your Overcoat", "Don't Sit Under the Apple Tree", "Life Is Just a Bowl of Cherries", "That Old Feeling", and "The Birth of the Blues".

Lew Brown, né Louis Brownstein le à Odessa (Empire russe) et mort le à New York (États-Unis), est un parolier américain de chansons populaires.


Background.

Rogers was born in Corner Brook, Newfoundland, to Leo Rogers from St. John's and Philomena Coles from Port Saunders. Leo joined the army, and the family moved to Montreal, then to Toronto, Winnipeg and Germany. They eventually returned to St. John’s in 1979, where Rogers completed a bachelor of social work at Memorial University of Newfoundland. Rogers worked at the St. John’s Women’s Centre, where she helped establish the first transition house for battered women. In 1982, she moved to Montreal to make documentary films at the National Film Board's Studio D, the only state funded women’s filmmaking unit in the world. Rogers made films with Studio D for 10 years. In 1992, she returned to St. John’s and founded Augusta Productions, and directed several international award-winning films including "My Left Breast", a documentary about her own battle with breast cancer. Augusta Productions produces low-budget, POV, activist documentaries bringing viewers to the hearts and lives of people from all kinds of nooks and crannies of society. The films work to uncover the joy and strength and resilience of people in difficult situations, celebrating and broadcasting their voices.  Openly lesbian, Rogers is the partner of social worker and businessperson Peg Norman. In honour of her role as a significant builder of LGBT culture and history in Canada, a portrait of Rogers by artist Claire Priddle was added to the Canadian Lesbian and Gay Archives' National Portrait Collection in 2003.  Rogers became a marriage commissioner in 2005 in response to the many marriage commissioners who resigned after being told that they must perform same-sex marriages or resign from their positions.

Politics.

Rogers was elected to the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly in the 2011 provincial election, representing the district of St. John’s Centre as a member of the New Democratic Party. She was the first openly gay politician ever elected to the provincial legislature. She was re-elected in the 2015 provincial election.  In 2017, Rogers announced her intentions to run for leader of the provincial NDP, following the resignation of Earle McCurdy. At the leadership convention on April 8, 2018, Rogers was elected leader with two-thirds of the vote. Rogers is the first openly LGBT person to lead a political party in Newfoundland and Labrador.  On February 12, 2019, Rogers announced she would be stepping down as leader and not seeking re-election in Newfoundland's upcoming election. On March 5, 2019, Alison Coffin was acclaimed as NDP leader. She retired from the House of Assembly at its dissolution for the 2019 provincial election, which was held on May 16.

Films.

"Les enfants de la guerre"  — Program Producer (Documentaries, NFB)

Themes.

Breast Cancer, Feminism, LGBTQ+ Community, LGBTQ+ Activism, Violence Against Women.

Frequent Collaborators.

Kathleen Shannon, Ginny Stikeman, Terre Nash, Nicole Hubert.

Awards and Honours.

Portrait in the Canadian Lesbian and Gay Archives’ national Portrait collection, Gemini Award for "My Left Breast" (2001), Gold at HotDocs for "My Left Breast"

Gerry Rogers (born 1956) is a Canadian politician, a former leader of the Newfoundland and Labrador New Democratic Party (2018-2019), and documentary filmmaker. She served in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly as NDP MHA for the electoral district of St. John’s Centre from 2011 to 2019. She became the party's leader after winning the April 2018 leadership election. She resigned as party leader prior to the 2019 provincial election.

Gerry Rogers, née en 1956, est une femme politique canadienne, ancienne cheffe du Nouveau Parti démocratique de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador (2018-2019) et réalisatrice de documentaires. Elle a siégé à l'Assemblée législative de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador en tant que député néo-démocrate du district électoral de St. John's Centre de 2011 à 2019. Elle est devenue cheffe du NPD à partir d'. Elle a démissionné de ce poste avant les élections provinciales de 2019. Elle a été la première cheffe ouvertement homosexuelle d'un parti politique à Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador.


Early life and education.

Merrell was born in Chicago, Illinois and raised in Plainfield. The youngest of five children, their mother was a minister. They graduated with a degree in costume design from Columbia College Chicago in 2011. In their sophomore year, they were cast in "Ten Square". During their senior year at Columbia, they were the lead designer on Shakespeare's "The Winter’s Tale". Coulee has performed in theater since they were nine years old.

Career.

At one point, they were asked to perform as a dancer in a burlesque show "Jeezy’s Juke Joint". After an email mishap, they ended up performing a solo act for the show, their first time in Drag.  They have performed at various venues in Chicago, including Roscoe's, Berlin, Double Door, and Hydrate. In Chicago, they also worked as a resident host at Smart Bar, and was a Co-Host for the Tony Soto Show. At one point, Couleé competed in Miss Roscoe's Pageant. Before doing Drag full-time, Couleé also worked part-time as a sales associate and customer service representative for an adult store "Tulip".  In 2016, Couleé was photographed for "Glossed and Found" magazine.  In April, Couleé was featured in Peppermint's "Too Funky" music video. In May 2017, Couleé performed as part of the Werq the World 2017 tour. The tour, hosted by Bianca Del Rio and Michelle Visage, also featured drag queens Alaska Thunderfuck, Alyssa Edwards, Detox, Latrice Royale, and Violet Chachki.  Shea Couleé co-produced, directed, and starred in their own film "Lipstick City" in July 2017.  In April 2018, Couleé premiered "Call Me Couleé", a web series documenting Couleé's life post Drag Race. The series lasted six episodes, and concluded on October 18, 2018. In September 2018, Shea Couleé performed as a background dancer for Christina Aguilera for Opening Ceremony's Spring 2019 collection, alongside other "Drag Race" alumni. They were photographed with Farrah Moan for Manny MUA's "Lunar Beauty" palette. In June 2018, Couleé and other "RuPaul's Drag Race" alum Asia O'Hara and Monét X Change performed in The Vixen's widely popular "Black Girl Magic", a drag show created to showcase the talent of black drag queens.  In November, Coulee was featured as a part of Lush's "Merry DRAGMas" Campaign, alongside Detox and Kim Chi.  In March 2019, they appeared in the music video for Iggy Azalea's "Sally Walker". The same month, they joined the "Drag World UK" lineup, which began touring in June. In May, they were photographed with Farrah Moan and Violet Chachki for Huda Beauty’s new Setting Spray.  Couleé was one of the Inspirations for Sina Grace's character of Shade, Marvel's first Drag Queen superhero.  Couleé has embarked on several world tours following their success on "Drag Race" including headlining the "War on the Catwalk" and "A Drag Queen Christmas", among others. Coulee was added to the "Drag Race" "Haters Roast: The Shady Tour" comedy tour with other Drag Race alumnae in 2019.  They also headlined a one-woman show in 2019, entitled "Coulee With A 'C'". An autobiographical show, it combined song, story, and comedy, revolving around their upbringing and how they got into drag.  Couleé's makeup and look transformations have been featured in publications such as "Cosmopolitan". In October, Coulee published their first article for Metro. In January 2020, Couleé attended the first ever RuPaul's DragCon UK.  In March 5th and 6th, Couleé will be performing alongside fellow drag race alum Bebe Zahara Benet, Bob The Drag Queen, Monique Heart, Peppermint, and The Vixen in "Nubia" tour. The tour began its run with sold-out shows in New York City, and has plans to visit Los Angeles, as well as other major cities across the United States.  On May 28, Couleé announced the release of Shea Coul-Alé, a beer in collaboration with DoStuff Media and Goose Island Brewery as a part of their Drag a Beer campaign. A portion of all profits from the beer will go to an organization that supports individuals within the LGBTQ community.

"RuPaul's Drag Race".

After auditioning five times, every year since they started doing drag Couleé became one of 14 queens to compete on the ninth season of "RuPaul's Drag Race." After portraying Naomi Campbell in the Snatch Game challenge, Campbell tweeted Couleé in approval.  Couleé won their first challenge in the fourth episode, alongside Sasha Velour. They again won the following episode, portraying Blac Chyna for "Reality Stars: The Musical". Couleé won another challenge in the ninth episode, "Your Pilot's On Fire", again alongside Sasha Velour. In the following episode, "Makeover: Crew Better Work", Coulee lip synced for their life against Nina Bo'nina Brown, sending her home to Demi Lovato's "Cool for the Summer". Couleé won once again during the season's "Gayest Ball Ever", after creating a look inspired by the Village People's "construction worker".  In the season's penultimate episode, the final four queens wrote, recorded, danced, and performed a verse in RuPaul's "Category Is", choreographed by Todrick Hall. In a series first, all four queens ended up advancing to the finale. In the season finale, Couleé received a personalized video from Blac Chyna, whom Couleé had portrayed earlier in the "Reality Stars: The Rusical" challenge. In this finale, for the first time in Drag Race history, the final four queens all participated in a "lip sync for the crown". Coulee was selected to lipsync against Sasha Velour, to Whitney Houston's "So Emotional", but lost. They ultimately placed in joint third/fourth place. Couleé's loss was met with controversy, with many people claiming that Shea Couleé should have won the crown. Coulee themself responded to the controversy, defending Velour's win, and saying "Ultimately Sasha was more successful than myself and the other girls."  While on tour, Merrell and fellow "Drag Race" contestant Farrah Moan were harassed by a woman at a kebab shop in Newcastle in April 2018 who first yelled at and then tried to hit the off-duty queens. On the 8th May 2020, Coulée was announced as a contestant on the fifth series of All Stars via the Drag Race Youtube channel.

Music.

In June 2017, Shea Couleé released three music videos to promote their debut EP, "Couleé-D". They co-directed the music videos, and co-produced the EP. Azealia Banks and Shea Couleé announced plans to release a studio collaboration. The collaboration never came intro fruition after Banks ghosted Couleé.  On May 18, Couleé Re-Released their song ‘’Creme Brulee’ as well as an accompanying music video. The song is inspired by other female rappers such as Lil' Kim, Nicki Minaj, and Azaelia Banks. The song was originally written in 2013 and was the first song Couleé ever wrote. "Billboard" named "Creme Brulee" as the best Drag Music Video of 2018. In September, Couleé released “Gasoline” a collaboration with Gess, who produced, co-wrote, and featured credit on the track.  On June 21, National Selfie Day, Shea Couleé was featured in Shawn Hollenbach's track "Double Filter Face", along with an accompanying music video. On July 15, Shea Couleé released "Rewind", a collaborative song with them and Gess. The following month, they released a music video for the song, directed by Sam Bailey. The song is about Shea Couleé's former boyfriend who suffered from bipolar disorder and committed suicide.  In an interview with The Advocate, Couleé announced that for the past three years, they have been working on an album.

Activism.

Couleé has said it is important to them to use their career in drag to inspire people. In an interview with "Seattle Gay Scene", they said, "I would say the influence I would like to have on the queer community would be to inspire people—specifically queer POC—to feel comfortable in themselves and their identities, to understand that they're special, they're amazing, and that anything you want or dream about, you deserve it. They have been particularly outspoken about racial equality, especially within the "RuPaul's Drag Race" fandom and drag community. In October 2018, Couleé interviewed The Vixen about racism in America for the UK's Black History Month edition of "Gay Times". In another interview with "Gay Times UK", Couleé discusses the importance of supporting and uplifting trans women of color.  Couleé has spoken against President Donald Trump. Specifically, in reaction to Trump's potential policy eliminating transgender recognition, they wrote: Continuing their political activism, Couleé has publicly endorsed Presidential Candidate Elizabeth Warren, and spoke at Warren's DragCon NYC booth, encouraging people to vote for her in the 2020 United States presidential election. They also marched alongside Warren at the Las Vegas Pride Parade.  In 2020, Couleé participated and spoke at the Drag March for Change in support for the Black Lives Matter movement.

Personal life.

Merrell identifies as gay and non-binary, preferring singular they pronouns when out of drag and goes by "she" and "her" while in drag.  At one point, they suffered from bulimia. In 2018, Couleé received corrective dental surgery, something they had wanted since they were a teenager.  Shea has three drag daughters, Kenzie Couleé, Bambi-Banks Couleé, whom she adopted into her family in 2018,and Khloe Couleé, whom she publically announced as her newest drag daughter on June 12th, 2020. Shea, Kenzie, Bambi, and Khloe represent the current members of Shea's drag house, Maison Couleé.  Couleé has named Naomi Campbell, Grace Jones, Beyoncé, Michael Jackson, Josephine Baker, Diana Ross, and Stevie Wonder as personal icons and influences.

Jaren Kyei Merrell (born February 8, 1989), known professionally as Shea Couleé, is an American drag queen and musician most recognized as a fixture of the Chicago nightlife scene and as a contestant on season 9 of "RuPaul's Drag Race" and season five of "RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars".

Jaren Merrell, plus connu sous le nom de scène Shea Couleé, est une drag queen américaine principalement connue pour avoir participé à la neuvième saison de "RuPaul's Drag Race".


Plot.

Terrick (James Faulkner), a British South Africa Police officer in rural Rhodesia, looks forward towards the end of his police service and early retirement to his farm with his fiancée, Sally (Sybil Danning). Terrick's hopes for a peaceful life with Sally are shattered, however, when black nationalist guerrillas attack the farm. Sally is raped and murdered by the guerrilla leader, an albino known only by the moniker ""Whispering Death"" (Horst Frank). Consumed by grief, Terrick and his farmworkers, led by Katchemu (Sam Williams) set out to avenge Sally on their own. They subsequently learn that the guerrillas have summoned the local villagers to a meeting to politicize them and lay an ambush for "Whispering Death" there. However Terrick's party opens fire prematurely, killing and injuring some of the civilians present.  The Rhodesian government demands that Terrick's police superior, Bill (Christopher Lee) hold him accountable for his recklessness and bring him to justice. From its perspective he has endangered the war effort by inflaming the relationship between the security forces and the locals through his irresponsible actions. Bill obligingly orders a manhunt for Terrick, but most of the policemen sympathize with their onetime colleague and are demoralized by the fact they are being ordered to pursue him instead of the guerrillas. They abandon the manhunt and return to their homes. Due to the apparent unwillingness of the police to apprehend Terrick, the Rhodesian Special Air Service is called in to perform the manhunt.  "Whispering Death" and his guerrillas decide to flee across the border to their sanctuaries in a neighbouring country. However, Terrick and Katchemu, who is an expert tracker, are hot on their trail. The duo become increasingly desperate, with Katchemu torturing a captured guerrilla for information. During a series of bloody skirmishes, Katchemu and nearly all the guerrillas are killed, leaving only Terrick and "Whispering Death" to face each other. Terrick gains the upper hand and stabs his opponent to death. The next morning, pursuing Rhodesian troops finally catch up to Terrick, but he is no longer coherent, having lost his mind as a result of the collective trauma he endured. When he threatens the soldiers with his rifle, they shoot him dead.

Reception.

Film scholars Mark Miller and Tom Johnson described "Albino" as "a nasty, repugnant tale of racial hatred and revenge", criticizing the "exploitative" treatment which contemporary Rhodesian sociopolitical issues received. However, they also praised Lee and Faulkner's performances.

Albino (also known as The Night of the Askari, Death in the Sun and Whispering Death) is a 1976 German thriller film directed by Jürgen Goslar and starring Christopher Lee, James Faulkner and Sybil Danning filmed on location during the Rhodesian Bush War. The film is based on the novel "The Whispering Death" by Daniel Carney.

Le Souffle de la mort ("Albino", connu aussi sous les titres "La Nuit des Askaris" et "") est un film germano-britannico-sud-africain réalisé par, sorti en 1976.


Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018

Allemagne au Concours Eurovision de la chanson 2018

Background.

Prior to the 2018 Contest, Germany had participated in the Eurovision Song Contest sixty-one times since its debut as one of seven countries to take part in. Germany has won the contest on two occasions: in 1982 with the song "Ein bißchen Frieden" performed by Nicole and in 2010 with the song "Satellite" performed by Lena. Germany, to this point, has been noted for having competed in the contest more than any other country; they have competed in every contest since the first edition in 1956 except for the 1996 contest when the nation was eliminated in a pre-contest elimination round. In 2017, the German entry "Perfect Life" performed by Levina placed second-to-last out of twenty-six competing songs with six points.  The German national broadcaster, ARD, broadcasts the event within Germany and delegates the selection of the nation's entry to the regional broadcaster Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR). NDR confirmed that Germany would participate in the 2018 Eurovision Song Contest on 16 May 2017. From 2013 to 2016, multi-artist national finals had determined both the songs and performers to compete at Eurovision for Germany. In 2017, the broadcaster reverted to a casting show format for the national final, similar to the format previously used in 2010 and 2012. For their 2018 entry, ARD announced on 8 June 2017 that the broadcaster would organise a national final with a new selection format.

Before Eurovision.

"Unser Lied für Lissabon".

"Unser Lied für Lissabon" () was the competition that would select Germany's entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2018. The national final took place on 22 February 2018 at the Studio Berlin Adlershof in Berlin with six competing entries. The show was hosted by Linda Zervakis and Elton.

Format.

The televised final featured six competing artists with a candidate song each. The winner was selected by a combination of public voting, a one-hundred-member Eurovision panel, and an international expert jury panel.  The Eurovision panel consists of one hundred members recruited through surveys on social media in order to reflect the taste of the wider European audience, and it participated in the decision-making process from the candidate selection phase to the televised final. The international expert jury panel consisted of nineteen members who previously sat on the national juries of their respective countries at the Eurovision Song Contest.

Competing entries.

Artists were able to submit their bids from 27 October 2017 to 6 November 2017. NDR received over four thousand applications, and 211 were shortlisted to be considered in the selection process. The one-hundred-member Eurovision panel selected seventeen candidates to go through a workshop organised by NDR where they received vocal coaching and choreography training. The Eurovision panel and the international expert jury panel selected six acts that advanced to the televised final from the workshop. Once the six finalists were selected, the acts worked with fifteen national and international songwriters, composers and producers in a three-day songwriting camp in order to create new songs or edit existing songs for the final. In the televised final, each of the six finalists competed with one song.  The six acts competing in the final were revealed on 29 December 2017.

Final.

The final took place on 22 February 2018. Six acts competed. The winner was selected by a combination of public voting, a one-hundred-member Eurovision panel, and an international expert jury panel.  In addition to the performances by the competing artists, Mike Singer performed "Deja Vu".

At Eurovision.

The "Eurovision Song Contest 2018" took place at the Altice Arena in Lisbon, Portugal and consisted of two semi-finals on 8 and 10 May and the final on 12 May 2018. According to Eurovision rules, all nations with the exceptions of the host country and the "Big 5" (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom) are required to qualify from one of two semi-finals in order to compete for the final; the top ten countries from each semi-final progress to the final. As a member of the "Big 5", Germany automatically qualifies to compete in the final. In addition to their participation in the final, Germany is also required to broadcast and vote in one of the two semi-finals.

Split voting results.

The following five members comprised the German jury:

Germany participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018. The German entry was selected through the national final "Unser Lied für Lissabon", organised by the German broadcaster Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR). Michael Schulte won the national final with the song "You Let Me Walk Alone".

L'Allemagne est l'un des quarante-trois pays participants du Concours Eurovision de la chanson 2018, qui se déroule à Lisbonne au Portugal. Le pays est représenté par Michael Schulte et sa chanson "You Let Me Walk Alone", sélectionnés via l'émission "Unser Song für Lissabon". Michael Schulte terminera en place avec un total de.


History.

Braden was founded in 1850 as a depot on the Louisville and Nashville Railroad.

Geography.

Braden is located at (35.374867, -89.574942).  According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of, all land.

Demographics.

As of the census of 2000, there were 271 people, 104 households, and 79 families residing in the town. The population density was 71.2 people per square mile (27.5/km). There were 109 housing units at an average density of 28.6 per square mile (11.0/km). The racial makeup of the town was 91.14% White, 7.01% Black or African American, 0.37% Native American, and 1.48% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.37% of the population.  There were 104 households, out of which 31.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.3% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.0% were non-families. 16.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 2.97.  In the town, the population was spread out, with 22.5% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 33.9% from 25 to 44, 28.0% from 45 to 64, and 7.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.9 males.  The median income for a household in the town was $48,333, and the median income for a family was $51,750. Males had a median income of $35,625 versus $30,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,610. About 4.9% of families and 7.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.3% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.

Braden is a town in Fayette County, Tennessee. The population was 282 at the 2010 census. The town is named after Joseph P. Braden.

Braden est une municipalité américaine située dans le comté de Fayette au Tennessee. Selon le recensement de 2010, Braden compte. La municipalité s'étend sur une superficie de.


Family, marriages, and issue.

Elizabeth Mortimer was born at Usk, Monmouthshire, Wales on 12 or 13 February 1371, the eldest daughter of Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March, and his wife, Philippa, the only child of Lionel, 1st Duke of Clarence, and Elizabeth de Burgh, Countess of Ulster. Elizabeth Mortimer had two brothers, Sir Roger (1374–1398) and Sir Edmund (1376–1409), and a younger sister, Philippa (1375–1401), who married firstly John Hastings, 3rd Earl of Pembroke (d.1389), secondly Richard de Arundel, 11th Earl of Arundel (1346–1397), and thirdly, Sir Thomas Poynings. It is unknown when Elizabeth was married to her first husband, Henry Percy, nicknamed 'Hotspur' (1364–1403), eldest son of Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, who was already acquiring a reputation as a great soldier and warrior and responsible administrator. They had two children:  On 21 July 1403, Elizabeth's husband was slain at the Battle of Shrewsbury while commanding a rebel army that fought against the superior forces of King Henry IV. He was buried in Whitchurch, Shropshire; however, when rumours circulated that he was still alive, 'Henry IV had the corpse exhumed and displayed it, propped upright between two millstones, in the market place at Shrewsbury'. This done, the king dispatched Percy's head to York, where it was impaled on one of the city's gates; his four-quarters were first sent to London, Newcastle upon Tyne, Bristol, and Chester before they were finally delivered to Elizabeth. She had him buried in York Minster in November of that year. In January 1404, Percy was posthumously declared a traitor and his lands were forfeited to the Crown. The king ordered Elizabeth herself arrested on 8 October 1403.  Sometime after 3 June 1406, Elizabeth Mortimer was married to her second husband, Thomas de Camoys, 1st Baron Camoys. Although Camoys was in his mid-sixties, she may have had a son by him, Sir Roger Camoys. Like her first husband, Camoys was a renowned soldier who commanded the left wing of the English army at the Battle of Agincourt on 25 October 1415.

Death.

Elizabeth died on 20 April 1417 at the age of 46 years. She was buried in St. George's Church at Trotton, Sussex. Her second husband was buried beside her. Their table-tomb with its fine monumental brass depicting the couple slightly less than life size and holding hands can be viewed in the middle of the chancel inside the church.  King Henry VIII's Queen consort Jane Seymour was one of Elizabeth Mortimer's many descendants through her daughter Elizabeth Percy.

In fiction.

Lady Elizabeth is represented as "Kate, Lady Percy", in William Shakespeare's plays "Henry IV, Part 1" and "Henry IV, Part 2". She is also the main character in Anne O’Brien’s novel "Queen of the North" published in 2018.

Elizabeth Mortimer, Baroness Camoys (12 February 1371 – 20 April 1417) was an English noblewoman, the granddaughter of Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence, and great-granddaughter of King Edward III. Her first husband was Sir Henry Percy, known to history as 'Hotspur'. She married secondly Thomas Camoys, 1st Baron Camoys. She is represented as 'Kate, Lady Percy,' in Shakespeare's "Henry IV, Part 1", and briefly again as 'Widow Percy' in "Henry IV, Part 2".

Elizabeth Mortimer ( – ) est une femme de la haute noblesse anglaise, petite-fille du duc de Clarence Lionel d'Anvers et arrière-petite-fille du roi Édouard III. Son premier époux est Henry Percy, passé à la postérité sous le surnom de « Hotspur ». Elle épouse ensuite Thomas de Camoys. Elle figure parmi les personnages de deux des pièces de William Shakespeare, sous le nom de « Kate, Lady Percy » dans "Henry IV (première partie)" et celui de « Veuve Percy » dans "Henry IV (deuxième partie)".


Autorité combinée du Cambridgeshire et Peterborough

History.

Plans for a combined authority covering the entirety of East Anglia, including Norfolk and Suffolk, were announced by Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne on 16 March 2016 as part of the 2016 United Kingdom budget, with the aim of creating an "Eastern Powerhouse" analogous to the government's Northern Powerhouse concept. Norfolk and Suffolk had initially submitted separate devolution bids, but government ministers called for a joint bid including all three counties. Initial proposals had been agreed by all county and district councils in the region, with the exception of Cambridge City Council.  The East Anglia devolution deal was subsequently rejected by Cambridgeshire County Council, with Peterborough City Council also opposing the deal. Plans for devolution in the region were split in June 2016, with one deal for Cambridgeshire and Peterborough and a separate deal covering Norfolk and Suffolk. The Norfolk and Suffolk devolution deal was later scrapped, after several district councils withdrew.  The devolution deal was agreed by the constituent local councils in November 2016, and the first meeting of the shadow combined authority was held in December 2016. The draft statutory instrument required for formal establishment of the combined authority was laid in Parliament on 23 January, made on 2 March 2017, and came into force the following day.

Responsibilities.

As part of the devolution deal, the responsibilities of the combined authority will include the following:

Mayor.

The combined authority is chaired by a directly elected mayor. The first election was held on 4 May 2017 for a four-year term of office, with further elections in May 2021 and every fourth year thereafter. The mayor's salary has been reported to be £70,000 a year.

Membership.

In addition to the elected mayor, the seven constituent local councils, Cambridgeshire County Council, Peterborough City Council, Cambridge City Council, East Cambridgeshire District Council, Fenland District Council, Huntingdonshire District Council and South Cambridgeshire District Council, each nominate one member of the combined authority. The Chairman of the Business Board, which functions as the Local Enterprise Partnership for the region, also holds a seat. Substitute members are also nominated in case of absence.  Bodies that hold observer status currently include the Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Clinical Commissioning Group, the Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Fire Authority and the Cambridgeshire Police and Crime Commissioner.

The Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Combined Authority is a combined authority covering the ceremonial county of Cambridgeshire in the East of England. The authority was established on 3 March 2017. The authority is led by the directly elected Mayor of Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, with Conservative James Palmer winning the first elections in May 2017.

L’autorité combinée du Cambridgeshire et Peterborough () est une autorité combinée qui couvre le comté du Cambridgeshire dans l'est de l'Angleterre, au Royaume-Uni.


Geography.

Scottsburg is located in eastern Halifax County at (36.759890, -78.790515). Virginia State Route 344 passes through the center of town, leading northwest to U.S. Route 360 and southeast to its end at Staunton River State Park.  According to the United States Census Bureau, Scottsburg has a total area of, of which, or 0.52%, are water. Gibson Creek, a tributary of the Banister River, flows north to south through the center of town.

Demographics.

At the 2000 census there were 145 people, 56 households, and 39 families living in the town. The population density was 196.0 people per square mile (75.7/km2). There were 64 housing units at an average density of 86.5 per square mile (33.4/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 80.69% White, 16.55% African American, 2.76% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.21%.  Of the 56 households 35.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.8% were married couples living together, 17.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.6% were non-families. 26.8% of households were one person and 10.7% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.13.  The age distribution was 30.3% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 29.7% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% 65 or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 88.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.0 males.  The median household income was $28,750 and the median family income was $25,938. Males had a median income of $28,750 versus $24,583 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,289. There were 13.3% of families and 10.7% of the population living below the poverty line, including 8.9% of under eighteens and 19.0% of those over 64.

Scottsburg is a town in Halifax County, Virginia, United States. The population was 119 at the 2010 census, down from 145 at the 2000 census.

Scottsburg est une municipalité américaine située dans le comté de Halifax en Virginie. Lors du recensement de 2010, sa population est de. La municipalité s'étend alors sur une superficie de.