Background.

On 10 April 1919, the First Dáil announced a policy of ostracism of Royal Irish Constabulary men. At the time Sinn Féin official policy was against acts of violence. Boycotting, persuasion and mild intimidation succeeded against many officers. However others escalated their activities against republicans and in March 1920 Collins asked Dick McKee to select a small group to form an assassination unit.

Members.

When this squad was formed, it came directly under the control of the Director of Intelligence or his deputy and under no other authority. The Squad was commanded by Mick McDonnell.  The original 'Twelve Apostles' were Mick McDonnell, Tom Keogh, Jimmy Slattery, Paddy Daly, Joe Leonard, Ben Barrett, Vincent Byrne, Sean Doyle, Paddy Griffin, Eddie Byrne, Mick Reilly and Jimmy Conroy. After some time the Squad was strengthened by the following members: Ben Byrne, Frank Bolster, Mick Keogh, Mick Kennedy, Bill Stapleton and Sam Robinson. Owen Cullen (member of 2nd Battalion) was driver for a short time, and Paddy Kelly of Co Clare for a short time. They were employed full-time and received a weekly wage.  Sometimes the squad was strengthened by members of the Intelligence staff, the Active Service Unit, munition workers and members of the Dublin Brigade, as occasion demanded; Tipperary Flying Column men, Dan Breen, Séumas Robinson, Seán Treacy and Seán Hogan; also Mick Brennan and Michael Prendergast Co Clare. The IRA Intelligence Staff consisted of Director of Intelligence Michael Collins, Deputy Director of Intelligence Liam Tobin, 2nd Deputy Director of Intelligence Tom Cullen, 3rd Director of Intelligence Frank Thornton, Members: Joe Dolan, Frank Saurin, Ned Kelleher, Joe Guilfoyle, Paddy Cadwell, Paddy Kennedy, Charlie Dalton, Dan McDonnell and Charlie Byrne. The Munitions included Mat Furlong, Sean Sullivan, Gay McGrath, Martin Kelly, Tom Younge and Chris Reilly.

Assassinations.

On 30 July 1919, the first assassination authorised by Michael Collins was carried out when Detective Sergeant "the Dog" Smith was shot near Drumcondra, Dublin. The Squad would continue targeting plainclothes police, members of the G Division of the Dublin Metropolitan Police, and—occasionally—problematic civil servants. Organisationally it operated as a subsection of Collins' Intelligence Headquarters. Two of the executions by The Squad" were the killing on 21 January 1920 of RIC Inspector William Redmond of the DMP "G" Division and on 2 March 1920 a British double agent John Charles Byrnes.  Further members included Mick Love, Gearoid O'Sullivan, Patrick Caldwell, Charlie Dalton, Mick O'Reilly, Vincent Byrne, Sean Healy, James Ronan, Tom Keogh, Tom Cullen, Paddy Lawson, John Dunne and Johnny Wilson, James Heery. Seán Lemass and Stephen Behan (the father of Irish writers Brendan and Dominic Behan) have also been put forward as members of the Apostles. Understandably, there is no hard evidence to support many of these names; however, those that subsequently served in the Irish Army have their active service recorded in their service records held in the Military Archives Department in Cathal Brugha Barracks, Rathmines. Dr. Andy Cooney is also reported to have been associated with "The Squad". Stephen Behan's involvement in the squad was first made public in 1962 when the BBC broadcast an episode of 'This is your life' This is your life dedicated to Behan; during this broadcast other remaining members of the squad joined Behan on the set of the show.

Bloody Sunday.

One of the Apostles' particular targets was the Cairo Gang, a deep-cover British intelligence group, so called since it had either been largely assembled from intelligence officers serving in Cairo or from the Dublin restaurant called The Cairo, which the gang frequented. Sir Henry Wilson brought in the Cairo Gang in the middle of 1920, explicitly to deal with Michael Collins and his organization. Given "carte blanche" in its operations by Wilson, the Cairo Gang adopted the strategy of assassinating members of Sinn Féin unconnected with the military struggle, assuming that this would cause the IRA to respond and bring its leaders into the open.  The most well-known operation executed by the Apostles occurred on "Bloody Sunday", November 21, 1920, when British MI5 officers, linked to the Cairo Gang and significantly involved in spying, were shot at various locations in Dublin (14 were killed, six were wounded). In addition to the "Twelve Apostles", a larger number of IRA personnel were involved in this operation. The only IRA man captured during the operation was Frank Teeling. In response to the killings, the Black and Tans retaliated by shooting up a Gaelic football match between Dublin and Tipperary at Croke Park, the proceeds from which were for the Irish Republican Prisoners Fund, killing fourteen civilians including one of the players, Michael Hogan, and wounding sixty-eight. The Hogan stand at Croke Park is named after him.  The elimination of the Cairo Gang was seen in Dublin as an intelligence victory, but Lloyd George commented dismissively that his men "... got what they deserved, beaten by counter-jumpers...". Winston Churchill added that they were ".. careless fellows... who ought to have taken precautions".  Some Squad members were hanged in 1921 for the killings on Bloody Sunday, including Thomas Whelan and Patrick Moran. Moran had killed a vet, Patrick MacCormack, who seems to have been an innocent victim.

Dublin Guard.

In May 1921, after the IRA's Dublin Brigade took heavy casualties during the burning of the Custom House, the Squad and the Brigade's "Active Service Unit" were amalgamated into the Dublin Guard, under Paddy Daly. Under the influence of Daly and Michael Collins, most of the Guard took the Free State side and joined the National Army in the Irish Civil War of 1922-23. During this conflict some of them were attached to the Criminal Investigation Department and were accused of multiple assassination of Anti-Treaty fighters. They were also involved in several atrocities against Republican prisoners, particularly after the death of Michael Collins, due to many of them having personal ties with him.

Later years.

Bill Stapleton went on to become a director in "Bord na Mona", Charles Dalton and Frank Saurin became directors in the Irish Sweepstakes. Dalton was the subject of a Kevin Myers article, Myers questioned Dalton living in Morehampton Road in 1940, but did not research his article enough to mention that Dalton was a director in the Sweepstakes at the time. In October 1923, Commandant James Conroy was implicated in the murder of two Jewish men, Bernard Goldberg and Emmanuel 'Ernest' Kah[a]n. He avoided arrest by fleeing to Mexico, returning later to join the Blueshirts.

The Squad, nicknamed the Twelve Apostles, was an Irish Republican Army (IRA) unit founded by Michael Collins to counter British intelligence efforts during the Irish War of Independence, mainly by means of assassination.

Emmanuel Zymvrakakis (en / Emmanouíl Zymvrakákis) est né en 1861 à Nauplie, en Grèce, et est décédé à Athènes, en 1928. C’est un militaire grec célèbre pour son action durant la Première Guerre mondiale.


History.

Terrigal was first settled in 1826 by European Settler John Gray, who called his property Tarrygal, after the indigenous Aboriginal place name, signifying 'place of little birds'.

Geography and climate.

The town's long beach is highly popular with tourists with a large Crowne Plaza hotel. Of geographical significance are the Terrigal lagoons. There are in fact two lagoons at Terrigal, one of which has been filled in to make way for a traffic oval. A local landmark is "The Skillion", a promontory which provides a view of all Terrigal. In recent years the Skillion has undergone rehabilitation by the local city council. Other popular attractions are the numerous nearby surf schools and trails. The Skillion is on a preserved area of land known as "The Haven". The Haven is centred by a popular public oval which is home of the "Terrigal Trojans", a Rugby Union club. Their new club house was provided by the former Gosford City Council. During the summer it is used by the Terrigal Matcham Cricket Club for both senior and junior fixtures. The Haven also has a popular boat ramp which is partnered by a diving club, and a small number of restaurants and cafes (due to tight development restrictions on the area). Gosford City Council has invested Terrigal's CBD with a multi-level car park, esplanade walkway and stormwater drainage system. As a result of improved infrastructure and increased developer interest, Terrigal has become substantially more urban since the 1970s, when there was only one market, one medical centre and several orchards in the area.  Terrigal's growth as a tourist destination and investment opportunity for wealthy individuals, such as holiday homes and small businesses, has had both positive and negative effects on the area.  Terrigal, as a popular beach-destination, is generally relatively mild to warm all year round, although can become somewhat cool during the winter months.

Amenities.

Just outside the CBD lie a number of amenities: a recently re-built hotel (2006), a primary school and high school (separate campuses), Catholic school, basketball stadium (used for training by Olympic athletes in the 2000 Sydney Olympics), and a large multi-purpose oval with three fields and year-round sporting activities. There have been calls for construction of a skate bowl park at the beach, similar to those at other surf beaches such as those at Bondi and Maroubra, to allow the many local skaters who currently use the esplanade and the space between the surf life saving club and the beach side car park. Recent development of high quality skate bowls at beach-side locations including nearby Copacabana Beach, Bar Beach at Newcastle, Port Macquarie, Cairns, and Cronulla (in advanced planning at the time of writing) have lent weight to the case for skate facilities at Terrigal.  In April 2011, HMAS "Adelaide" was scuttled off Terrigal as a dive wreck.

Transport.

Not far from the town centre are large shopping centres and M1 freeway () linked to Sydney (south) and Newcastle (north). The town itself is served by Terrigal Drive (to the west), Scenic Highway (to the south) and Ocean View Drive to the north.  Terrigal is served by Busways routes 67 and 68 to Gosford station.

Asbestos.

Terrigal is well known for its numerous existing houses to still contain Asbestos. A large number of Mesothelioma detection's in Australia are from residents of the suburb.  Most notably, Enlisted Edward Nygma.#6376, a local resident, has come down with a diagnosis of Mesothelioma from the Asbestos insulation in his home.

Terrigal is a major coastal suburb of the Central Coast region of New South Wales, Australia, located east of Gosford on the Pacific Ocean. It is part of the local government area.

Terrigal ( habitants) est une ville côtière de Nouvelle-Galles du Sud, située à 88 km au nord de Sydney et à 12 km à l'est de Gosford.


Biography.

He was born in Madrid. He went to Paris in 1867 to seek his fortune, where he became attached to "Le Monde illustré" in 1870, just before the Franco-Prussian War broke out, and, like other artists in the paper, came under the powerful influence of Edmond Morin, the first newspaper draughtsman in France who sought to impart to drawings for journals the character of a work of art. Vierge's early drawings, therefore, partake greatly of Morin's style; including "The Shooting in the Rue de la Paix", "The Place d'Armes at Versailles", "The Loan", "The Great School-Fête of Lyons", "Anniversary of the Fight of Aydes" and "Souvenir of Coulmiers".  Vierge lost no time in proving the extraordinary vigour and picturesqueness of his art. Apart from his contribution of his own original work, he was required by his paper to redraw upon the wood, for the engraver, the sketches sent in by artist-correspondents, such as Luc-Olivier Merson in Rome and Samuel Urrabieta (Vierge's brother) in Spain.  From 1871–78 his individuality became more and more pronounced, and he produced, among his best-known drawings, "Christmas in Spain," "The Republican Meeting in Trafalgar Square," "Attack on a Train in Andulusia," "Feast of St Rosalia in Palermo," "In the Jardin d'Acclimatation," "The Burning of the Library of the Escurial, 1872," "Grasshoppers in Algiers," "Brigandage in Sicily," "Night Fête in Constantinople," "Episode of the Civil War in Spain," "Marriage of the King of Spain" and "The Bull Fight." About this time he illustrated with remarkable dash and skill Victor Hugo's "Année terrible" (Michel Lévy, 1874, and Hugues, 1879), ""1813"" (Hugues, 1877) and "Les Misérables" (1882). His masterpiece of illustration is Michelet's "History of France" (1876), consisting of 26 volumes containing 1,000 drawings. In 1879 he was drawing for "La Vie moderne", and then proceeded to illustrate "Pablo de Segovia".  In 1882 the publication of his edition of Francisco de Quevedo's "Historia de la vida del Buscón llamado don Pablos" (The Life Story of a Swindler Called Don Pablos) brought the technique of photo-reproduction to a high level of finish. Prior to that time, most artists and engravers had been forced to rely on tracings and other manual methods which often resulted in interpretations of the artists' works.  In 1891 he illustrated "L'Espagnole", by Émile Bergerat, and in 1895 "Le Cabaret des trois vertus". In 1898 he held, at the Pelletan Gallery in Paris, an exhibition of his drawings for Chateaubriand's "Le Dernier Abencérage" ("The Last of the Abencerrages"), and in the following year a comprehensive exhibition of his work (including the illustrations to "Don Quixote") at the Art Nouveau Gallery, also in Paris.  In 1898 Vierge contributed to "L'Image", a magazine devoted to the encouragement of wood-engraving; and two years later, at the International Exhibition at Paris, he was awarded a "grand prix". In 1902 he exhibited at the New Salon a scene from the Franco-Prussian War.  He was never prolific and suffered a stroke at the age of 30, which forced him to learn to draw with his left hand. He died in Boulogne-sur-Seine at the age of 53.

Daniel Urrabieta y Vierge (5 March 185110 May 1904) was a Spanish-born French illustrator who revolutionized the reproduction of illustrations.

Daniel Urrabieta Ortiz y Vierge, dit Daniel Vierge, né le à Madrid et mort le à Boulogne-sur-Seine, est un peintre, illustrateur et aquarelliste espagnol qui fit carrière principalement en France.


Background.

At the time of the release of the album, SP.com posted a section featuring lead singer and lyricist Gary Lightbody discussing the new songs, which was initially a Lightbody interview to RTÉ. About "Take Back the City", he said that though the song was inspired by Belfast and Northern Ireland in general, it applied to every other city and the relationship its inhabitants have with it. He said that it's "about the reasons why I grew up confused by my country and the reasons now why I love it so". Lightbody, who grew up in Belfast added that our native place has a big hand in what we became. Lightbody has also mentioned that the "rawness of the song came from Hansa and Berlin".  In an interview to Q in November 2008, Lightbody commented that the song was about his love for the place (Belfast) rather than the conflicts that have taken place. He shed light on the lyrics. The lyric "All these years later and it's killing me/Your broken records and words" refers to the city's past and the phrase "broken records and words" is a metaphor for "the politicians saying no". Lightbody added the after-effects of the past could still be seen in the city, but it's advancing rapidly, and it's a "fully functional, vibrant, European city these days". The phrase "pick a side, pick a fight, but get your epitaph right" is about how Lightbody doesn't understand why the conflict was taking place. He didn't understand why anyone would want to fight. He added that "I'm not fighting anyone for anything, because I don't hate anyone". "I love this city tonight, I love this city always/It bares its teeth like a light, and spits me out after days" is about the city's buzzing music scene. Lightbody revealed that he was always discovering new bands. The lyric "Tell me you never wanted more than this/And I will stop talking now" was a kind of lyric Lighbody said would be present in every song he'd write. He said that the song becomes a "modern love story in the blink of an eye" because of it. He further commented that the whole album was about being in love, and admitted it was a change in style for him.  In another interview for "The Sunday Times", Lightbody stated that the "song's spiky solo and chunky chord work were inspired by old Tom Petty and Cars records". He added that though the band preferred to write about current events, they seldom liked to "luxuriate in the past". Bruce Springsteen was also an influence, as the band were listening to his work at the time of recording the album.

Promotion and release.

The band organized a competition for fans in the United States to make a video about their city, with guitarist Nathan Connolly appearing in a video announcing the competition. Videos were to be uploaded to a group specially created for the competition on YouTube. One person could enter one video only, and to do this, a space of one month was provided - from 10 November 2008 12:01 a.m. PST to 10 December 2008 11:59 p.m. PST. The band/label selected the winners, who were notified through phone/e-mail.  The single was first played on the air on Zane Lowe's radio show on BBC Radio 1. Snow Patrol appeared on Channel 4's show T4 to perform the song on 5 October. A day after the single was released in the UK, the band appeared on Later... with Jools Holland, to perform a few tracks for the then upcoming album (including "Take Back the City"). The show saw the band appear alongside Tom Jones, Eliza Carthy, Norma Waterson and Friendly Fires. Additionally, the song made it to BBC Radio 1 and BBC Radio 2's A list, and subsequently got played twenty times a week. The song was released as a downloadable track for the Rock Band series. The song has also been featured on the Gossip Girl episode "Chuck in Real Life", which aired on 20 October 2008. The track featured on the compilation "Now That's What I Call Music! 71".  The song was released digitally worldwide through iTunes, with a digital single released on 5 October. The single was released on the German iTunes on 10 October. Physically, the single was released in Ireland, Germany and Belgium on 10 October, in the UK and Rest of Europe on 13 October, and in Australia on 11 October. The single was released in two formats, CD and 7" Vinyl and saw a limited release. They were made available in shops for a week, and could be purchased from the online SP store or HMV. The 7" single had two versions, one containing a live version of "Set the Fire to the Third Bar" and the other containing a "Lillica Libertine Remix" of "Take Back the City" as a b-side. At the SP store, all three singles could be bought as a bundle for £5. The CD single was backed by the previously unreleased b-side "The Afterlife". In the Netherlands, the single was released on 17 October.

Music video.

The music video was filmed in the now derelict Millennium Mills in London Docklands, East London and was produced by Paul Weston. Alex Courtes, who has previously directed the music video for "Seven Nation Army" by The White Stripes, directed it. It premiered on Yahoo! Music on 24 September 2008. The band invited fans in the age bracket of 18–35 to be a part of the video as extras. Interested people were required to email their details and photograph to the production company Partizan. The ones chosen were utilized for the pub scene, and scenes were shot on 11 August 2008 after midnight. The video was described by "RockTog" magazine as a "fast paced, headache inducing visual spectacle", but it criticized it for featuring lead singer Gary Lightbody over the other band members.  The video is stop-motion shots of London skyscrapers and Gary Lightbody walking through the city streets, taken by the band's photographer Cedric, which are interspersed with scenes of the band performing the song on their instruments, filmed in the Millennium Mills. In a'making of' video, Lightbody is heard saying that it "may be their best video yet".

Track listing.

Live track featuring Miriam Kaufmann recorded at Mencap's Little Noise Sessions at the Union Chapel, London on 25 November 2007.

Reception.

"Take Back the City" received generally mixed reviews. Daily Music Guide's James Brindle reviewed the single negatively and gave it 2 stars out of 5. He wrote that (the song) feels like Snow Patrol has run out of ideas, and the song sounded like a "re-hash" of "You're All I Have". He criticized the hook for being "average" and called the lyrics bland. He also called Lightbody's vocals banal and "more grating than usual". Yahoo! Music's Julian Marszalek wasn't too pleased either, calling the band "daddies of glum-rock". He noted the song was a faster-paced song than the band's previous work, and declared that "Gary Lightbody discovers his guitar can still be played in a vaguely meaningful manner while making a distorted noise." He went on to say the band "have discovered the majesty of rock", though "not in a Metallica kind of way", and "certainly not in the kind of way that'll clear the dinner party this will end up inevitably soundtracking, but in a nice, sensible, tuneful and tasteful way." He awarded the single 5 stars out of 10. Alex Fletcher of Digital Spy gave the single 3 stars out of 5. He wrote "it attempts to unite the group's new-found love for all things epic and U2-ish with their scruffier indie roots." He felt the guitar was predictable, but praised the lyrics for their depth, citing "It bares its teeth like a light and spits me out after days" as an example. musicOMH's Ryan Helfland was generally pleased with the song, though he had his criticisms. He felt the track was "a continuation of, as opposed to a departure from, the band's commercially viable (yet, at times, predictable) material on über-hit "Eyes Open"." But he also felt that "it conjures images of fans a-plenty bouncing along with the tune's pulsating rhythm, which should be gracing arena scoreboards shortly." He also said the single would likely be succeeded by "a fit-for-primetime television ballad", and "Snow Patrol are likely on the precipice of spectator domination."  However, there were reviewers that welcomed the song. "Billboard"'s Sven Phillip reviewed the single very positively. He said that the "guitar-driven anthem begins humbly, with Bowie-ish vocals dancing over a new wave-infused folk-rock beat." He praised the build up to the refrain, and felt that it was "delivered with the kind of understatement that makes melody-focused U.K. acts so exciting." "NME" reviewed the single positively as well, awarding it 7 stars out of 10. It called the song "pleasing" for being "more of a glammy power-rock ballad in the vein of '80s unit-shifters Starship or Roxette", rather than being "their typical dewy-eyed simperer." It also said that "you won't admit to liking it". The "Sunday Mail"s Avril Cadden reviewed the single positively as well, awarding it 3 stars out of 5, but called it "nothing new or unexpected". But she felt it had "a good tune that will keep their star shining brightly and get lots of radio play." She called the chorus "big" and felt that Gary Lightbody's vocals were "affective".  The single was successful on the charts, charting in ten countries around the world. Its highest peak was #4 in Ireland, where it spent a total of one week. Additionally, it spent ten weeks on the Irish Charts. In the UK, the single hit #6 as their fifth UK Top 10 single and stayed in the charts for eight weeks. The single is also notable for topping the Triple A chart in the United States. The next single taken from the album, "Crack the Shutters" would go on to achieve the same feat. The single hit the Top 40 in a further five countries: Australia, Belgium, New Zealand, Austria and Sweden. Till date, the single has spent a total of sixty-seven weeks on record charts around the world.

Use in "We're Backin' Belfast" Campaign.

In January 2013, Lightbody authorised the use of "Take Back the City" as the theme song for "Backin' Belfast", a marketing campaign to encourage shoppers and diners to return to Belfast city centre after seven weeks of the Belfast City Hall flag protests.  The campaign was supported by local politicians, business owners and local media. #backinbelfast and #takebackthecity were reportedly retweeted over 1.2 million times. Stephen Magorrian, Managing Director of Botanic Inns noted, "There were a lot of people in the city saying to me that they came in because of the campaign."  Lightbody told "The Belfast Telegraph" afterwards, in response to his involvement, "I do get defensive because a lot of people have a very warped idea of what Northern Ireland is because they only see the negative stuff."

"Take Back the City" is a song from alternative rock band Snow Patrol's fifth album "A Hundred Million Suns". It was released as the lead single from the album on different dates in October 2008, depending on the region. The lyrics were written by Gary Lightbody and the music was composed by Snow Patrol. The song has positive lyrics, and is about Lightbody's love for Belfast. The song has been officially remixed once, by Lillica Libertine, and it appeared as a b-side to the single.

Take Back the City est le premier extrait du cinquième album du groupe de rock alternatif Snow Patrol, "A Hundred Million Suns". Le single est sorti au cours du mois d' à travers le monde. Les paroles ont été écrites par Gary Lightbody, qui y évoque son amour pour Belfast. La musique a été composée par Snow Patrol.


Life and work.

He was born at Little Duchrae, Balmaghie, Kirkcudbrightshire, Galloway on 24 September 1859, the illegitimate son of dairymaid Annie Crocket. He was raised by his Cameronian grandparents on the tenanted farm until 1867 when the family moved to Cotton Street, Castle Douglas. (later fictionalised as Cairn Edward). He won the Galloway bursary to Edinburgh University in 1876, where he studied for an MA. He began his journalistic career to supplement his bursary, writing for magazines from 1877. He left University in April 1879 without formally graduating. He travelled throughout Europe as a tutor between the years 1879 and 1881 returning to study for the ministry at Edinburgh's New College. He became minister of The Free Kirk Penicuik in November 1886. He married Ruth Mary Milner (daughter of George Milner) on March 10, 1887. He played a large part gaining justice for the relatives of victims in the Mauricewood Pit Disaster of 1889. He left the ministry in January 1895 to pursue a full time writing career.  The Crocketts had four children: Maisie Rutherford, Philip Hugh Barbour, George Milner and Margaret Douglas, all of whom featured in his children's fictions. The family moved from Bank House, Penicuik in 1906 to Torwood House, Peebles, but Crockett spent much of the year abroad and also regularly returned to Galloway.  He published a volume of poetry, "Dulce Cor" (Latin: "Sweet Heart"), under the pseudonym Ford Brereton in 1886. Dulce Cor is a ruined abbey in Galloway. In the late 1880s he was a regular contributor to "The Christian Leader" magazine, under W.H. Wylie. In 1893 he was noticed by William Robertson Nicoll, and introduced to publisher T. Fisher Unwin who published a first collection of short stories and sketches under the title "The Stickit Minister and some common men" in 1893. It was an instant success, going into six editions within the year. He was taken on by leading London literary agent A.P.Watt who managed his career until his death. There followed extensive publications across a range of journals, magazines and periodicals in the UK and America and most of his 60+ serial works were subsequently published in novel form through James Clarke and Co, Hodder & Stoughton, and others. His contemporary J. M. Barrie had already created a demand for stories in Lowland Scots, with his sketches of Thrums in the late 1880s. R. L. Stevenson a corresponding friend of both writers, described the relationship thus: "you are out of doors and Barrie is indoors" in a letter in 1893.  Crockett's breakthrough year occurred in 1894 when T. Fisher Unwin published no fewer than four of his works, "The Raiders", "The Lilac Sunbonnet", "The PlayActress" and "Mad Sir Uchtred of the Hills".  Crockett was one of the new breed of professional writers emerging in the late 19th century whose work was written for the emerging popular'mass market' readership. As one of the foremost Celebrity Authors he divided literary critics both his own time and subsequently. His fellow late nineteenth century novelist George Gissing for instance found his novel "The Raiders" "wearisome". His early work was dismissed by some contemporary critics as Kailyard and it was a label that has proved hard to shift. The stigma associated with it has seen his work overlooked for many years. A reappraisal of the nebulous connection with Kailyard is beginning to be acknowledged,as evidenced by a re-appraisal of the whole Kailyard concept by writers such as Andrew Nash. The mid-20th century view that his later work was 'over-prolific and feebly sentimental is now being challenged. His work is much less easy to categorise than such simplification suggests, not least because it is so extensive. Most broadly it falls into an historical adventure romance genre. However, he also wrote of contemporary issues, largely from a rural perspective. He championed the rural working classes and was outspoken against all forms of hierarchy. While many of his stories are set in rural Galloway, there are also stories set in Edinburgh, Scotland, England, France, Spain, and further abroad. In the late 1890s he was commissioned to write many introductions (including Blackwood's 1895 edition of John Galt) and, for children, versions of Sir Walter Scott stories ("Red Cap Tales" and "Red Cap Adventures"). He wrote non fiction as well, including a booklet published by the London camera manufacturer, Newman & Guardia, in 1900, comparing cameras favourably to pen and pencil and explaining how he encountered the N and G advertisement. This led to the publications of a non fiction work "The Adventurer in Spain" (1903). His non fiction work "Raiderland" (1904) takes the reader into the Galloway of his youth. He was an early adopter of the typewriter. His novel "Vida" (1908) first serialised in "The People's Friend" in 1907, features what is arguably the first car chase in fiction.  In his youth he was a mountaineer and had an interest in astronomy.  Crockett died in Tarascon, France on 16 April 1914 and was buried at Balmaghie Kirk on April 24 that year. A memorial to him was erected in Laurieston by public subscription in 1932. Queen Elizabeth (later the Queen Mother) was a benefactor.  Most of Crockett's work is now back in print.  In 2014 Ayton Publishing Limited published the 32 volume "Galloway Collection", in time for the centenary of his death.

Published Works.

The current most comprehensive list of Crockett's published work in book form amounts to 66 and is derived from Donaldson and "The Complete Crockett". Details of original UK and US publishers are given where known. A substantial number of works have been republished since the 100th anniversary of his death and are available as print or digital versions. Most comprehensive is "The Galloway Collection". Given the ephemerality of magazine publication it is impossible to give a complete list of all his serialised work or published short stories.  Dulce Cor (1886) London, Kegan, Paul and Co.  The Stickit Minister (1893) London T. Fisher Unwin  The Raiders, (1894) London, T. Fisher Unwin  Mad Sir Uchtred of the Hills (1894) London, T. Fisher Unwin  The Lilac Sunbonnet (1894) London, T. Fisher Unwin  The PlayActress (1894) London, T. Fisher Unwin  Men of the Moss Hags (1895) London, Isbister and Co.  Bog Myrtle and Peat (1895) London, Bliss,Foster and Sands.  A Galloway Herd (1895) New York, R.Fenno and Co.  Cleg Kelly (1896) London, Methuen and Co.  The Grey Man (1896) London, T. Fisher Unwin. New York, Harper & Brothers, 1896  Sweetheart Travellers (1896) London, Wells, Gardner, Darton and Co.  Lads’ Love (1897) London, Bliss, Sands and Co.  Lochinvar (1897) London: Methuen and Co.  The Surprising Adventures of Sir Toady Lion (1897) London: Gardner,Darton and Co. New York: Frederick A. Stokes  The Red Axe (1898) London: Smith, Elder and Co. New York: Harper & Bros.  The Standard Bearer (1898) London: Methuen and Co. New York, D. Appleton & Co, 1898  The Black Douglas (1899) London: Smith, Elder and Co  Kit Kennedy (1899) London: James Clarke and Co. Toronto: W. Briggs.  Ione March (1899) London: Hodder & Stoughton.  Joan of the Sword Hand (1900) London: Ward, Lock and Co. Toronto: Copp, Clark.  The Stickit Minister’s Wooing (1900) London: Hodder & Stoughton.  Little Anna Mark (1900) London: Smith,Elder and Co.  Love Idylls (1901) London: John Murray.  Cinderella (1901) London: James Clarke and Co.  The Firebrand (1901) London: Macmillan and Co.  The Silver Skull (1901) London: Smith, Elder and Co.  The Dark o’ the Moon (1902) London: Macmillan and Co.  Flower o the Corn (1902) London: James Clarke and Co.  The Adventurer in Spain (1903) London: Isbister and Co.  The Banner of Blue (1903) London: Hodder & Stoughton.  The Loves of Miss Anne (1903) London: James Clarke and Co.  Strong Mac (1904) London: Ward, Lock and Co.  Raiderland (1904) London: Hodder & Stoughton.  Red Cap Tales (1904) London: Adam and Charles Black. New York: Macmillan.  Maid Margaret (1905) London: Hodder & Stoughton.  The Cherry Ribband (1905) London: Hodder & Stoughton.  Kid McGhie (1905) London: James Clarke and Co. (published as "Fishers of Men" in the US)  Sir Toady Crusoe (1905) London: Wells, Gardner, Darton and Co.  The White Plumes of Navarre (1906) London: Religious Tract Society.  Little Esson (1907) London: Ward, Lock and Co.  Me and Myn (1907) London: T.F isher Unwin.  Vida (1907) London: James Clarke and Co.  Deep Moat Grange (1908) London: Hodder & Stoughton.  Princess Penniless (1908) London: Hodder & Stoughton.  The Bloom o’ the Heather (1908) London: Eveleigh, Nash.  Red Cap Adventures (1908) London: Adam and Charles Black, New York: Macmillan and Co.  The Men of the Mountain (1909) London: Religious Tract Society.  Rose of the Wilderness (1909) London: Hodder & Stoughton.  The Seven Wise Men (1909) London: Hodder & Stoughton.  My Two Edinburghs (1909) London: The Cedar Press.  The Dew of Their Youth (1910) London: Hodder & Stoughton.  Young Nick and Old Nick (1910) London: Stanley Paul and Co.  The Lady of a Hundred Dresses (1911) London: Eveleigh, Nash.  Love in Pernicketty Town (1911) London: Hodder & Stoughton.  The Smugglers (1911) London: Hodder & Stoughton.  The Moss Troopers (1912) London: Hodder & Stoughton (published as "Patsy" in the US)  Sweethearts at Home (1912) London: Hodder & Stoughton.  Sandy’s Love Affair (1913) London: Hodder & Stoughton.  A Tatter of Scarlet (1913) London: Hodder & Stoughton.  Silver Sand (1914) London: Hodder & Stoughton.  Hal o’ the Ironsides (1915) Posthumous London; Hodder & Stoughton.  The Azure Hand (1917) Posthumous London: Hodder & Stoughton.  The White Pope (1920) Posthumous Edinburgh; Advocates Library.  Rogues Island (1926) Posthumous London: Hodder & Stoughton  Peter the Renegade (2016) Posthumous: Turriff: Ayton Publishing

Samuel Rutherford Crockett (24 September 1859 – 16 April 1914), who published under the name "S. R. Crockett", was a Scottish novelist.

Samuel Rutherford Crockett, né le et mort le, est un écrivain écossais, a vécu et est décédé á Tarascon.


History.

Luftflotte 5 was responsible for German air operations during the invasion of Norway, and for the defence of the occupied territory thereafter. It was divided into various operational formations, governing air forces, and into Air Districts ("Luftgau") controlling ground forces and facilities.  In 1940, for the invasion, its main air asset was "Fliegerkorps X", a formation comprising four bomber and one fighter wings ("Geschwader") together with air support forces. With the conclusion of the Norwegian campaign Fliegerkorps X was moved to other theatres (first to the Battle of Britain, then to the Mediterranean Sea).  On 15 August 1940 the "Luftwaffe" mounted the largest number of sorties of the Battle of Britain. "Luftflotte" 5 attacked the north of England. Believing Fighter Command strength to be concentrated in the south, raiding forces from Denmark and Norway ran into unexpectedly strong resistance. Inadequately escorted by Bf 110s, bombers were shot down in large numbers. North East England was attacked by 65 Heinkel He 111s escorted by 34 Messerschmitt Bf 110s, and RAF Driffield was attacked at midday by 50 unescorted Junkers Ju 88s. Out of 115 bombers and 35 fighters sent, 16 bombers and 7 fighters were destroyed. As a result of these casualties, "Luftflotte" 5 did not appear in strength again in the campaign.  After the invasion of Norway air operations came under "Fliegerführer (Ff) Nord", an ad hoc formation of assigned squadrons ("Staffel") and groups ("Gruppe"). From June 1941 fighter forces in Norway came under the separate command of "Jagdfliegerführer Norwegen". Total forces amounted to three fighter groups and one bomber group, with attached night fighter and fighter bomber squadrons plus auxiliaries.  On the ground Luftflotte 5's assets were administered by a single air district, "Luftgau Kommando(LgK) Norwegen", with subordinate commands operating airfields around Oslo, Kristiansand, Bergen, and Stavanger in the south, Trondheim, in the centre, and Narvik and Kirkenes in the north of the country.  In 1941, with the invasion of the Soviet Union and the entry of Finland into the war as Germany's ally, a second air district was formed ("LgK Finnland") around Rovaniemi, to co-ordinate German air activity on the northern front and Operation Silberfuchs.  In June 1942 "Ff Nord" was divided into three separate commands; "Ff Nord West" ("North (West)"), organized from Trondheim; "Ff Lofoten" operating from the Lofoten Islands against Allied convoys to Murmansk and the Soviet arctic ports; and "Ff Nord Ost" ("North (East)"), supporting Army operations against Murmansk and the northern front. In the summer of 1942 "Ff Lofoten" was reinforced with two bomber groups formed specifically for maritime operations.  In 1944 these formations were reorganized again; "Nord Ost" became, briefly "Ff Eismeer" before becoming "Ff 3"; "Nord West" became "Ff 4"; and "Lofoten" became "Ff 5".  On the ground "LgK Norwegen" became "Kommandierende General der Luftwaffe (K.G.) in Norwegen", covering ground and air formations in Norway, while "LgK Finnland" became "K.G. Finnland", with a similar remit in Finland and, later, northern Norway.  As the war progressed however these organizations became increasingly irrelevant as German forces were forced to retreat and their air strength diminished. By the end of World War II they existed largely on paper.

Luftflotte 5 (Air Fleet 5) was one of the primary divisions of the German Luftwaffe in World War II. It was formed 12 April 1940 in Hamburg for the invasion of Norway. It transferred to Oslo, Norway on 24 April 1940 and was the organization responsible for Luftwaffe activity in Occupied Norway throughout the Second World War.

La Luftflotte 5 ( aérienne) a été l'une des principales divisions de la Luftwaffe allemande durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale.


Professional career.

Europe.

Pleiß joined RheinEnergie Köln (a year later they changed their name to Köln 99ers) of the German Bundesliga as a 17-year-old in 2006. He played with the club for three years, playing in the 2008 EuroCup. After the season ended, he joined the Brose Baskets where he played for three years.  On 24 June 2012, Pleiß left Germany and signed a four-year contract with the Spanish club Saski Baskonia, one of the top teams of the Liga ACB. In the 2013–14 season, he averaged 12.4 points on 58.3 percent shooting and 6.0 rebounds in 21.8 minutes per game. He left Baskonia after two years.  On 11 August 2014, he signed a two-year contract with the Spanish club FC Barcelona. In the 2014–15 ACB season, he averaged 5.7 points and 3.8 rebounds in 13.3 minutes per game while shooting 62.3 percent from the floor. In July 2015, he broke the contract with Barcelona, in order to sign in the NBA.

NBA.

Pleiß declared for the 2010 NBA draft. He was drafted by the New Jersey Nets, who traded his rights to the Atlanta Hawks. The Hawks then sold his rights to the Oklahoma City Thunder. In February 2015, his draft rights were traded to the Utah Jazz as part of a three-team trade.  On 14 July 2015, Pleiß signed a multi-year deal with the Utah Jazz. He made his NBA debut on 30 October in a 99–71 win over the Philadelphia 76ers, recording two points and one rebound in two minutes. On 2 January 2016, in a 92–87 overtime win over the Memphis Grizzlies, Pleiß set career-highs with six points, six rebounds and 17 minutes. During his rookie season, he received multiple assignments to the Idaho Stampede, Utah's D-League affiliate.  On 26 August 2016, Pleiß was traded, along with two 2017 second-round draft picks and cash considerations, to the Philadelphia 76ers in exchange for Kendall Marshall. Five days later, he was waived by the 76ers.

Return to Europe.

On 12 September 2016, Pleiß signed with Turkish club Galatasaray for the 2016–17 season.  On 28 July 2017, Pleiß signed a two-year deal with the Spanish club Valencia Basket.  On 1 August 2018 he signed a two (1+1) year contract with the Turkish club Anadolu Efes S.K.

German national team.

Pleiß was a member of the junior national teams of Germany. He played for the German junior national teams at the 2007 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship and at both the 2008 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship Division B and the 2009 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship.  Pleiß is also a member of the senior men's German national basketball team. He first played for the senior team at EuroBasket 2009, and saw action in three games. He was also in the German team that participated in the 2010 FIBA World Championship in Turkey, where he was the starting center for Germany. He also played at the EuroBasket 2011 and the EuroBasket 2013.

Tibor Pleiß (, alternative spelling Pleiss; born 2 November 1989) is a German professional basketball player for Anadolu Efes of the Turkish Super League and the EuroLeague. Standing, he plays the center position. He is also a member of the German national team.

Tibor Pleiss (aussi orthographié Pleiß), né le à Bergisch Gladbach, est un joueur allemand de basket-ball. Il évolue au poste de pivot.


Early life.

Mills was born in Hod Hasharon, and grew up in Kfar Saba, Israel, and is Jewish. She attended Mosenzon High School.

Fencing career.

Mills began practicing fencing at the age of 11, and became a member of Hapoel Kfar Saba, a local fencing club in Israel. During her career, she won three junior national championship titles in épée. She won the Israel senior women's fencing épée championship four times, in 2005-08. Her coach in Israel has been Ohad Balva. Mills commented on fencing: "Being strong is not enough. Fencing is like playing chess while running a 100 metre race, and it is a chess part that I like most of all."  In 2006, she made her international debut by winning the épée title at the Junior World Fencing Championships. That year, Mills was the No. 1 ranked female junior épée fencer in the world.  Mills won a silver medal in épée representing Israel at the 2007 Summer Universiade in Bangkok, Thailand, losing out to Ukraine's Yana Shemyakina. Mills came in 7th in women's épée at the 2008 European Fencing Championships in Kiev, Ukraine.  Mills qualified for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, after finishing 7th at the 2007 European Fencing Championships in Prague, Czech Republic. She became the first female Israeli fencer to compete in the épée event at an Olympic level, despite falling short of the qualifying criteria by the Olympic Committee of Israel, as it allowed her to be added to the delegation by allocating to her one of the three spots it reserved for promising youngsters. Along with Emily Cross, she became the first Harvard University female fencers, and 14th and 15th in Ivy League history, to qualify for the Olympics.  Mills competed for Israel at the 2008 Olympics in Women's épée at the age of 22. She faced three-time Olympic medalist Laura Flessel-Colovic of France in the First Round of the competition. Mills suffered an anticipated defeat with a score of 8–15, failing to advance into the next round.  After the Olympics, Mills pursued a bachelor's degree in economics, with a minor in neurobiology, at Harvard University. She competed as the member of Harvard's Women's Fencing Team, and as a freshman in 2008-09 came in second at the NCAA Fencing Championships in women's épée to Courtney Hurley. She was named a First-Team All-American, and All-Ivy League. As a sophomore in 2009-10, she was team captain and again came in second at the NCAA Fencing Championships. She was again named a First-Team All-American, and All-Ivy League. As a junior in 2010-11, she again came in second at the NCAA Fencing Championships, and was again an All-American. In 2011, she received the Ivy League NCAA Elite 89 Award, established by the NCAA to recognize the student-athlete with the highest cumulative grade-point average participating at the finals for each of the NCAA's 89 championships, with a 3.86 GPA.  In 2009, she took 7th at the 2009 European Fencing Championships in women's épée in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. Mills competed at the 2010 European Fencing Championships in Leipzig, Germany, where she won the bronze medal in individual épée. She lost 15-14 in the Round of 32 at the 2011 World Fencing Championships to eventual silver medalist, Sun Yujie of China.

Noam Mills (; born May 27, 1986) is an Israeli fencer, who competed in the individual women's épée event for Israel at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. In 2006, she was the No. 1 ranked female junior épée fencer in the world, and won the épée title at the Junior World Fencing Championships. Mills won the silver medal in épée representing Israel at the 2007 Summer Universiade. Competing for the Harvard's Women's Fencing Team, she came in second in the NCAA Championships three times, in 2008-11. She also won the bronze medal at the 2010 European Fencing Championships in women's épée. She is a three-time junior Israeli champion in épée, and a four-time senior Israeli champion.

Noam Mills (en hébreu נעם מילס, née le à Hod HaSharon) est une escrimeuse israélienne, spécialiste de l'épée. Elle appartient au club Hapoel Kfar Saba, Kfar Saba.


Synopsis.

Axur, King of the Persian Gulf kingdom of Ormus, orders one of his soldiers, Altamor, to abduct Aspasia. She's the wife of Atar, the heroic commander of Axur's army. Not knowing who kidnapped Aspasia but suspecting an overseas enemy, Atar speaks with the king and begs for justice. Moved by his appeal, Axur allows Atar to take a ship and seek his wife. Before Atar leaves, Axur's slave-servant, Biscroma, tells the general that the king has abducted Aspasia and hidden her in the royal harem. Enemy troops now threaten to invade Ormus, and the people plead with Atar to save them. Axur undermines Atar by telling the people that the general has better things to do than lead the army. Enraged, Atar declares himself ready to stand at the head of the army and wipe out the nation's enemies.  While a feast is being held prior to the battle, Biscroma disguises Atar as a Nubian and smuggles him into the harem. Axur discovers "the Nubian" in the harem, but does not realize who he is. Axur decides to marry Aspasia to the Nubian as punishment for being unfaithful to Atar. Axur then changes his mind, and instead sends a squad of soldiers into the harem to kill "the Nubian". The soldiers discover "the Nubian's" true identity. They decide not to kill Atar, because they only have orders to kill "the Nubian" and not the general of the army. But they have orders to arrest Atar, so they do so and bring him before the king. Atar is dragged into court as Axur is wooing Aspasia. The husband and wife embrace. Axur sentences Atar to death for violating the royal harem, and Atar is dragged off to the place of execution. But a crowd surrounds the palace and demands Atar's freedom so that he can save the nation. Axur, realizing he has lost the love of the people, removes his crown and commits suicide. The people proclaim Atar the new King of Ormus.

Performance history.

"Axur" premiered at the Burgtheater in Vienna on 8 January 1788, the title role being sung by Francesco Benucci, Mozart's first Figaro. It became one of the most famous operas in Vienna, being performed much more frequently than Mozart's "Don Giovanni", which was first performed in Vienna on 7 May 1788.  The finale of "Axur" appears in the 1984 film "Amadeus." The film is incorrect in presenting "Axur" as being performed soon after the ninth and final performance of Mozart's "Marriage of Figaro" in 1786, and before the death of Mozart's father Leopold Mozart on 28 May 1787.

Recordings.

The overture has been recorded by the Slovak Radio Symphony Orchestra (Bratislava) conducted by Michael Dittrich, on Naxos Records. The Finale can be found on the More Amadeus soundtrack, conducted by Sir Neville Marriner.  The whole opera was recorded by René Clemencic in 1989 in Siena with the Russian Philharmonic Orchestra and Coro "Guido d'Arezzo", with Andreas Martin in the title role, and other leading roles taken by Eva Mei (Aspasia), Curtis Rayam (Atar) and Ettore Nova (Biscroma/Brighella). The recording was issued by Nuova Era in 2001 (NE 7366 & 67) and reissued in 2005.

Axur, re d'Ormus ("Axur, king of Ormus") is an operatic dramma tragicomico in five acts by Antonio Salieri. The libretto was by Lorenzo da Ponte. "Axur" is the Italian version of Salieri's 1787 French-language work "Tarare" which had a libretto by Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais.

Axur, re d'Ormus (ou "Axur, roi d'Ormus") est un opéra écrit par Salieri avec un livret de Da Ponte. La première eut lieu en 1788, à Vienne. Cet opéra est directement issu de "Tarare", un opéra en français composé en 1787 par Salieri mais avec un livret de Pierre Beaumarchais.


Amateur Cycling career.

Eddy began racing bicycles during his senior year in high school in Tampa, Florida. In 1991, aged 22, he moved to France and raced as an elite amateur throughout Europe. In 1994 he won the Tour of Yugoslavia.

Professional career.

Eddy turned professional in 1995 with the Montgomery Bell Professional Cycling Team under his formative coach, Eddie Borysewicz. In his first year as a professional he won the second stage of the Tour of Poland, holding the leaders jersey until the penultimate stage when a crash left him 10th on the GC. In 1996 the team changed title sponsors and became the U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team, which subsequently became known as the Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team. In his second year as a professional Eddy won the biggest one-day event on the US Professional calendar, the USPRO National Road Race Championships in Philadelphia, PA. He also won a stage on the Tour of China. Outside Magazine Online ran daily journal entries from Eddy's first grand tour, the 1997 Vuelta a España - (See below).  Eddy raced for US Postal for 1997 and went on to race for several other Professional teams such as Oil-Me, Ikon-Lexus, Jelly Belly and Sierra Nevada. In 1999 he won the USPRO Saturn Tour.  In 2003 he won the Descente Boulder Criterium with the Trek-VW team.

Major results.

1995  1996  1997  1998  1999  2000

Personal life.

Since retirement Eddy has married, has two kids and become a Corporate Tax Manager (with focus on transfer pricing) and resides in Colorado.

Eddy Gragus (born February 15, 1968 in Cleveland, Ohio) is a former professional cyclist. In 1994 he won the Tour of Yugoslavia as an amateur. In 1996 he won the USPRO National Road Race Championships, and a stage on the Tour of China. In 1999 he won the USPRO Saturn Tour. He raced professionally for the Montgomery Bell Professional Cycling Team and U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team among others.

Eddy Gragus (né le à Boulder dans le Colorado) est un coureur cycliste américain. Professionnel de 1995 à 2002, il a été champion des États-Unis sur route en 1996.


Synopsis.

Ancilotto, the king, heard three sisters talking: Brunora, the eldest sister, said if she married the king's majordomo, she could give the entire court a drink from one glass of water; Lionella, the second, said if she married the king's chamberlain, she could turn one spindle of linen to give fine shifts to the entire court; Chiaretta, the youngest said if she married the king, she would give him triplets who would have fine hair with gold, a gold necklace, and a star on their forehead. The king married them off as they had said. The Queen mother was angry to have such a daughter-in-law. The king had to leave, and while he was gone, Chiaretta gave birth to two sons and a daughter, as she had described. Three black puppies with white stars had been born, and Chiaretta's sisters brought them to the queen. The queen substituted them for the babies, and the babies were put in a box and thrown into the river. A miller, Marmiato, found them. His wife, Gordiana, named the boys Acquirino and Fluvio, and the girl Serena.  Ancilotto was grief-stricken by the story, but when the Queen mother, the midwife, and the queen's sisters all agreed that Chiaretta had given birth to the puppies, he ordered her kept in the dungeon.  Gordiana gave birth to a son, named Borghino. Marmiato and Gordiana learned that if they cut the children's hair, gems fell out of it, and they lived prosperously; but when the children grew up, they learned that they were foundlings and set out. They found Ancilotto's land and met him; he told his mother that he thought they were the children Chiaretta had borne him.  The Queen mother sent the midwife after them, and she tricked Serena into asking for the dancing water. Acquirino and Fluvio went after it; a dove warned them of the danger and then filled up a vial for them. Ancilotto saw them again, and the Queen mother heard of their survival. The midwife tricked Serena into asking for the singing apple. Acquirino and Fluvio went after it, and on the way, their host one night warned them of the danger, and then gave them a robe of mirrors. This would trick the monster that guarded it, when it saw its own reflection. Fluvio used it and picked the apple. Ancilotto saw them again, and the queen learned they had survived. The midwife tricked Serena into asking for a beautiful green bird that could speak words of wisdom day and night, and when Acquirino and Fluvio found the garden with the bird, they looked at marble statues in it, and were turned into statues themselves.  Serena awaited them anxiously and finally set out after them. She reached the garden, snuck up on the bird, and caught it. It begged for its freedom, and showed her how to turn her brothers back to life. Serena said she would free it only if it brought them to their mother and father.  They went to Ancilotto's palace for dinner and brought the water, apple, and bird. The king and guests marveled at the water and apple, and the bird asked what punishment should be imposed on those who tried to kill two brothers and a sister. The queen mother said death by burning, and everyone agreed. The bird told the story of Chiaretta's children; the king freed her and had his mother, her sisters, and the midwife burned.

Other variants.

Other variants of this tale include an oral Italian version, "The Dancing Water, the Singing Apple, and the Speaking Bird", the Spanish "The Bird of Truth", the Russian "The Wicked Sisters", and the Romanian "The Boys with the Golden Stars" and "A String of Pearls Twined with Golden Flowers".

Ancilotto, King of Provino is an Italian literary fairy tale written by Giovanni Francesco Straparola in "The Facetious Nights of Straparola".

Lancelot, roi de Provins ("L'Augel Belverde") est un conte de fées italien figurant dans le premier volume du recueil "Les Nuits facétieuses" (1550 ; fable IV-3) de Giovanni Francesco Straparola.


History.

The area was settled in 1825 by George Tillson and other immigrants from Enfield, Massachusetts. A forge and sawmill were erected and roads built which led to the establishment of this small community, originally called Dereham Forge. The settlement was on the Big Otter Creek.  In 1836 the village was renamed Tillsonburg in honour of its founder. It was also in this year that the main street, Broadway, was laid out to its full width. Because the village was predominantly a logging and wood product centre, the street was built to accommodate the turning of three-team logging wagons. This width is now unique to Ontario and has become a benefit toward handling the pressures of modern-day traffic by providing angled parking. The extension of Broadway north was called Plank Line and is now known as Highway 19.  The mid-19th century proved to be the first step in the industrialization of this municipality. A water system was devised to not only supply pure water for domestic use, but also to provide water power to such industries as a sawmill, planing mill, grist mill, spinning mill, pottery and a tannery. Many of these new establishments were either owned, started, or financed by George Tillson. In 1872 the village was incorporated as the Town of Tillsonburg, with Edwin Delevan Tillson elected as its first mayor. The Town of Tillsonburg reached a population of 2,000 in 1885, experienced its first church dedication, and had its first telephone installation established. Electric power was first used in 1912 and automobiles began to appear on the market.  In 1915, a public library was built with funds provided by the Carnegie Foundation, and the town's Memorial Hospital opened in 1925.  In the 1920s, major enterprises included milk production, manufacture of shoes, tractors, textiles and an increased production of tobacco. The Tillsonburg Livingstons Basketball Team (representative of Tillsonburg's largest industry) won the Canadian Championships in 1952 and represented Canada in the Olympics at Helsinki, Finland. CKOT Radio began broadcasting operations in 1955 and the Ontario Flue-Cured Tobacco Marketing Board opened its new auction exchange three years later.

Government.

Tillsonburg is one of eight municipalities that make up the County of Oxford. The mayor also represents the town as a County Councillor. The county administers social programs, ambulance and paramedic services, planning, water and wastewater services, garbage and landfill operations and the County road system.  Tillsonburg is governed by an elected mayor, deputy mayor and five councillors. Council meets on the 2nd and 4th Mondays of each month in the Council Chambers in the Corporate Municipal Office. They oversee staff and set policy for the various operations and services provided by the town.  The town also owns and operates: Oxford County now owns and operates:

Healthcare.

The town has one hospital accredited through the Ontario Ministry of Health. Tillsonburg District Memorial Hospital is in the downtown area on Rolph Street. The TDMH serves the town and region.

Development.

In the Town's Centennial Year (1972), the new $1,000,000 Community Recreation Complex was opened by the Governor-General of Canada. The Tillsonburg Museum was also opened in the old community centre on the shores of Lake Lisgar. A new library was completed in 1975, and a second indoor skating rink was built in 1977, funded completely by donations from industry, commerce, service clubs, citizens and the Wintario lottery. In 1979, the hospital built a $7,000,000 addition for offices, improved x-ray and emergency departments, and an expanded Intensive Care Unit. A fire hall was constructed in 1979, replacing the old building which was demolished to make way for a downtown mall. The controversial Tillsonburg Town Centre Mall opened in 1980, where the former Town Hall once stood. The mall, a joint effort of the town and Trottier Investments, was built primarily to meet competition from out-of-town malls and keep more of the shopping dollar in town. In 1983, two important buildings - Annandale House (built by the founding Tillson family) and the Hale Street railway station became public buildings. The former would be restored as a house museum, while the latter became The Station Arts Centre.  A residential development geared for seniors, named Hickory Hills, began selling homes in 1986. The development significantly added to the town's population and increased the pool of volunteers for local non-profit agencies.  In 1991, a food bank was established for the community's needy and continues to be operated on a volunteer basis.  Throughout the early 1990s, volunteers were also busy on the Lake Lisgar Renaissance Project, which sought to revitalize the lake, and make the park around the lake more attractive with the construction of a gazebo, water fountain and walkways into the lake.  In that period two major entertainment outlets closed: the Skylark Drive-In and the Strand movie theatre, victims of the video store arrival. The original angled marquee architecture of the Strand Theatre is still intact but the building is again unoccupied after brief stints as businesses. To the relief of many, big screen movies came back in Tillsonburg in 1996 with the opening of Broadway Cinemas.  In 1994, the downtown area was significantly enhanced with the construction of the Rotary Club Clock Tower, which incorporated a clock from the town's former Post Office, and a bell from the demolished Town Hall. Soon, it became a community tradition (sponsored by the Rotary Club) for local residents to gather at the Clock Tower to ring in the New Year with fireworks, hot apple cider and the dropping of a ball.  Further development of residential senior's focused development began in 2001 with the Baldwin Place subdivision located on the western periphery of the town. This development which is in Phase 8 will have approximately 300 homes when completed.  The Tillsonburg Community Centre was refurbished in 2004 with renovations and enlargement of the main ice surface to NHL size. The project's scope of work included keeping the whale-back roof as a key architectural feature as well as to increase seating and provide for new recreation and health club facilities.  Residential development includes the re-urbanization of the former railway lands on Bridge Street East which is the site of Tillson Landing condominium, the first such highrise construction in more than a decade.

Industry and economy.

Tillsonburg serves a regional tri-county area of 225,000 people at the convergence of Oxford, Elgin and Norfolk counties. The industrial base has become quite diverse during the decline of the once prominent tobacco industry. The area is home to several branch plants of major US-based automotive suppliers including Autoneum Canada Ltd, Guardian Industries, THK-TRW and Adient. There are many service-related industries including Verspeeten Cartage, Marwood International Inc., Inovata Foods, E & E McLaughlin, J/E Bearing Ltd., Fleetwood Metal Products, and MIL-SIM-FX International Inc.  The town has a very active and developing downtown core area which includes the Tillsonburg Town Centre mall, built in 1980 and big box stores including Canadian Tire, Shopper's Drug Mart and Staples-Business Depot. Newly expanded The Source store and Mark's Work Wearhouse are in the Tillsonburg Town Centre Mall.  All of the major Canadian chartered banks have branches in the town and there is also a credit union.  The town is served by three grocery stores: Sobeys, Zehrs and Metro.  Tillsonburg is served by three radio stations; the New Country 107.3 (107.3 CJDL FM), Country 1510 (1510 CKOT AM), Easy 101 (101.3 CKOT FM) and two newspapers: "The Tillsonburg News" and "The Tillsonburg Independen"t.  The town has been positively impacted by the CAMI plant in Ingersoll, 22 kilometres north of the town, which opened in 1986. The CAMI plant, owned by General Motors of Detroit, Michigan, produces the Chevrolet Equinox and GMC Terrain CUVs.  The announcement of a new Toyota plant in Woodstock, 30 km northeast of Tillsonburg, will have a similarly positive impact on the development of Tillsonburg. In preparation for the increased traffic demands in the County of Oxford, Highway 19 has been upgraded and completely rebuilt north of the town to Highway 401.  The area also has a strong agricultural community with cash crops, hog farming, milk production, tobacco, ginseng and various tertiary crops (including watermelons).  The town has recently become a hub for regional operations of the Ontario Provincial Police including Oxford County Division Headquarters and also the Southwestern Ontario Forensics laboratory which opened in April 2008.  The town is the third fastest growing community in Oxford County, and ranks as one of the top places to live in Canada.

Tourism.

In January 2006 the "National Post" listed Tillsonburg as number 75 on the top 100 places to visit in Canada. Annandale House was designated a Canadian National Historic Site in 1997.  Tillsonburg is home to three barn quilts. One is on the north end of town on the side of a furniture store, shaped as a barn. Another one is on the grounds of Station Arts in front of the caboose and the third quilt is on the original Pea & Barley Mill, built in 1878 by E.D. Tillson, son of the town's founder and opened in 2009 as the Mill Tales Inn beside the Otter Creek featuring a restaurant and inn. These barn quilts make up part of the Barn Quilt Trail in Southwest Ontario.  Another attraction is the Station Arts Centre, a multi-use facility which was created from two historic train stations that were joined together by a central gallery. It has been home to artistic, cultural and technical groups since its founding in 1983. It is also home to the Saturday morning Tillsonburg Farmers' Market which operates from May to November.  A number of organizations across Tillsonburg collaborate in putting together events such as Turtlefest, the Week of Remembrance and the Tillsonburg Country Christmas Festival.  Camping is available north of town at Casey's Park on Highway #19 north of Mount Elgin, which is the home of weekly Country Music Jamborees between Victoria Day and Labour Day, where audience members are encouraged to participate on stage.  Lake Lisgar, a small lake in the centre of town, has been rehabilitated and is home for the Tillsonburg Rowing Club and the Lake Lisgar Water Park.

Education.

Elementary and secondary schools.

Tillsonburg elementary and secondary schools are under the control of two school boards, the Thames Valley District School Board (TVDSB) and the London District Catholic School Board (LDCSB).

Demographics.

All statistics are based on the 2006 census by Statistics Canada.

Transportation.

Road and rail.

Though not directly on the route, Highway 401 passes close to the town, and is connected to it by Highway 19, at exit 218. Greyhound no longer has weekly bus service to and from Tillsonburg. Also, there has been no transit system since Tillsonburg Transit ceased operations in 2001 after a 6-year lifespan, however there are 3 taxi cab companies.  The Town of Tillsonburg rail service was served by the St. Thomas & Eastern Railway, a division of Trillium Railway, which ran in most cases parallel to Highway 3 in the south end of the town on the former Canadian National Railway Cayuga subdivision, previously the Great Western Railway's "Canada Air Line". Service on the STER was daily, Monday to Friday, but ceased operation in 2013.  The Ontario Southland Railway also serves Tillsonburg using the former CPR Port Burwell subdivision running from nearby Ingersoll, parallel to Highway 19 north of town, and then into the north-east end of town. The OSR interchanges with the STER at the south end of town.  Passenger train services are provided by Via Rail stations in nearby Ingersoll or Woodstock.

Air.

The town is served by the Tillsonburg Municipal Airport, owned and operated by the Town of Tillsonburg. The airport is 7 km north of the town in Southwest Oxford Township. The airport is home to several aviation-related businesses. The airport has 3 runways, with the primary runway being re-constructed and extended to 5,500 feet, constructed of asphalt. Its terminal building houses a flying school and has a cafe, lounge, patio and viewing area. The airport is used by corporate aircraft including jets. Regular users of the airport also include the Canadian Harvard Aircraft Association, Air Ambulance, Canadian Coast Guard, the Ontario Provincial Police and other government agencies.

Popular culture.

Stompin' Tom Connors and The Cash Brothers have each written and recorded songs entitled "Tillsonburg".

Tillsonburg is a town in Oxford County, Ontario, Canada with a population of 15,872 located about 50 kilometres southeast of London, on Highway 3 at the junction of Highway 19.

Tillsonburg est une ville du Comté d'Oxford dans la province de l'Ontario au Canada, fondée par Georges Tillson. Cette ville est la ville de naissance du médecin aventurier Tillson Harrison, le petit-fils de Georges Tillson, mais également de Clara Sipprell, une photographe.


Architecture and art.

Spadina and Bloor.

The largest above ground structure is the bus station; its main entrance, along with elevators and a fare collector booth, is located on the east side of Spadina Road just north of Bloor Street, which currently serves as the terminus of the "127 Davenport" bus route. Originally, it was built to serve as a looping facility for the former "77 Spadina" bus which operated until the underground streetcar loop was added and the buses were replaced by "510 Spadina" streetcars. This building, with its pseudo-mansard roof and brick arches and no obvious bold signage like most other station entrances, is located at the easterly end of the Bloor line platforms. There is a secondary entrance building directly opposite, on the west side of Spadina Road, which is only accessible to those with Presto cards.  At the street level, there are three large cedar wood carvings called "K'san Village House Posts" depicting an owl, a wolf and a hawk. They are the work of Fedelia O'Brien, Murphy Green and Chuck Heit respectively, who are from the Gitxsan First Nation in British Columbia.

Walmer Road.

There is an automatic entrance, accessible only to Presto card holders as of November 2017, on the east side of Walmer Road. It leads to the west end of the Bloor line platforms.

Norman B. Gash House.

The main entrance to the Yonge–University line part of the station is concealed inside a house at 85 Spadina Road, which was built in 1899 and listed as a heritage property by the City of Toronto in 1974. The building was designed by architect Robert Ogilvie for lawyer Norman Gash. The property had previously been needed for construction of the Spadina Expressway, which was cancelled in 1971. Since it was still planned to build the subway on its original route along the course of the expressway, the site was subsequently acquired by Metropolitan Toronto in 1972, with the intention of replacing it with a new station building. Local protest forced the TTC to repurpose the old building, thereby retaining the residential character of the neighbourhood. Opposite the house, on the west side of Spadina Road at Kendal Avenue, there is an uncovered stairwell entrance to the station mezzanine. There are northbound and southbound bus stops outside the entrances. This entrance only accepts Presto cards.  This building includes two large artworks: "Morning Glory" by Louis de Niverville, a surreal enamel mural sited on the ground level by the stairwell; and "Barren Ground Caribou" by Joyce Wieland, a huge quilt featuring caribou in a tundra landscape, located near the unmanned turnstile on the concourse level below.

Subway infrastructure in the vicinity.

This section of the Bloor line was constructed by cut and cover on a strip of land behind the properties fronting on the north side of Bloor Street. The tracks run east from here to the lower level of St. George station. Between the stations connecting tracks from the Bloor line rise on each side to the upper level of St. George station, like exit ramps on a highway, providing a link with the University line.  The section of the Yonge–University line at and between Dupont and Spadina stations was constructed under Spadina Road. South of the station the tunnel turns off-street and curves eastward through 90 degrees to run briefly parallel to Bloor Street before entering the upper level of St. George station.

Nearby landmarks.

The station is located in The Annex neighbourhood at the northwest corner of the University of Toronto main campus. Destinations and nearby points of interest include the Spadina Road Branch of the Toronto Public Library, Native Canadian Centre of Toronto, Miles Nadal Jewish Community Centre, Bloor Street United Church, Trinity-St. Paul's United Church.

Surface connections.

When the subway is closed, streetcars still enter the station. TTC routes serving the station include:

Spadina is a subway station on Line 1 Yonge–University and Line 2 Bloor–Danforth in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located on Spadina Road, north of Bloor Street West. It is the only station open overnight, along with Union station. Wi-Fi service is available at this station.

Spadina est une station des lignes Yonge-University-Spadina et Bloor-Danforth du métro de Toronto, au Canada. Elle est située au 371 Bloor Street à l'intersection de Spadina Road et elle fut inaugurée le pour la ligne Bloor-Danforth et le pour la ligne Yonge-University-Spadina. La station a une moyenne de fréquentation de personnes par jour pour l'année 2010.


History.

Wilson Station was opened in what was then the Borough of North York as the last station in the 1978 subway line extension north from St. George Station. According to historian Mike Filey, Wilson Avenue is a misspelling of Arthur L. Willson, who was a clerk and treasurer of York Township for over twelve years around 1875. Among Arthur Wilson's accomplishments were writing a "municipal manual", "which has been found of practical value as a guide to those requiring a knowledge of municipal law", according to a history of the County of York.  Wilson was the northwestern terminus of the Yonge–University line for eighteen years and a major hub for TTC bus service, but with the extension to (then named "Downsview") in 1996, many of the bus routes serving areas to the north were moved to the new station.  From the station's opening in 1978 until 2017, the station had a fare collector booth where passengers could purchase legacy fare media such as tickets, tokens, and Metropasses. On December 17, 2017, this station became one of the first eight stations to discontinue the sale of legacy TTC fare media (tokens and tickets). Presto vending machines were available to sell Presto cards and to load money onto them. On May 3, 2019, this station became one of the first ten stations to sell Presto tickets via Presto vending machines.  In November 2018, construction began on three new elevators, automatic sliding doors, and a new accessible washroom, to make the station wheelchair accessible.

Architecture and art.

Wilson is one of two Yonge–University line stations on the west side of the line, along with, that were designed by the TTC's in-house architects.  The subway station building is a simple enclosed concrete structure built within the median of Allen Road where it crosses over Wilson Avenue. The mezzanine level connects by a maze of tunnels to the bus terminal, a kiss-and-ride facility and four commuter parking lots with a total of 2257 spaces. An additional island bus platform, no longer needed for the reduced number of connecting buses after the line was extended to Sheppard West Station, was mothballed and now serves as a storage area.  A wall sculpture by Ted Bieler entitled "Canyons" is located at the mezzanine level.

Subway infrastructure in the vicinity.

Northwest of the station is the Wilson Yard, opened in 1977, which houses the system's largest subway marshalling yard having taken over Yonge-University line operations from Davisville Yard in 1993 and a large bus garage servicing most of the bus routes in north Toronto. The original yard access tracks form part of the mainline north to station, crossing under the southbound lanes of Allen Road and descending, as does the road itself, down to ground level. There is a diamond crossover south of the station, widely used to reverse trains when the station was a terminus, and still frequently used for short turning.

Nearby landmarks.

Nearby landmarks include Costco, the southern end of Downsview Park (formerly Downsview Airport); large events at the park, such as visits by the Pope John Paul II and benefit concerts, have resulted in heavy use of this station.

Surface connections.

TTC routes serving the station include: During the early morning, the following routes from Sheppard West station also operate to/from Wilson station.

Wilson is a subway station on Line 1 Yonge–University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located in the median of Allen Road at Wilson Avenue. Wi-Fi service is available at this station.

Wilson est une station de la ligne Yonge-University-Spadina du métro de Toronto, au Canada. La station fut inaugurée le et il possède 2257 places de stationnement incitatif.


History.

Personal branding, self-positioning, and all individual branding by whatever name, were first introduced in 1937 in the book "Think and Grow Rich" by Napoleon Hill. In Chapter 6 – Organized Planning, Planning the Sale of Services– Hill states, "It should be encouraging to know that practically all the great fortunes began in the form of compensation for personal services, or from the sale of IDEAS." The idea surfaced later in the 1981 book "Positioning: The Battle for Your Mind", by Al Ries and Jack Trout. More specifically in "Chapter 23. Positioning Yourself and Your Career - You can benefit by using positioning strategy to advance your own career. Key principle: Don't try to do everything yourself. Find a horse to ride". It was later popularized by Tom Peters.  Personal branding has gained significance due to the use of the Internet, as social media and online identities affect the physical world.  Employers are increasingly using social media tools to vet applicants before offering them interviews. Practices include searching an applicant's history on sites such as Facebook and Twitter, and conducting background checks using search engines and other tools. This is leading to the decline of resume-only job applications, in favor of presenting other forms of personal branding. These may include links to a professional profile (such as LinkedIn), a personal blog, a portfolio of industry-related articles, and evidence of an online following. These efforts may improve a person's chances of obtaining a job.

Personal Branding Steps.

Step 1: Perform an audit of your online footprint.  Step 2: Remove threats hurting your reputation in search results.  Step 3: Create and post assets highlighting your best qualities.  Step 4: Strengthen your credibility through reputation maintenance.  Step 5: Monitor the results and tweak your strategy based on successes.

Goffman's Self-presentation theory.

Erving Goffman's Self-presentation theory explores the way people want to be seen and how people are perceived by their peers. Goffman uses the term "Dramaturgy" to describe looking at one's own persona as a drama, treating your actions as an actor in a play. One can control how they are viewed by their peers, and in the case of celebrities or athletes, can build a personal brand through utilizing what they present to their publics using various social media outlets. Self-presentation theory and personal branding go hand in hand, we see celebrities and athletes building a particular brand, or persona over with the use of Twitter, Facebook, Instagram and Snapchat. Building a personal brand is a big part of a celebrity's life, and it can help them spread awareness and also provide an outlet to connect with their fans/supporters. This is made possible through the use of social media and the ability of the person looking to build a personal brand to make their messages heard. The theory of self-presentation looks at how people look to create an identity for themselves that they would like to be seen as by their peers or in the public eye. This is what Goffman calls the "front stage".  The front stage is a key component of this theory and it is a way a person acts when in public or around other people to build a certain persona for how they would like others to view them. The front stage is where celebrities and athletes tend to build their own brand and show many positive, deliberate messages that will try to portray them in a certain light in which the person would like to be seen. As opposed to what Goffman refers to as the "back stage", which is a particular way a person acts when they are not in public or not posting on social media, trying to build a particular persona or brand they would like others to see.  There are many examples of celebrities building a brand for themselves over some sort of social media platform. In fact, it is rare to see an athlete or celebrity without a social media page whether it is Twitter or Instagram. Celebrities use these outlets as ways of branding themselves, by showing people their lives and having fans feel close to them, almost like they are friends, and have a connection through social media outlets such as Twitter and Instagram. Also, to keep more of their fans interested, and to reach as many as possible many celebrities will update daily on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Snapchat so their message can be seen by a wider audience. They can keep fans informed on everything from what they want to wear, to their political views. Social Media has provided a simple way for celebrities to get their personal brand to reach a wider audience, and they utilize the 'front stage' to influence people in a particular way and to make themselves look good in the public eye.  The 'back stage' is part of Goffman's theory of self-presentation theory, and it is happenings or beliefs people wouldn't want their peers or public to necessarily see or hear. These are happenings that go on behind the scenes that can oftentimes hurt someone's reputation and are avoided when a celebrity is trying to build a personal brand. These are often personal happenings, or beliefs that will negatively effect how an audience will look at the brand you are building. There are numerous examples of celebrities saying something that they didn't want their public to hear but got out and this hurts the brand they are building. One example of this is when LA Clippers owner Donald Sterling made racist comments to his then girlfriend and she had recorded them and put them on her social media. Donald Sterling was quickly removed from the team and is no longer associated with the NBA. This is an example of how something in the back stage will negatively affect what you want the public to see you as.  Self-presentation theory is very apparent in the world of celebrities and professional athletes and is a big part of building a brand for themselves. Goffman's theory seems to identify itself well with the personal branding of these celebrities and you can see why they would want to utilize social media to positively show a message they want to be heard by their public (front stage) and avoid more personal beliefs that may negatively effect their brand (back stage).

Social media.

Social media can be "roughly defined as 'a group of Internet-based applications that build on the ideological and technological foundations of Web 2.0 and that allow the creation and exchange of user-generated content'". Social media extends beyond just Facebook and Twitter and into the professional world as well. There are general professional profiles like LinkedIn and company or industry-specific networks, such as Slack. Because of these professional networks, self-branding is useful in finding a job or improving one's professional standing. As an online open source, social media has become a place that is fulfilled with highly reliable and resourceful information to target user identities.  Building a brand and an online presence through internal corporate networks allows for individuals to network with their colleagues, not only socially but professionally as well. This kind of interaction allows for employees to build up their personal brand relative to other employees, as well as spur innovation within the company because more people can learn from more people.  Some social media sites, like Twitter, can have a flattened, all-encompassing audience that can be composed of professional and personal contacts, which then can be seen as a more "'professional' environment with potential professional costs". Because of its explicitly public nature, Twitter becomes a double-sided platform that can be utilized in different ways depending on the amount of censorship a user decides on.  Personal branding focuses on "self-packaging," where "success is not determined by individuals' internal sets of skills, motivations, and interests but, rather, by how effectively they are...branded"; it is more about self-promotion rather than true self-expression. The difference between the two is that self-promotion is deliberately intentional in all aspects because the individual is purposely shaping their image or persona, while self-expression can even be a byproduct of promotion.  Aside from professional aspirations, personal branding can also be used on personal-level social networks to flare popularity. The online self is used as a marketing and promotional tool to brand an individual as a type of person; success on the virtual platforms then becomes "online social value [that could transform] to real rewards in the offline world." When one is branding themselves on social media they need to consider these three things: "crafting their physical footprint, creating their digital footprint, and communicating their message." A prominent example of a self-made self-branded social media icon is Tila Tequila, who rose to prominence in 2006 on the Myspace network, gaining more than 1.5 million friends, through expertly marketing her personal brand.  As social media has become a vehicle for self-branding, these moguls have begun to situate the maintenance of their online brand as a job, which brings about new ways to think about work and labor The logic of online sites and the presence of feedback means that one's online presence is viewed by others using the same rubric to judge brands: evaluation, ranking, and judgment. Thus, social media network sites serve as complex, technologically mediated venues for the branding of the self.

Criticisms.

Personal branding offers promises of increased success in the business world. Thousands of self-help books, programs, personal coaches, and articles exist to help individuals learn to self-brand. These strategies emphasize authenticity and are often framed as becoming'more of who you are' as well as who 'you were meant to be.'  The other side of these'strategies for success' is that this is very subtle self-commodification. Because personal branding is basically pointing out, and in some cases, glorifying, certain positive characteristics of an individual, it is not unlike traditional branding of products and companies. This puts individuals in the place of products, in which their efforts to appear more human are subverted.  This possibility is exploited by celebrities and politicians, as "marketing individual personalities as products" is an effective way to gain millions of fans not just online but in real life as well. For celebrities of all types, online personas are their brands. Public relations for Justin Bieber and Barack Obama alike can easily control the "brand" and maximize exposure and profitability.  On the other hand, personal branding may afford potential employers the opportunity to more accurately judge a candidate's abilities and cultural suitability, since blogs, profiles, websites, etc., are pieces of work that can be evaluated.  One of the main reasons where the personal branding doesn't take off or leads to criticism is when the particular person employs an external agent who doesn't have any knowledge what this person is doing to do the work. This agent can mess up the work in most of the cases which leads to posting irrelevant contents in Social media, posting items that creates a friction in the society, simply involving in someone’s private space and answering questions for them. All these create a negative image or lead to a bad image for that personality. One of such experience that we can relate to is the experience that one of the prominent Indian Ministers had

Disclosure.

Personal branding involves the practice of self-disclosure, and this transparency is part of what Foucault would call "the proper care of the self". In this sense, disclosure refers to the details of one's everyday life for other's consumption, while transparency is the effect of this kind of disclosure. Transparency essentially works to give viewers a complete view of one's authentic self.  Digitally aided disclosure, which involves building a self-brand on a social network site, relies on traditional discourses of the authentic self as one that is transparent, without artifice, and open to others. Authenticity is viewed as both residing inside the self and is also demonstrated by allowing the outside world access to one's inner self. It is interesting to think about the idea of authenticity with disclosure, and the freedom social networks allow in disclosing an inauthentic self. All the while, these posting are forming a digital archive of the self, through which a brand could be crafted by others. An example of this is Carly Fleishmann, whose Twitter posting created an iconicity and brand without her ever speaking out loud. Another example of a figure who rose to prominence through this disclosure is Ingrid Nilsen, who posted a video on YouTube coming out as lesbian and subsequently took off as a YouTube star. Through disclosure individuals are able to go through the process of personal branding.

Personal branding is the conscious and intentional effort to create and influence public perception of an individual by positioning them as an authority in their industry, elevating their credibility, and differentiating themselves from the competition, to ultimately advance their career, increase their circle of influence, and have a larger impact.

Le marketing personnel, ou personal branding, ou marketing de soi-même, est le fait de manager les compétences d'une personne, ses valeurs et sa valeur ajoutée pour son entourage, son public professionnel, son positionnement et son image, comme on markète un service.


History.

The division of Adelaide was one of seven single-member seats established when the seven-member statewide Division of South Australia was abolished following the inaugural 1901 election. For the first 40 years after Federation, it was one of the few Federation seats in the state that regularly changed hands between the Australian Labor Party and the conservative parties. Despite the bellwether-like swinging tendency, unusually the only time Adelaide was obtained by an incoming government was in 1931.  However, Labor held it for all but six years from 1943 to 1993, including a 23-year Labor hold during the Robert Menzies era. For most of the time from 1943 to 1987, it was a fairly safe Labor seat. Labor's hold on the seat loosened slightly in the late 1980s due to pro-Liberal demographic change; it was briefly lost to the Liberals at a 1988 by-election, but regained in 1990.  Very similar to the modern-day state-level electoral district of Adelaide, historically the federal-level Division of Adelaide covered only the Adelaide city centre and a few nearby inner north suburbs up to Regency Road in Prospect for most of its first century.

Later years.

A pre-1993 boundary redistribution pushed the seat to the south, adding Liberal-friendly suburbs to the south of the Adelaide city centre for the first time while removing Labor suburbs in the north-east, resulting in Liberal Trish Worth holding the seat for eleven years, albeit on slender margins.  Kate Ellis regained Adelaide for Labor in 2004 on a 1.3 percent margin from a two percent two-party swing. Ellis has held the seat since, with the margin increasing to 8.5 percent in 2007, before falling to 7.7 percent in 2010 and to 4.0 percent in 2013, before increasing to 4.7 percent in 2016.  In 2016, the major party vote was suppressed in all eleven state seats in the presence of Nick Xenophon Team (NXT) candidates in all eleven South Australian seats. Though Labor picked up a two-party swing in all eleven, the NXT presence produced a result where Kingston ended up as the only South Australian seat to record an increase, however small, to the primary vote of a particular major party. Additionally, Adelaide was the only seat of the state's eleven where the Greens vote increased, while also producing both the highest Green vote and the lowest NXT vote in the state. This is in contrast to 2007 where the Xenophon Senate ticket polled higher in Adelaide than in most other seats.

2018 redistribution and next election.

Labor incumbent Kate Ellis announced in March 2017 that she would step down from the Labor shadow cabinet in the following months and would not re-contest her seat at the end of the parliamentary term. The 2018 South Australian federal redistribution saw the seat of Adelaide lose all of its inner-eastern suburbs and a couple of its southern suburbs, while gaining a long strip of western suburbs spanning the entire north-south length of the seat. These changes saw the Labor margin increase significantly from 4.7 percent to a notional 9.0 percent. In July 2018, Steve Georganas, the Labor member for neighbouring Hindmarsh, sought and won preselection for Adelaide at the 2019 election, yielding his former seat to fellow Labor MP Mark Butler, the member for abolished Port Adelaide.

The Division of Adelaide is an Australian electoral division in South Australia and is named for the city of Adelaide, South Australia's capital.

La circonscription d'Adélaïde est une circonscription électorale australienne en Australie-Méridionale. Elle a été créée en 1903 et porte le nom de la ville.