Early life and education.

Gail Sheehy was born in Mamaroneck, New York, to Lillian Rainey Henion and Harold Merritt Henion. Her mother's family was Scotch-Irish. Her grandmother, Agnes Rooney ran away from Northern Ireland to the United States as a mail-order bride. Another part of her mother's family was Scottish and worked the Ulster plantation for English landowners.  Growing up, Sheehy was close to her father's mother, Gladys Latham Ovens. Ovens' husband had died of a stroke during the Great Depression—and after he died, Ovens went to work as a real estate agent, a career that lasted for over 40 years. Ovens bought Sheehy her first typewriter at age 7. When as an adolescent Sheehy began to sneak into New York City on Saturday mornings to explore, her grandmother kept her secret.  In 1958, Sheehy graduated from the University of Vermont with a Bachelor of Arts in English and Home Economics. She later returned to school in 1970, earning her Master of Arts in Journalism from Columbia University, where she studied on a Rockefeller Foundation fellowship under renowned cultural anthropologist Margaret Mead.

Career.

1960s.

Sheehy's first job after college was working for the J. C. Penney department store chain. Sheehy traveled across the country putting on educational fashion shows for college home economics departments. It was here that Sheehy began writing professionally—she wrote for the company's magazines and worked with ad agencies to make informational filmstrips.  The next few years, a young married Sheehy supported her husband through medical school and began her work as a journalist. Sheehy moved to Rochester, New York where she found a job as a journalist for the "Democrat and Chronicle" in 1961. She wrote for the women's page and for the Sunday feature section. Sheehy and her husband then moved to the East Village in New York. Sheehy became a mother, but continued to work for various publications including the "World Telegram" for a brief time in 1963 and then the "New York Herald Tribune" from 1963 to 1966. Sheehy decided to leave her daily reporting job to become a freelance journalist. Sheehy and her husband divorced in 1968.  Sheehy participated in a number of important and significant cultural events in the 1960s including covering Robert Kennedy's campaign and Woodstock. Sheehy was one of the original contributors to "New York" magazine and contributed from 1968 through 1977. Clay Felker, founder of the magazine, and Sheehy's future husband, encouraged Sheehy to write "big" stories—one of the first was following Robert Kennedy. on the campaign trail in 1968. She traveled with the campaign to the West Coast and had access to interview Kennedy directly. Sheehy was en route back to New York when Kennedy was assassinated in California. Sheehy covered the rise of amphetamine use in New York after her sister became addicted. Sheehy helped her sister get off drugs and they attended at Woodstock in order to hide from her sister's drug pusher.  In 1969-70, Sheehy was awarded a Rockefeller Foundation fellowship to attend graduate school at Columbia University. While there, she studied for under professor and anthropologist Margaret Mead who was then in her seventies. Inspired by Mead, Sheehy investigated cultural trends with articles on "The Fractured Family" in "New York" magazine. During a commencement speech given at the University of Vermont, Sheehy credited Mead with encouraging her to become a cultural interpreter: 'Whenever you hear about a great cultural phenomenon—a revolution, an assassination, a notorious trial, an attack on the country—drop everything. Get on a bus or train or plane and go there, stand at the edge of the abyss, and look down into it. You will see a culture turned inside out and revealed in a raw state."

1970s.

In the 1970s Sheehy's portfolio of high profile articles grew and she began to author books. In addition to writing for "New York Magazine", she also wrote a monthly article for Cosmopolitan--her first story had her travel to India to meet Maharishi Mahesh Yogi and his disciples.  Several of Sheehy's articles for the "New York Magazine" were developed into books. This includes her novel "Lovesounds" (1970), "Panthermania: The Clash of Black against Black in One American City" (1971), and "Hustling: Prostitution in Our Wide Open Society" (1973). Lovesounds was a psychological novel that deals with the dissolution of a marriage was based on her own first marriage. Her Random House editor, Nan Talese, suggested that Sheehy use a Rashomon-style for the novel, alternating the story between the wife and husband. Talese also loaned Sheehy the use of an apartment to write in.  In 1971, Sheehy published a series on prostitution in New York magazine called the "Wide Open City." She used the New Journalism style which includes vivid description and narration for the article "Redpants and Sugarman." Sheehy later came under fire for fictionalizing a character which was a composite. Clay Felker accepted blame for taking out the paragraph describing the use of composites within the article. Sheehy's story was chronicled in the book "Hustling" and later made into an NBC 1975 television movie starring Jill Clayburgh as Redpants and Lee Remick as the journalist. According to producer, George Pelecanos, Sheehy was the inspiration for a reporter character in the HBO series, "The Deuce".  The summer of 1971, Sheehy and Felker rented a house in East Hampton. Sheehy and her daughter found an abandoned box of kittens and since they could not take them back to New York, Sheehy's daughter suggested they take the kittens to the "witch house" across the street. It was there that Sheehy first encountered Little Edie Beale and her mother Big Edie Beale, the reclusive cousins of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis living in a dilapidated 28 room mansion called Grey Gardens. Sheehy spent the next few weekends of that summer on the beach with Little Edie learning about their story. Sheehy profiled the two in "New York Magazine" in ""the Secret of Grey Gardens"." After the article was published, Onnassis came forward with a check for $25,000 to help clean up the property. Little Edie and Big Edie were profiled in 1975 in the now famous Grey Gardens documentary by the Maysles brothers.  Sheehy traveled to Northern Ireland in 1972 to report on the Irish women involved in the Irish civil rights movement. Margaret Thatcher's government had created the Special Powers Act that allowed British soldiers to round up Catholic men. The women and family members left behind became fierce fighters. She was next to a young boy right after a march and as British soldiers moved in when the boy was struck in the face by a bullet. That day, January 30, 1972, became known as Bloody Sunday or the Bogside Massacre. Sheehy was trapped inside a Catholic ghetto which was under the authority of the IRA. She made her escape in a car over pastureland to Dublin. There Sheehy traveled to several safe houses and interviewed Rita O'Hare. The whole experience affected Sheehy deeply and on her return to the States she had a difficult time writing the story and developed a fear of airplanes which she later described as PSTD or posttraumatic stress syndrome. It was at this time in the mid-seventies that Sheehy began work on her book, "Passages". After conducting about forty interviews for a book on couples—Sheehy noticed a theme within her interviewees that were in their late thirties and early forties. The subjects expressed being unsettled. At this time, Sheehy began studying work by Elliott Jacques on mid-life crisis between the ages of thirty-five and forty as well as works by Erik Ericson on adult life stages. Sheehy coined the term "Second Adulthood" to describe the equilibrium that follows the crisis. It was during this time that Sheehy's long-time editor Hal Scharlatt died and the book was taken over by Jack Macrae, the publisher of Dutton. Sheehy was awarded a fellowship by the Alicia Patterson Foundation to allow her to finish the book. Sheehy's editor was concerned that the title would make readers think that it meant "excerpts," but Sheehy was confident they would understand the title once they read the book. Passages was published in 1976. Sales spread through word-of-mouth when it landed on the New York Times Best Seller List where it would remain for three years.  During this time period, Sheehy, as both writer of "New York Magazine" and Felker's partner, was a front-row witness to Rupert Murdoch's hostile takeover of Clay Felker's "New York Magazine". Felker was forced out of the magazine. Felker purchased "Esquire Magazine" in 1978 and Sheehy wrote for the magazine including publishing a profile and interview of Anwar Sadat.  In 1977, Sheehy became an associate of the Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press (WIFP). WIFP is an American nonprofit publishing organization. The organization works to increase communication between women and connect the public with forms of women-based media.  Sheehy began work on her next book, "Pathfinders", in 1978. The book examined the lives of those who had led lives that many would considered to have lead been full lives, and attained a sense of well-being. In developing the book, Sheehy worked with social psychologists at New York University to develop a Life History questionnaire which was given to many people including, "corporate chiefs, congressmen, men & women lawyer, etc." The questionnaire was also published in "Redbook" and "Esquire" magazines. Sheehy then conducted hundreds of phone interviews for the book where she identified that those who attained well-being have a willingness to take risks and have experienced one or more important transitions in their adult years, which they handled in an unusual, personal or creative way.

1980s.

Sheehy begins her work with Cambodian refugees in the early 1980s. Sheehy was invited by First Lady Rosalynn Carter to participate with other prominent Americans in a Cambodia Crisis Center. While visiting Thailand in 1981, Felker pointed out a story about a camp of Cambodian orphans which prompted Sheehy to visit the camp. It was at this camp that Sheehy met and later adopted her second daughter, Mohm. Sheehy also worked with Catherine O'Neill to publicize the plight of refugees through the Women's Refugee Commission. Sheehy and Mohm chronicled their journey in the 1986 book, "Spirit of Survival".  Vanity Fair's editor, Tina Brown, invited Sheehy to write political profiles beginning in 1984. Her first profile was of U.S. presidential candidate Gary Hart. Sheehy followed this with other presidential candidates including George H. W. Bush, Al Gore, Bob Dole and Jesse Jackson. These profiles also served as the basis for her 1988 book, "Character: America's Search for Leadership".  Sheehy helped organize the Sag Harbor Initiative with William Pickens, Pat Pickens, and Walter Isaacson among others in 1987. The initiative was initially a three-day event put on by "liberal intellectuals and concerned citizens" who wanted Americans across the country to hold town meetings to discuss urgent social issues. Isaacson went on to be President and CEO of Aspen Ideas Festival.

1990s.

During the 1990s, Gail Sheehy published five books including "Gorbachev: The Making of the Man Who Changed the World" (1990), "The Silent Passage" (1992), "New Passages" (1995), "Understanding Men's Passages" (1998), and "Hillary's Choice" (1999).  In 1989, Tina Brown asked Sheehy to expand her character profiles for "Vanity Fair" to include international figures. Sheehy researched and interviewed both Margaret Thatcher and Mikhail Gorbachev. Her article on Thatcher was published as "The Blooming of Margaret Thatcher" in 1989. Her profile of Gorbachev made the February 1990 "Vanity Fair" cover as "Red Star: The Man Who Changed the World". Sheehy expanded her research on Gorbachev, and published the book "The Man Who Changed the World: The Lives of Mikhail S. Gorbachev" just as he won the Nobel Peace Prize and a few short months before he was overthrown. Charmed by the relationship between Gorbachev and Thatcher, Sheehy also wrote a play based on a fantasy romance called "Maggie and Misha". The play was produced as a two-week workshop production off-Broadway.  Sheehy published the book "The Silent Passage" about menopause in 1992. Sheehy noticed that no one was talking about menopause and she, herself, was beginning to experience it. After a June 1992 appearance on "The Oprah Winfrey Show", the book went back for a number of reprints and eventually hit the #1 spot on the "New York Times" bestseller list. Sheehy received a million-dollar advance from Simon & Schuster for the paperback rights.  Sheehy and her husband Clay Felker moved to the Bay Area of California in 1994 where Felker taught and founded the Felker Magazine Center at the University of California, Berkeley.  Sheehy profiled Hillary Clinton a total of three times for the pages of "Vanity Fair" in the nineties beginning with her time as First Lady and through her run for the New York Senate. The articles and work culminated in the publication of the biography, "Hillary's Choice".

2000s.

Despite caring for her long-time husband and partner, Clay Felker, as he battled cancer, Gail Sheehy continued to write and publish through the 21st century. In 2006, Sheehy published "Sex and the Seasoned Woman" in which she interviewed "over 400 women from the ages of 23 through 98." She published an article with "Parade" magazine, "Who Cares for the Caregiver?" After Felker's death in 2008, Sheehy was named AARP's Caregiving Ambassador in 2008 and began working with the AARP on a series of articles, interviews of caregivers through video, and blog posts. Sheehy eventually wrote a book on the subject of caregiving, "Passages in Caregiving: Turning Chaos into Confidence" which published in 2010. She also wrote a play, "Chasing the Tiger", about her relationship with Felker.  Sheehy published her own memoir in 2014, "Daring: My Passages".

Personal life.

In 1960 Sheehy married Albert Francis Sheehy, a medical student at the University of Rochester. They had one daughter, Maura, and divorced in 1968. In 1984 Sheehy married editor Clay Felker, with whom she adopted a Cambodian child, Mohm. Felker died in 2008. Sheehy currently lives in New York City.

Selected articles.

1969: "Speed City: The Explosion of Amphetamines", "New York" magazine.

Sheehy wrote the cover story for "New York" magazine about the growing problem of amphetamine use among young people in East Village. The article arose out of Sheehy's own experience—her sister had become addicted to the drug. The cover for the story was created by Milton Glaser of a snake writhing out of a drug capsule.

1971: "Redpants and Sugarman", "New York" magazine.

Sheehy gained notoriety in 1971 after "New York" magazine published a series she wrote about prostitution called "Wide Open City". Part 2 is called "Redpants and Sugarman". Sheehy told "The Washington Post" that she had created a "composite character" for "Redpants" in order to trace the full life cycle of a streetwalker, but the explanation was edited out of the story.

1989: "The Blooming of Margaret Thatcher", "Vanity Fair".

Published in June 1989: President Mitterrand says Britain's prime minister "has eyes like Caligula and the mouth of Marilyn Monroe." She also has the nerves of a five-star general and increasingly, the sexual charisma of a woman in her prime. She manipulates her court of bedazzled male advisors with the skill of Elizabeth I. And as she completes her unparalleled tenth year in office, the most powerful woman in the world has vanquished the opposition, gagged the media, and booted out the critics in her own party. So who is there left to tell her when she goes too far?

1992: "What Hillary Wants", "Vanity Fair".

Sheehy's 1992 article on Hillary Clinton created a stir by quoting her mentioning rumors of an affair between President George H. W. Bush and a woman named "Jennifer". Sheehy reported that Clinton complained that the media had made much about Gennifer Flowers' affair with Bill Clinton but did not look into the Bush transgression. Clinton considered that portion of the interview off the record, but Sheehy disagreed, and independently confirmed the "private conversation" Hillary had described by interviewing Hillary's confidante, "Atlanta Journal & Constitution" owner Anne Cox Chambers, who repeated the conversation word for word.  Fact checkers for "Vanity Fair" alerted editor Tina Brown to a potential problem, based on their review of the transcript of the interview, but Brown declined to remove the quote. The interview received wide coverage in the press.

1995: "The Inner Quest of Newt Gingrich", "Vanity Fair".

Sheehy learned the back story of Gingrich's life from his mother, who revealed that she was a lifelong manic-depressive. Kit Gingrich's first husband abandoned young Newt to a stepfather in exchange for forgiveness of a few months of child-support payments. "Isn't it awful, a man willing to sell off his own son?" Kit Gingrich told Sheehy. Speaker of the House Gingrich told Sheehy that both his fathers were totalitarian and modeled "a very male kind of toughness". He did not blink when Sheehy asked him if he thought he had a genetic predisposition to bipolar disorder. He said he did not know, then applauded the special powers of leaders who are thought to have been bipolar. "Churchill had what he called his 'black dog'. Lincoln had long periods of depression." He speculated that leaders who are able to think on several levels at once may have a different biochemical makeup. "You have to have a genetic toughness just to take the beating" he told Sheehy. Her article also revealed that his wife at the time, Marianne Gingrich, did not want him to become president and threatened to make a revelation that would torpedo his 1995 presidential campaign.

2000: "The Accidental Candidate: George W. Bush", "Vanity Fair".

Sheehy found a possible source of the malapropisms for which Governor Bush was mocked: a history of dyslexia in the Bush family. Diagnostic experts told her that "The errors you've heard Governor Bush make are consistent with dyslexia," and that "a language-disordered person cannot take in a lot of information at once." Sheehy predicted that if Bush became President, "he would have to develop a work-style where others pre-organized and pre-digested information for him." Karl Rove and Dick Cheney, she suggested, organized much of the candidate's speeches and decisions.

2008: "Hillaryland at War", "Vanity Fair".

Published June 30, 2008: Hillary Clinton's campaign had it all: near-death moments, hard-won triumphs, dysfunctional relationships—and a staff consumed with infighting over how to sell their candidate. It was a battle that revealed why she came so close to victory, as well as why she did not make it.

Professional affiliations.

In 2009 Sheehy was named AARP's Caregiver Ambassador. In 2011 she became a Chairwoman for the National Osteoporosis Foundation's Generations of Strength campaign.

Television and other media appearances.

Sheehy has been a frequent guest on NBC's "The Today Show", MSNBC's "Hardball" and "What Now?" with Andrea Mitchell, ABC's "World News Tonight" with Diane Sawyer, "Good Morning America", "Oprah", "CBS Sunday Morning", CNN, "Larry King Live", Fox News, "The O'Reilly Factor", and documentaries such as PBS's ""American Experience": Clinton".  In July 2015, Sheehy appeared for an interview on "Huffpost Live" to discuss her 2014 work, "Daring".

Plagiarism lawsuit.

Her book "Passages" was a national bestseller. In 1975 Roger Gould, then a psychiatrist at the University of California at Los Angeles, brought a suit, which was settled out of court, against Sheehy intended to enjoin publication of her book, which had not yet been completed. Sheehy ended up giving Dr. Gould ten percent of the royalties for the book.

Awards and recognition.

A Library of Congress survey named "Passages" one of the 10 most-influential books of our time.

Bibliography.

Non-fiction  Novels

Gail Sheehy (born Gail Henion on November 27, 1937) is an American author, journalist, and lecturer. She is the author of seventeen books and numerous high-profile articles for magazines such as "New York" and "Vanity Fair". Sheehy played a part in the movement Tom Wolfe called the New Journalism, sometimes known as creative nonfiction, in which journalists and essayists experimented with adopting a variety of literary techniques such as scene setting, dialogue, status details to denote social class, and getting inside the story and sometimes reporting the thoughts of a central character.

Gail Sheehy (née le ) est une écrivain, journaliste et conférencière américaine. Elle a écrit le livre "Passages". Sheehy a écrit des biographies et des études de caractères des principaux dirigeants du, dont Hillary Clinton, les présidents américains George H. W. Bush(père) et George W. Bush (fils), la Première ministre britannique Margaret Thatcher, le président égyptien Anwar Sadat et le dernier dirigeant de l'URSS Mikhail Gorbachev.


Background.

Frank Martin.

Frank Martin is the protagonist of the films and television series. He initially serves as a reluctant hero. He is portrayed as a former Special Forces operative who was a team leader of a search and destroy unit. His military background includes operations "in and out of" Lebanon, Syria and Sudan. He retires from this after becoming fatigued and disenchanted with his superior officers. In simple terms, he got tired of seeing his best efforts turned to nothing by the same people paying him to do the job. So he puts his skills to action as a private driver for hire.

Films.

"The Transporter" (2002).

Frank Martin (Jason Statham) is a highly-skilled driver known only as "The Transporter." He will transport anything, no questions asked, always on time, and he is known as the best in the business. He strictly follows three rules when transporting: Rule Number 1: "Once the deal is made, it is final", Rule Number 2: "No names", and Rule Number 3: "Never open the package." Frank inadvertently breaks his own rule, opens the package and finds a bound and gagged woman.

"Transporter 2" (2005).

Frank is working as the driver/chauffeur for a wealthy family, in the United States. Martin bonds with their young son, whom he drives to school every day. When the boy is kidnapped, Frank must again take action in order to protect his young "package" and his family. Eventually, Martin unravels a scheme involving biological weapons and the nefarious Gianni Chellini. Martin is forced to remove a bomb from the bottom of his car by executing an aerial corkscrew manoeuver underneath a crane. The crane catches the bomb and Martin escapes unharmed. Frank debuts the Audi A8 W12 in this film.  Inspector Tarconi plays an even more prominent role in this film. It is established that he and Frank are now friends, and Tarconi goes as far as to lie to the police to cover for Frank. His cooking prowess is established as well.

"Transporter 3" (2008).

Frank has been pressured into transporting Valentina (Natalya Rudakova) the kidnapped daughter of Leonid Vasilev (Jeroen Krabbé), the head of the Environmental Protection Agency for Ukraine, from Marseille through Stuttgart and Budapest until he ends up in Odessa on the Black Sea. Along the way, with the help of Inspector Tarconi (François Berléand), Frank has to contend with the people who strong armed him to take the job, agents sent by Vasilev to intercept him, and the general non-cooperation of his passenger, who he realises is the package midway through the film. Despite Valentina's cynical disposition and Frank's resistance to get involved, Frank and Valentina fall for each other, while escaping from one life-threatening situation after another. Martin again drives an armoured Audi A8 W12 in the film, as well as a BMX bicycle.

"The Transporter Refueled" (2015).

In May 2013, at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival, a new reboot trilogy was announced with EuropaCorp and China's Fundamental Films co-producing and distributing the titles. The films will likely be budgeted between $30 million to $40 million each and at least one will be shot in China. Luc Besson will co-finance, distribute, produce and write all the films. English actor Ed Skrein replaced Jason Statham as Frank Martin on the fourth installment of the series. The fourth film, "The Transporter Refueled", was released in the United States on 4 September 2015 with Camille Delamarre directing.

Other films.

In an interview with IGN, Louis Leterrier confirmed Jason Statham's cameo appearance in "Collateral", providing a briefcase to Vincent (Tom Cruise), as having been a reprisal of Frank Martin.

Future.

"The Hollywood Reporter" report that EuropaCorp and Fundamental Films will co-finance, produce and distribute the next three future installments in the "Transporter" franchise. The projects will be budgeted from $30 million to $40 million; at least one of the films will likely shoot in China.

Television.

"Transporter: The Series" (2012–2014).

"Transporter: The Series" is a television series based on the Transporter films which premiered in 2012 on 11 October in Germany on RTL, and on 6 December in France on M6. Chris Vance took over the role of Frank from Jason Statham and was joined by Hungarian actress Andrea Osvárt, who played Carla, the leading female role in the series, starring as a former Intelligence agent who organises his missions, and French actor François Berléand, the only returning actor from the film series, who reprised his role as Inspector Tarconi. The show was initially supposed to premiere on the cable network Cinemax but Cinemax pulled out due to production problems. TNT picked up the show and aired the 12-episode first season on the TNT network. TNT also ordered a 12-episode second season which aired in the autumn of 2014.

Transporter (French: Le Transporteur) is an English-language French action-thriller film franchise, comprising four films released between 2002 and 2015, and a television series. Jason Statham plays Frank Martin in the first three movies, a professional freelance courier driver for hire. Statham himself is an accomplished martial artist, allowing him to do all the combat scenes involving Frank Martin himself. This permits the films' signature Hong Kong-style fight scenes, choreographed by Corey Yuen. Chris Vance portrays Frank Martin in the and Ed Skrein portrays Frank Martin in the fourth film, a reboot.

Le Transporteur ("The Transporter" à l'international) est une série de films d'action français, composée pour l'instant de quatre films. Il existe également une série télévisée.


Early life.

Donahue was born January 12, 1989 to Christopher and Connie Donahue in Dallas, Texas. As a young child, her family moved to Lenoir City, Tennessee, where she grew up. She has three siblings (Audrey, Zack, and Dean), and graduated from Lenoir City High School. In high school, she was a four-year letterwinner in swimming, a three-year letterwinner in track and field, and a two-year letterwinner in cross country running.

Swimming career.

After high school, she attended Western Kentucky University. In her first year, she broke the school record in the 100- and 200-yard butterfly. She was a letterwinner all four years of her college career, setting five school records in the process. As a senior, she was named "2011 WKU Student Athlete of the Year." Donahue graduated from WKU with a BS in social work in May 2011.  Donahue qualified for the 2008 Olympic Trials in the 100-meter and 200-meter butterfly, but did not advance out of the opening round in either event. In 2010, Donahue finished fourth in the 100-yard butterfly at the NCAA Championships. In 2011, she finished second at the Championships in the same event. She went to the 2011 Pan American Games where she won the gold in the 100-meter butterfly and as part of the 4×100-meter medley relay. At the 2011 National Championships, she took second place in 100-meter butterfly and 11th in the 200-meter butterfly.  At the 2012 Olympic Trials in Omaha, Nebraska, the U.S. qualifying event for the Olympics, Donahue turned in a new personal best in the 100-meter butterfly finals clocking a time of 57.57. Her time was significantly slower than Dana Vollmer who won the event with a time of 56.50, but was good enough for second place, qualifying her for the Olympics. "It feels unbelievable to make it to the 2012 Olympics," she remarked. "When I finished and saw that I was second, I did not even know what to think. At first I didn't believe it." She also competed in the 200-meter butterfly, where she failed to advance past the opening round.  At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, she turned in a personal best time of 57.42 seconds during the semi-finals of the 100-meter butterfly and advanced to the finals. In the finals, she swam the race in 57.48 en route to a seventh-place finish. "My goal was actually just to get in the finals, and once I got that it was just kind of icing on the cake being able to compete in the finals", she remarked. "So I'm thrilled. I'm so happy with how I've done." Later at the games, she swam the butterfly leg of the 4×100-meter medley relay for the U.S. team during the preliminary heats. Her teammates won the relay final, earning Donahue a gold medal.  Donahue is coached by WKU swimming head coach Bruce Marchionda. Donahue also trains temporarily at South Florida Aquatic Club.

Athlete Development Program.

Claire Donahue created her Athlete Development program in 2018. Services offered by the program include Online Classes, Swim Lessons, Public Speaking, and Swim Clinics. She created this program to help athletes that need help with the mental aspects of the sport and also to bring awareness to mental health in sports.

Claire Christine Donahue (born January 12, 1989) is an American competition swimmer. She won two gold medals at the 2011 Pan American Games and finished second at the 2011 National Championships in the 100-meter butterfly. She earned a gold medal for swimming in the preliminary heats of the 4×100-meter medley relay at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

Claire Donahue née le à Dallas (Texas) est une nageuse américaine. Elle est médaillée d'or aux Jeux olympiques de 2012 avec le relais 4 x 100m en ayant participé aux series.


Discovery and naming.

Manwë was discovered on 25 August 2003 by M. W. Buie at Cerro Tololo as a part of the Deep Ecliptic Survey. The object was named after Manwë, the fictional king of the Valar in J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium. Manwë is foremost among the great spirits who rule the world. Manwë takes special responsibility for the air and winds. Thorondor is the Lord of Eagles in the First Age in Tolkien's writing.

Physical properties.

Manwë has significant and irregular photometric variability, demonstrating that its components are not tidally locked. The surfaces of Manwë and Thorondor appear to be very red. The composition of Manwë is unknown but likely to be mostly ice, because the nominal density (with large uncertainty) is less than that of water. At least one other Kuiper belt object,, has been found with a density of less than 1 g/cm, which implies an object made mostly of ice with a low rock fraction and high porosity.

Orbit.

Manwë orbits the Sun at an average distance of about, taking 289 years to complete a full orbit. Manwë has a low orbital inclination of 2.6 degrees. Its orbit is elongated, with an orbital eccentricity of 0.11. Due to its eccentric orbit, Manwë's distance from the Sun varies over the course of its orbit, approaching 38.9 AU at perihelion and 48.6 AU at aphelion.

Satellite.

Physical characteristics.

Being part of a binary system, Manwë has one known companion named Thorondor, formally designated (385446) Manwë I Thorondor. It is estimated to be about two-thirds the size of the primary, approximately for a volume equivalent diameter. The rotation period of Thorondor is uncertain, though a best-fit model suggests a very slow rotation period of 309.3 days. Thorondor's rotation is expected to be chaotic like Pluto's smaller moons, as a result of gravitational torquing by Manwë over the course of their eccentric mutual orbit. Thorondor's light curve has considerable photometric variability, with the relative magnitude of the two objects measured variously from 0.6–2.1 over the course of a few years. This implies that Thorondor could have a very flattened shape, akin to the larger lobe of the contact binary Kuiper belt object 486958 Arrokoth. Assuming a ellipsoid shape for Thorondor, a best-fit model for its shape suggests the aspect ratios of "a"/"c" = 7.33 and "b"/"c" = 6.67.

Orbit.

The satellite's orbit has the following parameters: semi-major-axis, ; period, ; eccentricity, ; and inclination, The total system mass is about 1.94 kg.

Mutual events.

Manwë and Thorondor were expected to go through a period of mutual occultations and transits from 2014–2018, where one object crosses in front of the other as seen from Earth. Pluto and Charon went through a similar series of mutual events from 1985–1990. Observations of these events could allow for better estimates of the radii of the two objects and their densities, as well as possibly determining their shapes and mapping surface color and albedo features. The first event, an inferior occultation, is predicted for 2014 July 16, and they continue until 2018 October 25.  The actual observations revealed none of the four predicted occultations, likely due error measuring orbital period of Thorondor, although photometry data gathered during observation campaign have allowed to determine Manwë is highly bilobate contact binary, likely surrounded by rapidly orbiting moonlets besides Thorondor.

385446 Manwë is a binary resonant Kuiper belt object in a 4:7 mean-motion resonance with Neptune. It was discovered on 25 August 2003, by American astronomer Marc Buie at Cerro Tololo Observatory in northern Chile. A study of Manwë's light curve in 2019 suggests that it may be a contact binary object.

(385446) Manwë est un objet transneptunien découvert le par Marc W. Buie au Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory. Sa désignation provisoire était.


Young Life.

He spent his early years growing up in Jaffa, Palestine and Acre, Palestine before attending American University in Beirut, where he graduated with a B.A. in Philosophy. He then traveled to study at the University of Chicago, where he completed an M.A. in Philosophy in 1949. Politically active from a young age, Sharabi then returned to serve as editor of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party’s monthly magazine "al-Jil al-Jadid" ("The New Generation"). Forced to flee to Jordan after the parties disbanding in 1949, Sharabi returned to the United States where he completed a Ph.D. in the history of culture, again at the University at Chicago. That same year, he began to teach at Georgetown University, where he gained full professorship in eleven years.

Controversy.

Dr. Sharabi, while an ardent supporter of Palestinian rights, was not beyond criticizing the Palestinian governing bodies. According to a story in the "Washington Post", "In 1999, after PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat ordered the arrests of 11 Palestinian academics who had accused his administration of 'tyranny and corruption,' Dr. Sharabi, along with Edward Said of Columbia University, signed a letter calling the arrests 'a totally unjustifiable attack on the freedom of expression.'" Nine of the lawmakers were immune from arrest, but two later accused the Palestinian police of attacking them.[5]

Legacy.

He worked tirelessly to promote understanding of the Arab culture, establishing in 1973, along with several other colleagues, the Georgetown Center for Contemporary Arab Studies. In 1977, Georgetown University “awarded Dr. Sharabi the Umar Al-Mukhtar Chair in Arab Culture in recognition of his distinguished intellectual contributions and his efforts to promote Arab studies.[2]” Dr. Sharabi formed, later that same year, the Jerusalem Fund for Education and Community Development, an organization that worked on educational, cultural and health issues of Palestinians. He served as Chairman of Board until his death in 2005. In 1991, he formed what is now known as the Palestine Center, which serves as a think tank educating the general public on Palestinian Political Issues.

Publications.

Author of 18 books and numerous articles and editorials, he is well respected as a foremost 20th-century Arab intellectual, contributing greatly to the study of Arabic culture[3]. Dr. Sharabi also published several books himself on Arabic culture and philosophy. "In honor of his work in both the European and Arab fields, the Department of history at Georgetown convened an international two-day symposium in 2002 titled ‘The Role of the Intellectual in Contemporary Political Life.’ Also named in his honor is the annual Hisham Sharabi graduate essay contest, begun by the Department's graduate students upon Dr. Sharabi's retirement in 1998[2]."

Hisham Sharabi () (1927 Jaffa, Palestine – 2005 Beirut, Lebanon) was Professor Emeritus of History and Umar al-Mukhtar Chair of Arab Culture at Georgetown University, where he was a specialist in European intellectual history and social thought. He died of cancer at the American University of Beirut hospital on January 13, 2005.

Hisham Sharabi, né en 1927 à Jaffa en Palestine, est décédé le à Beyrouth. Diplômé de l’Université américaine de Beyrouth et de l’Université de Chicago, spécialiste d'histoire intellectuelle de l'Europe et de la pensée sociale à l'Université de Georgetown, il a été un militant très actif en même temps qu’un chercheur et un auteur prolifique.


Biography.

Indigenous activist.

Born in the small Innu village of Ekuanitshit, Mestokosho spent a great part of her childhood wandering the forest with her parents, who were hunter-gatherers. After her high school in Quebec City and then in Montreal, Rita Mestokosho began studying political science at the University of Quebec in Chicoutimi. Returning to her native community, she has participated for several years in the creation of an ""Innu mitshuap uteitun"", a house of Innu culture, where she still works as a coordinator.  Rita Mestokosho is an indigenous activist who fights for the recognition of the Innu-aimun language and the development of the culture and heritage of the Innu Nation. She is a member of her local Innu Council and a spokesperson for her community. She fought against the project for the construction of a Hydroelectricity dam on the Roman river"."  Her poetry and activism are deeply interlinked. Michele Lacombe has argued that Mestokosho has not chosen poetry but that she thinks it is "more useful than political speeches for defending environmental causes closely allied to Innu people's traditional homelands". In the Oxford Handbook of Indigenous American Literature, Sarah Henzi argues that Mestokosho's work uses poetry to "take control".

Writer and poet.

Rita Mestokosho has published poems in several international journals and regularly participates in meetings of writers of the native language, at international festivals of literature and poetry and at book fairs.  In 1995, she published her first poetry book, "Eshi Uapataman Nukum". In 2010, Swedish publishing company Beijbom Books re-published this work in Innu, French and Swedish. She was quoted in a speech by J.M.G. Le Clézio before his Nobel prize acceptance on universal literature. Christophe Premat show how the issue of survivance is important in Mestokosho's work and how it relates to resilience by comparing her work with the one of Naomi Fontaine.  Another feature of Mestokosho's poetry is her use of bilingual editions. Nicolas Beauclair has analyzed her writings and describes her poetry as an "epistemic mobilization" using another language to decolonizing borders. She is also the first person writing in Innu and French according to The Routledge Companion to Transnational American Studies.  Her latest book, "Née de la pluie et de la terre", was published in September 2014.

Rita Mestokosho, born 1966 in Ekuanitshit (Mingan) (innu reserve in Québec, in the Côte-Nord region), is an indigenous writer and poet, councillor for culture and education in the Innu nation.

Rita Mestokosho, née en 1966 à Ekuanitshit (Mingan) (communauté autochtone innuee située au Québec, dans la région de la Côte-Nord), est une écrivaine et poète autochtone, conseillère dans les domaines de la culture et de l’éducation au Conseil de la Nation Innus.


Opposing fleets.

The Ottoman fleet consisted of 100 galleys which had been sent to the Western Mediterranean when Henry II entered in conflict with Charles V in the Italian War of 1551-59. The fleet was accompanied by three French galleys under the French ambassador Gabriel de Luetz d'Aramon, who accompanied the Ottomans from Istambul in their raids along the coast of Calabria in Southern Italy, capturing the city of Reggio.  The Genoese fleet consisted of 40 galleys under the command of Andrea Doria. Twenty of the galleys in the Genoese fleet belonged personally to Doria, six to an Antonio Doria and two to the House of Grimaldi of Monaco.

Battle.

The battle between the fleets took place on 5 August 1552 between the islands of Ponza and Terracina on the Italian mainland. The Ottomans captured seven of the Geonoese galleys which were full of troops.

Aftermath.

After the battle, the Franco-Ottoman fleet entered Majorca on 13 August 1552. The Ottomans resisted pressure from the French to send their fleet further west, perhaps for personal reasons of the commander or due to the continuing war with Persia. The victory gave the Ottomans better facility to attack Sicily, Sardinia and the coasts of Italy for the next three years. After the battle, the Ottoman fleet wintered in Chios, where it was joined by the French fleet of Baron de la Garde, ready for major naval operations the following year, including the, later failed, Invasion of Corsica in 1553. In 1560 the nephew of Doria, Giovanni Andrea Doria, led another attempt to thwart Dragut at the Battle of Djerba in but was defeated and Dragut continued his raiding of the Northern Mediterranean shores until his death five years later.

The Battle of Ponza (1552) was a naval battle that occurred near the Italian island of Ponza. The battle was fought between a Franco-Ottoman fleet under Dragut and a Genoese fleet commanded by Andrea Doria. The Genoese were defeated and lost seven galleys captured. The battle made it easier for the Ottoman fleet to raid the coasts of Sicily, Sardinia and Italy for the next three years.

La bataille de Ponza est une bataille navale livrée près de l'île italienne de Ponza le. Elle oppose une flotte franco-ottomane commandée par Dragut à une flotte génoise commandée par Andrea Doria. Les Génois sont vaincus et doivent déplorer la perte de 7 galères. Cette victoire facilite le pillage par la flotte ottomane des côtes de Sicile, de Sardaigne et d'Italie lors des trois années suivantes.


La Nuit au musée : Le Secret des Pharaons

Plot.

In 1938 Egypt, a team of archaeologists discover the tomb of pharaoh Ahkmenrah, including a young Cecil Fredericks, finding the magical Golden Tablet of Ahkmenrah. The locals warn the group that removing the tablet will end its magic.  In present-day New York City, Larry Daley remains the night guard of the American Museum of Natural History. He and the other exhibits help re-open the Hayden Planetarium. A new wax Neanderthal resembling Larry named Laaa is introduced, who calls Larry Dah-Dah, identifying him as his father. Ahkmenrah shows Larry that the tablet is corroding, which later causes the exhibits to act abnormally, causing massive chaos at the planetarium's reopening. Afterwards, Larry catches his son Nick, who plans on taking a gap year to sort out his life, throwing a house party.  Larry reunites with Cecil, now in retirement, who realizes the end of the tablet's magic will cause the exhibits to become lifeless. Cecil explains that Ahkmenrah's parents, Merenkahre and Shepseheret, may be able to restore the tablet's power but that they are located in the British Museum. Larry convinces the museum's curator, Dr. McPhee, to let him ship Ahkmenrah to London to restore the tablet, convinced that McPhee knows its secrets. Larry and Nick travel to the British Museum, bypassing the night guard Tilly. To Larry's surprise, his favorite exhibits from the museum, Theodore Roosevelt, Sacagawea, Attila the Hun, Jedediah, Octavius and Dexter the capuchin monkey have come as well, and Laaa (who stowed away in the box) is left to stand guard while the others search the museum, the tablet bringing its own exhibits to life.  They are joined by a wax Sir Lancelot, who helps them fight off aggressive museum exhibits like a Xiangliu statue and a "Triceratops" skeleton. Jedediah and Octavius fall through a ventilation shaft but are rescued from an erupting Pompeii model by Dexter. The group find Ahkmenrah's parents, learning the tablet's power can be regenerated by moonlight, since it is empowered through the magic of Khonsu. Lancelot mistakes the tablet for the Holy Grail and steals it, leaving to find Camelot. Larry and Laaa are locked in the employee break room by Tilly, but they escape, and Laaa remains behind to distract Tilly, during which they become attracted to each other.  Lancelot crashes a performance of the musical "Camelot", starring Hugh Jackman and Alice Eve as King Arthur and Queen Guinevere, but Larry and the others chase him to the theatre roof, where the New York exhibits begin to die. Lancelot then sees that the quest was about them and gives the tablet back. The moonlight restores the tablet's power, saving the exhibits. They decide that Ahkmenrah and the tablet should stay with his parents, even if it means the New York exhibits will no longer come to life. Back in New York, Larry says goodbye to everyone, including Roosevelt. The two say their final goodbyes with Teddy making Larry jump. Teddy says, "Smile, my boy; it's sunrise," before he freezes and Larry slowly and sadly leaves the museum, before meeting up with his son, outside. Three years later, Larry, having taken the blame for the planetarium incident, thus giving McPhee his job back, now works as a school teacher, and a traveling British Museum exhibit comes to New York. Tilly becomes the new night guard, and gives the tablet to Dr. McPhee, showing him its power and allowing the exhibits to awaken again, throw a huge party to celebrate Ahkmenrah's reunion and reunite with their old and new friends. Outside, Larry quietly watches them party inside before leaving.

Production.

On January 21, 2010, co-writer Thomas Lennon said to "Access Hollywood", "I think it's a really outstanding idea to do "Night at the Museum 3", in fact. I wonder if someone's not even already working on a script for that. I cannot confirm that for a fact, but I cannot deny it for a fact either... It might be in the works." In an October 2011 interview with "The Hollywood Reporter", Stiller confirmed the sequel, however, he said that it was only in the "ideas stage". In February 2013 it was announced that the film, directed by Shawn Levy, would be released on December 25, 2014. On September 10, 2013, it was announced that shooting would start in February 2014.  On November 8, 2013, actor Dan Stevens was cast as Lancelot. On November 15, 2013, it was announced that Skyler Gisondo would be replacing Jake Cherry in the role of Nicky Daley. On December 18, 2013, it was announced that Stiller, Robin Williams, and Ricky Gervais would be returning for the sequel. On January 9, 2014, it was announced that Rebel Wilson would play a security guard in the British Museum. On January 14, 2014, the film's release date was moved up from December 25, 2014, to December 19, 2014. On January 23, 2014, it was announced Ben Kingsley would play an Egyptian Pharaoh at the British Museum. Principal photography and production began on January 27, 2014. On May 6, 2014, it was announced that the film would be titled "Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb". In May 2014, principal photography ended. Shooting took place outside the British Museum in London, England, as well as on a sound stage at the Vancouver Film Studios in Vancouver, British Columbia for scenes taking place inside the museum.

Music.

Alan Silvestri returned to score the final installment of the trilogy.

Track listing.

Varèse Sarabande released a soundtrack album of the score on January 6, 2015.  Soundtrack

Release.

The film premiered at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City on December 11, 2014. It was then released on December 19, 2014 in the United States.

Reception.

Box office.

"Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb" grossed $113.7 million in North America, and $249.5 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $363.2 million against a budget of $127 million.  In North America, early analysts were predicting a potential $25–$28 million opening. In North America, the film was released on December 19, 2014 across 3,785 theaters. It opened Friday, December 19, 2014 and earned $5.6 million on its opening day, placing at number three at the box office. The film underperformed expectations during its opening weekend, earning $17.1 million, which was relatively lower than the openings of the original film ($30.4 million) and its sequel ($54.1 million). The film debuted at number two at the box office behind "". According to 20th Century Fox, the movie's audience was 51% male, with 54% of the audience under the age of 25. In CinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend, cinema audiences gave the film an average grade of "B+", on an A+ to F scale.  The film began its international rollout the same weekend as the North American premiere and earned $10.4 million from 27 markets in its opening weekend, debuting at #3 behind at the box office behind "The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies" and "Penguins of Madagascar". The film expanded to an additional 40 markets in its second week and grossed $31.2 million. It topped the box office outside North America in its fourth weekend with a total gross of $46.2 million, primarily because of China, where it opened at #1 with $26 million. The other highest opening figures were from Mexico ($5.85 million), Brazil ($3.1 million), Malaysia ($3.07 million), the UK ($3 million), Australia ($2.8 million), Germany ($2.1 million) and Singapore ($2 million).  For the weekend of January 16, 2015, the film grossed $17.8 million, which includes a $3.9 million debut in South Korea.

Critical response.

On Rotten Tomatoes, the film received a 47% approval rating, based on 104 reviews, with an average score of 5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "While not without its moments, "Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb" is a less-than-inspired sendoff for the trilogy." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 47 out of 100, based on 33 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". In CinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend, cinema audiences gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.  Scott Foundas of "Variety" gave the film a positive review, praising the visual effects and calling the production values "topnotch", and admiring Guillermo Navarro's work. He added, "A most enjoyable capper to director Shawn Levy and producer Chris Columbus' cheerfully silly and sneakily smart family-entertainment juggernaut... offers little in the way of secrets of surprises, but should add much holiday cheer to Fox's box-office coffers." Peter Bradshaw of "The Guardian" gave the film three stars out of five and said, "The third part in what absolutely no one is calling the "Night at the Museum" 'trilogy' turns out to be a good-natured and entertainingly surreal panto fantasy." Glenn Kenny awarded the film 21⁄2 stars out of 4 praising the "Indiana Jones" themed-set while criticizing the performances of the cast and said, "As talent-packed as any "Night at the Museum" picture may be—in this third installment... —one doesn't come to a movie of this sort expecting anybody's best work. Or at least one certainly shouldn't, because it won't materialize." Stephanie Zacharek of "The Village Voice" gave the film a positive review, saying "The third installment, "Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb" may be the best, and even the generally wound-too-tight Ben Stiller – once again playing a bemused Museum of Natural History guard – is easy to tolerate." Claudia Puig of "USA Today" gave the film two and a half stars out of four, saying "Where the previous films felt frenetic and forced, this outing feels breezier, more enjoyable and less contrived." Joe Neumaier of the "New York Daily News" gave the film three out of five stars, saying "There's a serenity to museum visits, especially if it's a place you know and love. "Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb", amazingly, recaptures that feeling in big-studio franchise form."  Bill Goodykoontz of "The Arizona Republic" gave the film two out of five stars, saying ""Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb" is a rather lackluster affair, a cash grab that tries to aim a little higher but confuses sappy shortcuts with real emotion." Joe McGovern of "Entertainment Weekly" gave the film a B, saying "It's kind of fun, unembarrassingly, and not least of all because the people who made it look like they had a good time doing so." Tom Long of "The Detroit News" gave the film a B, saying "There are some key elements that make this "Night at the Museum" sequel work better than its predecessor." Stephen Whitty of the "Newark Star-Ledger" gave the film two out of four stars, saying "The exhibits in this "Night at the Museum" may still come to life nightly. But their latest movie stays stubbornly inert." Tom Russo of "The Boston Globe" gave the film two and a half stars out of four, saying "Seeing Ben Stiller, the late Robin Williams, and their magically roused gang together again, this time in London, is initially all about indulgent, nostalgic smiles rather than new wows. But then comes the movie's exceptionally clever and fresh final act, which delivers genuine surprise along with many laughs." Robbie Collin of "The Daily Telegraph" gave the film three out of five stars, saying "The third "Night at the Museum" film starts strongly, with its heart in the past... It's an exciting opening, and perhaps too exciting for the film's own good. It's hard not to be disappointed when the plot moves back to the present and settles into the time-honoured formula of digitised creatures running riot and famous people in fancy dress doing shtick." Michael Rechtshaffen of "The Hollywood Reporter" gave the film a negative review, saying "Despite relocating across the pond to the esteemed British Museum, the creaky "Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb" fails to capitalize on the comic potential provided by that change of venue."  Ignatiy Vishnevetsky of "The A.V. Club" gave the film a C+, saying ""Secret of the Tomb" plays it as a source of corny jokes, pop-culture references, and father-son bonding moments. In other words, it's exactly the kind of film that shouldn't be expected to engage with its assorted bizarre subtexts – but what a movie it could be if it did." Sara Stewart of the "New York Post" gave the film two out of four stars, saying "For piquing kids' interest in history and nature, you could do worse than this goofy Ben Stiller franchise. But its third installment is more meh than manic, too reliant on wide shots of the ragtag Museum of Natural History cohorts striding down corridors. You get the feeling returning director Shawn Levy is ready to hang it up." Richard Roeper of the "Chicago Sun-Times" gave the film one and a half stars out of five, saying "The dialogue is schmaltzy and often painfully unfunny. The special effects are often so 1980s-bad, one wonders if it was a deliberate choice, to make the creepy visuals of sculptures dancing and paintings moving less frightening to young viewers. Time and again, terrific actors sink in the equivalent of cinematic quicksand, helpless against the sucking sound of this movie." Drew Hunt of Slant Magazine gave the film one out of four stars, saying "None of the entries in the "Night at the Museum" series could ever pass for high art, but a wealth of comedic talent gave the first two installments a madcap energy that somewhat forgave their childish premises. "Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb", the third and supposedly final edition in the franchise, is nothing more than an uncomfortably transparent contractual obligation."

Home media.

"Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb" was released on Blu-ray and DVD on March 10, 2015. The film debuted in second place on the home media charts behind "".

Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb is a 2014 American comedy adventure film directed by Shawn Levy and written by David Guion and Michael Handelman. It is the third and final installment in the "Night at the Museum" film series, and a sequel to "". The film stars Ben Stiller, Robin Williams, Owen Wilson, Dan Stevens, and Ben Kingsley. In "Secret of the Tomb", security guard Larry Daley must travel to London to return the tablet of Ahkmenrah, an Egyptian artifact which causes the exhibits to come to life, before the magic disappears.

La Nuit au musée : Le Secret des pharaons ou Une Nuit au Musée : Le Secret du Tombeau au Québec ("") est une comédie fantastique américano-britannique produite et réalisée par Shawn Levy et sortie en 2015. Ce film est le troisième de la série "La Nuit au musée".


Pre-race.

After the Boston Marathon bombings six days before the London Marathon, organisers issued a statement announcing that the event's security—which is jointly planned with the Metropolitan Police—would be reviewed. On 16 April, Minister for Sport Hugh Robertson announced that the event would go ahead as planned, stating that he was "absolutely confident" that organisers can "keep the event safe and secure." Forty percent more police officers were deployed to manage the race than in 2012.

Race description.

The 2013 London Marathon began with a 30-second moment of silence in honour of the victims of the Boston Marathon bombings. Many runners also wore black ribbons on the encouragement of race organisers. Organisers also pledged to donate US$3 to a fund for Boston Marathon victims for every person who finished the race. The weather was ideal for racing, drawing 700,000 fans and raising the prospect of a world record time.  Through the halfway mark of the men's race, the leaders were on world record pace. At that point, Great Britain's Mo Farah withdrew from the race, as he had planned. The pace dropped off after that and Emmanuel Mutai of Kenya built a large lead. In the final kilometre of the race, Tsegaye Kebede of Ethiopia surged past Mutai to win the men's marathon with a time of two hours, six minutes and four seconds. Ayele Abshero of Ethiopia finished third. 2012 Olympic champion Stephen Kiprotich of Uganda took sixth.  At the mark, the women's elite leaders converged with men's wheelchair racers at a water station. Ethiopia's Tiki Gelana, who won the marathon at the 2012 Olympics in London, and Canadian wheelchair racer Josh Cassidy collided as she attempted to cut in front of him to get water. She returned to the race, but fell off the pace in clear pain. Priscah Jeptoo of Kenya pulled away from the lead group of three when she ran a 5-minute, 11-second 21st mile. She won the women's race with a time of two hours, 20 minutes and 15 seconds. "Today I'm very, very happy, I couldn't believe I could be the winner," Jeptoo remarked. Edna Kiplagat of Kenya and Yukiko Akaba of Japan finished second and third respectively.  In the men's wheelchair race, Kurt Fearnley of Australia won an eight-way sprint to the finish to win with a time of 1:31:29. He credited a new training regimen for his win and remarked "I realised last year that at the last if someone's got that extra bit of power up their sleeve they beat you every time." Marcel Hug of Switzerland took second and Ernst van Dyk from South Africa finished third. Pre-race favourite and six-time winner David Weir of Great Britain finished fifth. Cassidy, who dropped out of the race after the crash, had harsh words for the race organisers. "I don't know who's responsible, but every year we come to overtake the women, there's 10 chairs going at and the poor women are scrambling to find their feet," he said. "I have a brand new $2,000 pair of wheels that are damaged, who's going to pay for them? Things have to change."  American Tatyana McFadden won the women's wheelchair race with a new course record of 1:46:02. Fellow American Amanda McGrory finished second and Sandra Graf of Switzerland took third.

The 2013 London Marathon was the 33rd running of the annual marathon race in London, England, which took place on Sunday, 21 April. The men's elite race was won by Ethiopia's Tsegaye Kebede and the women's race was won by Kenyan Priscah Jeptoo. Australian Kurt Fearnley won the men's wheelchair race, while American Tatyana McFadden won the women's wheelchair race with a new course record of 1:46:02.

Le Marathon de Londres de 2013 est la du Marathon de Londres au Royaume-Uni qui a eu lieu le dimanche. C'est le troisième des World Marathon Majors à avoir lieu en 2013 après le Marathon de Tokyo et le Marathon de Boston. Le Kényan Tsegaye Kebede remporte la course masculine avec un temps de. Sa compatriote Priscah Jeptoo s'impose chez les femmes en.


History.

Charles Gerard Conn.

The company was founded by Charles Gerard Conn (b. Phelps, New York 29 January 1844; d. Los Angeles, California 5 January 1931). In 1850 he accompanied his family to Three Rivers, Michigan and in the following year to Elkhart, Indiana. Little is known about his early life, other than that he learned to play the cornet. With the outbreak of the American Civil War he enlisted in the army on 18 May 1861 at the age of seventeen, despite his parents' protests. On 14 June 1861 he became a private in Company B, 15th Regiment Indiana Infantry, and shortly afterwards was assigned to a regimental band. When his enlistment expired he returned to Elkhart, but re-enlisted on 12 December 1863 at Niles, Michigan in Company G, 1st Michigan Sharpshooters. At the age of nineteen on 8 August 1863 he was elevated to the rank of Captain. During the Assault on Petersburg on 30 July 1864, Conn was wounded and taken prisoner. In spite of two imaginative and valiant attempts to escape, he was recaptured and spent the remainder of the war in captivity. He was honorably discharged on 28 July 1865.  In 1884 Conn organized the 1st Regiment of Artillery in the Indiana Legion and became its first Colonel, a military title which stayed with him throughout the remainder of his life. He was also the first commander of the Elkhart Commandery of the Knights Templar. Colonel Conn also served as Lieutenant Colonel of the 2nd Regiment of Uniform Rank, Knights of Pythias, and was re-elected many times as Commander of the local G.A.R. post.  His home at Elkhart, the Charles Gerard Conn Mansion, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.

Founding and growth of Conn's musical instrument business.

After the war, Conn returned to Elkhart and established a grocery and baking business. He also played cornet in the local community band. Conn's entrance into the musical instrument manufacturing business was the result of a split lip. There are three existing stories of how this occurred, but the popularly accepted version is that Del Crampton slugged him in the mouth outside a saloon where both of them had been drinking. Conn's upper lip was severely lacerated, and it pained him so to play his cornet that he thought his playing days were over. In addition to running his store, Conn also made rubber stamps and re-plated silverware. He decided to try adhering rubber stamp material to the rim of a mouthpiece which he hoped would conform to his lips. After he showed his friends his idea, he realized that there was tremendous demand for his invention. Conn then began to contemplate manufacturing his new mouthpiece. He needed a rim with a groove which the rubber cement would adhere to more easily. It was in 1874 when Conn converted a discarded sewing machine frame into a simple lathe and started to turn out his mouthpieces and was soon in full production (Subsequently, Conn and Del Crampton became best of friends, and when Conn embarked on his political career, he was a staunch advocate of temperance).  Conn patented his rubber-rimmed mouthpiece in 1875 (with patents to follow through 1877) described as "an elastic face [i.e., a rubber rim] where the mouthpiece comes in contact with the lips, the object being to prevent fatigue and injury to the lips." About this time Conn met Eugene Victor Baptiste Dupont (b. Paris?May 1832; d. Washington, D.C. 26 July 1881), a brass instrument maker and designer and a former employee of Henry Distin of London. In January 1876, Conn joined with Dupont under the name of Conn & Dupont, and Dupont created Conn's first instrument, the Four-in-One cornet, with crooks allowing the horn to be played in the keys of E♭, C, B♭, and A. By 1877, Conn's business had outgrown the back of his grocery store, and he purchased an idle factory building on the corner of Elkhart Avenue and East Jackson. Conn's partnership with Dupont was dissolved by March 1879, but he was successful in attracting skilled craftsmen from Europe to his factory, and in this manner he expanded his operation so that by 1905, Conn had the world's largest musical instrument factory producing a full line of wind instruments, strings, percussion, and a portable organ. Conn partnered with Albert T. Armstrong, Joseph Jones, and Emory Foster to manufacture a twin-horn disc phonograph called the 'Double-Bell Wonder' that was produced in two iterations briefly in early 1898 before a lawsuit by the Berliner Gramophone Company caused production to cease. Brick-red 'Wonder' records were also pressed for the 'Double-Bell Wonder' talking machine by the Scranton Button Works from pirated Berliner masters. Fewer than fifty 'Double-Bell Wonders' were produced of both iterations combined.  Conn's first factory was destroyed by fire 29 January 1883 (his thirty-ninth birthday), and he erected a new building on the same site. In 1886 rumors began to circulate that Conn wanted to move his business to Massachusetts. Conn was induced to stay after the public raised a large sum of money by popular subscription and gave it to him. In 1887 Conn purchased Isaac Fiske's brass instrument manufactory (upon Fiske's retirement) in Worcester, Massachusetts. Fiske's operation was considered to be the best in its time. Conn operated it as a company subsidiary, and in this way he achieved his objectives. The company's product line now centered around the 'Wonder' cornet, but in 1885 Conn began importing French clarinets and flutes. Conn started production of the first American-made saxophone in 1888, after being shown an Adolphe Sax saxophone by his employee Ferdinand August Buescher and agreeing to produce a copy of it. That instrument belonged to E.A. Lefebre, a well known soloist with both Patrick Gilmore's and John Philip Sousa's bands. After working on prototypes with advice from Lefebre, Conn settled on production models of saxophones and started regular production around 1892. Conn's instruments were endorsed by several leading band directors, including Sousa. In 1898, upon the suggestion of Sousa, Conn developed the first commercially successful bell-up sousaphone ("the rain-catcher"). Conn phased out the Worcester operation (production was ceased in 1898), and Conn established a store in New York City (1897–1902) which a large variety of merchandise was sold under the 'Wonder' label, which included Conn-made woodwind, brass and percussion instruments, violins, mandolins and portable reed organs. The business also distributed American-made and imported guitars, banjos and zithers.  Conn's marketing included not only sales of his own instruments but promotion of brass bands. He founded the Conn Conservatory to train the brass instrument teachers who would be a vital component in the growth of the musical instrument industry. During the 1890s E.A. Lefebre started teaching saxophone at the Conservatory, which provided a boost to the availability of saxophone instruction and the following growth of saxophone sales into the twentieth century.  Conn's company was a source of competitors as well as instruments. Notable employees who left the firm to pursue their own businesses were composer W. Paris Chambers, the founder of the Seidel Band Instrument Company William F. Seidel, the founder of the Buescher Band Instrument Company Ferdinand A. Buescher, the founder of the F.E. Olds Company Frank E. Olds, and the founder of the Martin Band Instrument Company Henry Charles Martin.  Conn's second factory burned on 22 May 1910, a loss estimated between $100,000 and $500,000. Conn was en route from California to Elkhart when his factory burned, and upon arriving home he was met with a public demonstration, a way of showing popular sympathy. Conn then announced his intentions to build a third factory on the corner of East Beardsley and Conn Avenues. Construction began 15 August 1910, and by the following 12 December it was fully operational.

Conn's other enterprises.

Colonel Conn was a colorful personality of the show biz sort. He believed that he could do anything. His career grew far beyond the confines of horn making. In 1880 Conn was elected Mayor of Elkhart on the Democratic ticket. He was re-elected in 1882 but did not finish the term. Ten days before the general election in 1888, Conn was drafted as an emergency candidate for the Indiana House of Representatives by the Democrats, and won the election. In 1892 he was elected to the United States Congress as Representative of the 13th District of Indiana. Two years later he was re-nominated, but declined the nomination unless the party permitted him to make the canvass on a "reformed" platform. The party would not permit this, and accepted his declination. In 1908 he ran for Governor of Indiana and lost; in 1910 he ran for Senator. Conn's term in the House was one that provided help for Civil War veterans seeking assistance.  Colonel Conn also had a love affair with publishing. He founded a newspaper, the "Elkhart Daily Truth", on 15 October 1889. The paper still exists as "The Elkhart Truth". He published the monthly "Trumpet Notes" which he circulated amongst his employees and dealers. He also published a scandal sheet called "The Gossip" which, along with the town doings, he used occasionally to attack his competitors and enemies. While a member of Congress he purchased the "Washington Times". He conducted a sensational campaign against alleged vice in the city. Eventually he found himself as a defendant in a big damage suit, but won the case. Sometime later he disposed of the paper.  Colonel Conn had heavily invested money in other businesses. One of his disappointments was his involvement with early electrical generating systems. In 1904 he constructed a powerhouse and provided electrical service as a competitor to the Indiana and Michigan Electric Company. They later bought out Conn's service at a great sacrifice to himself. The turning point to Conn's financial affairs and public life took place in April 1911 when he and his wife executed a trust deed for $200,000 covering all their possessions for the purposes of bonding the Conn indebtedness and securing working capital, the longest bond to mature in ten years. Conn's money problems stemmed partly from failed ventures like his entry into the utilities business, the building of his third factory, and its loss to fire, and his loss of a costly lawsuit filed against him by a former company manager. The deed included in addition to the horn factory and what was then known as the Angledile Scale Company, and The Elkhart Truth, some sixty descriptions of real estate in Elkhart and vicinity, various real estate mortgages, 125 shares of stock in the Simplex Motor Car Company of Mishawaka, Indiana, a seagoing yacht, a lake motor launch, and much valuable personal property. Conn also lost considerable face when he was ordered by a judge to publicly apologize for publishing inflammatory comments about J. W. Pepper. The Musical Courier picked up on the legal problems and reported about how Conn was knowingly making false statements about Pepper. In his published apology, Conn attributed his aberrant behavior on an addiction to tobacco.  In 1915 Conn's growing debt crisis forced him to seek a buyer for his assets. All of Colonel Conn's holdings were bought by a group of investors led by Carl Dimond Greenleaf (b. Wauseon, Ohio 27 July 1876; d. Elkhart, Indiana 10 July 1959). Conn met Greenleaf during his years in Washington, D.C., and invested in some grain mills in Ohio which Greenleaf owned. Initially Conn held onto ownership of The Elkhart Truth, but a few months after the sale of his other holdings, Conn sold The Elkhart Truth to Greenleaf and to a local entrepreneur Andrew Hubble Beardsley. The sale was detrimental to Colonel Conn's marriage. They divorced, and Mrs. Conn was allowed to retain a house in Elkhart in which she lived until her death in 1924. Colonel Conn meanwhile was allowed to keep his home in Los Angeles, California. He spent virtually the remainder of his life there and only returned to Elkhart once in 1926 to visit his sister. He remarried to a very young woman while in California, and they had a son twelve years before Conn's death in 1931. Once a very wealthy and influential man, he died almost penniless. His estate didn't have enough money in it to afford a grave marker, and a hat was passed around the horn factory to collect enough money to buy one.

Carl D. Greenleaf and C.G. Conn, Ltd., 1915-1949.

Carl Greenleaf was president of Conn from 1915 to 1949. The new company was incorporated with public stock offerings under the name C.G. Conn Ltd and the Conn trademark was updated to the official name of the new company. Greenleaf was an astute businessman, very sensitive to the market trends of the industry. While president, Greenleaf was noting the gradual extinction of the small town brass band, and of the big touring bands such as the Sousa band. To shore up the future market for band instruments, he undertook to promote band programs in schools and colleges. He proceeded to develop a close relationship and communications between the industry and music educators. His collaboration with educators such as Joseph E. Maddy and T.P. Giddings helped introduce band music into public schools. Greenleaf organized the first national band contest in 1923 and helped make possible the founding of the National Music Camp at Interlochen, Michigan. In 1928 he founded a Conn National School of Music which trained hundreds of school band directors, and this in turn helped spur the development of music programs in schools and communities across the United States. In 1956, Conn sponsored a film to promote school bands entitled "Mr. B Natural".  Greenleaf expanded and upgraded the Conn plant, and converted distribution from mail-order to retail dealers. By 1917 the assembly-line work force had increased to 550 employees who were turning out about 2500 instruments a month using a new hydraulic expansion process which Greenleaf introduced to the plant. In 1917 Conn introduced the "Pan American" brand for its second-line instruments. Conn founded the subsidiary Pan American Band Instrument Company in 1919 and later that year moved production of second-line instruments to the old Angledile Scale factory. In 1930 the Pan American company was absorbed by Conn, but the Pan American brand for Conn's second-line instruments remained in use until 1955. Conn founded the Continental Music retail subsidiary in 1923. At its height, the operation included a chain of over 30 music stores. During the 1920s Conn owned the Elkhart Band Instrument Company (1923–27), the Leedy Company (1927–55), a manufacturer of percussion, and 49.9% of the stock of the retailer H. & A. Selmer (1923–27). Conn purchased the drum manufacturer Ludwig and Ludwig, the instrument import/retail operation of the Carl Fischer company, and accordion manufacturer Soprani in 1929. From 1940 to 1950 they owned the Haddorff Piano Company, and from 1941 to 1942 the Straube Piano Company.  By 1920 Conn was producing a complete line of saxophones. In this area they had stiff competition from other big saxophone makers such as Buescher and Martin. Around 1917 Conn introduced drawn tone holes (after a patent by W.S. Haynes in 1914) eliminating the necessity of soft-soldering tone hole platforms onto the bodies of the instruments. Around 1920 Conn introduced rolled tone hole rims, a feature that enhanced the seal of the pads and extended pad life. Rolled tone holes remained a feature of Conn saxophones until 1947. By the late 1920s the success of Conn's latest "New Wonder" model saxophones with dance orchestras was gaining widespread attention, leading European manufacturers to produce horns closer to the deeper, richer, bolder "American" sound. Selmer (Paris) introduced the American-sounding "New Largebore" model in 1929 and the new Julius Keilwerth Company in Czechoslovakia produced saxophones influenced by the Conn design, including rolled tone holes and microtuners. As sax sales plateaued in 1928, Conn attempted to introduce a mezzo-soprano saxophone in the key of F and the "Conn-o-sax", a saxophone-English horn hybrid, but these instruments were soon discontinued after disappointing sales.  In 1928 Conn opened its Experimental Laboratory, which was unique in the industry, under the direction of C.D.'s son Leland Burleigh Greenleaf (Wauseon, Ohio, 12 August 1904 – Leland, Michigan, 29 March 1978). Under his directorship, the department developed the first short-action piston valves (1934), and the 'Stroboconn' (1936), the first electronic visual tuning device. It also developed the "Vocabell" (1932), a bell with no rim, which Conn described as "vibrat[ing] freely and in sympathy with the vibrating column of air in the instrument," Conn also developed the "Coprion" bell (1934), a seamless copper bell formed by directly electroplating it onto a mandrel. Under Greenleaf's saxophone specialists Allen Loomis and Hugh Loney, Conn's research and development resulted in the designs of the 6M alto (1931), 10M tenor (1934), and 12M baritone (1930). The 12M baritone was the first saxophone with both bell keys on the right side, followed by the King Voll-True II (1932) and Selmer Balanced Action (1936). The 6M alto featured an innovative double socket neck that eliminated the large collar on the body tube at the neck joint for a more positive seal and even response, later adopted for King altos and tenors. From 1935 through 1943, Conn produced the 26M and 30M "Connqueror" alto and tenor saxophones, featuring screw-adjustable keywork and improved mechanisms for the left hand cluster. The keywork was the most fully adjustable of any saxophone during that period. Conn's laboratory was expanded into the Division of Research, Development and Design in 1940, directed by Earle Kent (b Adrian, Texas 22 May 1910; d Elkhart 12 January 1994). Conn's combined abilities in close-tolerance manufacturing and electronic devices made them a valuable resource for wartime production.  From mid-1942 to 1945, Conn ceased all production of musical instruments for civilian use to manufacture flat & mounted compasses, altimeters, gyro-horizon indicators, and other military instrumentation. A special application of Conn's "Coprion" process--creating seamless brass bells by depositing copper on a mandrel--was to manufacture silver bearing inserts for the Wright Cyclone airplane engines. In winter 1946-47, production was again interrupted, by a 15-week labor strike. The loss in sales from those disruptions and increased competition from other manufacturers such as Selmer (Paris) and King (H. N. White) caused a serious decline in Conn's status as a major band instrument manufacturer. Conn first responded by expanding their lines of electronic musical products, developing the "Connsonata" electronic organ in 1946. They later developed the "Connstellation" model wind instruments to revitalize those product lines (28M alto saxophone with help from Santy Runyon, 1948, and brass instruments, mid-1950s). The Connstellation brasswinds remained a premium line through the 1960s.

The Paul Gazlay - Lee Greenleaf era, 1949-1969.

Carl Greenleaf retired in 1949 but remained a member of the board of directors until his death in 1959. He was succeeded by Paul Gazlay. In 1958, Lee Greenleaf succeeded Gazlay as company President. Conn briefly returned to manufacture of military instrumentation during the Korean War, while continuing production of musical instruments. Priorities changed under Gazlay, with the high quality wind instruments on which the company had built its reputation becoming an increasingly marginal interest. The 28M saxophone was discontinued after 1952 and cost-cutting measures were incorporated into the manufacturing process and designs of Conn's 6M, 10M, and 12M "Artist" series saxophones. Conn shifted their emphasis to the expanding market for school band instruments and to diversifying their instrument lines. To diversify their product line, Conn acquired as subsidiaries the New Berlin Instrument Company (1954) of New Berlin, New York which produced clarinets, oboes and bassoons for Conn, the Artley Company (1959), a manufacturer of flutes and clarinets, the Janssen Piano Company (1964), and the Scherl & Roth Company (1964), a manufacturer of stringed instruments. Conn divested itself of Leedy and Ludwig in 1955, Carl Fischer retail in 1959, and New Berlin Instrument in 1961. By 1958, over half of Conn's sales revenue was from their electric organs. In 1959 Conn built a new organ factory in Madison, Indiana. The Janssen Piano assets were merged with Conn's organ division to form Conn Keyboards in 1964.  In 1960, Conn acquired the Art Best Manufacturing Company (Coin Art) facility that manufactured saxophones in Nogales, Arizona. They continued manufacturing saxophones of the Vito design that were produced there, marketed as the Conn 50M and 60M alto and tenor saxophones, then moved the production of their 14M and 16M student alto and tenor saxophones to the facility in 1963. Production of other wind instruments remained in Elkhart.  The late 1960s saw trends in the keyboard, wind, and stringed instrument markets that were seriously undermining Conn's position. The growing popularity of portable electronic keyboards was cutting into Conn's niche of home organs and pianos. The market for student instruments was becoming increasingly competitive, with newcomers from Japan offering products more efficiently produced, with higher quality standards, and more tailored to students' needs. Conn saxophones had ceased to be competitive in the professional market during the 1950s due to outdated designs and declining quality. By the late 1960s, their student line instruments were in competitive decline for similar reasons. By 1969, C. G. Conn, Ltd. was facing insolvency.

Company from 1969 to 2003.

In 1969 C.G. Conn Ltd. was sold under bankruptcy to the Crowell-Collier MacMillan Company. In 1970, the corporate offices were moved to Oak Brook, Illinois, Conn Keyboards was moved to Carol Stream, Illinois and their piano manufacturing operation sold. Also in 1970, Conn's Elkhart manufacturing facilities were sold to Selmer (USA) and Coachmen Industries. Brasswind manufacturing moved to Abilene Texas and woodwind production was moved from Nogales, Arizona to Nogales, Mexico. A precipitous drop in product quality followed those moves, initiated as cost-cutting measures by executives not familiar with instrument production, and destroyed whatever was left of Conn's reputation in the wind instrument market. Conn introduced the modernized 7M alto saxophone; it soon acquired the same reputation for poor quality as the other "MexiConns," sold poorly, and was discontinued. In 1970 Conn also started the Conn Guitar Division, operating out of Oak Brook, Illinois, contracting the manufacture of a new line of acoustic guitars to Tokai Gakki in Japan. Conn's acoustic guitar business ended in 1978. In 1979 Conn tried to enter the highly competitive electric guitar market, introducing a line of some original model electric guitars, and some copies of existing popular brands. (see History of Conn Guitars).  In 1980 the company was sold to Daniel Henkin (b. 18 March 1930, Kansas City, Missouri, d. Elkhart, Indiana, 8 November 2012) who had served the company as an advertising manager during the 1960s. Henkin moved the corporate offices back to Elkhart and moved to re-focus the company on wind instruments. First to go were the failing electric guitar venture, which was discontinued, and Conn Keyboards, sold to Kimball. Henkin hired "Tonight Show" trumpeter and bandleader Doc Severinsen as Vice President of Product Development, and introduced the Conn Severinsen trumpet and Henkin student clarinet. In 1981 he bought the W.T. Armstrong Company, a manufacturer of flutes and marketer of "H. Couf" branded saxophones made by the Julius Keilwerth company of West Germany. After that acquisition the Keilwerth instruments were also sold as "Conn DJH Modified" models. The company introduced a student line of oboes and bassoons under the "Artley" brand in 1983. Also in 1983, Henkin acquired King Musical Instruments of Eastlake, Ohio from the defunct Seeburg Corporation's creditors. In 1985 Henkin was seeking a buyer for his companies, first selling the Conn Strobotuner division to Peterson Electro-Musical Products. Peterson continues to service the Conn line of tuners.  The Swedish investment firm bought Henkin's companies in 1985. In 1986 the companies were merged to create a new parent corporation, United Musical Instruments headquartered in Nogales, Arizona. UMI closed the Conn Brasswind facility in Abilene, Texas (1986), moving brass instrument production to the King plant in Eastlake. All operations were moved out of Mexico in 1987. Production of "Artley" flutes was moved to the W. T. Armstrong facility in Elkhart and reed instrument production was moved back from Nogales, Mexico to Nogales, Arizona.  In 1990 UMI was sold to Bernhard Muskantor, one of the Skåne Gripen partners. Muskantor, with family roots in the musical instrument business, desired a return of the Conn name to respectability but its arrangement with Keilwerth had recently fallen apart and the increasingly tough market with new low-cost Asian competitors kept Conn's position marginal. In 2000 UMI was purchased by Steinway Musical Instruments, and in January 2003 Steinway merged the UMI assets with their subsidiary The Selmer Company to create the Conn-Selmer division.

Conn Res-o-Pads.

Between 1920 and 1947, all professional-grade saxophones manufactured by C.G. Conn had rolled toneholes. In the early 1930s, Conn developed a unique type of saxophone pad called "Conn Res-o-Pads", which were specifically designed for use on saxophones with rolled toneholes. Conn Res-O-Pads have an internal metal reinforcing ring which is hidden under the leather covering around the circumference of the pad. Their most notable feature is that the diameter of the pad extends over the rim of the key-cup, thereby giving a slightly wider surface area for the rolled tone-hole to seal onto. Rim impressions from Res-o-Pads are minimal and unlike standard pads they cannot be "floated" in. Though designed to fix into key-cups purely via friction, most saxophone repairers glue them in place using shellac or hot melt adhesive. Res-o-Pads can be challenging to size correctly because (unlike standard saxophone pads which come in 0.5 mm size steps) they are only available in 1/32nds of an inch sizes which may not always correspond closely to key-cup diameters. Newly produced Conn Res-o-Pads are still available from specialist suppliers and are favored by some saxophone collectors because they give a fully authentic look and feel to vintage saxophones with rolled toneholes e.g. those made by Conn, Kohlert and Keilwerth. However, it is possible to fit standard pads to any saxophone with rolled toneholes (and many people do) without any noticeable disadvantage regarding the quality of sound produced.

The Conn Microtuner.

From 1922 to 1950 Conn manufactured alto and c-melody saxophones with a unique tuning device on the neck known as the "Conn Microtuner." The feature was devised to allow the saxophone to be tuned while maintaining optimal volume in the chamber of the mouthpiece, thus avoiding disturbance to intonation. The device adjusts the length of the neck, controlled by a threaded barrel near the mouthpiece end. To lower the pitch, the barrel was rotated to the left. To raise the pitch the barrel was rotated to the right. The benefits of the microtuner to intonation have been shown to be more theoretical than practical, with the drawbacks that the internal mechanism requires extra cleaning and maintenance and is a potential source of leaks. Some repair technicians who have play-tested large numbers of Conn altos (cf. Les Arbuckle of Saxoasis.com) report that the microtuner necks lend a different sound quality from those without one. Early Keilwerth and other German-made saxophones also featured microtuners. Since the 1950s, all new saxophones use the traditional tuning method of pulling out or pushing in the mouthpiece on the cork until the pitch is correct.

C.G. Conn Ltd., sometimes called Conn Instruments or commonly just Conn, is a former American manufacturer of musical instruments incorporated in 1915. It bought the production facilities owned by Charles Gerard Conn, a major figure in early manufacture of brasswinds and saxophones in the USA. Its early business was based primarily on brass instruments, which were manufactured in Elkhart, Indiana. During the 1950s the bulk of its sales revenue shifted to electric organs. In 1969 the company was sold in bankruptcy to the Crowell-Collier-MacMillan publishing company. Conn was divested of its Elkhart production facilities in 1970, leaving remaining production in satellite facilities and contractor sources.

C.G Conn, parfois appelée Conn Instruments ou seulement Conn, est une marque américaine d'instruments à vents fabriqués à base de cuivre et de bois. La marque est spécialisée dans la fabrication de trombones, de trompettes et de saxophones. Conn est particulièrement reconnue pour avoir fabriqué plusieurs modèles de saxophones incluant le Lady Face et le Chu Berry. Les saxophones 6M (alto) et 10M (ténor) bénéficient d'une forte notoriété au sein des musiciens professionnels et des collectionneurs. Parmi les saxophonistes de renom ayant utilisé cet instrument figure notamment Charlie Parker.


Career.

Quackenbush attended Jesuit High School in Tampa, Florida, and the University of South Florida, where he played college baseball for the South Florida Bulls baseball team as their closer. Quackenbush was named a second team All-American in 2011.

San Diego Padres.

The Padres selected him in the eighth round of the 2011 MLB Draft. In his first season with the organization, he split his playing time between the Class A short-season Eugene Emeralds and Class A Fort Wayne TinCaps. The Padres promoted Quackenbush to Class AAA in 2013 and invited him to spring training in 2014.  Quackenbush was called up to the majors for the first time on April 25, 2014 and made his debut that day. The following month, he picked up his first major league win. On August 19, he recorded his first major league save.  On September 1, 2017, he was designated for assignment. On September 6, he cleared waivers, and San Diego outrighted him to El Paso. He became a free agent following the season.  In 2017 with the Padres, he was 0-2 with a 7.86 ERA in 20 games.

Cincinnati Reds.

On November 8, 2017, Quackenbush signed a minor league deal with the Cincinnati Reds organization. He had his contract purchased on March 28, 2018. He was designated for assignment on April 24, 2018. He declared free agency on October 3, 2018.

Los Angeles Dodgers.

On November 13, 2018, Quackenbush signed a minor league deal with the Los Angeles Dodgers. He was assigned to the AAA Oklahoma City Dodgers and was selected to the Pacific Coast League team at the Triple-A All-Star Game.

Washington Nationals.

On January 27, 2020, Quackenbush signed a minor league deal with the Washington Nationals.

Kevin Robert Quackenbush (born November 28, 1988) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Washington Nationals organization. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Diego Padres and Cincinnati Reds.

Kevin Quackenbush (né le à Land O' Lakes, Floride, États-Unis) est un lanceur droitier des Ligues majeures de baseball jouant avec les Padres de San Diego.