History.

A village of the Timucua people was once located south of the present city and at Manatee Springs. The area's economy is traditionally based on agriculture, primarily farming (peanuts, watermelons, hay); ranching (cattle, hogs); dairy (milk); timber (pulpwood, lumber, turpentine) and aquaculture (fishing, oystering, crabbing).

Attractions.

Manatee Springs State Park is located west of town; the crystal-clear water is a "first-magnitude" spring that flows directly into the Suwannee River. The park offers a full slate of activities, including camping. Manatees can be seen in the spring year-round, but especially in late fall and winter, where the constant temperature of the spring is much warmer than river water.

Commerce.

Chiefland is located in the northwest corner of the county, where Levy, Dixie and Gilchrist counties adjoin (known as the "Tri-County area"). As growth in north Florida increased during the last quarter of the twentieth century, Chiefland became a local center for shopping. A Walmart Supercenter was opened in 1995, and increased traffic along US 19/98 support a variety of national fast food franchises plus Best Western and Days Inn motels. Georgia-Pacific was a large employer, operating a mill in Chiefland from 1955 to 1978. Agriculture is still a major factor in the local economy, but there has been a big shift to a service economy. There are three incarceration facilities in the area: Cross City Correctional Institution & Work Camp; Lancaster Correctional Institution & Work Camp; and Levy Forestry Camp. They provide a total of over 800 jobs.

Demographics.

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,993 people, 796 households, and 511 families residing in the city. The population density was 509.5 inhabitants per square mile (196.8/km). There were 931 housing units at an average density of 238.0 per square mile (91.9/km). The racial makeup of the city was 60.36% White, 34.27% African American, 0.65% Native American, 1.66% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 0.65% from other races, and 2.31% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.76% of the population.  There were 796 households, out of which 35.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.1% were married couples living together, 23.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.8% were non-families. 32.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.05.  In the city, the population was spread out, with 31.3% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 22.8% from 25 to 44, 20.0% from 45 to 64, and 16.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 79.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 71.3 males.  The median income for a household in the city was $17,331, and the median income for a family was $23,750. Males had a median income of $25,000 versus $19,792 for females. The per capita income for the city was $10,676. About 33.3% of families and 36.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 46.0% of those under age 18 and 24.4% of those aged 65 or over.

Education.

Chiefland has two public schools: Chiefland Middle High School, and Chiefland Elementary. The School Board of Levy County controls their operation and also supervises two charter schools: Nature Coast Middle School and Whispering Winds. Other schools under the board's jurisdiction are in the town of Bronson, the city of Williston, the city of Cedar Key, and Yankeetown.  The College of Central Florida has plans for a $12 million permanent facility on of donated land by the Mann family. The location is north of the city. The college currently operates the Levy Center in downtown Chiefland. The new location has been designated the Jack Wilkinson Levy Campus in honor of the former high school math teacher's donation of $2.5 million to the campus.

Library.

Levy County provides Chiefland with a local public library. The Luther Callaway Public Library is a depository library that receives publications from the State of Florida for public use. Luther Callaway was a postmaster and school teacher.

Geography.

Chiefland is located at (29.481801, -82.862097).  According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of, all land.  Chiefland is at the junction of U.S. Highways Alternate 27, 19, and 98. US 129 was converted into a separate junction in the early 21st century. It is southwest of Gainesville.

Healthcare.

The State of Florida has approved a 28-bed hospital in Chiefland to serve the needs of western Levy County, Dixie County, and Gilchrist County. The Suwannee Valley Community Hospital is expected to cost $27 million, and Ameris Health Systems is leading the effort. The first drawing of the facility was rendered in March 2008.

Chiefland is a city in Levy County, Florida, United States. The population was 2,245 at the 2010 census. Chiefland calls itself the "Gem of the Suwannee Valley" and was incorporated in 1929.

Chiefland est une ville américaine située dans le comté de Levy en Floride. <mapframe zoom=11 latitude =29.481667 longitude =-82.862222 align=left width=200 height=200 text="Carte interactive de Chiefland"> { "type": "ExternalData", "service": "geoshape", "ids": "Q2157216", "properties": { "fill": "#D9FFB2", "stroke": "#004000" } } </mapframe>


Design.

"Caio Duilio" was long overall and had a beam of and a draft of. At full combat load, she displaced up to. She had a crew of 35 officers and 1,198 enlisted men. She was powered by four Parsons steam turbines, with steam provided by eight oil-fired and twelve coal and oil burning Yarrow boilers. The boilers were trunked into two large funnels. The engines were rated at, which provided a top speed of. She had a cruising radius of at.  The ship was armed with a main battery of thirteen 46-caliber guns in three triple turrets and two twin turrets. The secondary battery comprised sixteen 45-caliber guns, all mounted in casemates clustered around the forward and aft main battery turrets. "Caio Duilio" was also armed with thirteen 50-caliber guns and six 76-mm anti-aircraft guns. As was customary for capital ships of the period, she was equipped with three submerged torpedo tubes. She was protected with Krupp cemented steel manufactured by U.S. Steel. The belt armor was thick and the main deck was thick. The conning tower and main battery turrets were protected with worth of armor plating.

Modifications.

"Caio Duilio" was heavily rebuilt in 1937–1940 at Genoa. Her forecastle deck was extended further aft, until it reached the mainmast. The stern and bow were rebuilt, increasing the length of the ship to, and the displacement grew to. Her old machinery was replaced with more efficient equipment and her twenty boilers were replaced with eight oil-fired models; the new power plant was rated at and speed increased to. The ship's amidships turret was removed and the remaining guns were bored out to. Her secondary battery was completely overhauled; the 152 mm guns were replaced with twelve guns in triple turrets amidships. The anti-aircraft battery was significantly improved, to include ten guns, fifteen 54-cal. guns, and sixteen guns. Later, during World War II, four more 37 mm guns were installed and two of the 20 mm guns were removed. After emerging from the modernization, "Caio Duilio"s crew numbered 35 officers and 1,450 enlisted men.

Service history.

"Caio Duilio" was laid down at the Regio Cantieri di Castellammare di Stabia on 24 February 1912. She was launched on 24 April 1913, and completed on 10 May 1916. She saw no action in World War I, given the fact that the Austro-Hungarian fleet, Italy's main naval rival, remained in port for the duration of the conflict. In addition, Admiral Paolo Thaon di Revel, the Italian naval chief of staff, believed that Austro-Hungarian submarines and minelayers could operate too effectively in the narrow waters of the Adriatic. The threat from these underwater weapons to his capital ships was too serious for him to use the fleet in an active way. Instead, Revel decided to implement blockade at the relatively safer southern end of the Adriatic with the battle fleet, while smaller vessels, such as the MAS boats, conducted raids on Austro-Hungarian ships and installations. Meanwhile, Revel's battleships would be preserved to confront the Austro-Hungarian battle fleet in the event that it sought a decisive engagement.  As a result, "Caio Duilio" only went on four patrols during the war, and was operational for a total of 70 hours. She was based at Taranto starting in November 1918 to April 1919, but during that time, she deployed to Corfu, from 10 November 1918 to 26 January 1919. On 26 April 1919, "Caio Duilio" was sent to Smyrna to help mediate a dispute over ownership of the area. While there, she had a confrontation with the Greek armored cruiser, but this was defused when the Greeks landed troops to occupy Smyrna. On 9 June, she was relieved by the old pre-dreadnought battleship, allowing her to move to Constantinople.  During her deployment to Turkey, "Caio Duilio" entered the Black Sea to support the White Russians in the Russian Civil War, from 23 June to 13 July. During this period, she was transferred to the Levant Squadron of the Italian Navy. She returned to Izmir after completing her deployment to the Black Sea, and remained there until 9 September, when she was relieved by the battleship. She returned to Taranto on 12 September, and was placed in reserve. Placed back into service in 1920, "Caio Duilio" went to Albania on 30 June to support the Italian Army contingent occupying the country, and participated in their withdrawal on 5 September. The following year, she was assigned to the Dodecanese Squadron and cruised in the eastern Mediterranean. She returned to Constantinople as part of an Allied fleet from 27 July to 10 November 1921.  During the 1923 Corfu incident with Greece, the Italian Navy, including "Caio Duilio", was deployed to occupy the island of Corfu following the murder of Enrico Tellini and four others. Later that year, she escorted the battleship on a state visit to Spain. A magazine explosion on 8 April 1925 wrecked the No. 3 turret's barbette hoist. The ship went into reserve while repairs were effected in La Spezia, which lasted until April 1928. She underwent refitting at Taranto from 18 March to 15 June 1930. She again went into reserve on 11 August 1932 until 11 August 1933, when she was made the flagship of the Commanding Officer, Reserve Fleet. Starting on 19 March 1937, she was taken to Genoa where an extensive reconstruction began at the Cantieri del Tirreno shipyard. The work was completed on 15 July 1940, at which point she was recommissioned into the 5th Division of the 1st Squadron, based in Taranto.  "Caio Duilio"s first wartime patrol took place on 31 August. She and the rest of the fleet sailed to intercept the British battleship, which was steaming to Alexandria, and a convoy sailing to Malta. The Italian fleet did not have sufficient aerial reconnaissance, which, along with bad weather, prevented the Italians from locating the British forces. They put back in to Taranto on 1 September. "Caio Duilio" again put to sea on 7 September, in an attempt to catch the British Force H, but the Italian intelligence was faulty, as Force H was in the process of attacking Dakar. "Caio Duilio" returned to Taranto, where she remained until early November.

Attack at Taranto.

On the night of 10–11 November, the British Mediterranean Fleet launched a surprise air raid on the harbor in Taranto. Twenty-one Swordfish torpedo bombers launched from the aircraft carrier attacked the Italian fleet in two waves. They scored one hit on "Caio Duilio", three hits on, and one on. The torpedo hit "Caio Duilio" on her starboard side; it tore an hole in the hull and flooded the forward main battery magazines. A water tanker and several smaller craft pushed the battleship aground in shallow water to prevent her from sinking in the harbor. Temporary repairs were effected, and in January 1941, she was refloated and sent to Genoa for permanent repairs, which began on 26 January.  While "Caio Duilio" was in dock for repairs, the British Force H departed from its normal role as a convoy escort in the western Mediterranean in early February to attack Genoa. Admiral James Somerville's surface ships fired over a thousand shells at the port, and aircraft of the carrier dropped magnetic mines in the harbor. Five ships were sunk, but "Caio Duilio" was not hit in the attack. During the attack, "Caio Duilio"s anti-aircraft battery fired some 8,000 rounds at the British spotter aircraft. Repair work was completed by May, and on 16 May she was back in Taranto in the 1st Squadron.

Later service.

"Caio Duilio", now the flagship of the Italian fleet, sailed on 29 November to cover an Italian convoy to North Africa. She was escorted by the cruiser and six destroyers. She sailed again on 13 December, to cover the convoy M41; the Italian fleet was forced to break off the convoy escort after was torpedoed. "Caio Duilio" returned to port on the 14th, and departed to cover the convoy M42 two days later. She was stationed south of Messina with three cruisers and four destroyers. During the convoy operation, British forces attacked, resulting in the First Battle of Sirte, but "Caio Duilio"s group was too far away to engage the Royal Navy. She returned to Taranto on 19 December. She escorted convoy M43 on 3–6 January 1942, which successfully reached Tripoli unmolested. Convoy T18 followed on 22–5 January, and four of the five transports in the convoy reached Tripoli. "Caio Duilio"s next operation was a sortie against the British convoy MW 9 bounded from Alexandria to Malta in February. She departed from Taranto on 14 February with a pair of light cruisers and seven destroyers, but the force could not locate the British ships, and so returned to port. Her mere presence at sea, however, forced the British escort to scuttle the transport "Rowallan Castle", previously disabled by German aircraft. On the 21st, she escorted the convoy K7 from Messina and Corfu to Taranto. By this point in 1942, the Italian fleet began to suffer a severe shortage of fuel, which curtailed its operations. The situation was so bad that "Caio Duilio" had to be placed in reserve and drained of fuel, in order to keep the escort craft operational. She was at Taranto when Italy surrendered to the Allies in September 1943, and on 9 September she was taken to Malta, where she was interned with the rest of the Italian fleet. In June 1944, the Allies allowed "Caio Duilio" to return to Italian ports; she spent the rest of the war in Taranto, Syracuse, and Augusta.  She survived the war, and continued to serve in the Italian navy; she was the fleet flagship from 1 May 1947 until 10 November 1949, based in Taranto. She was moved to La Spezia in 1953 and removed from active service. "Caio Duilio" remained there until she was stricken from the naval register on 15 September 1956. She was sold for scrapping the following year.

Caio Duilio was an Italian that served in the "Regia Marina" during World War I and World War II. She was named after the Roman fleet commander Gaius Duilius. "Caio Duilio" was laid down in February 1912, launched in April 1913, and completed in May 1916. She was initially armed with a main battery of thirteen guns, but a major reconstruction in the late 1930s replaced these with ten guns. "Caio Duilio" saw no action during World War I owing to the inactivity of the Austro-Hungarian fleet during the conflict. She cruised the Mediterranean in the 1920s and was involved in the Corfu incident in 1923.

Le Caio Duilio était un cuirassé de classe Andrea Doria lancé par la marine italienne durant la Première Guerre mondiale. Il rend hommage à Caius Duilius, un amiral et homme politique romain d'origine plébéienne.


History and terminology.

The first emic unit to be considered, in the late 19th century, was the phoneme. The word "phoneme" comes from the, "phōnēma", meaning "that which is sounded", from the verb φωνέω, "phōneō", "sound", which comes in turn from the noun φωνή, "phōnē", "sound". Thus it was originally used (in its French form "phonème") to refer simply to a speech sound. But it soon came to be used in its modern sense, to denote an abstract concept (for more details, see Phoneme: Background and related ideas). It is by analogy with "phoneme" that other emic units, such as the morpheme and the grapheme, were named using the "-eme" suffix. The actual terms "emic unit" and "etic unit" were introduced by Kenneth Pike (1954).  The prefix "allo-" used in terms such as "allophone" is from the Ancient Greek ἄλλος meaning "other". The prefix is also used in chemistry.

Examples in linguistics.

The following are the most commonly analyzed kinds of emic units in linguistics:  Other examples of emic units in various branches of linguistics include the lexeme, grammeme, chereme, sememe, and tagmeme.

Generalizations outside linguistics.

In linguistics a distinction is made between so-called "emic" and "etic" accounts. For example a phonemic description is one expressed in terms of phonemes, whereas a phonetic one is based on the phones actually produced. This distinction was generalized by Pike (1954) and is applied in various social and behavioral sciences. In this general sense, an emic account is one that assumes insider knowledge of a phenomenon (as for example the unconscious awareness of a language's phonemic system that is assumed to be possessed by that language's native speakers). By contrast, an etic account is one based on the observations of an outsider.

In linguistics and related fields, an emic unit is a type of abstract object. Kinds of emic units are generally denoted by terms with the suffix "-eme", such as "phoneme", "grapheme", and "morpheme". The term "emic unit" is defined by Nöth (1995) to mean "an invariant form obtained from the reduction of a class of variant forms to a limited number of abstract units". The variant forms are called etic units (from "phonetic"). This means that a given emic unit is considered to be a single underlying object that may have a number of different observable "surface" representations.

Une unité émique est un type d’objet abstrait utilisé dans l’analyse linguistique et ses domaines connexes. Ce type d’unité est généralement désigné par des termes suffixés en "-ème", comme le phonème, le graphème, et le morphème. Une unité émique est définie par Nöth comme « une forme invariante obtenue à partir de la réduction d'une classe de formes variantes à un nombre limité d'unités abstraites ». Les variantes sont appelés unités étiques (terme qui serait construit par extraction des deux dernières voyelles de "phonétique"). Cela signifie que l’unité émique est considérée comme un seul objet sous-jacent qui peut avoir un certain nombre de différents observables « de surface », les représentations.


Early life.

Rees was born in the village of Kenfig Hill in south Wales. Her father died when she was a young teenager and she was brought up by her mother.  Rees became head girl of Cynffig Comprehensive School and has excelled at a number of sports. Speaking as an adult, she explained that: 'I was very shy when I was a child and was bullied, so my mother sent me to judo classes to strengthen me up. I got a black belt first dan when I was 13'. Rees has represented Wales Schools at tennis, hockey and athletics. Rees was also a member of the Great Britain Youth Team that competed at the Munich Olympics.  Rees was most successful at squash, a sport for which she has represented Wales over 100 times.

Career.

Rees is a qualified barrister.  Rees stood as the Labour candidate for Arfon in the Welsh Assembly elections in May 2011, and was placed fourth on the Labour's Wales wide list for the 2014 European Elections.  Rees first became MP for Neath following the UK general election of 2015.  Rees was appointed a Shadow Justice Minister in January 2016, but quit her position during the mass resignation of Shadow ministers following the EU referendum. She supported Owen Smith in the 2016 Labour Party (UK) leadership election. She later became one of 33 Labour MPs to return to the front bench, again in the position of Shadow Justice Minister. In February 2017, she was appointed to the position of Shadow Secretary of State for Wales.  Rees was reelected at the 2019 general election but with a majority half of that she had in 2017.  In the 2020 Labour Party leadership election, Rees endorsed Keir Starmer for Labour Leader. She also endorsed Angela Rayner for deputy leader.  In April 2020, Rees announced that she wouldn't be returning to the Official Opposition frontbench under Keir Starmer. Rees was replaced in the new Shadow Cabinet as Shadow Welsh Secretary by Nia Griffith.

Personal life.

Rees was married to Welsh politician and former Secretary of State for Wales, Ron Davies. The couple divorced in 1999 and have one daughter.  Rees is a vegan.

Christina Rees (born 21 February 1954) is a British Labour Co-operative Party politician who served as Shadow Secretary of State for Wales in the Shadow Cabinet of Jeremy Corbyn from 2017 to 2020, and has served as MP for Neath since 2015.

Christina Rees, née le est une femme politique britannique membre du Parti travailliste (Co-op). Elle est députée de la circonscription de Neath depuis le et secrétaire d'État pour le pays de Galles du cabinet fantôme de Jeremy Corbyn de 2017 à 2020.


History.

Phillips County was developed in the antebellum years for cotton plantations, which relied on the labor of enslaved African Americans. Their work produced the wealth of the major large planters. Cotton continued to be the major commodity crop into the 20th century in this area but after the war, blacks often had to work as sharecroppers or tenant farmers. By the turn of the century, Arkansas and other southern states had disenfranchised most blacks, excluding them from the political system, and imposed Jim Crow. But black sharecroppers began to try to organize a farmers' union after World War I. They were seeking better conditions of payment and accounting from white landowners of the area cotton plantations. Whites resisted any change and often tried to break up their meetings.  On September 30, 1919, two white men, including a local deputy, tried to break up a meeting of black sharecroppers who were trying to organize a farmers' union. After a white deputy was killed in a confrontation with guards at the meeting, word spread to town and around the area. Hundreds of whites from Phillips and neighboring areas rushed to suppress the blacks, and started attacking blacks at large. Governor Charles Hillman Brough requested federal troops to stop what was called the Elaine Race Riot. White mobs spread throughout the county, killing an estimated 237 blacks before most of the violence was suppressed after October 1. Five whites also died in the incident. The governor accompanied the troops to the scene; their use had been approved by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson. Sharecroppers generally remained at a disadvantage in dealing with white landowners.  The county continues to rely on agriculture, but mechanization reduced the need for farm labor. Many African Americans left this area in the Great Migration of the early 20th century. In the 21st century, most farms are industrial scale. Some seasonal Hispanic migrant workers have been hired in this area since the late 20th century.  At 6:15 PM, April 26, 2011, a tornado – part of the 2011 Super Outbreak – hit the Elaine area. The tornado was rated EF0, with estimated wind speeds of. The tornado's path of destruction was wide and the tornado traveled a path of along Highway 61 and across the Mississippi state line, ending near Lula, Mississippi. Most of the tornado's damage was concentrated in Friars Point and Coahoma, Mississippi.

Geography.

Elaine is located at (34.308595, −90.854201).  According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of, all land.

Demographics.

At the 2000 census there were 865 people in 330 households, including 222 families, in the city. The population density was 1,725.8 people per square mile (668.0/km2). There were 356 housing units at an average density of 710.3 per square mile (274.9/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 39.08% White, 58.15% Black or African American, 0.92% from other races, and 1.85% from two or more races. 6.01% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Agriculture includes rice production, which uses seasonal migrant laborers from Mexico and Latin America in the town, nearby Lake View, and the Helena area. Of the 330 households 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.2% were married couples living together, 30.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.7% were non-families. 31.2% of households were one person and 18.5% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.31.  The age distribution was 31.8% under the age of 18, 10.8% from 18 to 24, 19.5% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 16.8% 65 or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 80.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 73.5 males.  The median household income was $19,479 and the median family income was $22,813. Males had a median income of $22,386 versus $18,056 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,640. About 33.5% of families and 41.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 59.1% of those under age 18 and 26.5% of those age 65 or over.

Education.

The Marvell–Elaine School District serves the community. Marvell Primary School and Marvell High School in Marvell serve Elaine.  Previously the Elaine School District served the community. On July 1, 2006, the Elaine district merged into the Marvell district. When the district existed, it operated Lucilia Wood Elementary School and Elaine High School.

Elaine (pronounced locally with the accent on the first syllable) is a very small city in Phillips County, Arkansas, United States, in the Arkansas Delta region of the Mississippi River. The population was 636 at the 2010 census.

Elaine est une ville du comté de Phillips en Arkansas. Sa population était de en 2000. Sa population était de en 2000.


History.

Mexico Beach was incorporated in 1966. Before Hurricane Michael, "the town was "old Florida,"... a collection of 50-year-old bungalows and newer vacation homes on stilts," where tourists walked on white sand beaches. On November 22, 1985, Hurricane Kate's eye passed over Mexico Beach. Category 2 winds and tides destroyed beachfront homes and businesses.

Hurricane Michael.

Hurricane Michael made landfall near Mexico Beach on October 10, 2018, just before 1 p.m. local time with maximum sustained winds of, the first Category 5 hurricane to make landfall in the United States since Hurricane Andrew in 1992. Michael made history as the third strongest (by pressure) and fourth strongest (by wind speed) landfalling storm in the continental United States. The storm caused extensive damage to the community, and to the nearby Tyndall Air Force Base. Nearly all homes were totally destroyed. Brock Long, the FEMA administrator, told CNN that Mexico Beach was "wiped out" and referred to the community as "ground zero". The elementary school and city hall were among the buildings devastated; the pier washed away, and the water tower was knocked down.  A report by the State indicated that roughly 285 people in Mexico Beach had declined to evacuate the area, although some of those may have left before the peak of the storm. Three people from Mexico Beach were listed among the deaths due to hurricane. At that time, Mayor Al Cathey told residents it might be months before electricity, water, and plumbing were restored.

Geography.

Mexico Beach is located at. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of, of which is land, and, or 2.84%, is water.  Mexico Beach is located in the Florida Panhandle.

Demographics.

As of the census of 2010, there were 1,072 people, 563 households, and 320 families residing in the city. The population density was 595.6 inhabitants per square mile (233.0/km2). There were 1,852 housing units at an average density of 1,028.9 per square mile (402.6/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 93.1% White, 1.9% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.0% Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, 0.8% some other race, and 3.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.6% of the population.  There were 563 households out of which 11.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.8% were headed by married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.2% were non-families. 38.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.6% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.90, and the average family size was 2.43.  In the city, the population was spread out with 11.3% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 16.7% from 25 to 44, 35.5% from 45 to 64, and 31.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 55.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.3 males.  At the 2000 census, the median income for a household in the city was $31,950, and the median income for a family was $40,163. Males had a median income of $30,278 versus $23,125 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,871. About 8.1% of families and 11.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.8% of those under age 18 and 10.7% of those age 65 or over.

Education.

Although physically located in Bay County, Mexico Beach is served by Gulf County Schools rather than the Bay District Schools.

Mexico Beach is a city in Bay County, Florida, United States. It is located southeast of Panama City. The population was 1,072 at the 2010 census. The community was extensively damaged by Hurricane Michael on October 10, 2018. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) declared the community "wiped out" in the aftermath of the hurricane's devastating impact.

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Creation.

Jane was born when artist Norman Pett made a wager that he could create a comic strip as popular to adults as the strip "Pip, Squeak and Wilfred" was to children. Originally Pett's wife Mary modelled for him, but in the late 1930s, she abandoned modelling in pursuit of golf. Pett then teamed up with Chrystabel Leighton-Porter whom he met while she was modelling for a class in Birmingham in 1939.

Characters and story.

Originally entitled Jane's Journal, Or the Diary of a Bright Young Thing, the salacious comic strip featured the misadventures of the title ingenue. The heroine had a habit of frequently (and most often inadvertently) losing her clothes. Her intimate confidant was a pet dachshund named Fritz. Her full name was Jane Gay, a play on the name Lady Jane Grey.  The strip became very popular during the Second World War and was considered morale-boosting, inspiring a similar American version, Milton Caniff's comic strip "Male Call". Until 1943, Jane rarely stripped beyond her undergarments, but then she made a fully nude appearance when getting out of a bath and clumsily falling into the middle of a crowd of British soldiers.  Norman Pett's assistant Michael Hubbard continued, beginning in 1948, to develop the cartoon's original storyline until ending in 1959 – with charmer Georgie giving Jane a happy marriage and ending the series. The "Mirror" tried to revive the character on several occasions. One such comic strip was "Jane, Daughter of Jane", who was apparently the original's grown-up offspring, but she lacked her mother's charm and innocence. Another attempt was made during the 1980s.

Jane visits America.

During 1945, King Features Syndicate attempted to distribute "Jane" in the United States. However, the nudity was too much for prudish American audiences, and the attempt ceased during 1946.  Other comics in the tradition of, and possibly inspired by, "Jane" include "Sally the Sleuth", "Male Call" and "Little Annie Fanny".

Adaptations.

The strip inspired an eponymous stage play during the 1940s, with Leighton-Porter playing the character of Jane (see Jane on Stage). Chrystabel also featured in a 1949 movie, "The Adventures of Jane", directed by Edward G. Whiting. A 1987 movie, "Jane and the Lost City", starring Kirsten Hughes in the title role, was directed by Terry Marcel.  A television series was made by the BBC between 1982 and 1984, featuring Glynis Barber in the title role. The first season was titled simply "Jane", while the second was titled "Jane in the Desert". Despite the early evening scheduling slot, the show was decidedly risqué with Jane continuously stripping down to her underwear, including stockings and suspenders. At the end of the second series' closing episode she appeared topless momentarily. Despite considerable publicity in the press at the time of its original screening, the show became somewhat obscure and has never had a commercial video or DVD release. The show was briefly revived during 1985 as a three-part sequence shown over a single morning on Breakfast Television but without Glynis Barber in the main role.

Stage burlesque show.

During and after World War II, Chrystabel Leighton-Porter performed a striptease act as the character of Jane. In the war, it was compulsory for actors and entertainers to join ENSA (Entertainments National Service Association) whose job it was to organize entertainment for the troops, and although Chrystabel's audience were mainly soldiers, she was never asked by ENSA to perform on the front line. Chrystabel explained:  The content of the act varied due to restrictions set in by local censors.

Jane is a comic strip created and drawn by Norman Pett exclusively for the British tabloid newspaper "The Daily Mirror" from 5 December 1932 to 10 October 1959.

Jane est une série de bande dessinée du Britannique publiée du au dans le Tabloïd "The Daily Mirror". D'abord publiée avec des récitatifs en-dessous des cases, la série adopte les phylactères à partir de, devenant alors scénarisée par Don Freeman.


History.

The first Fort Adams was designed by Major Louis de Tousard of the Army Corps of Engineers as part of the first system of US fortifications. After some additions in 1809, this fort mounted 17 cannon and was garrisoned during the War of 1812 by Wood's State Corps of Rhode Island militiamen. The Secretary of War's report for December 1811 describes the fort as "an irregular star fort of masonry, with an irregular indented work of masonry adjoining it, mounting seventeen heavy guns.... The barracks are of wood and bricks, for one company".  After the War of 1812, there was a thorough review of the nation's fortification needs and it was decided to replace the older Fort Adams with a newer and much larger fort. This was part of what became known as the third system of US fortifications. The new fort was designed by Brigadier General Simon Bernard, a Frenchman who had served as a military engineer under Napoleon. Bernard designed the new Fort Adams in the classic style and it became the most complex fortification in the Western Hemisphere. It included a tenaille and crownwork, a complex outer work on the southern (landward) side, designed to break up and channel an assault force. In the US, it is rivaled in size only by Fort Monroe in Hampton, Virginia and Fort Jefferson on the Dry Tortugas in Florida.  Construction of the new fort began in 1824 under 1st Lt. Andrew Talcott and continued at irregular intervals until 1857. From 1825 to 1838 construction was overseen by Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Gilbert Totten, the foremost American military engineer of his day. In 1838 Totten became Chief of Engineers and served until his death in 1864. The new Fort Adams was first garrisoned in August 1841, functioning as an active Army post until 1950. During this time the fort was active in five major wars (the Mexican–American War, American Civil War, Spanish–American War, World War I and World War II) but never fired a shot in anger.  At the start of the Mexican–American War the post was commanded by Benjamin Kendrick Pierce, the brother of President Franklin Pierce. The fort's redoubt, about 1/4 mile south of the main fort, was built during this war.  From 1848 to 1853, Fort Adams was commanded by Colonel William Gates, a long serving veteran of both the War of 1812 and the Mexican War. The fort's garrison was ordered to California and many of the soldiers lost their lives when the steamer SS "San Francisco" was wrecked, but not sunk, in a North Atlantic storm on December 24, 1853.  In a report of 1854 Fort Adams was armed with 100 32-pounder seacoast guns, 57 24-pounder seacoast guns, and 43 24-pounder flank howitzers. The flank howitzers were short-barreled guns deployed in casemates in the tenaille to protect the fort against a landward assault.  From 1859 to 1863 the fort was in the care of Ordnance Sergeant Mark Wentworth Smith, a Mexican–American War veteran who was wounded at the Battle of Chapultepec. Sergeant Smith died in 1879 at the age of 76, the oldest active duty enlisted soldier in the history of the Army.

Civil War.

The War Department was concerned about the political sympathies of residents in Maryland during the American Civil War, so the United States Naval Academy was moved in 1861 from Annapolis to Fort Adams. In September 1861, the academy moved to the Atlantic House Hotel in Newport and remained there for the rest of the war.  Among the midshipmen assigned to the Naval Academy while it was at Fort Adams was Robley D. Evans who was wounded at Fort Fisher, North Carolina in 1865, commanded the battleship during the Spanish–American War, and later commanded the Great White Fleet on the first leg of its epic around the world voyage. Among Evans' classmates at Fort Adams were future Rear Admiral Charles Sigsbee, who commanded the battleship, and future Captain Charles Vernon Gridley who commanded the cruiser at the Battle of Manila Bay.  In 1862 Fort Adams became the headquarters and recruit depot for the 15th Infantry Regiment. This regiment, along with several others, was organized into a regiment of three eight-company battalions, with the 3rd Battalion formed at Fort Adams in March 1864.  From August to October 1863, Fort Adams was commanded by Brigadier General Robert Anderson, who had commanded Fort Sumter when it was attacked by Confederate forces in April 1861.

1870s upgrade.

As part of a major upgrade to US seacoast defenses, in the 1870s Fort Adams' armament was modernized with eleven 15-inch Rodman guns, thirteen 10-inch Rodman guns, and four 6.4-inch (100-pounder) Parrott rifles. Three new emplacements were built for the 15-inch guns; the remainder replaced older weapons in the fort, of which all but 20 32-pounders were removed by 1873. For mobile defense, four 4.5-inch siege rifles, four 3-inch Ordnance rifles, and four 10-inch mortars were provided. In 1894, four 8-inch converted rifles were added in a new battery south of the fort.

Twentieth century.

Endicott period.

As time went by, the fort's armament was upgraded to keep up with technological innovations. Major kinds of ordnance used at the fort included muzzle-loading cannon in the 19th century, rifled breech-loading artillery pieces in the early 20th century and anti-aircraft guns during and after World War II. The fort received significant armament, in the form of batteries to the south of the main fort, under the Endicott and Taft programs from 1896 through 1907. These were to defend the East Passage of Narragansett Bay in combination with the new Fort Wetherill in Jamestown, as part of the Coast Defenses of Narragansett Bay.  The Endicott and Taft period batteries at Fort Adams were:  Batteries Greene-Edgerton, Reilly, and Talbot were built 1896–1899 and were the first of these to be completed. Battery Greene-Edgerton included sixteen mortars, all of which were at first called Battery Greene, but the battery was divided into two groups of eight in 1906. Battery Talbot, one of a number of batteries added on the East Coast at the outbreak of the Spanish–American War in 1898, included two 4.72-inch Armstrong guns. One gun of Battery Talbot is preserved at Equality Park in Newport; another is at Fort Moultrie near Charleston, South Carolina and was in Westerly, Rhode Island circa 1920–1977. An unnamed battery of a single 8-inch M1888 gun on a converted 1870s carriage also existed briefly from 1898. In 1907 two additional batteries were completed, Battery Bankhead with three 6-inch Armstrong guns and Battery Belton with two 3-inch M1903 guns.  Battery Greene-Edgerton was named for General Nathanael Greene of the Revolutionary War and Lt. Colonel Wright P. Edgerton, a professor at West Point. Battery Reilly was named for Captain Henry J. Reilly, killed in the China Relief Expedition near Peking on 15 August 1900, who previously served at Fort Adams. Battery Talbot was named for Silas Talbot, an Army officer from Rhode Island in the Revolutionary War who later became a Navy officer and commanded USS "Constitution" 1799–1801. Battery Bankhead was named for Brevet Major General James Monroe Bankhead, who served in the War of 1812, Second Seminole War, and Mexican–American War. Battery Belton was named for Francis S. Belton, who served in the War of 1812 and the Mexican–American War.  In 1913 Battery Bankhead was disarmed and its three 6-inch guns sent to Hawaii.

World War I.

Thornton Wilder, author and playwright, whose 1973 novel "Theophilus North" is set in Newport, served a three-month enlistment in the Army's Coast Artillery Corps at Fort Adams during World War I. Wilder rose to the rank of corporal in the Army.  In World War I, Fort Adams served as the headquarters for the Coast Defenses of Narragansett Bay, as well as a training center in both world wars. The United States Army Coast Artillery Corps (CAC) was chosen to man all US heavy artillery in that war, as they were the only part of the Army with experience using big guns, along with a significant number of trained personnel. Four heavy artillery regiments and two heavy artillery brigade headquarters were organized at Fort Adams and served in France, with troops of Coast Defense Commands from Maine, Rhode Island, New York, and elsewhere as their cadre. These included two of the four US railway artillery regiments that saw action in that war (with French-made weapons) and their brigade headquarters. The railway gun units were designated the 52nd and 53rd Artillery Regiments (CAC) (originally the 7th and 8th Provisional Regiments), and the 30th Separate Artillery Brigade (Railway) (CAC) (originally the 1st Expeditionary Brigade). The 51st Artillery Regiment (CAC) (originally the 6th Provisional Regiment), 66th Artillery Regiment (CAC) and the 34th Artillery Brigade (CAC) were also organized at Fort Adams and sent to France, but only the 51st completed training in time to see action.  The two 10-inch guns of Battery Reilly were dismounted in 1917 for potential service as railway guns, but after considerable delay they were sent to Fort Warren near Boston in 1919 to replace guns removed from that fort. Eight of the sixteen mortars at Battery Greene-Edgerton were removed in 1918 for potential railway artillery service; this was also done as a forcewide program to improve the rate of fire due to overcrowding in the mortar pits during reloading.  Some sources state that Battery Talbot's guns were redeployed to Sachuest Point 1917–1919, a few miles from Fort Adams. However, Army records show that these guns came from Fort Strong in the Coast Defenses of Boston.  With World War I over, Battery Talbot was disarmed in 1919 and its guns sent to Newport and Westerly as memorials. At some time after the war three 3-inch M1917 anti-aircraft guns were deployed at the fort, supplemented by at least two mobile 3-inch guns (or possibly mobile 75 mm guns) on White truck or Ford Model T chassis. Battery Belton's two 3-inch guns were transferred to Fort Wetherill in 1925 to replace obsolescent M1902 guns there. This left the eight mortars of Battery Greene-Edgerton as Fort Adams' only armament.

World War II.

In the Second World War a peak strength of over 3,000 soldiers were assigned to the Harbor Defenses of Narragansett Bay. In September 1940 the 243rd Coast Artillery Regiment of the Rhode Island National Guard was mobilized and sent to Fort Adams to reinforce the Regular Army's 10th Coast Artillery Regiment. The two regiments garrisoned several coast defense forts and anti-aircraft installations under the Harbor Defenses of Narragansett Bay. During the war, Fort Adams and most of the other Endicott Period forts in Rhode Island were superseded by new defenses centered on Fort Church and Fort Greene and their guns were scrapped. However, the previous anti-aircraft guns at the fort were replaced by two 90 mm guns with several 40 mm guns and.50 caliber machine guns. An Anti-Motor Torpedo Boat Battery (AMTB 925), with two 90 mm guns on mobile mounts, was also at Fort Adams by December 1943. As the war progressed, the number of troops was gradually reduced to about 500 by the end of the war in 1945.

State Park.

In 1953, the Army transferred ownership of Fort Adams to the Navy, which still uses some of the grounds for family housing. In 1965, the fort, and most of the surrounding land, was given to the state of Rhode Island for use as Fort Adams State Park. In 1976, Fort Adams was declared a National Historic Landmark, in recognition for its distinctive military architecture, which includes features not found in other forts of the period. In 1994, the Fort Adams Trust was formed, which provides guided tours at the fort and oversees ongoing restoration work at the fort.  President Dwight D. Eisenhower lived at the former commanding officer's quarters (now called the Eisenhower House) during his summer vacations in Newport in 1958 and 1960.  From the early 1950s until the mid-1970s Fort Adams fell victim to neglect, the elements and vandalism.  Through the efforts of State Senator Eric O'D. Taylor, in the 1970s Fort Adams was cleaned up and open for tours and was used for the filming of the PBS television miniseries "The Scarlet Letter". The tour program was cancelled about 1980 due to budget cutbacks by the State of Rhode Island.  Since 1981, the Fort Adams grounds have been host to the Newport Jazz Festival, and the Newport Folk Festival.  In the early 1990s, Fort Adams was subjected to an environmental remediation program which made the fort safe for public access. About this time, the Fort Adams Trust was formed to oversee public programs and restoration of the fort.  In 1995 the Fort Adams Trust began giving tours at the fort from May to September. Since that time, the fort has had several areas of the fort restored as well as having its land defenses cleared of overgrowth.  In 2012, the park was the official venue for the America's Cup World Series in Newport.

Fort Adams is a former United States Army post in Newport, Rhode Island that was established on July 4, 1799 as a First System coastal fortification, named for President John Adams who was in office at the time. Its first commander was Captain John Henry who was later instrumental in starting the War of 1812. The current Fort Adams was built 1824–57 under the Third System of coastal forts; it is part of Fort Adams State Park today.

Le Fort Adams est un ancien poste de l'armée des États-Unis à Newport, Rhode Island, qui a été créé le 4 juillet 1799 au sein du premier système de fortification côtière, baptisé en référence au président John Adams, qui était à l'époque en exercice. Son premier commandant est le capitaine John Henry qui a par la suite contribué au démarrage de la guerre de 1812. Le fort Adams actuel a été construit entre 1824-57 en vertu du troisième système de forts côtiers ; il fait actuellement partie du parc de l'État du fort Adams.


History.

AFORD began as an underground political movement under Banda's dictatorship under the leadership of trade unionist and political activist Chakufwa Chihana. He led an underground political movement that aimed at democratic multi-party rule. He was the first person to openly challenge the system. Therefore, he is known as the 'father of Malawian democracy' for his role in ushering in multi-party rule in Malawi. Many would argue that AFORD was officially registered and active "...21.07.93." The AFORD or Alliance for Democracy is now a political party whose mission under the leadership of Chihana was to reconstruct the economy, attract investors, and improve Malawi's infrastructure. The AFORD was opposed to furthering the reign of the autocratic leader Banda and sought rather to promote the idea of true democracy. Under Chakufwa Chihana's influence, the AFORD political party began initially as a pressure group because political parties were illegal for some time under the dictatorial reign of Hastings Banda. Though Malawi is located in the southeastern portion of Africa, a majority of the AFORD's power is concentrated in the northernmost regions of Malawi. AFORD's support is concentrated in the northernmost parts of Malawi for many reasons, including the fact that trade union leader Chakufwa Chihana was born in the Mhuju village. The combination of the MCP attacking the national credibility of AFORD by branding Chihana as a regional advocator and the momentary restriction of Chihana to Rumphi also contributed to why AFORD ‘s political strength lay almost singularly in northern Malawi One of the problems AFORD encountered in an attempt to expand its 33 constituencies in 1933 was its inability to collect enough signatures for its parliamentary candidates nor did there seem to be any “...suitable and credible candidates to run its platform outside the northern region...”. Multiparty general elections began in 1993. After the legislative elections concluded in the years 1993-1994, multiparty elections likely occurred in Malawi during the month of May in the year 1994 after Muluzi's United Democratic Front prevailed against Banda's Malawi Congress Party. Chihana was able to secure roughly 18.9 percent of the vote for multi-party elections and roughly 36 seats, arguably the entire northern region, for the parliamentary elections. AFORD has not won any of the presidential elections that took place after the 1993 referendum. The AFORD party suffered a unilateral split when Chakufwa Chihana loss faith in Malawi's government after accusing it of corruption during his vice presidency in 2003-2004. Gowa Nyasula took up the role as AFORD's president in the 2004 race for the election which led to him shouldering the bulk of the funding for the party. Gowa Nyasula resigned his role as president of the AFORD which led to Godfrey Shawa being appointed by the party's politburo in 2013 Ultimately Mweinfumbo decided after the year 2014 to accept the request to contest Enoch Chihana for the role of party president in the elective national convention on December 17, 2018 in order to run in 2019 general elections as AFORD's candidate

Internal politics.

AFORD as a political party began to decline due to internal politics within the party. AFORD's influence slowly became increasingly isolated to the Northern Region.

Results of Elections 1994 - Present.

Of the 3,775,256 registered voters in Malawi, 562,862 votes were in favor of the AFORD party's candidate, Chakufwa Chihana (TRIPOD). AFORD managed to rank 3rd with 18.89 percent of the votes in the 1994 presidential election.  Of the 5,071,822 registered voters in Malawi, 2,106,790 votes were in favor of the AFORD party's candidate, Gwanda Chakuamba (TRIPOD). Gwanda Chakuamba represented the alliance between AFORD and the MCP political parties during the 1999 general elections (commonwealth). AFORD managed to rank 2nd with 45.17 percent of the votes, losing to Muluzi who won 52.38 percent of the votes in the 1999 presidential election  The AFORD party did not have any representation in the 2004 presidential election considering Chihana was led to pull out of the alliance established in 1997 between AFORD and the MCP in the year 2002. However, Chihana was permitted to be second vice-president of the Republic, while his colleagues were given ministerial positions ultimately leading to a split within the party in 2003. Some AFORD members branched off to begin the Movement for Genuine Democracy. During the general election of 2004, Chihana signed a coalition agreement on behalf of the AFORD party with the UDF political party of Malawi The number of seats won by the AFORD political party in Parliament also decreased substantially over time with 36 seats won in 1994, 29 seats won in 1999, and 6 seats won in 2004.  Of the 5,871,819 registered voters in Malawi, 20,150 votes were in favor of the AFORD party's candidate, Dindi Gowa Nyasula. AFORD managed to rank last losing to the DPP's candidate, Bingu wa Mutharika, in the 2009 presidential election by acquiring.45 percent of the votes in 2009. With the death of Chihana in 2006 and the results of the 2009 election, Joyce Banda is the 2009 vice president.  In the year of 2014 Malawi's first tripartite elections were held making it the first time Malawians were able to vote for their local governments, members of parliament and president in a single election (commonwealth). The AFORD's political support is divided between Enoch Chihana, the son of AFORD's founder Chakufwa Chihana, and Frank Mwenefumbo. Of the 7 470 806 registered voters in Malawi, the DPP's presidential candidate Bingu wa Mathrika won with little to no opposition from the AFORD party. Secretary-General Gridezer Jeffrey argued that AFORD has lacked political representation in the 2014 election and possibly the upcoming 2019 election because AFORD can be described as an outdated party whose political support is concentrated in the small northern population of Malawi. The AFORD political party has garnered more support in the years following the 2014 elections in the north specifically with Mwenifumbo as the head of the political party. Mwenifumbo's decision to join AFORD as opposed to the ruling party, DPP, was because “...he wanted to suffer together with Malawians...” led to a vow in 2017 to continue defending the welfare of Malawians in relation to the constitution  At the last general elections, 20 May 2004, the party won 6 out of 194 seats.

The Alliance for Democracy is a political party in Malawi that marked its history as laying the foundation for multi-party rule in Malawi. It began as an underground political movement during the Kamuzu Banda era and later evolved to a political party during the multi-party era under the leadership of trade union activist, Chakufwa Chihana. AFORD has a stronghold in the northern region. The president is Godfrey Shawa.

LAlliance for Democracy (AFORD, ) est un parti politique malawite qui marqua l'histoire comme ayant jeté les bases du multipartisme au Malawi. Il existe d'abord sous la forme d'un mouvement clandestin durant la présidence d'Hastings Banda, puis devient un parti politique au moment de l'instauration du multipartisme. Son fondateur et dirigeant historique est Chakufwa Chihana, qui est, à l'origine, un militant syndical. L'AFORD est particulièrement bien implantée dans la région nord du pays. Son président, en 2017, est Enoch Chihana.


Background and release.

Jessica originally signed with SM Entertainment in 2000. In 2007, she was chosen as a member of the group Girls' Generation. On September 30, 2014, Jessica announced on her personal Weibo account that she was "forced out" of the group, which was later confirmed by the record label itself. Jessica's final song with Girls' Generation is "Divine", which was released as a part of the repackaged version of their first Japanese greatest hits album, "The Best". On August 6, 2015, S.M. Entertainment released an official statement stating that Jessica had officially parted ways with the company.  In February 2016, Jessica announced that her first solo album would be released under her new agency, Coridel Entertainment. In April 2016, representatives announced that Jung would release her first album the following month in May. On April 30, Coridel Entertainment released the track list which included the title track "Fly" featuring American rapper Fabolous. Jung wrote and composed four out of the six tracks. The name of the extended play/mini album was revealed to be With Love, J.

Promotion.

The music video for the debut single, "Fly," was released on May 17, 2016. The music video for "Fly" amassed over 2 million views within 24 hours of its release. A video for the second single, "Love Me The Same," was released the following day on May 18, 2016.  The album was made available for pre-ordering by Coridel Entertainment via various online music services. The first 60,000 copies of the album had been sold out one day prior to the release date on May 16, 2016, leading the label to produce additional copies.

Reception.

Chester Chin from "The Star" rated the album 6/10. "The Straits Times" rated the album 2.5/5.

Track listing.

Note: The English version of the EP does not feature track 6 "Dear Diary".

With Love, J is the debut extended play by South Korea-based American singer Jessica. The Korean-language edition consisting of six songs was released worldwide by Coridel Entertainment on May 16, 2016, while an English-language version featuring five songs (with the exclusion of "Dear Diary") was released on May 27, 2016. The EP was Jessica's first music release following her departure from South Korean girl group Girls' Generation in September 2014. The songs "Fly" and "Love Me the Same" were released as the album's singles on May 16 and 18, 2016, respectively.

With Love, J est l'EP qui va marquer les débuts de la chanteuse sud-coréenne Jessica Jung. La version coréenne contient six pistes qui ont été publiées par Coridel Entertainment le, tandis que la version anglaise possédant cinq pistes a été publiée le. Cet EP a été la première musique sortie après le départ de Jessica Jung du groupe Girls' Generation en.


Birth and education.

James Frederick Sangala was born around 1900 at Naisi, near the town of Zomba in the highlands of what is now southern Malawi. Zomba was the residence of the colonial governor and the administrative center of the British Central Africa Protectorate, renamed Nyasaland in 1907. Sangala was a Mang'anja. His mother was a herbalist who specialized in treatment of trichomonas. Sangala was educated at Zomba Mission primary school and then at Blantyre Mission substation at Domasi. He qualified as a teacher in 1923 and taught primary school until 1927.

Working career.

In search of higher wages, Sangala obtained work with Limbe Trading Company in 1927, then as a cotton buyer with the British Cotton Growing Association (BGGA) and next as a bookkeeper for M.G. Dharap, an Indian businessman in Limbe. In March 1928 he started work for the African Lakes Corporation, and in May 1929 returned to the BGGA as an office manager.  Dissatisfied with the working conditions for Africans in businesses, Sangala joined the civil service in April 1930 as a clerk in the office of the Provincial Commissioner in Blantyre. He then worked for the Blantyre District Commissioner and the Blantyre District Medical Office until July 1942. His work involved typing and other forms of assistance to the commissioner. In July 1942, Sangala transferred to the Judicial Department of the civil service in Blantyre as an interpreter. He was moved to the Dedza District Office in 1944, in his view because of his political activities. In 1947 he returned to the Blantyre District Office, but retired in the early 1950s so he could spend more time on politics, receiving a small government pension and running a brick manufacturing business as his main source of income.

Native Associations.

The North Nyasa Native Association was formed in 1912, and was followed by several other such associations in the early part of the century, typically composed of the educated elite: teachers, church leaders and civil servants. The Native Associations sought to gain a voice in administrative, economic and other issues. They met some resistance from tribal leaders, but on the whole were encouraged by the colonial administrations. Their emphasis was regional or national rather than tribal. Meetings were often attended by representatives of other associations, helping them exchange views on issues and approaches. James Frederick Sangala in Blantyre and Levi Mumba in the rest of the country became leaders of the Native Association movement in Nyasaland during the 1930s. Sangala and Mumba both believed in the importance of Nyasa unity and in the virtues of democratic civil society.  During the 1930s, the white colonists of Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) and Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia) were pushing for unification, and wanted to include Nyasaland in the union, seeing Nyasaland as a useful source of labor that might otherwise be drawn to South Africa. Nyasas resisted this move since they regarded the Rhodesias as "White Man" territory, and preferred the trusteeship arrangement in Nyasaland under which they had greater rights. As early as 1935, the Blantyre Native Association led by Sangala called a meeting of leaders in the area where they were invited to sign a petition opposing amalgamation. When the colonial administration asked the chiefs for views on unification in 1938, the formal statement in reply was in fact composed by Mumba.

Nyasaland African Congress 1943 – 1953.

The Nyasaland Educated African Council emerged in 1943 from the leaders of the Native Associations, calling for a rapid movement towards self-government. A few months later the Council renamed itself the Nyasaland African Congress (NAC) at the urging of Sangala, who felt the movement should not be restricted to the educated elite. Sangala was acting secretary at the meeting in May 1944 at which the Congress was announced. He was unable to attend the formal inaugural meeting of the Congress in October 1944, at which Levi Zililo Mumba was elected President-General, since he had been transferred to Dedza in the Central province, but he was elected to the central committee. Sangala, Mumba and their associates had a vision of the NAC becoming "the mouthpiece of the Africans", cooperating with the government and other colonial bodies "in any matters necessary to speed up the progress of Nyasaland".  Sangala encouraged the Congress to "Fight for Freedom", although he was careful to explain to the colonial powers that he did not mean armed conflict by that phrase. Sangala explained to the District Commissioner, Eric Barnes, that he advocated peaceful protests against practices such as curfews and pass laws which treated Africans as a subordinate race. Sangala was not always consistent. In 1949 he accepted a position as a member of the protectorate's Boy Scouts Council. Although in theory open to all races, in practice this organization segregated European, Indian and African boys.  The NAC was intended to be an umbrella organization that would coordinate the Native Associations and other local organizations of indigenous people in the protectorate of Nyasaland. Sangala ensured that each of these groups would have a seat on the executive committee of the NAC. However, the organization was weak. When a special committee including Sangala recommended acceptance of Dr. Hastings Banda's proposal that the NAC should have a full-time paid secretary, the proposal was rejected overwhelmingly, perhaps due to suspicion of Banda's motives.  By 1950, the NAC had fallen into disarray, forcing the President Charles Matinga to resign for misusing Congress funds. Sangala threw his efforts into reviving the organization, leading to an important meeting in August 1950 in Mzimba where James Chinyama was elected president, with Sangala Vice-President. Until the early 1950s, Sangala and other leaders such as Doctor Hastings Banda assumed that Nyasaland should evolve towards self-government while remaining under the authority of the British Colonial Office. However, in 1953 the Colonial Office established the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland in which Europeans would retain a position of leadership, abandoning the earlier principles of partnership between the races. The NAC leaders saw this as a betrayal. Uncoordinated protests followed, which were forcefully suppressed, with an official death toll of eleven Africans. Sangala was arrested in September 1953, but was released the next month when the magistrate dismissed the charges.

Nyasaland African Congress President 1954 – 1956.

In January 1954 Sangala was elected President of the Congress. Although he continued to advocate civil disobedience, he also accepted the decision of two NAC members to run for election for the two seats reserved for Nyasas in the Federal Parliament. This ambiguous position was rejected by some members of the party, who were against any participation in the government. Some resigned or were dismissed. Others who remained in the party attempted a coup towards the end of 1955, calling for resignation of the two MPs and for the NAC to work for immediate secession from the federation and self-rule. Although the leaders of a coup attempt were forced to resign, they remained politically influential.  Sangala was conscientious in attending committee meetings, but was handicapped by the need to attend to his own business affairs, often unavailable to provide leadership or advice. In March 1956, Sangala announced that due to health reasons he would not run again for President of Congress. Sangala continued to press London to accept the principle of democratic elections to the Legislative Council, or Legco. Sangala asserted his right of freedom of movement and was arrested. He made sure this was reported in England. In May 1956, Sangala stood trial at the High Court for sedition. He was charged with having advised Thamar Dillon Thomas Banda, the secretary-general of the Congress, to hand a seditious publication to the editor of the Nyasaland Times. The charge was the subject of a question in the British House of Commons.  In January 1957, Sangala was persuaded to resign from his position as Nyasaland African Congress President, and was replaced by Thamar Dillon Thomas Banda. The NAC was banned by the colonial authorities in 1959, and was succeeded by the Malawi Congress Party (MCP), led from prison by Dr. Hastings Banda. The British came to accept that independence was inevitable. Hastings Banda was released in 1960 and allowed to return to prepare for elections. By then, Sangala and other members of the old guard of the Congress had faded into oblivion and were rarely heard of again. In 1961 the MCP overwhelmingly won the first elections held under universal suffrage, and in 1963 the country gained self governance followed by independence the next year with the new name of Malawi.  Sangala's grandson, Aaron Sangala, was appointed Minister of Internal Affairs and Public Security in the Cabinet of Malawi in May 2009.

Character.

Sangala was described by W.L. Jennings, the High Court Registrar in Blantyre, as a "peculiar" but "charming" man whose motto was "to struggle for the freedom and peace of all". Some critics said he was autocratic, but others thought he was too mild. He was not interested in publicity, and avoided conflict, preferring to work behind the scenes in organizing the party. But in a crisis, he was willing to stand forward. In an interview in August 1961 he said "My first duty was to do such things [that would]... cause people to be happy. Due to this aim I do not fear to speak to any person provided it is the truth and this always does not please my friends who suggest that I am a difficult person". Sangala was a strong believer in the virtues of dignity, and refused to accept common views within colonial society that the "natives" were in any way inferior to Whites.

References.

Sources

James Frederick Sangala was a founding member of the Nyasaland African Congress during the period of British colonial rule. Sangala was given the nickname "Pyagusi", which means "one who perseveres".

James Frederick Sangala est un homme politique malawite, fondateur du Nyasaland African Congress avec Levi Zililo Mumba, en 1943, à l'époque de l'Empire britannique. Il est surnommé "Pyagusi", « le persévérant ».


Career.

Amateur.

Scribner attended Sacred Heart University in Fairfield, Connecticut. In 2012, he briefly played collegiate summer baseball with the Falmouth Commodores of the Cape Cod Baseball League.

Houston Astros.

He was signed by the Houston Astros as an undrafted free agent in 2013. He spent three seasons in the Astros organization, getting as high as Double-A with the Corpus Christi Hooks in 2014.

Los Angeles Angels.

Prior to the 2016 season, he was traded to the Los Angeles Angels for cash considerations. Scribner started 2016 with the Arkansas Travelers, and was called up to the Salt Lake Bees on July 30. He started 2017 with the Bees, and was called up to the Angels on July 29, making his major league debut the same day. In his debut, Scribner pitched three innings in relief, allowing two runs on three hits and striking out two. Thanks to an Angels rally following his final inning of work, Scribner also was the winning pitcher for his debut game. For the season, Scribner appeared in 10 games, 4 starts for the Angels. He was 2–1 with a strikeout to walk ratio of 18/10.  Scribner was designated for assignment on April 3, 2018.

Arizona Diamondbacks.

He was claimed off waivers by the Arizona Diamondbacks on April 6. He was called up on May 12th for a start against the Washington Nationals. He walked 6 batters in under 4 innings, ending with a no decision. After the game, he was sent down to AAA. He was released by the Diamondbacks on July 2, 2018. On July 13, 2018, Scribner resigned a minor league deal with the Arizona Diamondbacks. He was released on May 7, 2019.

Sugar Land Skeeters.

On May 17, 2019, Scribner signed with the Sugar Land Skeeters of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. He became a free agent following the season.

Personal life.

His brother, Evan Scribner, played in the Majors, mainly for the Oakland Athletics.

Troy Alex Scribner (born July 2, 1991) is an American professional baseball pitcher who is a free agent. He has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Los Angeles Angels and Arizona Diamondbacks.

Troy Alex Scribner (né le à Washington, Connecticut, États-Unis) est un lanceur droitier des Angels de Los Angeles de la Ligue majeure de baseball.


Extractions.

Tree-sitters in trees claimed by Pacific Lumber in Humboldt County have been subject to forced removal by hired "extractors". The practice started with a single extractor in the late 1990s but in 2003 Pacific Lumber hired teams of climbers to remove dozens of tree-sitters, particularly in the Freshwater area East of Eureka, California.  Most of the extractions in Northern California are done under the leadership of Eric Schatz of Schatz Tree Service, a well known professional arborist.

List of tree sits.

Some of the more notable tree sittings include: In 2001, two men lived in the Eik Cedar (800 years old) in Tofino on Vancouver Island's west coast for 35 days during negotiations between the community, who wanted the tree saved, and the municipal council, plus the owner of the land adjacent to the cedar. Eventually, the tree was saved.

Tree villages.

A tree village is an extension of the tree sitting protest, involving several tree houses. The "Fern Gully" in Northern California lasted over 20 years, ending in 2008 with agreement not to fell the stand of old growth redwood trees.

Tree houses.

In the United Kingdom tree houses have sometimes been occupied for a year or longer. One treehouse, "BattleStar Galactica" at the Manchester International Airport, held 12 people. Such tree houses often have "lock-on" points for protesters to chain themselves to during evictions. Such tree houses have been used at Newbury bypass, Crystal Palace and Epsom.

Tree sitting is a form of environmentalist civil disobedience in which a protester sits in a tree, usually on a small platform built for the purpose, to protect it from being cut down (speculating that loggers will not endanger human lives by cutting an occupied tree). Supporters usually provide the tree sitters with food and other supplies.

Le tree sitting parfois traduit en français comme occupation d'arbres est une forme de manifestation qui consiste pour une personne à se positionner en hauteur sur un arbre, en général sur une petite plateforme construite à cet effet ou dans une cabane dans les arbres.


Production.

FOX renewed the show for a second production cycle consisting of thirteen episodes on April 7, 2011, and picked up the back nine on October 31, 2011, bringing the cycle to a total of 22 episodes. Only nine of the episodes aired during the second season, with the remaining 13 episodes being held for the third season of the show.  Like the previous season, the second season aired in the competitive timeslot at 8:30 p.m. on Sundays. The season premiere, "The Belchies", obtained 4.04 million viewers in the United States. The season finale, "Beefsquatch", obtained 3.57 million viewers in the United States, slightly down from the season premiere. All of these ratings are measured by Nielsen ratings.  "Bob's Burgers" ended its second season with a per episode average of 4.18 million total viewers and a 2.3 ratings share in the 18–49 demographic. The season was generally well received by television critics. Most agreed that the second season was a considerable improvement over the first season of the series, particularly "Moody Foodie", "Burgerboss", and "Bob Day Afternoon". Rowan Kaiser of "The A.V. Club" claimed that "after an uneven start, "Bob's Burgers" is becoming one of television’s best comedies!"  On May 7, 2013, Amazon.com released the season for purchase on "Burn-On-Demand DVD-R. The sole bonus feature is a table read of the season 3 episode An Indecent Thanksgiving Proposal.

Broadcast and reception.

Ratings.

The second season of "Bob's Burgers" originally premiered on March 11, 2012 in the United States on the Fox network between 8:30 p.m. and 9:00 p.m., with "The Belchies", and obtained 4.04 million viewers in the United States. They are all of episodes which are part of Fox's "Animation Domination" television block. It was preceded by "The Simpsons" at 8:00 p.m., and was followed by "Family Guy" at 9:00 p.m. Most of the episodes that are part of this season are rated TV-14 on television in the United States. The season finale, "Beefsquatch", obtained 3.57 million viewers in the United States.  Despite its middling ratings, "Bob's Burgers" was renewed for a third season, on May 14, 2012, alongside the cancellation of "Napoleon Dynamite".

Critical response.

The second season of "Bob's Burgers" was well received by television critics, particularly "Moody Foodie", "Burgerboss", and "Bob Day Afternoon". It received a "78 out of 100" on aggregate site Metacritic. Rowan Kaiser of "The A.V. Club" claimed that "after an uneven start, "Bob's Burgers" is becoming one of television's best comedies!". Alan Sepinwall of "HitFix" claimed that "the season's first two episodes aren't as consistently funny as last spring's best outings, but they do a good job of showcasing both the style of "Bob's Burgers" and the deep roster of characters the show has already assembled". Sepinwall claimed that it was "strange, and I often like strange in my comedy, but at least initially, I didn't find it funny. But it was compelling in its weirdness — one early episode had the family becoming obsessed with the cow a protest filmmaker had parked outside their restaurant — and that kept me watching until the rest of the show clicked for me". Maureen Ryan of "The Huffington Post" stated that "an animated comedy that is propelled by a very strong voice cast and by its own daffy comedic momentum", and compared it to "Breaking In". Chris Cabin of The "Slant Magazine" called the season "improbably poignant". Cabin also claimed that it "possesses an unmistakable love for underdogs and odd ducks". Clark Collis of "Entertainment Weekly" noted that "While the show's attempt to please different generations is sometimes more jarring than jocular, this episode does feature the best non sequitur gag you're ever likely to hear about the Parliament song "Aqua Boogie"".

International broadcast.

The season was first broadcast on the Global Television Network in Canada on March 11, 2012, between 8:30 p.m. and 9:00 p.m., as part of the "Animation Rules" comedy television block. It has the same schedule as the Fox network for the season. In the United Kingdom, the season premiered on May 1, 2012, at 10:30 p.m., on E4, (it is shown after the other FOX animated series, "The Cleveland Show").

Episodes.

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The second season of the animated sitcom "Bob's Burgers" began airing on Fox in the United States on, and concluded on. The season was produced by Wilo Productions and Buck & Millie Productions in association with 20th Century Fox Television, and is distributed by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment, along with its other seasons. Actors H. Jon Benjamin, John Roberts, Dan Mintz, Eugene Mirman and Kristen Schaal reprised their roles as Bob Belcher, Linda Belcher, Tina Belcher, Gene Belcher and Louise Belcher. These characters are all a part of the Belcher family, a nuclear family that runs a hamburger restaurant titled Bob's Burgers.

La deuxième saison de la série télévisée d'animation Bob's Burgers est diffusée aux États-Unis entre le et le sur la Fox. Elle comporte neuf épisodes.


Biography.

Early Years.

His father, Prince Rostislav Mstislavovich of Smolensk, died in 1240. Since his birth, Theodore was a Duke of Mozhaysk. In 1260 Theodore married Maria Vasilievna (born between 1243-1249), the daughter of Prince Basil of Yaroslavl. Contemporary research indicates, that her actual name was Anastasia, and only after the 16-17th centuries changed in fasti by mistake. Through marriage Theodore became prince of Yaroslavl, however, the actual power was concentrated in hands of Princess Xenia of Yaroslavl, Maria's mother. With this wife Theodore had two daughters and a son, Michael.

The Golden Horde.

Bored with his status, around 1266 Theodore left his family and on his own initiative went to Sarai, the capital of the Golden Horde. He became a loyal servant and military commander of Khan Mengu-Timur. Theodore the Black took part in Mungu-Timur invasion in Ossetia, in 1277-78 he headed the punitive campaign in the Volga Bulgaria. According to the historical documents, his troops sacked 40 cities and 600 villages with the peculiar ferocity.  Upon the successful campaign Mengu-Timur promoted Theodore to his butler and offered to marry one of his daughters. The fasti state, that Theodore rejected this offer, because he still had a wife in Yaroslavl. Three years later he received a message about Maria's death and came back to Yaroslavl, trying to regain the power. However, Xenia and the boyars refused to let enter the city, so he came back to the Horde.  Later Theodore married the daughter of the Nogai Khan, who was baptized and received the Christian name Anna. With the marriage Theodore received a huge dowry (according to the fasti, 36 towns) and rose to prominence in the Horde. He and Anna had two sons, David and Constantine. In 1290 Michael Theodorovich died in Yaroslavl, so Theodore the Black with his Jarlig from the Mongols returned in the city to rule.

The Prince of Yaroslavl.

Upon death of his brothers in 1278—1279, Theodore inherited the Principality of Smolensk. Presumably, in 1279—1281 he resided in Smolensk, then again moved to the Horde. Later he took part in the war between the sons of Alexander Nevsky, that ended with the destruction of many Russian towns by both the Mongols and the Russians.  In 1293 Theodore took part in Khan Dyuden war against the North-East Rus', in which 14 important towns were sacked by the Mongols.

Last Years.

In his last years Theodore the Black became a monk and died in Yaroslavl in 1299. He was canonized due to the depth of deathbed repentance.

Duke Theodore Rostislavich nicknamed Theodore the Black (b. in about 1230s – d. 1298), Феодор Ростиславич Чёрный (Чёрмный) or Fyodor the Black in Russian (Fyodor or Fedor being the Russian version of Theodore), is a saint of the Russian Orthodox Church and was a ruler of Smolensk and Yaroslavl. The alternative interpretation of his nickname is Theodore the Beautiful.

Fiodor le Noir ou Fiodor Rostislavitch le Noir, parfois appelé Fiodor le Beau (en ), né (vers 1240 ou en 1233?) à Smolensk et décédé en 1299 à Iaroslavl, est le troisième fils de Rostislav III de Kiev, prince de Kiev. C'est un saint orthodoxe canonisé en 1467 au sein de l'Église orthodoxe.


Plot.

The scene opens with Wile E Coyote saying, "Allow me to introduce myself. My name is Wile E. Coyote. Uh, I am a genius by trade." Wile E. then explains that he is hunting for the common western rabbit. Right next to Bugs Bunny's rabbit hole, Wile E. sets out a picnic blanket with cutlery and dishes, in an attempt to lure Bugs. Bugs does come out, sits across from Wile E. and, from the thermos the coyote has brought, pours some coffee into a cup, dips a carrot into it and proceeds to eat. When Bugs asks Wile E., "What's cookin'?", Wile E. responds, "Why, you are!" and succeeds in capturing Bugs by wrapping him up in the picnic blanket.  Next, Wile E. prepares to dip the sack (presumably with Bugs inside) into a cauldron. However, Bugs is hiding behind a rock and pretends to cry out in agony. Wile E. shortly realizes he's been tricked and goes to the rock to confront Bugs. Bugs kisses him and says, "Daddy! You're back from Peru! Oh Papa, we thought you'd been run over by an elevator!" Wile E. spits away the kisses and while sad violin music is playing, Bugs laments, "Boo-hoo! Oh boo-the-hoo! I've been rejected by my onliest father!" Wile E. tries to grab Bugs, but only succeeds in flying headfirst into the cauldron, causing Bugs to remark, "Oh, Father! You're stewed again!"  The next scene shows Wile E. reclining against a rock, talking to himself about how he's going to kill Bugs. Bugs sneaks over, reclines on the opposite side of the rock and joins in the conversation, rejecting the first two ideas (which involve either a rock-crusher or a Burmese tiger trap). Soon, Wile E. is actually discussing his plans with Bugs (not realizing it is him). When he mentions putting dynamite into a carrot, Bugs lets out a huge yell and Wile E. sails into the sky, landing on his head when he comes back down. "That'd "hurt"", Bugs tells him.  An attempt to shoot Bugs with a rifle fails as Bugs keeps turning the barrel in different directions and then replaces the end-sight so that Wile E. ends up (repeatedly) shooting himself. Wile E's final effort (involving a hand grenade being thrown down Bugs' hole) likewise ends up with him getting the worst of it, so that he finally says to Bugs, "How do you do? I am a vegetarian; my name is Mud," and then asks the audience, "Is there a doctor in the house?"  Bugs ends the cartoon declaring, "Well, like the man says: "'Don't take life too seriously- you'll never get out of it alive" '!"

Rabbit's Feat is an animated 1960 Warner Bros. "Looney Tunes" cartoon, directed by Chuck Jones and written by Michael Maltese. The short was released on June 4, 1960, and stars Bugs Bunny and Wile E. Coyote. As Maltese had left for Hanna-Barbera, his name was removed from the credits (although his name remained on the credits for "The Mouse on 57th Street" a year later).

Un lapin hors norme ("") est un cartoon réalisé par Chuck Jones, sorti en 1960. Il met en scène Bugs Bunny et Vil Coyote.


Music career.

Hip hop beginnings.

Jazz founded The Soul Food Cafe System as a DJ in 1984, having discovered hip hop a year earlier. He first aired the sound as a DJ calling it "In the Soul Kitchen with DJ Maxi Jazz" on pirate radio station Reach FM London in 1985/6. He transferred this sound to pirate radio station LWR in 1987.  In 1989, The Soul Food Cafe Band was picked up by Tam Tam Records, which is the dance wing of Savage Records. Jazz founded Namu Records in 1992 in order to release the band's material in the form of three EP's and the band toured as a support act to various artists, including Jamiroquai in Amsterdam; Soul II Soul in Barcelona; Galliano in Switzerland; and Jason Rebello in Brazil. In 1996, Maxi Jazz and the Soul Food Cafe recorded and released the album "Original Groovejuice vol.1" with Revco Records in Deptford, South London. After the band dissolved, Jazz worked throughout Europe, and took time out to collaborate with Jah Wobble on the "Invaders of the Heart" album, followed by live dates with the Wobble Collective.

Faithless.

Jazz met Rollo Armstrong in a studio and went on to form Faithless, together with Jamie Catto and Sister Bliss. As a Soka Gakkai Buddhist, his strong beliefs and the band's own strong individual beliefs, contrast with the name 'Faithless', which was chosen during the writing of the song "Salva Mea". Armstrong had asked Jazz to write a song about frustration, which was something to which Jazz could relate from his own experiences. The subject matter of Jazz's lyrics range from upbeat to melancholic. His work covers a range of personal and social issues, including current affairs and social commentary.  In 2006, Jazz provided the vocals for the hit Tiësto track "Dance4life". He also sang alongside Robbie Williams on the single "My Culture" from the collaborative album "1 Giant Leap".  Jazz celebrated his 50th birthday on 15 June 2007 in Hyde Park, London by headlining that year's O2 Wireless Festival. In the encore, he was greeted by thousands of fans wishing him happy birthday.

Maxi Jazz & The E-Type Boys.

In 2015, he began fronting a newly assembled band of musicians named Maxi Jazz & The E-Type Boys. Jazz provides lead vocals and also plays guitar in the band. They have made a number of festival appearances, including some at the same events at which Faithless are billed.

Cars and racing.

Jazz is very fond of cars and his collection was featured on Sky One's "Vroom Vroom" motoring show. He owns a Subaru Impreza P1, a Ford Escort Mk2 RS2000, a Ford Fiesta Zetec S, a Ford Sierra Cosworth and a Marcos LM500 R. He also owns a Nissan 350Z, which is referenced in the 2010 Faithless song "Flyin' Hi".  Jazz founded Maxi Jazz Racing in 2000 when he asked Rae Claydon to enter him in the Ford Fiesta Championship for the 2000 season, but was only able to race occasionally due to his musical obligations.  On Sunday 9 December 2001, Jazz was involved in a serious car accident, causing several of Faithless's UK tour dates to be postponed. In 2005, he raced a Ginetta, and in 2006 and 2007 a Porsche 997 GT3 Cup in the Porsche Carrera Cup GB.

Personal life.

He lives in West Norwood, in the London Borough of Lambeth. A Nichiren Buddhist and member of Soka Gakkai International, he has advocated the work of the Burma Campaign UK.  A lifelong supporter of Crystal Palace F.C., in September 2012 he became an associate director of the club.  In 2011, a portrait of Jazz was painted by British artist Joe Simpson; the painting was exhibited around the UK, including a solo exhibition at the Royal Albert Hall. The portrait was shortlisted for the 2011 BP Portrait Award and exhibited at The National Portrait Gallery.

Maxwell Fraser (born 14 June 1957 in Brixton, London), better known by his stage name Maxi Jazz, is an English musician, rapper, singer-songwriter and DJ. He is best known as the lead vocalist of British band Faithless.

Maxi Jazz (né Maxwell Fraser le ) est un musicien et chanteur britannique. Il est le leader vocal du groupe Faithless depuis 1995.