Career.

Ward has a master's degree in Education and International Development from Newcastle University, graduating from an adult learning course in 2012. Before being elected as an MEP, she was part of an international delegation to Belfast to discuss the role of the arts in peace processes and also ran a social enterprise.  In 2016 she wrote that Turkey was "becoming a fascist state".  Ward organises events for One Billion Rising, campaigns against violence against women, and is an opponent of Brexit. In 2018 she joined in launching a campaign group, "Left against Brexit", seeking to change the Labour Party's position to supporting membership of the EU.

European Parliament.

Ward was third on the Labour Party list for the European Parliament in the 2014 elections to the European Parliament and was elected with Labour taking a third seat from the Lib Dems in the North West England region. At the 2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom, Ward was second on the Labour party list for the North West, after Theresa Griffin, and both were elected, while the third Labour seat was lost, with the party's vote falling from 33.9 to 21.9 per cent.

Committee and delegations memberships.

As of 2014, Ward was a member of one Committee of the European Parliament, the Committee on Culture and Education, and also of one Delegation, that on International relations with Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Kosovo. She was also a substitute member for the Committee on Regional Development, the Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality, and the Delegation to the ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly, meaning that she could take the place of another socialist group member on occasions.

Julie Carolyn Ward (born 7 March 1957) is a British politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament for the North West England region for the Labour Party from 2014 to 2020.

Julie Ward, née le à Ripon, est une femme politique britannique, membre du Parti travailliste. Elle est députée européenne depuis 2014.


Early years, education and early career.

Askins was born in Belfast, Tennessee in 1939. She began her career as a teacher. After her two children entered school, Askins returned to college to complete her bachelor's degree in chemistry and earn her master's degree in chemistry. She joined NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in 1975.

Research career.

Askins is a physical chemist who worked for NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center and is best known for her pioneering invention of a process in which "images on developed photographic emulsions can be significantly intensified by making the image silver radioactive and exposing a second emulsion to this radiation." The resulting print, known as an autoradiograph, reproduces the image with significant increases in density and contrast. Her groundbreaking method enhanced underexposed emulsions and increased the limits of photographic detection. In short, it made visible the invisible in photos that would otherwise have been useless. This was very useful for a number of applications, including the coaxing of data from underexposed space images—such as those peering deep into space as well as those highlighting the geology of other bodies in our solar system.  Askins' invention also led to significant advances in the field of medical technology. In particular, Askins' method prompted improvements in the development of X-ray images. Medical images that were 96 percent underexposed suddenly become readable; this meant that doctors could dramatically decrease the amount of X-ray radiation they gave to patients when running routine or emergency tests. Askins' process was also later used in the restoration of old photographs. Askins patented her invention in 1978 (U.S. patent No. 4,101,780), and NASA employed it extensively for its research and development work.

Awards and professional memberships.

In 1978, the Association for Advancement of Inventions and Innovations named Askins the National Inventor of the Year. She was the first individual woman to earn this honor.  Askins is a member of the American Chemical Society, the Sigma Xi honorary research Society, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the World Future Society.

Barbara S. Askins (born 1939) is an American chemist. She is best known for her invention of a method to enhance underexposed photographic negatives. This development was used extensively by NASA and the medical industry, and it earned Askins the title of National Inventor of the Year in 1978.

Barbara S. Askins (née en 1939) est une chimiste américaine. Elle est surtout connue pour avoir inventé une méthode permettant d'optimiser les films photographiques sous-exposés. Cette innovation a grandement été utilisée par la NASA ainsi que l'industrie médicale. Elle a valu à Askins le titre d'inventeur de l'année 1978.


Career.

Wigan Athletic.

Born in Birkenhead, Merseyside, Mustoe started his career as a youth player at Liverpool, but was not retained. He then joined Wigan Athletic, and signed his first professional contract with the club in 2009.  He made his first-team debut, coming on as a substitute, in an FA Cup match against Hull City on 8 January 2011, which Wigan won 3-2. After the match, Manager Roberto Martínez spoke out about their debut performances. made his first start for Wigan in another FA Cup match against Swindon Town on 7 January 2012. After the match, Mustoe expressed his mixed emotions to make his first start and the results.  In July 2013, the club opted to take up their option of a contract extension on Mustoe to stay for another season. However, after five years at the club, Mustoe was among five players to be released when their contract expired at the end of the 2013-14 season.

Loan moves.

On 30 January 2012, he joined Barnet on loan for the rest of the season. He made his debut on 7 February, in a 1–0 defeat to Swindon. On the last game of the season against Burton Albion, Mustoe provided assist for Mark Byrne to score the opening goal in the 6th minute. Barnet would go on to win the game 2–1, thus maintaining their Football League status. Mustoe went on to make eighteen appearance for the club and returned to his parent club.  He signed on loan for Morecambe on 8 October 2012. He scored on his debut 2 days later, a 4–2 defeat to Preston North End in the second round of the Football League Trophy. His loan finished on 12 November after the 4–1 defeat of his former club, Barnet. The loan was extended on 20 November, allowing for Mustoe to remain on loan until 1 January 2013. Mustoe made fourteen appearance for the club before returning to his parent club on 2 January 2013.  On 21 February 2013, it was announced that Mustoe was to sign for Carlisle United on loan until the end of the 2012-13 season. Mustoe made his league debut for the club two days later, playing as a left-back, in a 1-1 draw against MK Dons. Mustoe then scored his first goal for the club, in a 2-1 win over Oldham Athletic on 6 April 2013 and then provided assist for Liam Noble in the next game, in a 2-0 win over Donacaster Rovers. He made a total of 14 appearances during his time at Brunton Park, scoring one goal.  On 1 October 2013, Mustoe joined League Two side Bury on a month's loan. Mustoe made his debut four days later, on 5 October 2013, playing as a left-back, in a 0-0 draw against Newport County. After making six appearance, it announced that Mustoe returned to Wigan.  On 17 January 2014, Mustoe joined Wycombe Wanderers on a one-month loan deal. Mustoe made his Wycombe Wanderers debut on 25 January 2014, playing as a left-back position, in a 2-2 draw against Mansfield Town. Mustoe went on to make three more appearance before returning to his parent club on 18 February 2014.  On 27 March 2014, Mustoe joined League Two side Morecambe on loan until the end of the 2013–14 season. Mustoe then re-debut for the club on 5 April 2014, coming on as a substitute in a late minutes, as Morecambe loss 1-0 against Mansfield Town. After making five appearance for the club.

Accrington Stanley.

After being released by Wigan, it announced on 11 August 2014 that Mustoe joined Accrington Stanley on a short-term contract, having previously played in the pre-season friendly. Five days later after signing for the club, Mustoe made his Accrrington Stanley debut, playing as a left midfield position, in a 2-1 loss against Cheltenham Town. However, Mustoe was released by the club despite being in the first team regular with four appearance.

Westerlo.

After three months without a club, Mustoe moved abroad for the first time by joining Belgian Pro League side Westerlo on a one-year contract with option to extend.  Mustoe made his Westerlo debut two days later, playing in the left-back position, in a 1-1 draw against Standard Liège. But then, Mustoe was then sent-off after a foul on Thomas Foket, in a 2-1 loss against Gent on 7 February 2015 and was banned for two match. Mustoe then provided assist for Mohammed Aoulad, in a 3-0 win over Oostende on 28 February 2015. On 25 March 2015, Mustoe signed a contract extension for one season.  On 18 July 2017 played for Grimsby Town on trial in a friendly against Bideford.

SJK.

On 22 December 2017, Mustoe signed a one-year contract with Finnish Veikkausliiga club Seinäjoen Jalkapallokerho.

Dinamo București.

On 15 January 2019, Mustoe joined Liga I side Dinamo București. His time in Romania was brief as he was released on 26 March 2019 after only making 3 appearances for the club.

Al-Nasr.

On 13 September 2019, Mustoe joined Oman Professional League side Al-Nasr for the 2019-20 season.

Jordan David Mustoe (born 28 January 1991) is an English footballer who plays as a left back for Oman Professional League side Al-Nasr.

Jordan Mustoe, né le à Birkenhead en Angleterre, est un footballeur anglais. Il évolue actuellement au Dinamo Bucarest au poste d'arrière latéral gauche.


History.

The first version of KaOS was released as "KdeOS" in 2013. To prevent confusion between the distribution's name and the desktop environment KDE, the name was changed to "KaOS" in September 2013.

Features.

KaOS is distributed via a ISO image, and exclusively supports 64-bit processors.  The idea behind KaOS is to create a tightly integrated rolling and transparent distribution for the modern desktop, build from scratch with a very specific focus. Focus on one DE (KDE Plasma), one toolkit (Qt), one architecture (x86_64) plus a focus on evaluating and selecting the most suitable tools and applications.

Receptions.

Phoronix wrote in 2016, "Overall, I was quite pleased with it for being a niche distribution. KaOS was easy to install and was quickly running on a bleeding-edge KDE Plasma 5 stack. Overall, it was a fun and pleasant few hours spent with KaOS.  FossMint stated in 2017, that KaOS "is a modern, open-source, beautifully designed, QT and KDE-focused Linux distro. It is a rolling release that ships with KDE Plasma as its default Desktop Environment, uses Pacman as its package manager, and has a 3-group structure repository on GitHub." and "The fact that it is a rolling release means that you will never need to worry about future updates the moment you have a version installed like in the case of Ubuntu and the like where you would need to consider whether to perform a clean installation of another “major version” or not."  Hectic Geek reviewed KaOS in 2014, and wrote that the distribution was not very fast, but included all necessary applications.  Jesse Smith from DistroWatch Weekly wrote a review of KaOS 2014.04. Smith said the features of KaOS worked well.  Robert Rijkhoff reviewed KaOS 2017.09 for DistroWatch Weekly, and he said that "KaOS seems to be trying a little bit hard to be different".  ZDNet wrote a hands-on review about KaOS 2014.06:  Dedoimedo reviewed KaOS 2014.12:  Jack Wallen from Linux.com stated his opinion about KaOS in 2016, and said that the distribution is beautiful.

KaOS is a Linux distribution that is built from scratch with a very specific focus on Qt and KDE. Although KaOS is currently based on the Linux kernel, the developers are "constantly evaluating" the illumos kernel, and say that "a future switch is a wish".

KaOS est une distribution Linux se voulant indépendante des autres, de par sa conception et sa philosophie. Elle se base sur l’environnement de bureau KDE, le "framework" Qt et le gestionnaire de paquets Pacman.


Championnat d'Écosse de football 2016-2017

Teams.

The following teams have changed division since the 2015–16 season.

To Premiership.

Promoted from Scottish Championship

From Premiership.

Relegated to Scottish Championship

Managerial changes.

a.

Format.

In the initial phase of the season, each of the twelve teams play the other eleven teams three times. After 33 rounds, the league splits into two sections, a top six and a bottom six, with each team playing all the other teams in their section once. The league attempts to balance the fixture list so that teams in the same section have played each other twice at home and twice away, but sometimes this is impossible. A total of 228 matches will be played, with 38 matches played by each team.

League summary.

Positions by round.

The table lists the positions of teams after each week of matches. In order to preserve chronological progress, any postponed matches are not included in the round at which they were originally scheduled, but added to the full round they were played immediately afterwards. For example, if a match is scheduled for matchday 13, but then postponed and played between days 16 and 17, it will be added to the standings for day 16.

Results.

Matches 1–22.

Teams play each other twice, once at home and once away.

Matches 23–33.

Teams play every other team once (either at home or away).

Matches 34–38.

After 33 matches, the league splits into two sections of six teams i.e. the top six and the bottom six, with the teams playing every other team in their section once (either at home or away). The exact matches are determined by the position of the teams in the league table at the time of the split.

Premiership play-offs.

The quarter-final was contested between the 3rd and 4th placed teams (Dundee United and Greenock Morton) in the Scottish Championship. After defeating Greenock Morton 5–1 over two legs, Dundee United advanced to the semi-finals to face the 2nd placed team (Falkirk) in the Championship. Dundee United progressed to the play-off final following a 4–3 aggregate victory, but then lost 1–0 on aggregate to Hamilton Academical in the final. Hamilton therefore retained their place in the Premiership for the 2017–18 season.

Attendances.

These are the average attendances of the teams.

The 2016–17 Scottish Premiership (known as the Ladbrokes Premiership for sponsorship reasons) was the fourth season of the Scottish Premiership, the highest division of Scottish football. The fixtures were published on 17 June 2016. The season began on 6 August 2016. Celtic were the defending champions. This season marked the return of Rangers to the top division of Scottish football, four years after their liquidation process.

La du championnat d'Écosse de football est la quatrième sous l'appellation Scottish Premiership. Elle oppose les douze meilleurs clubs d'Écosse en une série de trente-huit journées : les équipes s'affrontent à trois reprises de la à la, puis le championnat se scinde en deux poules pour les 5 journées restantes.


Early life.

Henry was born in Brooklyn, New York, where he was playing both the piano and B3 organ at just two years old. He played a show at the Apollo Theater when he was six.

Music career.

His musical touring began in 2006, and he has since toured with many mainstream artists, including Bruce Springsteen, Michael McDonald, P. Diddy, Boyz II Men, Kenny Garrett, and The Roots, and gospel artists, among them Israel Houghton, Donnie McClurkin, Kirk Franklin, and Yolanda Adams.  He released his album "First Steps" on July 21, 2014, with Wild Willis Jones Records. The album charted on the "Billboard" charts and placed on the Top Jazz Albums and Top Heatseekers Albums, peaking at numbers five and 30, respectively. His second album, a live recording, "The Revival", was released on March 18, 2016, by GroundUp Music. The album charted on the Top Gospel Albums and Top Jazz Albums, where it peaked at number five and number two respectively.  On April 13, 2018, Cory released his debut single "Trade It All" with his band The Funk Apostles. Three months later, on July 13, 2018, Cory released "Art of Love", his first album with The Funk Apostles.  On October 15, 2019, Cory spent time with the students at Brown University as part of the Brown Arts Initiative. As part of a weekly songwriting workshop, Cory shared his experience/history with jazz music and followed up by critiquing the original songs of many students in attendance.

Cory Alexander Henry (born February 27, 1987) is an American R&B/Soul singer-songwriter, pianist, organist, and music producer. Being a former member of Snarky Puppy, Cory launched his solo artist career with "Art of Love," his first independent release.

Cory Henry, né le dans l'arrondissement de Brooklyn, à New York, est un organiste, pianiste, chanteur et réalisateur artistique de jazz-funk, de gospel et de jazz américain.


Plot.

In the Stone Age, ancient counterparts of the Simpsons portray "The Invention of Motherhood" as Marge tries to keep Homer, Bart, Lisa and Maggie under control.  Moving to the present day, the same things are happening at the Simpson house, and Marge tries to convince Homer to do his chores. In the garage, Lisa finds a rare Morgan car, left by the previous owner of the house and Homer decides to keep it.  In bed later, Marge confesses that she's not happy with her life. Homer seizes an opportunity to cheer her up when he sells Jay Leno his newly found car, and has the money for a trip. However, Leno soon returns and wants his money back, claiming the car wasn't registered to Homer and the police impounded it. Unfortunately, Marge has already decided on a trip to Paris and is very happy. To avoid disappointing her, Homer asks a travel agent if he can get the family to Paris at no cost. The agent offers to have Homer smuggle a package, which he must not to open. On the plane, he opens it, finding a blue snake. Lisa finds out it's a rare endangered species. Homer promises not to let anything bad happen to it, while Lisa promises to help him preserve his marriage. Upon delivering the briefcase at the airport, they find out that the snake would be turned into a belt. Homer and Lisa manage to evade the snake's buyers.  Later, Marge, Bart and Maggie are enjoying a Parisian restaurant, but when Marge finds out about the degree of animal cruelty involved, she asks Bart to dump her pâté in an alley. After putting down the plate, Bart finds out the alley is filled with starving paper-thin models for Paris Fashion Week. Bart proceeds to prank them by making them chase a hot dog on stage, where they get sucked up. Later, when Homer and Lisa try to set the snake free in the gardens of the Louvre, the buyers find them. They chase them to the rue des Lombards, where Homer and Lisa hide in one of the three main jazz clubs, leaving the briefcase behind near a statue. While there, Lisa plays the saxophone when the lead saxophonist collapses. Later in the evening, Homer and Marge go on a stroll and enjoy Paris. Homer confesses to Marge about the snake, retrieving it from the statue, and that he did it to make her happy. They spot the buyers near the river and make a run for it. However, back at the hotel, they are arrested by the police (French Wiggum, Eddie and Lou counterparts) after the contractors called them and having been informed of both Bart's and Lisa's shenanigans. The police search the briefcase and the entire room but find nothing and free the family. After everybody leaves, the snake comes out of its hiding spot in Marge's hair and the family later goes to set the snake free.  The episode ends back at Moe's Tavern, where Homer gives Lenny, Carl and Moe gifts from the trip, Moe's gift being a synthetic snakeskin belt. The episode shifts back to the Stone Age, showing a prehistoric Matt Groening drawing and signing the drawing of the scene at Moe's.

Reception.

"To Courier with Love" received a 1.1 rating and was watched by 2.52 million viewers, making it the second most watched show on Fox that night.  Dennis Perkins of "The A.V. Club" gave the episode a B stating, "Sounds like a suitably silly setup for a Simpson family trip to the City of Light, and 'To Courier With Love' succeeds for the most part by sticking with the ordinary extraordinariness of how the Simpsons live their lives. 'There’s something truly amazing about you Dad, everything’s an adventure,' says Lisa admiringly after, in the episode’s adventure before the adventure proper, Homer discovers a rare and valuable old three-wheel car under a tarp in the Simpsons garage."

"To Courier with Love" is the twentieth episode of the twenty-seventh season of the animated television series "The Simpsons", and the 594th episode of the series overall. It aired in the United States on Fox on May 8, 2016.

Souvenirs de Paris est le vingtième épisode de la vingt-septième saison de la série télévisée "Les Simpson" et le de la série. Il est sorti en première sur le réseau Fox le.


Mission.

DART was launched on a Pegasus rocket into a polar circular parking orbit of and has International Designator 2005-014-A. The craft is and weighs. The maneuvering system comprised 16 nitrogen-fueled thrusters with three hydrazine-fueled thrusters and a reaction control system including six nitrogen-fueled thrusters from the Pegasus fourth stage, which forms an integral part of the craft. The target spacecraft was an OSC MUBLCOM (Multiple-Path Beyond-Line-of-Sight Communications) prototype communications relay satellite weighing approximately launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base on 18 May 1999 with International Designator 1999-026-B.  After launch, DART successfully achieved orbit and within hours made a rendezvous with the target satellite. The automated systems aboard DART successfully acquired the target and began autonomously approaching it. During proximity operations, multiple malfunctions in navigation, propellant management and collision avoidance programming led to a soft collision with the target and premature destruction and retirement of the DART spacecraft.  DART had no capability for interactive piloting from the ground or for uploading new programming after launch, thus all on-orbit operations were directed by DART itself based upon pre-programmed criteria.  The launch occurred on April 15, 2005.

Objectives.

Automatic orbital transfer maneuvers.

The craft autonomously navigated via a series of orbit transfer maneuvers to reach the target satellite. No navigational information was relayed to the vehicle after launch; it navigated autonomously and with GPS.

Proximity operations with AVGS.

Once the spacecraft had navigated to the target satellite, it was to have performed a series of proximity maneuvers. The maneuvers would have demonstrated the capabilities of the AVGS (Advanced Video Guidance Sensor). It was planned to demonstrate station keeping, docking axis approach, circumnavigation, and a collision avoidance maneuver. DART would have then departed the vicinity and retired to a final orbit. The entire sequence was to have been accomplished under autonomous control.

Mishap investigation board.

NASA convened a mishap investigation board to determine the reason for the DART spacecraft anomaly. First reports pointed to the spacecraft running out of fuel before concluding its mission.  On April 14, 2006 NASA announced that they would not release the investigation's report, citing that the report includes details protected by the International Traffic in Arms Regulations.  On May 15, 2006 NASA released a public summary of the DART mishap investigation board report (NASA press release). NASA revealed that a critical navigation failure occurred when the DART and MUBLCOM spacecraft were about 200 meters apart, which precluded the full activation of the AVGS and allowed DART to approach MUBLCOM without accurate ranging information. A later failure of the collision avoidance system, which was relying upon inaccurate position and velocity information, allowed DART to ultimately collide with MUBLCOM at a relative speed of approximately 1.5 meters per second. Both spacecraft survived the collision without apparent damage. Throughout the autonomous proximity operations, DART used its limited propellant faster than anticipated, which caused "a premature end to the mission" 3 minutes 49 seconds after the collision. DART initiated its retirement programming, removed itself from the vicinity of MUBLCOM, and prepared for deorbit. After the collision, MUBLCOM "regained its operational status after an automatic system reset".  The DART Mishap Investigation Board determined that only 11 of the 27 defined mission objectives were partially or fully met, all of which related to the launch, early orbit, rendezvous, departure, and retirement phases. None of the 14 objectives related to the proximity operations phase were met.  As of May 2006, DART remained in polar orbit of about until re-entry in 2016, and MUBLCOM remains in a polar orbit of.

Current status.

NASA's DART satellite, which carried out an unsuccessful automated rendezvous test in 2005, reentered about 0832 UTC May 7 2016 over the S Pacific.

DART, or Demonstration for Autonomous Rendezvous Technology, was a NASA sponsored project with the goal to develop and demonstrate an automated navigation and rendezvous capability in a NASA spacecraft. At the time of the DART mission, only the Russian Space Agency and JAXA (formerly NASDA) had autonomous space craft navigation. Orbital Sciences Corporation (OSC) was the prime contractor for construction, launch and operation of the DART vehicle with a project cost of $95 million US(2005). The contract was awarded in June 2001 and the spacecraft was launched on April 15, 2005. The mission ended prematurely, very shortly after an anomalous slow-velocity collision with its target spacecraft, having completed less than half of the original mission autonomous rendezvous objectives.

DART acronyme de "Demonstration for Autonomous Rendezvous Technology" (en anglais "Démonstrateur de technologie de rendez-vous automatique") est un satellite expérimental de l'agence spatiale américaine, la NASA, lancé en 2005 dont l'objectif était de tester des équipements permettant un rendez-vous spatial entre deux engins spatiaux sans intervention humaine. La démonstration a été un échec.


Design and development.

The Gyron was Halford's first axial-flow design, a complete departure from his earlier centrifugal-flow engines based on Whittle-like designs, the Goblin (H-1) and Ghost (H-2). The Gyron was also one of the first engines designed specifically for supersonic flight.  The Gyron first ran in 1953. Flight testing started in 1955 on a modified Short Sperrin, a bomber design that was instead turned into an experimental aircraft. The Sperrin used four Rolls-Royce Avons, mounted in over/under pairs in a single pod on each wing. For testing, the lower Avons were replaced with the much larger Gyrons. Flight rating was. In 1955 the DGy.1 received an official rating of. Addition of a reheat section boosted output to and then in the DGy.2  The Gyron was selected for a number of projects, most notably the Hawker P.1121 (sometimes referred to as the Hurricane) supersonic attack aircraft that was to have been the replacement for the Hawker Hunter. However, this project was eventually cancelled. Another design potentially based on the Gyron was the Operational Requirement F.155 interceptor, which optionally used the Rolls-Royce RB.106. F.155 was also cancelled, part of the 1957 Defence White Paper. Government financial support of the Gyron project itself was cancelled in March 1957, at a reported total cost of £3.4 million.

Engines on display.

An example of the Gyron is held by the Science Museum (London), another is on public display at the de Havilland Aircraft Heritage Centre, St Albans.

The de Havilland PS.23 or PS.52 Gyron, originally the Halford H-4, was Frank Halford's last turbojet design while working for de Havilland. Intended to outpower any design then under construction, the Gyron was the most powerful engine of its era, producing "dry", and with afterburner ("reheat" in British terminology). The design proved too powerful for contemporary aircraft designs and saw no production use. It was later scaled down to 45% of its original size to produce the de Havilland Gyron Junior, which was somewhat more successful.

Le De Havilland PS.23 ou PS.52 Gyron, initialement connu sous la désignation Halford H-4, fut le dernier turboréacteur conçu par Frank Halford quand il travaillait pour De Havilland. Conçu pour surpasser tout ce qui pouvait alors exister ou être en construction, le "Gyron" fut le moteur le plus puissant de son époque, produisant une poussée de à sec et avec la postcombustion allumée (que les Britanniques désignent plutôt « réchauffe »). Ce moteur était toutefois beaucoup trop gros pour pouvoir être réellement utilisé à l'intérieur d'un avion, et il ne fut jamais produit en série. Il fut cependant conçu plus tard un modèle réduit de ce moteur, le "Gyron Junior", qui ne représentait que 45 % du moteur original, et qui connût un succès bien plus important.


Issues in film adaptations.

Robert Irvine, a British scholar, wrote that the works of Austen remain a popular source for film makers, who eschew Austen's narrator, rendering a true adaptation impossible. Austen's use of free indirect discourse, where the thoughts of the characters are summarized by the narrator, is generally not followed in the films. It is for this reason that many Austen scholars dislike the 1995 version of "Sense and Sensibility" because the absence of a narrator 'glorifies the romantic conventions that Austen deflates'. Likewise, for this reason, many Austen scholars approve of "Clueless", an adaptation of "Emma" set in a high school in Beverly Hills circa 1995, as the character of Cher Horowitz (the film's version of Emma Woodhouse) narrates several scenes. This is seen as the closest approximation of Austen's style in cinema yet done.  Irvine commented that because cinema and books are different media, the best way of resolving this problem was and is for filmmakers to concentrate on the main strength of cinema, namely its visuality, as cinema can depict what the books can only ask the reader to imagine. A recurring image in Austen films is that of women gazing through a window to the outside world, or walking in the countryside. The critic Julianne Pidduck in her essay "Of Windows and Country Walks" argues the former image symbolizes repression and a woman's lot in Regency England, being trapped in a patriarchal society, while the latter image symbolises freedom. The critic Mary Favret, in her 2000 essay "Being True to Jane Austen," argued that because film is literally just moving pictures, it resists the tendency of photography to have a fixed image, suggesting a world where change is always possible. Because of this, Favret praised the 1995 version of "Persuasion" as the film used a wandering camera to capture in a kaleidoscopic way Anne Elliot's unexpressed romantic-sexual feelings even when Anne (Amanda Root) remained still and silent. Irvine noted that film adaptations of Austen's work often used the physicality of the actors to show the sexual desires of the characters that Austen herself only hinted at, with Irving calling a "particularly notorious" example of this being the scene from the 1995 version of "Pride and Prejudice", where Mr. Darcy (Colin Firth) dives into a pond and emerges with wet clothes clinging to his body before a clearly interested Miss Bennet (Jennifer Ehle).  The emphasis on the physicality of the actors to express emotions together with abandonment of the narrator has divided critics. Rebecca Dickson has complained that "strong and self-sufficient Elinor" of "Sense and Sensibility" became "a girl woman with unexpressed emotions who must learn to demonstrate them" in the Ang Lee film. By contrast, Penny Gay praised the 1995 version of "Sense and Sensibility" for portraying "the characters' experiences as "bodies"" as offering up a filmic version of the experiences of women. Irvine argued that the emphasis on physicality of the actors is necessary once the voice of the narrator is eliminated as films used movements, looks and gestures to express emotions, requiring "...that all characters become physically and transparently expressive in a way that only problem cases such as Marianne Dashwood indulge in the novels". Cheryl Nixon defended Mr. Darcy's precipitous plunge into the pond as necessary to show the viewer that he was capable of depths of emotional and physical passion that the novel only implied to help explain why Miss Bennet falls in love with him.  Another issue concerning adaptations of Austen is that of gender, especially the portrayal of women. Some critics, such as Devoney Looser, have argued that by portraying strong women who are intelligent and socially adept and by emphasising the theme of sisterhood both literally between sisters and metaphorically between female friends, the Austen films become feminist films. Other critics such as Kristen Samuelian and Shannon Wooden have argued that Austen films are in fact "post-feminist" films where women first encounter patriarchy before going on to live happier ever after with the men of their dreams in the patriarchal society of Regency England. Wooden also argued the 1996 version of "Emma", "Clueless", "Sense and Sensibility" and "Persuasion" all use the food imagery of the Austen books, where a fasting is a form of female protest, but in contrast to the books "...juxtapose food with representations or discussions of physical beauty, making a very late twentieth-century connection between not eating and feminine social and sexual success". Other critics like Martine Vioret have noted Austen films tended "to cater to female desires and to the female gaze" by their focus on the bodies of actors, dressed in close-fitting breeches in a way that fetishises the male body at a time when the male body was still the "locus of the beautiful". It is often noted that Austen films tended to portray the male body in a way that is normally associated with the filmic depiction of the female body as a source of pleasure to the male viewer. Irvine described the Austen films as a fantasy for women, with, for example, the character of Mr. Darcy displaying an "absolute and unconditioned male need for a woman".  Another issue around the Austen films is their relation to the question of English and British national identity. In Britain, the Austen films are seen as a part of the "heritage industry"-an overlapping collection of government ministries, pressure groups and charities that seeks to preserve the "national heritage" by protecting landscapes and old buildings. Irvine observed that the buildings selected for preservation tended to be estates, castles and manor houses associated with the elite, which sends the message that the story of Britain is the story of its elites. The Austen films which are focused on the visual splendor of Regency England are seen as "heritage films" that are an extension of the "heritage industry". Prior to 1995, television adaptations of Austen tended to be done on the cheap, but the 1995 version of "Pride and Prejudice" was an expensive production that was filmed on location in the English countryside with Lyme Park playing Pemberly that was a great ratings success, settling the benchmark for subsequent productions. Afterwards, it became "de rigueur" for Austen films to be visually sumptuous, no-expenses spared productions while the National Trust billed Lyme Park as the centrepiece of the "Pemberley Trail" for Janeites to go on a pilgrimage. Because the Austen adaptations are seen as celebrating a certain ideal of an "eternal England", there is a tendency to see both the film and television productions as implicitly conservative productions glorifying the ordered society of Regency England.  However, Irvine has cautioned against seeing all of the Austen films as carrying a conservative message Citing the Marxist historian Raphael Samuel, Irvine argued that Britain's heritage belongs to everyone and the memory of the past is used by disadvantaged groups just as much by advantaged groups to construct an "usable" version of British history. For instance, many of the Austen

Austen in Asia.

India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.

The global appeal of Austen today can be seen in that Bollywood regularly produces versions of Austen's books reset in modern India and adjusted to the style of Indian films, which forbid kissing and always include a number of musical numbers regardless of whether they have any connection to the plot. Austen's books often feature match-making parents, which gives her stories a particular resonance in India, where the majority of marriages are still arranged today. The British colony of India, which was ruled by the East India Company until 1858, and as a Crown colony from 1858 to 1947, came to include all

Japan.

Austen was unknown in Japan until the Meiji Restoration of 1867 opened Japan up to Western influence, and even then Austen was largely ignored. Japanese translators preferred adventure stories from the West, which fitted in better with the stories of samurai, which were the most popular novels in Meiji Japan. The Greek/Irish scholar Lafcadio Hearn, who became the first Western scholar to teach in Japan, warned his Japanese students in his lectures that they would not like Austen, as the sort of violence which was normal in samurai stories was completely absent in Austen's novels. The first Japanese critic to draw attention to Austen was the influential writer Natsume Sōseki who in his 1907 book "A Theory of Literature" wrote that: "Anyone who is unable to appreciate Austen will be unable to understand the beauty of realism." Sōseki, who was fluent in English, lived in London from 1900 to 1903, where he first discovered Austen, who he regarded as having achieved his ideal of "sokuten kyoshi" (literally "follow Heaven, forsake the self"-a writer should follow his/her instincts and write stories that have no traces of their own personality in them). At the time of his death in 1916, Sōseki was

Turkey.

In Turkey Austen was first introduced at the so-called "foreign schools" for foreigners domiciled in the Ottoman Empire, in which Turks were also allowed to enroll in the late 19th century. Initially, Turks only read Austen in the English original, and the first novel to be translated into Turkish was "Sense and Sensibility" as "Sağduyu ve Duyarlık" in two volumes in 1946 and 1948. Austen first came to widespread notice in Turkey in the late 1960s when Nihal Yeğinobalı started translating Austen with her first translation being "Pride and Prejudice" as "Aşk ve Gurur" ("Love and Pride"). Yeğinobalı's translations of Austen removed much of the irony in the original, replaced the free indirect discourse with speeches by the characters and made changes to the plot and characters to make Austen fit into the style of popular Turkish romances.

Korea.

Such is the appeal of Austen in Asia that during the period when Korea was a Japanese colony (1905-1945) Austen was first translated into Korean as the Japanese colonial administration- which always justified itself on the grounds that Korea was hopelessly backward and in need of Japanese rule to progress- sought to use Austen's books as an example of the sort of cultural progress the country was experiencing under Japanese rule. In Asia during this period, books by Western authors were always seen as embodying modernity and progress, and thus Austen in colonial Korea was presented as a symbol of modernity, at least during the so-called "Cultural Rule" period (1920–37) when Japanese

Iran.

The Iranian writer Azar Nafisi recalled teaching Austen secretly in Iran in the 1990s (in the Islamic Republic of Iran Austen is banned as a "degenerate" Western writer) to a group of teenage girls who loved Austen's stories which feature women who fall in love with men who are worthy of their affections, which was so different from their own lives. Nafisi noted in the Islamic Republic of Iran where wife-beating is legal, "love is forbidden, banished from the public sphere" and sex is "violently suppressed", her students fell in love with an author whose books feature female "rebels" who defiantly say "no" to "silly mothers", "incompetent fathers" and a "rigidly orthodox society", and moreover

China.

The novels of Jane Austen were unknown in China until 1917 when Wei Yi mentioned Austen in her book "Brief Profiles of Famous Western Novelists" where she was described as "one of the celebrated English novelists". Only a few western novels were translated in China during the 19th century, and it was not until 1898 when Lin Shu translated "Camille" by Alexandre Dumas, which unexpectedly become a bestseller, that Chinese publishers became interested in western books. Austen was first translated into Chinese

Austen in the Americas.

USA.

In the United States, Austen was described in 2013 as the object of "wildly devotional fan-worship" with conventions, parties and fan fiction. One American Janeite, Myretta Robens, was quoted to a BBC reporter as saying: "There's a longing for the elegance of the time. It's an escape." When asked why so many American Janeites write fan fiction, Robens stated: "Quite frankly, I think a lot of people want more sex, particularly with Elizabeth and Darcy." Another American Janeite, Laurel Ann Nattress explained the appeal of

Latin America.

The American author Amy Elizabeth Smart visited several Latin American countries in 2011 to see where Austen stood in that part of the world. Smart was at first concerned that the type of novels that Austen chose to wrote would not be popular in Guatemala, where most of the people are Maya Indians, being both Spanish-speakers and unfamiliar with her work. But she found Austen fitted in well with the Maya, intensely family-oriented people who criticized her for not taking her own family with her to Guatemala, saying how could she possibly

As a character.

Film and television.

In 2007, Anne Hathaway starred as Austen in "Becoming Jane." Based on the biography "Becoming Jane Austen" by Jon Hunter Spence, the film centred on Jane Austen's early life, her development as an author, and the posited romantic relationship with Thomas Langlois

Theatre.

"JANE, the musical" debuted in June 2006 in the West Midlands, England. It is a West-End style musical theatre production based on

Literature.

The almost blank years in Austen's biography, 1801 to 1804, are the setting for Barbara Ker Wilson's "Jane Austen in Australia" (), published as "Antipodes Jane" in the UK in 1985.  Jane Austen features as

Radio.

In 2014, BBC Radio 4 broadcast "The Mysterious Death of Jane Austen", adapted from Lindsay Ashford's novel by Elaine Horne and Andrew Davies, as part of their "15 Minute Drama" series in five episodes, featuring

Video games.

Jane Austen, voiced by Eden Riegel, is revealed as the narrator of 2013's "Saints Row IV" in a bonus cutscene, and the game's antagonist Zinyak reads the first chapter of "Pride and Prejudice"

Other references.

In 1994, American literary critic Harold Bloom placed Austen among the greatest. In a 2002 poll to determine whom the UK public considers the greatest British people in history, Austen was ranked number 70 in the list of the "100 Greatest Britons". In 2003, Austen's "Pride and Prejudice" came second in the BBC's The Big Read, a national poll to find the "Nation's best-loved book."  In 2007, the article "Rejecting Jane" by British author David Lassman, which examined how Austen would fare in the modern day publishing industry, achieved worldwide attention when Austen's work—submitted under a pseudonym—was rejected by numerous publishers.  Austen's writing was the inspiration for the 2013 video game "Regency Love", a visual novel in which the player interacts with townspeople, friends, family, and potential suitors, looking for a suitable match. The game includes storylines inspired by Austen's writing style, as well as trivia questions about Austen's work.

The author Jane Austen and her works have been represented in popular culture in a variety of forms. Jane Austen (16 December 1775 – 18 July 1817) was an English novelist whose social commentary and masterly use of both free indirect speech and irony eventually made her one of the most influential and honoured novelists in English literature. In popular culture, Austen's novels and personal life have been adapted into book illustrations (starting in 1833), dramatizations (starting in 1895), Hollywood films (starting in 1940), television (starting in 1938), and professional theatre (starting in 1901), with adaptations varying greatly in their faithfulness to the original.

La culture populaire s'est emparée de l'univers qu'a créé Jane Austen à partir du deuxième tiers du et le phénomène s'est amplifié depuis, grâce à l'audiovisuel et à internet. Aucun autre écrivain n'a inspiré une dévotion aussi généralisée dans le monde anglo-saxon : sur le plan académique, elle est rangée parmi les romanciers les plus influents et honorés de la littérature anglaise, mais elle est aussi la romancière la plus prisée du grand public qui en a développé une image populaire et familière, ayant débouché sur un véritable culte autour de sa vie et de son œuvre. Elle est désormais mondialement connue, grâce à la diffusion de multiples adaptations au cinéma et à la télévision (très variables dans leur fidélité à son œuvre) plus que par ses romans eux-mêmes.


Discovery and naming.

The type (and only known) specimen was found in the summer of 2000 by a Chinese-American expedition in the Mazong (= "horse mane") Shan area of China's Gansu Province. In 2002 You Hialu in a dissertation named and described the species "Equijubus normani". The generic name is derived from Latin "equus", "horse", and "juba", "mane". The specific epithet "normani" is in honour of British palaeontologist David B. Norman. However, such a "nomen ex dissertatione" does not constitute a valid name.  The type species "Equijubus normani" was formally named in an article by You, Luo Zhexi, Neil Shubin, Lawrence Witmer, Tang Zhilu and Tang Feng in 2003.  The type specimen or holotype, IVPP V12534, consists of a complete skull with articulated (attached) lower jaws, plus associated incomplete postcrania: nine cervical (neck), sixteen dorsal (back), and six sacral (pelvic) vertebrae. It was found in fluvio-lacustrine sediments of the Middle Grey Unit of the Xinminpu Group, Gonpoquan Basin, Mazong Shan, Gansu Province, China.  Wu, You & Li (2018) described grass microfossils extracted from a specimen of "Equijubus normani", which at the time of their description were the oldest known grass fossils, and might be the oldest known evidence of a dinosaur feeding on grasses.

Description.

"Equijubus" is a relatively large euornithopod. Gregory S. Paul in 2010 estimated the length at seven metres, the weight at 2.5 tonnes. A palpebral bone seems to be absent, meaning the eyes were not overshadowed by an upper rim as with most related species.

Phylogeny.

"Equijubus" was described as a basal hadrosauroid dinosaur, although it may turn out to be a non-hadrosauroid iguanodont. The discoverers considered it to be the basal-most of the hadrosauroids, and suggested that this group emerged in Asia.

Equijubus (; "Mǎzōng" meaning "horse mane" after the area Mǎzōng Mountain 马鬃山 in which it was found), is a genus of herbivorous hadrosauroid dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian stage) of northwestern China.

Equijubus est un genre éteint de dinosaures ornithopodes appartenant à la super-famille des Hadrosauroidea. Un seul spécimen a été découvert, en 2000, dans le désert de Gobi au nord-ouest de la Chine, dans le nord de la province du Gansu. Ses restes fossiles ont été extraits de couches géologiques datées de l'Aptien, étage du Crétacé inférieur, datant d'il y a environ (millions d'années). Il est considéré comme l'un des plus anciens des Hadrosauroidea.


Overview.

The fort was built by General Lachlan McIntosh, in early December, 1778, on the west bank of the Tuscarawas River, now in Tuscarawas County near the town of Bolivar. It was named after Henry Laurens, a president of the Continental Congress from South Carolina. The fort was used as a reference point in defining the boundary line in Treaty of Greenville, although the text of the treaty misspells the name as "Fort Lawrence".  The fort was intended to be a staging point for an attack against the British garrison at Detroit. However, the conditions at the fort were harsh during the winter, and McIntosh removed most of the American forces to Fort Pitt, leaving only about 150 men (from the 8th Pennsylvania Regiment and 13th Virginia Regiment) under the command of Colonel John Gibson. Fort Laurens was the only fort built in the Ohio Country during the Revolutionary War.  The fort was abandoned on August 2, 1779.

Siege.

The British learned of the miserable conditions at the fort, and on February 22, 1779, Captain Henry Bird of the 8th Regiment of Foot with a handful of British soldiers and a couple hundred Wyandot, Mingo, Munsee, and Delaware warriors laid siege to the fort. The siege continued until mid-March, and the men inside the fort reportedly were reduced to making a stew of boiled moccasins.  The British forces were also weakened by the long siege and lifted the siege on March 20, 1779. American relief forces from Fort Pitt arrived three days later, leaving a force of 106 men behind under the command of Major Frederick Vernon. Colonel Daniel Brodhead had replaced McIntosh as commander at Fort Pitt and felt the fort was inadequate for mounting an attack on Fort Detroit.

Fort Laurens Museum & Park.

The Ohio History Connection owns the site, and the Zoar Community Association operates the small museum at the site on behalf of OHC. The museum's exhibits include information on frontier soldiers, a video about the fort's history, and archaeological artifacts from the fort's excavation. The museum is located in a large park that is the used for military reenactments. The fort is the site of the Tomb of the Unknown Patriot of the American Revolution, laid to rest with full military honors by the Ohio National Guard in 1976. A crypt in the museum wall also contains remains of soldiers who died defending the fort. The site is closed in the winter.  In 1970, the fort site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Fort Laurens was an American Revolutionary War fort on a northern tributary of the Muskingum River in what would become Northeast Ohio, United States. The fort's current location is in the town of Bolivar, Ohio, along the Ohio and Erie Canal Towpath Trail.

Le fort Laurens a été un fort construit lors de la guerre d'indépendance américaine dans ce qui est maintenant l'État américain de l'Ohio.


Background.

Film producers Jerry Bruckheimer and Don Simpson, along with music supervisor Michael Dilbeck, had over 300 songs to employ on "Top Gun". Testing compositions against the dailies of the opening scenes at the aircraft carrier, nothing satisfied them, and Bruckheimer asked soundtrack producer Giorgio Moroder to write something. With the help of songwriter Tom Whitlock, he composed "Danger Zone" and had Joe Pizzulo record a demo. With the approval of the producers, soundtrack distributor Columbia Records requested Moroder to have "Danger Zone" performed by an artist signed by the label.  The band Toto was originally intended to perform the track, but legal conflicts between the producers of "Top Gun" and the band's lawyers prevented this.  Bryan Adams was approached to allow his song "Only the Strong Survive" on the soundtrack and perform "Danger Zone", to which Adams declined any involvement, feeling that the film glorified war, and he did not want any of his work linked to it.  REO Speedwagon was also approached to perform "Danger Zone", to which the group declined due to not being allowed to contribute any of its own compositions to the soundtrack.  Corey Hart was also approached to perform "Danger Zone," to which he declined, preferring to write and perform his own compositions.  Eventually, the film producers offered the song to Kenny Loggins, who would recall his assent to recording "Danger Zone" as "a very snap judgement". Whitlock went to Loggins' Encino home, and once shown the lyrics, the singer added his own improvisations. Reaching #2 on the "Billboard" Hot 100, "Danger Zone" would be Loggins' runner-up career record - bested only by his 1984 #1 hit "Footloose" - but in a 2008 interview Loggins would indicate that recording "Danger Zone" was his sole career regret: "It doesn't represent who I am as an artist."  According to TMZ, Kenny Loggins has confirmed that "Danger Zone" will be featured in the upcoming "".

Overview.

Dann Huff, lead singer and guitarist of the 1980s hard rock group Giant, played guitar on the song. The bass line is performed on a Yamaha DX7 synthesizer. A tenor saxophone is added near the end of the song.  The song peaked at number two on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 for the week of July 26, 1986, kept from the top spot by Peter Gabriel's "Sledgehammer".

Music video.

A music video was released in May 1986 to promote the single. The video was directed by Tony Scott and featured footage of Loggins singing, as well as clips from the film "Top Gun", which Scott also directed.  According to the MuchMusic network's program "Pop-Up Video", the U.S. Navy described this video as "the most effective recruiting poster ever produced".

"Danger Zone" is a song, with music composed by Giorgio Moroder and lyrics written by Tom Whitlock, which American singer-songwriter Kenny Loggins recorded and released in 1986. The song was one of the hit singles from the soundtrack to the 1986 American motion picture "Top Gun," the best selling soundtrack of 1986 and one of the best selling of all time. According to Allmusic.com, the album "remains a quintessential artifact of the mid-'80s" and the album's hits "still define the bombastic, melodramatic sound that dominated the pop charts of the era."

Elle parvient à la du Billboard Hot 100 aux États-Unis et entre dans les classements des ventes de singles de plusieurs pays. Avec "Footloose", c'est une des chansons emblématiques de Kenny Loggins.


Plot.

Homer is going to make an annual speech at the Nuclear Plant. His original plan is to repeat the comedy speech he did every year, but most of his punchlines were already used or they would be offensive, including jokes about Lenny's grandmother who is sick. This makes him so nervous that he passes out on the stage, leading to a trauma of public speaking. Trying to cheer Homer up, Marge takes him to a standup comedy show.  At the show, Homer is amazed by the actors' talent to improvise. He, Lenny, and Carl then choose to join an improvisation class, where Homer learns that he has a talent for improvising scenes. They decide to form their own stand-up comedy troupe at Moe's Tavern, where Homer's act is acclaimed by the public and the critics.  In a secondary plot, Bart and Lisa go to Ralph's birthday party, where Bart realizes that Ralph's new treehouse (built with money that Chief Wiggum took from the evidence locker) is much better than his old current treehouse. Feeling envious, Bart destroys his treehouse. However, when he says that mothers can't build a treehouse, Marge plans to work hard and build him the best treehouse she can.  Later, at the new treehouse, Marge overhears Bart saying to Milhouse that there isn't any need to thank her, because she is only doing her job. Marge gets irritated at him, and storms off during dinner when Bart offends her, where Homer learns that he is invited to perform at the Springfield Fringe Festival. When Marge complains to him about Bart and learns about the fringe festival, she accidentally makes Homer insecure about his own act.  The next morning, Bart takes Marge's breakfast into her bedroom and apologizes (with Homer's help), and they reconcile. Later at the festival, Moe advises a still insecure Homer that he should cheat on his improvisation act, letting Moe pick his premises. However, Lisa finds out about their plans and convinces Homer to make his show the proper way. He does so, and his on-the-spot act is well-received by the audience.  In a segment advertised as "Homer Live", Homer puts his improvisation skills to use by taking questions from viewers during the credits. This segment was performed live twice by Dan Castellaneta, for both east and west coast broadcasts. In the international version, Homer gives a three minute monologue chronicling his intentions to run for presidency, only to talk himself out of it by the end of his speech. Different characters (including Bender from "Futurama" picketing for another revival of his show) pass by him throughout the segment.

Reception.

"Simprovised" scored a 1.2 rating and was watched by 2.80 million viewers, making it Fox's highest rated show of the night.  Dennis Perkins of "The A.V. Club" was positive on "Simprovised", giving it a B+. He explained "What’s so entertaining about Homer’s journey in 'Simprovised' is how it grows out of his character. Sure, the episode is pretty streamlined, since those last three minutes were set aside for the big ratings-grab, but lopping off the opening credits entirely helped. There’s even time for a truncated but effective B-story, with Marge getting pissed at Bart for not appreciating her building him a new treehouse. Honestly, underdeveloped, gag-happy storylines are a sad fact of life in modern-day 'Simpsons' but 'Simprovised' proves that—even when compressed—a simple story well told and rooted in the characters can be both funny and affecting."  IGN reviewer Jesse Schedeen gave the episode a 6.4/10. He criticized the episode itself, but enjoyed the improvised part, adding "For the most part, this episode was very textbook, late-era "Simpsons" fare. There were some humor to be had (mainly in the first act), but mostly a lot of missed opportunities and well-worn Simpson family drama. However, the live segment that closed out the episode was definitely a welcome change from the norm. That segment proved that this show still can take risks from time to time, and furthermore, that those risks can pay off."  Den of Geek's Tony Sokol was critical, giving the episode 2.5/5 stars, writing "The episode moved, but for a comedy show doing a show about comedy, the laughs were slim."

"Simprovised" is the twenty-first episode of the twenty-seventh season of the animated television series "The Simpsons", and the 595th episode of the series overall. It aired in the United States on Fox on May 15, 2016, and includes a three-minute live-animated segment in which viewers were able to ask Homer Simpson questions.

Simprovise est le vingt-et-unième épisode de la vingt-septième saison de la série télévisée "Les Simpson" et le de la série. Il est sorti en première sur le réseau Fox le.


Education.

Schoch received a BA in Anthropology and a BS in Geology from George Washington University in 1979. He was awarded MS and PhD degrees in Geology and Geophysics from Yale University (PhD, 1983). Schoch's PhD dissertation, "Systematics, Functional Morphology and Macroevolution of the Extinct Mammalian Order Taeniodonta", was published in 1986 by the Peabody Museum of Natural History.

Teaching.

Schoch has taught at Boston University since 1984. He is an associate professor of Natural Sciences at the College of General Studies, a two-year core curriculum for bachelor's degree candidates. He teaches undergraduate science courses, including biology, geology, environmental science, geography, and science and public policy.  He has received his college's Peyton Richter Award for interdisciplinary teaching. He is a co-author of the college textbook "Environmental Science: Systems and Solutions", now in its fifth edition.  In 1993, a genus of extinct mammals, "Robertschochia", of which "Robertschochia sullivani" is the genoholotype, was named after him.

Fringe claims.

Schoch is best known for his fringe argument that the Great Sphinx of Giza is much older than conventionally thought and that some kind of catastrophe was responsible for wiping out evidence of a significantly older, unknown civilization. In 1991, Schoch redated the monument to 10,000–5,000 BC, based on water erosion marks he identified on the Sphinx enclosure walls, and also based on findings from seismic studies around the base of the Sphinx and elsewhere on the plateau. The Sphinx water erosion hypothesis is currently rejected by the archaeological community because of lack of any other supporting evidence for a civilization sufficiently old as well as other arguments. Mark Lehner looked at that the way several structures in the area incorporate elements from older structures, and based on the order in which they were constructed concludes that the archaeological sequencing does not allow for a date older than the reign of Khafra. Archaeologists and geologists have also challenged his geological claims.  Schoch's arguments were featured in the 1993 documentary "The Mystery of the Sphinx", which was aired by NBC and presented by Charlton Heston. Schoch stars in the film alongside author John Anthony West.  Schoch also claims that possibly all pyramids — in Egypt, Mesoamerica and elsewhere were the result of the destruction of an ancient protocivilization in Sundaland between 8000 to 6000 years ago by rising sea levels caused by repeated collisions with comets. In "Voyages of the Pyramids Builders" he suggests that when its inhabitants were forced out of Sundaland: "That movement, and its cultural legacies over the following millennia, provides the best explanation for the spread of pyramids across the globe." In 2006, at the invitation of locals, he investigated the so-called Bosnian pyramid excavations north of Sarajevo, but he concluded that the site held "absolutely no evidence of pyramids "per se" or of a great ancient civilization in the Visoko region".  He is also known for his writing on the Yonaguni underwater monuments, where he has dived on several occasions, beginning in 1997. His conclusion from analyzing the formations is that this is a natural site possibly modified by humans to suit their needs: "We should also consider the possibility that the Yonaguni Monument is fundamentally a natural structure that was utilized, enhanced, and modified by humans in ancient times."  Schoch contributed an essay to "Lost Secrets of the Gods", a pseudoarchaeology book which argues for the existence of ancient astronauts. He has appeared on Coast to Coast AM.  Another of his interests is the study of parapsychology. He has stated that psychokinesis and telepathy are potentially real.

Response from other academics.

Mark Lehner, an American archaeologist and egyptologist, has disputed Schoch's analysis, stating, "You don't overthrow Egyptian history based on one phenomenon like a weathering profile... that is how pseudoscience is done, not real science."  Historian Ronald H. Fritze has described Schoch as a "pseudohistorical and pseudoscientific writer".  Schoch has been criticized for his unorthodox idea that Göbekli Tepe, an ancient civilization revealed in an archeological site in present-day Turkey, was influenced by a solar event that may have been witnessed at Easter Island in the Pacific west of South America. Author Jason Colavito suggested he "abandons all reality in favor of a bizarre fantasy".

Robert M. Schoch is an American associate professor of Natural Sciences at the College of General Studies, Boston University. Since 1991, Schoch has been a proponent of the fringe Sphinx water erosion hypothesis.

Robert M. Schoch, né le est un professeur américain agrégé de sciences naturelles au collège d'études générales de l'Université de Boston.


Gameplay.

In the game you have to lead a group of space settlers who are trying to form a base on an isolated planet. You are given the role of base architect as well as manager. Now it’s up to you to make sure that they build the base in a place where they can survive and have a constant supply of food, water, and, most importantly, oxygen. You are responsible for guiding them to create a self-sufficient base where they can extract water easily and grow food for living. You will also direct them to mine different kinds of metal and manufacture robots. There are four different planets that can be colonized - each of them has different conditions and an increasing difficulty level. These planets are the Desert Planet, Frozen Planet, a Barren Moon, and Storm Planet. You have to manage the flow of new people coming to your colony and make sure that only people with some useful skills come to the planet. The most useful people are engineers, workers, and guards. Robots can be constructed to complete the more monotonous tasks. Between all this you also have to survive natural disasters like sandstorms, solar flares, blizzards, and meteors. There are 29 different structures to be built, 5 types of human workers, and 3 types of robots to be built. There are 10 milestones to be completed and eight techs that can be bought from traders.

Reception.

The game scored a 70 out of 100 based on reviews from 4 critics on Metacritic.

Planetbase is a space simulation and strategy video game developed by Madruga Works which was released on October 16, 2015 for Microsoft Windows, and January 8, 2016 for OS X. The game involves establishing a human colony on a distant planet and building an outpost to survive on the planet.

Planetbase est un jeu vidéo de stratégie, orienté gestion spatiale, développé par Madrugaworks. Plus précisément, c'est un city-builder de micro-gestion d'une base spatiale sous dôme située sur une lune ou une planète avec ou sans atmosphère. Il est sorti le sur Windows et OS X, et sur PS4 depuis.


Championnat de Corée du Sud de football 2016

Promotion and relegation.

Teams relegated to 2016 K League Challenge  Teams promoted from the 2015 K League Challenge

Participating clubs.

The following 12 clubs competed in the K League Classic during the 2016 season.

Foreign players.

Restricting the number of foreign players strictly to four per team, including a slot for a player from AFC countries. A team could use four foreign players on the field each game including a least one player from the AFC confederation.

League table.

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Positions by matchday.

Round 23-38.

"Split rounds are from round 34 to round 38"

Results.

Matches 1–22.

Teams play each other twice, once at home, once away.

Matches 23–33.

Teams play every other team once (either at home or away).

Matches 34–38.

After 33 matches, the league splits into two sections of six teams each, with teams playing every other team in their section once (either at home or away). The exact matches are determined upon the league table at the time of the split.

Promotion-relegation playoffs.

The promotion-relegation playoffs were held between the winners of the 2016 K League Challenge playoff and 11th club of the 2016 K League Classic. The winner on aggregate score after both matches earned entry into the 2017 K League Classic.

Second leg.

"Gangwon FC secured promotion to the 2017 K League Classic on away goals.

Awards.

Season Awards.

The 2016 K League Awards was held on 8 November 2016.

The 2016 K League Classic was the 34th season of the top division of professional football in South Korea since its establishment in 1983 as K League and the fourth season in its current name, the K League Classic.

La saison 2016 du Championnat de Corée du Sud de football est la de la première division sud-coréenne, la "K League". Les douze clubs engagés s'affrontent à trois reprises lors de la phase régulière. À l'issue de celle-ci, les six premiers jouent la poule pour le titre et s'affrontent une nouvelle fois, tandis que les six derniers font de même au sein de la poule de relégation. Le dernier du classement est relégué, l'avant-dernier doit disputer un barrage de promotion-relégation face à une formation de deuxième division.


Early years.

Labissière was born in Port-au-Prince in Haiti. His basketball career began at the Collège Canado-Haïtien, a junior-senior high school in Port-au-Prince, which participated in school championships organized by the (CIBA) and the (ASI). During the 2010 Haiti earthquake, his family's home collapsed with Labissière, his mother and his brother inside. All three survived but remained trapped under debris for three hours. His legs were pinned, causing them to go numb, and Labissière was unable to walk for a few weeks after. A few months following the earthquake, Labissière moved to Memphis, Tennessee, to live with Gerald Hamilton, who ran the Reach Your Dream Foundation that brings international athletes to the United States as young prospects.

High school career.

Labissière attended Evangelical Christian School in Memphis and started to play varsity basketball as an eighth-grader. When he had first arrived, Labissière spoke little English and required a French interpreter in all of his classes. After three to four months, he didn't need the help and became fluent. In 2014, he left the school his senior year and enrolled at Lausanne Collegiate School, also located in Memphis, but because of the move he was ruled by TSSAA as ineligible to play basketball at Lausanne for the season. So instead, Labissière played for Gerald Hamilton's Reach Your Dream Prep Academy team, where he averaged 26 points, 12 rebounds and 4.5 blocks per game.

College career.

Labissière was rated as a five-star recruit, and was considered among the best players in his class. He committed to the University of Kentucky (UK) to play college basketball. UK's coach, John Calipari, offered Labissière a scholarship before any other 2015 prospect, comparing him to Anthony Davis. At the start of the season, he was considered a potential number 1 draft pick for the 2016 NBA draft. Labissière posted averages of 6.6 points (.516 FG%,.661 FT%), 3.1 rebounds, 1.6 blocks and 15.8 minutes per game in all 36 games while starting 18 of them for the 2015–16 Kentucky Wildcats.  On April 5, 2016, Labissière declared for the NBA draft, forgoing his final three years of college eligibility.

Professional career.

Sacramento Kings (2016–2019).

On June 23, 2016, Labissière was selected by the Phoenix Suns with the 28th overall pick in the 2016 NBA draft, becoming the highest drafted Haitian player since Samuel Dalembert (26th, 2001). His rights were later traded to the Sacramento Kings on draft night, and on July 15, he signed his rookie scale contract with the Kings. Labissière made his NBA debut on November 5, 2016, recording eight points and three rebounds in 15 minutes off the bench in a 117–91 loss to the Milwaukee Bucks. On February 23, 2017, in just his ninth game of the season, Labissière had a season-high 12 points in a 116–100 win over the Denver Nuggets. On March 1, 2017, in his first career start, Labissière had 10 points and five rebounds in 15 minutes in a 109–100 loss to the Brooklyn Nets. On March 15, 2017, he scored 21 of his career-high 32 points in the fourth quarter of the Kings' 107–101 win over Phoenix, becoming the first rookie from the 2016 draft class to score at least 30. He also had 11 rebounds to record his first career double-double. He became the youngest Kings player to record a 30-10 game and the fourth Kings player to do it as a reserves since the 1984–85 season. His points total was the highest for a Kings first-year player since teammate Ben McLemore scored 31 in 2013–14. Labissière became only the 41st player in NBA history to score at least 32 points while age 20 or younger—the only other player to achieve this feat in franchise history is Tyreke Evans. During his rookie season, he had multiple assignments with the Reno Bighorns of the NBA Development League.  On December 5, 2017, Labissière was assigned to the Reno Bighorns. He was recalled by the Kings four days later. On January 2, 2018, Labissière recorded 17 points and a career-best 15 rebounds in a 131–111 loss to the Charlotte Hornets. On January 22, 2018, he scored a season-high 23 points in a 112–107 loss to Charlotte.

Portland Trail Blazers (2019–2020).

On February 7, 2019, Labissière was traded to the Portland Trail Blazers in exchange for Caleb Swanigan. On April 10, Labissière started the season finale for Portland as the team was resting its rotation players for the playoffs. In 40 minutes of action, Labissière had 29 points and 15 rebounds, helping the Blazers overcome a 28-point deficit in a 136–131 win.

Atlanta Hawks (2020–present).

On February 6, 2020, Labissière and cash considerations was traded to the Atlanta Hawks in exchange for a future protected second-round draft pick.

Skal Labissière (; born March 18, 1996) is a Haitian professional basketball player for the Atlanta Hawks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He graduated from Lausanne Collegiate School in Memphis, Tennessee, before playing one season of college basketball for Kentucky. Labissière has also played for the Sacramento Kings and Portland Trail Blazers.

Skal Labissière, né le à Port-au-Prince, en Haïti, est un joueur haïtien de basket-ball. Il évolue aux postes d'ailier fort et pivot dans la franchise de NBA des Hawks d'Atlanta.


Biography.

Wilmer grew up on a farm in Emsland. In 1980 he graduated at the Leoninum, a high school operated by the Dehonians in Handrup close to his hometown. In the same year, he entered the novitiate of the congregation in Freiburg. From 1981 to 1986 he studied theology in Freiburg and romance philology (romance languages) in Paris. After that he was ordained as priest by Archbishop Oskar Saier, the archbishop of Freiburg. He then went to Rome to study at the Gregorian Pontifical University; his focus was French philosophy. In 1991 Wilmer earned a Doctor of Theology in Freiburg, where he dealt with the concept of mysticism in the philosophy of Maurice Blondel. His works were awarded the Bernhard Welte Prize.  Shortly after that, he studied for a Master of Arts in History. Sometime before he finished his first master's degree Wilmer met the Dutch priest Henri Nouwen. At the request of Nouwen, Wilmer represented him for four months as a pastor at L'Arche Daybreak in Toronto, a facility for people with disabilities. After that he worked for two years as a school counselor and taught religion, political science and history at the Liebfrauenschule Vechta (a German high school) in Niedersachsen, Germany. In 1997 he went to the United States for a year to teach German and history at the Fordham Preparatory School, a Jesuit high school in the Bronx (New York). Upon his return, he became headmaster of the SCJ high school Leoninum in Handrup.  In 2007, Wilmer was elected for Provincial Superior of the German Province of the Dehonians.  Five years later he published a book (“Gott ist nicht nett – God is not kind”) in which he reflected on his faith and his decision to become a priest.  On 25 May 2015 Wilmer was elected by the Dehonians as its superior general.  He succeeded José Ornelas Carvalho, SCJ, who held the office for 12 years (two six-year terms). Carvalho is now bishop of the Diocese of Sétubal (Portugal). Wilmer's term is for six years.  On 6 April 2018, the pope had nominated Fr. Heiner Wilmer to be bishop of Hildesheim, Germany.

Positions.

In June 2019, Wilmer supported married priests and said that there should not be only celibacy priests in Roman-catholic church.

External links.

English language  German language

Heiner Wilmer, SCJ (born 9 April 1961 in Schapen) is a Roman Catholic bishop, Bishop of Hildesheim, Germany and former superior general emeritus of the Congregation of the Priests of the Sacred Heart (Dehonians).

Heiner Wilmer, né le à Schapen (Basse-Saxe), est un ecclésiastique catholique allemand, actuel évêque de Hildesheim depuis 2018 après avoir été supérieur général de la congrégation des prêtres du Sacré-Cœur de Saint-Quentin (déhoniens).


Prelude to the Siege.

In 1260 Baibars, the Sultan of Egypt and Syria, began to threaten the Principality of Antioch, a Crusader state, which (as a vassal of the Armenians) had supported the Mongols, the traditional enemies of the Turks. In 1265, Baibars took Caesarea, Haifa and Arsuf and massacred the inhabitants. A year later, Baibars conquered Galilee and devastated Cilician Armenia.  As Steven Runciman relates in his last book about the Crusades, decades before the siege of Antioch (1268), prince Bohemond IV of Antioch had settled his court in the city of Tripoli, capital of his other state, the County of Tripoli. In 1268, the Antiochene knights and garrison were under the command of, Constable of Antioch, whose wife was an Armenian Lady who was relative to Sibylla of Armenia, wife of prince Bohemond VI.

Siege of Antioch.

In 1268 Baibars besieged the city of Antioch, which was "badly defended by its patriarch and abandoned by most of its inhabitants," capturing it on 18 May (the citadel fell two days later) after a relatively feeble defense. Antioch had been weakened by its previous struggles with Armenia and by internal power struggles, and its inhabitants were quick to agree to a surrender, on the condition that the lives of the citizens within the walls would be spared.  Before Baibars' forces laid siege on Antioch, the Constable Simon Mansel, along with a group of knights, led an unsuccessful attack against the Muslim army in order that the city should not be encircled. The defenses were in good condition, but the garrison was unable to defend the long walls of the city. Mansel was captured during the Antiochene cavalry attack, and Baibars ordered him to command his lieutenants in Antioch to surrender immediately. The garrison refused to capitulate, and continued the defense of the walls.  Afterwards, lamenting that Antioch's ruler had not been present either for the siege or for the ransacking and murder, Baibars' secretary (who was also his biographer) wrote a detailed letter describing exactly what had been done to the people and the city:  'Death came among the besieged from all sides and by all roads: we killed all that thou hadst appointed to guard the city or defend its approaches. If thou hadst seen thy knights trampled under the feet of the horses, thy provinces given up to pillage, thy riches distributed by measures full, the wives of thy subjects put to public sale; if thou hadst seen the pulpits and crosses overturned, the leaves of the Gospel torn and cast to the winds, and the sepulchres of thy patriarchs profaned; if thou hadst seen thy enemies, the Mussulmans trampling upon the tabernacle, and immolating in the sanctuary, monk, priest and deacon; in short, if thou hadst seen thy palaces given up to the flames, the dead devoured by the fire of this world, the Church of St Paul and that of St Peter completely and entirely destroyed, certes, thou wouldst have cried out ""Would to Heaven that I were become dust!"" '.  Michaud after quoting the letter of Baibar's concludes the sacking thus:  'Baibars distributed the booty among his soldiers, the Mamelukes reserving as their portion the women girls and children [...] A little boy was worth twelve dirhems, a little girl five dirhems. In a single day the city of Antioch lost all its inhabitants and a conflagration lighted by order of Bibars completed the work of the barbarians. Most historians agree in saying that fourteen thousand Christians were slaughtered and a hundred thousand dragged away into slavery.'  Historian Thomas Madden concludes that the events and destruction following the Siege of Antioch, "was the single greatest massacre of the entire crusading era." However, this is likely incorrect as the massacre of Jews and Muslims in Jerusalem in the First Crusade is estimated to have resulted in 40,000 deaths, far greater than the 14,000 killed in the Siege of Antioch.

Aftermath.

The Hospitaller fortress Krak des Chevaliers fell three years later. While Louis IX of France launched the Eighth Crusade ostensibly to reverse these setbacks, it went to Tunis, instead of Constantinople, as Louis' brother, Charles of Anjou, had initially advised, though Charles I clearly benefited from the treaty between Antioch and Tunis that ultimately resulted from the Crusade.  By the time of his death in 1277, Baibars had confined the Crusaders to a few strongholds along the coast and they were forced out of the Middle East by the beginning of the fourteenth century. The fall of Antioch was to prove as detrimental to the crusaders cause as its capture was instrumental in the initial success of the first Crusade. The population of Antioch, consisting primarily of Armenians, was put to the sword. Later, the Mamelukes would repeat the same destruction in Acre, where the massacre of the civilians there was frustrated by the evacuation attempts of the Templar Knights, who managed to evacuate a number of civilians to the relative safety of Cyprus.

The Siege of Antioch occurred in 1268 when the Mamelukes under Baibars finally succeeded in capturing the city of Antioch. Prior to the siege, the Crusader Principality was oblivious to the loss of the city, as demonstrated when Baibars sent negotiators to the leader of the former Crusader state and mocked his use of "Prince" in the title Prince of Antioch.

Le siège d'Antioche est un événement historique ayant eu lieu en 1268, quand les mamelouks menés par Baybars réussirent à capturer la cité d'Antioche. Avant le siège, la principauté croisée était déjà fortement menacée, comme le montre l'entretien entre le chef de la cité et les émissaires de Baybars qui se moquèrent ouvertement de son titre de « prince » d'Antioche.


Introduction.

The FM introduction continued to build on successful line of F7, FL7 and FL10 trucks and it was also a part of Volvo Trucks Corporation planning strategy for "The Global Family Of Trucks" where FM would be complementing FH and NH/VN truck range. Released in conjunction with face-lifted FH range the FM7,10,12 included Volvo electronic architecture and upgraded D12 engine whilst carrying over the older D7 and D10 engines which traced their origins to the early push-rods TD70 and TD100 power plants but with modern electronic controls implants to increase power outputs and improve fuel efficiency and emissions.

Design and technology.

The FM range is closely related to the FH range where models share the numbers of components further decreasing production and development costs while improving built efficiency and quality of the products. In principle the FM and the FH and to a degree the NH cabs have a same layout with driver and passenger area, dashboard and seats as the common feature. The lower position of FM cabs is the primary difference between the FM and FH ranges

First-generation (1998–2001).

Cabs.

What appeared to be scaled down FH cabs were initially available in three basic sizes, "short day cab","sleeper cab", and "globetrotter cab". Various trims and color option were available. Electric cab tilt was an option.

Electric and electronics.

The electrical and electronic system shared with the FH series was based on electronic control units and data bus technology. The communication among the different control units run via two data links SAE J1939 and SAE J1708 allowed possibility of diagnostics, analysis and follow up of the vehicle's system via instrument cluster display.

Engines.

Engines horsepower rating span from to in the initial release. D7C is a further development of D7 generation of engines however major difference between the latter is the increase of engine capacity from 6.7 litres to 7.3 litres thanks to increase in stroke and cylinder diameter. Engine management EDC also received the upgrade to bring it inline with the rest of the "family" and be TEA 98 compliant. Introduction of D12C engine had created all new "beast" in its class thanks to its extra power and powerful engine brake which were only available previously in the FH class saw operators with an option of smaller cab but still capable long haul unit particularly with "globetrotter" cab and indeed FM12 did steal some sales from its bigger brother the FH12.

Driveline.

The FM7, FM10 and FM12 were available in variety of configurations with manual and automatic transmissions as 4x2 and 6x4 tractor and rigid, 8x2 and 8x4 rigid and 6x6 special construction models with hub reductions or single final drives.

Second generation (2001–2005).

In 2001 FM series underwent major revision in conjunction with FH series. Among changes resulted were 7- and 10-litre engines being dropped and replaced by an all-new 9-litre D9A engine and introduction of a new automated gear-change transmission I-Shift and new passive safety feature FUPS Front Underrun Protection System, designed to prevent smaller vehicles from being "under run" or wedged under front of the truck in an event of frontal collision.

Engine and transmission.

The new D9A engine developed on the basis of D12 with single overhead camshaft and four valves per cylinder and electronic unit injectors followed with a new design feature for Volvo, timing gears at the flywheel side (rear) of the engine, design which will later become standard across entire Volvo truck engine range. D9A power output varies from 300 - and torque 1400 - 1700 Nm respectively. Introduction of I-Shift also spelled end for Geartronic (AGS) and its shortcomings however the I-Shift was designed to be what it is from ground up where Geartronic was an add on modification to existing manual transmission. In 2003 FM12 with D12D was launched as well as new version of Powertronic automatic transmission. L

2005 upgrade to present.

The evolution of Volvo FM series continued in 2005 with the release of a new generation of FM trucks powered by an all-new 13-litre D13A engine and improved 9-litre D9B unit and the second-generation I-Shift transmission. The naming of the series had also changed: engine size in litres is no longer used in the FM name. The new engines were available in Euro IV emissions standard in both Selective Catalytic Reduction. Volvo had also introduced on D13A engine with SCR an improved version of its engine compression brake the "VEB+" featuring additional helper rocker arm and fourth cam lobe per cylinder. Power outputs available from,, and. In 2007 Volvo introduced D13B with Exhaust Gas Recirculation configuration and VGT turbocharger but without exhaust particle filter and is the only manufacturer to offer this solution thus far. The engines are available in slightly reduced power output ranging from,, and however option is only available for FH series.  Volvo Truck Corporation had announced a new version of an engine the D11B available in two power outputs and as well as new safety features such as Driver Alert Support monitor, Electronic Stability Program (ESP), Lane Changing Support, Cornering lights and Rain detection windscreen wipers.

2010-present (refresh).

In 2010, Volvo released the completely facelifted FM. The facelift which adds the new styling and added engines. It was the first time fitted with LED daytime running lights. Also, Volvo launched its related to the FM, the FMX.  On March 19, 2013, Volvo revealed the updated FM, more thorough facelift. The new FM debuted at the 2013 Commercial Vehicle Show in the UK. It uses Volvo Dynamic Steering System, more LED daytime running lights, the new improved styling (borrow cues from the new FH), the new interior (including the refreshed dashboard and an infotainment system) and the introduced Euro VI standard. Sales of the new FM commenced in September 2013.

Marketing.

In November 2013, Volvo released the "Epic Split" viral advertisement on YouTube to promote the FM's dynamic steering system. In the video, Jean-Claude Van Damme performs his splits while standing on the side mirrors of two FMs running in reverse.

The Volvo FM is a heavy truck range produced by the Swedish company Volvo Trucks. It was originally introduced as FM7, FM10 and FM12 in 1998. FM stands for Forward control Medium height cab, where the numbers denominate an engine capacity in litres. As of 2005 the engine size is no longer added to the model denomination. The FM range is a multipurpose truck range for distribution, construction and on highway/off highway transport duties. In 2013, Volvo Trucks announced an updated, Euro VI version of the Volvo FM.

Le Volvo FM est une gamme de camions produite par le constructeur suédois AB Volvo depuis 1998, avec les modèles FM9 et FM12. La cabine du FM est celle du Volvo FH mais avec un empattement réduit.


Land management and recreation overview.

Much of the mountains are within various National Forests: the Rio Grande and San Isabel in Colorado, and the Carson and Santa Fe in New Mexico. These publicly accessible areas are managed by the United States Forest Service and are popular for hunting, camping, hiking, mountain biking, backpacking, climbing, and cross-country and downhill skiing.  The mountains include two large wilderness areas, the Sangre de Cristo Wilderness in Colorado and the Pecos Wilderness in New Mexico, as well as some smaller wilderness areas, such as Latir Peak Wilderness. The Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve lies on the southwest side of the mountains in Colorado and are managed by the National Park Service.

Subranges.

The Sangre de Cristo Mountains are divided into various subranges, described here from north to south. Use of the terms "Sangre de Cristo Range" and "Sangre de Cristo Mountains" is inconsistent and either may refer to either the northernmost subrange, the southernmost subrange, or the mountains as a whole.

Sangre de Cristo Range.

The Sangre de Cristo Range, the largest and most northerly subrange of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, runs directly along the east side of the Rio Grande Rift, extending southeast from Poncha Pass for about 75 miles (120 km) through south-central Colorado to La Veta Pass, approximately 20 miles (32 km) west of Walsenburg. They form a high ridge separating the San Luis Valley on the west from the watershed of the Arkansas River on the east.

Crestones.

The Crestones are a group of four 14,000+ foot (4,268+ m) peaks (fourteeners) in the Sangre de Cristo Range above Crestone, Colorado.

Spanish Peaks.

The Spanish Peaks are a pair of mountains, West Spanish Peak,, and East Spanish Peak,, located in southwestern Huerfano County, Colorado. The Spanish Peaks were designated a National Natural Landmark in 1976 as one of the best known examples of igneous dikes. The mountains can be seen from as far as to the north from Colorado Springs, to the west from Alamosa, Colorado, to the south from Raton, New Mexico, and to the east from La Junta, Colorado.

Culebra Range.

The Culebra Range runs almost due north and south, with its northern limit at La Veta Pass in Colorado, and its southern limit at Costilla Creek, just south of Big Costilla Peak in New Mexico. Its highest point is Culebra Peak at, which is notable for being the only fourteener in Colorado which is on private land. Climbers wishing to ascend Culebra must pay a fee (currently US$100 per person), and the number of climbers per year is limited. It is also the most southerly fourteener in the U.S. Rockies. Standing to the east of the main crest are the two prominent Spanish Peaks (West:, East: ). These peaks were important landmarks on the mountain branch of the Santa Fe Trail.The bioregion receives very little water and has an annual precipitation of.This region is also home to the "Culebra Micro-basin" which has a rich agricultural history in the state of Colorado.

Taos Mountains.

The Taos Mountains span the western lobe of the range from Costilla Creek in the north, to Tres Ritos in the south. They include the highest point in New Mexico, Wheeler Peak, at, which is part of the Wheeler Peak Wilderness. Other notable peaks include Pueblo Peak, which at rises dramatically above Taos Pueblo, and Latir Peak, at. Williams Lake is located below Wheeler Peak in the Wheeler Peak Wilderness.  Taos Ski Valley lies just to the west of Wheeler Peak. Much of the central portion of the Taos Mountains is on Taos Pueblo land. As viewed from Taos, they are locally called "Taos Mountain."  The southern portion of the Taos Mountains, between Palo Flechado Pass and Tres Ritos (U.S. Route 64 and NM Route 518), is lower and less dramatic than the northern section, with its high point being Cerro Vista,. The Fernando Mountains are a small subrange lying in this section, just south of US Route 64.

Cimarron Range.

The Cimarron Range lies across the Moreno Valley to the east of the Taos Mountains. It is a lower range, with its highest point being Baldy Mountain at. The Philmont Scout Ranch lies on the east side of the Cimarron Range.

Rincon Mountains.

This is a minor subrange, significantly lower than the rest of the Sangre de Cristos; it lies east of the southernmost portion of the Taos Mountains.

Santa Fe Mountains.

Rounding out the Sangre de Cristo Mountains are the Santa Fe Mountains, which include all peaks south of NM Route 518. This group lies near Santa Fe and surrounds the Pecos Wilderness, which protects the source watershed of the Pecos River. The peaks include Truchas Peak,, as their highest point. Other notable peaks are Santa Fe Baldy () and Jicarita Peak (). The Pecos Wilderness is crossed by many trails and is popular for backpacking and for fishing in its high alpine lakes.

Geology.

The Sangre de Cristo Mountains were uplifted during the Cenozoic Laramide orogeny. They are bounded on the west by the Rio Grande rift and on the east by a series of reverse and thrust faults. Vertical displacement along the faults is at least, and gravity measurements suggest the uplift has been thrust eastward great distances. This faulting places Precambrian basement rock in contact with sedimentary strata along the eastern margin of the uplift except where igneous rocks have been intruded along the fault.

The Sangre de Cristo Mountains (Spanish for "Blood of Christ") are the southernmost subrange of the Rocky Mountains. They are located in southern Colorado and northern New Mexico in the United States. The mountains run from Poncha Pass in South-Central Colorado, trending southeast and south, ending at Glorieta Pass, southeast of Santa Fe, New Mexico. The mountains contain a number of fourteen thousand foot peaks in the Colorado portion, as well as all the peaks in New Mexico which are over thirteen thousand feet.

Les monts Sangre de Cristo sont une chaîne de montagne des Rocheuses situé dans le Colorado et le Nouveau-Mexique, aux États-Unis, et culminant à d'altitude au pic Blanca.


Pathophysiology.

Mast cell activation can be localized or systemic. MCAS can present with a wide range of symptoms in multiple body systems, these symptoms may range from digestive discomfort to chronic pain, mental issues as well as an anaphylactic reaction ( The Mastocytosis Society). Some examples of tissue specific consequences of mast cell activation include urticaria, allergic rhinitis, and wheezing. Systemic mast cell activation presents with symptoms involving 2 or more organ systems (skin: urticaria, angioedema, and flushing; gastrointestinal: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramping; cardiovascular: hypotensive syncope or near syncope and tachycardia; respiratory: wheezing; naso-ocular: conjunctival injection, pruritus, and nasal stuffiness). This can result from the release of mediators from a specific site, such as the skin or mucosal tissue, or activation of mast cells around the vasculature (Akin, 2017).

Signs and symptoms.

MCAS is a condition that affects multiple systems, generally in an inflammatory manner. Symptoms typically wax and wane over time, varying in severity and duration. Many signs and symptoms are the same as those for mastocytosis, because both conditions result in too many mediators released by mast cells. It has many overlapping characteristics with recurrent idiopathic anaphylaxis, although there are distinguishing symptoms, specifically hives and angioedema.  Common symptoms include:

Causes.

There are no known causes, but the condition appears to be inherited in some patients. Symptoms of MCAS are caused by excessive chemical mediators inappropriately released by mast cells. Mediators include leukotrienes, histamines, prostaglandin, and tryptase. The condition may be mild until exacerbated by stressful life events, or symptoms may develop and slowly trend worse with time.

Diagnosis.

MCAS is often difficult to identify due to the heterogeneity of symptoms and the "lack of flagrant acute presentation." The condition can also be difficult to diagnose, especially since many of the numerous symptoms are non-specific in nature. Mast cell activation was assigned an ICD 10 code (D89.40, along with subtype codes D89.41-43 and D89.49) in October 2016.  The World Health Organization has not published diagnostic criteria.

Treatment.

Common pharmacological treatments include:

Prognosis.

The prognosis of MCAS is uncertain because of lack of studies.

Epidemiology.

MCAS is a relatively new diagnosis, being unnamed until 2007, and is believed to be under-diagnosed.

History.

The condition was hypothesized by the pharmacologists John Oates and Jack Roberts of Vanderbilt University in 1991, and following a build-up of evidence featured in papers by Sonneck et al. and Akin et al., finally named in 2007.  Diagnostic criteria were proposed in 2010.

Mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) is one type of mast cell activation disorder (MCAD), and is an immunological condition in which mast cells inappropriately and excessively release chemical mediators, resulting in a range of chronic symptoms, sometimes including anaphylaxis or near-anaphylaxis attacks. Primary symptoms include cardiovascular, dermatological, gastrointestinal, neurological and respiratory problems.

Le syndrome d'activation mastocytaire (SAMA), communément appelé troubles de l'activation mastocytaire (MCAS en anglais), est une pathologie immunologique dans laquelle les mastocytes libèrent de façon inappropriée et excessive des médiateurs chimiques, provoquant un ensemble de symptômes chroniques, y compris le choc anaphylactique, ou un état approchant. Les symptômes principaux sont cardio-vasculaires, dermatologiques, gastro-intestinaux, neurologiques et respiratoires.