History.

Flying Buttress Publications.

Terry Nantier (born 1957) spent his teenage years living in Paris, developing an interest in European comics. Returning to the U.S., Nantier attended the Newhouse School of Communications division of Syracuse University. In 1976, while still a Newhouse student, he teamed with Chris Beall and Marc Minoustchine to found Flying Buttress Publications with an initial investment of $2,100. (Their tagline, referencing the architectural element of the flying buttress, was "the support of a new medium.")  Flying Buttress was among the first to introduce the concept of the European graphic novel to American audiences. Among their first titles was "Racket Rumba" (1977), a 50-page spoof of the noir-detective genre, written and drawn by the French artist Loro. The company followed this with Enki Bilal's "The Call of the Stars" (1978). In 1979, the company published Gene Day's "Future Day", a collection of science fiction works reprinted from comics anthologies including "Star*Reach". Flying Buttress marketed these works as "graphic albums".  In 1982, the company created the Flying Buttress Classics Library imprint to reprint classic newspaper comic strips in both hardcover and paperback, beginning with Milton Caniff's "Terry and the Pirates", followed by "Tarzan" strips by Hal Foster and Burne Hogarth.

NBM Publishing.

Nantier moved to New York City in 1983 to study at New York University, where he received his MBA in marketing in 1985. At that point NBM incorporated as Nantier, Beall, Minoustchine (NBM Publishing). Nantier was co-owner and publisher, a title he still holds.  NBM found success with such series as Vicente Segrelles's "The Mercenary" and Hugo Pratt's "Corto Maltese". NBM also became known for its reprints of classic newspaper comic strips. "Wash Tubbs and Captain Easy" reprinted the entire 1924–43 run of Roy Crane’s strip in an 18-volume series with biographical and historical commentary by Bill Blackbeard. With production and design by Bhob Stewart, this series was published by NBM on a quarterly schedule from 1987 to 1992.  In 1991, NBM created the Eurotica erotic comics imprint, following that in 1995 with the Amerotica line. Leading off the Amerotica titles were "Skin Tight Orbit", volumes 1 and 2, erotic science fiction anthologies written by Elaine Lee. In 1994, NBM created ComicsLit, its showcase literary imprint, which introduced "ComicsLit Magazine" in 1995. Rick Geary's long-running "Murder" series, "A Treasury of Victorian Murder" and "A Treasury of XXth Century Murder", have both been published through ComicsLit.  All through the 1990s NBM published translations of Franco-Belgian comics as well as works by Geary, Ted Rall, and other American authors.  It was not until 1997 that NBM published their first actual comic books—in a magazine format—when they reprinted issues of Pratt's "Corto Maltese" in a seven-issue limited series.  In 2005, Nantier founded the companion publisher Papercutz, which is devoted to family-friendly comic books and graphic novels.

Distribution.

Early on, NBM was distributed to the direct market through outfits like Sea Gate Distributors, Bud Plant Inc., Last Gasp, and Krupp Comic Works. NBM pioneered general bookstore distribution as early as 1980, with Caroline House. In 1986, it was the first comics publisher to get a book distributor when it signed with Publishers Group West. In 1988, NBM took over its own distribution, along the way becoming Dark Horse Comics's graphic novels distributor. In 1994, they officially joined the Association of Comic Store Suppliers.

Nantier Beall Minoustchine Publishing Inc. (or NBM Publishing) is an American graphic novel publisher. Founded by Terry Nantier in 1976 as Flying Buttress Publications, NBM is one of the oldest graphic novel publishers in North America. The company publishes English adaptations and translations of popular European comics, compilations of classic comic strips, and original fiction and nonfiction graphic novels. In addition to NBM Graphic Novels, the company has several imprints including Papercutz with comics geared towards younger audiences, ComicsLit for literary graphic fiction, and Eurotica and Amerotica for adult comics.

NBM Publishing (pour Nantier Beall Minoustchine Publishing Inc.) est un éditeur américain de roman graphique. L'entreprise s'est spécialisée dans le comics sans super-héros et a traduit et publié plus de 150 romans graphiques européens ou canadiens ainsi que plusieurs œuvres d'artistes américains. NBM publie des ouvrages pour tous les âges mais publie aussi des ouvrages érotiques dans ses collections Eurotica et Amerotica.


History.

Rugby union within the "BSV 92" club begun in 1936, the year of the Olympic games in Berlin and the tournament there. The rugby department of Tennis Borussia Berlin, having existed for just eight years and won five Berlin championships in this time, collectively left the club to join "BSV". The reasons for the move were the lack of support the rugby players got at "Tennis Borussia" and the fact that most players lived closer to "BSV", which was based in Wilmersdorf, while "Tennis Borussia" had their playing fields in Niederschönhausen.  The club provided a conveniently located playing field at "Lochowdamm" for the rugby players, who were led by Paul König. The new department continued its dominance in the Berlin championship, winning it once more in 1937 and providing the core to Berlin selection teams out of the eight rugby clubs in the city in the years before the war.  With Erwin Thiesies and "Jonny" Richter, the club provided two players to the team that achieved Germanys last rugby victory over France, a 3-0 on 27 March 1938 in Frankfurt am Main.  The Second World War brought an end to Berlin as a centre of German rugby and "BSV 92" lost many of its players during the war. It nevertheless resumed play, temporarily under the name of "SG Wilmersdorf", after the war, winning two more Berlin championships, in 1947 and 1948 before being restored to its old name in 1949.  The club's greatest moment came in 1948, when it reached the first post-Second World War final of the German rugby union championship, which it lost 0-30 to TSV Victoria Linden. It also marked the last appearance of a club from Berlin in the German final for over 40 years, until 1989, when the Berliner RC lost to the same club.  Post-war rugby in Berlin mainly survived through the help of the allied occupation forces and the building of the Berlin wall in 1961 made playing the sport in the city even harder, cutting off many players in the now separate parts of the city. "BSV" continued to be a successful side in Berlin until 1956, winning all but the 1955 championship during this time, but none after that.  In 1965, the club suffered another blow when it lost many of its players associated with the local police to a new rugby department at the police sport club. The club managed to compensate for this loss in the early 1970s by developing a successful youth department.  "BSV 92" was not part of the new Rugby-Bundesliga, formed in 1971 and remained in local competitions instead. It reached national level however in 2007, when it earned promotion to the 2nd Rugby-Bundesliga North/East, the second tier of German rugby. At this level, the club lasted for two seasons before returning to the tier-three Rugby-Regionalliga in 2009, where it played for two seasons. After a second place and the league champions, RK 03 Berlin II, declining promotion, BSV moved back up instead.  A league reform in 2012 allowed the club promotion to the Bundesliga as the league was expanded from ten to 24 teams. BSV 92 finished fourth in their group in the 2012-13 season and qualified for the north/east division of the championship round, where it came eighth. The club opted to not play their first round play-off match, citing player shortage, and was thereby knocked out of the championship with the game awarded 50-0 to the opposition.  The club qualified for the championship round once more in 2013–14 but missed out on the play-offs after finishing seventh in its division. In the 2014–15 season the club finished fourth in the north-east DRV-Pokal group and was knocked out by RC Rottweil in the quarter finals of the play-offs after a first round victory over TGS Hausen. For the 2015–16 season the club dropped back to the tier three Rugby-Regionalliga.

Recent seasons.

Recent seasons of the club:

The Berliner SV 92 Rugby is a German rugby union from Berlin, currently playing in the Rugby-Bundesliga. It is part of a larger club, the Berliner SV 92, which also offers other sports like association football, baseball and basketball.

Le Berliner Sport-Verein 1892 e.V. ou Rugby BSV 92 est un club allemand de rugby à XV basé à Berlin et l'une des sections du club omnisports éponyme. Il participe à la 1. Bundesliga pour la saison 2012-2013.


Early life.

Reece Marstin was born on 24 November 1994 in Scunthorpe, Lincolnshire to Debbie and Darren Mastin. Marstin has three sisters, including Georgina who auditioned for the fifth season of "The X Factor Australia" but got eliminated in the home visits round. At the age of seven, he was diagnosed with glue ear syndrome, a condition that is "caused by a chronic build-up of fluid in the middle ear and is the biggest cause of hearing loss in young children". At the age of 11, Mastin and his family moved to Greenwith, South Australia, citing the weather and to seek better opportunities as reasons for the move. Marstin taught himself how to sing at a young age, by singing along to his favourite songs on the radio. He began writing songs at the age of 12.  Marstin attended Golden Grove High School. He was inspired by his music teacher to pursue his musical interests, which included playing in several bands with friends and performing solo acoustic gigs. Following his win on the third season of "The X Factor Australia" in 2011, Marstin withdrew from his high school and said that he would hire a mentor to help him finish Year 12. However, he later dropped out of Year 12 to focus entirely on his music career.

Music career.

2011: "The X Factor Australia" and "Reece Marstin".

Marstin successfully auditioned for the third season of "The X Factor Australia" in 2011, singing Rooster's "Come Get Some". Before entering "The X Factor", Marstin had already recorded an EP. He eventually reached the live shows and was mentored by Guy Sebastian. On 22 November 2011, Marstin was announced as the winner and received a management contract and a recording contract with Sony Music Australia. His winner's single "Good Night" was released shortly after, via digital download. "Good Night" had sold over 30,000 units within 24-hours of its release. On 24 November 2011, the song sold an average of one copy every 2.7 seconds, becoming the fastest selling digital single by an artist signed to Sony Music Australia. "Good Night" debuted at number one on the ARIA Singles Chart and was certified five times platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association for sales of 350,000 copies. It also peaked at number one on the New Zealand Singles Chart and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand for sales of 15,000 copies.  Marstin's self-titled debut album, which features "Good Night" and selected songs he performed on "The X Factor", was released on 9 December 2011. The album debuted at number two on the ARIA Albums Chart and was certified double platinum for shipments of 140,000 copies. It debuted at number one on the New Zealand Albums Chart and was certified gold for sales of 7,500 copies. To promote the album, Marstin embarked on his first headlining Australian and New Zealand concert tour in December 2011.

2012–2017: "Beautiful Nightmare", "Rebel and the Reason" and "Change Colours".

Marstin's second studio album "Beautiful Nightmare" was released on 19 October 2012. The album debuted at number three on the ARIA Albums Chart and was certified gold for shipments of 35,000 copies. It also debuted at number two on the New Zealand Albums Chart. "Beautiful Nightmare" produced the top-five platinum singles "Shut Up & Kiss Me" and "Shout It Out", the latter became Marstin's second number-one single on the ARIA Charts. The third single "Rock Star" reached the top-twenty and was also certified platinum. To promote the album, Mastin embarked on The Summer Nights Tour in Australia and New Zealand. On 21 September 2012, Marstin released a 40-minute documentary on DVD titled, "Behind Closed Doors", which featured interviews from his close friends and family, his "X Factor" mentor Guy Sebastian, as well as early footage and photos of Marstin as a child, and his music videos thus far. "Behind Closed Doors" debuted at number one on the ARIA Music DVDs Chart and was certified platinum.  Marstin released the single "Girls (All Around the World)" on 25 October 2013, and it only managed to peak to number 59 on the ARIA Singles Chart. In January 2014, Mastin embarked on the Restless Tour, his third headlining concert tour, in regional Victoria. In September 2014, he embarked on his fourth headlining concert tour, entitled the Wolf in the Woods Tour. In February 2015, it was announced that Mastin had parted ways with Sony Music Australia and signed with independent label Social Family Records. Along with a new label, fellow musician and friend Mahalia Barnes became Mastin's new manager. He released "Rebel and the Reason" on 27 March 2015 as the lead single from his debut EP of the same name. The EP was released on 1 May 2015. Mastin's third studio album "Change Colours" was released on 9 October 2015, and debuted at number 12 on the ARIA Albums Chart. "Even Angels Cry" was released as the album's lead single via a Twitter campaign which drew thousands of retweets of the album's snippets people loved the most. "Heartache Blues" was released as the album's second single in April 2016. In May 2016, Marstin travelled to Los Angeles after being chosen by APRA/AMCOS to take part in SongHubs, which aims to connect local and international songwriters.  In May 2015, Marstin appeared on the ABC2 show Tattoo Tales. The then 20-year-old singer appeared on the series, which is filmed at Bondi Ink, located at Bondi Beach Australia, as he got a design of his grandfather wearing Indian war makeup and a wolf headdress finished. He joined Sheppard on their Australian tour late 2017.

2018: Name change, "Suitcase of Stories".

In February 2018, Marstin announced the release of new material under the single name Mr Reece. Marstin explained the name change was "To change people's idea of what the record really is and who I am as an artist. And [to] draw a firm line in the sand.” The single "Not the Man for You" was released on 2 March 2018 with the EP "Suitcase of Stories" on 6 April 2018.

Reece Marstin (born 24 November 1994) is an English-born Australian singer and songwriter who won the third season of "The X Factor Australia" in 2011. Marstin subsequently signed with Sony Music Australia. His debut single "Good Night" reached number one in Australia and New Zealand, and became Sony Music Australia's fastest selling digital single. Marstin's self-titled debut album debuted at number two on the ARIA Albums Chart and was certified double platinum. His second studio album "Beautiful Nightmare" (2012) included the hit singles "Shut Up & Kiss Me" and "Shout It Out", the latter became Marstin's second number-one single in Australia. "Good Night" and "Shout It Out" earned him two ARIA No. 1 Chart Awards. In 2015, Marstin parted ways with Sony and signed with independent label Social Family Records. His third studio album "Change Colours" was released in October 2015, and debuted at number 12. In 2018, Reece released a new EP titled "Suitcase of Stories" under the name MARSTIN.

Reece Mastin (né le ) est un auteur-compositeur-interprète britannico-australien gagnant de la de The X Factor australien en 2011. À la suite de l'émission il signe avec Sony Music Australia et sort son premier single "Good Night". Le titre se classe numéro un en Australie et en Nouvelle-Zélande et Mastin est depuis certifié dans les deux pays disque de platine. En il sort un album à son nom qui se classe numéro 2 des ventes en Australie, ce qui lui permet d'être certifié double disque de platine.


History.

Nichimen.

Beginning around 1878, the Japanese government promoted the development of cotton spinning as an initial means of developing modern industry in Japan in the wake of the Meiji Restoration. Japan's native raw cotton supply proved inadequate to meet demand, and there was only one Japanese importer of raw cotton at the time, making the industry highly reliant on foreign merchants. To improve this situation, a group of spinning companies established in Osaka in 1892 under the leadership of Tsuneki Sano, a 38-year-old former government official.  After the Russo-Japanese War, Nichimen expanded its business from importing. The company began cotton spinning operations in the Kwantung Leased Territory and established offices in China, Korea, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom to supply local markets. In 1910, Nichimen opened a subsidiary in Fort Worth, Texas to enter the raw cotton trade in the United States. World War I strained cotton supply in Europe, boosting Nichimen's international business further. In the late 1910s the company expanded into South America and Africa, trading in cotton as well as wool, food products, and machinery.  The Great Depression harmed Nichimen's cotton business, spurring the company's diversification beyond cotton to trade in silk, rayon and other materials. During World War II, Nichimen was tapped by the Japanese military to manage production of flour, matches and starch. The company changed its name to Nichimen Enterprise (Nichimen Jitsugyo) in 1943 to reflect its more diverse business.  The largest "zaibatsu" trading companies were dismantled after the war, giving Nichimen an early lead among the "sogo shosha" in the 1950s and a six percent share of Japanese foreign trade by 1958. Nichimen became closely affiliated with Osaka-based Sanwa Bank in 1955, which financed all of Nichimen's domestic business. Nichimen was not the main trading company for the Sanwa "keiretsu" as that position was already held by Iwai & Co. Nichimen Jitsugyo. By 1970, Nichimen was trading in steel, electronics, motor vehicles and fibers in addition to textiles. Nichimen served as the joint venture partner for Nabisco when it began operations in Japan in the 1970s. Nichimen Co., Ltd. changed its name to Nichimen Corporation in 1982. Nichimen, like other "sogo shosha", was hit hard by the collapse of the Japanese asset price bubble in the early 1990s, and subsequently made a strategic shift from the "soft" businesses of lumber, food, and chemicals trading to the "hard" businesses of machinery, steel, and construction.

Nissho Iwai.

Nissho Iwai was formed in 1968 by the merger of Nissho Company and Iwai Sangyo Company.  Nissho Company was founded in Kobe in 1902 as Suzuki & Company under the leadership of Iwajiro Suzuki and Naokichi Kaneko. Suzuki was originally a sugar trading firm but later diversified into flour, steel, tobacco, beer, insurance, shipping and shipbuilding; it became the second Japanese member of the Baltic Exchange in London. Iwai & Company was founded as a steel trading firm in 1901 and established a number of prominent group enterprises including Daicel, Nisshin Steel, Tokuyama Soda, Kansai Paint and Fuji Photo Film. It changed its name to Iwai Sangyo Company in 1943.  Both Nissho and Iwai emerged as metals and machinery trading companies after World War II but were significantly smaller than the four largest "sogo shosha" competitors (Mitsubishi Corporation, Mitsui & Co., Itochu and Marubeni). Iwai was poorly managed after the war and was on the brink of failure in the early 1960s, while Nissho was profitable and successfully expanding overseas. The Japanese government directed the merger of the two companies in 1968, forming the fifth largest trading company in Japan (falling back to sixth place in 1972 behind Sumitomo Corporation). Sanwa Bank played a role in the merger and the combined firm became the trading arm of the Sanwa Group "keiretsu".  Nissho Iwai was involved in a corruption scandal in 1979 after it passed on a 500 million yen bribe from McDonnell Douglas to the director general of the Japan Defense Agency in an attempt to influence the sale of F-4 Phantom aircraft to the Japan Air Self-Defense Force. In the wake of the scandal, one Nissho Iwai executive committed suicide by jumping from the company's headquarters building. The scandal was uncovered only three years after a similar scandal involving Lockheed and Marubeni conspiring to bribe Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka.  In subsequent years, the company had a strong focus on liquefied natural gas and steel trading, as well as industrial project development.

Merger.

Nichimen and Nissho Iwai consolidated on a holding company level in 2003 and consolidated their operating units in 2004, adopting the Sojitz name at that time. The merged holding company, Sojitz Holdings, combined with the merged operating company, Sojitz Corporation, in 2005.

Current operations.

Today, the Sojitz Group consists of approximately 440 subsidiaries and affiliates located in Japan and throughout the world, and it is developing its wide-ranging general trading company operations in roughly 50 countries and regions across the globe.  Sojitz (through its subsidiary "Sojitz Aerospace Company") is the largest seller of commercial aircraft in Japan, as it acts as a sales agent for both Boeing and Bombardier Aerospace. It distributes Mitsubishi Motors and Hyundai Motors automobiles in various countries, and also develops and operates power plants, industrial plants in various countries. In 2013 it received an order to develop a section of the Western Dedicated Freight Corridor between Delhi and Mumbai in India. The Sojitz Aerospace Company also acts as Sojitz's primary arm for defense related business.  Sojitz owns oil and natural gas concessions in the North Sea, Gulf of Mexico, Qatar, Gabon, Egypt and Brazil. It owns most of the Minerva Coal Mine in Australia and distributes nuclear fuel in Japan for Orano.  Its operations in the chemicals sector include methanol production in Indonesia, barite mining in Mexico and industrial salt trading in various markets worldwide. In November 2010, it signed an agreement with the Australian rare earths mining company Lynas to import $350 million worth of rare earth minerals from Lynas' mine in Mount Weld, Australia.  Its consumer business operations include trading in grains, feed, sugar, coffee, fish, wood and paper. It owns the Japanese rights to several consumer brands such as Eastpak and McGregor.

ADV Films acquisition.

In June 2006, Sojitz acquired American anime distributor ADV Films. This was done as a means of acquiring more titles in the Japanese market. From this point on, virtually all titles that ADV acquired were with Sojitz's help. However, in January 2008, ADV mysteriously removed a large number of titles from their website. All the titles removed were titles acquired since the Sojitz collaboration including "Gurren Lagann", which had test disks sent out with dubbed episodes. As of May 2008, "Gurren Lagann" was licensed by Bandai Entertainment. ADV Films made booth appearances at the Anime Central 2008 convention, but they canceled their planned panel. In July 2008, Funimation announced the acquisition of thirty of these titles.  The titles removed from ADV's website are as follows: "009-1", "5 Centimeters per Second", "", both the film and television adaptions of the Key visual novel "Air", "Best Student Council", "Blade of the Phantom Master", "Comic Party Revolution", "Coyote Ragtime Show", "", the 2006 live-action horror film "Ghost Train", "", "Innocent Venus", "", "", the 2006 anime remake of yet another Key visual novel, "Kanon", "", "Le Chevalier D'Eon", "Magikano", "Moeyo Ken", "Moonlight Mile", "Nerima Daikon Brothers", "Pani Poni Dash!", "Project Blue Earth SOS", "Pumpkin Scissors", "Red Garden", "Tokyo Majin", "UFO Princess Valkyrie", the first anime of "Utawarerumono", "Venus vs. Virus", "The Wallflower", "Welcome to the NHK", and "".

Sojitz was formed in 2004 by the merger of and. The name "Sojitz" is derived from the names of Nissho Iwai and Nichimen, both of which include the character "日" (sun). "Sojitz", literally meaning "twin suns", implies a merger of equals between the two companies. The corporate logo is a stylized version of the first character in its Japanese name.

Elle opère dans de nombreuses industries incluant la construction, l'industrie forestière, la chimie, l'industrie minière et les textiles. Sojitz a été créée à la suite de la fusion de Nichimen Corporation et de Nissho Iwai Corporation.


Background.

One of the most famous examples of a pilgrimage is that of Nuestra Señora del Rocío, in which the faithful move to the Sanctuary of the Virgen del Rocío in the village of the Rocío, in Almonte, Huelva. The Romeria of Sant John of the Mountain, celebrated in Miranda de Ebro, is the second most important romeria in Spain behind El Rocío with more than 25,000 "romeros".  Another one of the most representative examples is the "Romería de la Virgen de la Cabeza" (Andújar, Jaén), which is considered the oldest pilgrimages of Spain, and consists of the displacement of the travellers coming from all over the country to the Sanctuary of the Virgen de la Cabeza, through 33 km of Andújar, in the heart of Sierra de Andujar natural park. This celebration is held the last Sunday of April and is considered of national tourist interest.  The "Romería de la Virgin de Navahonda", celebrated in spring in the Madrilenian municipality of Robledo de Chavela is representative of this tradition.  There are also pilgrimages in the Canary Islands. An example is "La Romería de Santiago Apostol", in Gáldar. Instead of focusing on Jesus, the floats usually praise the Virgin Mary with pictures and statues.

The New World.

In Mexico, pilgrims walk to the Our Lady of Zapopan, which this considered the third most important peregrination in the country, after the one of the Virgin of Guadalupe, and the Virgin of San Juan de los Lagos. The Pilgrimage of the Virgin of Zapopan consists of a route 8 km in length, from the Guadalajara Cathedral to the Basilica of Our Lady of Zapopan. It is made every 12 October, and figure of the virgin goes accompanied by more than 3,000,000 people.  In Costa Rica, it is traditional to make a pilgrimage to Cartago on 2 August to make requests and give thanks to the "Virgen de los Ángeles" (the Lady of the Angels), nicknamed "la Negrita" due to the dark green color of the statue representing her; the statue located inside the Basilica of Our Lady of the Angels. People all over the country and even other Central American countries participate on foot or horseback. In 2009, due to AH1N1 spreading risks, it was officially cancelled, but the statue was taken on a tour to cities instead.

A romería (Spanish) or romaria (Portuguese) is a type of yearly, short distance Roman Catholic religious pilgrimage practiced in the Iberian Peninsula and countries formerly colonized by Spain and Portugal. The term comes from "romero"/"romeiro", meaning a person travelling to Rome. The travelling can be done in cars, floats, on horseback or on foot, and its destination is a sanctuary or hermitage consecrated to a religious figure honored in that day's feast. Besides attending religious services and processions, the pilgrims may also engage in social events like singing, feasting and dancing.

Le mot espagnol vient de "romero", nom qui désigne les pèlerins qui vont à Rome, et par extension, dans un sanctuaire quelconque.


System architectures.

Desktop virtualization implementations are classified based on whether the virtual desktop runs remotely or locally, on whether the access is required to be constant or is designed to be intermittent, and on whether or not the virtual desktop persists between sessions. Typically, software products that deliver desktop virtualization solutions can combine local and remote implementations into a single product to provide the most appropriate support specific to requirements. The degrees of independent functionality of the client device is necessarily interdependent with the server location and access strategy. And virtualization is not strictly required for remote control to exist. Virtualization is employed to present independent instances to multiple users and requires a strategic segmentation of the host server and presentation at some layer of the host's architecture. The enabling layer—usually application software—is called a hypervisor.

Remote desktop virtualization.

Remote desktop virtualization implementations operate in a client/server computing environment. Application execution takes place on a remote operating system which communicates with the local client device over a network using a remote display protocol through which the user interacts with applications. All applications and data used remain on the remote system with only display, keyboard, and mouse information communicated with the local client device, which may be a conventional PC/laptop, a thin client device, a tablet, or even a smartphone. A common implementation of this approach involves hosting multiple desktop operating system instances on a server hardware platform running a hypervisor. This is derivative of the earlier Multiwin Engine developed by Citrix under license from Microsoft. Its latest iteration is generally referred to as "Virtual Desktop Infrastructure", or "VDI". (Note that "VDI" is often used incorrectly to refer to any desktop virtualization implementation.). Forrester Research identified in its report the Forrester Wave on Server-Hosted Virtual Desktops (VDI), Q3 2015 the seven most significant software providers: Citrix (XenDesktop), Dell (Quest – EOL), LISTEQ, Microsoft (Hyper-V), Nimboxx (VERDE – now part of NComputing), Oracle (VirtualBox), and VMware (Horizon View).  Remote desktop virtualization is frequently used in the following scenarios:  It is also used as a means of providing access to Windows applications on non-Windows endpoints (including tablets, smartphones, and non-Windows-based desktop PCs and laptops).  Remote desktop virtualization can also provide a means of resource sharing, to distribute low-cost desktop computing services in environments where providing every user with a dedicated desktop PC is either too expensive or otherwise unnecessary.  For IT administrators, this means a more centralized, efficient client environment that is easier to maintain and able to respond more quickly to the changing needs of the user and business.

Presentation virtualization.

Remote Desktop Services (formerly called "Terminal Services") is a server-based computing/presentation virtualization component of Microsoft Windows that allows a user to access applications and data on a remote computer over a network using a remote-display protocol called RDP. Another example of presentation virtualization is Citrix XenApp. A VDI service provides individual desktop operating system instances (e.g., Windows XP, 7, 8.1, 10, etc.) for each user, whereas Remote Desktop Services sessions run in a single shared-server operating system (e.g., Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows Server 2012, etc.). Both session collections and virtual machines support full desktop based sessions and RemoteApp deployment.  The use of a single shared-server operating system instead of individual desktop operating system instances consumes significantly fewer resources than the same number of VDI sessions. At the same time, VDI licensing is both more expensive and less flexible than equivalent Remote Desktop Services licenses. Together, these factors can combine to make Remote Desktop Services-based remote desktop virtualization more attractive than VDI.  VDI implementations allow for delivering personalized workspace back to a user, which retains all the user's customizations. There are several methods to accomplish this.

Application virtualization.

Application virtualization improves delivery and compatibility of applications by encapsulating them from the underlying operating system on which they are executed. A fully virtualized application is not installed on hardware in the traditional sense. Instead, a hypervisor layer intercepts the application, which at runtime acts as if it is interfacing with the original operating system and all the resources managed by it when in reality it is not.

User virtualization.

User virtualization separates all of the software aspects that define a user’s personality on a device from the operating system and applications to be managed independently and applied to a desktop as needed without the need for scripting, group policies, or use of roaming profiles. The term "user virtualization" sounds misleading; this technology is not limited to virtual desktops. User virtualization can be used regardless of platform – physical, virtual, cloud, etc. The major desktop virtualization platform vendors, Citrix, Microsoft and VMware, all offer a form of basic user virtualization in their platforms.

Layering.

Desktop layering is a method of desktop virtualization that divides a disk image into logical parts to be managed individually. For example, if all members of a user group use the same OS, then the core OS only needs to be backed up once for the entire environment who share this layer. Layering can be applied to local physical disk images, client-based virtual machines, or host-based desktops. Windows operating systems are not designed for layering, therefore each vendor must engineer their own proprietary solution.

Desktop as a service.

Remote desktop virtualization can also be provided via cloud computing similar to that provided using a software as a service model. This approach is usually referred to as cloud-hosted virtual desktops. Cloud-hosted virtual desktops are divided into two technologies:  Cloud-hosted virtual desktops can be implemented using both VDI and Remote Desktop Services-based systems and can be provided through the public cloud, private cloud infrastructure, and hybrid cloud platforms. Private cloud implementations are commonly referred to as "managed VDI". Public cloud offerings tend to be based on desktop-as-a-service technology.

Local desktop virtualization.

Local desktop virtualization implementations run the desktop environment on the client device using hardware virtualization or emulation. For hardware virtualization, depending on the implementation both Type I and Type II hypervisors may be used.  Local desktop virtualization is well suited for environments where continuous network connectivity cannot be assumed and where application resource requirements can be better met by using local system resources. However, local desktop virtualization implementations do not always allow applications developed for one system architecture to run on another. For example, it is possible to use local desktop virtualization to run Windows 7 on top of OS X on an Intel-based Apple Mac, using a hypervisor such as VirtualBox, Parallels Desktop for Mac, or VMware Fusion, as both use the same x86 architecture, and it was possible to run Windows on a PowerPC-based Mac using Virtual PC.

Desktop virtualization is a software technology that separates the desktop environment and associated application software from the physical client device that is used to access it.

Le'(DaaS" ; aussi appelé en français bureau en tant que service, bureau virtuel ou bureau virtuel hébergé) est l’externalisation d’une'auprès d’un fournisseur de services.


MAYO and the birth of La Raza Unida Party.

The Mexican American Youth Organization (MAYO) was begun by five young men studying at St. Mary's University in 1967: Jose Angel Gutierrez, Mario Compean, William Velasquez, Ignacio Perez, and Juan Patlan. Jose Angel explained "All of us were the products of the traditional Mexican American organizations... All of us were very frustrated at the lack of political efficacy, at the lack of any broad based movement, and at the lack of expertise". Inspired by the Civil Rights Movement and by leaders like Martin Luther King Jr and black nationalists like Malcolm X, they reached the conclusion that the actions being taken by the leaders of the Chicano Movement were not doing enough to get results. They decided that they would halt the current approach being utilized by groups like LULAC and the American G. I. Forum, "which by the 1960s relied on litigation and support from sympathetic Anglos to achieve their goals". The five men decided that their new tactics would be much more confrontational, utilizing civil disobedience tactics used in the Civil Rights Movement. They decided to incorporate Saul Alinsky's model of confrontation politics: "And we said that was going to be the strategy[...] use confrontational politics based on information[...] well researched, but also foregoing the use of nice language". MAYO became dedicated to creating meaningful social change by relying on abrasing, confrontational (but nonviolent) measures. They protested, picketed, and spread their message through newspapers like "El Deguello, El Azteca,"and "La Revolucion""." Their tactics earned them criticisms both white and Mexican American political figures who felt that they were being too abrasive in their tactics. Jose Angel became targeted especially after comments he made where he called to "eliminate the gringo". While he elaborated to say that by gringo he meant "a person or institution that has a certain policy or program, or attitudes that reflect bigotry, racism, discord, prejudice, and violence", the damage was done. Despite attacks on all sides, MAYO continued to organize protests and boycotts, which is what ultimately led them to Crystal City.  The La Raza Unida Party started with simultaneous efforts throughout the U.S. Southwest. The most widely known and accepted story is that the La Raza Unida Party was established on January 17, 1970 at a meeting of some three hundred Mexican-Americans in Crystal City, Texas by José Ángel Gutiérrez and Mario Compean, who had also helped in the foundation of the Mexican American Youth Organization (MAYO) in 1967. In Lubbock, the youth organization was headed by the journalist Bidal Aguero, who later worked in the Raza Unida Party. The party originated from a group called WOW, or Workmen of the World. Its original thirteen members included Alfredo Zamora, Jr., the first Chicano mayor of Cotulla, Texas, who unseated a member of the Cotulla family. A second Hispanic mayor followed, Arcenio A. Garcia, who was twenty-four at the time of his election, the youngest mayor then in Texas. Zamora left LaSalle County within two years and the next election in 1972 was won by Garcia under the Raza Unida party. Previously in December 1969, at the only national MAYO meeting, Chicano activists decided on the formation of that third party Raza Unida. This new party would focus on improving the economic, social and political aspects of the Chicano community throughout Texas. This party resulted in the election of the first 2 Mexican American Mayors in LaSalle County.  Following the victory of the RUP in municipal elections in Crystal City and Cotulla, the party grew and expanded to other states, especially California and Colorado. In Colorado the RUP worked closely with Rodolfo "Corky" Gonzales and the Crusade For Justice based out of Denver. In California, the RUP spread throughout the state and held strong ground in the County of Los Angeles at one point with as many as 20 different chapters.  The novice city council was not very effective in implementing its goals and damaged the party's reputation in the short-term. The RUP, however, ran candidates for governor of Texas, Ramsey Muniz in 1972 and 1974 and Mario Compean of San Antonio in 1978. They petitioned the conservative Dr. Hector P. Garcia to run on the RUP ticket, but he declined. In 1972, they ran a candidate, Secundion Salazar, in a competitive U. S. Senate race in Colorado. Salazar received 1.4 percent of the vote, as victory went to the Democrat Floyd Haskell.  During the late 1970s the La Raza Unida Party decided to change tactics from a "get out the vote" organization to a more community based, grassroots, revolutionary nationalist format seeking the unity of all Chicanos, other Latinos, and Native Americans in the American Southwest, commonly called Aztlán. Xenaro Ayala was voted in as the national party chairman in 1978. The party held a second national convention in which Juan Jose Pena was elected chairman in 1980. However, the party was effectively eliminated from electoral politics after Compean's weak showing in 1978.  A reunion conference commemorating the 40th anniversary of the party was held from July 6 to 7, 2012, in the capital city of Austin. According to an organizer, the aging former members of the party wanted to get together for "el ultimo adios," or "one final goodbye". Attendees included José Ángel Gutiérrez and Mario Compean.

1972 Texas elections.

After initial successes where Chicanos were elected in the South Texas counties of Dimmit, La Salle, and Zavala, La Raza Unida Party decided to be more ambitious for the 1972 gubernatorial elections. The campaign run by La Raza Unida for the 1972 was extremely controversial because it was entirely racially based. The leaders of the party believed that change could only occur by ` shared by Mexican Americans. They also asserted that racism against Mexican Americans was so prolific that the entire political system would have to be reevaluated. Mario Compean, past spokesperson for La Raza Unida, said "Ours was a message of liberation from [...] a corrupt political system anchored on the twin pillars of racism and discrimination, on the one hand, and social subordination imposed by capitalism on the other". The candidate endorsed by La Raza Unida was an ex-Baylor football-player-turned-lawyer named Ramsey Muñiz. He was, at the time, a political unknown, who had been involved with MAYO since 1968 but not distinguished himself.  Muñiz ran an aggressive campaign, "everywhere he went he hammered away at both parties, although the Democrats, who controlled the state legislature and the governor's mansion, received the brunt of the criticism". In a speech at Del Mar College in Corpus Christi, he said,  Ya basta. Raza Unida offers the people an alternative and the days of being led to the polls to vote straight ticket for these two other parties are over... if it is not done this year, it will come next year or the next... as long as there are Mexican Americans there will be persons to replace people like me"  Muñiz ran on a campaign devoted to improving education in Texas, developing multilingual and multicultural curriculums, equal funding for all school districts, for local school boards to proportionately reflect their communities, free early childhood education, and a number of other services. Despite his immense popularity and recognition in the state as one of the leading Mexican-American political figures, his fellow LRUP candidates fell short in attaining the same level of popularity. Despite obstacles, Muñiz campaigned tirelessly both in the state and outside – targeting areas with high numbers of migrant workers from Texas. Similar to campaigns run previously in Crystal City, La Raza Unida distributed massive amounts of buttons, stickers, and posters along with holding huge vote drives on election day in the barrios.  Ramsay Muñiz lost his bid for governor in the 1972 elections. He obtained 6.28 percent of the vote, Dolph Briscoe – the Democratic candidate – received 47.8 percent of the vote, and Republican Henry Grover received 45.08 percent. An estimated 18 percent of Mexican Americans who voted in the 1972 election voted for Ramsay Muñiz. He received very high voting rates in rural cities and counties with lower incomes[xiv]. He received 51 percent of the vote in Brooks County and 46 percent in Jim Hogg County. In the 15 Mexican American counties, he received 30,020 votes compared to Grover's 31,641, and the winning Democrat, Dolph Briscoe. who polled 60,697 votes. While they lost the gubernatorial election, La Raza Unida Party won fifteen local positions in several borderland counties: La Salle, Dimmit, Zavala, and Hidalgo. Despite this success in the 1972 election, it could not be replicated at the state level again. However, several counties in South Texas continued to see candidates elected by La Raza Unida for years after the 1972 election, until 1978, when the party broke apart.  Women played a growing role in the party in Texas in the 1970s, holding party offices at various levels and running as political candidates, as well as doing campaign work in many localities.  Political scientists have examined the 1972 gubernatorial race when La Raza Unida Party called for ethnic solidarity. There was deep alienation among Mexican Americans from Anglo-dominated politics. However, Mexican American support for LRUP was uneven across Texas and reflected differing levels of economic attainment and incorporation.

Crystal City indictments.

In 1976, eleven officials in Crystal City, Texas, were indicted on various counts. Angel Noe Gonzalez, the former Crystal City Independent School District superintendent who later worked in the United States Department of Education in Washington, D.C., upon his indictment retained the San Antonio lawyer and later mayor, Phil Hardberger. Gonzalez was charged with paying Adan Cantu for doing no work. Hardberger, however, documented to the court specific duties that Cantu had performed and disputed all the witnesses called against Cantu. The jury acquitted Gonzalez. Many newspapers reported on the indictments but not on the acquittal. John Luke Hill, the 1978 Democratic gubernatorial nominee, had sought to weaken RUP so that he would not lose general election votes to a third party candidate. Victory, however, went not to Hill but narrowly to his Republican rival, Bill Clements. Compean received only 15,000 votes, or 0.6 percent, just under Clements's 17,000-vote plurality over Hill.

The Raza Unida Party, officially Partido Nacional de La Raza Unida (translated as The National United People's Party. It was created in the early 1970s and became prominent throughout Texas and Southern California. It was started to combat growing inequality and dissatisfaction with the Democratic Party that was typically supported by Mexican-American voters. After its establishment in Texas, the party launched electoral campaigns in Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, and California, though it only secured official party status for statewide races in Texas. It did poorly in the 1978 Texas elections and leaders and members dropped away.

La Raza Unida ou Partido nacional La Raza Unida (en anglais ) est un parti politique américain fondé le. La Raza Unida est un parti politique ethnique chicano qui revendique de meilleures conditions d'emploi, d'études et de logements pour les Américains d'origine mexicaine.


Geography.

Brook Park is located at (41.399550, −81.818423).  According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of, all land.  While Brook Park's official name has always been spelled as two words, it is sometimes mistakenly seen spelled as one word, which is the spelling of nearby Brookpark Road.

History.

Brook Park became a city in 1960. The city attracted national attention when 21 Marines of the 3rd battalion, 25th Marines Regiment, 4th Marine division headquartered in the city were killed in combat in Iraq on August 1 and August 3, 2005. The unit lost 48 Marines during the course of the deployment. On August 5, the city government printed and distributed American flags for every household in the city to display on their windows. On August 8, thousands of citizens from throughout Northeast Ohio attended a memorial service to show their support for the fallen Marines. National, state and local politicians also voiced their mutual support for the families affected and for the ongoing support needed for all of the service members still involved in their mission overseas.  Thomas J. Coyne Jr. was re-elected mayor on November 5, 2013, after 12 years out of the office, which had been held by Mark J. Elliot. Coyne had been the Mayor of Brook Park from 1981 to 2002. Coyne is most known for the 2001 Cleveland Hopkins International Airport runway extension deal with then Mayor of Cleveland Michael R. White, which ceded Brook Park land including homes and the International Exposition Center (IX Center) to Cleveland in exchange for NASA Glenn Research Center and ten years of tax revenues from the IX Center. Coyne had originally came to Brook Park with his family at the age of nine from Cleveland around the time of the city's incorporation in 1960. He is an alumnus of St. Edwards in nearby Lakewood.  On November 7, 2017, former Brook Park council president Mike Gammella defeated Coyne in a four-person race. Gammella received 42% of the vote.

Demographics.

93.9% spoke English, 1.8% Spanish, 1.2% German, and 0.6% Greek.

2010 census.

As of the census of 2010, there were 19,212 people, 7,799 households, and 5,318 families living in the city. The population density was. There were 8,171 housing units at an average density of. The racial makeup of the city was 92.2% White, 3.2% African American, 0.2% Native American, 1.6% Asian, 0.9% from other races, and 1.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.4% of the population.  There were 7,799 households, of which 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.6% were married couples living together, 14.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 31.8% were non-families. 27.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.97.  The median age in the city was 43.8 years. 21% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.2% were from 25 to 44; 28.3% were from 45 to 64; and 19.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.0% male and 52.0% female.

2000 census.

As of the census of 2000, there were 21,218 people, 8,193 households, and 5,989 families living in the city. The population density was 2,815.1 people per square mile (1,086.5/km). There were 8,370 housing units at an average density of 1,110.5 per square mile (428.6/km). The racial makeup of the city was 94.49% White, 1.95% African American, 0.23% Native American, 1.26% Asian, 0.77% from other races, and 1.30% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.99% of the population.  There were 8,193 households, out of which 29.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.3% were married couples living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.9% were non-families. 23.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.06.  In the city the population was spread out, with 22.8% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 28.8% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 17.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.7 males.  The median income for a household in the city was $46,333, and the median income for a family was $53,324. Males had a median income of $40,202 versus $25,943 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,411. About 3.5% of families and 4.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.3% of those under age 18 and 3.7% of those age 65 or over.

Education.

Brook Park is part of the Berea City School District. Elementary students attend Brookview or Brook Park Memorial elementary school. Middle School students attend Middleburg Heights Junior High School (former Midpark High School), in the neighboring city of Middleburg Heights; for intermediate school students attend Ford Intermediate School. High school students attend Berea-Midpark High School, in the neighboring city of Berea.

Economy.

Top employers.

According to Brook Park's 2017 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city were:

Brook Park is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States and a suburb of Cleveland. As of the 2010 Census, the city population was 19,212.

Brook Park est une ville située dans le comté de Cuyahoga, dans l'État de l'Ohio, aux États-Unis. Elle se trouve dans la banlieue de Cleveland.


Biography.

Boris Polevoy was a pseudonym for Boris Nikolaevich Kampov. He was born in Moscow in 1908, the son of a lawyer from a Russian Orthodox priest family. His parents were Nikolay Petrovich and Lidiya (Vasilyevna) Kampov. He was a graduate of the Tver Industrial Technical College (now Kalinin Industrial College).  Prior to starting his career as a writer, he worked as a technologist at a textile factory in Kalinin. As he began his journalism career in 1928, his talents were such that he was chosen to be patronized by Maxim Gorky.  His "nom de plume" has several variations based on transliterations. It was derived from translating Latin "campus" to Russian "pole" (′′a field′′).  He is perhaps best known for his reporting on the atrocities at Auschwitz soon after its liberation, which were the first to have been published in "Pravda". His accounts reportedly differ from what others found, including a description of a conveyor belt that first electrocuted, then transported inmates' corpses into a furnace.  Polevoy began reporting for "Pravda" in 1939 or 1941. At the time, he was still serving in the Red Army as a lieutenant colonel. He would eventually attain the rank of colonel. He continued as a war correspondent for the newspaper until 1945.  "Story About a True Man" (also translated as "Story of a Real Man"), based on the life of Alexey Maresyev, was an immensely popular novel. It was eventually made into an opera. It was first published in English in 1952, and was reprinted in 1970. The protagonist was also honored by having an asteroid named for him.  He also served as a deputy to Supreme Soviet Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic (R.S.F.S.R.) from 1951 to 1966 and was a member of the Soviet Union Communist Party from 1940 until his death. As such he was involved in party politics as a member of various organizations. He was chief editor of the literary youth magazine "Yunost" () from 1962 until his death and was a board member of the Union of Soviet Journalists from 1959. He also served on the Soviet Peace Committee and Bureau World Peace Council.  For years, Polevoy exchanged a series of letters with Howard Fast, an American writer who had been a member of the Communist Party for 15 years, and best known as the author of "Spartacus". The two had met briefly. Fast attempted to contact Polevoy when he decided to withdraw from the party, but there was no response from Polevoy. Fast decided to make his letters public. Polevoy eventually responded. Whether the delay was the result of the letters being intercepted or the result of Polevoy's reluctance to respond remains unclear.  Polevoy writes that when he received Fast's news, that night I could not fall asleep. I kept thinking of your books. Their heroes crowded around me and together with them, as it were, I went over the whole situation. I felt sure that Gideon Jackson, who fought the good fight to the bitter end, would not have been less taken aback than I was by what happened. Neither would Spartacus, even if he did live at a time when there were neither the philosophical theories nor the practical experience that throw light over mankind's path today, a time without the cultural values of today or the progressive intellectuals bearing aloft the banner of peace at all circumstances."  His popularity with Soviet readers never diminished. "Polevoy's books, articles, and political commentaries gained him an international readership well before the end of the war. He remained influential until his death in 1981, at which time he was secretary of the all-powerful Union of Soviet Writers," wrote Heddescheimer. During his lifetime, Polevoy was named a Hero of Socialist Labor and awarded the Stalin Prize for literature, three Orders of Lenin, two Red Banners, the Red Star, and the Gold Medal of the World Peace Council.

Personal life.

He married Yulia Osipovna in 1939; the couple had two sons and a daughter.

Boris Nikolaevich Polevoy (or Polevoi) (; – 12 July 1981) was a Soviet writer. He is the author of the book "Story of a Real Man" about Soviet World War II fighter pilot Aleksey Maresev.

Boris Nikolaïevitch Polevoï (en ), né Boris Nikolaïevitch Kampov le à Moscou, Russie et mort le à Moscou, URSS, est un romancier soviétique de la littérature héroïque stalinienne. Son nom reste attaché à "Histoire d'un homme véritable", publié en 1947, basé sur l'histoire du pilote russe de la Seconde Guerre mondiale Alekseï Petrovitch Maressiev, dont Sergueï Prokofiev tire son opéra "Histoire d'un homme véritable".


History.

Strongsville officially became a township on February 25, 1818, a village in 1923, and was ultimately designated a city in 1961. Founded by settlers arriving in the newly purchased Connecticut Western Reserve, the city was named after John Stoughton Strong, the group's leader. Many of the main streets in the city are named after other principal figures and landowners from the city's history, e.g. Howe, Drake, Shurmer, Whitney.  In the mid-19th century, the Pomeroy House, then called The Homestead, was a stop on the underground railroad. Alanson Pomeroy, the home owner and a prominent Strongsville resident, concealed runaway slaves on his property. From this residence in Strongsville, the runaway slaves were taken to boats on Rocky River for passage to Canada.  In 1853, John D. Rockefeller's family moved to Strongsville. At the time, Rockefeller was only a child.  On April 11, 1965, an F4 tornado hit Strongsville; see 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak.

Geography.

Strongsville is located at (41.312752, -81.831976).  According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of, of which is land and is water. The east branch of the Rocky River enters Strongsville from North Royalton and exits into Berea. Valley Parkway parallels the river's northwesterly course. This portion of the Cleveland Metroparks, named Mill Stream Run, includes Bonnie Park and Ranger Lake. Abutting the Rocky River, the recreation area offers visitors a pavilion, picnicking facilities, two small ponds, and several sport fields. Bonnie Park serves as a hub for hiking, bridle, and paved multi-purpose trails.

Demographics.

The median income for a household in the city was $68,660, and the median income for a family was $76,964 (these figures had risen to $79,715 and $90,870 respectively as of a 2007 estimate). Males had a median income of $54,988 versus $33,129 for females. The per capita income for the city was $29,722. About 1.3% of families and 2.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.7% of those under age 18 and 3.7% of those age 65 or over.  Of the city's population over the age of 25, 41.6% held a bachelor's degree or higher.

2010 census.

As of the census of 2010, there were 44,750 people, 17,659 households, and 12,563 families living in the city. The population density was. There were 18,476 housing units at an average density of. The racial makeup of the city was 92.0% White, 1.9% African American, 0.1% Native American, 4.1% Asian, 0.4% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.0% of the population.  There were 17,659 households of which 31.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.5% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 28.9% were non-families. 24.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.04.  The median age in the city was 44.2 years. 23.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.6% were from 25 to 44; 32.5% were from 45 to 64; and 16.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.6% male and 51.4% female.

2000 census.

As of the census of 2000, there were 43,858 people, 16,209 households, and 12,383 families living in the city. The population density was 1,779.6 people per square mile (687.2/km2). There were 16,863 housing units at an average density of 684.2 per square mile (264.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 94.18% White, 1.26% African American, 0.05% Native American, 3.21% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.28% from other races, and 1.03% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.27% of the population.  There were 16,209 households out of which 35.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.5% were married couples living together, 6.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.6% were non-families. 19.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.13.  In the city, the population was spread out with 26.3% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 27.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.3 males.

Government.

The current mayor, Thomas Perciak, was elected in November 2003 following the death of longtime mayor Walter F. Ehrnfelt on May 25, 2003.

Education.

A staff of over 250 teachers at Strongsville High School serves well over 2,750 students in grades 9 through 12. Center and Albion middle schools (serving 7th and 8th graders) are about 75 and 40 years old, respectively. The city's seven elementary schools serve pre-kindergarten through 6th grade: Chapman, Drake, Kinsner, Muraski, Surrarrer, and Whitney. With Strongsville's younger student population on the decline, and seven elementary school, Allen and Zellers, recently closed their doors. A private Catholic school, St. Joseph and John's, serves children through the 8th grade. In 2012, citizens approved a bond issue for $81 million. The bond money was used to build a new middle school, combining Center and Albion middle schools, renovations to the high school, technology upgrades to the elementary schools, and renovations to the preschool. The new middle school was built just in time for the 2016–2017 school year.

Strongsville is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States, and a suburb of Cleveland. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 44,750. The city's nickname 'Crossroads of the Nation,' originated from the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) intersecting with the Southwestern Electric Line that connected Cleveland and Wooster, Ohio. As the railroad line ceased operation in 1931, the motto and city seal have been adapted to reflect the modern day intersection of Interstate 71 and the Ohio Turnpike.

Strongsville est une ville située dans le comté de Cuyahoga, dans l'État de l'Ohio, aux États-Unis. Elle constitue une banlieue aisée de Cleveland.


Early life.

Born in Mississauga, Ontario, to Sicilian-born parents, Moscato began playing soccer at the age of four when she started playing for Dixie SC. She attended St. Francis Xavier Secondary School in Mississauga where she was named Most Valuable Player. She also played for the club team Burlington Flames.

Penn State Nittany Lions.

Moscato attended Pennsylvania State University from 2002 to 2005 and helped the Nittany Lions win four Big Ten regular season championships. During her time at Penn State, the team earned appearances in the College Cup semifinals in 2002 and 2005.

Playing career.

Club.

From Canada to Italy and Sweden, 2005–2011.

Moscato joined the Vancouver Whitecaps in 2003 and played 256 minutes during her five appearances. In 2004, she helped the Whitecaps win their first W-League championship title. She scored three goals and three assists that season before joining Ottawa Fury in 2005. She sits 15th all-time amongst Whitecaps players after recording five goals and five assists in 14 appearances.  Moscato spent 2009 to 2010 with UPC Tavagnacco in the Serie A, the top division of soccer in Italy, before joining the national team camp to train heading into the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup. She scored once in 15 league appearances playing as a defender. In July 2011, Moscato joined Canadian national teammates Melissa Tancredi and Stephanie Labbé to play for Piteå IF, a club in the Swedish Damallsvenskan. She started in all ten of her appearances with the club and scored one goal. She also made one appearance for Dalsjöfors GoIF in 2012.

NWSL, 2013–2015.

In 2013, she joined Chicago Red Stars for the inaugural season of the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) as part of the NWSL Player Allocation. She made five appearances for the club. On June 29, 2013, it was announced that she had been traded to the Boston Breakers in exchange for her Canadian national teammate, Adriana Leon. She made five appearances for the Breakers during the remainder of the season. On September 10, 2013, she was traded to Seattle Reign FC in exchange for fellow Canadian national team player Kaylyn Kyle in preparation for the 2014 season.

International.

At just 16 years of age, Moscato made her Canadian U-20 national team debut on February 6, 2001, during a 3–2 defeat against Finland at the Adidas Cup in Houston, Texas. She represented Canada during the country's hosting of the 2002 FIFA U-19 Women's World Championship, playing all six matches and helping Canada reach the final before losing to the United States.  On April 3, 2002, Moscato earned her first cap with Canada's senior team, playing 19 minutes in a 0–0 draw against Australia. Moscato has played in major tournaments such as the 2002 CONCACAF Women's Gold Cup, the 2003 FIFA Women's World Cup, and the CONCACAF Olympic qualifying tournament in 2004. After taking a two-year hiatus from the game, she returned to the international scene in 2009, and played for Canada during the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup in Germany and the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. Some of her most notable successes with the team include winning the 2010 CONCACAF Tournament in Cancun, the Cyprus Cup in March 2011, and the bronze medal at the 2012 Olympic Games.

Coaching career.

Moscato was an assistant coach at the University of Wisconsin. She used to be an assistant coach for the Louisville Cardinals.  In August 2016, Moscato coached Canada's women's under-15 squad to the second place in the 2016 CONCACAF Girls' U-15 Championship.

Carmelina Moscato (born May 2, 1984) is a Canadian soccer player and Olympic bronze medalist. She is a retired centreback who played for UPC Tavagnacco in the Serie A, for Piteå IF and Dalsjöfors GoIF in the Damallsvenskan, for Chicago Red Stars, Boston Breakers and Seattle Reign FC in the NWSL, and for Western Sydney Wanderers in the Australian W-League. She also represented the Canadian women's national team.

Carmelina Moscato (née le à Mississauga en Ontario) est une joueuse de football (de soccer) canadienne évoluant au poste de défenseure et de milieu de terrain défensif. Elle joue pour le Piteå IF Ladies dans la Damallsvenskan et elle est membre de l'Équipe du Canada de soccer féminin (70 sélections en date du 4 août 2012).


Geography.

Sterling lies along the north bank of the Rock River, opposite its twin city, Rock Falls. The terrain is mostly flat. The land immediately outside of town is almost entirely farmland. The prairie soil is part of one of the world's most fertile growing areas. According to the 2010 census, Sterling has a total area of, of which (or 96.08%) is land and (or 3.92%) is water.

Demographics.

As of the census of 2000, there were 15,596 people, 6,234 households, and 3,946 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,307.0 people per square mile (1,277.4/km2). There were 6,596 housing units at an average density of 1,411.8 per square mile (545.3/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 84.36% White, 2.25% African American, 0.41% Native American, 0.81% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 9.82% from other races, and 2.35% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 19.24% of the population.  There were 6,234 households out of which 30.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.2% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.7% were non-families. 31.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 3.04.  In the city, the population was spread out with 25.1% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 28.7% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 16.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.9 males.  The median income for a household in the city was $37,664, and the median income for a family was $45,531. Males had a median income of $33,047 versus $21,944 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,432. About 7.6% of families and 10.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.0% of those under age 18 and 5.4% of those age 65 or over.

History.

In 1834, Hezekiah Brink built the first cabin in what was to become Harrisburg. Two years later, William Kirkpatrick settled downstream in an area that became Chatham. In 1838, Harrisburg and Chatham merged to become the Town of Sterling in an effort to attract the county seat. The name "Sterling" was given to the new town in honor of Major James Sterling, who distinguished himself in the area during the Blackhawk War in 1832. On February 16, 1857, Sterling was incorporated as a city by state law.  The Rock River failed to become a major navigational route as once hoped, but it provided power for the saw and grist mills, and later to a booming industrial base. In 1856, the first rail lines were laid in the area. With the power from the river and the transportation provided by the railroads, Sterling's business and industry began to grow. During the late 19th and early 20th century, the community's industrial bedrock was laid with the founding of Northwestern Steel & Wire Co., Lawrence Brothers Inc, National Manufacturing Co., The Frantz Manufacturing Company, and the Wahl Clipper Corporation.  Today Sterling continues to diversify and adapt. The industrial base has expanded as the city has filled two industrial parks and begins development of a third and fourth. Retail sales for the region have expanded as Sterling has emerged as a regional retail hub. Attractions include Walmart, County Market, Menard's, Kroger, Kohl's, and many other retail locations, including Northland Mall. Outside the city, the landscape is dominated by agricultural fields that typify most of the Midwest.  The cities of Sterling, Nebraska, and Sterling, Colorado, were both founded by former residents of Sterling, Illinois, as they branched out across the West.

Education.

Sterling is served by Community Unit School District 5, which operates Sterling High School, Challand Middle School, Franklin Elementary, Jefferson Elementary, Lincoln Elementary, and Washington Elementary Schools. Wallace School serves as Sterling's public pre-K institution, along with classrooms in Franklin and Jefferson Elementary Schools.  Sterling is also home to the Whiteside Area Career Center, adjacent to Sterling High School. WACC hosts a variety of vocational courses, available to students of its member schools in the Sauk Valley.  The Roman Catholic Diocese of Rockford runs two schools in the city: St. Mary's School, serving as both grade school and middle school, and Newman Central Catholic High School. These schools serve both local parishes, Sacred Heart Church and St. Mary's Church.  Additionally, Sterling is host to one Protestant school: Christ Lutheran (K-8).

Parks.

Sterling Park District Parks.

Douglas Park was developed in 1955 when Cellular Concrete Contractors donated of property for a park in the Douglas Park Subdivision. Douglas Park is located at Chestnut Avenue and Lynn Boulevard.  Eberley Park sits on of wooded land. It officially opened a course in 1978 and is a popular place for joggers and walkers to go. Eberley Park is located at Douglas Drive and West LeFevre Road.  The Gartner Park Baseball Complex was developed in 1961 and included 7 regulation baseball diamonds and a playground area. Since then, there has been renovation on the diamonds to include press boxes, lights and field improvements. Gartner Park is located on West LeFevre Road.  Harry Kidd Field was acquired through an Open Space Land & Water Grant in 1976. It is used by Sterling Jr. Tackle as their Home field for the 5th-8th grade tackle program. Harry Kidd Field is located at West 7th Street and Woodburn Avenue.  The Hoover Park property was purchased from Edward Hoover in 1941 as an extension of Sinnissippi Park. The two parks are connected via the S.M.A.R.T. trail system. Hoover Park is located at 37th Avenue and Woodlawn Road.  Kilgour Park was purchased in 1935. This park was once the site of Civil War Colonel William M. Kilgour's own personal farm. The site is now known for the Imagination Station play area and basketball and tennis courts. Kilgour Park is located at West LeFevre Road and Avenue F.  Lawrence Park was acquired in 1925. It is considered the first park of Sterling, and was named for the Lawrence family in honor of their bequests to the then Sterling-Coloma Township Park District. The pool was constructed in the late 1920s and is the home pool for the Sterling Sterling Stingray Swim Club. Lawrence Park is located on the Avenue G Island.  The Sinnissippi Dam Walkway and Martin's Landing officially opened on September 20, 2008, after years of combined effort from the Sterling Park District, the City of Sterling, the City of Rock Falls, the Coloma Township Park District and the Illinois Department of Natural Resources. The Sinnissippi Dam Walkway provides a link between the ever-expanding trail system in Sterling and the Hennepin Feeder Canal in Rock Falls. The Sinnissippi Dam Walkway offers bicyclists, runners, walkers and other recreational users a safe and scenic route across the Rock River and Martin's Landing is the welcoming point to Sterling and the entry to the ever-expanding trail system in Sterling. Martin's Landing and the Sinnissippi Dam Walkway are located at 10th Avenue and 2nd Street (behind the Dillon Home Museum).  In 1968, the Park District received a recreational lease from the United States Army Corps of Engineers on, which is now known as Harry Oppold Marina. In 1971, the Harbor House, park roads and lighting, a launch ramp, a main dock and parking lots were developed through a 100% funded grant. Since the leasing of Oppold, Oxbow Lake was dredged and boat slips, two picnic shelters, picnic units, playground areas, landscaping, and more has been added. Oppold Marina is located on Stouffer Road.  The Propheter Park property was donated to the Sterling Park District in 1986 by Bob Propheter. The park was named and dedicated in his honor. Propheter Park is located at 6th Avenue and East 6th Street.  In 1967, the Park District acquired the site known as Scheid Park. In the late 1990s, major renovations include improvement of the basketball courts, soccer field, playground equipment, and the addition of a shelter. Scheid Park is located at Woodburn Avenue and West 11th Street.  The largest of the Sterling Park District parks, Sinnissippi Park was acquired in parcels beginning in 1934. It is the site for Hopewillian Indian Mounds, which is on the National Register of Historic Places. Sinnissippi Park is linked to Hoover Park via the S.M.A.R.T. trail system. Sinnissippi Park is located on Sinnissippi Road.  The Skate Park was built in 2004 by the Sterling Park District. It is located behind the Duis Recreation Center and the Frasor Center at St. Mary's Road and Third Avenue.  The site of Thomas Park was purchased from Sterling Farms, Inc., in 1966 in a joint venture with the Sterling School District (where Franklin School was built). The park was named after Ralph Thomas, former president and member of the Board of Commissioners from 1944 to 1959. Thomas Park is located at 12th Avenue & Lynn Boulevard. During the winter, it serves as an ice hockey rink for hockey enthusiasts.

Sterling is a city in Whiteside County, Illinois, United States. The population was 15,370 at the 2010 census, down from 15,451 in 2000. Formerly nicknamed "Hardware Capital of the World", Sterling has long been associated with manufacturing and the steel industry.

Sterling est une ville du comté de Whiteside, dans l'Illinois, aux États-Unis. Fondée en 1857, elle est incorporée le. Elle est située en bordure de la rivière Rock qui la sépare de Rock Falls.


History.

The first commercially successful type of electrical phonograph pickup was introduced in 1925. Although electromagnetic, its resemblance to later magnetic cartridges is remote: it contained a bulky horseshoe magnet and employed the same imprecisely mass-produced single-use steel needles which had been standard since the first crude disc record players appeared in the 1890s. Its tracking weight was specified in ounces, not grams. This early type of magnetic pickup completely dominated the market well into the 1930s, but by the end of that decade it had been superseded by a comparatively lightweight piezoelectric crystal pickup type. The use of short-lived disposable metal needles remained standard. During the years of affluence and long-deferred consumer demand immediately following World War II, as old record players with very heavy pickups were replaced, precision-ground and conveniently long-lasting stylus tips made of sapphire or the exotic hard metal osmium were increasingly popular. However, records made for home use still played at 78 rpm and most of them were still made of the same old abrasive shellac compound formulated to rapidly wear down the points of steel needles to fit the groove.  The introduction of the 33 rpm vinyl LP "album" in 1948 and the 45 rpm vinyl "single" in 1949 prompted consumers to upgrade to a new multi-speed record player with the required smaller-tipped "microgroove" stylus. Sapphire and diamond then became the standard stylus tip materials. At first, the new styli came installed in smaller, lighter piezoelectric crystal or ceramic cartridges of the general type found in inexpensive self-contained portable record players throughout the vinyl era. Ceramic cartridges continue to be used in most of the "retro" and compact record players currently being made, in part because they are comparatively robust and resistant to damage from careless handling, but mostly because they are inexpensive. However, during the 1950s, a new generation of small, lightweight, highly compliant magnetic cartridges appeared and quickly found favor among high-fidelity enthusiasts because of their audibly superior performance. The high compliance also reduced record wear. They soon became standard in all but the cheapest component audio systems and are the most common type of pickup cartridge in use today.

Design and construction.

The cartridge consists of several components: the stylus, cantilever, magnets, coils and body. The stylus is the part that, when in use, is the interface with the record surface and tracks the modulations in the groove. It is typically made of a small polished diamond or other industrial gemstone. The cantilever supports the stylus, and transmits the vibrations from it to the coil/magnet assembly. The former is typically made of boron or aluminium, and previously beryllium although some manufacturers (like Dynavector) market models with exotic gemstone cantilevers. Some models of moving magnet cartridges have detachable stylus–cantilever sub-assemblies that allow for their replacement without the need to remove and replace the entire cartridge when the stylus has become worn.  Coupled to the tonearm, the cartridge body's function is to give the moving parts a stationary platform so that they can track the groove with precision.

Types.

In high-fidelity systems, crystal and ceramic pickups have been replaced by the magnetic cartridge, using either a moving magnet or a moving coil.  Compared to the crystal and ceramic pickups, the magnetic cartridge usually gives improved playback fidelity and reduced record wear by tracking the groove with lighter pressure. Magnetic cartridges use lower tracking forces and thus reduce the potential for groove damage. They also have a lower output voltage than a crystal or ceramic pickup, in the range of only a few millivolts, thus requiring greater amplification.

Moving Magnet (MM) and Moving Iron (MI) cartridges.

In a moving magnet cartridge, the stylus cantilever carries a tiny permanent magnet, which is positioned between two sets of fixed coils (in a stereophonic cartridge), forming a tiny electromagnetic generator. As the magnet vibrates in response to the stylus following the record groove, it induces a tiny current in the coils.  Because the magnet is small and has little mass, and is not coupled mechanically to the generator (as in a ceramic cartridge), a properly adjusted stylus follows the groove more faithfully while requiring less tracking force (the downward pressure on the stylus).  Moving iron and induced magnet types (ADC being a well-known example) have a moving piece of iron or other ferrous alloy coupled to the cantilever (instead of a magnet), while a permanent, bigger magnet is over the coils, providing the necessary magnetic flux.

Moving Coil (MC) cartridges.

The MC design is again a tiny electromagnetic generator, but (unlike an MM design) with the magnet and coils reversed: the coils are attached to the cantilever, and move within the field of a permanent magnet. The coils are tiny and made from very fine wire.  Since the number of windings that can be supported in such an armature is small, the output voltage level is correspondingly small. The resulting signal is only a few hundred microvolts, and thus more easily swamped by noise, induced hum, etc. Thus it is more challenging to design a preamplifier with the extremely low noise inputs needed for moving-coil cartridge, therefore a "step up transformer" is sometimes used instead.  However, there are available many "high output" moving coil cartridges that have output levels similar to MM cartridges.  Moving coil cartridges are extremely small precision instruments and are therefore generally expensive, but are frequently preferred by audiophiles due to a subjectively better performance.

Moving Micro Cross (MMC) cartridges.

The MMC design was invented and patented by Bang & Olufsen. The MMC cartridge is a variation of the Moving Iron (MI) design. Magnets and coils are stationary while a "micro cross" moves with the stylus, thereby varying the distances between the arms of the cross and the magnets. It is claimed that the MMC design allows for superior channel separation, since each channel's movements appear on a separate axis.

Moving Magnet vs. Moving Coil.

Moving magnet cartridges are more commonly found at the 'lower-end' of the market, while the 'higher-end' tends to be dominated by moving coil designs. The debate as to whether MM or MC designs can ultimately produce the better sound is often heated and subjective. The distinction between the two is often blurred by cost and design considerations - e.g. can an MC cartridge requiring another step-up amplification outperform well made MM cartridges that need simpler front-end stages?  MM cartridges generally have output of 3-6mV, compatible with the MM inputs of preamplifiers. MC cartridges come in two varieties, low output (usually < 1.0mV) and high output (more than 1.5mV); there are also some with very low output (0.3mV or less). High output MC cartridges are a concession to compatibility with older preamp MM inputs; low output MC cartridges may generate excessive noise or have insufficient preamp gain to drive amplifiers to their rated output if used on MM inputs. Most solid state preamplifiers have separate high gain, low noise MC inputs to accommodate these. Cartridges with very low output need a separate pre-phono amplification stage before input to an MC or MM preamplifier stage.

"London Decca" Cartridges.

The Decca phono cartridges were a unique design, with fixed magnets and coils. The stylus shaft was composed of the diamond tip, a short piece of soft iron, and an L-shaped cantilever made of non-magnetic steel. Since the iron was placed very close to the tip (within 1 mm), the motions of the tip could be tracked very accurately. Decca engineers called this "positive scanning". Vertical and lateral compliance was controlled by the shape and thickness of the cantilever. Decca cartridges had a reputation for being very musical; however early versions required more tracking force than competitive designs - making record wear a concern.

A magnetic cartridge, more commonly called a phonograph cartridge or phono cartridge or (colloquially) a pickup, is an electromechanical transducer that is used to play records on a turntable.

Une cellule magnétique est un type de transducteur utilisé pour la lecture des disques microsillon (disques vinyles). Il s'agit d'un phonocapteur qui convertit les vibrations mécaniques induites par la lecture du disque en signal électrique qui sera ensuite amplifié et corrigé par les circuits d'un amplificateur puis restitué par d'autres transducteurs (enceintes acoustiques ou casque) sous forme d'ondes sonores.