History.

Formation and "Your Favorite Weapon" (2000–2002).

Prior to Brand New's official formation, in the late 1990s, Jesse Lacey, Garrett Tierney and Brian Lane were all members of the post-hardcore band the Rookie Lot, along with Brandon Reilly and Alex Dunne of Crime in Stereo. The Rookie Lot split and did not play for a while until Lacey, Lane and Tierney started to rehearse again. After Reilly joined the Movielife, they then recruited guitarist Vincent Accardi, who had been playing in a band called One Last Goodbye.  All four members had backgrounds linking into their local Long Island independent and hardcore music scenes, but with influences from an array of artists ranging from Buddy Rich to the Archers of Loaf. They eventually formed Brand New in 2000, in a basement in Merrick, New York. Their initial intention was always to "move outside of whatever notions they felt inclined to when they were making music as younger people." The band gained exposure in the local scene through playing shows with alternative rock contemporaries Midtown and post-hardcore bands like Glassjaw, while also self-releasing a four-song demo. They signed to Triple Crown Records just after their second-ever show.  Brand New's debut studio album "Your Favorite Weapon" was produced by friend of the band Mike Sapone. The album has been described as being "bitter about ex-girlfriends", with an excessive concentration on "post-breakup angst". It received relatively positive reviews, with Allmusic awarding it three out of five and Popmatters also being favorable. It became a moderate success, selling over 50,000 copies. The record deal gave Brand New the opportunity to tour, playing alongside the likes of Taking Back Sunday and touring the UK in support of Finch, to a "great response" from the crowds.  The only single released from "Your Favorite Weapon" was "Jude Law and a Semester Abroad". The song has been described by Allmusic as a "semi-hit" after it received airplay on both MTV2 and Fuse.

"Deja Entendu" and acclaim (2003–2004).

Brand New's second studio album was written in the "year and-a-half or two years" that they were touring the material off of "Your Favorite Weapon". According to drummer Brian Lane, "Jesse [Lacey] wrote a lot of the lyrics about different things than 'I just broke up with my girlfriend' for the new record," as Lacey had written the songs on an acoustic guitar in his bedroom. Lane also explained that the band was now influenced by a range of different artists: "All of us got exposed to a lot of different music that all of us were listening to. For the first [album] we weren't in such close quarters for 24 hours a day. I think that has a lot to do with it." Unlike their first album, it was said that a lot of time and concentration went into making the album.  The band released "Deja Entendu" through Razor & Tie/Triple Crown Records in June 2003, being issued in Europe and Australia in October 2003. The album's title, "Deja Entendu", is French for "already heard." It was explained as "very tongue-in-cheek" by vocalist Jesse Lacey. Elaborating on the title's meaning, he told MTV, "No matter who you are or what your band is about, you can't put a record out without people saying it's derivative of something else. So by saying the record's already been heard, it's kind of like saying, 'Yeah, you're right. We're doing something that's already been done before.'" He reinforced, "We're not trying to break new ground in music. We're just trying to make good music." The album was described as a "stylistic leap" from "Your Favorite Weapon", with a "decidedly matured" sound. In an interview with "Billboard", Lacey said that although "Deja Entendu" does offer a different sound, the album "doesn't seem like we're departing from anything, really. I think we always knew that we had a lot of potential and there's a lot of different stuff we were able to do, and a lot of different sounds we wanted to make. Not too long after we recorded the first record, we were already wondering where we were going to go from there."  "Deja Entendu" debuted at number 63 on the "Billboard" 200. After just seven weeks, the album's sales were at more than 51,000 copies, already closing in on the total figure of its predecessor, "Your Favorite Weapon". In May 2007, four years after its release, it was certified gold for surpassing 500,000 sales in the United States by the Recording Industry Association of America.  "Deja Entendu"'s first single, "The Quiet Things That No One Ever Knows", impacted radio airplay in July 2003, a month after the album's release. The song was said to be about regret, or, as Lacey stated, "how there can be problems in a relationship and they get ignored. And how that often ends up as a broken home or some kind of bad situation down the road. It's kind of something that if it wasn't overlooked in the first place, you can kind of get through it." The song's music video chronicles the moments after a severe car accident, where a mortally wounded Lacey cannot depart for the next world until he knows that his girlfriend, also injured in the crash, is safe in this one. He says it "is about death or losing someone and it's those moments that you kind of look back on your life and realize all the regrets that you had, and all the things you wish you could change". They also made a music video for the second single, "Sic Transit Gloria... Glory Fades," where Lacey acts like a human voodoo doll; discovering that when he moves a particular body part, it is mimicked by the target of his action. "Since the song is about taking advantage of someone else," he said, "there's a pretty strong correlation between the video and the song." Both music videos gave the band exposure in the mainstream where "Your Favorite Weapon" went "virtually unnoticed", with the videos finding "constant" airplay on MTV and the band making its live television debut on "Jimmy Kimmel Live!". Furthermore, both singles entered the top 40 on the UK Singles Chart, whilst "The Quiet Things That No One Ever Knows" peaked at number 37 on "Billboard's" Alternative Songs chart.  Three shows of the band's 24-date headlining US tour with Moneen, Senses Fail, and the Beautiful Mistake had sold out prior to even having released a single, with much of the buzz surrounding the band being produced by just word-of-mouth, touring and Internet message boards. "Deja Entendu"'s success also earned them tours alongside New Found Glory, Good Charlotte, Dashboard Confessional, and Blink-182. The band went on to headline The Bamboozle festival with My Chemical Romance, Alkaline Trio, Thrice, the Starting Line, Fall Out Boy, the Bouncing Souls, Straylight Run and Flogging Molly. They also made their second trip to the UK in 2004, their first as the headline act, and the tour completely sold out.  In the wake of "Deja Entendu", Brand New was pegged as an act to watch in "Rolling Stone"'s annual "Hot Issue." The band topped punk critics' year-end lists with the "genre-defying" "Deja Entendu", and the album was described as a "landmark album of so-called 'emo-punk'." As a result of both the album's success and the band's notable underground following, Brand New found itself in the middle of a bidding war from record labels. At the time, Lane disagreed with the usage of the phrase "bidding war", but conceded, "There's a few labels that are definitely interested. We've been talking to a lot of people for a while and we're narrowing it down." The band eventually signed with DreamWorks Records, which was then taken over by Interscope Records.

"The Devil and God Are Raging Inside Me" and continued acclaim (2005–2007).

Following their signing to Interscope, Brand New stopped touring to work on their third album and major label debut. In this time, little to no interviews or updates came from the band. In 2004, Jesse Lacey told "Chart" magazine that he had written a "few songs" for the next album, commenting that "the other guys love it already". He made mention of the pressure he felt with the "loads of anticipation building up on my shoulders," saying that he suffered from depression because of this; "I'm getting depressed with all of the anxiety about the album and they say I write my best stuff when I'm in that state. Great, I'll spend the next six months all depressed and the rest of band will be excited, so that some good [material] might come out. And then I have to contend with how it's received." Lacey also said that the album would "move into new territory for Brand New".  In late 2005, Brand New started recording their highly anticipated third album in Oxford, Mississippi with producer Dennis Herring, but later dropped him in favor of Mike Sapone with whom they had worked on their first album. In January 2006, nine tracks recorded for the album were leaked to the Internet. In response to the leak, Garrett Tierney stated "I would say it did it in a good way 'cause so many people were curious to hear what we have been doing—and for the most part, the record tracks don't sound anything like the leaked demos." However, Lacey was not so upbeat when asked, saying, "For me it was different. It had me pretty down for a while. No one likes to show their creation in mid-process, and those songs weren't done. They were like blueprints. Just the plan, right? It put me in a state where I was under the impression that those songs had been wasted or something—that we had to go and write new things because those had been heard. Now, in retrospect, I want those songs to be on the album and many of them aren't, and I'm probably more to blame for that than anyone. This record already feels incomplete to me without those tracks and probably will forever." In the following months, with Brand New doing their first tour dates in over 18 months, a few songs from the demos were performed with a full band, some were fleshed out and had new lyrics. New songs had their debut as well during the summer tour dates. Brand New began their first tour in years on June 20, 2006, where Lacey stated that the album had been completed the previous day.  "Alternative Press" published a preliminary date of October 10, 2006, as the album's release date; this was later corrected on the band's official website, when it was announced that the new album would be released on November 21, 2006 in North America, and the day before in Europe. Soon after, a track listing and cover art were revealed, as well as new information regarding the release of the first single – "Sowing Season". Having previously been leaked as a demo, the completed song began airing on radio on October 19, 2006, and appeared on their MySpace page a day later. According to Lacey in a radio interview from the UK (BBC Radio 1 with Zane Lowe), the title "The Devil and God Are Raging Inside Me" is taken from a conversation he had with his friend about the musician Daniel Johnston, who has bipolar disorder. "The Devil and God Are Raging Inside Me" has since become Brand New's most critically acclaimed album and is considered one of the best albums of the 2000s.  In late December 2006, an unusual video was released for the instrumental track "Untitled", also known as "-", which consists of a man spray painting a wall with "evil and good are raging inside me" and correcting it to give the album title. On January 16, 2007, "Jesus Christ" was announced as the next official single from the album. It peaked at number 30 on "Billboard"'s Alternative Songs chart, becoming Brand New's biggest hit. On January 19, the band performed the song on "Late Night with Conan O'Brien". They performed it again on February 26 on the "Late Show with David Letterman".  From January to June 2007, the band toured the United States, Europe, Canada, and Australia, including a headline slot on the UK's Give It A Name festival and playing the main stage at The Bamboozle festival. Despite the band's reluctance towards the press around the time of the release of the album, they were featured in "Alternative Press", a cover story for "Rock Sound", "Kerrang!", and "NME". The band went on tour for the fall of 2007, with openers Thrice and MewithoutYou. In early 2008, Brand New toured Australia and New Zealand on the Big Day Out festival.  In October 2007, the band announced via their official website that a new song, entitled "(Fork and Knife)", would be released online on October 23, 2007. "(Fork and Knife)", a rerecorded version of the track formerly known as "Untitled 7" from the leaked demos, was released as a non-album digital download.

"Daisy" (2008–2011).

In March 2008, Brand New started their own record label, Procrastinate! Music Traitors. The first act signed to the new label was longtime friend Kevin Devine. The first release from the label was a reissue of the 2006 Kevin Devine album, "Put Your Ghost to Rest", in April 2008.  In October 2008, it was stated that Brand New was in the studio winding down their new record and were currently recording vocals. Then in December, an update on Brand New's website announced that they had been in and out of the studio since about March, with roughly 15 tracks to choose from. The album was recorded over a 12-month period from March 2008, with the band announcing in April 2009 that they had commenced mixing with Dave Sardy and that they hoped to release their fourth studio album in the summer of 2009, with potentially, a summer tour to follow. The release date was then delayed to October 2009, which was announced during a live performance at the 2009 Glastonbury Festival, where Brand New played two new songs, tentatively titled "Bride" and "Gasoline". The band played on the main stage at Reading and Leeds Festivals in August 2009; both performances at Reading Festival and Glastonbury Festival were filmed by the BBC however Brand New declined the BBC rights to broadcast either performance on television or on the BBC website. In June 2009, UK music magazine "Rock Sound", claimed on their website that they had received a copy of the upcoming album, though it was, according to an image later posted by the editor, "incomplete." The site published a "tentative" track listing and reported the incomplete version that they had received to be roughly 30 minutes long.  In an interview with "Kerrang!", Jesse Lacey commented on the upcoming album's content, "It's a pretty exhausting record. It's quite dense and I think some of the decisions we made don't always go in the most obvious direction. We were thinking a lot more about what we'd want to play when we were up onstage rather than actually what you'd want to hear on a record." He then questioned the future of the band, saying, "I think a lot of the record is about us trying to make decisions about how long the band should go on. When I listened back to it, I realized how many songs are about something coming to a close, or knowing when it's time to put something away and move on."  On July 7, it was announced that the album would be titled "And One Head Can Never Die" (to be typeset "and one head can never die") and would be released through Interscope Records on September 22, 2009. However, on July 9, it was announced on the band's website that the album title had been changed to "Daisy", with the release date remaining unchanged. The album's first single, "At the Bottom", was released through digital outlets on August 11, 2009. "Daisy" saw vocalist Jesse Lacey step back from songwriting and giving the role to guitarist Vincent Accardi along with the other members of the band.  "Daisy" debuted at number six on the "Billboard" 200 in the US, selling 46,000 records in what was their first top 20 entrance on the chart after "The Devil and God Are Raging Inside Me" had reached number 31.  Brand New announced they would be bringing along Manchester Orchestra, Thrice, Glassjaw, Sybris, the Builders and the Butchers, and Crime in Stereo on selected/rotating dates of their headlining Fall North American tour. On January 23, 2010, Brand New played their largest UK headline performance to date at London's Wembley Arena in front of 12,500 people. Support came from Glassjaw and Thrice.  When asked if rumors were true that "Daisy" would be the band's final release, Lacey replied "I don't think that will be true. It might be our last full-length record for a little while, but we've got a lot of things lined up that we want to record, so I think that will happen pretty soon." In early 2010, drummer Brian Lane stated that Brand New were unsure about how they plan to release music in the future with technology being a factor; "I don’t know if there’s a point to releasing records if they’re not physical releases, if we're going to release a lot of things digitally then I don’t see why we couldn’t release a song a week or a song a month or just put out what we like from whenever we record." Lane also discussed the way the band may release their records in the future, "We’re talking about recording another album but we don’t know whether it’s going to come out on a label or whether we just release songs in batches."  On April 28, 2010, at their show in Clifton Park, NY, it was announced that the band fulfilled their contract with Interscope Records, and were now unsigned.  On November 21, 2011, the band reissued their debut album "Your Favorite Weapon" with new artwork and bonus tracks.

"Science Fiction" and planned disbandment (2012–2018).

Writing sessions for the band's fifth studio album first began in 2009, shortly after the band released "Daisy." Lacey stated that the band had new material that they were looking to record, dismissing rumors that "Daisy" would be their last full-length album. Discussing the musical direction of the fifth album, Lacey stated that he believed Daisy "was like the end of a road" and that they would likely backtrack and explore an alternative direction to take their new music. The band were booked to enter a recording studio in April 2012, however the band ultimately used this time for personal musical projects as opposed to recording Brand New.  It was officially announced through the band's website on June 19, 2014 that the band had been writing and recording new material, as well as building their own studio.  In April 2015 it was reported that the band had sent out lyric booklets for their album "The Devil and God are Raging Inside Me" as part of an unfulfilled offer made nine years previously, whereby if fans sent $1 they would receive the lyrics. The booklet, titled "Pogolith 000", was first teased in late 2014 on the band's website by "The Up Studio". The booklet also contained a poster alluding to the release of the band's previously unreleased 2005 "Fight Off Your Demons" demos on cassette tape, as well as a postcard with the words "rip 2018", sparking rumors of a possible breakup of the band. As part of Record Store Day 2015, the band rereleased their second album "Deja Entendu" as a limited vinyl, accompanied by "Pogolith 00," a booklet containing the lyrics to the album. A standard edition, non-limited vinyl was made available on May 5, 2015. Both "Pogolith 000" and "Pogolith 00" were later made available at shows and through the band's online store.  At their April 8, 2015 show in Denver, Colorado, the band performed a new song listed on the band's setlist as "Don't Feel Anything", which was later titled "Mene". On April 13, the track was made available as a free download through the band's website. A second new song "Sealed to Me" was premiered in Los Angeles, California on April 15. The band allowed their performances at Lollapalooza in Berlin on September 13, 2015 and Austin City Limits in Austin, Texas on October 3, 2015 to be broadcast. This marked the first time the band allowed their performance to be broadcast, with Lacey previously stating that the band were not comfortable recording their live sets. On October 11, 2015 while playing their last show of the 2015 tour at the Ryman Auditorium, Lacey told the audience that "this isn't going to last much longer". He spoke about his friendships with the band, the possibility of a new album, and how he would soon be a father.  When an image of controversial medicine price-gouger Martin Shkreli wearing a Brand New shirt circulated on the internet in September 2015, the band responded by putting the shirt on sale and donating all of its proceeds to the Whitman-Walker Health AIDS charity.  On December 2, 2015, the band made their "Leaked Demos 2006" available for the first time, releasing it on a limited edition red cassette tape with a digital download card included. The cassette was later released in black. On May 17, 2016, the band released a new single entitled "I Am a Nightmare" with a new album scheduled for release in 2016. On July 13, 2016, the band released an EP called "3 Demos, Reworked". The EP contains re-recorded versions of 3 songs that appear on Leaked Demos 2006. On July 22, 2016, the band released a physical 7" single of Mene with the b-side "Out of Range," a previously unreleased song that had been leaked in 2010.  During the same summer, new shirt designs were revealed by the band through social media, two of which state "2000-2018". One of the designs was also projected onto the stage after the band's show on the same day at the Vogue Theatre in Vancouver, increasing the amount of speculation regarding that the band may be implying a planned breakup in the year 2018. Frontman Lacey confirmed the speculation in between songs during a set in Salt Lake City, Utah in June. He stated "We’re done. Oh yeah, we’re done, and it makes nights like this all the more special so thanks for being here."  On September 26, 2016, the band revealed that the latest album that had previously been promised to fans would not be released in 2016. The band felt that the songs on the album were incomplete and needed more time to be deemed finalized. The band also announced that it would be celebrating the 10-year anniversary of "The Devil and God are Raging Inside Me" by playing it in its entirety the remainder of the tour. There also were more statements alluding to the band's end: "What’s left should be a strange demise, but hopefully one as loud and as fun as the rest of our time together has been. All are invited. Please send flowers."  On August 15, 2017, the band announced on Instagram that their fifth LP would be released on vinyl in October 2017. Two days later on August 17, many people who had pre-ordered the vinyl edition of the album received a CD (limited to 500) in the post that contained an album in its entirety, named "Science Fiction", compressed into one 61-minute long track. The album was later put up for sale on their website confirming it as their fifth LP. "Science Fiction" was met with widespread critical acclaim and commercial success, as it became Brand New's first album to debut at number one on the "Billboard" 200.  On September 13, 2017, Kevin Devine announced via Facebook that he would be taking time off of his own project, Kevin Devine and the Goddamn Band, to join Brand New on their Science Fiction tour as an additional guitarist and vocalist. Nada Surf, a band Lacey has professed himself a fan of, served as the opening act for the tour. During a performance in October 2017, Lacey further confirmed the band's end, stating "We’re gonna be a band for about 14 more months, so thank you so much for being here tonight."  In late 2017, Lacey was accused of sexual misconduct occurring during the early and mid-2000s. He issued a public apology on Brand New's Facebook page, prompting touring guitarist Kevin Devine and supporting act Martha to pull out of the upcoming European tour dates. The band later announced the postponement of all of their upcoming tour dates, which are yet to be rescheduled and, aside from a few unpublicized meetings at guitarist Accardi's Joshua Tree home and at a Texas studio, they have remained publicly inactive since November 2017, neither confirming nor denying the break-up of the band.  On December 31, 2018, a track rumored to be titled "Simple Man" was leaked onto the internet.

Musical style and influences.

Brand New is most often described as alternative rock, indie rock, post-hardcore, emo, and pop punk. The band shares a strong interest in a wide variety of bands, from pop and rock such as the Beatles, the Beach Boys, Squeeze, and the Cars, to more contemporary acts such as Weezer, Lifetime, Ride, Pearl Jam, Foo Fighters, Archers of Loaf, Green Day, Sunny Day Real Estate, Neutral Milk Hotel, U2, Nirvana, Oasis, Descendents, Kevin Devine, Saves the Day, Radiohead, and the Buzzcocks. Frontman Jesse Lacey is also known for his fondness for Built to Spill, Modest Mouse,<nowiki> </nowiki>the Smiths, and Morrissey.

Legacy and influence.

Brand New have been recognized as one of the most beloved and important bands of the emo genre. Their enduring following, described as "cult-like", is notable in that their fanbase and legacy have continuously remained strong throughout their entire career whereas other bands from the 2000s emo scene have faded into obscurity. They have been widely praised by critics for creating artistic statements with their music instead of aiming for mainstream success like many of their contemporaries did. Ian Cohen of Pitchfork remarked, "popular guitar music in 2017 has been undeniably shaped by Brand New, a band who has served not just as damaged role models but as a formative musical influence." Writing for The Outline, Zoe Camp stated that "they were increasingly sincere and self-aware in a genre where emotional histrionics were the default setting. Music like this made them, and Lacey, seem definitively different than Fall Out Boy’s Pete Wentz, Taking Back Sunday’s Adam Lazzarra, or virtually any other sad white guy who once covered "Alternative Press"." "Spin" declared that "Brand New didn’t just became a band, they became a lifeline and sanctuary for thousands upon thousands of messed-up kids." Ryan Bassil of Noisey declared Brand New "to be crowned the best band of a generation." Brand New's influence on the new wave of downbeat hip hop has also been noted, with Lindsay Zoladz of The Ringer stating "your future favorite rapper might be listening to Brand New right now." Music writers have credited the eight-year gap between 2009's "Daisy" and 2017's "Science Fiction" as essential for the growth of Brand New's legacy in the music world.  Bands influenced by Brand New include Manchester Orchestra, mewithoutYou, Citizen, and Sorority Noise.

Band members.

Current line-up  Former members

Brand New is an American rock band from Long Island, New York. Formed in 2000, the band consists of Jesse Lacey (vocals, guitar), Vincent Accardi (guitar, vocals), Garrett Tierney (bass guitar, vocals), and Brian Lane (drums, percussion); they were joined by Benjamin Homola (percussion) for their live performances. From 2005 to 2013, the band also included Derrick Sherman (guitar, backing vocals, keyboards). The band is recognized as one of the most influential within the 2000s emo scene, celebrated for making artistic statements with their music while their peers aimed for commercial success.

Brand New est un groupe de rock alternatif américain, originaire de Long Island, New York. Formé en 2000, le groupe comprend Jesse Lacey (chant, guitare), Vincent Accardi (guitare, chant), Garrett Tierney (basse, chant), et Brian Lane (batterie, percussions). Entre 2005 et 2013, le groupe joue avec Derrick Sherman (guitare, chœurs, claviers).


Biography.

Early career.

L'Hermite was born to the family of a counselor to the Bailiwick and Présidial of Cotentin. He joined the Navy in 1780, at the age of 14 as a novice on the coast guard cutter "Pilote-des-Indes", cruising the English Channel, and on which he distinguished himself during the capture of an English privateer off Chausey.  In 1780, he joined the "Northumberland" as a volunteer and took part in the battles of the American war of Independence. In 1784, when many French naval ships were put in the reserve, L'Hermite left the Navy and worked as first officer on the fishing ships "Modeste" and "Surveillante" off Newfoundland.  In 1787, with Castries's reform of the Navy, l'Hermite took a commission as a sub-lieutenant on the "Achille", and later of a number of smaller units that escorted merchantmen. One of these was the "Goėland", which was escorting the fishing fleet from Granville to Newfoundland.

French Revolution.

English Channel and Northern Sea.

In February 1793, when war broke out against England, L'Hermite was first officer on the frigate "Résolue", and he engaged in commerce raiding in the Channel and off the Atlantic coast of France. Promoted to lieutenant in August 1793, he received command of the "Tamise", recently captured from the British by the frigate division to which "Résolue" belonged.  After extensive tests, "Tamise" conducted two patrols in the Channel, capturing over 60 prizes, and was then attached to "Montagne", the flagship of the Brest squadron. As such, she took part in the Glorious First of June, in which she ferried orders from the admiral to other ships.  In 1795, l'Hermite took command of a frigate squadron bound to raid commerce off Ireland, with his flag on the frigate "Seine". The squadron captured over 80 of small vessels, including HMS "Hound", a 16-gun sloop returning from Jamaica, on 23 August. L'Hermitte then led the frigates "Seine" and "Galathée" and a corvette to Christiansand, visiting several harbours of the coast of Norway to capture English merchantmen that had fled there. Trapped by cold and disrepair, his ships were forced to spend the winter of 1794-1795 there, where sickness weakened their crews. He returned to France with three prizes, though a storm wrecked "Galathée" off Penmarc'h.

Indian Ocean.

From February 1796, L'Hermite captained the frigate "Vertu" in a squadron led by Admiral Sercey, bound for île de France. He took part in a number of small actions, and was wounded in the Action of 8 September 1796.  In 1798, he took command of the 46-gun frigate "Preneuse". He was tasked to ferry ambassadors sent by Tippu Sultan to Île de France to request help against the British. Spotting two Indiamen off Thalassery, L'Hermite decided to attack. He captured them after a one-hour fight, and in spite of a lightning striking "Preneuse"s main mast. When they arrived at Surabaya, the crew of "Preneuse" mutinied when L'Hermite decided to send the captured flags to Admiral Sercey. Subsequently, five men were court-martialed, found guilty of mutiny, and executed by firing squad.  L'Hermite then set out for a three-month patrol in the Chinese seas with "Preneuse" and "Brûle-Gueule", under Don Álava. In 1799, upon their return to Mauritius, the ships were blockaded by a British squadron of three ships of the line, a frigate and a brig. The French took refuge in Rivière noire, sent seven guns ashore and kept the British at bay for three weeks, before the British squadron renounced and departed.  On 4 September 1799, "Preneuse" engaged a British frigate squadron that she had approached in the fog and mistaken for merchant vessels, escaping after a furious fight that cost her 40 men.  In October 1799, off Cape of Good Hope, "Preneuse" was spotted and chased by the 54-gun HMS "Jupiter", which was cruising to intercept her. After a 22-hour chase, L'Hermite engaged "Jupiter" and managed to manoeuver into a favourable position from which he sent her a raking broadside at pistol range, forcing her to sail back to Cape Town to avoid boarding. His ship damaged and with 80 of his men killed of wounded, L'Hermite returned to Mauritius. On her return to Mauritius, "Preneuse" ran into the 74-gun "Tremendous", anchored in front of Port-Louis. As she attempted to escape by sailing in shallow waters, the 50-gun HMS "Adamant" cut her retreat. Erratic winds then grounded "Preneuse" on a coral bank, and she came under fire from the two ships of the line, able to return fire only from her stern chasers. L'Hermite sent his sick and wounded ashore and was taken prisoner by Commodore Hotham, who boarded "Preneuse" and burnt her. Ailing, L'Hermite was received with extreme courtesy by Hotham, and release on parole with his staff a few days later. He returned to Île de France a hero, the population celebrating him and a 15-shot saluted being fired in his honour.

Career during the First Empire.

L'Hermite returned to France in October 1801, where he was received by Bonaparte who promoted him to Captain, and called him "the Brave". He took command of the 74-gun "Brutus" to ferry her from Lorient to Brest, then of the 80-gun "Alexandre", and eventually of the 120-gun "Vengeur", as flag officer of Admiral Truguet. L'Hermitte's rising star came to a halt, however, when Truguet was dismissed after speaking against the rise of the Empire, and for one year l'Hermite was left without a command. He was appointed Officer of the Legion of Honour at the founding of the Order in late 1805. In 1805, L'Hermite took command of a squadron tasked with raiding commerce in the Atlantic and in the Caribbean, with his flag on the "Régulus"; the squadron further comprised two frigates and two fireships. The squadron departed Lorient on 31 October 1805 and cruised off the Azores, Cape Verde, the coast of Africa up to Benin, crossed the Atlantic to Brazil, and sailed towards the Caribbean. On 6 January 1806 they captured. In August 1806, a storm dispersed the squadron and L'Hermite lost his frigates, and he was forced back to Brest by an epidemic of scurvy. in the Iroise Sea, he ran into four British ships of the line blockading Brest, but managed to elude them and reach Brest harbour on 2 September 1806. Having captured around 50 ships and 10 million franc worth of goods during his 11-month campaign, L'Hermite was promoted to rear admiral and made a Baron of the Empire.  In October 1808, L'Hermite was put in command of the Rochefort squadron, raising his flag on "Ville de Varsovie". He also served as a rapporteur in the Council of war in the aftermath of the Battle of the Basque Roads. By mid-February, his failing health had forced him to resign his command and he never again occupied a command at sea.  From 1811, L'Hermite was préfet maritime in Toulon. In 1812, he briefly commanded the Mediterranean squadron, which did not sail at the time. His chronic illness forced him to rely on captain Christy-Pallière, who supervised the harbour, to relieve him.  After the Bourbon restoration in 1814, L'Hermite commanded the "Ville de Marseille". Louis XVIII sent him to pick up the Duke of Orléans and his family in Palermo. This task earned l'Hermite the cross of the Order of Saint Louis.  During the Hundred Days, L'Hermite declared himself in favour of the King, which caused his immediate dismissal.  L'Hermite retired in 1816 with the honorary rank of vice-admiral, and was appointed Knight of the Order of Saint Louis.

Portraits.

Langlois de Sézanne painted two portraits, representing L'Hermite and his wife, which the family gave to the museum of Coutances. A smaller portrait by Fanish, which shows l'Hermite in 1793, is also on display there.

Jean-Marthe-Adrien L'Hermite (Coutances, Manche, 29 September 1766 — Plessis-Picquet, 28 August 1826) was a French sea captain and rear admiral, notable for his involvement in the "Glorious First of June" and his expedition into the Atlantic in 1805.

Jean-Marthe-Adrien Lhermitte ou L'Hermitte, dit "le Brave", né le à Coutances et mort le à Plessis-Picquet près de Paris) est un contre-amiral français.


Location.

Dunbeg Fort is located on a rocky promontory just south of Slea Head on the Dingle Peninsula, looking over Dingle Bay to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The cliffs have eroded since it was built, and much of the fort has been lost to the sea. The fort's wall cut off access to the triangular promontory, which was later occupied by a single large "beehive" hut. Near to the fort there is a group of "clocháns", small stone structures also known as beehive huts that seem to have been built around 1000 BC.  A visitor center at the site includes audiovisual displays, an information and craft room and a restaurant and café.  In January 2014 the fort was closed when much of the western wall of the fort fell into the sea due to storm damage. The Office of Public Works and National Monuments Service sent personnel to investigate damage to the site.  The fort was again closed in December 2017 and separately in January 2018 after further damage was inflicted by the season's storms.

Structure.

George Victor Du Noyer described the fort as it was when he visited in 1858. The fort divided the point of a headland from the main shore with a dry stone wall between in width and about long from one side of the headland to the other. A passage near the midpoint leads through the wall, which was then high, wide at the top and wide at the base. The lintel is long. The passage widens to inside the fort, with an arched ceiling.  In front of the defensive wall there are four parallel ditches separated by three clay and gravel mounds. A pathway leads through this defence to the entrance of the fort. It seems that originally the path ran through a stone passage with a flagged roof as it passed through each mound. Possibly the earth ramparts were built first, then the rock wall added later to strengthen the defences. The wall itself was at first thick, with the landward face later built out to as much as near the entrance.  To the right of the entrance passage there is a rectangular room built into the wall. It is about that can be entered from the passage by a low square opening. A broad bench-like seat is opposite this opening in the passage. To the left of the passage is another, similar room, accessible from the fort through a low square opening, but not accessible from the passage. The wall contains long, narrow passages on either side of the entrance, which would have been covered over. They seem to have been inaccessible, so their purpose is not known. The interior of the wall slopes, forming steps, presumably to give access to a parapet.  Inside the fort Du Noyer found traces of several "clocháns", or drystone huts whose layout was no longer clear. There were traces of a wall along the cliff to the west, which is about above sea level. Two parallel walls ran from the fort up to the slopes of Mount Eagle, separating the lands round the Fahan settlement from the land to the east.  Due to erosion in December 2017 and early 2018 substantial damage has been done to the entrance doorway which has been declared unsafe by the OPW and is closed to visitors. Ref RTE News 4 Jan. 2018.

Archaeology.

The date at which the Dunbeg fort was built is very uncertain, although its structure resembles other Western Stone Forts. It may have been built around the same time as Iron Age blockhouse forts in Scotland such as the Crosskirk Fort in Caithness and the Clickimin Fort, Ness of Burgi Fort and Huxter Fort in Shetland. A sample of wood found in a ditch lying partly under the stone wall was dated to around 580 BC, so the wall is no older than that. Another piece of wood in a deposit overlaying the base of a retaining wall was dated to around 800 AD, indicating that the wall was built before that date. There is no trace of occupation other than the drystone "clochán" within the fort, which was built in the 10th century AD.

Notes and references.

Notes  Citations  Sources

Dunbeg Fort () is a promontory fort built in the Iron Age near the modern village of Ventry in County Kerry, Ireland.

Le fort de Dunbeg (en irlandais : "Dun Beag") est un éperon barré situé en bordure de l'océan, dans la Péninsule de Dingle.


History.

The village started in 1950 at the beginning of operations of the Nevada Test Site as Base Camp Mercury, a military-style encampment built to provide basic facilities for personnel involved. As the scope of the testing program expanded, so did the number of personnel required to fulfill the site's mission, and beginning in 1951 a $6.7 million construction project was undertaken to provide adequate individual housing, office, and service structures with a civilian village-like design. With the acquisition of a full-service post office in the mid-1950s, Base Camp Mercury was formally renamed Mercury, Nevada.  In 1957, the US Navy launched nine atmospheric sounding rockets to measure nuclear radiation and other atmospheric data, using Mercury as a staging area. The Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory conducted its first test flight in 1956. This test rocket lifted to an altitude of. In the early 1960s the village population grew to over 10,000, and further construction work was undertaken to upgrade the permanence of the village. A school was established, and numerous recreational and shopping facilities were added, including a movie theater, bowling alley, recreation hall, swimming pool, and hobby center, as well as a full-care health clinic, library, lodging (the Atomic Motel being the most prominent example), a non-denominational chapel with a cadre of chaplains, a service station with a garage, and a bus station. In 1962, the Desert Rock Airport was added for the visit from President John F. Kennedy on December 8.  The village flourished until 1992, when all but subcritical nuclear testing ended at the Nevada Test Site, as a result of the United States honoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (even though the U.S. has not yet signed or ratified the treaty). The population shrank rapidly thereafter, leaving most of the facilities abandoned. A skeleton crew of scientists and military remains in Mercury, conducting limited testing and research. Most of the amenities have closed, and the village is now a shell of its former self, although dining, bar facilities, and a gym remain. The current population is unknown, and fluctuates. The last known census recorded about 500 people.

Mercury is a closed village in Nye County, Nevada, United States, north of U.S. Route 95 at a point northwest of Las Vegas. It is situated within the Nevada National Security Site and was constructed by the Atomic Energy Commission to house and service the staff of the test site. The specific site was known as Jackass Flats and nearby Nevada Test Site 400. Today, the site is governed by the United States Department of Energy. As part of the test site, the village is not accessible to the general public. It was named after the mercury mines which flourished in its general vicinity a century before the village itself was established. The current population is unknown.

Mercury est une localité du sud du Nevada, dans le comté de Nye, située à 100 km au nord-ouest de Las Vegas. Ce village voisine avec la Nellis Air Force Range et fait partie intégrante du site d'essais du Nevada ce qui fait qu'il n'est pas accessible au public.


France aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 2004

Archery.

France has qualified three archers each in the men's and women's team.

Athletics.

French athletes have so far achieved qualifying standards in the following athletics events (up to a maximum of 3 athletes in each event at the 'A' Standard, and 1 at the 'B' Standard).

Boxing.

France sent six boxers to Athens, mostly in the lighter weight classes. They won a silver medal. Two lost their first bouts, as the team combined for a record of 8-6. France was part of a four-way tie for 8th place in the boxing medals scoreboard.

Diving.

France has qualified a single diver.

Equestrian.

France has qualified two riders in dressage, and a spot for the team each in eventing and show jumping. The team of Arnaud Boiteau, Didier Courrèges, Cédric Lyard, Jean Teulère and Nicolas Touzaint captured the gold medal in team eventing after winning an appeal against an earlier decision imposed by the FEI Ground Jury, that gave German rider Bettina Hoy and her team a triumphant gold medal double.

Judo.

France has qualified thirteen judoka.

Modern pentathlon.

France has qualified four athletes in modern pentathlon

Swimming.

French swimmers earned qualifying standards in the following events (up to a maximum of 2 swimmers in each event at the A-standard time, and 1 at the B-standard time):

Triathlon.

While the French had fewer top eight triathletes in 2004 than they had in 2000, Frédéric Belaubre earned the highest individual place of any French triathlete with a fifth-place finish. France's sole female triathlete was the last to finish.

France competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, from 13 to 29 August 2004. French athletes have competed in every Summer Olympic Games of the modern era. The French Olympic Committee sent a total of 308 athletes to the Games, 195 men and 113 women, to compete in 25 sports.

L'équipe de France olympique participe aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 2004 à Athènes. Elle y remporte trente-trois médailles : onze en or, neuf en argent et treize en bronze, se situant à la septième place des nations au tableau des médailles. Le handballeur Jackson Richardson est le porte-drapeau d'une délégation française comptant 315 sportifs (201 hommes et 114 femmes).


Six stories.

"The Angel in the Window to the Orient".

Abstract.

In the Venetian Lagoon, San Francesco del Deserto is an island that home to a Franciscans monastery. In 1917, Corto went here and asked the monks for a copy of a map, drawn on a missionary's skin. This coulds indicate him the location of the Sapa Inca Atahualpa's seven mines, around the Marañón River, at Peru. These mines are also the legendaries Seven Cities of Cibola and the mythic El Dorado. But, on this document, only six are represented on the document and the seventh is missing. Thus, a monk advises Corto to go to Venice, in the Venetian Ghetto, to meet Melchisedech the rabbi, who owns a diary describing all cities. On site, he discovers that a page showing the location of the seventh city is missing from the book. Would the responsible be a strange paralytic woman living in a Venetian palace, nicknamed "The Angel in the Window to the Orient"?  Recently, an Austrian plane often flies over her house. This little game intrigues Antonio Sorrentino, the Carabinieri captain. With few of his men and Corto, he goes to the palace to unravel the mystery. Inside, the sailor discover that the "paralytic woman" is in fact Venexiana Stevenson, his ennemy whom he has already faced in Honduras (cf. the story ""Banana Conga"", in the volume "Beyond the Windy Isles"), who now wants to find the El Dorado. If the Carabinieries liquidated her Austrian complices, she manages to escape their.

Analysis.

This story is a transition between Corto's adventures in the America (in the volume "Under the Sign of Capricorn" and "Beyond the Windy Isles") and in Europe (in this volume). In the previous story, in Peru, the sailor met a monk who told him about this mysterious map kept at Venice. So he went to this city to find it.  To document this story, Hugo Pratt explains that he drew information from the books of a missionary institute in Verona (Veneto, Italy), the Comboni. This place is overflowing with of books nibbled by rats, which were written by missionaries stationed in South America. The latter were in close contact with the natives. So, according to Pratt, this information are so important that people from Peru or Brazil come there to study it and learn Indian dialects.  Hugo Pratt enjoyed to shows his childhood city, Venice, as he will do in other future stories, like "Fable of Venice". Thus, he guides the reader between venetians isles and buildings. Scarso, the man who serves the sole (the "sfogio") really existed, who worked in Malamocco (village of the Lido where the comics creator has a house). In addition, various places are superbly drawn: the Piazza San Marco (with the St Mark's Basilica, the winged lion — the Lion of Venice — and the Doge's Palace), Santa Maria della Salute, etc. Then, through Corto's sentences, Pratt explains this city is so beautiful that it drives lazy, it is difficult to leave it..

"Under the Flag of Gold".

Abstract.

At the north of the Adriatic Sea, war is raging during the Battle of Caporetto (1917), notably setting against Italians and Austro-Hungarian. The fallen monarchy of Montenegro hid royal gold at Sette Casoni (), in the middle of the Italian front. Thus, the Montenegran Republican Army instructed Corto Maltese to recover it.  This "pirate" has a complexe plan to achieve this goal, imvolving partners of different nationalities. Lieutnant Radesky, an Austrian, secretly wathes operation on board an observation balloon and diverts the attention of his compatriots from the city. Meanwhile, scottishes and frenches soldiers obtain golden bars in a church right under the noses of the Austrians Uhlans. Then, Radesky is recovered by Americans (including a paramedic named Hernestway, who reminds Ernest Hemingway). Also, the fortune is load in a Greek gunboat piloted by Onatis (evoking Aristotle Onassis), where Corto is waiting the end of the operation.

Analysis.

This story takes place during a war overturns European borders and regimes. Since 1910, Montenegro constituted an independent kingdom, before being incorporated in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Fighting with the Allies, the Montenegro was occupied by Austro-Hungarians troops.  Corto Maltese evokes constants moving borders during the conflict. For example, a village can be Italian or Austrian depending on the days. This was the case of Lozzo di Cadore, on the Piave, in Veneto. So he stayed put while the fonts changed. Through this process, he manages to meet people who cans help him. Even if his accomplices are from various nationalities, they all come together under a same flag, gold.

"Concerto in O Minor for Harp and Nitroglycerin".

Abstract.

In octobre 1917, enriched by Montenegrin gold, Corto Maltese helps Sinn Féin to resist against British Army. He learns that one of their members, O’Sullivan, has betreayed them and is responsible for the execution of Pat Finnucan by Britishes. The latter was the leader of the movement and the symbol of the Irish Revolution. In Dublin, the Maltese meets the deceased's wife, Moira "Banshee" O’Danann, who wants to avenge her husband. With her help, Corto enters the British general headquarters (into Dublin Castle) and detonates it.  But inside, he discover an overwhelming secret, which his friend Sean Finnucan confirms. This one explains that his brother Pat was the real traitor. But Sean refused to reveal the truth about him; he had to pass for a hero, a martyr, in order to galvanize the revolutionaries. And the real hero was O’Sullivan, who was a spy against Britishes; so he made it look like he was a traitor. No one should know, even Moira. When Corto finds her on a beach, he suggests her to leave with him. Only, she consider herself a banshee, who brings misfortune to others. Also, she musts stay to help the revolution.

Analysis.

This insolite title speaks of Ireland and its struggle for freedom:  To build this story, Pratt based him on documents and testimonies. Thus, he meets a Pat Finnucan's niece, whose the story inspired him to his episode. He also exchanged with his friend Patricia Frawley, an Irish American, from Wheeling (West Virginia). She physically inspired him the character of Moira O’Danann.  Pat Finnucan's headstone features the quote "Fianna". In the Irish mythology, these were groups of semi-independent warriors. In more recent history, this word has been used for the name Fianna Éireann, an Irish nationalist youth organisation founded in 1909.  Other elements are mentioned in this story, such as the Easter Rising, led by Patrick Pearse. This bloody event led to the recognition of the Proclamation of the Irish Republic, then to the Irish Free State, in 1922.

"A Midwinter Morning’s Dream".

Abstract.

Stonehenge, a legendary place in England, Wiltshire... December 21, 1917, for the winter solstice, many creatures from Celtic mythology are meeting to discuss a dramatic event. Germans will soon attack England. And with them will come characters from Germanic mythology, who coulds threaten them! Exactly as during the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain (contemporary to the Arthurian cycle). So it takes a mortal to help them. Corto, who sleeps nearby, is awakened Puck, changed from raven and instructed to support him. The sailor discovers a dying man, Major Vortigern Welsh, of the Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry and member of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The latter, who committed suicide, warns him against his wife Rowena, a German spy, because of his misfortunes. With her brothers Hengist and Horsa, she plans to attack Tintagel Castle (Cornwall), where Allies are meeting.  On site, spies command a German U-boat to attack the castle, while the personnel of the British corvette is at anchor. Corto therefore pilots a tugboat to sink the submarine. Shortly after, a trial condemns Rowena. But, fair play, she gives her Iron Cross to the sailor. In addition, this one is decorated by a Conspicuous Gallantry Medal. Later, back to Stonehenge, Corto sleeps nearby again. Oberon congratulate Puck, who admits having snatched his medals from the Maltese. So Corto won't know if his adventure was true... or a Midwinter Morning's Dream.

Analysis.

As the title shows, this story clearly alludes to A Midsummer Night's Dream, a famous comedy written by William Shakespeare in 1595/96. Here we find characters from the play, Oberon and Puck. While the play takes place during St. John's Day, the summer solstice, the comic is set during the winter solstice. In this story, Oberon evokes the Huon of Bordeaux, a chanson de geste where he is also present and he is showing like the child of Morgan le Fay and Julius Caesar.  As in the Trojan War, a conflict between two existing countries is combined with a conflict between their respective mythologies. Also, various elements from the Arthurian legend are transposed here. Merlin and Morgan participate in the meeting at Stonehenge, a monument erected by the enchanter, as he recalls. Then, Tintagel Castle is closely related to King Arthur. Also, some semi-legendary characters are transposed in this story. In fact, in legend, Vortigern was a king of the Britons and married Rowena, an Anglo-Saxon. He also made a pact with her brothers Hengist and Horsa, who betrayed him to invade Great Britain. Thus, the British Major Vortigern Welsh is manipulate by his German wife Rowena, who projects to attack England with her brothers Hengist and Horsa.  The idea of this story was inspired by chance to Hugo Pratt. While visiting a cemetery in the northern France, he discorvered a curious tomb. A Canadian was buried there, died in 1918 in a battle against Germany, named... Julius César. Like the famous Roman conqueror, Oberon's father in some stories. It was for the cartoonist a message asking him this story.

"Côtes de Nuit and Picardy Roses".

Abstract.

In northern France, on the banks of the Somme, on April 20, 1918, soldiers are fighting. The Red Baron (Manfred von Richthofen), a German, successfully carried out an air raid on numerous enemy planes in his Fokker Dr.I. Two Australians talk to Corto about a way to kill him. Officer Sandy explain that his friend Clem is a crack shot, but only when he is drunk. So he tries to convince the sailor to open his bottles of Burgundy wine, to make drunk this soldier. But Corto categorically refuses. The latter hopes to see his old friend the British Cain Groovesnore. He is a volunteer in the Royal Air Force and located in an English aviation camp near Bertangles.  The following day, Sandy discretly steals the much-vaunted bottles to inebriate Clem. The latter shot at the Red Baron flying over the area; but he seemed to lack target. Yet, a short time later, Manfred von Richthofen crashed; soldiers strip him and claim responsibility for the exploit. But not doubt for Sandy: it's Clem who had shot him. Unfortunately, an airplane then bombed the truck in which he was brewing and killed him. Sandy feels responsible for the death of his friend; but according to Corto, it's the fault of the war...

Analysis.

This strange title alludes to various things. "Côte de Nuits" is a French wine region located into the Burgundy wine region, renowned for its crus. "Picardy Roses" evokes Roses of Picardy, a popular British song composed in 1916; it was one of the most famous songs of the First World War. It is also a reference to the roses that the Red Baron deposits on the wreckage of planes he shoots down. Finally, this story takes place in the historical territory of Picardy.  In this story, contrasting with his sinister reputation, Manfred von Richthofen appears to be very attached to his mother. Pratt wanted to use some truthful elements about this historical figure. For example, it is a question of glorious track record of this flying ace, officially credited with 80 air combat victories. Other elements are authentic, such as his custom of cutting empennage of the planes he shot down, to make trophies. It is also true that his aunt Frieda von Richthofen married the British novelist D. H. Lawrence.  At the end of this story, an airplane flies, piloted by Hermann Göring, another air ace. He will later be infamous for working with Adolf Hitler.

"Burlesque Between Zuydcoote and Bray-Dunes".

Abstract.

Again in France, between the cities of Zuydcoote and Bray-Dunes (Nord department), a show is performed in a Royal Air Force base by the puppeteer Rico-Rico and the singer Mélodie Gaël. Shortly after, Corto Maltese is talking with is friend Cain Groovesnore, who announces him that his American cousine Pandora is going to marry. Corto, who loved her (cf. the story "The Ballad of the Salty Sea"), remains on a beach, thoughtful. But suddenly, he learns that Cain has been arrested, accused of having shot the Lieutnant De Trécesson. Wanting to defend him, the sailor speaks with Commissaire Rothschild, in charge of the investigation. Together, they question witnesses: Rico-Rico and Mélodie Gaël.  Gradually, they discover that, in reality, the lieutenant had understood that she was a spy, in the service of the Germans. So he came to see her to accuse her. But she hypnotized Cain, also present, so that he would kill him. During the investigation, a fight ensued while the artists killed each other. Ultimately, Cain is exonerated and Trecesson will survive.

Analysis.

At the end of this story, Corto cynically declares to Rothschild that he came to France to drink French wines (allude to Château Lafite Rothschild wines). This, while he is in the midst of the war massacres and witnessed murders. This sentence earned Pratt two cases of wine from the Rothschild family. In this regard, there was also talk of wine in the previous story.  Various cultural references ponctuate this story. Thus, Lieutnant De Trécesson has the same name as the Château de Trécesson, near the Paimpont forest. This place is often associated with the forest of Brocéliande, an important location from the Arthurian legend. Many places of this forest are mentioned: Val sans retour and fountain of Barenton.  Rico-Rico comes from the Venetian Gozzi family. His name is the Carlo Gozzi's nickname, who lived only for his roles and legends which he interpreted went to his head

Artistic elements.

Drawns.

Hugo Pratt has produced numerous additional drawings on the characters and places relating to the stories in this album. As is also the case for the other episodes of the series. Here, for example, he drew different places in Ireland and historical or legendary characters.

Poem on the cover.

Among the many covers existing for Celtic Tales, one of them shows a poem in which Corto Maltese thanks different characters, mostly from Celtic legends:

Awards and Tributes.

Awards.

Hugo Pratt won the "Prix Saint-Michel", for "Best Realistic Writing" in 1977, for the story "A Midwinter Morning’s Dream".

Tributes.

Twenty years after the death of Hugo Pratt, his ex-assistant, another Italian comic book creator, gave him a tribute album. Entitled ""Twenty after... Homage to Hugo Pratt"", it includes drawings inspired by the story ""A Midwinter Morning’s Dream"", where Corto and characters from Celtic legends await Pratt the day of his death... for welcome him into their world.

Celtic Tales (or The Celts) is a volume of comics that brings together six Corto Maltese's adventures, a Maltese sailor. These stories were written and drawn by the Italian comic book creator Hugo Pratt. They were published for the first time between 1971 and 1972, in the French comic magazine Pif Gadget. They take place in Europe, during the World War I, between 1917 and 1918. The stories are:

Les Celtiques, rassemble six aventures de Corto Maltese. Écrites et dessinées par Hugo Pratt, elles succèdent à celles de "Corto toujours un peu plus loin" :


Early life.

Mineo was born in the Bronx, the son of coffin makers Josephine (née Alvisi) and Salvatore Mineo Sr. He was of Sicilian descent; his father was born in Italy and his mother, of Italian origin, was born in the United States. Mineo was the brother of actress Sarina Mineo and actors Michael and Victor Mineo. He attended the Quintano School for Young Professionals.

Career.

Child actor.

Mineo's mother enrolled him in dancing and acting school at an early age. He had his first stage appearance in Tennessee Williams' play "The Rose Tattoo" (1951). He also played the young prince opposite Yul Brynner in the stage musical "The King and I". Brynner took the opportunity to help Mineo better himself as an actor.  On May 8, 1954, Mineo portrayed the Page (lip-synching to the voice of mezzo-soprano Carol Jones) in the NBC Opera Theatre's production of Richard Strauss's "Salome" (in English translation), set to Oscar Wilde's play.Elaine Malbin performed the title role, and Peter Herman Adler conducted Kirk Browning's production.  As a teenager, Mineo appeared on ABC's musical quiz program "Jukebox Jury". Mineo made several television appearances before making his screen debut in the Joseph Pevney film "Six Bridges to Cross" (1955). He beat out Clint Eastwood for the role. Mineo also successfully auditioned for a part in "The Private War of Major Benson" (1955), as a cadet colonel opposite Charlton Heston.

"Rebel Without a Cause" and stardom.

Mineo's breakthrough as an actor came in "Rebel Without a Cause" (1955), in which he played John "Plato" Crawford, a sensitive teenager smitten with main character Jim Stark (played by James Dean). Mineo's performance resulted in an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor, and his popularity quickly developed. Mineo's biographer, Paul Jeffers, recounted that Mineo received thousands of letters from young female fans, was mobbed by them at public appearances, and further wrote: "He dated the most beautiful women in Hollywood and New York City."  In "Giant" (1956), Mineo played Angel Obregon II, a Mexican boy killed in World War II. Many of his subsequent roles were variations of his role in "Rebel Without a Cause", and he was typecast as a troubled teen. In the Disney adventure "Tonka" (1958), for instance, Mineo starred as a young Sioux named White Bull who traps and domesticates a clear-eyed, spirited wild horse named Tonka that becomes the famous Comanche, the lone survivor of Custer's Last Stand. By the late 1950s, Mineo was a major celebrity. He was sometimes referred to as the "Switchblade Kid", a nickname he earned from his role as a criminal in the movie "Crime in the Streets" (1956). In 1957, Mineo made a brief foray into pop music by recording a handful of songs and an album. Two of his singles reached the Top 40 in the United States' "Billboard" Hot 100. The more popular of the two, "Start Movin' (In My Direction)", reached #9 on "Billboard"'s pop chart. It sold over one million copies and was awarded a gold disc. He starred as drummer Gene Krupa in the movie "The Gene Krupa Story" (1959), directed by Don Weis with Susan Kohner, James Darren, and Susan Oliver. He appeared as the celebrity guest challenger on the June 30, 1957, episode of What's My Line?  Mineo made an effort to break his typecasting. In addition to his roles as a Native American brave in "Tonka" (1956), and a Mexican boy in "Giant" (1956), he played a Jewish Holocaust survivor in "Exodus" (1960); for his work in "Exodus", he won a Golden Globe Award and received his second Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor.

Career shift.

By the early 1960s, Mineo was becoming too old to play the type of role that had made him famous, and his rumoured homosexuality led to his being considered inappropriate for leading roles. For example, he auditioned for David Lean's film "Lawrence of Arabia" (1962) but was not hired. Mineo appeared in "The Longest Day" (1962), in which he played a private killed by a German after the landing in Sainte-Mère-Église. Mineo was baffled by his sudden loss of popularity, later saying: "One minute it seemed I had more movie offers than I could handle; the next, no one wanted me.  Mineo was the model for Harold Stevenson's painting "The New Adam" (1963). Now in the Guggenheim Museum's permanent collection, the painting is considered "one of the great American nudes." Mineo also appeared on the Season 2 episode of "The Patty Duke Show": "Patty Meets a Celebrity" (1964).  Mineo's role as a stalker in "Who Killed Teddy Bear" (1965), which co-starred Juliet Prowse, did not seem to help his career. Although his performance was praised by critics, he found himself typecast again—this time as a deranged criminal. The high point of this period was his portrayal of Uriah in "The Greatest Story Ever Told" (1965).Mineo guest-starred in an episode of the TV series "Combat!" in 1966, playing the role of a GI wanted for murder. He did two more appearances on the same show, including appearing in an installment with Fernando Lamas.  In 1969, Mineo returned to the stage to direct a Los Angeles production of the LGBT-themed play "Fortune and Men's Eyes" (1967), featuring then unknown Don Johnson as Smitty and himself as Rocky. The production received positive reviews, although its expanded prison rape scene was criticized as excessive and gratuitous. Mineo's last role in a motion picture was a small part in the film "Escape from the Planet of the Apes" (1971); he played the chimpanzee Dr. Milo.  Mineo stage-directed a Gian Carlo Menotti opera entitled "The Medium" in December 1972 in Detroit. Muriel Costa-Greenspon portrayed the title character, Madame Flora, and Mineo played the mute Toby. In 1975, Mineo appeared as Rachman Habib, the assistant to a murderous consular head of a Middle Eastern country, in the "Columbo" episode "A Case of Immunity," on NBC-TV. Mineo also appeared in two episodes of "Hawaii Five-O", in 1968 and 1975. One of his last roles was a guest spot on the TV series "S.W.A.T." (1975), in which he portrayed a cult leader similar to Charles Manson.  By 1976, Mineo's career had begun to turn around. While playing the role of a bisexual burglar in a series of stage performances of the comedy "P.S. Your Cat Is Dead" in San Francisco, Mineo received substantial publicity from many positive reviews; he moved to Los Angeles along with the play.

Personal life.

Mineo met English-born actress Jill Haworth on the set of the film "Exodus" in 1960, in which they portrayed young lovers. Mineo and Haworth were together on-and-off for many years. They were engaged to be married at one point. According to Mineo biographer Michael Gregg Michaud, Haworth cancelled the engagement after she caught Mineo engaging in sexual relations with another man. The two did remain very close friends until Mineo's death. Mineo expressed disapproval of Haworth's brief relationship with the much older television producer Aaron Spelling. One night, when Mineo found Haworth and Spelling at a private Beverly Hills nightclub, he punched Spelling in the face, yelling, "Do you know how old she is? What are you doing with her at your age?" While some have described Haworth as being nothing but a close friend and a "beard" to Mineo to conceal his same-sex partners, Michaud casts doubt upon this claim; he asserts that Mineo and Haworth's relationship was genuine, that Mineo fell in love with Haworth, and that Mineo regarded her as one of the important people in his life.  In a 1972 interview with Boze Hadleigh, Mineo discussed his bisexuality. At the time of his death, he was in a six-year relationship with male actor Courtney Burr III.

Death.

On the night of February 12, 1976, the actor returned home following a rehearsal for the play "P.S. Your Cat Is Dead". After parking his car in the carport below his West Hollywood apartment, the 37-year-old was stabbed in the heart by a mugger who quickly fled the scene. Police pursued multiple leads but assumed the crime to be the result of some sort of “homosexual motivation.” In March 1979, Lionel Ray Williams was sentenced to 57 years in prison for killing Mineo and for committing 10 robberies in the same area. Although considerable confusion existed as to what witnesses had seen in the darkness the night Mineo was murdered, Williams claimed to have had no idea who Mineo was. Corrections officers later said they had overheard Williams admitting to the stabbing. Williams' wife later confirmed that on the night Mineo died, he had come home with blood on his shirt. He was paroled in the early 1990s.  Mineo was buried at Gate of Heaven Cemetery in Hawthorne, New York.

Salvatore Mineo Jr. (January 10, 1939February 12, 1976) was an American actor, singer and director. Mineo is best known for his Academy Award-nominated performance as John "Plato" Crawford opposite James Dean in the film "Rebel Without a Cause" (1955). Mineo also received a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award nomination for his supporting role in "Exodus" (1960). A 1950s teen idol, Mineo's acting career declined in his adult years. He was murdered in 1976.

Sal Mineo, de son vrai nom Mineo Jr., est un acteur américain né le à New York, dans le quartier du Bronx, et mort assassiné le à West Hollywood (Californie).


Système de désignation des bâtiments de l'US Navy

History.

United States Navy.

The U.S. Navy began to assign unique Naval Registry Identification Numbers to its ships in the 1890s. The system was a simple one in which each ship received a number which was appended to its ship type, fully spelled out, and added parenthetically after the ship's name when deemed necessary to avoid confusion between ships. Under this system, for example, the battleship "Indiana" was USS "Indiana" (Battleship No. 1,) the cruiser "Olympia" was USS "Olympia" (Cruiser No. 6,) and so on. Beginning in 1907, some ships also were referred to alternatively by single-letter or three-letter codes—for example, USS "Indiana" (Battleship No. 1) could be referred to as USS "Indiana" (B-1) and USS "Olympia" (Cruiser No. 6) could also be referred to as USS "Olympia" (C-6), while USS "Pennsylvania" (Armored Cruiser No. 4) could be referred to as USS "Pennsylvania" (ACR-4). However, rather than replacing it, these codes coexisted and were used interchangeably with the older system until the modern system was instituted on 17 July 1920.  During World War I, the U.S. Navy acquired large numbers of privately owned and commercial ships and craft for use as patrol vessels, mine warfare vessels, and various types of naval auxiliary ships, some of them with identical names. To keep track of them all, the Navy assigned unique identifying numbers to them. Those deemed appropriate for patrol work received section patrol numbers (SP), while those intended for other purposes received "identification numbers", generally abbreviated "Id. No." or "ID;" some ships and craft changed from an SP to an ID number or vice versa during their careers, without their unique numbers themselves changing, and some ships and craft assigned numbers in anticipation of naval service were never acquired by the Navy. The SP/ID numbering sequence was unified and continuous, with no SP number repeated in the ID series or vice versa so that there could not be, for example, both an "SP-435" and an "Id. No 435". The SP and ID numbers were used parenthetically after each boat's or ship's name to identify it; although this system pre-dated the modern hull classification system and its numbers were not referred to at the time as "hull codes" or "hull numbers," it was used in a similar manner to today's system and can be considered its precursor.

United States Revenue Cutter Service and United States Coast Guard.

The United States Revenue Cutter Service, which merged with the United States Lifesaving Service in January 1915 to form the modern United States Coast Guard, began following the Navy's lead in the 1890s, with its cutters having parenthetical numbers called Naval Registry Identification Numbers following their names, such as (Cutter No. 1), etc. This persisted until the Navy's modern hull classification system's introduction in 1920, which included Coast Guard ships and craft.

United States Coast and Geodetic Survey.

Like the U.S. Navy, the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey – a uniformed seagoing service of the United States Government and a predecessor of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) – adopted a hull number system for its fleet in the 20th century. Its largest vessels, "Category I" oceanographic survey ships, were classified as "ocean survey ships" and given the designation "OSS". Intermediate-sized "Category II" oceanographic survey ships received the designation "MSS" for "medium survey ship," and smaller "Category III" oceanographic survey ships were given the classification "CSS" for "coastal survey ship." A fourth designation, "ASV" for "auxiliary survey vessel," included even smaller vessels. In each case, a particular ship received a unique designation based on its classification and a unique hull number separated by a space rather than a hyphen; for example, the third Coast and Geodetic Survey ship named "Pioneer" was an ocean survey ship officially known as USC&GS "Pioneer" (OSS 31). The Coast and Geodetic Surveys system persisted after the creation of NOAA in 1970, when NOAA took control of the Surveys fleet, but NOAA later changed to its modern hull classification system.

The modern hull classification system.

United States Navy.

The U.S. Navy instituted its modern hull classification system on 17 July 1920, doing away with section patrol numbers, "identification numbers", and the other numbering systems described above. In the new system, all hull classification symbols are at least two letters; for basic types the symbol is the first letter of the type name, doubled, except for aircraft carriers.  The combination of symbol and hull number identifies a modern Navy ship uniquely. A heavily modified or re-purposed ship may receive a new symbol, and either retain the hull number or receive a new one. For example, the heavy gun cruiser was converted to a gun/missile cruiser, changing the hull number to CAG-1. Also, the system of symbols has changed a number of times both since it was introduced in 1907 and since the modern system was instituted in 1920, so ships' symbols sometimes change without anything being done to the physical ship.  Hull numbers are assigned by classification. Duplication between, but not within, classifications is permitted. Hence, CV-1 was the aircraft carrier and BB-1 was the battleship.  Ship types and classifications have come and gone over the years, and many of the symbols listed below are not presently in use. The Naval Vessel Register maintains an online database of U.S. Navy ships showing which symbols are presently in use.  After World War II until 1975, the U.S. Navy defined a "frigate" as a type of surface warship larger than a destroyer and smaller than a cruiser. In other navies, such a ship generally was referred to as a "flotilla leader", or "destroyer leader". Hence the U.S. Navy's use of "DL" for "frigate" prior to 1975, while "frigates" in other navies were smaller than destroyers and more like what the U.S. Navy termed a "destroyer escort", "ocean escort", or "DE". The United States Navy 1975 ship reclassification of cruisers, frigates, and ocean escorts brought U.S. Navy classifications into line with other nations' classifications, at least cosmetically in terms of terminology, and eliminated the perceived "cruiser gap" with the Soviet Navy by redesignating the former "frigates" as "cruisers".

Military Sealift Command.

If a U.S. Navy ship's hull classification symbol begins with "T-", it is part of the Military Sealift Command, has a primarily civilian crew, and is a United States Naval Ship (USNS) in non-commissioned service – as opposed to a commissioned United States Ship (USS) with an all-military crew.

United States Coast Guard.

If a ship's hull classification symbol begins with "W", it is a commissioned cutter of the United States Coast Guard. Until 1965, the Coast Guard used U.S. Navy hull classification codes, prepending a "W" to their beginning. In 1965, it retired some of the less mission-appropriate Navy-based classifications and developed new ones of its own, most notably WHEC for "high endurance cutter" and WMEC for "medium endurance cutter".

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), a component of the United States Department of Commerce, includes the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps (or "NOAA Corps"), one of the eight uniformed services of the United States, and operates a fleet of seagoing research and survey ships. The NOAA fleet also uses a hull classification symbol system, which it also calls "hull numbers," for its ships.  After NOAA took over the former Coast and Geodetic Survey fleet in 1970 along with research vessels of other government agencies, it adopted a new system of ship classification. In its system, the NOAA fleet is divided into two broad categories, research ships and survey ships. The research ships, which include oceanographic and fisheries research vessels, are given hull numbers beginning with "R", while the survey ships, generally hydrographic survey vessels, receive hull numbers beginning with "S". The letter is followed by a three-digit number; the first digit indicates the NOAA "class" (i.e., size) of the vessel, which NOAA assigns based on the ship's gross tonnage and horsepower, while the next two digits combine with the first digit to create a unique three-digit identifying number for the ship.  Generally, each NOAA hull number is written with a space between the letter and the three-digit number, as in, for example, or.  Unlike the Navy, once an older NOAA ship leaves service, a newer one can be given the same hull number; for example, "S 222" was assigned to, then assigned to NOAAS "Thomas Jefferson" (S 222), which entered NOAA service after "Mount Mitchell" was stricken.

United States Navy hull classification codes.

The U.S. Navy's system of alpha-numeric ship designators, and its associated hull numbers, have been for several decades a unique method of categorizing ships of all types: combatants, auxiliaries and district craft. Though considerably changed in detail and expanded over the years, this system remains essentially the same as when formally implemented in 1920. It is a very useful tool for organizing and keeping track of naval vessels, and also provides the basis for the identification numbers painted on the bows (and frequently the sterns) of most U.S. Navy ships.  The ship designator and hull number system's roots extend back to the late 1880s when ship type serial numbers were assigned to most of the new-construction warships of the emerging "Steel Navy". During the course of the next thirty years, these same numbers were combined with filing codes used by the Navy's clerks to create an informal version of the system that was put in place in 1920. Limited usage of ship numbers goes back even earlier, most notably to the "Jeffersonian Gunboats" of the early 1800s and the "Tinclad" river gunboats of the Civil War Mississippi Squadron.  It is important to understand that hull number-letter prefixes are not acronyms, and should not be carelessly treated as abbreviations of ship type classifications. Thus, "DD" does not stand for anything more than "Destroyer". "SS" simply means "Submarine". And "FF" is the post-1975 type code for "Frigate."  The hull classification codes for ships in active duty in the United States Navy are governed under Secretary of the Navy Instruction 5030.8B (SECNAVINST 5030.8B).

Warships.

Warships are designed to participate in combat operations.  The origin of the two-letter code derives from the need to distinguish various cruiser subtypes.

Aircraft carrier type.

Aircraft carriers are ships designed primarily for the purpose of conducting combat operations by aircraft which engage in attacks against airborne, surface, sub-surface and shore targets. Contrary to popular belief, the "CV" hull classification symbol does not stand for "carrier vessel". "CV" derives from the cruiser designation, with the v for French "voler", "to fly". Aircraft carriers are designated in two sequences: the first sequence runs from CV-1 USS "Langley" to the very latest ships, and the second sequence, "CVE" for escort carriers, ran from CVE-1 "Long Island" to CVE-127 "Okinawa" before being discontinued.

Surface combatant type.

Surface combatants are ships which are designed primarily to engage enemy forces on the high seas. The primary surface combatants are battleships, cruisers and destroyers. Battleships are very heavily armed and armored; cruisers moderately so; destroyers and smaller warships, less so. Before 1920, ships were called "<type> no. X", with the type fully pronounced. The types were commonly abbreviated in ship lists to "B-X", "C-X", "D-X" et cetera—for example, before 1920, would have been called "USS "Minnesota", Battleship number 22" orally and "USS "Minnesota", B-22" in writing. After 1920, the ship's name would have been both written and pronounced "USS "Minnesota" (BB-22)". In generally decreasing size, the types are:

Submarine type.

Submarines are all self-propelled submersible types (usually started with SS) regardless of whether employed as combatant, auxiliary, or research and development vehicles which have at least a residual combat capability. While some classes, including all diesel-electric submarines, are retired from USN service, non-U.S. navies continue to employ SS, SSA, SSAN, SSB, SSC, SSG, SSM, and SST types. With the advent of new Air Independent Propulsion/Power (AIP) systems, both SSI and SSP are used to distinguish the types within the USN, but SSP has been declared the preferred term. SSK, retired by the USN, continues to be used colloquially and interchangeably with SS for diesel-electric attack/patrol submarines within the USN, and, more formally, by the Royal Navy and British firms such as Jane's Information Group.

Patrol combatant type.

Patrol combatants are ships whose mission may extend beyond coastal duties and whose characteristics include adequate endurance and seakeeping, providing a capability for operations exceeding 48 hours on the high seas without support. This notably included Brown Water Navy/Riverine Forces during the Vietnam War. Few of these ships are in service today.

Amphibious warfare type.

Amphibious warfare vessels include all ships having organic capability for amphibious warfare and which have characteristics enabling long duration operations on the high seas. There are two classifications of craft: amphibious warfare ships which are built to cross oceans, and landing craft, which are designed to take troops from ship to shore in an invasion.  Ships  Landing Craft

Expeditionary support.

Operated by Military Sealift Command, have ship prefix "USNS", hull code begins with "T-".

Combat logistics type.

Ships which have the capability to provide underway replenishment to fleet units.

Mine warfare type.

Mine warfare ships are those ships whose primary function is mine warfare on the high seas.

Coastal defense type.

Coastal defense ships are those whose primary function is coastal patrol and interdiction.

Mobile logistics type.

Mobile logistics ships have the capability to provide direct material support to other deployed units operating far from home ports.

Auxiliary type.

An auxiliary ship is designed to operate in any number of roles supporting combatant ships and other naval operations.

Airships.

Although technically an aircraft, pre-World War II rigid airships (e.g., zeppelins) were treated like commissioned surface warships and submarines, flew the U.S. ensign from their stern and carried a United States Ship (USS) designation. Non-rigid airships (e.g., blimps) continued to fly the U.S. ensign from their stern but were always considered to be primarily aircraft.

Support ships.

Support ships are not designed to participate in combat and are generally not armed. For ships with civilian crews (owned by and/or operated for Military Sealift Command and the Maritime Administration), the prefix T- is placed at the front of the hull classification.

Support type.

Support ships are designed to operate in the open ocean in a variety of sea states to provide general support to either combatant forces or shore-based establishments. They include smaller auxiliaries which, by the nature of their duties, leave inshore waters.

Service type craft.

Service craft are navy-subordinated craft (including non-self-propelled) designed to provide general support to either combatant forces or shore-based establishments. The suffix "N" refers to non-self-propelled variants.

United States Coast Guard vessels.

Prior to 1965, U.S. Coast Guard cutters used the same designation as naval ships but preceded by a "W" to indicate Coast Guard commission. The U.S. Coast Guard considers any ship over 65 feet in length with a permanently assigned crew, a cutter.

Temporary designations.

United States Navy Designations (Temporary) are a form of U.S. Navy ship designation, intended for temporary identification use. Such designations usually occur during periods of sudden mobilization, such as that which occurred prior to, and during, World War II or the Korean War, when it was determined that a sudden temporary need arose for a ship for which there was no official Navy designation.  During World War II, for example, a number of commercial vessels were requisitioned, or acquired, by the U.S. Navy to meet the sudden requirements of war. A yacht acquired by the U.S. Navy during the start of World War II might seem desirable to the Navy whose use for the vessel might not be fully developed or explored at the time of acquisition.  On the other hand, a U.S. Navy vessel, such as the yacht in the example above, already in commission or service, might be desired, or found useful, for another need or purpose for which there is no official designation.  Numerous other U.S. Navy vessels were launched with a temporary, or nominal, designation, such as YMS or PC, since it could not be determined, at the time of construction, what they should be used for. Many of these were vessels in the 150 to 200 feet length class with powerful engines, whose function could be that of a minesweeper, patrol craft, submarine chaser, seaplane tender, tugboat, or other. Once their destiny, or capability, was found or determined, such vessels were reclassified with their actual designation.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration hull codes.

The letter is paired with a three-digit number. The first digit of the number is determined by the ships "power tonnage," defined as the sum of its shaft horsepower and gross international tonnage, as follows:  The second and third digits are assigned to create a unique three-digit hull number.

The United States Navy, United States Coast Guard, and United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) use a hull classification symbol (sometimes called hull code or hull number) to identify their ships by type and by individual ship within a type. The system is analogous to the pennant number system that the Royal Navy and other European and Commonwealth navies use.

Afin de classer leurs navires et bâtiments par catégorie, et par unité individuelle au sein d'une même catégorie, la Marine, la Garde côtière (USCG) et l'Agence d'observation océanique (NOAA) des États-Unis utilisent un système de classification (parfois appelé symbole de coque ou numéro de coque).


Le Marsupilami (série télévisée d'animation)

Segments.

Marsupilami.

This segment deals with the adventures of Marsupilami (voiced by Steve Mackall) and his friends Maurice the Gorilla (voiced by Jim Cummings) and Stewart the Elephant (voiced by Dan Castellaneta). Some episodes of Marsupilami would have him either evading Eduardo the Jaguar (voiced by Steve Landesberg) or outwitting a human named Norman (voiced by Jim Cummings).  Many one off characters also appears in the series like the three baby monkeys (all voiced by Jim Thurman) and their clown owner, Norman's Aunt Bethie (voiced by June Foray), Leonardo the Lion (voiced by Jim Cummings) and Corpsy, a myth that proved to be real.

Sebastian the Crab.

Sebastian the Crab (voiced by Samuel E. Wright) from "The Little Mermaid" is a segment which takes place in various locations out of the sea after the end of the events of "The Little Mermaid". Ariel has become human, married Prince Eric, moved onto land, and almost never has any time to drop by and visit her old friends in the ocean. Flounder and Scuttle have also moved on with their lives now that their best friend Ariel is living away on land. Sebastian has some new adventures, with some of them having him outwit Chef Louie (voiced by René Auberjonois). The events in this segment seem to show that both Sebastian and Louie moved away from the coastal area where "The Little Mermaid" took place, even though they both returned in.

Shnookums and Meat.

Shnookums and Meat was a secondary segment on this show which would later spin-off into its own show. This segment involves a cat named Shnookums (voiced by Jason Marsden) and a dog named Meat (voiced by Frank Welker) who did not get along very well. Their owners are unseen stock characters only viewed from the neck down and named (appropriately enough) Husband & Wife (voiced by Steve Mackall and Tress MacNeille). Husband is always referring to their home as their "domicile" before the two leave their pets in charge while they are away.

Production.

There were 13 episodes in the series, which lasted one season and ended on December 11, 1993. Reruns of the show were aired on The Disney Channel (from October 1994 to June 1995), and later on Toon Disney from 1998–2009. Each of the 13 episodes would feature one new "Marsupilami" short, then one short either featuring Sebastian the Crab or Shnookums and Meat, and then an old "Marsupilami" short, from "Raw Toonage". Three of the 16 "Marsupilami" shorts made for "Raw Toonage" – "Wanna Be Ruler", "The Young and the Nestless", and "Hot Spots" – were not included in the 1993 "Marsupilami" series, but do appear on the PAL video (Betamax and VHS) releases.  The original Marsupilami comic stories by Franquin never had a speaking Marsupilami and never featured a gorilla or elephant in the Marsupilami's wild habitat, since these species are native to Africa, while the Marsupilami species in the comic version was said to come from South America. Another change is that Disney's animated Marsupilami can speak, whereas his comic counterpart can only mimic sound like a parrot.

Home media.

North American (NTSC) releases.

Three VHS and Betamax compilations, each containing five Marsupilami shorts, were released in North America by Walt Disney Home Video.

European and Oceania (PAL) releases.

Five VHS cassettes and Betamax cassettes, collecting the entire production of Marsupilami shorts produced by Disney, were released in Europe and Oceania by Walt Disney Home Video.

Other cartoons.

In 2000, a second Marsupilami cartoon premiered in France. It was produced by Marathon. Then in 2009, a third Marsupilami premiered in France. And was produced by Samka Productions Inc.

Marsupilami is an American animated television series that first appeared on television as a segment of the 1992 show "Raw Toonage", and was then spun off into his own eponymous show on CBS for the 1993–94 season. The show was based on the character from the popular comic book by Belgian artist André Franquin et al.

Le Marsupilami ("Marsupilami") est une série télévisée d'animation américaine en 28 épisodes, inspirée du personnage éponyme créé par André Franquin et produite par Walt Disney Television Animation.


Career.

Born in Vyksa, Russian SFSR, Kolobnev spent his neo-pro year in 2002 with. His second season saw him sign with Domina Vacanze–Elitron. There, he took his first victory in Stage 2 of the Settimana Internazionale di Coppi e Bartali. He stayed with Domina Vacanze through the 2004 season and signed with UCI ProTeam for 2005. With Rabobank he managed to capture Stage 1 of the Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana in 2006.  In 2007 he transferred to. He won the third stage of Paris–Nice, became the inaugural winner of the Monte Paschi Eroica, now known as Strade Bianche, and finished second at the UCI Road World Championships. Kolobnev finished fourth in the road race at the 2008 Olympic Games. Second-place finisher Davide Rebellin later tested positive for Continuous erythropoietin receptor activator (CERA), causing the IOC to strip him of his silver medal. Though the UCI considers Kolobnev promoted to third in the race's standings, he has not been awarded a bronze medal.

Controversies.

Positive doping test.

In the 2011 Tour de France he tested positive for the diuretic hydrochlorothiazide, a masking agent that can hide the presence of performance-enhancing drugs. He was subsequently pulled from the tour by his team, and his results for that stage were annulled. Despite his B sample also testing positive he only received a fine from the Russian cycling federation. However this was later appealed by the UCI to CAS, although he was subsequently cleared of any charges on 29 February 2012. Kolobnev rejoined in March 2012.

Alleged collusion at 2010 Liège–Bastogne–Liège.

In 2012, the Union Cycliste Internationale initiated an investigation of Kolobnev and the Kazakh rider Alexander Vinokourov over allegations brought by the Swiss news magazine "L'lllustre" and Italian newspaper "Corriere della Sera". They accused Vinokourov of cutting a deal with Kolobnev in 2010 to aid Vinokourov in winning Liège–Bastogne–Liège, alleging €150,000 exchanged hands. On 12 September 2019, prosecutors requested a six-month jail sentence for Kolobnev and Vinokourov, with an additional fine of €50,000 for Kolobnev, as well as €150,000 to be confiscated from his bank account. Kolobnev and Vinokourov were cleared on 5 November 2019, with the judge citing a "lack of concrete evidence" for the court's decision.

Personal life.

He lives in Dénia, Spain, with his wife Daria and two sons, David, Alexander and Aprelia.

Alexandr Vasilievich Kolobnev (; born 4 May 1981) is a Russian former professional road bicycle racer. His major victories include winning the 2007 Monte Paschi Eroica, a stage of the 2007 Paris–Nice and he is a two-time winner of the Russian National Road Race Championships. In 2011, he was provisionally suspended after testing positive for a potential drug masking agent. He was cleared of intentional doping by the Court of Arbitration for Sport in February 2012, and returned to in March 2012.

Aleksandr Vassilievitch Kolobnev - en russe : - ou Alexandr Kolobnev, transcription incorrecte la plus souvent utilisée, (né le à Vyksa) est un coureur cycliste russe, professionnel. Il a notamment été champion de Russie sur route en 2004 et 2010, médaillé d'argent du championnat du monde sur route en 2007 et 2009 et médaillé de bronze de la course en ligne des Jeux olympiques de 2008.