Plot.

"The Bourne Deception" picks up where "The Bourne Sanction" left off. Jason Bourne's nemesis, Arkadin, is still hot on his trail and the two continue their struggle, reversing roles of hunter and hunted. When Bourne is ambushed and badly wounded in Bali, he fakes his death and goes into hiding. Only his close friends, Moira Trevor and Freddie Willard are aware that he is alive. In safety, he takes on a new identity, and begins a mission to find out who tried to assassinate him. Jason begins to question who he really is, how much of him is tied up in the Bourne identity, and what he would become if that was suddenly taken away from him. Shortly after, an American passenger airliner is shot down over Egypt by an Iranian missile. This is where a global conspiracy is revealed. Bud Halliday is at the helm of manipulations by NSA assisted by a wet-work outfit known as Black River. DCI Veronica Hart was an ex-employee of Black River like Moira Trevor and is at loggerheads with the intentions of Bud Halliday. Moira Trevor has started her own company which is a direct competitor of Black River. A global investigative team, led by Soraya Moore, is assembled to get at the truth of the situation before it can escalate into an international scandal. The conspiracy is discovered by one of Moira's employees and he is subsequently killed with Moira being left in grave danger. The trail to his assassin leads Bourne to Seville. On the way there, he meets Tracy Atherton, who tells him that she is going to Seville to buy the 14th Black Painting. In Seville, Bourne is attacked in a bullfighting arena by a killer named The Torturer. Later on, search for the man who shot him intersects with the search for the people that brought down the airliner, leading Bourne into one of the most deadly and challenging situations he has ever encountered. With the threat of a new world war brewing, Bourne finds himself in a race against time to uncover the truth and find the person behind his assault, all the while stalked by his unknown nemesis.

The Bourne Deception is the title for the novel by Eric Van Lustbader and the seventh novel in the Jason Bourne series created by Robert Ludlum. It was released on June 9, 2009. It is Lustbader's fourth Bourne novel, following "The Bourne Sanction," which was published in 2008.

Le Mensonge dans la peau (sous-titre : "La Ruse de Bourne", titre original : "The Bourne Deception") est un roman d'Eric Van Lustbader paru en 2009. Il s'agit du septième volet de Jason Bourne après "La Mémoire dans la peau", "La Mort dans la peau" et "La Vengeance dans la peau" de Robert Ludlum, "La Peur dans la peau", "La Trahison dans la peau" et "Le Danger dans la peau" d'Eric Van Lustbader.


History.

Formation.

Basketball officials from 6 ASEAN nations gathered in Metro Manila on 1 September 2009 to officially launch the new league.In its inaugural season, there were six (6) participating teams from different nations in Southeast Asia:

League expansion.

On 22 September 2011, the Brunei Barracudas announced that they were bowing out of the third season of ABL after participating for 2 seasons. On 20 October 2011, the Saigon Sports Academy officially announced the participation of Saigon Heat into the third season of ABL, making them the first ever international professional basketball team to represent Vietnam.  In the same season, San Miguel Beermen and Bangkok Cobras joined the league along with Saigon Heat. Unfortunately, the Beermen left the ABL after winning the title in 2013. The Cobras also left the league after one season. Further, in 2014, Laskar Dreya South Sumatra (INA) joined and played for a season.  In 2015, Pilipinas MX3 Kings and Mono Vampire joined the league and both teams left in 2016. On 17 July 2016, Kaohsiung Truth from Kaohsiung, Taiwan announced that they will participate in the 2016–17 season. In the same year, the Eastern Basketball Club confirmed its participation in the league. The two teams were the first teams from outside Southeast Asia to compete in the league.  The Philippines returned in the league with Alab Pilipinas on 6 August 2016. In September 2017, ABL confirmed four new teams for the 2017–18 season: CLS Knights Indonesia, Formosa Dreamers, the returning Mono Vampire Basketball Club, and the Nanhai Kung Fu after the Kaoshiung Truth disbanded after the seventh season of ABL.  After the 2018 season, the Kung Fu moved to Macau and became the Macau Black Bears, while the league announced the addition of the Zhuhai Wolf Warriors, based in Zhuhai in the Pearl River delta. On 9 September 2019, the league confirmed the entry of the third team from Taiwan, Taipei Fubon Braves situated in Taipei after Formosa Dreamers and disbanded Kaohsiung Truth. Fubon Braves secured the best record in the Super Basketball League and capped it off with the SBL championship after sweeping the Finals series in four games. They are also one of the eight teams to compete in the 2019 FIBA Asia Champions Cup.

Champions.

The finals was a best-of-5 (2–2–1) series (2010, 2013, 2016–present), it became best-of-3 (1–1–1) series from 2011–12 and 2014.

Championship table by country.

This medal ranking is based on the country the club represents. The winning country bags the Gold, the runners-up gets the silver, while the semifinalists are awarded with a bronze.

Championship table by club.

This medal ranking is based on the club/team representation.

Individual awards.

ABL presents five (5) individual awards to players: the Local MVP, World Import MVP, ASEAN Heritage MVP, and the Defensive Player of the Year. The Coach of the Year award is given to the league's best head coach of the season.  Prior to the 2015–16 ABL season, there was only one (1) MVP award for imports and was called the Best Import award. It was divided into two for World Imports (for players hailing from outside Southeast Asia and to the ASEAN Heritage Imports (for players from other Southeast Asian countries or players with at least one Southeast Asian parent). Also, the Defensive Player of the Year and Coach of the Year awards were only awarded since the 2012 season.

The ASEAN Basketball League (ABL), is a professional men's basketball league in East and Southeast Asia which includes five teams from Southeast Asian nations, one team from Hong Kong, two teams from Macau, and two teams from Taiwan. The league was proposed in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and launched its inaugural season on 1 October 2009.

L’ASEAN Basketball League (ABL) est une ligue fermée de basket-ball professionnelle masculine en Asie du Sud-Est. Six clubs de six pays de l'association des nations de l'Asie du Sud-Est (ASEAN) prirent part à la saison inaugurale en.


Australia.

Commonwealth level.

In the Commonwealth of Australia, the "Parliamentary Privileges Act 1987" defines contempt of Parliament as:  Contempt decisions by the House of Representatives or the Senate are subject to review by federal courts. This follows after the Browne–Fitzpatrick privilege case, in which Morgan, Fitzpatrick and Frank Browne were denied legal representation, subsequently convicted, and served 90 days each in jail for publishing an allegedly defamatory article against a member of Parliament.  Punishments are limited under the Act to (for individuals) a fine of $5,000 and/or six months' imprisonment, or (for corporations) a fine of $25,000.  In the Senate, allegations of contempt are heard by the Privileges Committee, which decides whether or not contempt was committed, and if so, what punishment is to be imposed. In practice, there have been very few times when a hearing determined that anyone was in contempt, and on no occasions has anyone been punished beyond a warning, with an apology and/or other appropriate remedial action.

Canada.

Federal level.

The power to find a person in contempt of Parliament stemmed from Section 18 of the "Constitution Act, 1867" in which "The privileges, immunities, and powers to be held, enjoyed... shall not confer any privileges, immunities, or powers exceeding those at the passing of such Act held, enjoyed, and exercised by the Commons House of Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and by the members thereof."  Regarding the above-mentioned "privileges" there is an important difference between the "individual parliamentary privileges" and "collective parliamentary privileges". This difference is also important in any case of "breach of privilege" as it applies to parliamentary privilege in Canada.

Contempt citation cases for individuals.

Rarely has the Canadian federal parliament invoked its power to find an individual in contempt: There were "contempt citation" cases in 1913, 1976, 2003, 2008 and 2011.  The April 10, 2008 case involved Royal Canadian Mounted Police deputy commissioner Barbara George who was cited for contempt for deliberately misleading a parliamentary committee over an income trust scandal. She was ultimately found in contempt but was not punished further than the motion itself.  The March 2011 contempt citation case involved Conservative MP Bev Oda. While she was found to be "prima facie" in contempt by the Speaker, Oda was not formally held in contempt because Parliament was dissolved before a vote could be held on the matter.

Contempt citation cases for governments.

On March 9, 2011, Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada Peter Milliken made two contempt of Parliament rulings: The first found that a Conservative Party cabinet minister, Bev Oda, could possibly be in contempt of Parliament. The second ruling found the Cabinet could possibly be in contempt of Parliament for not meeting Opposition members' requests for details of proposed bills and their cost estimates, an issue which had "been dragging on since the fall of 2010". Milliken ruled that both matters must go to their responsible parliamentary committees and that the committee was required to report its findings to the Speaker by March 21, 2011 – one day before the proposal of the budget.  Concerning the Speaker's first ruling, on March 18, 2011, Opposition members of the committee (who outnumbered the government members) said they still judged Oda to be in contempt of Parliament, despite her testimony that day, but the committee process never proceeded far enough to make a finding as to whether Oda was in contempt.  Concerning the Speaker's second ruling, on March 21, 2011, the committee tabled a report that found the Government of Canada in contempt of Parliament. As such, a motion of no confidence was introduced in the House. On March 25, 2011, Members of Parliament voted on this motion, declaring a lack of confidence by a vote of 156 to 145 and forcing an election. The contempt finding is unique in Canadian history. In a wider context, it is the first time that any government in the 54-member Commonwealth of Nations, either Commonwealth Realm or parliamentary republic, has been found in contempt of Parliament.  Earlier that week, all three opposition parties had indicated that they would oppose the government's budget, with the NDP saying that the Conservatives' concessions did not go far enough, and the Bloc's earlier demands for $5 billion to their home province (including compensation for the 1998 ice storm and a new arena for the Quebec Nordiques) being rejected outright. Though the vote on the budget was never scheduled, a budget is a confidence matter in its own right, so Prime Minister Stephen Harper asked the Governor General to dissolve Parliament.  During the campaign the Conservatives portrayed the "Liberal motion of non-confidence over the contempt-of-Parliament finding" as mischief, instead of focusing on the economy and making constructive proposals for the budget. The Conservatives framed the election as a choice between a stable Conservative majority government or a Liberal coalition backed by the NDP and/or Bloc Québécois. The resulting election devastated two of the opposition parties who supported the contempt motion, with the Liberals losing more than half their seats to drop to third place in the Commons for the first time, while the Bloc Québécois was nearly wiped out, with both their leaders also personally losing their ridings. The Conservatives gained enough seats to form a majority government, while the New Democratic Party won a record number of seats to form the Official Opposition.

Province level.

At the provincial level, contempt operates in the legislative assemblies in much the same way that it does in the Senate or the House of Commons.  While Section 18 of the Constitution Act, 1867 only grants parliamentary privilege (and therefore contempt powers) to the Senate and the House of Commons, court cases have since clarified that the provinces do have parliamentary privileges. The Supreme Court of Canada, in "New Brunswick Broadcasting Co. v. Nova Scotia (Speaker of the House of Assembly)", ruled that parliamentary privilege in both the provincial and the federal context is an unwritten convention of the Canadian constitution.  More recent case law more clearly defined what parliamentary privileged means in the Canadian context, with the Supreme Court in "Canada (House of Commons) v. Vaid" defining parliamentary privilege in part as "the sum of the privileges, immunities and powers enjoyed by the Senate, the House of Commons and provincial legislative assemblies." With case law establishing that provincial legislatures maintain parliamentary privileges, the door is open for a provincial legislature to use contempt of parliament powers.  Most provinces have codified parliamentary privilege, at least in part, such as in British Columbia's "Legislative Assembly Privilege Act", or Manitoba's "The Legislative Assembly Act", both of which touch on the powers of the legislatures to find people in contempt. Quebec, the only civil law province in Canada, has maintained its "tradition of codification" and has fully set out the privileges of their legislature, The National Assembly, in Division 1 of Chapter 3 of "An Act Respecting the National Assembly," and maintains the "power to protect its proceedings against all interference."

Hong Kong.

Contempt of the Legislative Council is a criminal offence in Hong Kong.

United Kingdom.

Contempt of Parliament consists of interference with parliamentary privilege and of certain acts that obstruct the house and its members in their business.  The same rules as apply to the House of Commons apply to the House of Lords "mutatis mutandis" (i.e. with the necessary modifications).  In the United Kingdom, it has been alleged that arresting a member of Parliament in the course of carrying out his duties may constitute contempt of Parliament, although immunity from criminal arrest was removed by the Parliamentary Privilege Acts of the 18th century.  It is further contempt to bribe or attempt to bribe any member (and for any member to accept or solicit a bribe), to disrupt the sittings of the House or a committee—wherever it is sitting, to refuse to appear before a committee to testify, to refuse to answer any question put by a committee, to lie to a committee or to refuse to swear an oath (or make a solemn affirmation) when testifying, or to otherwise obstruct the business of the House.  MPs accused of contempt of Parliament may be suspended or expelled. They may also be committed to the clock tower of the Palace of Westminster, although this practice has not been used since Charles Bradlaugh was detained in 1880. Strangers (those who are not members of the House) may be committed to prison during the life of the Parliament. The House of Lords has the power to fine as well as to order imprisonment for a term of years.  On 4 December 2018, the UK Government was found in contempt of Parliament for the first time in history on a motion passed by MPs by 311 to 293 votes. The vote was triggered by the government failing to lay before Parliament any legal advice on the proposed withdrawal agreement on the terms of the UK's departure from the European Union, after a humble address for a return was unanimously agreed to by the House of Commons on 13 November. The government then agreed to publish the full legal advice for Brexit that was given to the Prime Minister by the Attorney General during negotiations with the European Union. However, this advice was never published in full.

In countries with a parliamentary system of government, contempt of Parliament is the offence of obstructing the legislature in the carrying out of its functions, or of hindering any legislator in the performance of their duties. The concept is common in countries with a parliamentary system in the Westminster model, or which are derived from or influenced by the Westminster model. The offence is known by various other names in jurisdictions in which the legislature is not called "Parliament", most notably contempt of Congress in the United States. Actions that may constitute contempt of Parliament include:

Dans le contexte d'un régime parlementaire, on qualifie d'outrage au parlement tout acte ou toute omission allant à l'encontre de l'autorité ou de la dignité du Parlement. La législation canadienne par exemple précise encore, concernant ce sujet:.


First generation (L020; 1978–1986).

The first generation model of Mitsubishi's compact pickup truck was first sold in Japan as the Mitsubishi Forte in 1978 and continued until late 1986, when the line was cancelled in the Japanese domestic market for five years. In Japan the Forte was originally sold with the 1.6-liter 4G32 engine (L021P). Later this was updated to the 1.6-liter G32B engine with two-wheel drive (LO25) or with four-wheel drive coupled to the 2.0-liter Sirius G63B with (L026). Offered in basic Deluxe trim, the larger-engined version was also available in leisure-oriented Custom trim. The Custom also has a smoother and less utilitarian bed, without provisions for fitting a canvas top and with fewer hardpoints for strapping down loads.  In export versions, the 2.0-liter gasoline version had, while a larger 2.6-liter unit offered. Also popular in many markets, was a 2.3-liter diesel engine. The 1.6-liter Saturn engine rounded out the lineup in many countries. A naked cab and chassis version was also available in some markets.  Mechanical features included recirculating ball steering and front disc brakes, rear-wheel drive, and front suspension with coil springs. Four-wheel drive (4WD) was added in 1981, featuring torsion bar suspension up front. The rear suspension for both comprised leaf springs with bias-mounted shock absorbers. The 4WD system incorporated an extra lever located alongside the main four-speed shifter. This provided three positions; 2WD in high-range, 4WD in high-range, and 4WD in low-range. In low-range, the vehicle travels at half road speed for any given engine rpm. The transfer case is chain-driven to the front wheels, making it lighter, quieter, and easier to shift than the more common gear type. As such, the driver can shift between 2WD and 4WD in high-range without using the clutch, with the activation of low-range requiring the vehicle to be stopped. A warning lamp would light when the 4WD was engaged.

Chrysler variants.

The Dodge Ram 50 (called the Dodge D-50 for 1979 and 1980) was a badge-engineered version sold by the Chrysler Corporation from 1979 on. The label lasted until 1994, through two generations of the truck. Plymouth also received a version of the truck known as the Plymouth Arrow truck, sold from 1979 to 1982. This was Chrysler's belated answer to the Ford Courier from Mazda and the Chevrolet LUV by Isuzu (both of which had been introduced in 1972). Mitsubishi itself imported it as the Mitsubishi Mighty Max when it began selling directly in the US from 1982, at which point the Plymouth ceased to be available. The Dodge version had quad rectangular headlights beginning with the 1983 facelift, while Mitsubishis and earlier Dodges had single units in North America. In the rest of the world, importers could choose between single or double rectangular units, as well as twin round headlights. The twin round units were the original fitment for the Japanese domestic market.  Four-wheel drive was added for 1982. This created the Power Ram 50 in the United States, as in Dodge's nomenclature the "Power Ram" name was used for four wheel drive models. A turbo diesel engine was available in US models between 1983 and 1985. The 1983 turbodiesel was fitted with a "TC05" non-wastegated turbo and produced and torque. The 1984–1985 turbodiesels were fitted with a TD04 wastegated turbo which resulted in and torque.  Chrysler Australia launched the first generation in April 1979 as the MA series Chrysler D-50. Initially, two pickup versions were sold, the Commercial with the 1.6-liter "Saturn" (4G32) engine and the higher specification Recreational with the 2.0-liter "Astron" (4G52) engine. Both Commercials and Recreationals received a floor-shifted 4-speed manual, with a taller axle ratio for the Recreational. Commercials were specified with heavy duty suspension rated for payloads; the Recreational version carries a load. The reason for the halved payload was due to the sedan-type suspension of softer springs and more supple shock absorbers. The Recreational model also featured radial ply tires, electronic ignition, bucket seats, pile carpet, radio, floor console, sports steering wheel and an adjustable steering column as standard. An optional sports stripe package was also available. Options included a weather-tight, fibreglass canopy with foam rubber mattress. This was manufactured by Challenge Industries and incorporated sliding side windows. Later in 1979, a cab chassis body variant of the Commercial was released. In March 1980, the D-50 was renamed Chrysler L200 Express to form linkage with the newly released L300 Express vans. In October 1980, the Chrysler labelling made way for Mitsubishi badges following the establishment of Mitsubishi Motors Australia from Chrysler Australia's old operations. In June 1981, Mitsubishi released 4WD versions of the pickup and cab chassis, both with the 2.0-liter motor. Free-wheeling hubs to reduce noise and fuel use in 2WD mode were optional. In late 1981, the 2.0-liter with five-speed manual was made optional for the 2WD one-tonne suspension models.

Second generation (K00/K10/K20/K30;1986–1996).

The second generation model was introduced in 1986 for most markets. In Australia, this model launched in October 1986 as the low-cost Triton. In Japan the pickups were not sold for a few years, making their return as the Strada in Japan in March 1991. A facelift took place for the 1993 model year, with a new grille and new plastic bumpers comprising most of the changes. It continued to be produced until 1996. Sales in the Japanese domestic market continued into the middle of 1997. The truck usually has a 2.5 litre diesel or an turbo diesel engine, with the turbo diesel being the only engine available in the Japanese home market. The Triton was not a spirited performer, with a four-wheel drive V6 model having a top speed of. The second generation Mitsubishi truck was also produced in Thailand. In the US it was known as the Mitsubishi Mighty Max or the Dodge Ram 50. Petrol engines include a carburetted 2.0 litre inline-four or a 2.6-litre ditto with. Four-wheel drive (non-LSD) was also available, as were different bed lengths and both extended and double cab options.  Starting out as a fairly utilitarian truck, more comfortable versions were gradually added in most markets. In New Zealand & Australia, a small, 3.0-litre, V6 engine with was added in early 1993. The V6 was not a well liked engine specification by consumers, as it did not tow as well or make as much torque as the diesel four-cylinder engine did, and used much more fuel than the four-cylinder.The 3.0L V6 6G72 equipped models also had a flaw in the design of the engine lifters- noisy lifters resulted in catastrophic engine failure over time. The locally developed L200 Sport range, more stylish and often featuring two-tone paint, was very popular in New Zealand where the L200 was offered with five different engines.

Dodge Ram 50.

The Ram 50 was redesigned for 1987, which was the same year Chrysler introduced the Ram 50's successor, the Dodge Dakota. Despite this, sales of the Ram 50 continued for another seven years until 1994, possibly because the Ram 50 was a compact and the Dakota was a mid-size. The difference in size and cost left a niche for the Dodge 50, and its cancellation may have been due more to a desire to show independence from Mitsubishi than because of any product overlap. The Mighty Max ended production after the 1996 model year, and its successor was not marketed in North America due to poor sales.

Third generation (K50/K60/K70; 1996–2006).

In 1996, a new generation model was introduced with 2.5-liter turbodiesel engines developing. Other engine options include two sixteen-valve fuel injected gasoline engines and a naturally aspirated diesel. The previous 2.6-liter unit was replaced with a new, considerably more powerful 2.4-liter engine with. The car participated in the Dakar Rally in 2005. Production ended in 2006. These were only built in Laem Chabang, Thailand, and were also exported to Japan between 1997 and 1999. In late 2001 the third generation pickup underwent a facelift with new headlights and other changes.  An SUV model developed from the Mitsubishi Triton, called the Mitsubishi Challenger was released to Japan in 1996. In overseas markets it was also badged Montero Sport, Pajero Sport, Shogun Sport, or Nativa. Challenger shares many components and some body panels (i.e. front doors) with the Strada pickup truck and utilises the second generation Mitsubishi Pajero wheelbase. The Challenger was also produced in Thailand as the Mitsubishi Strada G-Wagon. The Thai model, unlike the same vehicle manufactured elsewhere used the same front styling as the Strada pickup truck that it was based upon. It was retired from production in 2005, but the Challenger nameplate was resurrected for the second generation of the Mitsubishi Pajero Sport, launched in 2008 and which is also based on the following generation of the Mitsubishi Triton.

Fourth generation (KA/KB; 2005–2014).

The fourth generation Triton was released in 2005. Designed by Akinori Nakanishi, it is built exclusively by Mitsubishi's subsidiary in Thailand and is exported to 140 global markets. It is mostly known as L200 except for Japan and its subsidiary countries' markets. The car has a 2.5-liter turbodiesel engine developing. The base version, available in some markets such as the Dominican Republic, has a 2.5-liter normally aspirated diesel engine and the L200 off-road version called the Savana has 200 hp.  In Japan, the Triton was exclusively equipped with 3.5-litre petrol engine and 4-speed automatic transmission and was sold from 2006 to 2011 - the only pick-up truck in the market at that time (excluding kei trucks). Despite its success overseas, it was a critical failure in Japan as workmen and traders preferred vans and station wagons. As a result, in August 2011 the Triton was pulled out from Mitsubishi's Japanese lineup.

Fifth generation (KJ/KK/KL; 2015–present).

In 2014, Mitsubishi unveiled the all new L200 which went on sale in early 2015 (Asia Pacific) and late 2015 (Europe and the Caribbean). It is powered by a new 2.4-litre diesel engine. Since 2015, the current generation L200 shares the same underpinnings as the newly rebadged Fiat Fullback intended for the European and Middle East markets. Fiat Chrysler Automobiles currently has no plans to introduce the Fullback in the North American market due to the U.S. chicken tax as well as the introduction of the Jeep Gladiator, based on the fourth-generation Jeep Wrangler SUV. For the 2017 model year, Ram Trucks rebadged the Triton as the Ram 1200 for the Middle East market.  In addition, due to being plagued by the previous-generation Triton's critical failure in Japanese market (in contrast to its overseas success), in addition to having heavy excise duties for pickup trucks there, Mitsubishi Motors currently has no plans to bring the current Triton to their home market.

Malaysia.

The fifth generation Mitsubishi Triton was launched in Malaysia in May 2015 as the Mitsubishi Triton being fully imported from Thailand. It was available in five variants: Triton Quest (MT), Triton MT, Triton VGT MT, Triton VGT AT and Triton VGT Adventure (AT). The VGT models came with a 2.5L variable geometry turbo engine capable of producing 178 PS and 400 Nm. The Triton MT had a 2.5L commonrail turbo engine capable of producing 136 PS and 324 Nm and the Triton Quest had a 2.5L DOHC commonrail engine with 110 PS and 200 Nm. Two limited editions were made available including the: Triton Phantom Edition in January 2016 and the Triton Knight Edition in May 2016. Both were limited to 200 units each. In September 2016, alongside of the change of engine for the VGT models to a 2.4L MIVEC VGT turbodiesel engine capable of 181 PS and 430 Nm, the Triton VGT Adventure X was also launched as the new range topper. In April 2017, the Triton was updated. Changes included additional safety features for the VGT models, change in the steering wheel design and different colour choices. In September 2017, the Triton VGT AT GL was launched and was positioned in between the Triton MT and Trition VGT MT. In November 2017, the Triton VGT AT Premium was launched. In January 2018, the Triton Athlete was launched as the new range topper.  In January 2019, the facelifted fifth generation Triton was launched in Malaysia with five variants: VGT (MT and AT), VGT Premium (MT and AT), Adventure X (AT only). The 4x2 Quest model remained unchanged.

2019 facelift.

The Triton was refreshed for the 2019 model year at the 2018 Thailand International Motor Expo in Bangkok, Thailand. This update consists of new front fascia, which is inspired from the Pajero/Montero Sport, Eclipse Cross and Xpander, new teardrop taillight design treatment as the Pajero/Montero Sport, and slight changes in the interior for some variants. This model also received a rear air circulator located at the interior roof.

The Mitsubishi Triton is a compact pickup truck produced by Mitsubishi Motors. In Japan it was originally known as the Mitsubishi Forte and from 1991 as the Strada. In the United States Chrysler Corporation sold captive imports as the Dodge Ram 50 and Plymouth Arrow truck, and Mitsubishi marketed it as the Mitsubishi Mighty Max until 1996.

Le Mitsubishi L200 est un pick-up tout terrain, fabriqué par le constructeur automobile japonais Mitsubishi Motors. Moteur:2,5L -3.L turbo diesel.Le modèle 1986-1996 est connue sous le nom de K34T et Strada pour les modèles import japonais. Le modèle 1998-2006 est connue aussi sous le nom de K74T et Strada.Pour le mode!e double cabine.. transmission normal propulsion ou 4×4 enclenchable. Pour le modèle simple cabine..transmission propulsion uniquement. Pour les modèles K34T et K74T, le châssis, la motorisation, toutes les pièces mécaniques sont identiques. La grande modification a été au niveau carrosserie avec des formes plus arrondies, ainsi que la mise en place d'un turbo intercooler. Généralement, le L200 K74T a un mécanisme plus efficace et plus fluide que le modèle suivant (le Sportero) dans plusieurs pays.


Film career.

Early Life and film career.

Born in Turin, Emilio Ghione was the son of a minor painter, Celestino Ghione, and initially worked as a painter of miniatures.  Ghione secured work in Turin's growing film industry in 1908, initially as a set-hand and stuntman, performing dangerous stunts involving falling from horses. He began to play secondary roles in a variety of films, including the comedies of André Deed. Frustrated by the slow progress of his career, Ghione left Turin in 1911 to seek his fortune in Rome.

Rise to fame.

In Rome, Ghione quickly progressed to starring roles in films made by Cines and Celio-Film, such as "Il poverello di assisi" ("St Francis" on its British release). Ghione then starred in a series of films alongside Francesca Bertini and Alberto Collo, including "Histoire d'un Pierrot". Ghione directed his first film as actor-director, "Il Circolo Nero", in 1913. Ghione became known for his success in directing the demanding "divas" of the period, including Lina Cavalieri, Francesca Bertini and Hesperia. However, Ghione was not entirely able to resist their demands - Francesca Bertini allegedly ordered the destruction of all the prints of "Don Pietro Caruso" because she did not like the outfits she wore in the film.

Za La Mort and height of fame.

In 1914, Ghione created the first film featuring his character Za La Mort, "Nelly La Gigolette", which was a great success. Following this success and his move to Tiber film, Ghione created a sequel called "Za La Mort" (1915), which developed the character and introduced a companion, Za La Vie, played by Kally Sambucini. Ghione created a total of thirteen Za La Mort feature films and three serial films between 1914 and 1924, many of which were very successful commercially. The character of Za La Mort, a Parisian "apache", was unstable throughout the series. In some films, Za La Mort was a cruel-hearted, murderous, seductive criminal, while in others he was a romantic, faithful, underworld avenger, similar to Louis Feuillade's Judex. The Za La Mort series was mostly set in an imaginary Paris, with some episodes set in America and exotic tropical locations. Despite inconsistencies of plot and character and mostly negative critical reviews, Za La Morts exotic, exciting adventures captured the public imagination and Ghione became one of the most recognisable stars of the Italian silent cinema. During the production of the Za La Mort series, Ghione continued to star in and direct a variety of films, including melodramas, adventure films and a biopic of Italian patriot Guglielmo Oberdan.

Decline of film career and appearances in theatre.

In the period 1919-1924, Ghione directed and starred in films for most of the major Italian film companies (including Lombardo (now known as Titanus) and other minor film companies. Ghione's decadent lifestyle and expensive habits left him nearly penniless when the Italian film industry collapsed in 1922. In 1923, he left for Germany to make "Zalamort – Der Traum der Zalavie" with Fern Andra, but the film was a commercial failure, owing partially to the fact that it was extensively cut by the censors.  Eventually, Ghione's own lack of funds and the commercial failure of several projects meant that he was no longer able to get the investment necessary to make his own film projects. "Senza Padre" (1924) was his last film as screenwriter, director and actor, and Ghione abandoned his last film project as a director, "La Casa Errante", in 1927.  Ghione then acted in several of the 'all-star' productions of 1925-1926, which failed to revive the dying Italian film industry.  In 1926, Ghione launched a theatrical revue with Kally Sambucini and Alberto Collo and toured Italy performing sketches based on the Za La Mort films.

Career as an author.

In 1922, Ghione's first Za La Mort novel, "Le Maschere Bianche", was published in installments in the popular "Al Cinema" magazine.  Ghione's second novel, "Za La Mort", was published in 1928. The novel was largely based on the Za La Mort films, especially on "Zalamort – Der Traum der Zalavie", the plot of which had been made almost unintelligible by censorship cuts. Ghione's autobiography, "Memorie e Confessioni" also appeared in the monthly cinema magazine Cinemalia between March and December 1928.  During his time in Paris in 1929, Ghione wrote an essay on the history of Italian silent cinema "La Parabole du Cinéma Italien" ("The Parabola of Italian Cinema"). This essay was the first look at Italian silent cinema as a whole and was quoted extensively by the first film historians to deal with Italian silent cinema, such as Eugenio Palmieri. The essay was published in the French "L'Art Cinematographique" series in 1930 and in the Barcelona newspaper La Vanguardia in 1931.  In 1930, another Za La Mort novel was published called "L'Ombra di Za La Mort". The novel's central character is Ghione/Za La Mort, a mix of Ghione's decadent star persona and his favourite character, and tells of his adventures across the world and his encounters with beautiful women. The novel features extracts from Ghione's autobiography "Memorie e Confessioni" and minimises the character of Kally Sambucini/Za La Vie.

Personal life.

In 1911, Ghione married Clotilde Coletti and they had one son, Pierfrancesco Ghione, also known as Emilio Ghione Jr. The couple separated after 1913.  In 1915, Ghione started a relationship with Kally Sambucini, which lasted until his death.  Ghione led a famously decadent life, following the trends set by poet Gabriele D'Annunzio. Ghione spent a lot of money on restaurants, generous tips, clothes and antiques. Ghione was a fan of luxury automobiles made by Lancia and used them in his films.

Illness and death.

Emilio Ghione was hospitalised following tuberculosis in 1927. A public appeal was opened for Ghione, and the money was used to help his recovery and send him to Paris in search of work. During his stay in Paris in 1929, Ghione slept rough and his health deteriorated. He was hospitalised in Paris and Lina Cavalieri paid to send him back to Turin by train.  Emilio Ghione died on January 7, 1930 in Rome, in the presence of Kally Sambucini and his son, Pierfrancesco Ghione. His funeral was held at the Roman Basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri, and his remains interred in the Verano cemetery in Rome.

Emilio Luigi Carlo Giuseppe Maria Ghione (July 30, 1879 – January 7, 1930), known as Emilio Ghione, was an Italian silent film actor, director and screenwriter. Ghione was best known for writing, directing and starring in the Za La Mort series of adventure films, in which Ghione played a likeable French Apache and 'honest outlaw.' Ghione directed, wrote and acted in every genre of film, and directed some of the most famous stars of the time, including Francesca Bertini, Lina Cavalieri, Alberto Collo and Hesperia. After his final film role in 1926, Ghione briefly performed on a theatrical tour of Italy. Ghione wrote three novels based around his Za La Mort character, an autobiography, and an essay on Italian Silent Cinema, before his death from tuberculosis in 1930.

Emilio Ghione, né le à Turin et mort le à Rome, est un réalisateur, scénariste et acteur italien actif pendant la période du muet.


Classifications.

The World Health Organization (WHO) lists ego-dystonic sexual orientation in the ICD-10, as a disorder of sexual development and orientation. The WHO diagnosis covers when gender identity or sexual orientation is clear, yet a patient has another behavioural or psychological disorder which makes that patient want to change it. The diagnostic manual notes that a sexual orientation is not a disorder in itself.  Similarly, the American Psychological Association has officially opposed the category of ego-dystonic homosexuality since 1987. In 2007, a task force of the American Psychological Association undertook a thorough review of the existing research on the efficacy of reparative therapy for. Their report noted that there was very little methodologically sound research on sexual orientation change efforts (SOCEs) and that the "results of scientifically valid research indicate that it is unlikely that individuals will be able to reduce same-sex attractions or increase other-sex sexual attractions through SOCE." In addition, the task force found that "there are no methodologically sound studies of recent SOCE that would enable the task force to make a definitive statement about whether or not recent SOCE is safe or harmful and for whom." The diagnostic category of "ego-dystonic homosexuality" was removed from the American Psychiatric Association's DSM in 1987 (with the publication of the DSM-III-R). Sexual disorders are still present in the DSM under the category of "sexual disorder not otherwise specified". One of the disorders under this category is "persistent and marked distress about one’s sexual orientation”, which can be considered similar to what WHO describes as ego-dystonic sexual orientation. The Working Group looking at changes for the ICD-11 (due for implementation in 2018) reports that the classifications in section F66 are not clinically useful and recommends its deletion.  The Medical Council of India uses the WHO classification of ego-dystonic sexual orientation. The "Chinese Classification and Diagnostic Criteria of Mental Disorders" includes ego-dystonic homosexuality.

Diagnosis.

When the WHO removed the diagnosis of homosexuality as a mental disorder in ICD-10, it included the diagnosis of "ego-dystonic sexual orientation" under "Psychological and behavioural disorders associated with sexual development and orientation". The WHO's ICD-10 diagnoses ego-dystonic sexual orientation thus:  The gender identity or sexual preference (heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, or prepubertal) is not in doubt, but the individual wishes it were different because of associated psychological and behavioural disorders, and may seek treatment in order to change it. ()  The WHO notes that for codes under F66: "Sexual orientation by itself is not to be regarded as a disorder."  Patients are sometimes still diagnosed as having this problem. This is often a result of unfavorable and intolerant attitudes of the society or a conflict between sexual urges and religious belief systems.

Treatments.

There are many ways a person may go about receiving therapy for ego-dystonic sexual orientation associated with homosexuality. There is no known therapy for other types of ego-dystonic sexual orientations. Therapy can be aimed at changing sexual orientation, sexual behaviour, or helping a client become more comfortable with their sexual orientation and behaviours. Human rights groups have accused some countries of performing these treatments on egosyntonic homosexuals. Treatment may include sexual orientation change efforts or treatment to alleviate the stress. In addition, some people seek non-professional methods, such as religious counselling or attendance in an ex-gay group.

LGB affirming.

Gay affirmative psychotherapy helps LGB people to examine and accept their sexual orientation and related sexual relationships. Psychologists and the whole of mainstream medical professionals endorse that homosexuality and bisexuality are not indicative of mental illness. For many years, psychiatry viewed homosexuality as a mental illness; this began to change in 1973. Current guidelines instead encourage psychotherapists to assist patients in overcoming the stigma of homosexuality rather than try to change their sexual orientation.  Because some mental health professionals are unfamiliar with the social difficulties of the coming out process, particular to other factors such as age, race, ethnicity, or religious affiliation, they are encouraged by the APA to learn more about how gay, lesbian, and bisexual clients face discrimination in its various forms. Many gays and lesbians are rejected from their own families and form their own familial relationships and support systems that may also be unfamiliar to mental health professionals, who are encouraged to take into account the diversity of extended relationships in lieu of family. In gay affirmative psychotherapy, psychologists are encouraged to recognize how their attitudes and knowledge about homosexual and bisexual issues may be relevant to assessment and treatment and seek consultation or make appropriate referrals when indicated. Psychologists strive to understand the ways in which social stigmatization (i.e., prejudice, discrimination, and violence) poses risks to the mental health and well-being of homosexual and bisexual clients. Psychologists strive to understand how inaccurate or prejudicial views of homosexuality or bisexuality may affect the client's presentation in treatment and the therapeutic process.  For some clients, acting on same-sex attraction may not be a fulfilling solution as it may conflict with their religious beliefs; licensed mental health providers may approach such a situation by neither rejecting nor promoting celibacy. Douglas Haldeman has argued that for individuals who seek therapy because of frustration surrounding "seemingly irreconcilable internal differences" between "their sexual and religious selves... neither a gay-affirmative nor a conversion therapy approach [may be] indicated," and that "[just as] therapists in the religious world [should] refrain from pathologizing their LGB clients... so, too, should gay-affirmative practitioners refrain from overtly or subtly devaluing those who espouse conservative religious identities." Data suggest that clients generally judge therapists who do not respect religiously-based identity outcomes to be unhelpful.  One of the emerging areas of research regarding gay affirmative psychotherapy is related to the process of assisting LGBTQ individuals from religious backgrounds feel comfortable with their sexual and gender orientation. Narrative analyses of clinicians' reports regarding gay affirmative psychotherapy suggest that the majority of conflicts discussed within the therapeutic context by gay men and their relatives from religious backgrounds are related to the interaction between family, self, and religion. Clinicians report that gay men and their families struggle more frequently with the institution, community, and practices of religion rather than directly with God. Chana Etengoff and Colette Daiute report in the Journal of Homosexuality that clinicians most frequently address these tensions by emphasizing the mediational strategies of increasing self-awareness, seeking secular support (e.g., PFLAG), and increasing positive communication between family members.

LGB support groups.

LGB groups help counteract and buffer minority stress, marginalization, and isolation. They focus on helping a person with ego-dystonic sexual orientation accept their sexual orientation.

Sexual orientation change efforts.

A task force commissioned by the APA found that religious identity and how one outwardly identifies one's sexual orientation (see sexual orientation identity) can develop through life. Psychotherapy, support groups, and life events can influence how one identifies privately and publicly. Similarly, self-awareness, and self-conception may evolve during treatment. Some practitioners insist that improvement may be seen in emotional adjustment (self-stigma and shame reduction), and personal beliefs, values and norms (change of religious and moral belief, behaviour and motivation). However, such an approach to treatment is widely regarded as poorly-advised, risky and potentially damaging to the individual.  The American Psychological Association "encourages mental health professionals to avoid misrepresenting the efficacy of sexual orientation change efforts by promoting or promising change in sexual orientation when providing assistance to individuals distressed by their own or others’ sexual orientation and concludes that the benefits reported by participants in sexual orientation change efforts can be gained through approaches that do not attempt to change sexual orientation". The APA reviewed research into the efficacy of efforts to change sexual orientation, and concluded that there was insufficient evidence to show whether these were effective or not. Participants have reported both harm and benefit from such efforts, but no causal relationship has been determined between either the benefit or the harm. According to a recent APA study, participants who reported harm generally reported "anger, anxiety, confusion, depression, grief, guilt, hopelessness, deteriorated relationships with family, loss of social support, loss of faith, poor self-image, social isolation, intimacy difficulties, intrusive imagery, suicidal ideation, self-hatred, and sexual dysfunction. These reports of perceptions of harm are countered by accounts of perceptions of relief, happiness, improved relationships with God, and perceived improvement in mental health status".  No major mental health professional organization has sanctioned efforts to change sexual orientation and virtually all of them have adopted policy statements cautioning the profession and the public about treatments that purport to change sexual orientation.

Conversion therapy.

The APA has roundly dismissed so-called conversion therapy (sometimes called "ex-gay" therapy) as unproductive and potentially harmful.  One version of conversion therapy, Gender Wholeness Therapy was designed by an ex-gay Licensed Professional Counselor, David Matheson. "The emphasis in Mr. Matheson's counselling is on helping men—all his clients are male—develop 'gender wholeness' by addressing emotional issues and building healthy connections with other men. He says he believes that helps reduce homosexual desires. In 2019, Mr. Matheson announced that he intended to divorce his wife of 34 years, and live the remainder of his life as an openly gay man. https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/once-prominent-conversion-therapist-will-now-pursue-life-gay-man-n961766  Another variation of conversion therapy, "gender-affirmative therapy" has been described by A. Dean Byrd as follows: "The basic premise of gender-affirmative therapy is that social and emotional variables affect gender identity which, in turn, determines sexual orientation. The work of the therapist is to help people understand their gender development. Subsequently, such individuals are able to make choices that are consistent with their value system. The focus of therapy is to help clients fully develop their masculine or feminine identity".  Several organizations have started retreats led by coaches aimed at helping participants diminish same-sex desires. These retreats tend to use a variety of techniques. Journey into Manhood, put on by People Can Change, uses "a wide variety of large-group, small-group and individual exercises, from journaling to visualizations (or guided imagery) to group sharing and intensive emotional-release work." Weekends put on by Adventure in Manhood support "healthy bonding with men, through masculine activity, teamwork, and socialization." Though not specific to gay men, several gay men attended the New Warrior Training Adventure, a weekend put on by ManKind Project, which is a "process of initiation and self-examination that is designed to catalyse the development of a healthy and mature masculine self." Joe Dallas, a prominent ex-gay, leads a monthly five-day men's retreat on sexual purity titled, Every Man's Battle.  Several reparative therapies have been established, including:

Ex-gay organizations.

For some ex-gay groups, choosing not to act on one's same-sex desires counts as a success whereas conversion therapists tend to understand success in terms of reducing or eliminating those desires. For example, some ex-gays in mixed-orientation marriages acknowledge that their sexual attractions remain primarily homosexual, but seek to make their marriages work regardless. Ex-gay advocates sometimes compare adopting the label "ex-gay" to the coming out process. Some conservative Christian political and social lobbying groups such as Focus on the Family, the Family Research Council, and the American Family Association actively promote to their constituencies the accounts of change of both conversion therapies and ex-gay groups.  Some ex-gay organizations follow the tenets of a specific religion, while others try to encompass a more general spirituality. Although most ex-gay organizations were started by American evangelical Christians, there are now ex-gay organizations in other parts of the world and for Catholics, Mormons, Jews and Muslims. According to Douglas Haldeman, "This modality is thought to be one of the most common for individuals seeking to change their sexual orientation." Ex-gay ministries typically are staffed by volunteer counselors, unlike reorientation counselling, which is conducted by licensed clinicians.  Ex-gay groups use several different techniques. Love in Action hosts workshops on "child development, gender roles, and personal sexuality," one-on-one Biblical guidance, "a structured environment help[ing] establish new routines and healthy patterns of behaviour", "challenging written assignments and interactive projects," "family involvement to improve communication... and to facilitate marital reconciliation," and "hiking, camping, canoeing, and rafting." Exodus International considers reparative therapy to be a useful tool, but not a necessary one. Evergreen International did not advocate or discourage particular therapies and states that "therapy will likely not be a cure in the sense of erasing all homosexual feelings."

Criticism.

Robert L. Spitzer reported in 2003 that individuals who reported experiencing a change in sexual orientation had felt depressed or even suicidal prior to treatment "precisely because they had previously thought there was no hope for them, and they had been told by many mental health professionals that there was no hope for them, they had to just learn to live with their homosexual feelings." Spitzer's study, however, is widely considered disreputable in the therapeutic and mental-health community. The American Psychiatric Association enumerated many flaws in Spitzer's methods and analysis, and an American Psychological Association task force likewise scrutinized Spitzer's work and found it seriously flawed. A member of the association sponsoring the journal "Archives of Sexual Behavior" resigned in protest of Spitzer's paper being published therein. The degree to which Spitzer's claims were treated as authoritative by news media has been examined and found problematic. Ultimately, Spitzer himself came to realize that his study had serious flaws, and rescinded the claims that he had made.

Exploratory therapy.

The APA has specifically advised against sexual orientation change efforts and encourages practitioners to aid those who seek sexual orientation change by utilizing affirmative multiculturally competent therapy that recognizes the negative impact of social stigma on sexual minorities and balances ethical principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence, justice, and respect for people's rights and dignity. If a client wants to change his sexual orientation, the therapist should help the client come to their own decisions by evaluating the reasons behind the patient's goals.

Relationship to religion.

The terms "egodystonic" and "egosyntonic" are used within the Roman Catholic Church in that, according to gay-rights advocate Bernard Lynch, priests who are gay but egodystonic, that is "hate their homosexuality", are acceptable, whereas egosyntonic candidates for the priesthood, those who accept their own sexuality, cannot be considered.  Some churches publish specific instructions to clergy on how to minister to gay and lesbian people. These include "Ministry to Persons with a Homosexual Inclination", produced by the Catholic Church, and "God Loveth His Children", produced by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. In 1994, a church in the Presbyterian Church (USA) held a conference entitled “The Path to Freedom: Exploring healing for the Homosexual.” The APA encourages religious leaders to recognize that it is outside their role to adjudicate empirical scientific issues in psychology.  Mental health practitioners can incorporate religion into therapy by "integrating aspects of the psychology of religion into their work, including by obtaining a thorough assessment of clients’ spiritual and religious beliefs, religious identity and motivations, and spiritual functioning; improving positive religious coping; and exploring the intersection of religious and sexual orientation identities." Researchers have found that for some clients who have 'identity conflicts' these can be reduced by reading religious texts that increase self-authority and allow them to reduce their focus on negative messages about homosexuality. Researchers also found that such clients made further progress if they came to believe that regardless of their sexual orientation, their God still loves and accepts them.  Some gay and lesbian people choose LGBT-affirming religious groups, change churches to those that affirm LGBT people, or simply leave religion.

Ego-dystonic sexual orientation is an ego-dystonic mental disorder characterized by having a sexual orientation or an attraction that is at odds with one's idealized self-image, causing anxiety and a desire to change one's orientation or become more comfortable with one's sexual orientation. It describes not innate sexual orientation itself, but a conflict between the sexual orientation one wishes to have and the sexual orientation one actually possesses.

L’orientation sexuelle égodystonique est une affection caractérisée par une perception de l'orientation sexuelle ou par l'expérience d'une attirance étrange qui ne correspondent pas à l'image de soi idéalisée, causant une anxiété et un désir pour l'individu de changer ou modifier sa préférence sexuelle.


Personal life.

Hill is a graduate of the National Theatre School of Canada, Trinity College, Toronto and University of Oxford.  In his spare time, Hill is a keen amateur boxer and leads groups of recreational and competitive fighters to train in Havana, Cuba. On March 31, 2012, Hill won a charity boxing match that was part of the historic Trudeau-Brazeau night – as part of Fight for the Cure in support the Ottawa Regional Cancer Foundation.

Career.

Hill acted in minor roles at the Shaw Festival and other Canadian theatres, then in India on the "Doordshan" television series "‘Bhaarat ek Khoj’". Because of his experiences in a Calcutta street clinic he gradually drifted away from theatre, becoming one of the founding volunteers of the Canadian chapter of "Doctors without Borders" (MSF) and then moved into journalism. Hill worked for the "Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC)" first as an investigative journalist at the flagship program "The Fifth Estate" then as an anchor for "Newsworld International". His programs and articles have also appeared in "The New York Times", the "Toronto Star", and the BBC Radio World Service, "The Guardian" and the "Sunday Telegraph" (London), as well as various news media outlets including CNN, "Le Monde", "Der Spiegel", "The Sydney Morning Herald", Al Jazeera, "The Times", "Il Manifesto", "Corriere della Sera" (Milan): "El Pais" (Madrid) "Politiken" (Copenhagen)  Before publishing "The Fix," Hill completed documentaries on the widespread murders of Filipino journalists, the killing of the head of the Canadian mafia, blood feuds in Kosovo, ethnic cleansing in Iraq, pagan religions in Bolivia and honour killings in Turkey.  He has also given presentations about sports corruption to a number of organizations including the International Olympic Committee (IOC), committees at the European Parliament in Brussels and the UK Parliament in Westminster, the Council of Europe, the Dutch Football Association (KNVB) and the Australian and New Zealand Sports Lawyers Association. Hill is also the winner of the 2007 Canadian Association of Journalists Award for best investigative radio documentary and is an Amnesty International Canada 2003 Media Award Winner. The Play The Game Award winner for an individual who best exemplifies the qualities of sport and an honorary award from the Greek Sports Journalist Association for his role in revealing sports corruption.

Public dispute.

In September 2013, following the arrest of match-fixers in Singapore, Hill was interviewed on BBC Radio World Service where he claimed the Singapore Police Force to have offered protection to the accused from prosecution. This was strongly disputed by the Singapore government as baseless and challenged him to come forth with any evidence to substantiate his claims. In response to Hill's claims, Ronald Noble, Secretary General of Interpol said that ""Those who do not recognise the commitment and resources that Singapore has devoted to identifying those believed to be responsible for match-fixing cases, or those who seek publicity -- simply to criticise every positive development that occurs in fighting match-fixing should simply open their eyes and look at the facts."" Hill responded to these accusations by saying that if they had not been providing tacit protection for the nest of home-grown fixers in their midst, then the Singaporean police must be one of the most inept law-enforcement agencies in the world. For over two years, they had ignored two international arrest warrants - strangely both were from Ron Noble's Interpol (who subsequently opened a regional headquarters in Singapore) and the well-publicized criminal trial of a Singaporean match-fixer in Finland.

Declan Hill is a journalist, academic and consultant. He is one of the world’s foremost experts on match-fixing and corruption in international sports. In 2008, Hill, as a Chevening Scholar, obtained his doctorate in Sociology at the University of Oxford. Currently, he is a senior research fellow in anti-corruption in sports at the University of Würzburg and a professor at the University of New Haven. His book "‘The Fix: Organized Crime and Soccer’" has appeared in twenty-one languages. Hill was the first person to show the new danger to international sport posed by the globalization of the gambling market and match-fixing at the highest levels of professional football (soccer) including the Champions League and FIFA World Cup tournaments. Part of the book details his involvement with an Asian match-fixing gang as they travelled around the world to fix major football matches. Hill has also published a number of academic articles, is a reviewer for "Global Integrity" and has probed the impact of the Russian mafia on professional ice hockey. In 2011, he pioneered the first on-line anti-match-fixing education course for Sport Accord that was eventually used by Interpol. In 2013, his second book 'The Insider's Guide to Match-Fixing' was published and immediately translated to Japanese. It is a popular version of his doctoral thesis and was dubbed by its English-language publisher as 'Freakonomics meets Sports Corruption'

Declan Hill est journaliste, universitaire et consultant. Il est l'un des plus grands experts mondiaux sur les matchs truqués et la corruption dans le sport international. En 2008, Hill, en tant que boursier Chevening, a obtenu son doctorat en sociologie à l'Université d'Oxford. Son livre «The Fix: crime organisé et football ("Organized Crime and Soccer")» a été traduit en quinze langues. Il souligne les dangers posés par la mondialisation du marché du jeu des sports internationaux, y compris les éventuels matches truqués au plus haut niveau du football professionnel (soccer). Hill a également publié un certain nombre d'articles universitaires, est un critique de Global Integrity et a vérifié l'impact de la mafia russe sur le hockey sur glace professionnel.


Stadium history.

Stevens Stadium opened its gates for the first time on September 22, 1962 when it hosted a football game between UC Davis and Santa Clara. The stadium was originally named for Lawrence T. "Buck" Shaw, a former football coach of the SCU Broncos. The playing surface still retains his name to the present day being named the Buck Shaw Field. It was used for football games until 1992 and baseball games until 2005.  In 2005, Stevens Stadium was converted from a multipurpose facility to a soccer-only facility when the dugouts, baseball infield, and baseball backstop were permanently removed from the stadium.  Stevens Stadium is the current location of the commencement ceremonies for the university. It was first used for the undergraduate commencement on Saturday, June 9, 2001.

San Jose Earthquakes.

On October 26, 2007, the San Jose Earthquakes of Major League Soccer announced that they would play a majority of their home games during the 2008 season at the stadium. Upgrades such as additional seating and bathrooms were added to the stadium in order for it to comply with MLS standards and funded by the Earthquakes organization over the last part 2008. The capacity was increased from 6,800 seats to 10,300 seats. In addition, the field was moved closer to the existing grandstand, with a small section removed from section 107 to accommodate the shift. The Santa Clara practice field between the Leavey Center and Stevens was replaced with an "Italgrass" artificial turf surface.  Drainage improvements were also made to the stadium's field in concert with the field crown being removed to produce a flat pitch. A new video scoreboard was added along with additional concession and merchandising stands. General facilities were also modernized or improved including the addition of new lighting, a TV press box, new sound system, and an additional grandstand on the stadium's west side. The new grandstand included all of the seating additions made to the stadium. About half of the new grandstand included tip up seating. Overall, the enhancements cost around $4 million.  After the Earthquakes departed for their new Avaya Stadium, the university undertook an improvement project that removed the original east side press box from the stadium as well as the Earthquakes temporary bleachers on the west side of the stadium. In their place a new smaller permanent west side grandstand, press box and entry plaza were installed. Capacity of the stadium was reduced back to 7,000 permanent seats as a result.

Other sports events.

Soccer.

In summer of 1981 the stadium was the main venue for the World Games 1981.  During the 1994 FIFA World Cup, the stadium was the official practice field of the Brazil soccer team. The Brazilians won the World Cup that year. It also played host to the Romanian national team for their practice prior to that year's quarterfinal match.  Stevens Stadium holds the current record for highest attendance at a women's outdoor collegiate sporting event. In 1996 the NCAA Women's College Cup (Division I soccer finals) was played at Buck Shaw, which had its capacity temporarily expanded to 8,800 seats and sold out both days of the tournament.  In 2009, the stadium also hosted FC Gold Pride, one of the seven charter teams of Women's Professional Soccer. However, Gold Pride moved to Pioneer Stadium in Hayward for the 2010 season.

Rugby.

The stadium has also hosted several international rugby matches. In 2006, Buck Shaw hosted three pool matches in the Churchill Cup rugby union competition, becoming the first U.S. venue to host matches in that tournament (all matches in the 2003–2005 editions had been in Canada). In May 2009 the stadium again hosted an international rugby match, with 10,000 fans turning out to watch the game between the United States and Ireland.

Stevens Stadium is a 7,000-seat soccer stadium at Santa Clara University in Santa Clara, California. The stadium is the current home of the Santa Clara Broncos soccer teams and was the former home of the now defunct Santa Clara football team as well as the Santa Clara baseball team. The baseball team moved to their new home at Stephen Schott Stadium in 2005. The stadium is the former home of the San Jose Earthquakes of Major League Soccer. The stadium's capacity was increased in the winter of 2007 from a capacity of 6,800 to 10,300. The stadium was named Buck Shaw Stadium before a renovation in 2015.

Le Buck Shaw Stadium est le nom du stade de soccer de 10.300 places situé à Santa Clara en Californie. Il accueille actuellement les matchs de l'équipe universitaire de soccer des depuis son ouverture ainsi que les matchs de MLS des San José Earthquakes entre 2008 et 2014.


Geography.

Isluga lies in the commune of Colchane, Iquique Province of the Tarapaca Region, Chile. The volcano is part of the Volcán Isluga National Park, which was created in 1985. The volcano can be accessed through the International Route 55.  Isluga is part of the Andean Volcanic Belt, the volcanic zone on the western side of South America where the Nazca plate is subducted beneath the South American plate. Isluga is part of the segment named the Central Volcanic Zone. In the Tarapaca region other volcanoes have been active in the Holocene, such as Guallatiri, Parinacota and Taapaca.  There are several volcanic units in the Isluga area. A pre-Isluga unit containing Cabay volcano, northeastern Carcanchuni and southern Cerro Blanco are not stratigraphically controlled. The Enquelga unit is the first Isluga unit proper. Further, Isluga and Tata Sabaya and some other volcanoes form a lineament which may coincide with the suture between the Chilenia terrane and the Arequipa-Antofalla block.  Being about high over its base, Isluga has five craters, a main crater wide at the end of snowcovered summit ridge and underwent caldera collapse. The volcano itself is constructed from lava domes and flows on top of Miocene ignimbrites. Several stages of eruptive activity are recognized, some of them exposed through erosion. A northwestern debris avalanche has been found on Isluga, on top of which the recent volcano is constructed. The fumarolically active crater region has been buried with surge deposits from phreatomagmatic activity, and the northern ridge is covered by Holocene lavas. A glaciated dacitic lava flow is dated 0.096±0.006 Ma by K-Ar analysis. North of Isluga lies the dissected Quimsachatas volcano, which has been dated at 0.566±0.017 Ma. Both the summit crater and the area below the crater on the southern flank are faintly fumarolically active, with yellow sulfur deposits observed. The fumaroles appear to produce water vapour.

Eruptive activity.

Isluga erupted in February 1878 following the 1878 Tarapaca earthquake. Voluminous lava emissions destroyed the towns of Carima, Cariquima, Chiapa, Libiza and Sotoca, and the eruption was accompanied with strong earthquake activity in Cariquima. Other eruptions have been reported in August 1863, a major eruption in 1868 and August 1869, 1877 and 1878 and minor eruptions in 1863 and 1885.  Isluga last erupted in 1913, but ongoing volcanic earthquake activity has been observed. The volcano hosts some of the Andes' largest thermal anomalies in satellite images and increased fumarolic activity in 2002–2003 was reported. Some earthquake activity may be associated with neighbouring hydrothermal fields. A phreatic eruption was observed in 2005; whether it was related to the 2005 Tarapacá earthquake half a year earlier is unclear.

Petrology.

Isluga's lavas are andesitic to trachyandesitic in composition with SiO contents between 56-61%. The andesites are porphyritic with more than half phenocrysts and high potassium content (2.7-3.6%), moderate aluminium and high magnesium, although some hornblendes have high Na/K ratios. The petrology of the Isluga lineament lavas indicates an origin either in 3-5% partial melting of the mantle, or by a 15% partial melting of a granite-containing mantle with subsequent fractionation of mafic components.

Climate.

The climate of the region varies by altitude; between lies a borderline desert area with temperatures ranging from below to, with most precipitation () falling in summer. A similar climate lies on the eastern part of the mountains between, with precipitation. Above lies a region of steppe vegetation with temperatures of and about precipitation also during summer, and above lies perennial snow.

Mythology and archeology.

Also named Laram Qhawani, the volcano dominating the village of Enquelca is a sacred mountain, responsible for health, wealth and rain. It is considered a female spirit married to Cabarray. While no archeological remains have been found on its summit, a triangular stone structure resembles the patterns drawn when making offerings to spirits. One of the ends of the triangular structure points to Cerro Cariquima, another sacred mountain. Another archeological place was found at ca. 5,200 m (17,056') on the southern ridge, probably serving as protection against wind and with a niche in the walls that probably served ritual purposes.

Threats.

Threats from future eruptions of Isluga consist primarily in the contamination of aquifers and destruction of agricultural areas by ash falls, both limiting factors in the desertic environment surrounding the volcano. Additionally, the cultural value of the region would be endangered, also given the relative lack of documentation thereof.

Isluga () is a stratovolcano located in Colchane, west of the Chile-Bolivia border and at the west end of a group of volcanoes lined up in an east-west direction, which also includes the volcanoes Cabaray and Tata Sabaya. Isluga has an elongated summit area and lies within the borders of Volcán Isluga National Park in Chile's Tarapacá Region.

L'Isluga est un volcan du Chili situé à sept kilomètres à l'ouest de la frontière avec la Bolivie. Il se présente sous la forme d'un stratovolcan culminant à environ d'altitude. Juste à l'ouest de son sommet se trouve un cratère de de diamètre. Sa dernière éruption s'est produite en 1913 bien qu'une autre se serait produite en 1960.


General Information.

The name Southside derives from the English "south side" and refers to Southern Germany where the festival takes place. Festival organizers are FKP Scorpio and KOKO & DTK Entertainment. The festival site consists of 800,000 square meters of former military and airport precincts and features four stages. The festival first took place on the former military airport of Neubiberg (Munich) with approximately 15,000 visitors. In 2002, the number of visitors had risen to 30,000 and kept rising up to 60,000 at present day. The revenue for one festival weekend, according to the organizers, amounts to between five and ten million euros. The paramedic service is provided by the Malteser Hilfsdienst, the Johanniter-Unfall-Hilfe (regional association Bodensee-Oberschwaben) and the German Red Cross. Throughout the entire weekend, around 400 helpers do approximately 12,000 hours of work. Crowd surfing is strictly against the festival’s safety policy.

History.

The Southside festival first took place in 1999 as a counterpart to Hurricane festival. In 2000, it was moved to Neuhausen ob Eck. Recurring musical acts included:

2007 (storm incident).

On the Thursday evening preceding the start of the festival, a storm demolished the tent stage and hurled large and heavy poles through the air. One such pole went through the roof of a paramedic van parked near the stage, killing one occupant and seriously injuring the other. The tent stage acts had to be canceled as a consequence. Festival organizers considered canceling the festival, but decided against it on advice of police, local authorities and even the paramedics team. The two main stages also suffered damage but were sufficiently repaired in time.

2008.

In 2008, the festival took place from June 20 to June 22. It sold out at around 50,000 tickets and registered a new visitor record. The number of visitors and the hot weather led to a water shortage on Sunday at 11 am.  Musical acts on all three stages consisted of:  In addition, the quarterfinals of the UEFA Euro 2008 were broadcast on the big screen.

2009.

In 2009, the Southside Festival took place from June 19 to June 21. After increasing the capacity to 55,000 visitors, the festival was not sold out with 50,000 visitors. The headliners were Die Ärzte, Kings of Leon and Faith No More.

2010.

The Southside Festival 2010, which took place from June 18 to June 20, was sold out with 50,000 visitors. According to the organizer, it would have been possible to sell 100,000 tickets – two times more visitors than the terrain could hold.[19] For the first time a fourth stage, called "White Stage", got introduced. This tent complemented the main stage ("Green Stage"), the side stage ("Blue Stage") and the second tent („Red Stage). In the late afternoon, Electro music was played in this tent. The motto of the second, new tent was "Electric Circus". Headliner of the 2010 festival were Billy Talent, The Strokes, Massive Attack, Mando Diao, The Prodigy, Deichkind and Beatsteaks. With a big screen, the organizer made a broadcast of the FIFA World Cup possible. Due to continuous rain the entire camping and festival terrain turned into mud. In the night of the 17th to the 18th June, an event of heavy rain (precipitation: 80 l/m2) required an array of workers, iron sheets, over 500m2 of wood chips and several semi-trailers of hay, as well as heavy technical equipment to make both entries to the festival terrain passable again.  In addition, the period reached cold temperatures below 10 degrees Celsius. For this reason, the community opened the Homburghalle, and many residents provided private accommodation and showers. On the day of departure, many vehicles got stuck in the mud and had to be salvaged by farmers with their tractors. Furthermore, the Bundesstraße 311 was so slippery from the mud, which the cars brought from the meadow to the roadway, that it had to be cleaned again and again with special machines. A total of 1800 employees were employed on the grounds during the festival, including 420 paramedics and doctors, around 400 security guards and stewards, as well as stage technicians and other helpers. At the end of the events, 450 mobile toilets had to be emptied and 80,000 rubbish sacks had to be disposed of. The amount of rubbish was immense due to the weather in 2010. Since the festival visitors had left more rubbish behind this year than usual, but it sank into the mud and became solid again, some areas had to be ploughed or dug up, levelled, filled up and reseeded. The festival's visitors had to be able to use the waste for the first time in their lives.

2011.

Neuhausen ob Eck was the venue of the Southside Festival for the twelfth time from 17 to 19 June 2011. Two days before the line-up began, the festival was sold out with more than 50,000 visitors. For the festival 81 artists were engaged: Also in 2011, there were four stages - two open-air stages and two tent stages. On the fourth stage, called the white stage, which was usually reserved for electric acts, there were additional shows consisting out of acrobatics underlined with electronic music. Newly introduced measurements to protect the environment were, "Green Camping", CO2 reduction due to new ways of arriving at the festival and avoidance of creating paper waste. The manager of the estate park outlined at the Southside festival in 2011, that it would be the last one for the time being. Reason for that was the weather. The previous 3 years have been rainy which resulted in the ground being completely sodden, so there was a possibility of the festival not being held for the next 2 to 3 years so the ground could regenerate. The consequences of the mud in 2010, were that the grass only could spear sparsely which is why the soil was then even more in danger. The wood chips which were spread out in front of all the stages also massively acidifies the soil. Als Vorkehrung gegen eine Verschlammung wurden an vielen Stellen Plastikmatten ausgelegt. As a measurement against siltation, some places of the festival area were carpeted with plastic mats.[31] As the festival 2011 was still going on the promoter already announced on June 19, that even though they have been having mud problems in the years of 2010 and 2011 there is again going to be a festival in "Neuhausen ob Eck" in 2012, no matter the weather. For this purpose a five-year contract was closed.

2012.

Long before the festival two headliners for the festival in 2012 were confirmed: blinks-182, which were already supposed to perform in 2011 and Die Ärtzte who already ready performed on the southside festival in the years of 2002, 2005 and 2009. Due to the siltation problem, six digit-figure sums of money were invested into the preparation of the ground. A lot of the lawns were supposed to be gravelled.

2013.

The Southside Festival 2013 took place from the 21 to 23 June. It was sold out, totalling 60 000 visitors.

2014.

The Southside Festival 2014 started on Friday 20 June and ended on Sunday the 22nd.

2015.

The Southside Festival 2015 took place from the 19 to 21 June. Line-Up:

2016.

The Southside Festival 2016 should have taken place from the 24 to 26 June. Due to severe thunderstorms after the first concerts in the early Friday evening, the festival had to be postponed. Later on, it had to be cancelled completely so that none of the headliners were able to play. Only 18 of 88 bands that were booked were able to perform. The concerts of Tom Odell, Elliphant and Flogging Molly had to be ended prematurely. 82 people were slightly injured. 25 of them were brought to the hospital in Tuttlingen while 57 could be treated on-site.

2017.

The festival took place from the 23 to 25 June 2017. Because of technical difficulties affecting the Green Stage, the concert of Green Day had to be paused and finally cancelled after two hours.

2018.

The Southside Festival 2018 started on 22 June and ended on the 24th.

2019.

The festival is going to take place from the 21 to 23 June 2019. As a 'Support Act' for the visitors there is going to be a 'Festival-Store' of a discounter with 2000m2 of sales area. The shopping trolleys are equipped with off-road wheels to facilitate the transport of the goods on the festival site. Additional special features will be a walk-in fridge, 12 baking stations and 16 cash desks. The 200 employees were chosen from a range of 400 applicants from 6 regional companies. They will take care of the 260 articles in the store in three shifts everyday.

Past lineups.

2000s.

2001  2002  2003  2004  2005 2006  2007  2008 2009

2010s.

2010  2011  2012  2013

The Southside Festival (simply known as Southside) is an annual music festival that takes place near Tuttlingen, Germany, usually every June. The festival as well as its artists and audiences are generally associated within the alternative part of popular music.

Le Southside Festival est un festival de musique, majoritairement rock, qui se déroule sur le terrain d'une ancienne base militaire près de Tuttlingen, en Allemagne (Bade-Wurtemberg), au mois de juin depuis 1999. Depuis l'édition 2005, il est sponsorisé par VIVA, chaîne de télévision allemande appartenant au groupe Viacom. Le festival dure trois jours et a lieu en même temps que le Hurricane Festival, dans le nord de l'Allemagne, avec qui il partage généralement une grande partie de sa programmation.


Biography.

Eugenio Gaddini, born in Cerignola (Apulia, Italy), received a philosophic and literary education and earned his M.D. in 1942 from the University of Rome. From 1951, he was analyzed by Emilio Servadio () and in 1956 he gave up his position as head physician in Roma hospital to devote himself to psychoanalysis.  Admitted in 1953 to the Italian Psychoanalytic Society, he became President in 1978 and editor of Rivista di Psicoanalisi (the Italian Review of Psychoanalysis). He held a teaching position at the Rome Psychoanalytic Center and founded the Florence Psychoanalytic Center. He was a member of the International Psychoanalytical Association.  He died in Rome in 1985.

Ideas.

They were based on the premise that the mind is not strictly localized in the brain but extended through the body.  Influenced both by Freudian psychoanalysis and Donald Winnicott techniques, he provided an innovative theory of early mental states, postulating the existence of a "fundamental mental organization" which serves as the basis for the formation of the self.  From his work on rumination syndrome, or merycism, he developed the concept of imitation, a form of mental functioning tied to the "protopsychic" perception that precedes thought and that lasts a lifetime. He saw the imitation as a permanent structure and not just a precursor of the processes of identification and projection. The contribution of Gaddini was to highlight how the imitation not only represents one moment in a process that leads to the thought formation, but also a stable relational form.  In 1969, he participated in a conference on parapsychology organized by Arthur Bleksley at Saint-Paul de Vence in France. The conference dealt with creativity and its possible links to parapsychology. Other participants included Kenneth Burke, Jerre Mangione, the Italian-American author, Emilio Servadio, the Italian-Indian psychoanalyst and parapsychologist and W. Grey Walter, the neurophysiologist and robotician.  Gaddini's writings have been translated into English in 1992.

Eugenio Gaddini (18 January 1916 - 27 September 1985) was an Italian physician and psychoanalyst. He was one of the most important psychoanalysts in Italy and occupied a prominent place in the international psychoanalytic movement. He was interested in psyche birth and its progress beginning with lived experience. He is best known for his ideas on the rumination syndrome, or merycism. He wrote several books and papers including "A psychoanalytic theory of infantile experience" and then he was killed brutally by Angelo Pisano and his fellow Enrico Bruschi.

Eugenio Gaddini est un médecin et psychanalyste italien né le à Cerignola et mort à Rome le. Il a été analysé par Emilio Servadio. Il est devenu membre de la Société psychanalytique italienne en 1953 puis formateur et a occupé le poste de président de la société (1978-1982). Il a été actif dans la rédaction de la "Rivista di Psicoanalisi".


History.

Abbyville was a station on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. The community was named for Abby McLean, the first baby born there, its previous name was Nonpariel.  The first post office in Abbyville was established in 1886 after it was moved from Salt Creek (an extinct town).

Geography.

Abbyville is located at (37.970619, -98.203764). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of, all of it land.

Climate.

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Abbyville has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

Demographics.

2010 census.

As of the census of 2010, there were 87 people, 42 households, and 29 families residing in the city. The population density was. There were 47 housing units at an average density of. The racial makeup of the city was 96.6% White, 1.1% Native American, and 2.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.1% of the population.  There were 42 households of which 28.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.9% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.0% were non-families. 28.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.07 and the average family size was 2.52.  The median age in the city was 53.5 years. 19.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 12.6% were from 25 to 44; 40.2% were from 45 to 64, and 23% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 54.0% male and 46.0% female.

2000 census.

As of the census of 2000, there were 128 people, 47 households, and 36 families residing in the city. The population density was 689.4 people per square mile (260.1/km2). There were 51 housing units at an average density of 274.7 per square mile (103.6/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 97.66% White, and 2.34% from two or more races.  There were 47 households out of which 42.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.2% were married couples living together, 4.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.4% were non-families. 19.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 4.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.17.  In the city, the population was spread out with 30.5% under the age of 18, 3.9% from 18 to 24, 32.0% from 25 to 44, 21.1% from 45 to 64, and 12.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.8 males.  The median income for a household in the city was $43,750, and the median income for a family was $45,625. Males had a median income of $29,000 versus $26,667 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,080. There were 4.9% of families and 5.6% of the population living below the poverty line, including 7.9% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.

Events.

Rodeo.

Abbyville hosts the annual Abbyville Frontier Days PRCA Rodeo and BBQ the third weekend of May. Current events of the rodeo include barrel racing, mutton bustin', bull riding, calf roping, steer wrestling, and other special events. It is now a PRCA sanctioned event.  Clifford "Pinky" Busick was the creator of this rodeo, starting with a loan of $10 from his father. The first rodeo was a celebration of the Kansas Centennial, and it was held on July 15, 1961. The events at this initial celebration included a bonnet contest, beard contest, antique display, horse show, carnival, and bean dinner. "Oklahoma!" was performed in the evening as the main entertainment. The event was such a great success for Abbyville that Pinky worked to continue the rodeo as an annual event.  The second rodeo was held on the third weekend of May in 1963, and it has continued yearly ever since. Locals, both from Abbyville and from nearby towns, ran every aspect of the rodeo and took great pride in it. Many traditions of the early rodeos still continue today, including a Saturday morning parade, ham and chicken noodle lunch, and a BBQ dinner with fresh pie for dessert. In addition, two 5- or 6-year-old children have crowned "Miss Little Britches" and "Uncle Sam" in the parade.  Despite Abbyville being such a small town, the rodeo has continued to this day, and it has kept Abbyville on the map. Hollerado filmed their official music video for their single "Good Day at the Races" at the Abbyville rodeo grounds.

Education.

Abbyville is served by Fairfield USD 310 school district. Abbyville High School was the Lions.

Abbyville is a city in Reno County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 87.

Abbyville est une petite ville du Kansas, au centre des États-Unis. Elle se trouve dans le comté de Reno. En 2010, sa population était de habitants.


Slot canyons around the world.

Slot canyons are found in many parts of the world, predominantly in areas with low rainfall. Some of the best-known slot canyons are to be found in the Southwestern United States. Other significant areas include the Sierra de Guara in northern Spain, the Pyrenees on the border of France and Spain, and the Blue Mountains in New South Wales, Australia.

Australia.

The largest known area of slot canyons in Australia is in the Blue Mountains, west of Sydney. They occur in a narrow band of sandstone that runs roughly from east to west, and about from south to north. The majority of these canyons are in the Wollemi Wilderness, and are difficult to access. A small number are regularly visited by canyoners on weekends in summer. The Grand Canyon, near Blackheath, has a tourist track along its rim, but requires abseiling (rappelling) or swimming to visit fully.  Sandstone slot canyons can also be found in a few more remote parts of Australia, including Karijini National Park and the Bungle Bungles in Purnululu National Park, both in Western Australia, and Carnarvon Gorge in Queensland.

United States.

Southern Utah has the densest population of slot canyons in the world with over one thousand slot canyons in the desert lands south of Interstate 70. Utah's slot canyons are found in Zion National Park at "The Narrows", along Canyonlands National Park's "Joint Trail", throughout Capitol Reef National Park, within the San Rafael Swell and the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, especially along the Escalante River drainage including Coyote Gulch. Many more slot canyons are located on public Bureau of Land Management and state-owned lands in southern Utah, in areas surrounding the aforementioned parks and monuments. Buckskin Gulch—one of the longest slot canyons in the world—begins in southern Utah and continues into northern Arizona within the Paria Canyon-Vermilion Cliffs Wilderness. Northern Arizona also has a high concentration of slot canyons including Antelope Canyon and Secret Canyon, which are two of the most famous slot canyons located near Page on land owned by the Navajo Nation. Slot canyons are also located in the valley between U.S. Route 89 and the Vermilion Cliffs in Arizona, and can be seen as one descends into the valley on U.S. 89, but these are on the Navajo reservation and are closed to the public. The Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks National Monument's slot canyon trail in New Mexico is unique as it was carved into tuff (volcanic ash). In California, several slot canyons are located within Death Valley National Park.

Drowning danger.

Local as well as distant storms can cause dangerous flash flooding in slot canyons, and hikers should not enter them if there is any sign of rain in the surrounding area. In many slot canyons, it can be miles before a safe exit or rescue is possible.  On August 12, 1997, eleven tourists, including seven from France, one from the United Kingdom, one from Sweden and two from the United States, were killed in Lower Antelope Canyon by a flash flood. Very little rain fell at the site that day, but an earlier thunderstorm had dumped a large amount of water into the canyon basin, seven miles upstream. The lone survivor of the flood was tour guide Francisco "Poncho" Quintana, who had prior swift-water training. At the time, the ladder system consisted of amateur-built wood ladders that were swept away by the flash flood. Today, ladder systems have been bolted in place, and deployable cargo nets are installed at the top of the canyon. A NOAA Weather Radio from the National Weather Service and an alarm horn are stationed at the fee booth.

A slot canyon is a long, narrow, deep and tortuous channel or drainageway with sheer rock walls that are typically eroded into either sandstone or other sedimentary rock. A slot canyon has depth-to-width ratios that typically exceed 10:1 over most of its length and can approach 100:1. The term is especially used in the semiarid western United States, including the Colorado Plateau region. Slot canyons are subject to flash flooding and commonly contain unique ecological communities that are distinct from the adjacent, drier uplands. Some slot canyons can measure less than across at the top but drop more than to the floor of the canyon.

Un canyon en fente ("" en anglais) est un canyon étroit formée du ruissellement de l'eau à travers la roche. Un canyon en fente est beaucoup plus profond que large. Certains d'entre eux font moins d'un mètre de large pour une profondeur de 30 mètres.