Biography and career.

Yurii Belov was born July 31, 1930 in Rzhev (now - Tver Oblast). He spent his childhood in the Kuril Islands, as Yuri's father was a military man, and the last place of his service became the Far East.  He graduated from the VGIK (acting course of Boris Bibikov and Olga Pyzhova) in 1955. One year later he became famous for his role as Grisha in the film "Carnival Night".  For the next seven years films were released with the actor one after another which consolidated his success among the audience and made Yuri Belov one of the most popular actors of the Soviet cinema. Some of the most popular films with him include "The Girl Without an Address", "Spring on Zarechnaya Street", "The Unamenables", "Queen of the Gas Station". In the last two films he played opposite Nadezhda Rumyantseva. Later he was an actor of National Film Actors' Theatre.  In the mid-1960s the actor was committed in a psychiatric hospital for six months, after which his career went downhill, he started to receive only episodic roles.  In the National Film Actors' Theatre he played Miloslavsky in the play "Ivan Vasilievich" written by Mikhail Bulgakov, which was one of his last notable roles in theatre. Subsequently, Belov left the National Film Actors' Theatre.  Belov played his last major role in the film "Train Stop — Two Minutes" (1972).  Because of his lack of demand as an actor, Belov worked as a driver on his car Moskvitch 402. He began to abuse alcohol, his health deteriorated with each passing year. In his latest film, "Two and One" (1988) Belov appeared in another minor role and was already seriously ill.  Yuri Belov died in the morning of December 31, 1991. He is buried at Kuntsevo Cemetery in Moscow, cemetery plot number 10.

Personal life.

At the age of 40 Yuri Belov married actress Svetlana Shvaiko. In 1976 they had a son Svyatoslav.

Awards.

Yuri Belov was winner of the All-Union Film Festival for his role in "The Unamenables" in the year 1960.

Yuri Andreevich Belov (; 31 July 1930 – 31 December 1991) was a Soviet film and theater actor. One of the most popular actors of the Soviet cinema 1950-1960's.

Youri Andreïevitch Belov (en ), né le à Rjev (Union soviétique) et mort le, à Moscou (Russie), est un acteur soviétique.


History.

Construction.

In 2011, Korean firm, Hanwha Engineering and Construction won the contract to manage the construction of the Philippine Arena. Hanwha outbested bids from Filipino firm, EEI Corporation an done in August 17, 2011. Hanwha announced that it had completed the construction of the indoor arena on May 30, 2014. The venue was not formally inaugurated until almost two months later.

Inauguration.

The Philippine Arena, along with Ciudad de Victoria was officially inaugurated on July 21, 2014. Then-Philippine President Benigno Aquino III and Iglesia ni Cristo Executive Minister Eduardo Manalo unveiled the marker of Ciudad de Victoria.

Building details.

Concept.

The initial design concept of the Philippine arena is inspired by the narra tree, the mother tree of the Philippines, and the root of the banyan tree. The roof was inspired by that of a Nipa Hut.

Architecture.

Populous, a global mega-architecture firm, designed the arena through their office in Brisbane, Australia. The official website of the sports facility describe's the structure's architectural style as Modernist.The arena has been master planned to enable at least 50,000 people to gather inside the building and a further 50,000 to gather at a ‘live site’ or plaza outside to share in major events. The seating bowl of the arena is a one-sided bowl and is partitioned into two parts, the upper and the lower bowl each with approximately 25,000 seating capacity. The lower bowl is the most used part of the building and the architectural design allows for easy separation of the lower bowl from the upper tier, by curtaining with acoustic and thermal properties. A retractable seating of 2,000 people capacity is also installed behind the stage which is used by the choir of the Iglesia ni Cristo for events of the church.  The seating layout of the arena is different from that of a standard arena where the stage is at the middle and is surrounded by seats. The seating of the arena closely resembles that of a Greek amphitheater, built in a semi-circle with the seats at the sides and front of the arena stage. The seatings are divided into three sections. Each of the sections are colored green, white and red: the colors of the Iglesia Ni Cristo flag.  The arena has 4 floors or levels. Level 1 is the stage level, Level 2 is the main access level open to the general viewing public, Level 3 is the VIP area which also houses conference rooms with views facing the main plaza outside the indoor arena building and Level 4 is the upper concourse.  Furthermore, contractor Hanwha hired their own architecture firm, Haeanh Architects for the project.

Structure.

Built on square meters of land, the arena has a dome over. The roof spans some and contains 9,000 tons of steel work. The roof was made as a separate unit to reduce burden on the arena with extra load. The arena is in height, or about fifteen stories high and founded on pile construction. About a third of the dead load of the building was designed for earthquake loads. The building was also divided into multiple structures to strengthen the arena's earthquake resistance.

Landscape.

PWP Landscape Architecture, the firm who landscaped the National September 11 Memorial & Museum, designed the landscape for the arena and the whole complex of Ciudad de Victoria. For the arena, a series of outdoor plazas, gardens and performance venues form the setting for the development including: The North and South Arrival Plazas, The Promontory Plaza, The Great Stairs, and Ciudad de Victoria Plaza that are all related to each other with two cross axes (N-S and E-W) that intersect at the Promontory Plaza. Two fountains that can shoot waters up to are also installed in front of the arena.

Uses.

The arena holds not only major church gatherings of the Iglesia ni Cristo, but also operates as a multi-use sports and concert venue, capable of holding a range of events from boxing and basketball to live music performances, but no association football or field events due to its limited size. There is clear "line of sight" for every seat from each tier, even for various arena configurations such as church ceremonies, boxing, tennis, concerts or indoor gymnastics. The Iglesia ni Cristo allows non-Iglesia tenants to use the arena. The church reserves the right to disallow activities which it sees violate its religious principles, which include gambling-related events and cockfighting.

In popular media.

The Philippine Arena was featured in a documentary called "Man Made Marvels: Quake Proof". It aired on December 25, 2013 at Discovery Channel and also focused on making structures in the Philippines more safe from natural disasters in general such as earthquake and typhoons.

Reception.

On July 27, 2014, Guinness World Records recognized the arena as the largest mixed-use indoor theater.

The Philippine Arena is the world's largest indoor arena. It is a multipurpose indoor arena with a maximum seating capacity of 55,000 at Ciudad de Victoria, a 140-hectare tourism enterprise zone in Bocaue and Santa Maria, Bulacan, Philippines about 30 kilometers north of Manila. It is one of the centerpieces of the many centennial projects of the Iglesia Ni Cristo (INC) for their centennial celebration on July 27, 2014. The legal owner of the arena is the INC's educational institution, New Era University.

La Philippine Arena, est une salle omnisports située dans le quartier d'affaires de Ciudad de Victoria, entre Bocaue et Sainte-Marie de Bulacain, dans la province de Bulacain, aux Philippines et située à 20 km au nord de Manille.


History.

The present-day Panjab University traces its roots to the University of the Punjab established on 14 October 1882 at Lahore (now in Punjab, Pakistan). Most of the colleges affiliated to University of the Punjab were in the present Indian part of British India.  After the partition of India in 1947, the university was split into two for Indian Punjab and Pakistani Punjab. A new university was then established/relocated in the Punjab, India in 1947. To distinguish the two, the name of the university on the Indian side, the spelling for 'Punjab' was changed to Panjab. After 1947 the university had no campus of its own for nearly a decade. The administrative office was in Solan and the teaching departments functioned from Hoshiarpur, Jalandhar, Delhi, and Amritsar.  In 1956 the university was relocated to Chandigarh, on a red sandstone campus designed by Pierre Jeanneret under the guidance of Le Corbusier. Until the re-organisation of Punjab in 1966, the university had its regional centres at Rohtak, Shimla, Jalandhar and its affiliated colleges were in the states of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and U.T. of Chandigarh. With the re-organisation of Punjab, the university became an Inter-State Body Corporate catering to the newly organised state of Punjab and union-territory of Chandigarh.

Campus.

The University's chequerboard layout, devised by Swiss French Architect Pierre Jeanneret, was a role model for campus design in India.  The main campus at Chandigarh is spread over 550 acres in sectors 14 and 25, the teaching area is in the north-east, with the Central Library, Fine Arts Museum, and three-winged structure of the Gandhi Bhawan forming its core; the sports complex, the health centre, student centre and the shopping centre in the middle; 16 university hostel and residential area in the south-east, stretching into the adjacent sector 25 which also houses the University Institute of Engineering and Technology and Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of dental Sciences and Hospital, UIAMS, Institute of Biological sciences etc.  The campus has amenities like a State bank of India branch, Post and Sampark, public transport system, open-air theatre, guest and faculty houses, seminar complexes, staff club, several spacious lawns, botanical and medicinal herbs gardens, a newly laid rose garden, a school and a day-care centre for the employees' children. The campus is adjacent to a medical institution known as the Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research.

Halls of residence.

There are eighteen hostels on the campus including eight hostels for men and eleven women hostels including a Working Women Hostel. A Sports Hostel has been built for visiting sports teams. Two more hostels are under construction, one each for boys and girls. There is one International hostel also. All the NRI/Foreign national girls students are accommodated there.  All the hostels have Wi-Fi internet and multiple messes for students. In addition to this,all the hostels have a common room and a visitor room. There are also shopping centres and ATMs for students and faculty on campus. The Dean, Student Welfare and the Dean Student Welfare (Women) look after the functioning of the university hostels, the conduct of election to the student bodies, planning and organising of cultural and extra-curricular activities on the Campus. They disburse cultural scholarships and financial assistance to campus students.

Health services.

The University Health Centre offers consultancy, clinical and emergency services. There are five full-time doctors, including one medical specialist, one surgical specialist and one dental specialist. Part-time consultants include a gynaecologist, a paediatrician, a radiologist, an eye specialist, an Ayurvedic doctor and two general physicians. They are supported by a large paramedical staff.  Beside regular consultancy, medicines and emergency attention, employees and students have access to facilities like the clinical tests, ECG, X-Ray, ultrasonic treatment, diathermy and Yoga. The centre runs a Family Welfare Clinic with facilities of family planning, vaccination and immunisation of children (DPT, Polio and BCG). From time to time the Health Centre launches health awareness drives through lectures, film shows and workshops.

Sports.

The University has playgrounds, a gymnasium and a swimming pool for its sports activities. The Directorate of Sports organises about 70 Inter-College and four to five Inter-University Competitions every year. The Directorate of Sports participates in 62 games both for men and women in the Inter-University Competitions and arranges training camps in these games under the supervision of expert coaches. The University was awarded Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (MAKA) trophy for the year 2004–2005.

Gandhi Bhawan.

The Gandhi Bhawan is a major landmark of the city of Chandigarh. Designed by the architect Pierre Jeanneret, a cousin of Le Corbusier, it is an auditorium hall that sits in the middle of a pond of water. Today it also houses a collection of books on Gandhi.

The Student Centre.

The Student Centre, popularly known as StuC, is a major landmark of the city of Chandigarh and hub for student activities. It was inaugurated in 1975. It houses the office of the university students' council. There used to be a cafeteria called Indian Coffee House with a panoramic view on the top floor of the centre but now it has shut down its operations. Besides this various events and plays are performed in the Student Centre.

Museums.

The university has four museums, and the Department of Indian theatre has its own theatre lab. The university has a botanical garden and a garden of medicinal plants on the campus.

The Museum of Fine Arts.

The Museum of Fine Arts houses the early works of almost all of the major artists of modern India. The collection was created through the initiative of the art historian B. N. Goswamy. Originally, the building was supposed to house the collection of archaeological artefacts that had been discovered by the Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology. Today the museum of AIHC&A is housed in a modern annexe adjacent to the Fine Arts Museum.

Key Officers, faculties, departments and centres.

The day-to-day functioning of the University is headed by Vice Chancellor Raj Kumar. The office of Dean of University Instruction (DUI) is the academic head of Panjab University and its Regional Centres. 78 departments, 15 centres/chairs on the campus and six Constituent Colleges located at Sikhwala (Sri Muktsar Sahib), Balachaur (SBS Nagar), Nihalsingh Wala (Moga), Dharamkot (Moga), Mokham Khan Wala (Ferozepur) and Guru Harsahai (Ferozepur) and one rural regional centre. Three regional centres are grouped under the faculties of Arts, Science, Languages, Law, Education, Design and Fine Arts, Business Management and Commerce, Engineering and Technology, Hotel Management and Tourism, Medical Sciences, and Pharmaceutical Sciences. There are also departments of Evening Studies and Distance Learning. Most departments have their own libraries. The Faculty of Languages also has courses in foreign languages. The Department of Chinese and Tibetan languages runs 7 courses. One in Buddhist Studies and three each in Tibetan and Chin. beside providing research guidance in Buddhist Studies.

Constituent Colleges.

khalsa college Chandigarh

Library.

The Central Library is named after its late Vice-Chancellor of the University, Prof. A.C. Joshi. It is located near the student centre. It was designed by Swiss architect Pierre Jeanneret.The foundation stone of the Library was laid in 1958 by Dr. S. Radhakrishnan, the then Vice-President of India, and it was formally inaugurated in 1963 by the then Prime Minister of India Jawaharlal Nehru. With a collection of 6,70,000 titles, it is one the largest library in North India.

ICSSR.

The Indian Council of Social Science Research has set up its North-Western Regional Centre on the campus. The centre runs a library, a seminar complex and a guest house for visiting scholars under its study-grants programme.

Institute of Social Science Education and Research.

Institute of Social Science Education and Research (commonly known as ISSER or PU-ISSER) is a liberal arts institution and a constituent department of the Panjab University. The Institute offers a five-year integrated, honour-school Masters of Arts degree in the Social Sciences.

Faculties.

Faculty of Engineering and Technology.

University Institute of Engineering and Technology (UIET).

University Institute of Engineering and Technology (UIET) is an on campus engineering institute. It offers undergraduate Bachelor of Engineering (BE), postgraduate Master of Technology (MTech) and doctoral courses.

Chandigarh College of Engineering and Technology (CCET).

Chandigarh College of Engineering and Technology (CCET) is a prestigious engineering & technology institute of Panjab University. It offers undergraduate (BE) and doctoral (Ph.D) courses. Chandigarh College of Engineering and Technology (CCET) is under the administrative control of the Chandigarh Administration. Chandigarh College of Engineering and Technology, Chandigarh(CCET), formerly known as Central Polytechnic Chandigarh (CPC), was established in 1959 (which offered Diploma Courses in Engineering).

University Institute for Chemical Engineering and Technology (UICET).

Originally called the department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, UICET came out of a demand to make the sciences of direct use to society. The department was disrupted during the partition of India when most of the faculty and students chose to come to India. For a few years it was housed in Delhi. Then in 1958, it shifted to its present premises in Chandigarh. In collaboration with Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago. Professor R. E. Peck from IIT Chicago joined as the first Head. Over the years the department evolved into the University Institute for Chemical Engineering and Technology. In 1983, an Energy Research Institute was added within the UICET building to promote R&D in the field of renewable energy.  UICET is one of the regional centres of the Indian Institute of Chemical Engineers. 2008 was the Golden Jubilee year of the institute. As part of the celebrations, the institute hosted CHEMCON-2008, the 61st annual session of the Indian Institute of Chemical Engineers, which also included a joint US-India Conference on Energy.

Swami Sarvanand Giri Regional Centre.

PUSSGRC is an integral part of Panjab University acting as Regional Centre located at Hoshiarpur, started in 2006.

Faculty of Law.

The university has two departments for teaching law. The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) has ranked Faculty of Law, Panjab University 15 in the National Law Rankings 2020.  The department conducts a separate admission test, for both the courses, on the pattern of the Union Public Service Commission.  The institute offers B.A. LL.B (Hons.) and B.Com. LL.B (Hons.) five-years integrated courses, and has three hundred and sixty seats. This institute has been a partner institute for Surana & Surana National Trial Advocacy Moot Court Competition.

Faculty of Business Management and Commerce.

University Institute of Applied Management Sciences (UIAMS).

University Institute of Applied Management Sciences was started in 2008 by the Faculty of Business Management & Commerce, PU, Chandigarh. It is housed in "Panjab University-South Campus", Sector 25. UIAMS offers MBA course in industry ready sectoral areas and streams with specialization in functional areas like Marketing, Finance, Human Resources and Operations. MBA at UIAMS Chandigarh is a two-year course. Students are given training offers with stipend by various leading companies during the course. UIAMS graduates tend to benefit from good job placements in major companies.

University Business School (UBS).

The University Business School imparts management education to develop managers, researchers and teachers. The Department of Commerce and Business Management was renamed University Business School (UBS) in 1995. UBS offers various courses such as Master of Commerce (Honours), Master of Business Administration (General),Master of Business Administration (in Entrepreneurship), Master of Business Administration (in Human Resource, International Business and Executive).

University Institute of Hotel and Tourism Management (UIHTM).

An institute of the Panjab University, offers education, training, research and consultancy in the field of hospitality, tourism, travel and allied sectors. This institute was established in the year 2009 under the faculty of Business Management and Commerce.

Culture.

"Cyanide" the annual festival of DCET/UICET, was one of the first student festivals started in Chandigarh and has a long tradition. The festival is often host to star performers, DJ nights and other events. Tatva is the student magazine of DCET/UICET. There is an annual debate competition called the Polemic. Aavishkar was the technical fest of UIET until 2013. At present,Goonj is the techno-cultural fest and Umang is the annual sports fest of UIET. Both the events are marked by a lot of enthusiasm and are also two of the most awaited events in India, especially for undergraduate students of engineering and technology.  Panjab University is active on social media websites such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram.

Student council.

The office of the Panjab University Campus Students Council (PUCSC) is located in the student centre. The student centre is the hub of students' activities – academic, cultural, social and political – besides being a favourite eating and hanging out zone for students. The Students' Council consists of the departmental representatives and other office bearers i.e. President, Vice-President, Secretary and Joint-Secretary directly elected by the students from the various teaching departments on the campus. The Dean Student Welfare is "ex officio" Chairman of the Council.  The Students' Council organises youth festivals, both national and international, academic debates, literary and cultural events and educational tours, besides looking after the interests of the students in general. In 2015, in a referendum by University, students voted for vehicle free campus in academic areas.

Research facilities.

The university has been recognised by the UGC as the "University with Potential for Excellence in Bio-Medical Sciences" with facilities for Stem Cell Research and Drug Development.  The university is one of six centres in the country for super-computing facilities to serve the north-western region in Technology Information Forecasting and Assessment Council (TIFAC), DST. The government of India has identified the university as a Special Centre. The university provides internet connection for more than 1800 terminals for the use of faculty members and students. All the buildings of the University including hostels are connected through ATM and Gigabit technology.  The university has a DST supported Regional Sophisticated Instrumentation Centre along with a Central Instrumentation Laboratory (CIL) and a University Science Instrumentation Centre (USIC) to serve the scientific community on the campus and in the region. The Centre for Industry Institute Partnership Programme (CIIPP) promotes the academic-industry interface.

Energy Research Centre.

The Energy Research Centre was established in 1983 at Panjab University to promote R&D and Extension activities in Renewable Energy. The Energy Research Centre is the only R&D centre in the country designated as a Nodal Agency for the implementation of the programmes of MNES.  The centre has been designated as a regional test centre for testing solar thermal equipment by MNES. The Bureau of Indian Standard has approved the centre for testing wood-burning stoves. The centre has provided consultancy to countries in the Asia-Pacific region such as the Maldives, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Kiribati and Tuvalu, in the area of renewable energy sources, energy management and environmental protection. The centre has helped the states of Haryana, Panjab and Himachal Pradesh in solving problems associated with energy planning, management and environmental protection.  The centre has done work on solar thermal energy storage, solar detoxification, biomethanation of agricultural/industrial/forest wastes, biomass combustion and gasification, indoor air quality, energy and environmental conservation and management, and hydrodynamics of polymeric solutions. The Energy Research Centre has professional contacts with universities such as the University of Florida, the University of Cincinnati, SRI International USA, and Lakehead University in Canada. The centre has helped the states of Haryana, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh, U.T. Chandigarh, J&K State, and the North-Eastern states in solving problems associated with energy planning and management and Environmental protection.

LHC project.

The university has participated in the project called International Collaboration for Research for Elementary Particles and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) CERN, Geneva CMS Experiment with a Government of India grant of Rs. 24.9 million.

Ranking.

Internationally, Panjab University was ranked 801–1000 in the QS World University Rankings of 2018. The same rankings ranked it 301–350 in Asia and 201-250 among BRICS nations. It was ranked 601–800 in the world by the Times World University Rankings of 2020, 149 in Asia and 166 among Emerging Economies University Rankings in 2020.  In India, the Atal Ranking of Institutions on Innovation Achievements by the Ministry of Human Resource Development has ranked Panjab University 9 overall in 2019. The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) has ranked Panjab University 3 overall in 2018, 20 among universities, 59 in the engineering ranking, 42 in the management ranking and second in India in the pharmacy ranking.

Panjab University is a public university located in Chandigarh, India. Originated in 1882 as the University of the Punjab Lahore, it was relocated in Chandigarh in the year 1947 as the East Punjab University after the partition of India, where the university was split between India and Pakistan.

Luniversité du Panjab (, ) est une université publique indienne située à Chandigarh. L'université a été créée en 1882 à Lahore dans le Raj britannique. En 1947, au moment de la partition entre l'Inde et le Pakistan, l'université a été scindée en deux. Afin de distinguer les deux, l'université indienne a changé son nom d' en.


Elizabeth McCord (personnage de série TV)

Biography.

Born in Virginia, Elizabeth attended Houghton Hall Boarding School, where she was co-captain of the debate team alongside Bahrainian Crown Prince Yousif Obaid (Aasif Mandvi). She attended the University of Virginia, studying mathematics, and one of her professors was future Chief Justice of the United States Frawley (Morgan Freeman). It was also where she met her future husband.  In 1990, Elizabeth married Henry McCord (Tim Daly). They have two daughters, Stephanie "Stevie" (Wallis Currie-Wood) and Alison (Kathrine Herzer), and a son, Jason (Evan Roe). She also has a brother, Dr. Will Adams (Eric Stoltz), who is married to Sophie Adams, and with whom he has a 5-year-old daughter, Annie; both of her parents died when she was young, in a car accident. She speaks fluent French, German, Arabic, Persian and "a year of high school Spanish".

Career.

Elizabeth worked for the CIA as an analyst for 20 years until she resigned from her position due to an ethical dilemma, just as she was being considered for promotion to Station Chief, Baghdad. She then taught at the University of Virginia as a Political Science Professor. After the death of Vincent Marsh (Brian Stokes Mitchell) in a plane crash, President Conrad Dalton (Keith Carradine) (her former mentor at the CIA) asked her to serve as secretary of state. Not a natural politician, Elizabeth frequently clashes with White House Chief of Staff Russell Jackson (Željko Ivanek).  As secretary of state, her first year in office was spent investigating her predecessor's death.  In "Tamerlane", Elizabeth is in the home of Iranian Foreign Minister Zahed Javani (Usman Ally) when a coup d'état orchestrated by Secretary of State Marsh, CIA Director Andrew Munsey, and CIA analyst Juliet Humphrey, is attempted; during the attack, both Minister Javani and her personal bodyguard, DS Agent Fred Cole, were killed. In the aftermath, Elizabeth was left with some post-traumatic stress and has been seeing Russell Jackson's personal therapist.  In "The Show Must Go On", during a communications blackout on Air Force One with both the president and the speaker of the House on board, and with the vice president in surgery and president pro tempore of the Senate found to be incompetent after a series of mini-strokes earlier in the year, Elizabeth is sworn in as acting president for a number of hours.  In "You Say You Want a Revolution", Elizabeth and her Cuban counterpart are instrumental in the restoration of Cuba–United States relations, including the opening of the Cuban embassy in Washington and the U.S. embassy in Havana and the repeal of the embargo against Cuba. This has been viewed as a significant milestone in the Dalton presidency.  During the first half of the second season, McCord was instrumental in preventing a potential United States-Russia War (which ultimately was believed to escalate into World War III).  In "Vartius", due to the failing health and impending resignation of Vice President Mark Delgado (Alex Fernandez), President Dalton offered the vice presidency to McCord. She initially accepted, but when President Dalton lost his party's primary, she advised him to run as an independent candidate and to ask the popular Senator Teresa Hurst, from Pennsylvania to be his running mate instead, as winning Pennsylvania would increase his chances of ensuring neither major party candidate would achieve a majority in the Electoral College. On election night, Dalton won several key states, including Pennsylvania, guaranteeing that neither major-party candidate would secure a majority. Thanks to the efforts of Russell Jackson, Dalton was re-elected by the House of Representatives in a contingent election.  In season 4, McCord is considered to be a favorite to run for president, even over Vice President Hurst. Russell Jackson even tells her that President Dalton would prefer to leave the presidency to her, instead of Hurst, who has her own presidential ambitions. In the last episode of season 4, Elizabeth stated that she would indeed run for president.  In season 5, McCord offered her resignation to President Dalton, and he accepted. In the season 5 episode "Better Angels", Elizabeth was holding a public gathering at her family farm, during which she announced her candidacy for the presidency of the United States.  The first episode of season 6, "Hail to the Chief", reveals that McCord won her bid to become the nation's first female president. The sixth season opens with accusations that the McCord campaign conspired with Iran to win the election. The second episode, "The Strike Zone", features former campaign manager turned Senior Counselor to the President Mike B. testifying in front of the Senate Intelligence Committee.

Staff.

With the exception of her personal assistant, Blake Moran (Erich Bergen), and new policy advisor Kat Sandoval (Sara Ramirez) Elizabeth inherited her entire senior staff from her predecessor, Vincent Marsh.  Her personal staff while Secretary of State consists of:  In "Blame Canada", she fired Allen Bollings (John Finn), the chief negotiator responsible for peace talks with Iran for threatening military action rather than the trade ban relaxations she authorized, and then lying to herself and to the president about it.  Starting in "Whisper of the Ax", Elizabeth recruited veteran political operative Michael "Mike B." Barnow (Kevin Rahm) as a special advisor to help her politically strategize; another politician once referred to Mike B. as her "personal hatchet man".  In "The Essentials", Nadine retires from the State Department upon learning that she's about to become a grandmother in order to spend time with her family in San Francisco. After her departure, Elizabeth names Jay her new Chief of Staff.

Reception.

The character is likely to have been inspired by Hillary Clinton. She has been analyzed in the context of the media representation of female political figures.

Elizabeth "Bess" Adams McCord is a fictional character and the protagonist of the CBS TV series "Madam Secretary" portrayed by Téa Leoni. Elizabeth is the President of the United States and former United States Secretary of State.

La Secrétaire d'État des États-Unis Elizabeth "Bess" Adams McCord est un personnage fictif et le protagoniste de la série télévisée de CBS "" ("Madame la Secrétaire d'état"). Il est interprété par Téa Leoni.


Isotopes and nuclear properties.

Nucleosynthesis.

Super-heavy elements such as nihonium are produced by bombarding lighter elements in particle accelerators that induce fusion reactions. Whereas most of the isotopes of nihonium can be synthesized directly this way, some heavier ones have only been observed as decay products of elements with higher atomic numbers.  Depending on the energies involved, the former are separated into "hot" and "cold". In hot fusion reactions, very light, high-energy projectiles are accelerated toward very heavy targets (actinides), giving rise to compound nuclei at high excitation energy (~40–50 MeV) that may either fission or evaporate several (3 to 5) neutrons. In cold fusion reactions, the produced fused nuclei have a relatively low excitation energy (~10–20 MeV), which decreases the probability that these products will undergo fission reactions. As the fused nuclei cool to the ground state, they require emission of only one or two neutrons, and thus, allows for the generation of more neutron-rich products. The latter is a distinct concept from that of where nuclear fusion claimed to be achieved at room temperature conditions (see cold fusion).

Cold fusion.

Before the successful synthesis of nihonium by the RIKEN team, scientists at the Institute for Heavy Ion Research (Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung) in Darmstadt, Germany also tried to synthesize nihonium by bombarding bismuth-209 with zinc-70 in 1998. No nihonium atoms were identified in two separate runs of the reaction. They repeated the experiment in 2003 again without success. In late 2003, the emerging team at RIKEN using their efficient apparatus GARIS attempted the reaction and reached a limit of 140 fb. In December 2003 – August 2004, they resorted to "brute force" and carried out the reaction for a period of eight months. They were able to detect a single atom of Nh. They repeated the reaction in several runs in 2005 and were able to synthesize a second atom, followed by a third in 2012.  The table below contains various combinations of targets and projectiles which could be used to form compound nuclei with Z=113.

Hot fusion.

In June 2006, the Dubna-Livermore team synthesised nihonium directly by bombarding a neptunium-237 target with accelerated calcium-48 nuclei, in a search for the lighter isotopes Nh and Nh and their decay products, to provide insight into the stabilizing effects of the closed neutron shells at "N" = 162 and "N" = 184:  Two atoms of Nh were detected.

As decay product.

Nihonium has been observed as a decay product of flerovium (via electron capture) and moscovium (via alpha decay). Moscovium currently has four known isotopes; all of them undergo alpha decays to become nihonium nuclei, with mass numbers between 283 and 286. Parent flerovium and moscovium nuclei can be themselves decay products of livermorium (although unconfirmed decays from oganesson or unbinilium may have been observed) and tennessine respectively. To date, no other elements have been known to decay to nihonium. For example, in January 2010, the Dubna team (JINR) identified nihonium-286 as a product in the decay of tennessine via an alpha decay sequence:

Theoretical calculations.

Evaporation residue cross sections.

The below table contains various targets-projectile combinations for which calculations have provided estimates for cross section yields from various neutron evaporation channels. The channel with the highest expected yield is given.  DNS = Di-nuclear system; σ = cross section

Nihonium (Nh) is a synthetic element. Being synthetic, a standard atomic weight cannot be given and like all artificial elements, it has no stable isotopes. The first isotope to be synthesized was Nh as a decay product of Mc in 2003. The first isotope to be directly synthesized was Nh in 2004. There are 6 known radioisotopes from Nh to Nh, along with the unconfirmed Nh and Nh. The longest-lived isotope is Nh with a half-life of 8 seconds.

Le nihonium (Nh, numéro atomique 113) est un élément synthétique qui n'a par conséquent pas de masse atomique standard. Comme tous les éléments synthétiques, il ne possède aucun isotope stable. Le premier isotope à avoir été synthétisé est Nh en 2003, en tant que produit de désintégration de Mc. Le premier isotope à avoir été directement synthétisé est Nh en 2004. Six radioisotopes sont connus, de Nh et Nh. L'isotope a la plus grande durée de vie connue est Nh avec une demi-vie de 19,6 secondes.


Envirome classification.

While there can be both positive and negative effects of the envirome on the organism, negative effects are often emphasized in discussing disease. A typology of envirome health hazards suggested by McDowall is natural physico-chemical, man-made physico-chemical, biological/organic, natural or man-made, macrosocial, micro- or psychosocial. One approach to classifying the envirome is to organize the factors based on their likely disease-specific causality such as cardiovascular disease  The time-scale of the envirome hazard is another possible dimension of classification; an envirome hazard are said to be a sudden change (such as a disaster), a rapid environmental change, or a slow change or a static situation. In twin studies, envirome influences are often decomposed into shared environmental factors, common to both twins and non-shared environmental factors that differ between the twins.

Genotype-environment correlation and interaction.

The effect of an envirome on an organism can be potentially modulated by its genetic makeup, i.e., its genome. The two main ways genes and environment may interact is through genotype-environment correlation and interaction. Genotype-environment correlation occurs because, for example, children both inherit genes from their parents and live under the influence of their parents. In the context of genetic epidemiology, interaction refers to the genes and the environment both participating in a causal way that departs from a simple additive model of the effects. An example of a genotype-environment interaction is the increased risk of getting Alzheimer's disease following a head injury in persons carrying the APOE formula_1 allele.

Criticism.

Some researchers see "envirome" as a renaming of the already well-established "nurture" component of the nature-nurture dichotomy in explaining psychological behavior. Steven Rose has argued that in psychiatry, it is time to abandon the genome-envirome dichotomy altogether in favor of an integrative view of a person's life course.

An “envirome” includes all of the environmental conditions required for successful biological life that affect human health. In genetic epidemiology, an envirome the total set of environmental factors, both present and past, that affect the state, and in particular the disease state, of an organism. The study of the envirome and its effects is termed enviromics. The term was first coined in the field of psychiatric epidemiology by J.C. Anthony in 1995. More recently, use of the term has been extended to the cellular domain, where "cell functional enviromics" studies both the genome and envirome from a systems biology perspective.

Dans le domaine de l'épidémiologie génétique, l’envirome désigne la somme des facteurs environnementaux (présents et passés) qui affectent l'état d’un organisme, et notamment son état de santé physique et mentale


Activities.

In addition to a wide range of adult and children's services for autistic people located across England, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales, the charity has an Autism Helpline open 5 days a week, a range of products for professionals working with autistics and a campaigning function. Sarah Lambert, the head of policy at the National Autistic society is a member of the All Party Parliamentary Group on Autism.  In 2011, the NAS consulted with numerous police agencies in developing identity card schemes designed to ensure a tolerable environment for autistic individuals during inquiries; participating agencies included the Wiltshire Police, the Essex Police, the Norfolk Constabulary, the Suffolk Constabulary, and the Cumbria Constabulary.  The NAS is also a founding member of Autism-Europe, an umbrella organisation bringing together 80 autism organisations from over 30 European countries. As a member of Autism-Europe, the NAS collaborates and shares examples of learning and good practice with other associations throughout the continent.  The current Chief Executive is Caroline Stevens. She took over from Mark Lever in 2019, after being Chief Executive at Kids for six years.

Organisation.

The NAS is organised into four regions and currently run by an elected Board of Trustees and an elected Council through a Strategic Management Group. The president of the NAS is Jane Asher and the patron is The Countess of Wessex. The NAS is funded through UK government grants and voluntary contributions.  The National Autistic Society has the following names registered with the Charity Commission:

List of NAS Schools and facilities.

The NAS manages a number of residential schools in the United Kingdom.

History.

Founded in 1962 as the Autistic Children's Aid Society of North London, it has around 20,000 members. In 1963, Gerald Gasson, a parent and member of the Executive Committee, designed the primary symbol for autism: a puzzle piece with a picture of a crying child inside of it, which was first used as logo by the NAS itself. The National Autistic Society originated from the foundation of the Autistic Children's Aid Society of North London on 23 January 1962 by parents of autistic children living in the area, with the assistance of a member from The Spastics Society (later Scope). Sybil Elgar was asked by the parents to be their first teacher for their children. The Society school for Autistic Children was established and later renamed as the Sybil Elgar School with her as the first principal. The current name was adopted in 1975 when the charity extended its interest to the whole of the United Kingdom.

The National Autistic Society (NAS) is a British charity for autistic people. The purpose of the organisation is to improve the lives of autistic people in the United Kingdom.

La (NAS) est un organisme de bienfaisance britannique pour les personnes avec des troubles du spectre autistique (TSA), y compris l'autisme et le syndrome d'Asperger. Le but de l'organisation est d'améliorer la vie des personnes avec autisme dans le Royaume-Uni.


Plot.

The town of Liberal in southwestern Kansas needs the help of a lawman; so does the law-abiding land baron Allen Harper. Deputy Billy Burns hence sends for his longtime friend, the legendary Bat Masterson.  Allen's sweetheart, Susan Pritchard, is pursued by Logan Maury, a corrupt cattleman. Hired gun Lance Larkin, who works for Maury, beats up a farmer until Bat arrives and throws him in jail. Bat is appointed the town's marshal and appoints Billy as his deputy.  Ruby Stone, a saloon singer in love with Maury, tries to keep him away from good girl Susan. When a farmer is murdered, Allen is framed and faces a lynch mob. Ruby ends up betraying Maury and gets shot in the back. Maury's own men are offended by the death of Ruby and gun down Maury. Allen can now marry Susan, while the town makes Billy the new marshal as Bat rides away.

Production.

The screenplay for "Trail Street" was written by Norman Houston and Gene Lewis, based on a novel by William Corcoran that was published as a serial in "Cosmopolitan" under the title "Trail Street". According to a news item in the "Hollywood Reporter", Barbara Hale and Lawrence Tierney were originally cast in the leading roles.  According to the August 1946 edition of "Hollywood Reporter", five hundred extras were hired for the fight scene between the farmers and the trail riders.

Reception.

In his 1947 review for "The New York Times", Bosley Crowther wrote that "Trail Street" was just another in a long line of Western about frontier marshal Bat Masterson, "no better nor worse than most of the rest". Crowther continued: In his review, Mike Grost wrote that although the film was no masterpiece, "Trail Street" contains "fresh visual thinking" and shows "graceful mise-en-scène". Grost continued: At the time "Trail Street" was released, a group of RKO actors and actresses toured several cities in Kansas to promote the film. One of those making the tour, Nan Leslie, who subsequently was cast in numerous movie and television westerns, was not actually in the film.

Trail Street is a 1947 American Western film directed by Ray Enright and starring Randolph Scott, Robert Ryan, Anne Jeffreys, and George "Gabby" Hayes. Based on the novel "Trail Street" by William Corcoran, and a screenplay by Norman Houston and Gene Lewis, the film is about the legendary Bat Masterson who brings law and order to the town of Liberal, Kansas, and defends the local farmers against a murderous cattle baron. Filmed on location in Agoura, California, at the Andy Jauregui Ranch in Newhall, California, and at the Encino Ranch of RKO Pictures. The film made a profit of $365,000.

Du sang sur la piste (titre original : "Trail Street") est un film américain de Ray Enright sorti en 1947.


History.

On 2 and 3 June 1946 an institutional referendum was held with which the Italians were called to the polls to decide which form of state - monarchy or republic - to give to the country. The referendum was announced at the end of World War II, a few years after the fall of the Fascist regime in Italy, the dictatorial regime that had been supported by the Italian royal family, the House of Savoy, for more than 20 years.  The supporters of the republic chose the symbol of the "Italia turrita", the national personification of Italy, to be used in the electoral campaign and on the referendum card on the institutional form of the State, in contrast to the Savoy coat of arms which represented the monarchy. This triggered various controversies, given that the iconography of the allegorical personification of Italy had, and still has, a universal and unifying meaning that should have been common to all Italians and not only to a part of them: this was the last appearance in the institutional context of turreted Italy.  This institutional referendum was the first vote by universal suffrage in Italy. The result of the popular consultation, 12,717,923 votes for the republic and 10,719,284 for the monarchy (with a percentage, respectively, of 54.3% and 45.7%), was communicated on 10 June 1946, when the Court of Cassation declared, after 85 years of the Kingdom of Italy, the birth of the Italian Republic, being definitively sanctioned on 18 June.  The King of Italy, Umberto II of Savoy, decided to leave Italy on 13 June to avoid the clashes between monarchists and Republicans, already manifested in bloody events in various Italian cities, for fear they could extend throughout the country. He went into exile in Portugal. From 1 January 1948, with the entry into force of the Constitution of the Italian Republic, the male descendants of Umberto II of Savoy were banned from entering Italy; the provision being repealed in 2002. 11 June 1946, the first day of republican Italy, was declared a public holiday.  On 2 June the birth of the modern nation is celebrated in a similar way to the French 14 July (anniversary of the storming of the Bastille) and to the 4th July in the United States (anniversary of the declaration of independence from Great Britain). The unity of Italy and the birth of the Italian state is celebrated on 17 March, in honor of 17 March 1861, the date of the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy. Before the birth of the republic, the national celebratory day of the Kingdom of Italy was the feast of the "Statuto Albertino", which was held on the first Sunday of June.  The first celebration of the "Festa della Repubblica" took place on 2 June 1947, while in 1948 there was the first parade in Via dei Fori Imperiali in Rome; June 2 was definitively declared a national holiday in 1949. On this occasion the ceremonial included the past review of the armed forces in honor of the republic by the President of the Italian Republic; the demonstration took place in Piazza Venezia, opposite the Altare della Patria. After the deposition of the laurel crown to the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier by the President of the Italian Republic Luigi Einaudi, the banners of the armed forces abandoned the formation, they walked the stairway of the monument and paid homage to the president with a bow.  In 1949, with the entry of Italy into NATO, ten celebrations took place simultaneously throughout the country: on the occasion, to highlight the bond of the newly formed republic with Mazzinianism, current of the "Risorgimento" which was headed by Giuseppe Mazzini, fervent Republican, a celebratory monument was inaugurated in the current Piazzale Ugo La Malfa in Rome, in memory of the Genoese patriot, in front of which the main event of the "Festa della Repubblica" took place.  In 1961 the main celebration of the "Festa della Repubblica"did not take place in Rome but in Turin, the first capital of a united Italy. Turin was the capital of Italy from 1861 to 1865, followed by Florence (1865-1871) and finally by Rome, which is its capital since 1871. In 1961, in fact, was also celebrated the centenary of the Unification of Italy (1861-1961). In 1963 the demonstration was not carried out on June 2 for the health conditions of Pope John XXIII, now dying, and was postponed to 4 November, simultaneously with National Unity and Armed Forces Day.  In 1965 the banners of the suppressed military units that took part in the World War I also participated in the main celebration of Rome; in that year the 50th anniversary of Italy's entry into the First World War was also commemorated. Specifically, Italy officially began military operations in World War I on 24 May 1915, with a first cannon shot fired by Fort Verena, on the Asiago plateau, towards the Austrian fortresses located on the Vezzena Plain: to the first infantry of the Royal Italian Army that crossed the border is dedicated the first stanza of "La Leggenda del Piave".  Due to the severe economic crisis that gripped Italy in the 1970s, to contain state and social costs, the "Festa della Repubblica", with law n. 54 of 5 March 1977, was moved to the first Sunday of June, with the consequent suppression of 2 June as a public holiday connected to it. In 2001, on the impulse of the then President of the Republic, Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, who was the protagonist, at the beginning of the 21st century, of a more general action to promote national symbols of Italy, the "Festa della Repubblica" has abandoned the status of a moveable feast, summarizing its traditional location of 2 June, which has now returned to being a holiday in all respects.

Celebration.

The official ceremony of the Rome celebration includes the solemn flag-raising ceremony at the Altare della Patria and the tribute to the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier with the deposition of a laurel wreath by the President of the Italian Republic in the presence of the highest offices of the State, or of the President of the Senate, the President of the Chamber of Deputies, the President of the Council of Ministers, the President of the Constitutional Court, the Minister of Defense and the Chief of Defense. After the execution of the "Il Canto degli Italiani", the Frecce Tricolori cross the skies of Rome.  Later the President of the Republic went to Via di San Gregorio with the presidential Lancia Flaminia escorted by a patrol of Corazzieri on a motorcycle where, together with the military commander of the capital, he reviewed the units deployed. The Head of State then moved to the presidential tribune which is located in Via dei Fori Imperiali, where he attended the parade together with the highest offices of state. The marching military honors the President of the Republic, bending the insignia as they pass before the presidential tribune. It is tradition, for the members of the Italian government and for the presidents of the two branches of parliament, to have pinned on the jacket, during the whole ceremony, an Italian tricolor cockade. The ceremony concludes in the afternoon with the opening to the public of the gardens of the Quirinal Palace, seat of the Presidency of the Italian Republic, and with musical performances by the bands of the Italian Army, the Italian Navy, and the Italian Air Force, of the Carabinieri, of the "Polizia di Stato", of the "Guardia di Finanza", of the "Polizia Penitenziaria" and of the State Forestry Corps.  On the feast day, at the Palazzo del Quirinale, the Changing of the Guard with the Corazzieri Regiment and the Fanfare of the Carabinieri Cavalry Regiment in high uniform is carried out in solemn form. This solemn rite is only performed on two other occasions, during the celebrations of the Tricolour Day (7 January) and the National Unity and Armed Forces Day (4 November).  Official ceremonies are held throughout the national territory. Among them are the traditional receptions organized by each prefecture for the local authorities, which are preceded by solemn public demonstrations with reduced military parades that have been reviewed by the prefect in his capacity as the highest governmental authority in the province. Similar ceremonies are also organized by the Regions and Municipalities.  All over the world, Italian embassies organize ceremonies to which the Heads of State of the host country are invited. Greetings from the other Heads of State reach the President of the Italian Republic from all over the world.

The parade.

All the Italian Armed Forces, all the police forces of the Republic, the "Vigili del Fuoco", the "Protezione Civile" and the Italian Red Cross take part in the military parade. The military parade was included for the first time in the protocol of official celebrations in 1950.  In 1976 the military parade was not organized following the disastrous earthquake of Friuli, while the following year, in 1977, in full austerity, it was decided not to resume the traditional military parade to avoid burdening further expenses on the state budget. This decision was also reiterated in the following years. Instead of the military parade, a demonstration was organized in Piazza Venezia, which was attended by representatives of the Italian armed forces.  The military parade was reinserted in the official ceremony of the main celebration of Rome in 1983; in that year the "Festa della Repubblica" was organized on the first Sunday of June, which was the 5th, between the Aventine and Porta San Paolo to commemorate the Resistance to the German occupation of the city of Rome during the World War II. The following year, in 1984, the parade returned to Via dei Fori Imperiali, while in 1985 it took place between Via dei Cerchi and the Baths of Caracalla. In 1989 the military parade was eliminated again; in its place a historical exhibition was organized in Piazza di Siena in Rome. Until 1999, the celebration of the "Festa della Repubblica" was limited exclusively to the ceremony at the Altare della Patria.  The parade returned permanently to the ceremony in 2000 on the initiative of the then President of the Republic Carlo Azeglio Ciampi. In 2004, Carlo Azeglio Ciampi wanted the municipal police corps of Rome, representing all the local Italian police, and the Protezione Civile personnel to parade in the parade.  The military parade also includes some military delegations from the United Nations, NATO, the European Union and representatives of multinational departments with an Italian component.

Festa della Repubblica (; English: "Republic Day") is the Italian National Day and Republic Day, which is celebrated on 2 June each year, with the main celebration taking place in Rome. The "Festa della Repubblica" is one of the national symbols of Italy.

La Festa della Repubblica (Fête de la République) est une fête nationale italienne qui est célébrée tous les. Elle commémore la naissance de la république italienne.


History.

Launch and use as a freighter.

In 1955 the Richard Schröder shipping company of Hamburg ordered construction of a dry cargo freighter from Norderwerft Köser & Meyer, also of Hamburg. Built as hull number 818, the ship was launched on November 10, 1955, as the "Erich Schröder". After sea trials that began on December 29, 1955, the ship was delivered to the owners on January 17, 1956. It was built as a triple-superstructure ship with the machine room aft and the bridge amidships. It was equipped with three cargo hatches and loading equipment consisting of one 25-metric ton derrick and ten 5-metric ton derricks. In August 1962, the ship was transferred to the Richard Schröder K.G. shipping company, and in February 1972 sold to Ocean Combustion Service N. V. in Rotterdam.

Use as an incinerator ship.

Beginning on February 11, 1972, the new owner had the ship converted into a waste incinerator ship at the K. A. van Brink shipyard in Rotterdam. Tanks for transportation of the waste were added, plus two incinerators located aft, in which the waste would be combusted at temperatures between 1300 and 1400° Celsius. On September 15, 1972, the shipyard delivered the completed ship to Vulcanus Shipping Pte. Ltd. in Singapore, which placed it in service as the "Vulcanus". Management of the ship remained with Ocean Combustion Service; it was operated by Hansa Steamship Company of Bremen (Ocean Combustion Service and Vulcanus Shipping both being subsidiaries of Hansa). It was capable of incinerating 400–500 metric tons of waste a day, or approximately 100,000 metric tons a year. The ship primarily operated in the North Sea out of Rotterdam; in 1980 it and other incinerator ships were burning an estimated 80,000 metric tons of wastes including TCDD in the North Sea; but was also used on other routes. For example, in 1974, Shell Oil contracted to have liquid chlorinated hydrocarbon wastes from its Shell Chemical subsidiary incinerated in the Gulf of Mexico, and in 1977 in the South Pacific, "Vulcanus" disposed of more than 8 million liters of Agent Orange left over from the Vietnam War, in the U.S. Air Force Operation Pacer HO.  Following Hansa's declaration of bankruptcy on August 18, 1980, the "Vulcanus" continued to operate until 1983, when it was overhauled at the Jurong shipyard in Singapore and equipped with a totally new forecastle equipping it to transport chemical waste. On May 4, 1983, the old forecastle was scrapped at Lien Ho Hsing Steel Enterprise Company in Kaohsiung, Taiwan.. The rebuilt ship was again placed in service as an incinerator vessel, now under the name "Vulcanus I". At the beginning of 1988, Waste Management, Inc., which had bought "Vulcanus I" and was then operating it and another incinerator ship named "Vulcanus II", withdrew a longstanding application to provide offshore incineration of toxic wastes to the US market. Growing protests by environmental groups led to a decision by the Third International Conference on the Protection of the North Sea in 1990 to ban waste incineration in the North Sea from December 31, 1991. The decision was ratified on June 23, 1990, by the OSPAR Commission. "Vulcanus I" was then sold that year to the Danish shipping company M.H. Simonsen A.p.S. in Svendborg.

Later career.

In 1990, Simonsen registered the ship with Simonsen Tankers Ltd. of Nassau, Bahamas, as the "Oragreen", and had it converted into a bunkering tanker. It remained with Simonsen until May 3, 2004, when it was transferred, in Dakar, Senegal, to the Nigerian shipping company Kotram Nigeria Ltd. of Apapa. In 2009, the ship remained registered with Kotram as the "Kotrando". In 2019, the web site marinetraffic.com listed the Kotrando as decommissioned or lost.

M/T "Vulcanus, also known as Vulcanus I, Oragreen, Kotrando, and Erich Schröder", is a freighter first placed in service in 1956 that was used from 1972 to 1990 as an incinerator ship and later as a tanker.

Le M/T "Vulcanus, aussi connu sous le nom de Vulcanus I, Oragreen, Kotrando, ou également Erich Schröder", est un cargo mis en service à partir de 1956 qui fut utilisé de 1972 à 1990 comme bateau incinérateur et plus tard comme pétrolier.


Discovery.

S Persei was named by German astronomer Adalbert Krueger in 1874 after observing that it varied in brightness. It was subsequently listed in major stellar catalogues of that era as HD 14528 and BD+57°552.

Variability.

S Persei varies slowly by several magnitudes, a factor of over 40 in brightness. It has a main period of somewhat over two years, but shows significant unpredictability. There is a strong variation in the amplitude from around one magnitude to about four magnitudes, and these have been interpreted as beats due to a second period of about 940 days. Other analyses find only the primary period of 813 ± 60 days.  S Persei is classified as a semiregular variable star of type SRc, indicating that it is a supergiant, and it has one of the largest visual amplitudes of any variable of this type. While the General Catalogue of Variable Stars lists it as varying between magnitudes 7.9 and 12.0, it has since been seen fainter.  The spectral type of S Persei also varies. Typically it is a red supergiant of spectral class M3 or M4, but particularly at deep visual minima it may show a much cooler spectral type of M7 or M8, highly unusual for a supergiant.

Properties.

Many of the visually bright variable stars belong to this class of semiregulars, as these stars are extremely large and luminous, and hence visible across long distances. S Persei has been described as a hypergiant and has a radius over 700 times the sun's radius (). Its angular diameter has been measured directly and found to be somewhat elliptical. Modelled as a uniform disk, the radius corresponds to.  The temperature has been calculated from the spectrum using a DUSTY model, giving an effective photospheric temperature of 3,600 K and a temperature of 900 K for the surrounding dust torus. This is consistent with previous studies, but the derived luminosity from different authors varies from to. Older studies frequently calculated higher luminosities, lower temperatures, and consequently larger values for the radius.  The mass of S Persei is also uncertain, but expected to be around. Mass is being lost at per year, leading to an extensive and complex circumstellar environment of gas and dust.

Location.

S Persei is surrounded by clouds containing water molecules which produce maser emission. This allows the distance to be measured very accurately using very long baseline interferometry, giving an annual parallax of 0.413 ± 0.017 milliarcseconds. For comparison the Gaia Data Release 2 parallax is. It lies somewhat further away than the centres of the Double Cluster open clusters, but definitely within the Per OB1 association and the Perseus Arm of the galaxy.  S Persei is a double star. The red supergiant has an A0 11th magnitude companion at 69". There are also several other 8th to 10th magnitude stars within half a degree of S Persei.

S Persei is a red supergiant or hypergiant located near the Double Cluster in Perseus, north of the cluster NGC 869. It is a member of the Perseus OB1 association and one of the largest known stars. If placed in our solar system, its photospehere would engulf the orbit of Jupiter. It is also a semiregular variable, a star whose variations are less regular than those of Mira variables.

S Persei est une supergéante rouge située près du double amas de Persée, au nord de l'amas NGC 869. Elle est membre de l'association stellaire Perseus OB1 et est une variable semi-régulière, les étoiles dont les périodes de variation sont soumises à plus d'irrégularités que celles des variables de type Mira.


High school and college career.

Payton was born in Seattle, Washington to Monique and Gary Payton, while his father was a member of the Seattle SuperSonics. He attended Spring Valley High School where he lettered two years in basketball and one year in swimming before graduating in 2011. He then enrolled at Westwind Preparatory Academy for the 2011–12 season.

Salt Lake Bruins.

Payton played two seasons at Salt Lake Community College in Salt Lake City, Utah. He averaged 9.4 points, 6.2 rebounds, 3.7 assists, and 1.9 steals per game as a freshman (2012–13) and led the Bruins to a 29-5 overall record and 14-1 mark in the Scenic West Athletic Conference (SWAC), where they won the Region 18 Championship and outright SWAC title in 2013. Payton was named First Team All-SWAC and made Region 18 All-Tournament Team as a freshman. In his sophomore year he averaged 14.1 points, 7.9 rebounds, 3.8 assists, and 1.9 steals per game earning him Second Team NJCAA Division I All-American and was voted 2014 Region 18 Co-Player of the Year and Region 18 Tournament Most Valuable Player. The Bruins finished with a 27-7 overall record and won their second consecutive Region 18 Championship.

Oregon State Beavers.

During Payton's sophomore season at Salt Lake CC he signed a letter of intent to play for his father's alma mater Oregon State under men's head basketball coach Craig Robinson. Robinson was fired before the start of the 2014–15 basketball season and was replaced by University of Montana head coach Wayne Tinkle. Having lost their top five scorers from the previous season, Pac-12 coaches picked Oregon State to finish 12th in the 2014–15 season. Instead, the up-tempo Beavers finished 7th with a 4–1 record against the conference's top three teams, Arizona, Oregon and Utah. In their game against Grambling State Payton recorded 10 points, 12 rebounds and 10 assists, becoming only the second Beaver ever with a triple-double in a game. His father, Hall of Famer Gary Payton, is the other Beaver with a triple-double when he had 20 points, 14 rebounds and 11 assists against the University of Portland in 1988. Following a home sweep of the Los Angeles schools Payton was named the January 26, 2015 Pac-12 Conference Player of the Week. During his first season at Oregon State Payton led his team in multiple categories: scoring, rebounds, and steals. On March 9, 2015 Pac-12 coaches voted Payton to the All-Pac-12 First Team, All-Pac-12 Defensive Team and named him the Pac-12 Defensive Player of the Year.  On February 1, 2016, he was named one of 10 finalists for the Bob Cousy Award for top point guard of the year. He was named to the 35-man mid-season watchlist for the Naismith Player of the Year on February 11.

Professional career.

Rio Grande Valley Vipers (2016–2017).

After going undrafted in the 2016 NBA draft, Payton II joined the Houston Rockets for the 2016 NBA Summer League. On September 23, 2016, he signed with the Rockets, but was later waived on October 24 after appearing in six preseason games. On October 31, 2016, he was acquired by the Rio Grande Valley Vipers of the NBA Development League as an affiliate player of the Rockets. On December 3, 2016, he scored 51 points on 20-of-29 shooting to go with 11 rebounds in a 140–125 win over the Los Angeles D-Fenders.

Milwaukee Bucks and Wisconsin Herd (2017).

On April 2, 2017, Payton II signed with the Milwaukee Bucks. He made his debut for the Bucks that night, scoring five points in nine minutes off the bench in a 109–105 loss to the Dallas Mavericks. Payton II was waived on October 14 as one of the team's final 2017–18 preseason roster cuts. On October 17, 2017, Payton II was given a two-way contract with the Bucks via their NBA G League affiliate the Wisconsin Herd, meaning he'd officially return to Milwaukee for the start of the season. Payton II would have his first start in the NBA on November 22, 2017, against the Phoenix Suns, playing as the starting small forward for the Bucks that night due to team injuries. While he would end the night early due to an injury of his own, the Bucks would win that night in overtime. On December 13, Payton II was waived from the Bucks in favor of Sean Kilpatrick.

Los Angeles Lakers (2018).

On January 15, 2018, the Los Angeles Lakers signed Payton II to a two-way contract. Throughout the rest of the season, he split his playing time between the Los Angeles Lakers and their NBA G League affiliate, the South Bay Lakers. On the final game of the season, Payton scored a career-high 25 points and also posted a career-high 12 rebounds against the Los Angeles Clippers.

Second stint with Rio Grande Valley Vipers (2018–2019).

On September 4, 2018, Payton signed a training camp contract with the Portland Trail Blazers. On October 13, 2018, Payton was waived by the Trail Blazers.  On December 12, 2018, the Rio Grande Valley Vipers of the NBA G League announced via Twitter that they had re-acquired Payton.

Washington Wizards (2019).

On January 21, 2019, Payton signed with the Washington Wizards on a 10-day contract, and Payton made his debut for the Wizards on January 22 in a 101–87 win over the Detroit Pistons, but was not offered for a second 10-day contract.

Third stint with Rio Grande Valley Vipers (2019).

On February 2, the Rio Grande Valley Vipers announced that they had reacquired Payton.

South Bay Lakers (2019).

On October 24, 2019, the Canton Charge acquired the returning right from Rio Grande Valley Vipers for Payton in exchange for Jaron Blossomgame. Two days later on October 26, 2019, Payton was traded to the South Bay Lakers for Sheldon Mac and Robert Heyer. Two days later on October 28, 2019, Payton was added to the training camp roster of the South Bay Lakers. On November 4, 2019, Payton was included in the opening night roster of the South Bay Lakers.

Second stint with Washington Wizards (2019–present).

On December 23, 2019, the Washington Wizards announced that they had signed Payton.  | style="text-align:left;"|

Gary Dwayne Payton II (born December 1, 1992) is an American professional basketball player for the Washington Wizards of the NBA. As a junior and senior playing college basketball for the Oregon State Beavers, Payton was named first-team All-Pac-12 as well as Pac-12 Defensive Player of the Year. He is the son of NBA Hall of Famer Gary Payton. His nickname is "The Mitten", a reference to his father's nickname "The Glove".

Gary Dwayne Payton II, né le à Seattle, Washington, est un joueur américain de basket-ball. Il évolue au poste de meneur voire d'arrière.


Discovery.

"Pawpawsaurus" was found in the Paw Paw Formation in Tarrant County, Texas, in May 1992, by Cameron Campbell. A complete skull is the only specimen, from which the binomial was named "Pawpawsaurus campbelli". The Paw Paw Formation has produced another nodosaurid, "Texasetes pleurohalio" (Coombs, 1995), which may prove to be a senior synonym of "Pawpawsaurus". This is the only nodosaurid known to have possessed the bony eyelids commonly found in ankylosaurids. The skull of "Pawpawsaurus" bears some notable similarities to that of "Silvisaurus", such as the presence of teeth in the premaxilla and the restriction of the osseous secondary palate to the rostral portion of the palatal region.

Description.

"Pawpawsaurus" is known from a relatively well preserved and complete skull. The skull is complete enough for a 2016 study to be able to identify and reconstruct the brain, nasal cavities and inner ear of the specimen, and CT scan it to find new anatomical features.  The brain of "Pawpawsaurus" is very similar to other ankylosaurians, but along with more derived taxa it is most different from "Kunbarrasaurus". The brain is 30% of the skull length, very similar to "Panoplosaurus", higher than "Euoplocephalus", and lower than "Kunbarrasaurus". The brain of "Pawpawsaurus" is long and wide. The inner ear is also similar to ankylosaurians to the exclusion of "Kunbarrasaurus", being tall and wide at the level of the semicircular canals. The nasal cavities of "Pawpawsaurus" resemble that of "Panoplosaurus" and "Euoplocephalus", although the thin dividing medians are not preserved as they were likely cartilaginous.

Classification.

Based on the dimensions of the skull, "Pawpawsaurus" is believed to have been approximately 4.5 meters in length. Vickaryous et al. (2004) have stated that ""Sauropelta edwardsorum", "Silvisaurus condrayi", and "Pawpawsaurus campbelli" form a basal polytomy nested deep to "Cedarpelta"."

Palaeobiology.

"Pawpawsaurus" was primitive in regards to its sensory abilities when compared to later ankylosaurs. CT scans of its skull and brain by Paulina-Carabajal and Louis Jacobs et al. revealed that "Pawpawsaurus"' hearing was on par with that of modern crocodilians, indicating that its hearing was relatively poor. Its sense of smell meanwhile, while not as advanced as that of later ankylosaurs, was still more powerful and acute than many of the theropods existent at the time thanks to its large nasal cavities. The enlarged nasal cavities of "Pawpawsaurus" would also likely have been useful for cooling blood that was entering the brain, finding food and potential mates, or alerting it to danger.

Pawpawsaurus, meaning "Pawpaw Lizard", is a nodosaurid ankylosaur from the Cretaceous (late Albian) of Tarrant County, Texas, discovered in May 1992. The only species yet assigned to this taxon, "Pawpawsaurus campbelli," is based on a complete skull (lacking mandibles) from the marine Paw Paw Formation (Wachita Group).

Pawpawsaurus est un genre éteint de dinosaures ornithischiens herbivores, un ankylosaurien de la famille des nodosauridés. Un seul crâne fossile de cet animal a été découvert en 1982 dans le comté de Tarrant, au Texas. Il provient de la formation géologique de Pawpaw qui date de la fin du Crétacé inférieur, de l'Albien supérieur, il y a environ entre (millions d'années), et qui a donné son nom au genre.


Playing career.

Muñiz was born in Gijón, Asturias. During his playing days, he represented hometown club Sporting de Gijón (making his first-team debut in the 1991–92 season, already at 23), Rayo Vallecano – scoring four goals from 40 appearances during 1998–99, which granted the Madrid side La Liga promotion via the playoffs even though they finished fifth – and CD Numancia.  Muñiz retired at the end of the 2001–02 campaign at the age of 33, as the team from Soria could only finish in 17th position in Segunda División. In 11 years as a professional, he appeared in 332 games and scored ten times (234 matches and six goals in the top level).

Coaching career.

Muñiz started as an assistant manager at Málaga in 2003, under Juande Ramos. His first head coach experience arrived in early 2006 with lowly UD Marbella, and he subsequently returned to Málaga as the main manager for two seasons, achieving a runner-up place in 2008 and thus promoting the Andalusians to the top flight after a two-year.  In July 2008, Muñiz switched to fellow league team Racing de Santander. At the season's end, however, he was released from contract, and promptly returned to Málaga, replacing Antonio Tapia who took over relegated neighbours Real Betis.  In late June 2010, after leading Málaga to the 17th position, last above the relegation zone, Muñiz was sacked. Shortly after, he rejoined Ramos at FC Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk.  Muñiz was appointed AD Alcorcón manager on 8 June 2015, after four years in Ukraine. Roughly one year later he signed with fellow second division club Levante UD, achieving promotion at the first attempt as champions.  On 20 June 2018, Muñiz returned to Málaga for a third spell after agreeing to a two-year contract. He was dismissed the following 14 April, following a 1–2 home loss against Extremadura UD.

Juan Ramón López Muñiz (born 2 November 1968) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a central defender, and a manager.

Juan Ramón López Muñiz, né le à Gijón (Asturies, Espagne), est un footballeur espagnol reconverti en entraîneur. Il est nommé nouvel entraîneur du Málaga CF faisant suite à la relégation du club en deuxième division le.


Gameplay.

"Batman: Arkham VR" is an adventure game played from a first-person perspective using PlayStation VR, HTC Vive, or Oculus Rift virtual reality headsets and associated controllers to see through the eyes of the playable character, Batman. The player can look around the environment freely and interact with reachable items, and access three gadgets from Batman's utility belt: the throwable batarang, the grapnel gun — a grappling hook, and the forensic scanner, which can be used to examine evidence and recreate crime scenes. The player is able to teleport to preset locations around the current environment (with movement sometimes represented by use of the grapnel gun) but the character cannot walk freely.  Unlike previous "Arkham" games, "Arkham VR" features no combat and instead focuses on solving puzzles to find clues that will advance the mystery. "Arkham VR" features optional tasks, including 30 challenges from the supervillain Riddler who adds various puzzles and concealed items to locate after the game has been completed, target practice with the batarang, and viewing profiles and models for the series' various characters on the Batcomputer.

Synopsis.

Characters.

"Arkham VR" features an ensemble cast of characters from the history of Batman comics. The main character is Batman (Kevin Conroy)—a superhero trained to the peak of human physical and mental perfection and an expert in martial arts. He is supported by his allies, Robin (Tom Austen), Nightwing, and his loyal butler Alfred Pennyworth (Hugh Fraser). Batman's crusade against crime brings him into conflict with the weapon-dealing Penguin (Ian Redford), the mutated Killer Croc (Steven Blum), and the Riddler (Wally Wingert). Batman's nemesis, the psychopathic Joker (Mark Hamill), appears following his death during the events of "", after succumbing to a fatal disease caused by his previous consumption of the Titan formula, an unstable steroid serum which turns men into maddened monsters. "Arkham VR" also features reporter Vicki Vale (Jules de Jongh), Batman's parents, Thomas (Conroy) and Martha Wayne (Andrea Deck), and their killer Joe Chill (Glenn Wrage).

Plot.

Billionaire Bruce Wayne is woken by an alarm from a nightmare about his parents' murder. He is informed by his butler Alfred that there is an urgent situation that requires his attention. Activating a secret entrance to the Batcave beneath his manor, Wayne puts on his Batsuit and gadgets to become Batman. In the Batcave, Alfred informs Batman that both Robin and Nightwing have disappeared and he has been unable to contact them. Batman activates Nightwing's tracker and locates him in Central Gotham. Heading out in the Batmobile, Batman arrives to find Nightwing dead in an alley. His investigation reveals that despite his nearly unrivaled training and skills, Nightwing was defeated in single combat and had his neck snapped. His investigation further reveals that one of Penguin's henchmen witnessed the murder before fleeing.  Batman travels in the Batwing to confront Penguin in his Iceberg lounge club. He interrogates the Penguin and learns that the witness was blown up by a mysterious assailant before he could reveal the killer's identity. Batman next infiltrates the Gotham morgue to examine the victims of the explosion, and is able to piece together shrapnel from the explosive to identify it as belonging to a demolitions company working on a sewer project beneath Founders Island. By focusing his search in this area, Batman is able to make radio contact with Robin who warns that he is being held to lure Batman into a trap.  As Batman moves through the sewers, he hears intercom announcements from the Joker. Batman finds Robin in a cage, but while attempting to free him, Batman himself is captured. Robin notes Joker-styled graffiti on the cage, believing that their captor is emulating the Joker. Batman and Robin attempt to escape, but they are attacked by Killer Croc. They use the electrified cages to stave off his attacks, but after Robin escapes his cage he is crushed against Batman's by Croc, before being eaten.  The screen flashes and Batman's cage suddenly transforms into an elevator descending into the depths of Arkham Asylum. As Batman explores the facility he comes across a series of inmate cells, interacting with each one before the last reveals a captive Joker. As Batman turns to leave, he finds himself locked alone inside the Joker's cell. The room begins to change, displaying scrawled accusations of "killer" and "HA" on the walls, as it is revealed that it was Batman who murdered Nightwing, blew up the witness and lured Robin into the trap to get him killed. He committed these actions under the influence of the Joker, who has infiltrated Batman's body and mind through a transfusion of his infected blood; prior to his death in Arkham City. As Batman looks into a mirror and sees the Joker as his reflection, his nemesis announces that the dynamic duo are together at last.  The game is presented as a dream or hallucination caused by the Joker's blood; the sound of an alarm can be periodically heard, as can Alfred trying to wake up Batman and Wayne listening to voicemail messages from the deceased Joker.

Development.

In June 2016 at E3 2016, it was announced that Rocksteady was developing "Batman: Arkham VR" for the PlayStation VR, which was released in October 2016. The game has players "utilize [Batman's] legendary gadgets to unravel a plot that threatens the lives of his closest allies." Following a five-month period of exclusivity for the PlayStation 4, the game was released for the Oculus Rift and HTC Vive on April 25, 2017. Rocksteady teased the plot for "Arkham VR" in the "Arkham Knight" downloadable content "Crime Fighter Challenge Pack #6", which allowed players to explore the Wayne manor and interact with a piano to reveal a hidden wall containing references to a murder, shrapnel, and the Penguin.

Reception.

"Batman: Arkham VR" received "mixed or average" reviews from critics for the PlayStation 4 version of the game, according to review aggregator Metacritic.  "Zero Punctuation"s Ben Croshaw called the PSVR version "incredible garbage" and "a half hour CD-ROM virtual tour from mid to late 90s", later nominating it as one of the worst games of 2016. The "Official UK PlayStation Magazine" listed it as the seventh best PSVR game.  The Game Critics Awards awarded the game as Best VR Game. The National Academy of Video Game Trade Reviewers awarded the game in the category Direction in Virtual Reality. At IGN's Best of E3 2016 Awards the game won in the categories Best Puzzle Game and Best VR Experience. At the the game won in the category Most Innovative Game. At the Develop Awards the game won in the categories Best Sound Design and Best Visual Design.  In Europe, it was the biggest selling PSVR game of 2017.

Batman: Arkham VR is a virtual reality adventure video game developed by Rocksteady Studios and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment for PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Windows. Based on the DC Comics superhero Batman, it is a part of the "" series and the first installment to use virtual reality headsets, allowing players to experience the game world from Batman's perspective. "Arkham VR" was released worldwide on October 11, 2016, for PlayStation 4 and on April 25, 2017, for Microsoft Windows for VR headsets (HTC Vive, Oculus Rift and Valve Index VR).

Le jeu n'a pas été doublé en français, seulement la bande-annonce (avec la voix de Pierre Hatet pour le Joker). Mark Hamill reprend le rôle du Joker dans la version originale..


Gameplay.

"Sine Mora" (Latin meaning, "without delay") is a side scrolling shoot 'em up game. The player controls an airplane along two axes while attacking enemies. The gameplay world is rendered in 3D, and at key points an in-game cutscene plays in which the camera and plane move. These are often transitions into another part of the gameplay world, but are also used to give the player a new perspective for things such as boss battles. The plane's primary weapons can be upgraded, and players are equipped with a limited-use, more powerful secondary weapon to eliminate more on-screen enemies at one time. Consecutive kills with the primary weapon will increase the game's score multiplier, while use of the secondary weapon or time manipulation will reset the multiplier. The player's final score is determined by a number of factors including kills, damage taken, and powerups collected.  As the game is marketed as a bullet hell shooter it features four difficulties: normal, challenging, hard and insane. The normal difficulty reduces the on-screen ordnance from enemies, while the insane difficulty is geared towards those who are veterans of the genre. In this difficulty the ordnance on the screen is much higher, forcing a greater difficulty level. In addition, four game modes are included: Story, Arcade, Score Attack, and Boss Training. Story mode is the primary mode of the game and allows the player to see the narrative as the game progresses. On the standard difficulty players are given eight continues, while the Insane difficulty yields only five. Completing levels on the more challenging difficulty unlocks an alternate narrative. Arcade mode removes the narrative cutscenes and limits the player to only three continues. Score Attack mode allows players to replay any stage previously completed with only one life. The objective is to achieve the highest score possible and complete the stage. Players do not progress to the next stage after completion in this mode. Boss Training allows players to practice and/or replay any unlocked boss battles. Continues in this mode are unlimited.  "Sine Mora" does not use a traditional player health mechanic. It instead plays on the aspect of time. Each level is given a set amount of time which continues to tick downwards. Taking damage will temporarily speed up this process, while eliminating enemies will add time back. Powerups in the game can provide bonuses such as shielding, extra time, and upgraded weapon. Players can choose from multiple characters and planes, and the combination of choices determines the vital statistics during play. Characters are not tied to a specific plane, rather characters and planes each have unique attributes, the combination of which determines the statistics.

Synopsis.

"Sine Mora" features two plots running at different points in time. The first features a father bent on taking revenge on the Empire that executed his son for being the sole pilot that refused to drop a nuclear bomb during an attack on the Enkies. The second features the last survivors of the Enkie race also plotting revenge on the Empire for destroying them. The game stages are often set at the same locations, in noticeably different states due to being set in different eras.  The game takes place on the planet of Seol, which is much like Earth. It differs in that its crust is so unstable it often causes quakes that radically reshape its geography in a small amount of time. Albeit originally split into four great nations, by the time the plot unfolds two factions are locked in the Eternal War: the aggressive and dictatorial Layil Empire and the Atarach Kingdom of the Enkie race. Following the teachings of the great prophet Enki, the Enkie are renowned for their unique talent of manipulating time, to the point of being able to transport any item or even themselves to any point into the past or even the future. Over time, however, the Empire develops "The Project", a machine capable of manipulating time. The apparatus is capable of arbitrarily accelerating an item's or even living being's time flow to the point of literally erasing it from existence. Stored inside the floating fortress-city of Siriad, the Project uses every military vehicle of the Layil as a relay, creating a weapon that cannot be effectively disabled. This advantage has allowed the Empire to cut through Enkie defenses, culminating in a vicious (presumably) nuclear bombardment of the Atarach kingdom.  In the "normal" narrative, which encompasses the player's first playthrough, Ronotra Koss is mourning the death of his son, Argus Pytel, at the hands of his crewmates as he refused, during the flight of the bomber Cobalt King, to drop a nuclear bomb upon the Enkie capital city; embittered and vengeful, Koss mans a stolen Sine Mora school "Merenstein" plane and, with the help of a smuggled combat artificial intelligence, GARAI 74/22876, starts to systematically infiltrate Layil Empire structures and eliminate officers involved with his son's demise, all the while exacting a bloody revenge on the Empire which abandoned him after an incident left him an amputee. Finally reaching the city of Tira, capital of the Empire, he mercilessly destroys most of its military force, finally facing the colossal Domus assault fortress manned by the officer who killed Argus, managing to destroy it after maneuvering through its defenses and blowing up the power cores.  The parallel storyline involves Akyta Dryad and an ensemble of surviving Enkie resistance fighters unleashing a series of guerrilla attacks on the empire, bent on stopping the Project. Most of the locations are visited after Ronotra Koss' exploits, featuring a much more ruined look and stronger resistance by Empire forces. Resistance fighters fall one after another, either captured or killed in action, dealing a series of crippling blows to the Layil who, however, seemingly recover from each with minimal actual consequences save for structure damage. Infiltrating Siriad, the Empire's floating fortress-city, Akyta, then the sole survivor, reaches the main chamber housing the Project apparatus; there, she is horrified to find two million Enkie survivors connected to machinery, heavily drugged and genetically altered, their natural time manipulating capabilities being channeled to fuel the Empire's temporal gravitation weapons. Fighting the facility's guardian and controller, Ophan, she manages to end the threat of the weapon, leaving Layil unable to use time manipulation.  In a shocking twist however, the entire chain of events is revealed to have been engineered by none other than Argus Pytel himself: a top ranking intelligence officer and a Collaborationist, he engineered for both Resistance groups to embark on suicidal missions, confident of the Empire's chance to recover quickly from any damage via its control over the timeline. The rebel crew member aboard the Cobalt King was actually killed by Pytel and not the other way around, a fact he took advantage of to trick his father's faction into action. The plan however took yet another unexpected turn when, surprising the attacker of the Domus and shooting him down with a barrage of missiles, he was horrified to discover he had just killed his own father. Meanwhile, approximately a thousand years later, Akyta was herself met with a defeat as the Ophan, upon critically malfunctioning, activated the Project's self-destruct system, detonating the facility and killing the Enkie slaves, effectively eradicating the entire Enkie race.  The "alternate" narrative is more of an alternate ending: following his father Ronotra Koss' death by his own hands, Argus starts devising a plan of his own to exact revenge on the Empire: using his knowledge of past events and the Project equipment, he traveled forward in time to before Akyta could destroy the Ophan, having her travel 4200 years into the past and saving her life before destroying the facility himself (and dying in the process). Sine Mora ends with the same opening cinematic, revealing Argus as the pilot of the King Cobalt: however, Akyta is revealed to be pregnant, and to have given birth to none other than Enki himself, thus bringing the entire story full circle.

Development and marketing.

"Sine Mora" was announced August 18, 2010. It was developed via a partnership between Grasshopper Manufacture and Digital Reality. Grasshopper was responsible for the art direction and sound design, while Digital Reality handled the 3D assets, programming, story and game design. The game is available on both the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 via their respective downloadable networks.  The art style for the game is diesel punk inspired. The boss battles for the game were initially designed in large part by Mahiro Maeda, an anime artist known for his work on "The Animatrix", "Kill Bill", and "Neon Genesis Evangelion". Gez Fry directed the game's art and designed the characters, with input from Yoshiro Kimura. The characters were designed as humanoid animals due to Fry's impression that the game was "not crazy enough." "Our characters were originally human characters" stated Theodore Reiker, Creative Director at Digital Reality. "One day he approached me with the idea of having anthropomorphic characters — animals."  Reiker cited several bullet hell shooters, such as "Battle Garegga", "Einhänder", and "Under Defeat" as influences for the game. ""Sine Mora" is our tribute to the amazing games that we played over the last 30 years" said Reiker. The designers originally voiced the characters in Hungarian as a placeholder for other languages, however the idea appealed to them so much that they kept the language and provided translations via subtitles for non-Hungarian speaking players. Akira Yamaoka of Grasshoper Manufacture, best known for his music in the "Silent Hill" series, scored the game's music. Yamaoka was inspired by 1970s electronic music and used that to create the score to match the diesel-punk setting. Of the soundtrack he stated, "I had to create something that would be worthy for this game as well as sound that could actually enhance the game when matched with the visuals."  Digital Reality held a contest where fans could guess the game's release date. Those who guessed correctly would get a chance to receive a free copy of the game. The winner was determined from a lottery based on the score a team member had while playing through the game. "Sine Mora" was shown at Gamescom and Penny Arcade Expo (PAX). T-shirts and other promotional merchandise were given away at PAX. Contests for the merchandise were also conducted via the game's official Facebook page.  Prior to the E3 2012 convention, it was announced that "Sine Mora" will also be released on the PlayStation Vita. This version contains a new hero, Wilhelmine Muller, coming from the world of "Under Defeat", with a new weapon and chromosomes. It was later announced that the game will be available for the PlayStation 3 as well.  On July 16, 2013 the game has been released on iOS via the iTunes Store by developer Pocket Scientists. Android and Amazon Kindle Fire versions will follow.

Reception.

"Sine Mora" received generally favorable reviews from critics. It currently holds a score of 84.93% at aggregate website GameRankings, while fellow aggregate site Metacritic reports a score of 85/100. The highest score, an approval rating of 95%, came from Chris Carter of Gamer Limit, while the lowest score of 60% approval was shared by the reviewer from Gameblog.Fr and Simon Campanello of Eurogamer Sweden. The majority of reviews rated the game with an 80% approval rating or higher.  Several of "Sine Mora"s gameplay mechanics were praised by critics. Daemon Hatfield of IGN praised the variety of modes, particularly the game's Boss Training mode, which he felt would prove useful to serious players. Richard Mitchell of Joystiq praised the game's time-based mechanics in particular. He felt that it gives "players a new spin on an age-old formula." GamesRadar's Sterling McGarvey felt that the game was challenging yet fun. He also gave high marks for the gameplay and presentation during boss fights. VideoGamer.com's Sinan Kubba also praised the boss fights, citing the multiple attack sequences and 3D transitions as high points.  The game's plot was confusing for some reviewers. IGN's Daemon Hatfield stated that he found the story "hard to follow." Dan Whitehead, reviewer for Eurogamer, agreed that the story was difficult to follow. He also felt that there were instances where the player had too much text to read, and this made following the story more difficult. Joystiq's Richard Mitchell noted, however, that understanding the story is not essential to enjoying the game. "Sine Mora"s visuals received generally high marks. Daemon Hatfield of IGN noted that the game is detailed enough that players "can see each individual shell drop from [their] ship as you fire". Eurogamer's Dan Whitehead called the game "perhaps the most visually stunning shooter ever made".

The game was well received by critics, with aggregate scores of 84.05% at GameRankings and 83/100 at Metacritic, two video game review aggregators. Critics found the story confusing, but praised the overall gameplay. Specifically the shoot 'em up mechanic, time-based mechanic and boss battles received high marks. Reviewers also lauded the game's visuals.

Sine Mora est un jeu vidéo de type "shoot 'em up" développé par Grasshopper Manufacture et Digital Reality, sorti à partir de 2012 sur PlayStation Network (PlayStation 3 et PlayStation Vita), Xbox Live Arcade (Xbox 360) et Windows.