Early career.

Sloukas began playing club basketball as a youth, with Megas Alexandros Thessaloniki.Then he moved to the Mandoulides School youth teams, in Thessaloniki, Greece.

Professional career.

Olympiacos Piraeus.

Sloukas joined the Greek Basket League power Olympiacos Piraeus, in the year 2008. He then spent the 2008–09 and 2009–10 seasons with the club. He made his debut in Greece's top-tier level Basket League, during the 2008–09 season, and made his debut in Europe's top-tier level, the EuroLeague, during the 2009–10 season. He also won the Greek Cup title with Olympiacos, in 2010.

Aris Thessaloniki loan.

Sloukas was loaned by Olympiacos, to the Greek club Aris Thessaloniki, in 2010. While a member of Aris, he was named the Greek Basket League's Best Young Player of the Greek Basket League 2010–11 season. With Aris, he also played in Europe's second-tier level competition, the EuroCup, during the same season.

Back to Olympiacos Piraeus.

After spending the 2010–11 season with Aris, on loan from Olympiacos, Sloukas returned to Olympiacos for the 2011–12 season. With Olympiacos, he went on to win both the 2012 Greek League championship, and the 2012 EuroLeague championship. He then signed a 3-year contract extension with Olympiacos, in June 2012.  With Olympiacos, Sloukas also won the 2013 EuroLeague championship, and the 2013 FIBA Intercontinental Cup championship. In his last season with Olympiacos, Sloukas was selected to the Greek League Best Five team, and he also played in the 2015 EuroLeague Finals.

Fenerbahçe İstanbul.

On June 29, 2015, Sloukas signed a three-year contract (with the 3rd year being optional) with the Turkish Super League club Fenerbahçe İstanbul. With Fenerbahçe, he made it to the 2016 EuroLeague Finals, and then won the 2017 EuroLeague championship. In the summer of 2017, Sloukas signed a new 3-year contract with Fenerbahçe (with the 3rd year being optional), at a salary of €1.7 million euros net income per season.  Sloukas played in his third straight EuroLeague Finals with Fenerbahçe, as the club also made it to the 2018 EuroLeague Finals, where they eventually lost to Real Madrid, by a score of 85–80. During the 2017–18 EuroLeague season, Sloukas averaged career-highs of 10 points, 2.5 rebounds, and 5.4 assists per game, in 35 games played.  As a member of Fenerbahçe, Sloukas also won three Turkish Super League championships (2016, 2017, 2018), the Turkish Cup (2016), and two Turkish President's Super Cups (2016, 2017). On 25 April 2019, Sloukas, was the star yet again for the Turkish side as he finished the game with a double-double, 25 points, 10 assists, 5 rebounds, and 4 steals against BC Žalgiris helping his club to win the series with an aggregate 3-1 to secure a place in the FInal-4 for a fifth consecutive season. Sloukas has qualified for seven Final-4's in his career, with all seven appearances coming in the last eight seasons.

National team career.

Greek junior national team.

With Greece's junior national teams, Sloukas won the silver medal at the 2007 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship, and the gold medal at the 2008 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship, where he was also voted to the All-Tournament Team. He also won the silver medal at the 2009 FIBA Under-19 World Cup, and the gold medal at the 2009 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship. He also won the silver medal at the 2010 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship with Greece's junior national team.

Greek senior national team.

Sloukas became a member of the senior men's Greek national basketball team in 2011. With Greece's senior men's national team, he has played at the following tournaments: the EuroBasket 2011, the EuroBasket 2013, the 2014 FIBA World Cup, the EuroBasket 2015, and the EuroBasket 2017. He also played at the 2019 FIBA World Cup qualification.

Personal life.

Sloukas is nicknamed, "Slouky Luke" (pronounced Slucky Luke) or the "man who shoots and passes faster than his shadow", which is a word play on his name and the Lucky Luke character.

Konstantinos "Kostas" Sloukas (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος "Κώστας" Σλούκας; born January 15, 1990) is a Greek professional basketball player for Fenerbahçe of the BSL and the EuroLeague, who is a regular member of the senior National Team of Greece. He is a left-handed, 1.90 m (6'2 ") tall point guard, who can also play at the shooting guard position.

Konstantinos „Kostas“ Sloukas (, * 15. Januar 1990 in Thermi) ist ein griechischer Basketballspieler, der bei einer Körpergröße von 1,90 m auf den Positionen des Point Guards bzw. des Shooting Guards eingesetzt werden kann.


History.

The house of Neville held the manor of Raby from the 13th century, and although the family had no formal title, from 1295 they were summoned to Parliament as Barons of Raby;  Ralph Neville, 1st Baron Neville de Raby, was the first to be summoned to Parliament. His heir, John Neville (1299/1300–1335), became a member of Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster's household, beginning the family's link with the Earls of Lancaster. Raby was the family's caput, their seat of power, and there may have been a fortified house on the site of the present building from around 1300. In the second half of the 14th century the Nevilles began rebuilding several of their properties in northern England, including Raby Castle between roughly 1367 and 1390. In the closing years of the century the Nevilles were becoming one of the most powerful families in northern England, comparable to the House of Percy, who had been made Earls of Northumberland in 1377.  In 1378 Thomas Hatfield Bishop of Durham granted John de Neville a licence to fortify his property at Raby. John died in 1388 and was succeeded by his son, Ralph. Almost nothing of the family's papers survive from this period so there is little documentary evidence of Raby Castle's construction. The dating is based mostly on architectural details. In the words of historian Anthony Emery, the work "converted it from a defendable house into a palace-fortress".  Ralph was created Earl of Westmorland on 29 September 1397 by Richard II as a reward for his loyalty in the face of political unrest. However his family's traditional association with the Earls of Lancaster meant that when Henry Bolingbroke of the House of Lancaster invaded in July 1399 Neville sided with Bolingbroke. Neville helped persuade Richard II to abdicate and Henry was crowned as Henry IV. Neville was made Earl Marshal of England on the day of Henry's coronation and a Knight of the Order of the Garter in 1403.  Henry Neville, 5th Earl of Westmorland, died in 1564 and was succeeded by his son, Charles. The Nevilles were Catholics and Charles was one of the leaders of the failed Rising of the North in 1569 against England's Protestant Queen Elizabeth I. Owing to the severity of the threat to the Crown, more than 800 rebels were executed and Charles Neville and Thomas Percy (Earl of Westmorland and another leader of the rebellion) fled into exile. In 1571 an attainder was issued against Neville and his lands were forfeited to the Crown. After the Rising of the North the castle became the property of the Crown for more than forty-three years before being bought by Henry Vane the Elder. He was impressed by the size and lands, contrasting with Barnard Castle, which was hemmed in by the surrounding town. The House of Vane was responsible for much of the modernising of the castle, especially the interior. This included renovation of the medieval chapel and drawing room.  The family drove a carriageway though the castle, causing much damage to its medieval fabric. Architect William Burn carried out alterations to Raby Castle between 1843 and 1848, including adding new roofs to the great hall and the chapel and adding a drawing room to one of the towers in Jacobean style. The present family is responsible for the great collection of art in the castle.  On 17 March 1849, William the then Prince of Orange, succeeded to the throne of the Netherlands. He was at that moment a guest of the Duchess of Cleveland in Raby Castle.  In 1890 the former 4th Duke of Cleveland died, leaving the line of succession to the castle and its vast estates unclear. The case was decided in 1891 when the Committee of Privileges of the House of Lords deemed his relative, Henry de Vere Vane, to be the 9th Baron Barnard and inheritor of the vast estates of Raby. He did not, however, inherit the title of Duke of Cleveland, which became extinct.  Raby Castle is open to the public every year between May and September and at Easter. In 2007/08 about 26,000 people visited the castle.

Layout.

Raby Castle has an irregular plan, with nine towers along its perimeter. The main entrance was in the west through the four-storey Neville Gateway. Access to the gatehouse was via a drawbridge, since replaced by a flagged causeway. The gatehouse originally contained three portcullises, as is shown by the still-visible grooves used to work them. Two smaller towers beside the gatehouse have no defensive function and were added during the renovations of Henry Vane, 2nd Earl of Darlington.  Access to the gatehouse is via a door through the curtain wall, which rose to a height of thirty feet from the waters of the moat. It is strengthened periodically by buttress towers and formed the second line of defence, the moat being the first. The passage along the parapet was the ancient chemin de ronde ("allure") on which guards were posted. Similar passages can be found at York Castle and around the city of Oxford. The castle buildings surround a central courtyard. Forming its east side is the great hall, also known as the Baron's Hall. The interiors of the medieval kitchen and keep are mostly intact.

Art.

The castle is famous for its works of art, mostly collected by the Vane Family, including old masters and family portraits. Noted artists whose work is in the castle's collection include Giordano, Van Dyck and Sir Joshua Reynolds. The Small Drawing Room has a fine collection of sporting paintings, reflecting the interests of the family, including works by Ben Marshall, Henry Bernard Chalon and Sir Alfred Munnings, among others.  There are some fine paintings in the library, including two architectural capriccios, one by Marco and Sebastiano Ricci and the other by Antonio Joli. A number of portraits include two paintings by Sir Peter Lely of Lady Mary Sackville and Louise de Kerouaille, a portrait of William Bankes by Pompeo Batoni and others of the family, including Sir Henry Vane the Elder and Sir Henry Vane the Younger, the latter at one time Governor of Massachusetts.  The pictures in the ante-library are chiefly of the Dutch and Flemish schools of painting and include works by Pieter de Hooch and David Teniers the Younger. The dining room contains some of the castle's most impressive paintings, including works by Sir Joshua Reynolds and Sir Anthony van Dyck. The paintings in this room are mostly portraits of members of the family or associates.

Raby Castle () is a medieval castle located near Staindrop in County Durham, England, among of deer park. It was built by John Neville, 3rd Baron Neville de Raby, between approximately 1367 and 1390. Cecily Neville, the mother of the Kings Edward IV and Richard III, was born here. After Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland, led the failed Rising of the North in favour of Mary, Queen of Scots in 1569 Raby Castle was taken into royal custody. Sir Henry Vane the Elder purchased Raby Castle in 1626 and neighbouring Barnard Castle from the Crown, and the Earls of Darlington and Dukes of Cleveland added a Gothic-style entrance hall and octagonal drawing room. From 1833 to 1891 they were the Dukes of Cleveland and they retain the title of Lord Barnard. Extensive alterations were carried out in the 17th and 18th centuries. It is famed for both its size and its art, including works by old masters and portraits. After 1733 it was frequented from his young age of eleven by the poet Christopher Smart, who eloped briefly at the age of thirteen with Anne Vane, daughter of Henry Vane, who succeeded to the Barnard title. It is a Grade I listed building and open to the public on a seasonal basis.

Raby Castle ist eine mittelalterliche Burg beim Dorf "Staindrop" im englischen County Durham. Sie liegt inmitten eines 81 Hektar großen Rehparks. John Neville, 3. Baron Neville de Raby, ließ sie ungefähr 1367–1390 erbauen. Cecily Neville, die Mutter der Könige Eduard IV. und Richard III., wurde hier geboren. Nachdem Charles Neville, 6. Earl of Westmorland, 1569 die gescheiterte Revolution Rising of the North für Maria Stuart angeführt hatte, wurde Raby Castle unter königlichen Schutz gestellt.


History.

There are several different stories relating to the creation and history of the Rain Queens of Balobedu. One story states that an old chief in 16th century Monomotapa (South eastern Zimbabwe), was told by his ancestors that by impregnating his daughter, Dzugundini, she would gain rain-making skills. Another story involves a scandal in the same chief's house, in which the chief's son impregnated Dzugundini. Dzugundini was held responsible and was forced to flee the village. Dzugundini ended up in Molototsi Valley, which is in the present day Balobedu Kingdom. The village she established with her loyal followers was ruled by a Mugudo, a male leader, but the peace and harmony of the village was disrupted by rivalries between different families; therefore, to pacify the land, Mugudo impregnated his own daughter in order to restore the tribe's matrilineal tradition. She gave birth to the first Rain Queen, known as Modjadji, which means: "ruler of the day".

Customs.

According to custom, the Rain Queen must shun public functions, and can only communicate with her people through her male or female councillors.  Every November she presides over the annual Rainmaking ceremony at her royal compound in Khetlhakone Village.  She is not supposed to marry, but has many "wives", as they are referred to in the Balobedu language. These are not spouses in the usual sense of the word; as a queen regnant, she has the equivalent of royal court servants, or ladies-in-waiting), sent from many villages all over the Balobedu Kingdom. These wives were selected by The Queen's Royal Council and in general are from the households of the subject chiefs. This ritual of "bride giving" is strictly a form of diplomacy to ensure loyalty to the Queen.  The Rain Queen's mystical rain making powers are believed to be reflected in the lush garden which surrounds her royal compound. Surrounded by parched land, her garden contains the world's largest cycad trees which are in abundance under a spectacular rain belt. One species of cycad, the Modjadji cycad, is named after the Rain Queen.  The Rain Queen is a prominent figure in South Africa, many communities respecting her position and, historically, attempting to avoid conflict in deference thereto. Even Shaka Zulu of Zululand sent his top emissaries to ask her for her blessings. The fifth Rain Queen, Mokope Modjadji, maintained cordial relations with Nelson Mandela.  The Rain Queen has become a figure of interest, she and the royal institution becoming a significant tourist attraction contributing to the South African economy. The Rain Queen was offered an annual government civil list. The stipend was also expected to help defray the costs of preserving the cycad trees found in the Rain Queen's gardens.

Makobo Modjadji.

Rain Queen Makobo Constance Modjadji VI (1978 – 12 June 2005) was the sixth in a line of the Balobedu people's Rain Queens. Makobo was crowned on 16 April 2003, at the age of 25, after the death of her predecessor and grandmother, Queen Mokope Modjadji. This made her the youngest queen in the history of the Balobedu.  Makobo was admitted into the Limpopo Medi-Clinic for an undisclosed illness on 10 June 2005 and died two days later, at the age of 27. The official cause of death was listed as chronic meningitis. She is survived by a son, Prince Lekukela Hex(b. 1997), and a daughter, Princess Masalanabo (b. February 2005).

Succession.

The Rain Queen's official mates are chosen by the Royal Council, so that all of her children will be of dynastic status, from which future Rain Queens may descend. However, the Rain Queens are not expected to remain in exclusive relations with these partners. In the past, the Rain Queen was allowed to have children only by her close relatives.  Perhaps uniquely, the Balobedu crown descends according to matrilineal primogeniture: her eldest daughter is always her successor, so the title of Rain Queen is normally passed from mother to daughter. It is said that she ingests poison when she is near death so that her daughter will assume the crown more quickly. Lately, however, many traditions have been abandoned, influenced by Christian missionaries. Because Makobo's daughter, Princess Masalanabo, was fathered by a commoner, traditionalists are not likely to accept her as the rightful successor to the throne. Therefore, there are worries that the 400-year-old Rain Queen dynasty may be coming to an end. No new Rain Queen has been enthroned since Makobo died.  Makobo's brother Prince Mpapatla has been designated regent for Masalanabo. However, Mpapatla has a daughter by his cousin, a woman from the royal Modjadji line, and a group of members of the Royal Council has indicated a preference for Mpapatla's daughter to succeed as Rain Queen. Mpapatla, however, has insisted that his late sister's daughter, Princess Masalanabo, will be enthroned as the queen when she turns 18.  A male branch of the extended royal clan has also petitioned the South African president to restore the male line of the Balobedu royal house, which reigned before 1800. This entreaty is considered unlikely to be granted, inasmuch as the Rain Queen heritage is recognised as a national cultural legacy and interest in it has stimulated significant tourist trade.

In popular culture.

The second Rain Queen, Masalanabo Modjadji is said to have been the inspiration for H. Rider Haggard's novel "She: A History of Adventure".  The Marvel comics character Storm is a fictional descendant of the dynasty that produces the Rain Queens through the line of the Sorceress Supreme Ashake.

External links.

There's a Foundation and Awards founded by : Dr Tebogo Mokope Modjadji-Kekana ( 2015...)

The Modjadji, or Rain Queen, is the hereditary queen of Balobedu, a people of the Limpopo Province of South Africa. The succession to the position of Rain Queen is matrilineal, so her eldest daughter is the heir, and males are not entitled to inherit the throne at all. The Rain Queen is believed to have special powers, including the ability to control the clouds and rainfall.

Die Regenkönigin ist die als "Modjadji" („die Frau, die der Sonne gehört“) bezeichnete Herrscherin des Balobedu-Stammes (auch Lobedu-Volk genannt), der zur Nord-Sotho-Sprachgruppe in der südafrikanischen Provinz Limpopo gehört und in der Gegend um Modjadjiskloof nördlich von Tzaneen lebt. Der Titel wird matrilinear nur an Töchter weitergegeben. Die Königin soll über regenverursachende Kräfte verfügen, die sie jeweils an ihre Nachfolgerin weitergibt.


History.

The Art Center traces its roots to 1916, when the Des Moines Association of Fine Arts established gallery space at the Public Library of Des Moines on the banks of the Des Moines River downtown. Several exhibitions were shown each year, and works of art were periodically purchased for the association's permanent collection. In 1938, the DMAF moved their collection to a building on Walnut Street. Planning for a permanent building began in 1943 after a sizeable donation from the trust of James D. Edmundson. In 1945, DMAF evolved into the Des Moines Art Center. A site along Grand Avenue in the city's Greenwood Park was designated as the preferred location. Construction began in 1945; the museum itself opened in 1948, with additional wings constructed in 1968 and 1985.  In 2009, the Art Center expanded its mission to operate the Pappajohn Sculpture Park, located in Western Gateway Park downtown.

Collection.

Artists included in the permanent collection are Edward Hopper, Jasper Johns, Andy Warhol, Henri Matisse, Claude Monet, Francis Bacon, Georgia O'Keeffe, Gerhard Richter, Claes Oldenburg, Mary Cassatt, Auguste Rodin, Grant Wood, Deborah Butterfield, Paul Gauguin, Eva Hesse, Ronnie Landfield, Roy Lichtenstein, George Segal, Mark Rothko, John Singer Sargent, Joseph Cornell and Takashi Murakami.  Some paintings from the collection are well known examples of the artist and/or movement they represent. These include Edward Hopper's "Automat" from 1927, which was reproduced on a postage stamp as well as used for a cover of "Time", Stanton MacDonald Wright's "Synchromy" which has been reproduced in numerous texts about the artist/movement, Francis Bacon's "Portrait of Pope Innocent" from 1953 which likewise is considered a signature work by the artist and appeared in Robert Hughes "Shock of the New" BBC series in the early 1980s.

Facilities.

A large main gallery rotates through several exhibitions throughout the year, most of which are featured from one to three months at a time. These shows include solo shows by internationally recognized artists, travelling shows from other institutions, and group shows organized around a theme. The rest of the museum space highlights the permanent collections in various ways, including small spaces for short-term print and photography shows, a video gallery, and long-term installations organized both chronologically and thematically. Included on the grounds are outdoor sculptures and a rose garden. An external reflecting pool is surrounded on all sides by the museum.  The architecture of the original museum wing was designed in a combination of Art Nouveau and Art Deco styles by Eliel Saarinen in 1945 and completed in 1948.  The second addition, originally intended for large-scale sculpture, was designed in a Modernist style by I.M. Pei in 1966 and completed in 1968. Legend says that Pei designed the south windows, which look out onto the rose garden, to resemble "PEI", but he has denied this.  The third wing was designed by Richard Meier and completed in 1985. This wing was designed to allow as much natural ambient light in as possible.  The Art Center also includes a restaurant and a gift shop. Workshops, film festivals and lectures are conducted on a regular basis through the museums large studio program, with classes available for students of all ages. Museum hours are Tuesday, Wednesday, and Friday from 11am to 4pm, Thursday from 11am to 9pm, Saturday from 10am to 4pm, and Sunday from noon to 4pm. Admission is free.

The Des Moines Art Center is an art museum with an extensive collection of paintings, sculpture, modern art and mixed media. It was established in 1948 in Des Moines, Iowa.

Das Des Moines Art Center ist ein Kunstmuseum in Des Moines (Iowa). Eröffnet 1948, umfasst es eine umfangreiche Sammlung von Gemälden, Skulpturen und Mixed Media.


History.

The Atlantic and Gulf Railroad went bankrupt on January 1, 1877, and Henry Plant bought it on November 4, 1879, reorganizing it as the Savannah, Florida and Western Railway on December 9.  Plant bought the Savannah and Charleston Railroad (opened 1860) in 1880, reorganizing it as the Charleston and Savannah Railway. That acquisition extended the line from Savannah northeast to Charleston, South Carolina, where the Ashley River Railroad (operated by the C&S) connected to the Northeastern Railroad (later part of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad main line).  The Waycross and Florida Railroad and East Florida Railway were chartered in February 1880, forming the Georgia and Florida parts of the "Waycross Short Line". That line, running from the main line at Waycross southeast to Jacksonville, Florida, opened in April 1881.  In 1882, the Chattahoochee Branch opened from Climax on the main line southwest to the Florida state line, where the Chattahoochee and East Pass Railroad (chartered 1881) continued to River Junction, Florida, a hamlet which later came to be known as Chattahoochee, Florida. At River Junction, the Louisville and Nashville Railroad's Pensacola and Atlantic Railroad continued west, and the Florida Central and Western Railroad ran east to Jacksonville.  The Live Oak and Rowland's Bluff Railroad and Live Oak, Tampa and Charlotte Harbor Railroad were chartered in 1881 to continue the short Florida Branch south from Live Oak further into Florida (eventually reaching Gainesville with a branch to Lake City). Plant tried to acquire the narrow gauge Florida Southern Railway to continue this line, but was unsuccessful, and on May 4, 1883 he bought 3/5 of the stock of the narrow gauge South Florida Railroad. At the time, the only connection between this system, with a main line from Sanford west to Tampa, was via steamboats on the St. Johns River from Jacksonville to Sanford.  The Plant Investment Company was formed in 1882 to lease and buy other railroads and expand the system.  The various lines of the SF&W were consolidated into one company in 1884. Specifically, the following companies lost their corporate existence:  The Brunswick and Western Railroad, opened in the late 1850s as the Brunswick and Florida Railroad, was bought by Plant in 1884.  In 1886, the system was changed to ; it had previously consisted of broad gauge lines and narrow gauge lines.

Expansion into Alabama and central Florida.

In 1887 the Green Pond, Walterboro and Branchville Railway opened as a short branch of the main line to Walterboro, South Carolina. The Walterborough and Western Railroad continued that line to Ehrhardt in 1896, and the two were merged into the Green Pond, Walterboro and Branchville Railroad in 1900.  On May 30, 1887, Florida state law chapter 3794 was approved, authorizing the SF&W to build lines from Tallahassee and Monticello north to the Georgia state line, connecting to branches from Thomasville, Georgia. The Tallahassee Branch was never built, but the Monticello Branch opened in 1888.  Plant obtained a controlling interest in the Alabama Midland Railway in July 1890. That line continued the main line from Bainbridge west to Montgomery, Alabama. The Southwestern Alabama Railway and Abbeville Southern Railway, two branches of that line, were acquired in the 1890s.  In 1890, the narrow gauge Florida Southern Railway went into receivership and remained so for two years. During this time, its Charlotte Harbor branch operated independently and converted this portion of the line to. In 1892, Plant bought the Florida Southern Railway under foreclosure and reorganized it as the Florida Southern Railroad. At this time, the Florida Southern system stretched from the south end of the Plant System at Gainesville south via Ocala, using trackage rights over the South Florida Railroad's Pemberton Ferry Branch, to Punta Gorda. The Florida Southern Railroad was integrated with the rest of the Plant System in 1896 and was converted to that same year.  The Silver Springs, Ocala and Gulf Railroad was chartered in 1877 and opened in 1892, running from Ocala west to Dunnellon and then south to Homosassa and Inverness. A connection was built from Inverness to the South Florida Railroad at Pemberton Ferry.  The Winston and Bone Valley Railroad, opened in 1892 to serve phosphate mines near Lakeland, became part of the Plant System in 1896.  The Tampa and Thonotosassa Railroad was incorporated in 1893, running northeast from the South Florida Railroad in Tampa to the small town of Thonotosassa.  In 1895, Plant bought the narrow gauge Sanford and St. Petersburg Railroad (previously the Orange Belt Railway) in 1895, which stretched across the state from Sanford to St. Petersburg. The most profitable section of this line was immediately converted to, leaving the remaining section from Trilby to Sanford in its original gauge. The Florida Midland Railway in the Orlando area was acquired in 1896, its line north of the Sanford and St. Petersburg Railroad was abandoned, and its remaining track from Sanford to Kissimmee was converted to narrow gauge. By keeping these two connecting lines the same narrow gauge, they were able to work in conjunction with one another, utilizing the same narrow gauge equipment from both the Sanford and St. Petersburg Railroad and the recently converted Florida Southern Railroad.  In 1899, the Jacksonville, Tampa and Key West Railway, except for the branch to Titusville (which had been sold to the Florida East Coast Railway), was reorganized and bought by Plant as the Jacksonville and St. Johns River Railway. This supplied a connection between Jacksonville and Sanford without the need for a steamboat transfer at each end, as well as system connections at Tavares and Palatka.  The Plant System built the nearly straight Folkston Cutoff in southeast Georgia in 1901. This ran from the old Waycross and Florida Railroad at Folkston north via Nahunta to Jesup on the SF&W mainline, allowing trains to bypass Waycross and save over the old route.  In 1901, the Green Pond, Walterboro and Branchville Railroad, the Ashley River Railroad, the Abbeville Southern Railway; and Southern Alabama Railroad were all consolidated into the Savannah, Florida and Western Railway.  In 1901, the following companies were also merged into the SF&W:  In 1902 the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad acquired the entire Plant System, connecting at Charleston, SC. The components were soon merged into the ACL. The system has since become part of CSX after several mergers.

Steamship Lines.

Associated with the railroad were the Plant Steamship Line and Canada Atlantic and Plant Steamship Co., Ltd., both with Henry B. Plant as chief officer. The Tampa, Florida based steamships served Cuba by way of Key West, Mobile, Alabama, and two local routes. The Canada Atlantic and Plant Steamship Co., Ltd., with no direct company terminal as at Tampa, served Boston and Canadian points at Halifax, Cape Breton and Prince Edward Island. Advertising touted "Plant Steamship Line — Ships ply between the ports of 3 great nations: United States (Port Tampa, Key West, Mobile, Boston), England (Dominion of Canada), Spain (Cuba)."

The Plant System named after its owner, Henry B. Plant, was a system of railroads and steamboats in the U.S. South, taken over by the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad in 1902. The original line of the system was the Savannah, Florida and Western Railway, running across southern Georgia. The Plant Investment Company was formed in 1882 to lease and buy other railroads and expand the system. Other major lines incorporated into the system include the Savannah and Charleston Railroad and the Brunswick and Western Railroad.

Das Plant System war ein Netzwerk aus Eisenbahn- und Dampfschifffahrtslinien in den Südstaaten der USA, das sich gegen Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts zuerst über Teile Georgias, später vor allem auch über große Teile Floridas erstreckte. Das Netz wurde nach seinem Eigentümer, dem Eisenbahnmagnaten Henry Bradley Plant, benannt.


Early years.

Thomas Kay was born on February 28, 1864, in Trenton, New Jersey, to Thomas Lister and Ann (née Slingsbey) Kay. His father had already moved to Oregon before the younger Thomas was born. After the younger Thomas was born, his mother and the rest of the family immigrated to Oregon via the Isthmus of Panama route, arriving in 1864. The whole family settled in Brownsville where the elder Thomas was a partner in a woolen mill.  The younger Thomas Kay grew up in Brownsville and attended the local schools. When he was nine years old he started working at his father's mill as a spooler, and remained until age 14. Kay then moved to McMinnville and spent three years studying at the Baptist College (now Linfield College). He then left college in 1883 and returned to working for the mill, but at the mill's Portland store.  Kay returned to McMinnville in 1884 where started working in the apparel business, forming the partnership of Bishop & Kay. Bishop left the partnership after four years and the company became Kay & Todd. Kay was married in McMinnville on January 15, 1888, to Cora M. Wallace, and they had three children. In 1895, he started working for his father's new woolen mill in Salem as a salesperson. He also served for four years in the state militia.  In 1897, Kay traveled to New York City for the mill, and returned the next year. That year he sold his stake in the clothing company and moved to Salem where he took the position of assistant manager at the mill along with his sales position. In 1900, his father died, and Kay became the president of the Thomas Kay Woolen Mill, a position he would hold until his own death.

Political career.

Kay started his political career in local politics in McMinnville where he served on the city council and school board. In 1902, he was elected to the Oregon House of Representatives as a Republican to a two-year term. He represented district 1 that included Marion County, and was the chairman of the ways and means committee. Kay was re-elected to a second term in the house in 1904 and served through the 1905 legislative session. During the 1905 session he lost out on being Speaker of the House by a single vote to A. L. Mills. In 1906, Kay was elected to a four-year term in the Oregon State Senate. He again represented district 1 as a Republican, and served through the 1909 special session of the Oregon Legislative Assembly.  Kay did not run for re-election to the Senate in 1910, and instead was the Republican nominee for Oregon State Treasurer. He won the November election for a four-year term and took office on January 4, 1911. After re-election in 1914, he served a second full-term, leaving office on January 6, 1919. He was at times mentioned as a candidate for governor as well as the United States Senate.  He returned to state politics in 1920 and was elected back to the Oregon House, again representing district 1. Kay served his full two-year term, won re-election in 1922, and served through the 1923 legislative session. In 1924, he was again elected as state treasurer and took office on January 4, 1925. Kay won re-election to a fourth term in the office in 1928 and served until his death in office in 1931. His 14 years in the office are the longest of any treasurer in Oregon history.

Later years.

Kay was a member of several fraternal societies including the Masons as a member of the Knights Templar, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, Salem Commercial Club, and the Woodmen of the World. Additionally, he was on the board of directors of the YMCA, the Illihee Club, the Portland Manufacturers' Association, and at Willamette University in Salem. He also served as director of Oregon's chamber of commerce and president of the state's board of trade. Thomas Benjamin Kay died on April 29, 1931, at the age of 67.

Thomas Benjamin Kay (February 28, 1864 – April 29, 1931) was an American politician and businessman in the state of Oregon. A native of New Jersey, he moved to Oregon with his family at the age of one where he later took over the family's woolen mill business. A Republican, he served in both houses of the Oregon Legislative Assembly and four terms as the Oregon State Treasurer, the longest of anyone in that office's history.

Thomas Benjamin Kay (* 28. Februar 1864 in Trenton, New Jersey; † 29. April 1931 in Salem, Oregon) war ein US-amerikanischer Geschäftsmann und Politiker (Republikanische Partei).


Plot.

Two men are out hunting in the French countryside, the narrator and Serval. The latter tells the story of the Savage family: the father was killed by police with a gunshot to the head. Serval goes on to tell the story of Old Mother Savage and her son, who volunteered at age 33 to fight in the war. Mother Savage, isolated far from the village and "known to have money" is assigned to quarter four young Prussian soldiers. The men do chores around the house as if it were their own. Mother Savage continually asks the young men about the French 23rd Regiment of the Line, where her son is on the front, but the young Prussians know nothing.  Later, the postman gives Mother Savage a letter from one of her son's comrades-in-arms which informs her of her son's death. The Prussians bring home a live rabbit for a meal, which Mother Savage has difficulty killing. As she finishes the preparation of the meal, she asks the young men for their names and home addresses. Mother Savage does not partake in the meal, and as they finish dinner, she insists on providing the young soldiers with hay to make their stay in the loft more comfortable. After the soldiers fall asleep, Mother Savage removes the ladder from the loft and starts a fire in the fireplace, which does not rage out of control until she stokes the fire with more hay. Mother Savage stands outside with her son's rifle to make sure the Prussians cannot escape. She hears their "clamor of human screams" and stands guard. Then when she is sure the Prussians are dead, she throws the rifle into the fire, and one loud shot goes off.  The other villagers and soldiers rush to her home, and a German officer interrogates Mother Savage. She informs him that the soldiers were in the fire and that she started the fire. She hands the officer the list of names and addresses she had gathered and is immediately pushed against her home and shot "almost in two", with the letter informing her of her son's death bloody in her hand.

Analysis of narrator.

The story is written from the perspective of the narrator, who retells the Mother Savage story as told by his friend Serval. Influenced by Gustave Flaubert, Guy de Maupassant writes in the realist style which focuses on objective reality and "shows" instead of "tells".

Setting.

The story is set during the winter of 1871 midway through the Franco-Prussian War in a quaint village in the French countryside. Snow covers the fields, and the forest lurks ominously, void of life. The countryside is dotted with small cottages emitting smoke from chimneys.

"Mother Savage" (original title: "La Mère Sauvage") is a short story by the French realist writer Guy de Maupassant. It was first published on 3 March 1884.

Die alte Sauvage (franz. "La Mère Sauvage") ist eine Novelle von Guy de Maupassant. Sie erschien erstmals am 3. März 1884 in "Le Gaulois".


Biography.

Butler was born in St. George's, Grenada, where he attended the Anglican School. Unable to find work after completing his primary school education, at 17 he became a volunteer in the British West Indies Regiment in World War I, serving in the British Army from 1914 to 1918, stationed in Egypt. Returning from military service at the end of the war in 1918, he became active in political pressure groups and workers unions, establishing the Grenada Representative Government Movement, and the Grenada Union of Returned Soldiers. In 1921, aged 24, he went to south Trinidad and was employed at the Roodal Oilfields as a pipe-fitter. He became influenced by the philosophy of Marcus Garvey, according to Garvey's son Dr Julius Garvey.  Butler first came to prominence in 1935 when he led a "hunger march" from the oilfields to Port of Spain. In 1936 he was expelled from the Trinidad Labour Party for his "extremist tendencies". He then formed the British Empire Citizens' and Workers' Home Rule Party. On 19 June 1937 a strike in protest of working conditions, wages, racism and exploitation began in the oilfields in the southern Trinidad. Police attempted to arrest Butler as he addressed a meeting in Fyzabad. His supporters prevented the police from doing so and Charlie King, a police officer was killed. The Labour riots of 1937 resulted in turmoil throughout the oilfields. When strikes spread to the sugar factories, the Colonial government responded by issuing an arrest warrant for Butler. Butler went into hiding and the colonial authorities were unable to locate him. He stayed in contact with the authorities through Adrian Cola Rienzi and although he was promised safe passage by the colonial authorities to testify at a commission of enquiry into the events of June 1937, he was arrested by the colonial government when he emerged to do so.  Butler was imprisoned from 9 September 1937 to May 1939. With the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, he was re-arrested and detained for the duration of the war. After release from prison he formed the Butler Home Rule Party, which later became the Butler Party. The Butler Party captured the largest block of seats in the Legislative Council, but the Governor chose to exclude Butler and instead Albert Gomes became the first Chief Minister.  In the 1956 General Elections the Butler Party only won two seats. Butler, the fiery radical, was deemed too unstable and threatening to the nation's economic well-being by Eric Williams and the People's National Movement.  Butler is looked upon as the founding father of the Oilfields Workers' Trade Union (OWTU) and the labour movement and is honoured with a statue in Fyzabad. He was awarded the Trinity Cross, the nation's highest honour, in 1970.

Tubal Uriah "Buzz" Butler (21 January 1897 – 20 February 1977), was a Grenadian-born Spiritual Baptist preacher and labour leader in Trinidad and Tobago. He is best known for leading a series of labour riots between 19 June and 6 July 1937 and for forming a series of personalist political parties (the British Empire Citizens' and Workers' Home Rule Party, the Butler Home Rule Party, and finally the Butler Party) that focused its platform on the improvement of the working class.

Tubal Uriah Butler (* 21. Januar 1897 in St. George’s; † 20. Februar 1977) war ein trinidadischer Politiker, Arbeiterführer und Prediger.


Biography.

Nikolai Vasilyevich Smirnov was born October 17, 1900 in Moscow into the family of a church clerk who was also employed as a clerk in the office of the Bolshoi Theater. He completed his gymnasium education during the First World War, during which he served in various medical units of the military.  After the October Revolution Smirnov joined the ranks of the Red Army. During this time he took an interest in philosophy and philology, which shaped his later interests in mathematics. It is suggested that Smirnov was influenced by the works of Velimir Khlebnikov, who had emphasized that the most fruitful results in arts and humanities could be achieved only after thoroughly understanding the natural sciences. According to the testimony of a friend, the artist S. P. Isakov, Smirnov, following this advice, entered Moscow State University after his discharge from the army in 1921 and focused his attention to the study of mathematics.  Smirnov graduated from the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics at Moscow State University, and, beginning in 1926, taught mathematics for many years at Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow City Pedagogical Institute, and Moscow State University. During this time, Smirnov narrowed his research foci to the fields of probability theory and mathematical statistics. Smirnov's initial period of research ended in 1938 with the defense of his doctoral dissertation "On approximation of the distribution laws of random variables" (Russian: Об аппроксимации законов распределения случайных величин), which served as the foundation for his work on nonparametric tests for which he was later renowned.  After his dissertation, Smirnov took up research with the Steklov Institute of Mathematics in 1938, where he worked for the remainder of his life. While at the institute he obtained new fundamental results in nonparametric statistics, and also studied the limit distributions of nonparametric criteria, the theory of large deviations, and the limit distributions for terms of variational series. For these series of works Smirnov was awarded the State Prize in 1951. In 1957 he was made the Head of Mathematical Statistics at the Steklov Institute.  In 1960 Smirnov was elected to the Academy of Sciences of the USSR as a corresponding member, in recognition for his contributions to the advancement of mathematical statistics.  Smirnov died on June 2, 1966. His sudden, unexpected death left him unable to complete his research in mathematical genetics, to which he had returned in the final years of his life with the intention to publish several works.

Contributions to Statistics.

Together with Andrey Kolmogorov, Smirnov developed the Kolmogorov–Smirnov criterion, sometimes called the Kolmogorov consent criterion, and participated in the creation of the Cramér–von Mises–Smirnov criterion.  Smirnov made great efforts to popularize and widely disseminate methods of mathematical statistics in the natural sciences and engineering. In the 1950s, he was one of the first Soviet mathematicians to compile modern manuals on the use of statistics in engineering. His textbooks and manuals on the practical application of probabilistic and statistical methods were used in the USSR and abroad. Together with L. N. Bolshev, Smirnov published a series of tables of various special functions most frequently used in probability theory and mathematical statistics, continuing the work started in the USSR by his colleague Eugen Slutsky, making important contributions to modern computational mathematics. In 1970, under the editorship of L. N. Bolshev, selected works of Smirnov were published.

Honours.

Smirnov received the State Prize of the USSR in 1951. In 1953 he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.

Nikolai Vasilyevich Smirnov () (17 October 1900 – 2 June 1966) was a Soviet Russian mathematician noted for his work in various fields including probability theory and statistics.

Nikolai Wassiljewitsch Smirnow,, englische Transkription Nikolai Vasilieyvich Smirnov, (* 17. Oktober 1900 in Moskau; † 2. Juni 1966 ebenda) war ein führender sowjetischer mathematischer Statistiker.


Location.

Located about 15 kilometres north of the existing Kendal Power Station near Witbank, Mpumalanga.

Original Concept.

Kusile Power Station is designed to consist of six 800 megawatt coal-fired generating units for a total generating capacity of 4,800 megawatts. This station would be the first in Eskom's fleet with flue gas desulphurization technology.

Project Engineer.

Black and Veatch was appointed as the project engineer for construction.

Main equipment suppliers.

Alstom provided the steam turbines, whilst Hitachi would provide the super critical boilers.

Coal supply.

The power utility, Eskom stated that it "will obtain most of the coal required for this Power Station from Anglo Coal's New Largo operations, south east of the Kusile Power Station."  Eskom’s consultants estimate that 35 new coal mines will be required to support the Medupi and Kusile plants.

Construction timeline.

Initially expected to take 6 years to complete, the project was not expected to complete Unit 1 until 2017 (approximately 8 years after initial works began) and the entire project not until 2021.

Delays and defects.

The dates for full commercial operation were shifted numerous times mostly due to:  This resulted in Kusile and Medupi considered as some of the worst-performing units in Eskom's fleet. In February 2019, Eskom GM for group technology Titus Mathe reported R8 billon would be needed to fix design defects at Medupi and Kusile.

Critics.

The building of this power station attracted various criticisms.

Interference.

Hitachi Power Africa, a subsidiary of Hitachi, Ltd.,found by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission to have made US$6 million in corrupt payments to a front company for the African National Congress, the ruling political party in South Africa. Hitachi agreed to pay US$19 million to settle charges. Hitachi Power Africa rebranded as Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems Africa in February 2014.

Cost.

Kusile Power Station is estimated to cost R118 billion to complete.

Financial Institution Support.

The following institutions were involved in supporting the project:

Emissions.

The plant is expected to emit est 36.8 million tonnes of CO2-equivalent per year once completed.  A 2011 report "The True Cost of Coal: The monstrous price of South Africa's coal addiction" by Greenpeace Africa and the University of Pretoria’s Business Enterprises calculated Kusile's climate change to water use, and impact on health,estimating that the damage caused will cost between R31.2 billion and R60.6 billion a year, and that 30% of Kusile’s externality cost would have been able to generate five times the power with renewable energy.  In November 2011, Greenpeace activists chained themselves to a gate and climbed a crane, a few weeks before the country hosted a global conference on climate change. Authorities arrested nine people, on charges of trespassing and malicious damage to property.  The design of the station does allow for the installation of flue gas desulphurization technology.

Inquiry.

By 2018, the governments Public Enterprises Minister Pravin Gordhan announced a forensic probe into delays and cost overruns on the completion of Kusile and Medupi Power Stations.

Corruption controversy.

In November 2019 South African investigative journalist Pieter-Louis Myburgh published an article in the Daily Maverick detailing an alleged slush fund corruption scandal involving Eskom executives and at least four contractors. The scandal involved contracts worth a combined R10 billion resulting in an estimated R75 million being lost due to irregular activities. By the time of the publication of Myburgh's article the construction of Kusile was five years past its original completion date and an estimated R80 billion (equivalent to US$5.4 billion) over budget.

Kusile Power Station (formerly known as the Bravo Power Station) in South Africa is a coal-fired power plant under construction by state electricity utility Eskom.

Das Kraftwerk Kusile (englisch: ) ist ein im Bau befindliches Kohlekraftwerk des staatlichen südafrikanischen Energieversorgers Eskom mit einer installierten Leistung von 4,8 GW, dessen erster Block im August 2017 in Betrieb gehen sollte. Bei Betriebsaufnahme wird Kusile eines der größten Kohlekraftwerk der Welt sein und etwa 12 % der gesamten der installierten Erzeugungskapazitäten Südafrikas darstellen. Es wird das erste Kraftwerk Südafrikas mit einer Rauchgasentschwefelungsanlage sein.


Career.

Youth.

Born in Spanish Town, Jamaica, Seaton began playing for D.C. United in 2010, when he signed for their youth academy, as part of the U-15 squad. Before playing for D.C. United, he played for the Freestate Soccer Alliance, a soccer club based in Bowie, Maryland. He worked his way up the ranks of the academy.

Professional.

United States.

In 2009-2010, Seaton started his soccer career by playing with his middle school team, Nicholas Orem Middle School. With the help of his coach, Mr. Winston Miller, Seaton tried out for the D.C. United Youth Academy. Seaton signed with D.C. United on 13 January 2013. Seaton was the fifth member of United's Academy to sign a contract with the first team.  In March 2013, he was loaned to the Richmond Kickers of USL Pro. On 3 May, Seaton made his debut for Richmond against Wilmington, where he scored.  Seaton's first game with D.C. United was a friendly match on 12 July 2013, against C.D. Guadalajara. Seaton played for 20 minutes and assisted Carlos Ruiz's goal in the 73rd minute. He made his first MLS start on September 28, 2013, against Toronto FC. Seaton trained with Serie A club Internazionale during January 2014. He played 5 MLS games in total for DC United.  On August 6, 2015, Seaton was traded to Portland Timbers. He was waived by the club on May 13, 2016.

Sweden.

On 31 March 2015 Örebro SK presented Seaton as their player, joining the Swedish team on a loan deal. On 4 June, Örebro SK announced that they canceled the loan deal with Seaton and that he would return to D.C. United.

Israel.

In July 2016, Seaton signed with Israel second division club Hapoel Ramat Gan. On January 26, 2019, Seaton was loaned to Hapoel Tel Avi, and returned on June 30, 2017.  On September 3, 2017, Seaton joined Maccabi Ahi Nazareth.

Orange County SC.

In March 2018, Seaton signed with Orange County SC in the USL. In 29 appearances for the club, he scored 15 goals and tallied 7 assists, including a playoff hat trick against Saint Louis FC on October 20. Just four days later, Seaton agreed to terms with Orange County SC to remain with the club for the 2019 season.  Seaton scored Orange County's first goal of 2019 after intercepting an errant back pass as his side fought back from 0-2 to draw 2-2 on 9 March. On May 4, just four days after his 23rd birthday, the striker scored the winning goal against rival side Phoenix Rising FC. On 24 July, Seaton surpassed former teammate Thomas Enevoldsen to become Orange County SC's all-time leading goalscorer. Seaton finished 2019 with 13 goals and 5 assists in 31 appearances. In November, 2019, Seaton announced his departure from Orange County SC.

Germany.

In January, 2020, Seaton joined FC Viktoria Köln in a free-transfer.

International.

Seaton received his first senior Jamaica national team call versus Trinidad on 15 November 2013. Seaton scored his 1st senior international goal versus St. Lucia on 5 March 2014, as a 17-year-old.

Personal.

Seaton also holds U.S. citizenship.

Honours.

Club.

Orange County SC

Michael Seaton (born 1 May 1996) is a Jamaican footballer who plays for FC Viktoria Köln in 3rd Bundesliga. Upon his MLS debut with D.C. United in 2013, he became the league's first player born after it began play.

Michael Joseph Arantes Seaton (* 1. Mai 1996 in Spanish Town) ist ein jamaikanischer Fußballspieler. Der Stürmer steht beim FC Viktoria Köln unter Vertrag und ist jamaikanischer Nationalspieler.


History.

The company's history dates back to the Austro-Hungarian period - 1870, with the creation of a railway workshop to serve the Cluj–Oradea line (Grosswardein-Klausenburg railway.); the works repaired wagons and locomotives.  The initial wooden works building was constructed in 1870, this was replaced by substantial rolling stock works on the current site in 1874 - a locomotive repair shed of 1653m, a wagon repair shed of 3200m and a mechanical workshop of 2190m. With additional offices, warehouses the site had an area of nearly 36,000m.  In 1882 the works employed 200, by the 1890 the number had risen to nearly 500. In 1918 (as a result of the Union of Transylvania with Romania) the works became the "Atelierele CFR Cluj", and from 1929 to 1940 was named "Inspecţia Atelierelor Principale CFR Cluj". The works was expanded and rebuilt during the 1920s and 30s with older buildings demolished - by 1938 the expanded works employed 1675.  In 1971 the works began to repair diesel-hydraulic locomotives whilst still maintaining steam locomotives. In 1990 the works was named "Remarul 16 Februarie S.A.", and was privatised in 2000. Much of the bankrupt metalworking company "Metalurgica SA" of Aiud, Transylvania, Romania (casting including centrifugal casting, hot forging, mechanical engineering) was acquired in 2006.  In 2009 the company entered into partnership with Caterpillar Inc., acting as a centre for rail vehicle re-motorisation in the region. In 2009 the Company's major shareholders were Transferoviar Group SA (32.96%) and Monica Băiculescu (32%) and Nova Cominvest (6.54%).  In November 2010 the company acquired a license for the production of AGC trainsets from Bombardier Transportation - the license is exclusive for the trains produced for Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, Croatia, Bosnia and Serbia. The company is expected to invest €20 million and increase the workforce to 1000 for the production of the AGC.

Products and services.

The company specialises in construction and repair of railway rolling stock, the company also manufactures parts for hydraulic diesel locomotives. Much of the company's income is based on modernisation of rolling stock. The company's suppliers include Inda Craiova, Softronic Craiova, Caterpillar Inc, Integral Consulting R & D Bucurest, Voith, and Knorr Bremse.  As of 2012 in addition to multiple unit and locomotive repair and modernisations the plant still repairs steam locomotives.

Remarul "16 Februarie SA" based in Cluj-Napoca is a railway rolling stock engineering company with services including repair, maintenance and modernisation.

Remarul 16 Februarie ist ein rumänischer Eisenbahnhersteller mit Sitz in Cluj-Napoca. Er fertigt unter anderem den Autorail à grande capacité nach Lizenz von Bombardier Transportation.


Origins.

Thynne was the eldest son of Thomas Thynne, 1st Marquess of Bath and Lady Elizabeth Cavendish-Bentinck. He succeeded as 2nd Marquess in 1796 on the death of his father.

Education.

He was educated at Winchester College and admitted as a nobleman to St John's College, Cambridge in 1785, graduating M.A. in 1787.

Political career.

Between 1786 and 1790, he was MP (Tory) for Weobley. He later sat for Bath from 1790 to 1796. He was Lord Lieutenant of Somerset between 1819 and 1837 and was invested as a Knight of the Garter on 16 July 1823.

Marriage and progeny.

Lord Bath married the Honourable Isabella Elizabeth Byng, daughter of George Byng, 4th Viscount Torrington, on 14 April 1794. They had eleven children:

Later life.

He was a benefactor in the nearby town of Frome, giving up land and buildings so that a new wide road could be created leading south from the town centre, now called Bath Street. On another occasion he set aside land for allotments for a hundred families. "I have been told that at a certain hour in the morning he would admit the humblest persons in his parish, listen to their little concerns, and advise them...He was one of the few who well understood for what purposes rank, wealth, and influence, are conferred."

Death and burial.

Lord Bath died in 1837, aged 72, and was buried at his home, Longleat House. "I was told ten thousand were present, one hundred and fifty horsemen." His eldest son Thomas predeceased him by some two months and he was therefore succeeded by his second son Henry.

Thomas Thynne, 2nd Marquess of Bath KG (25 January 1765 – 27 March 1837), styled Viscount Weymouth from 1789 until 1796, was a British peer.

Thomas Thynne, 2. Marquess of Bath KG (* 25. Januar 1765; † 27. März 1837 in London) war ein britischer Adliger und Politiker.


World Group Play-offs.

"Date: 16–18 September"  The eight losing teams in the World Group first round ties and eight winners of the Zonal Group I final round ties competed in the World Group Play-offs for spots in the 2017 World Group.  Seeded teams  Unseeded teams

Americas Zone.

Group I.

Seeds: "All seeds" received a bye into the second round.  Remaining nations:

Group II.

Seeds:  Remaining nations:

Group III.

Date: 11–16 July  Location: La Paz, Bolivia (clay)  Confirmed teams:  Inactive teams:  Format: Round-robin basis. Two pools of four and five teams, respectively (Pools A and B). The winner of each pool plays off against the runner-up of the other pool to determine which two nations are promoted to Americas Zone Group II in 2017.  Seeding: The seeding was based on the Davis Cup Rankings of 7 March 2016 (shown in parentheses below).  Group A  Group B  Play-Offs 'and'promoted to Group II in 2017.

Asia/Oceania Zone.

Group I.

Group II.

Seeds: Remaining nations:

Group III.

Date: 11–16 July  Location: Tehran, Iran (clay)  Confirmed teams:  Format: Round-robin basis. Two pools of four and five teams, respectively (Pools A and B). The winner of each pool plays off against the runner-up of the other pool to determine which two nations are promoted to Asia/Oceania Zone Group II in 2017.  Seeding: The seeding was based on the Davis Cup Rankings of 7 March 2016 (shown in parentheses below).  Group A  Group B  Play-Offs 'and'promoted to Group II in 2017. 'and'relegated to Group IV in 2017.

Group IV.

Date: 13–16 July  Location: Amman, Jordan (clay)  Confirmed teams:  Inactive teams:  Format: Round-robin basis. Two pools of four and five teams, respectively (Pools A and B). The winner of each pool plays off against the runner-up of the other pool to determine which two nations are promoted to Asia/Oceania Zone Group III in 2017.  Seeding: The seeding was based on the Davis Cup Rankings of 7 March 2016 (shown in parentheses below).  Group A  Group B  Play-Offs 'and'promoted to Group III in 2017.

Europe/Africa Zone.

Group I.

Seeds: Remaining nations:

Group II.

Seeds: Remaining nations:

Group III Europe.

Date: 2–5 March  Location: Tallinn, Estonia (indoor hard)  Format: Round-robin basis. Four pools of four teams (Pools A, B, C and D). The winners of each pool play-off against each other to determine which two nations are promoted to Europe/Africa Zone Group II in 2017.  Seeding: The seeding was based on the Davis Cup Rankings of 30 November 2015 (shown in parentheses below).  Groups:  Group A  Group B  Group C  Group D  Play-Offs'and'promoted to Group II in 2017.

Group III Africa.

Date: 11–16 July  Location: Antananarivo, Madagascar (clay)  Confirmed teams:  Inactive teams:  Format: Round-robin basis. Two pools of five teams (Pools A and B). The winner of each pool plays off against the runner-up of the other pool to determine which two nations are promoted to Europe/Africa Zone Group II in 2017.  Seeding: The seeding was based on the Davis Cup Rankings of 7 March 2016 (shown in parentheses below).  Group A  Group B  Play-Offs 'and'promoted to Group II in 2017.

The 2016 Davis Cup was the 105th edition of the Davis Cup, a tournament between national teams in men's tennis. It was sponsored by BNP Paribas. From this season's tournament the deciding set of each match would be settled by a tiebreak at 6 games all rather than playing an advantage set until a player or a team were two games clear. Argentina won their first Davis Cup title, after 4 runner-up finishes, defeating Croatia in the final. Federico Delbonis defeated Ivo Karlović in the final match to give Argentina its first Davis Cup title, after a huge comeback from Juan Martín del Potro against Marin Čilić in the fourth match.

2016 wurde der Davis Cup zum 105. Mal ausgetragen. 16 Mannschaften spielten in der Weltgruppe um den Titel. Argentinien besiegte im Endspiel Kroatien mit 3:2 und gewann dadurch erstmals den Davis Cup.


History.

Known for centuries as a set of insignificant cliffs surrounded by a number of treacherous sunken rocks, Strömsborg is represented on Petrus Tillæus' 1733 map as uninhabited and named "Stenskär" ("Stone Skerry"). This name has survived as the original name of the present island. However, it is far from certain that this ever was a proper name in common use. For example, in 1747 Tillæus mentions it as "det stenskär eller klippa som är beläget uti Norra Ström och Melaren" ("the stone skerry or cliff that is located in Northern Stream and Mälaren") and says it occupied an area of 2.944 square ells ("kv.alnar") in size. In a letter in 1647 Queen Christina donates the island to her half-brother referring to it as "den lille holmen eller skäret" ("the small islet or skerry"). Most likely the cliffs didn't have an official name at the time and as they certainly didn't appear in city planning records, the queen's donation of these insignificant cliffs to her half-brother arguably was a carefully studied insult. They did, nevertheless, remain unexplored during her era, and it is possible the skerry shared the fate of many other structures at this time, and had a popular name "not suitable for print". Of the approximately 35 maps of Stockholm produced during the 17th century only one includes Strömsborg but provides very little information.  The merchant Berge Olofson Ström bought the island in 1740, and, according to a description from 1896 (G. Nordensvan), ten years later he had a stone house ("suitable in size") surrounded by lime trees built on the island. Whenever the small island received its present name, it must have been in reference both to Strömmen ("The Stream"), the stream surrounding it, and to the merchant "Ström" and his building with the appearance of a castle ("Ströms-borg", "Stream's Castle"). Further, Nordensvan tells the island has been the site for several restaurants, skittle alleys, and public baths, and "...was a small idyllic spot, particularly at that time, when no bridge led to the islet, but one had to travel by rowing boat with a motley woman from Dalarna at the oars."  Arthur Sjögren, mostly remembered for his illustrations of the novels of August Strindberg, also studied the history of Strömsborg in great detail. In a report in 1926, he concluded that the present circular-shaped island dates back to the end of the 19th century and described the island before this as a thickly wooded and irregularly shaped island with a set of various small buildings; a charmingly picturesque view that saw its fate finally sealed with the demolition of the main building in 1895. The idyll described by these two men vanished with the construction of the current palace in 1895-97, designed by builder Johan Andersson and the architect Claes Grundström and then redesigned by architect Ragnar Östberg 1929-30.  Even before this, the isolated idyll was tied closer to the rest of the city with the construction of Vasabron in 1872-78, and what remained thereafter definitely disappeared with the construction of Centralbron 1961-67.  The islet remained the HQ of Swedish Sports Confederation for many years, while the ground floor was being used as a restaurant. In 1953 a renowned dance hall was built on the island, while the upper floors were used for offices until 1994. Since 1996 the entire building has been restored to its pre-1953 appearance, but used exclusively for offices. The island is currently devoted entirely to the offices of IDEA, an international inter-governmental organization that supports democracy building worldwide.

Strömsborg () is a small islet in central Stockholm, Sweden, located north of Stadsholmen, and west of Helgeandsholmen, between the bridges Centralbron, a motorway passing through central Stockholm, and Vasabron. Strömsborg is part of Gamla stan, the old town of Stockholm and is connected to the rest of the world by the bridge Strömsborgsbron leading over to Vasabron.

Strömsborg ist eine zum Stockholmer Stadtteil Gamla stan gehörende Insel im Norrström in Schweden. Die kreisrunde Schäre misst rund 50 Meter im Durchmesser und hat eine Fläche von 0,2 Hektar. Sie befindet sich nördlich von Gamla stan zwischen den verkehrsreichen Brücken Vasabron im Osten und Centralbron im Westen. Die einzige Zufahrt zur Insel erfolgt über die Brücke Strömsborgsbron, die von der Strömsborg nach Osten zur Vasabron führt.


History.

In the 1981 NFC Championship Game where the Dallas Cowboys visited the San Francisco 49ers, while the 49ers took the lead 28-27 due to "The Catch", the Cowboys had a chance to win the game when Drew Pearson caught a long pass from Danny White that would've gone for a touchdown. However, 49ers cornerback Eric Wright made a horse-collar tackle that stopped Pearson just outside field-goal range (White fumbled on the next play, thus preserving victory for the 49ers and putting them in Super Bowl XVI).  Roy Williams was well known for horse-collaring players while playing at Oklahoma, and continued to use the tackle after moving to the NFL in 2002.  The horse-collar tackle rose to infamy during the 2004 NFL season, in which it was implicated in six major injuries, four of which were caused by Williams, including two in one game. The injuries that season included broken legs for Philadelphia Eagles wide receiver Terrell Owens, Carolina Panthers wide receiver Steve Smith Sr., Baltimore Ravens running back Musa Smith, and Tennessee Titans wide out Tyrone Calico. On May 23, 2005, NFL owners voted 27–5 to ban the tackle, with the Dallas Cowboys, Detroit Lions, New England Patriots, New Orleans Saints, and San Francisco 49ers voting against. The first year of the ban, only two penalties were called by referees for the horse-collar tackle. Owners voted 25–7 in 2006 to expand the rule to include tackles by the back of the jersey in addition to tackles by the shoulder pads.

Risks.

The horse-collar is particularly dangerous due to the awkward position of the player being tackled, who will often fall backward in a twisting motion with one or both legs trapped under the weight of his body. This is exacerbated if the player's foot gets caught in the turf and by the additional weight of the defender. Potential injuries include sprains or tears to ligaments in the knees and ankles (including the ACL and MCL), and fractures of the tibia and fibula. Smith, for instance, was effectively sidelined for two seasons after a horse-collar tackle by Williams broke his right tibia.  The ban states that a horse-collar tackle is an open-field tackle in which a defender uses the shoulder pads or jersey to immediately bring a ball carrier down. The term "open field" means that horse-collar tackles committed near the line of scrimmage will be allowed.

Punishment.

In the NFL, the horse-collar tackle results in a 15-yard major foul penalty and an automatic first down if committed by the defense, and the penalty is assessed as if it were a dead ball, after the play foul, if the opposing offense gains yards. It will often also result in a league-imposed fine on the player. Roy Williams was the first player suspended for repeated violations of the rule. The one-game suspension was given following a horse-collar tackle on Philadelphia Eagles quarterback Donovan McNabb that occurred on December 16, 2007, and it was Williams' third violation of the rule of the 2007 season.  The tackle was made illegal in the CFL for the 2007 season. The horse collar tackle was legal through the 2007–2008 season in college football but was banned by the NCAA after criticism from pundits and coaches for the 2008–2009 season as part of a package that adopted several NFL rules into the college game.  The National Federation of State High School Associations added a penalty for horse-collar tackles for the 2009 season.

The horse-collar tackle is an American football maneuver in which a defender tackles another player by grabbing the back collar or the back-inside of an opponent's shoulder pads and pulling the ball carrier directly downward violently in order to pull his feet from underneath him. The technique is most closely associated with Pro Bowl safety Roy Williams.

Der Horse-collar Tackle (dt. Pferde-Kragen Tackle) ist ein American-Football-Manöver, bei welchem ein Verteidiger einen anderen Spieler tackelt, indem er den Gegner von hinten ins Schulterpolster greift und den Ballträger direkt nach unten zieht, so dass jener auf seine eigenen Füße fällt. Diese Technik wird häufig mit dem Safety Roy Williams in Zusammenhang gebracht. Diese Art des Tacklens wurde zur Saison 2005 in der NFL verboten. Das Verbot wird in den Medien häufig „The Roy Williams Rule“ genannt.


History.

The original name is Thury, but the Marquis of Thury received a benefice from Henry d'Harcourt under the name of the Duke of Harcourt in 1709, requiring a change of name. The town was occupied by the forces of Nazi Germany in June of 1940 after France's surrender ended the Battle of France. For four years the village lived under Nazi occupation as part of the German military administration in occupied France during World War II. Thury-Harcourt was liberated by British soldiers who were part of the 59th (Staffordshire) Infantry Division. The 59th (Staffordshire) Infantry Division fought their way into and through Thury-Harcourt in August of 1944.

Administration.

At the local elections of March 2014, the mayor Paul Chandelier was re-elected. The municipal council consists of 19 members, including the mayor and 5 deputy mayors.

Sights.

In the battles of the Second World War, after the Normandy landings the town was bombed for the first time on 30 June 1944; the château escaped damage. It was during fierce fighting against the British 59th (Staffordshire) Infantry Division on 13–4 August 1944 that the German forces retreated from the town and set fire to the chateau, which had suffered little damage up to that point. The fire destroyed many public archives, a library of nearly 15,000 volumes, and hundreds of family records. railway station was destroyed by air strikes in 1944 and reconstructed in the 1950s. The passenger line opened in 1873 and was closed in 1971. Freight service stopped in 1983. A tourist train from Louvigny (close to Caen) to Clécy operated from 1991 to 1994.

Events.

In the sixteenth century many families emigrated to Canada, taking with them the curate and abbot of the parish, (Lesueur). He founded the parish Saint-Sauveur, Quebec. Pierre Legardeur got general control of Nouvelle-France and gave his name to the towns of Le Gardeur and Repentigny in Quebec.

Thury-Harcourt is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Le Hom. The town is south of Caen, in the Orne valley. It is part of Norman Switzerland, which attracts visitors for various sports and outdoor activities with its hilly terrain.

Thury-Harcourt ist eine ehemalige französische Gemeinde im Département Calvados in der Region Normandie. Sie hatte zuletzt 2022 Einwohner (Stand 1. Januar 2013) und wurde zum 1. Januar 2016 zusammen mit vier Nachbargemeinden zur Gemeinde Le Hom fusioniert, deren Verwaltungssitz Thury-Harcourt seither ist.


Plot.

In Chandler, Arizona, FBI HRT agents Kate Macer and Reggie Wayne lead a raid on a suspected Sonora Cartel safe house, where they discover dozens of decaying corpses and a booby trap which kills two police officers. Following the raid, Kate's boss recommends her for a Department of Justice and Department of Defense joint task force, headed by CIA SAC/SOG officer Matt Graver and the secretive Alejandro Gillick, to apprehend Sonora Cartel lieutenant Manuel Díaz. Assured that the task force will bring those responsible for the safe house incident to justice, Kate joins the operation.  The team, which includes SFOD-D operators and CIA personnel, travels to Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, in order to extradite Manuel Díaz's brother and henchman Guillermo Díaz. Returning to the U.S., the team engage in a shootout with cartel gunmen at the border, killing the gunmen while endangering nearby civilians, shocking Kate. Alejandro tortures Guillermo on American soil and learns that the cartel uses a tunnel near Nogales, Sonora to smuggle drugs into the U.S. Reggie and Kate begin to question the task force's illegal methods, forcing Matt to reveal that their objective is not to apprehend Díaz, but to disrupt his drug operations enough to have Diaz be summoned back to Mexico by his boss: the elusive Sonora Cartel drug lord Fausto Alarcón. By following Díaz, they plan to bring Alarcón to justice.  Later, the team raids a bank used by Díaz's money launderers and freezes his accounts. Kate and Reggie want to use their findings from the raid to mount a legal case against Díaz, but are ordered to stand down so as not to jeopardize the operation. Still Kate enters the bank, despite a warning from Matt not to go inside, and questions the manager. Later that evening, Reggie introduces Kate to Ted, a friend and local police officer. Kate invites Ted to her apartment, only to realize he is working with the cartel. Ted tries to strangle Kate, but Alejandro suddenly appears and subdues him. Alejandro and Matt used Kate as bait, knowing the cartel would target her after she foolishly allowed herself to be seen at the bank raid. Alejandro and Matt coerce Ted into revealing the names of other officers working for Díaz.  The team soon learn that Díaz is being recalled to Mexico, and prepare to raid the tunnel. Matt further verifies that Kate and Reggie's involvement is simply a technical necessity, as operating with U.S. law enforcement grants the CIA legal auspice to operate on American soil. Reggie advises Kate that they leave, but she insists on joining the raid to learn more about the operation's true nature. At the Mexican end of the tunnel, Kate sees Alejandro kidnapping one of Díaz's drug mules: a corrupt Mexican police officer named Silvio. Kate tries to arrest Alejandro, but he shoots her in her bulletproof vest to incapacitate her, and then drives off with Silvio. Kate then realizes that Alejandro is a CIA assassin operating with the task force to engage and eliminate Alarcon and there was never any plan of bringing Alarcon to justice through legally executed methods.  Kate then angrily confronts Matt, who finally explains that the operation is part of an ultimate plan to eliminate all cartel competition, which will result in only a single cartel that the U.S. can easily control. Alejandro, a lawyer who worked for the Medellín Cartel, was hired to assassinate Alarcón as part of this end goal. Alejandro's motives are also personal, as Alarcón had ordered the vicious murder of Alejandro's wife and daughter. In Mexico, Alejandro forces Silvio to drive him to Díaz, kills Silvio, and then forces Díaz to continue driving towards Alarcón. Reaching Alarcón's estate, Alejandro (with the help of the task force's remote surveillance) kills Díaz and the estates guards. Alejandro confronts Alarcón in front of his family, killing his wife and two sons in front of him, and finally Alarcón himself.  The next day, Alejandro appears in Kate's apartment and forces her at gunpoint to sign a statement confirming that the entire operation was legal. As he leaves, she aims her pistol at him, but cannot bring herself to pull the trigger. Back in Nogales, Silvio's widow watches her son's soccer game, which is briefly interrupted by the sound of distant gunfire.

Production.

In December 2013, it was announced that Denis Villeneuve would direct a Mexican border drama, "Sicario" (, the Spanish word for "hitman", from the "Sicarii"), from a screenplay by Taylor Sheridan. It is the first installment in Sheridan's neo-western trilogy exploring crime on "the modern-day American frontier". Black Label Media financed and co-produced with Thunder Road Pictures. Basil Iwanyk produced the film along with Molly Smith, Trent Luckinbill, and Thad Luckinbill.  Emily Blunt became involved with the film in April 2014, shortly followed by Benicio del Toro. Jon Bernthal and Josh Brolin joined the film in May, and cinematographer Roger Deakins was also hired. Daniel Kaluuya, Maximiliano Hernández, and Jeffrey Donovan were then cast, and Jóhann Jóhannsson was hired to compose the film's musical score in August 2014.  Principal photography began on June 30, 2014, in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

Music.

Jóhann Jóhannsson was selected to write and compose the score for the film, making "Sicario" his second collaboration with director Denis Villeneuve. Jóhannsson's work scoring the film was highly praised: "Sicario" was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Score, the BAFTA Award for Best Film Music, the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Score and the Saturn Award for Best Music.

Release.

In May 2014, Lionsgate acquired the U.S. rights to the film, while Lionsgate International handled the foreign sales. On February 23, 2015, Lionsgate set the film for a limited release in the United States on September 18, 2015, and a wide release on October 2, 2015. The film had its world premiere at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival on May 19, 2015. It was then selected to be shown in the Special Presentations section of the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival on September 11, 2015.

Home media.

"Sicario" was released on Blu-ray and DVD on January 5, 2016, and on 4K UHD Blu-ray on March 1, 2016.

Reception.

Box office.

"Sicario" was a commercial success, grossing $46.9 million in the United States and Canada and $38 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $84.9 million, against a production budget of $30 million.  Released alongside "The Martian" and "The Walk", "Sicario" was projected to make $8–10 million in its wide release opening weekend. On its first day, the film grossed $4.3 million. In its opening weekend, it grossed $12.1 million, exceeding expectations, and finished behind "The Martian" and "Hotel Transylvania 2". In the second weekend the film made $7.6 million, dropping 38% and finishing fifth.

Critical response.

On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 92%, based on 259 reviews, with an average rating of 8.05/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "Led by outstanding work from Emily Blunt and Benicio del Toro, "Sicario" is a taut, tightly wound thriller with much more on its mind than attention-getting set pieces." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 82 out of 100, based on 48 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale.  Richard Roeper gave the film an A, calling it one of the year's best, and applauded del Toro's performance, saying: Dan Jolin from "Empire" magazine gave the film 5 stars, calling it "a beautifully murky, hard-edged thriller. Quite simply, one of the best films of the year."  Peter Bradshaw of "The Guardian" praised the acting of Emily Blunt, Benicio del Toro, and Josh Brolin. He stated that although her character Kate Macer was implausible, Emily Blunt "brazens out any possible absurdity with great acting focus and front". Chris Ryan of "Grantland" compared "Sicario" with the 1979 film "Apocalypse Now" directed by Francis Ford Coppola, noting an analogy between the former's themes with respect to the Mexican Drug War and the latter's with respect to the Vietnam War. He also stated that the characters Alejandro Gillick and Matt Graver in "Sicario" resemble those of Colonel Walter E. Kurtz and Lieutenant Colonel William Kilgore, respectively, from "Apocalypse Now".  Mark Kermode said, "What makes this work is that Emily Blunt is terrific, and Benicio del Toro has this eye-catching appearance as a riddle and an enigma... and that the film is very, very well directed."

Controversy.

Before the film's release, the mayor of Ciudad Juárez, Enrique Serrano Escobar, urged citizens to boycott it, believing the film presented a false and negative image of the city. He said the violence depicted in the film was accurate until about 2010, and that the city had since made progress in restoring peace.

Accolades.

Among other accolades, the film received three Academy Award nominations, for Best Cinematography, Best Original Score, and Best Sound Editing.

Themes.

Director Denis Villeneuve said the film was conceived at the height of the violence in Juárez in 2010. According to Sebastian Rotella, an American foreign correspondent and investigative journalist, "Sicario" examines many aspects of the U.S. War on Drugs against, most generally, drug cartels in Mexico, Central, and South America. He noted that the illegal drug trafficking situation in Mexico has remained largely stagnant in the two decades prior to the film's release and that the film asserts that the American War on Drugs is "turning us into the very monsters we are trying to defeat." Rotella asserted that progress has been made in Mexico, and expressed qualms over the depiction of the film's extralegal "black ops campaign", relative to his experience that most U.S. operations resulted in the legal arrest and prosecution of drug lords.

Sequel.

Lionsgate commissioned a sequel centering on del Toro's character, subtitled "Soldado". The project was overseen by writer Taylor Sheridan. In April 2016, producers Molly Smith and Trent Luckinbill said del Toro and Brolin would return. In June 2016, Italian filmmaker Stefano Sollima was hired to direct, with Villeneuve no longer available due to scheduling conflicts. Principal photography began on November 8, 2016 in New Mexico. "Sicario: Day of the Soldado" was released in the United States on June 29, 2018 to generally positive reviews.

Sicario (, Spanish for "Hitman") is a 2015 American action-thriller film directed by Denis Villeneuve, written by Taylor Sheridan and starring Emily Blunt, Benicio del Toro, Josh Brolin, and Victor Garber. The film follows a principled FBI agent who is enlisted by a government task force to bring down the leader of a powerful and brutal Mexican drug cartel. "Sicario" was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival. It began a limited release in the United States on September 18, 2015, followed by a nationwide release on October 2, 2015.

Sicario ist ein US-amerikanischer Thriller des Regisseurs Denis Villeneuve aus dem Jahr 2015. Das Drehbuch schrieb Taylor Sheridan. Die Hauptrollen des Films übernahmen Emily Blunt, Benicio del Toro und Josh Brolin.


Origins.

He was born in 1798, the third son of Thomas Thynne, 2nd Marquess of Bath (1765–1837) by his wife Hon. Isabella Elizabeth Byng, a daughter of George Byng, 4th Viscount Torrington.

Inheritance.

He inherited the estate of Haynes Park, Bedfordshire, and the manor of Kilkhampton in Cornwall from his childless uncle, John Thynne, 3rd Baron Carteret (1772–1849). Stowe House in Kilkhampton had been the seat of his distant ancestor John Granville, 1st Earl of Bath (1628–1701), and had descended from him via the Cartaret family.

Career.

He was educated at Eton College and St John's College, Cambridge, and was ordained by John Fisher, Bishop of Salisbury, in 1822. His first post was as curate of Corsley, a parish on his father's estate of Longleat. Next he served as Rector of Backwell, Street with Walton, and Kingston Deverill, all in Somerset and Wiltshire. In 1828 he was appointed a canon and subdean of Lincoln Cathedral, then became a Canon of Westminster Abbey in 1831. He became sub-dean of Westminster in 1835, later declining the deaneries of Westminster, Wells and Windsor. He lived at Ashburnham House near Westminster Abbey and assisted at the coronation of King William IV and Queen Adelaide, and later at that of Queen Victoria.

Marriage and progeny.

On 2 March 1824 at St James's Church, Piccadilly, he married Anna Constantia Beresford, a daughter of Rev. Charles Cobbe Beresford. She later built the first marine aquarium in Britain. By his wife he had the following issue:

Death and burial.

He died on 9 February 1881 and was buried at Haynes Park. His monument designed by Henry Hugh Armstead, a recumbent effigy within an arched recess, survives in the north choir aisle of Westminster Abbey.

Rev. Lord John Thynne (7 November 1798 – 9 February 1881) was an Anglican cleric, who served for 45 years as Deputy Dean of Westminster.

Reverend Lord John Thynne (* 7. November 1798; † 9. Februar 1881) war ein britischer anglikanischer Geistlicher, der 45 Jahre lang stellvertretender Dekan von Westminster war.


Plot.

In the late 2030s, solar flares irradiate the Earth, killing over 99% of the world's population. The survivors gather in a network of safe cities and build primitive humanoid robots, called Pilgrims, to help rebuild and operate in the harsh environment. These robots have two unchangeable protocols: they cannot harm any form of life and may not repair, modify, or alter themselves or other robots in any way. Initially seen as mankind's salvation, they are relegated to manual labor when they fail to stop the advance of desertification. Society has regressed due to lack of technology besides the Pilgrims, as a lack of functional aircraft or other transport prevents travel and cars are a rare commodity, and humanity is on the brink of extinction.  In 2044, Jacq Vaucan – an insurance investigator for ROC, the company that manufactures Pilgrims – investigates a report from Wallace, a police officer who shot a robot he claims was modifying itself. Jacq discovers the robot hid a rare nuclear battery that could power a robot indefinitely. The next day, Jacq follows a robot who was stealing parts. When he corners it, it sets itself on fire. Jacq salvages the remains and speculates to his boss, Robert, that there may be a "clocksmith", someone who illegally modifies robots, who is overriding the second protocol. Incredulous, Robert rejects this possibility but offers Jacq a transfer out of the city if he can find evidence. Jacq's pregnant wife initially rejects his plans but she eventually relents.  Jacq and Wallace investigate a brothel, where they find Cleo, a modified robot that Wallace subsequently shoots in the leg. When Jacq objects, Wallace says that Cleo's owner will lead them to the clocksmith; Wallace also threatens to kill Jacq if he does not split the proceeds of the battery on the black market. Jacq follows Cleo's owner to a clocksmith named Dr. Dupré, who claims not to know who altered Cleo, an action that would destroy Cleo's CPU. Jacq leaves the burned robot's CPU with her and offers to give her the battery if she can locate information on the clocksmith. When Dupré installs the modified CPU in Cleo, Cleo begins self-repairing. Dupré contacts Jacq, who alerts Robert; however, ROC intercepts Jacq's message and sends a team of assassins to Dupré's lab.  Dupré is killed, but Jacq escapes in a car driven by Cleo. When Cleo takes them into a maze of stanchions, both cars crash; the assassins are killed, and Jacq is injured. Cleo takes Jacq with her into a radioactive desert, where they are joined by three other robots, none of whom will obey Jacq's orders. However, the first protocol forces them to prevent his death. Desperate to return to the city to be with his pregnant wife, Jacq makes contact with Robert, who sends Wallace to recover him. Wallace threatens Jacq's life and destroys two of the robots, who have objected to his actions; Jacq kills Wallace with a flare gun before he can also destroy Cleo. Wallace's partner flees after taking a battery from one of the robots.  Robert's boss discloses that the predecessor to the first Pilgrim was a quantum mind created with no security protocols and no artificial restraints on its computational power. Before they deactivated it, its makers tasked it with designing the security protocols that govern Pilgrims. Robert’s boss informs Robert that no one has been able to break Pilgrim security protocols because they were created by the unrestricted quantum mind and ROC purposefully limited the computational power of all subsequent AI. ROC forces Robert to accompany a team sent to kill Jacq and the unknown clocksmith before the robots can evolve further beyond human understanding. When Robert objects to their kidnapping Jacq's wife and baby daughter, Conway, the leader, shoots him and leaves him for dead. Meanwhile, Jacq meets the robot responsible for modifying the others. Initially skeptical, Jacq eventually accepts that the robot naturally evolved, like humanity. After a series of philosophical discussions, Jacq gives them his battery, which they use to complete a new design. The robots repair a vehicle for Jacq, and he leaves for the city.  When Conway reaches the robot outpost, he destroys two of the four robots. Jacq finds the dying Robert and returns to the outpost as Conway wounds Cleo and kills the evolved robot. Jacq kills all ROC assassins but Conway, though he is further wounded in the battle. As Conway prepares to kill Jacq, the new robot saves his life by pushing Conway off a cliff. Jacq overcomes his distrust of the uninhibited robot when reunited with his family, and he leaves for the coast with them, as Cleo and the new robot venture further into the irradiated desert, where no humans can follow them. Arriving at the coast - they discover that the Earth is recovering and that hope remains for human beings.

Production.

Banderas expressed an early interest in the film after reading the script. Banderas, as producer, brought on Griffith, his wife at the time, and Bardem, who was cast in a minor role and as the voice of the Blue Robot. The film was shot at Nu Boyana Film Studios in Sofia, Bulgaria.

Reception.

Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 30% of 33 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating was 5.27/10. The site's summary states of the film: "beautiful to look at but narratively hollow, "Autómata" short-circuits its handful of intriguing ideas with an overload of sci-fi clichés." Metacritic rated it 37/100 based on 13 reviews. Jay Weissberg of "Variety" called it "a dystopic mess" that borrows from numerous science fiction films. Jonathan Holland of "The Hollywood Reporter" wrote, "The overwrought, uncontrolled sci-fi thriller "Automata" is a disappointing example of a film that lacks the imagination to follow persuasively through on its engaging initial premise."  Stan Schröder remarked an influence of Philip K. Dick's novel "Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?" (which served as the basis for the popular "Blade Runner" film) and Isaac Asimov's short story "Runaround" which introduced Asimov's "Three Laws of Robotics", which are close to the film's "robot protocols".

Autómata is a 2014 Spanish-Bulgarian English-language science fiction action film directed by Gabe Ibáñez and starring Antonio Banderas. The film is co-written by Ibáñez with Igor Legarreta and Javier Sánchez Donate, and co-stars Birgitte Hjort Sørensen, Melanie Griffith, Dylan McDermott, Robert Forster, and Tim McInnerny.

Automata ist ein spanisch-bulgarisch-US-amerikanisch-kanadischer, dystopischer Science-Fiction-Film aus dem Jahr 2014 von Gabe Ibáñez, der zum Teil auch das Drehbuch schrieb. In den Hauptrollen sind Antonio Banderas, Birgitte Hjort Sørensen und Dylan McDermott zu sehen, in einer Nebenrolle Banderas' Exfrau Melanie Griffith. In Deutschland wurde der Film erstmals am 14. März 2015 im Rahmen des Fantasy Filmfests gezeigt.


Etymology.

The generic name is derived from a crasis compound word from the Latin "parva ancora" (small anchor).  The specific name of the type species, P. minchami, honors Mr. H. Mincham, the private collector, who in 1957 had collected and presented a number of fine specimens of Ediacaran fossils to the South Australian Museum.  The specific name of P. sagitta is the Latin word "sagitta" (arrow), in direct reference to the arrow-like shape.

Occurrence.

P. minchami fossils were first discovered in the Ediacara Member of the Rawnslay Quartzite, Flinders Ranges, in South Australia. This species is also known from deposits of the Verkhovka, Zimnegory and Yorga Formations in the White Sea area of the Arkhangelsk Region, Russia. Additionally, similar poorly preserved "Parvancorina" sp. fossils were found in Lyamtsa Formation of this Russian region.  P. sagitta is found in the Verkhovka formation on the Solza River, White Sea area of the Arkhangelsk Region, Russia.

Description.

It has a raised ridge down the central axis of symmetry. This ridge can be high in unflattened fossils. At the 'head' end of the ridge there are two quarter-circle-shaped raised arcs attached. In front of this are two nested semicircular lines. Teeth seem to come from the raised parts pointing into the centre spaces. These may show as raised lines.  The fossils are normally about in each of width and length, but can be up to.

Affinity.

In attempting to determine its phylogenic relationships, "Parvancorina" has been compared with trilobite-like arthropods, such as "Skania fragilis" from the Burgess Shale Biota, Canada, and "Primicaris larvaformis" from the Chengjiang Biota, China. However, the growth form of "Parvancorina" is unusual for an arthropod, and its apparent sessile mode of life appears to rebut an arthropod affinity. Furthermore, the strong resemblance of "P. sagitta" to the primitive mollusk-like bilateran "Temnoxa" and similarities to parts of "Kimberella" casts further doubt on an arthropod affinity.

Lifestyle and habitus.

The living "Parvancorinas" typically lived with their "heads" parallel to the current direction. Overfolding of the fossils from all sides contradicts any form of stalked attachment to the sea floor.

Parvancorina is a genus of shield-shaped bilaterally symmetrical fossil animal that lived in the late Ediacaran seafloor. It has some superficial similarities with the Cambrian trilobite-like arthropods.

Parvancorina ist eine ausgestorbene Tiergattung unsicherer taxonomischer Zuordnung, die im Ediacarium (vor etwa 600 Millionen Jahren) lebte. Mit ihrem bilateralsymmetrischen Schild zeigt sie Ähnlichkeiten zu primitiven Gliederfüßern (Arthropoda).


Round 1.

Ties were scheduled to be played over the weekend of 2–3 December 2000, although two matches did not take place until 9 and 16 December.

Round 2.

Ties were due to be played over the weekend of 16–17 December 2000 but the round was not completed until 13 January 2001.  A. After extra time

Round 3.

Ties were played over the weekend of 26–28 January 2001.

Round 4.

Ties were played between 10–14 February 2001

Round 5.

The fifth round fixtures were played over the weekend of 24–25 February 2001.

Quarter finals.

The quarter finals was played over the weekend of 9–11 March 2001

Semi finals.

The ties were played on 31 March and 1 April 2001.

Final.

The 100th Challenge Cup final was played on 28 April 2001 and was the first to be played at Twickenham Stadium. Hear'Say performed before the match. St Helen's stand off Sean Long was the winner of the Lance Todd Trophy.

Teams.

St Helens: Paul Wellens, Sean Hoppe, Kevin Iro, Paul Newlove, Anthony Sullivan; Tommy Martyn, Sean Long, David Fairleigh, Keiron Cunningham, Sonny Nickle, Chris Joynt (c), Peter Shiels, Paul Sculthorpe Subs: Steve Hall, Anthony Stewart, Vila Matautia, Tim Jonkers Coach: Ian Millward  Bradford: Michael Withers, Tevita Vaikona, Scott Naylor, Shane Rigon, Leon Pryce, Henry Paul, Robbie Paul (c), Joe Vagana, James Lowes, Brian McDermott, Jamie Peacock, Daniel Gartner, Mike Forshaw Subs: Paul Deacon, Paul Anderson, Lee Gilmour, Stuart Fielden Coach: Brian Noble

UK Broadcasting rights.

The tournament was screened in the United Kingdom by the BBC.

The 2001 Challenge Cup (officially known as the 2001 Silk Cut Challenge Cup for sponsorship reasons) is a rugby league football tournament which began its preliminary stages in December 2000 and ended with the final on 28 April 2001.

Der Challenge Cup 2001 (aus Sponsoringgründen auch als Silk Cut Challenge Cup bezeichnet) war die 100. Ausgabe des jährlichen Rugby-League-Turniers Challenge Cup. Im Finale gewann der St Helens RLFC 13:6 gegen die Bradford Bulls und gewannen damit das Turnier zum achten Mal.