Creation of medal.

On 22 July 1997, during its 3802nd meeting, the United Nations Security Council unanimously adopted Resolution 1121, in which it established the Dag Hammarskjöld Medal. In the resolution, the Security Council also requested that the UN Secretary-General establish criteria and procedures for the awarding of the medal. The first medals were awarded in October 1998.

Criteria.

On 1 December 2000, Kofi Annan, the UN Secretary-General, published regulations for the awarding of the medal. The award is given to any military personnel, police, or civilians who lose their lives while serving in a United Nations peacekeeping operation, so long as the death did not result from misconduct or criminal acts. The criteria came into force on 1 January 2001 and the medal may be given to individuals who qualified before or after that date. The physical medals are presented to the next of kin of the deceased recipient.

Medal.

The medal is egg-shaped and made of clear lead free glass, engraved with the name and date of death of the recipient, the United Nations logo, and the inscription “The Dag Hammarskjöld Medal. In the Service of Peace”, in English and French.

Recipients.

On 6 October 1998, the first three Dag Hammarskjöld Medals were awarded to Hammarskjöld himself, René de Labarrière (killed by a land mine in Palestine in July 1948), and Folke Bernadotte (assassinated in Jerusalem by Jewish extremists in September 1948). Beginning in 2001, the UN began awarding dozens of medals each month for the UN peacekeepers who had been killed between 1948 and 2001. Since 2001, there have been an annual medal ceremony for those who were killed in UN peacekeeping operations the previous year. The ceremony is held on 29 May, which is the International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers.  In 2009, the medal was awarded to each of the 132 UN peacekeepers who were killed in 2008.  Pakistani peacekeeper Naik Naeem Raza, who served the United Nations peacekeeping mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and was martyred in January 2018, was on 25th May 2019, posthumously awarded a UN medal by Secretary General António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres.  Raza had embraced martyrdom during an ambush on a UN Convoy in January 2018, according to a press release by the Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR), the military's media wing.  "The medal is awarded to blue helmets for their supreme sacrifice in the line of duty," read the statement issued by the military's mouthpiece.  According to the press release, 156 Pakistan Peacekeepers have so far laid down their lives for global peace and stability. <ref  In 2019, Indian Officer Jitendra Kumar and 119 men and women honor posthumously awarded the medal for their courage and sacrifice in the line of duty, laid down his life while serving in the UN Organisation Stabilization Mission in the Central African country. <ref>.

The Dag Hammarskjöld Medal is a posthumous award given by the United Nations (UN) to military personnel, police, or civilians who lose their lives while serving in a United Nations peacekeeping operation. The medal is named after Dag Hammarskjöld, the second Secretary-General of the United Nations, who died in a plane crash in what is now Zambia in September 1961.

Die Dag Hammarskjöld Medal ist, neben der Captain Mbaye Diagne Medal und der UN-Medaille, eine von drei Auszeichnungen der Vereinten Nationen, die an Personen verliehen wird, die an den internationalen humanitären, militärischen oder polizeilichen UN-Missionen teilgenommen haben. Sie wurde im Dezember 2000 gestiftet und ist nach dem ehemaligen UN-Generalsekretär Dag Hammarskjöld benannt, der im Rahmen einer Vermittlungsmission bei einem ungeklärten Flugzeugabsturz ums Leben kam.


Club career.

Querétaro.

Pineda was first called up to the Querétaro senior team on 21 January 2014, for a Copa MX match against Ascenso MX side Club Celaya and made his debut as a 70' substitute for Diego Guastavino in a 1–0 loss. Pineda made his Liga MX debut on 1 August 2014, in a 2–0 victory against Pachuca.

Guadalajara.

On 2 December 2015, C.D. Guadalajara announced they had signed Pineda for an undisclosed price on a five-year contract. Pineda made his official debut as a starter on 10 January 2016, against Veracruz. He scored his first goal for the club on 16 January 2016, against Cruz Azul at the Estadio Azul.

Cruz Azul.

In December 2018, it was announced Cruz Azul signed Pineda for $12 million. He made his debut with the team on 4 January 2019, in 1–1 draw against Puebla.

International career.

Youth.

Pineda was called up to the U-20 Mexico national team by manager Sergio Almaguer to take part in the 2015 FIFA U-20 World Cup in New Zealand. He made his debut in Mexico's opening match as a half-time substitution for José David Ramírez. Mexico went on to lose the game 2–0 to Mali. Pineda started the next two matches for Mexico, but the team finished in 4th place in their group and failed to qualify to the next round.

Senior.

Pineda was named in Mexico's provisional squad for Copa América Centenario but was cut from the final squad. He would make his debut with the national team on 6 September 2016 against Honduras during a 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification match, coming in as a substitute for Jesús Dueñas at the 71st minute, finishing the game at a tie of 0–0. He would score his first goal with the senior national team during the 2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup on 9 July 2017, in a group stage match against El Salvador, scoring the final goal of a 3–1 win.  In May 2019, Pineda was included in Gerardo Martino's provisional 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup roster and was subsequently included in the final list. Mexico went on to win the tournament.

Style of play.

He is able to play as a deep-lying, roaming or more advanced playmaker, he has regularly played as the more advanced of the two in a 4-2-3-1 formation. A fantastic reader of the game, Pineda can spot incisive through balls and is able to find space on the pitch by moving into the channels between defenders. Former manager Matías Almeyda described Pineda as "one of those players that has to end up in a great European club. He has the talent and the attributes." He is technically sharp, skillful, and with a turn of pace able to burst past opponents but at his short stature, he isn’t the strongest player, although his development may have been held up by the fact he's been moved from an attacking midfielder to the holding role and even on the wing since he debuted in the first division in late 2014.

Personal life.

Pineda was born in Mexico City, but he and his family are natives of Coyuca de Catalán, Guerrero. His older brother, Onay Pineda, is also a professional footballer who plays as a right-back.

Orbelín Pineda Alvarado (born 24 March 1996) is a Mexican professional footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for Liga MX club Cruz Azul.

Orbelín Pineda Alvarado (* 24. März 1996 in Mexiko-Stadt) ist ein mexikanischer Fußballspieler, der vorwiegend im offensiven Mittelfeld zum Einsatz kommt.


History.

The National Track and Field Hall of Fame was founded in Charleston, West Virginia in 1974. The museum moved to Indianapolis, Indiana in 1985 when it came under the auspices of USA Track & Field, the national governing body for the sport of track and field in the United States. The Indianapolis museum closed in 1996 when the exhibits were moved for the 1996 Centennial Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. The exhibits were then displayed in Los Angeles, California before touring across the nation as a traveling museum until 2002 when The Armory building was chosen as its permanent location.  Exhibits include the original 1976 Nike Waffle Trainers and a singlet and shorts worn by Hall of Famer Steve Prefontaine.

Nomination criteria.

The nomination criteria differs for the type of inductee as follows:

Athlete.

Only open class accomplishments are considered. In order to be considered, an athlete must have participated in an open competition at least three years prior to consideration, except when an athlete has reached forty years of age, and must fall into one or more of the following criteria:

Coach.

To be nominated, a coach must have been retired for at least one year from active full-time coaching, except where the nominated person has coached for thirty-five (35) years or more, and must fall into the following criteria:

Contributor.

In order to be nominated as a Contributor, the nominee must have served the Athletics community with special distinction and worked within the athletics community in its best interests in an outstanding manner for at least twenty (20) years. Contributors may also be nominated for having achieved other outstanding accomplishments.

Additional categories.

Also under USATF is the Masters Hall of Fame, created in 1996 and the Officials Hall of Fame created in 2007. The membership of those two halls are selected by separate committees of those divisions of USATF for separate achievements in those divisions. As such, there is some duplication of names. Those members currently exist as a list of honored names, but have no physical representation at the hall in New York City.

Selection process.

Each February, the National Track & Field Board and Screening Committee begins to actively seek nominations which are due by May 1 each year. On May 15, all nominations (including those carry-over nominations from previous years which have not been under consideration for the maximum five (5) years) are compiled by the national staff of USA Track & Field. All nominations are then reviewed by the Hall of Fame Screening Committee which is charged with forwarding the best candidates eligible to the voters. The membership of the Committee is confidential. The Committee has full authority to make nominations to create the best ballot possible. The Staff Coordinator for the Hall of Fame creates the ballot of ten (10) nominees (the number of nominees may be increased for equity in gender, discipline, and era of competition or service, but will never number more than twelve (12) nominees) and accompanying documentation (biographies, etc.) by June 30. The ballot is then reviewed by the President of the Hall of Fame and chair of the Screening Committee before being forwarded to the voters near the end of July. The voters include inducted Hall of Famers, the Hall of Fame committee members and selected members of the Track and Field Writers of America. Each voter has one vote and any voter who fails to cast a ballot for two (2) consecutive years may be removed from the list of eligible voters until they request and cast a ballot in a subsequent year. All ballots must be returned to the accounting firm responsible for tabulation of votes by August 29. In the beginning of September, Accounting firm, chair of the Screening Committee, and President of the Board review the ballots and declare the inductees who are announced later in the month.

Museum.

Located at The Armory Foundation, at 216 Fort Washington Avenue in Washington Heights, New York the museum is split into three levels. The first level contains main lobby, the Hall of Fame Theater (featuring a film simply called "Welcome to The Hall of Fame", produced by Peter Frankfurt) and the Hall of Fame History Gallery, where the Olympic Moment film produced by Bud Greenspan can be viewed. The second level holds the Hall of Fame Atrium, the Hall of Fame Champion Gallery and the Fred Lebow Marathon Hall. The third level holds the Hall of Fame Gallery featuring a -long etched glass wall with the names of all the inductees engraved upon it. Through the glass wall visitors can see the arena that is home to the largest indoor collegiate and high school invitational events in the world.

Inductees.

The following table lists all persons who have been inducted into the National Track and Field Hall of Fame.

The National Track and Field Hall of Fame is a museum operated by The Armory Foundation in conjunction with USA Track & Field. It is located within the Armory Foundation (the former Fort Washington Avenue Armory) at 216 Fort Washington Avenue, between 168th and 169th Streets, in Washington Heights, in the New York City borough of Manhattan. The stated goal of the Hall is to reflect upon, appreciate, and honor the past by saluting Americans who have made important contributions to the history of Track and Field. Inductees to the Hall of Fame include athletes, coaches, contributors, officials, event directors, journalists and administrators. The USA Track & Field has been inducting members into the Hall since 1974. Currently there are 249 people enshrined.

Die National Track and Field Hall of Fame ("Hall of Fame der Leichtathletik der USA") wurde 1974 gegründet und beinhaltet gegenwärtig mehr als 250 Persönlichkeiten der US-amerikanischen Leichtathletik. Der Betreiber ist z. Zt. die "The Armory Foundation", New York. Der Neubau hat 8 Millionen US-Dollar gekostet. Diese Hall of Fame bestand von 1974 bis 1985 in Charleston, zog dann nach Indianapolis (1985–1996) um, dann nach Los Angeles (1996–2002) und ist seit 2003 in New York, 216 Fort Washington Avenue, Washington Heights. Aufgenommen werden erfolgreiche Sportler, Trainer, Funktionäre und Organisatoren von großen Sportfesten sowie Journalisten. Vorbild waren andere bereits in den USA bestehende Ehrenhallen des Sports, die eine eigene Erinnerungskultur pflegen sollten und der kulturellen neben der trainingswissenschaftlichen Komponente der Leistung einen Platz einräumt.


History.

Congress approved construction of the dam and lake in 1946 to provide flood control, hydroelectric power, water supply, navigation and recreation. The U. S. Army Corps of Engineers began construction of the 975 meter-long (3,199 feet) Eufaula Dam wall in 1956 and was completed in 1964. President Lyndon B. Johnson came to Oklahoma to dedicate the dam on September 25, 1964. The dam holds back a lake area of over. The hydroelectric power station was designed to provide 90,000 kilowatts of electric power from the lake waters.  According to the Corps of Engineers in 2015, the Eufaula project cost $121.4 million, and has prevented nearly $575.5 million in flood damages since its completion.The lake attracts about 2.5 million visitors every year. Heavy rains in the spring of 2015 caused Lake Eufaula to rise so rapidly that the Corps of Engineers opened the flood gates and released water at rates as high as per second. This was the highest rate since 1990.

Dam construction.

Eufaula Dam is east of the city of Eufaula, Oklahoma. It is long and high. It is constructed with an earthen embankment and concrete. The associated hydroelectric power plant has three turbines, each rated at 30 megawatts, for a total installed capacity of 90 megawatts The dam was approved by the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1946 and construction began in 1956. In February 1964, the river was closed and The generators went operational in September 1964. State Highway 71 runs across the top of the dam.

Standing Rock.

Standing Rock is now covered by the waters of Lake Eufaula. The historic landmark stood in the middle of the Canadian river about below the junction of the North and South Canadians. When the lake is at its top level,, the top of the huge upright rock is approximately below the surface.

Recreational facilities.

Activities at Lake Eufaula include boating, fishing, swimming, hiking, hunting, golfing and horseback riding. Picnic areas are scattered throughout the area. Facilities include marinas, boat ramps, swim beaches, tent and RV campsites, cabins, group shelters, restrooms, showers and an enclosed fishing dock. These can be found at Lake Eufaula State Park and the physically-separate Arrowhead Area at Lake Eufaula State Park.  A well-known tournament lake, Lake Eufaula draws anglers from across the United States to test their skills at catching largemouth bass, smallmouth bass, Kentucky bass, crappie, catfish, sandbass, stripers (below the dam), and other species.

Former State Park Lodges.

Oklahoma created two state parks, Arrowhead and Fountainhead, to provide recreational activities and camping facilities at the lake. The tag line in their early advertising was, "Follow the fun to Eufaula." The state borrowed $8 million from the Federal government to build a lodge at each park. However, the lodges did not provide enough money to repay the loan, so ownership reverted to the Federal government. In 1986, the U.S. Economic Administration sold Arrowhead Lodge to the Choctaw Nation and Fountainhead Lodge to a group of private investors. Arrowhead switched hands again in 2000, when a non-profit group with ties to the Church of Scientology bought the lodge and converted it into a drug and alcohol treatment facility, now called Narconon Arrowhead. Fountainhead was sold out of a sheriff’s sale to The Muscogee (Creek) Nation in 2005, amid plans to reopen it as a gaming facility. Those plans never materialized, and the lodge was torn down. However, a 48-acre tract of the land was placed into federal trust status in 2018, opening the way for development of the property as a tourist destination with gaming, restaurants and entertainment.

Marinas.

List of Marinas on Lake Eufaula.

Popular culture.

The 2011 Jason Boland & the Stragglers song 'Farmer's Luck', written by Greg Jacobs, tells the story of how eminent domain laws were used to force farmers to sell their land to make way for the artificial lake.  'Choctaw Bingo' a song written and recorded by James McMurtry in 2002 says "He's got a quarter section up by Lake Eufaula. Caught a great big ol' blue cat on a driftin' jug line." The song was also released on the soundtrack for the movie 'Beer for My Horses.' It has also been covered by Ray Wylie Hubbard.

Lake Eufaula, sometimes referred to as Eufaula Lake, is a reservoir in Oklahoma. It is located on the Canadian River, upstream from its confluence with the Arkansas River and near the town of Eufaula. The lake covers parts of McIntosh County, Pittsburg, Haskell and Okmulgee counties and drains. Water sources include the Canadian, North Fork Canadian and Deep Fork rivers. It is the largest-capacity lake in the state of Oklahoma with a volume of, a surface area of and of shoreline.

Der Eufaula Lake ist ein Stausee im Bundesstaat Oklahoma in den Vereinigten Staaten. Der See bedeckt eine Fläche von 412 km2 und wird hauptsächlich durch den Canadian River gespeist. Zu seinem Namen kam das Gewässer durch die nahe Ortschaft Eufaula.


Club career.

All Boys.

On 14 August 2013, Calleri debuted for All Boys against Estudiantes in the quarterfinals of 2012–13 Copa Argentina. He made his league debut on 7 September, against Argentinos Juniors, and played his first full game in his team's defeat against Godoy Cruz on 7 October.

Boca Juniors.

In July 2014, Calleri signed for Boca Juniors, with coach Carlos Bianchi deciding to take-up the right that the club had with the player, a holding of 30% of the player' rights.  On 27 July 2014, Calleri made his Boca debut in a 2–0 loss to Huracan. In the league, his debut came on 18 August as a substitute in a 1–0 win over Belgrano, and a week later coach Rodolfo Arruabarrena started Calleri for the first time in a 3–0 loss to Atlético Rafaela.  On 1 November 2015, Boca Juniors were crowned champions of the Argentine Primera División, in which Calleri scored 10 goals in 26 matches and achieved his first title as a professional player. Three days later, Boca Juniors won the 2014–15 Copa Argentina.

Deportivo Maldonado.

In January 2016, Calleri joined Uruguayan club Deportivo Maldonado. In an arrangement similar to a number of other players that have been registered to the club, he was loaned to the Brasileirão side São Paulo FC in the same month.

São Paulo (loan).

On 3 February 2016, Calleri made his debut and scored his first goal for São Paulo as they drew 1–1 with Universidad César Vallejo in the 2016 edition of Copa Libertadores.  On 13 July 2016, Calleri played his last match for São Paulo in a game they lost 1–2 against Atlético Nacional, in the Libertadores semifinals. He scored the only goal for São Paulo, in the 9th minute. Calleri said that it was his last game for the club and that he had "spent very beautiful six months" playing for Brazilian side. He ended the tournament as the top goalscorer, with 9 goals in 12 matches.

West Ham United (loan).

In August, West Ham United signed Calleri on a season-long loan. He made his Premier League debut coming off the bench in the match against Bournemouth on 21 August 2016. His only goal for the club came in the 94th minute in a 3–1 win against Middlesbrough at the Riverside Stadium on 21 January 2017. His full Premier League debut finally came on 22 April 2017 in a 0–0 draw with Everton at the London Stadium. He played 61 minutes before being replaced by Diafra Sakho. After 19 appearances with one goal scored, Calleri's loan ended.

Las Palmas (loan).

On 11 July 2017, Calleri joined La Liga side UD Las Palmas on a one-year loan deal. He made his debut for the club on 18 August, starting in a 0–1 away loss against Valencia CF, and scored his first goal seven days later but in a 1–5 home loss against Atlético Madrid.

Alavés (loan).

On 22 August 2018, Calleri was loaned to fellow La Liga side Deportivo Alavés for one year.

Espanyol (loan).

On 26 August 2019, joined RCD Espanyol on a season-long loan deal.  Calleri scored a hat-trick for Espanyol in a Europa League match against Wolverhampton Wanderers on 27 February 2020; Espanyol won the match 3–2 but lost the two-legged tie by a score of 6–3.

International career.

Due to some impressive performances with Boca Juniors and São Paulo, Calleri earned a call-up to the Argentina Olympic squad for the 2016 Summer Olympics. On 29 July 2016, Calleri made his Argentina Olympic debut in a friendly against Mexico, which resulted in a 0–0 draw.

Personal life.

Calleri is the nephew of Argentine former footballer Néstor Fabbri.

Honours.

Boca Juniors

Jonathan Calleri (; ; born 23 September 1993) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a striker for Spanish club RCD Espanyol on loan from Deportivo Maldonado.

Jonathan Calleri (* 23. September 1993 in Buenos Aires) ist ein argentinischer Fußballspieler. Er steht aktuell bei Deportivo Alavés unter Vertrag.


Club career.

Toulouse.

Diop was born in Toulouse, Haute-Garonne and played youth football for Balma SC before moving to Toulouse FC in 2006. He began training with the first team in September 2015, and signed a professional contract in November. He was part of an influx of young players to the squad that included Alban Lafont, Zinédine Machach, Alexis Blin and Yann Bodiger.  He made his Ligue 1 debut, aged 18, on 28 November 2015 against Nice, playing the full game alongside fellow debutant Lafont. He scored his first goal in his second appearance on 2 December 2015, contributing to his club's 3–0 win away to fellow relegation strugglers Troyes. He made 21 appearances in his first season, helping the club to eight clean sheets. He was sent off twice during a season in which the club only avoided relegation with a win on the final day.  Diop made 30 Ligue 1 appearances in 2016–17. He was named captain of his local club for the first time in April 2017.  The 2017–18 season saw Diop become club captain in October. Toulouse reached the quarter-finals of the Coupe de France, but again struggled in the league, avoiding relegation after a play-off victory against AC Ajaccio in May 2018.

West Ham United.

On 19 June 2018, Premier League club West Ham United confirmed the transfer of Diop, who signed a five-year contract. The fee, reported by British media as £22 million, was not disclosed but was announced as a club record, beating the previous record of £20 million set in July 2017 with the signing of Marko Arnautović. Diop made his Premier League and West Ham debut on 25 August. In a 3–1 away defeat by Arsenal, he scored an own goal and in doing so became the first West Ham player to score an own goal on his debut in the Premier League. Three days later, Diop scored his first goal for the club, in an EFL Cup game against AFC Wimbledon after conceding a goal after only 72 seconds, Diop scored an equalising goal for West Ham who went on to win 3–1. He won early season praise for his performances particularly against Arsenal and against Manchester United whose manager, José Mourinho commended Diop's performance in West Ham's 3–1 win over his club and of the scout who had identified the potential of Diop. On 22 February 2019, Diop scored his first Premier League goal in a 3–1 home win against Fulham.

International career.

Diop has been a youth international for France at every level, making his first appearance for France U16 in 2013. He was part of the team that won the 2016 UEFA European Under-19 Championship, scoring in the final. In addition to winning the tournament itself, Diop was also named in the Team of the Tournament.  He made his debut for France U21 in a qualification game for the 2017 UEFA European Under-21 Championship, against Ukraine on 2 September 2016.  He is also eligible to play for Morocco through his mother and for Senegal through his father. In October 2018, he confirmed his international commitment to France.

Style of play.

Diop, at in height, has been credited as being "a tremendous athlete, excellent in the air and quick across the ground" by football magazine "FourFourTwo". He has played mainly as a right-sided centre-back. Along with the two red cards received in 2015–16, Diop amassed 25 yellow cards over the course of his three seasons at Toulouse.

Personal life.

Diop's grandfather, Lybasse Diop, played for Bordeaux and was the first Senegalese footballer in Ligue 1. He is also of Moroccan descent through his mother.

Honours.

France U19  Individual

Issa Laye Lucas Jean Diop (born 9 January 1997) is a French professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for English club West Ham United.

Issa Laye Lucas Jean Diop, kurz Issa Diop (* 9. Januar 1997 in Toulouse), ist ein französischer Fußballspieler mit senegalesisch-marokkanischen Wurzeln. Der Innenverteidiger steht aktuell beim Premier League-Club West Ham United unter Vertrag.


Life.

Early training.

He was born in Copenhagen to royal sculptor to the Danish Court, Just Wiedewelt (1677–1757) and his wife Birgitte Lauridsdatter. The elder Wiedewelt recognised his son's talents early, and the boy trained under the Italian history painter Hieronimo Miani, one of the two leaders of the Drawing and Painting Academy ("Tegne- og Malerakademiet") in Copenhagen along with Louis August le Clerc (1688–1771), as early as perhaps 1744. This Academy was the precursor to the still-extant Royal Danish Academy of Art ("Det Kongelige Danske Kunstakademi") established ten years later. When Miani left Denmark in 1745 to return to Italy, the elder Wiedewelt took a stronger hand in training the boy, apprenticing him in his workshop. At the same time the young Wiedeweldt continued at the Academy, drawing under Johan Christof Petzoldt (1708-1762) and he presumedly also trained under royal sculptor to the Danish Court, Didrick Gercken (169-1748). He began already to produce his own works early, and had produced in Spring 1750 two small busts cast in tin of King Frederik V and Queen Louise. He was paid a reasonable sum for this work, and it encouraged him to follow his dream to study outside of Denmark.

Student travel to Paris.

Several months later at nineteen years of age he ventured out on a student travel that took him over Hamburg to Rouen and finally to Paris in August 1750. There he met the Danish Legation secretary to the French Court in Paris Joachim Wasserschlebe (1709-1787) who would become a patron of the young sculptor. With Wasserschlebe's help, Wiedewelt was taken into the studio of the renowned Baroque sculptor Guillaume Coustou the Younger, where from 1750-1754 he worked partially as a student and partially as an assistant. He later received a yearly royal allowance from King Frederik, which was doubled after two years.  In Paris he also came to know Jean-Baptiste Pigalle. During 1752-1754, Wiedewelt made a sculpture of fellow-Dane, Magnus Gustav Arbien (1716–1760), medallionist who was at the time studying under a royal stipend from the Danish Court. Wiedewelt won a silver medallion from the French Academy of Art (Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture) in 1753.  There was a sweeping artistic interest during those times for the study of ancient art. This rage originated in the discoveries of Herculaneum in 1738 and Pompeii in 1748, and was fanned by the directorship of the French Academy, Marquis de Marigny Abel-François Poisson(1727–1781), brother of royal mistressMadame de Pompadour (1721–1764). Poisson introduced the technique of drawing from antiquities, especially architecture, sculpture and landscapes, instead of from models. This technique was based on his experiences in Italy visiting the recently excavated archeological sites.

Continued travel to Rome.

Wiedewelt was the first to receive a travel stipend from the newly established Danish Academy of Art in 1754 and used the funds to travel to Italy. Although Coustou tried to convince Wiedewelt to stay in Paris longer, the young sculptor left for Rome in May 1754. His trip took him over Lyon, Marseille and Civitavecchia; he arrived in Rome on 7 June 1754.  A letter of recommendation from Wasserschlebe introduced Wiedewelt to the Director of the French Academy in Rome ("l ́Academie de France á Rome"), Charles-Joseph Natoire (1700-1777). He lived and studied at the Academy, lodging at the Palazzo Mancini. Natoire put him in contact with others in residence there. Among these were German painter Anton Raphael Mengs, Italian Pompeo Batoni, and German archeologist and art theorist Johann Joachim Winckelmann who arrived in Rome 1755. At the Academy he, along with other students, came under the influence of Giovanni Battista Piranesi, who had lived in Rome since 1740 and who set a heightened focus on antiquities as artistic subject matter.  Wiedewelt visited private collections such as the Farnese collection, as well as the publicly accessible ones such as the Capitoline Museums and the Vatican Museum. He and Johann Winckelmann studied ancient sculptures together, and Winckelmann advised the younger Wiedewelt, encouraging him to use these sculptures as a base for his drawings and to use his knowledge of ancient art as the basis for his artistic production. Wiedewelt made many drawings and sketches of these ancient sculptures during his Roman residence. The two were inseparable. Wiedewelt's friendship and admiration for Winckelmann left a deep impression on him, especially in regards his acquired knowledge and appreciation for Ancient Greek artifacts and art. During his time in Rome he also managed to take excursions to Naples, Pompeii, Herculaneum and Portici. Several of these trips were made in the company of Winckelmann in 1758. The two would remain close, maintaining a lively letter exchange, until Winckelmann was murdered in Trieste in 1768.

Return to Denmark and an artistic career.

Wiedewelt left Rome on 1 July 1758, when his financial support was running out, and after he had been ordered home to Denmark by the Academy. He traveled back in the company of friend, neoclassical painter Johan Edvard Mandelberg. They traveled over Caprarola, Siena, Florence, Pisa, Carrara, Lucca, Bologna, Padua, Venice, and Trieste where they studied the local art collections and churches, and on through the Tyrol and Germany. They arrived back to Copenhagen on 6 October 1758.  Hardly six months after his return Wiedewelt was named member of the newly organised Art Academy, as well as being named royal sculptor to the Danish Court in 1759, inclusive gratis studio at Materialgaarden near Frederiksholm's Canal. He was known for his good taste in art and his knowledge of antiquities. He became quickly the judge of artistic good taste in Denmark.  Commissions soon followed. As a first commission he was requested to sculpt a memorial monument to the long deceased king Christian VI of Denmark by his widowed wife, Sophie Magdalene. The marble monument was completed in 1768, but was not installed at Roskilde Cathedral until 1777. The neoclassical monument included a sarcophagus and two female figures, "Sorgen"and "Berømmelsen". This was the first neoclassical sarcophagus in Denmark, and is considered to be neoclassicism's start in Denmark.  In 1760 he began work on another comprehensive project, sculptural groups, individual sculptures and decorations for the gardens at the French-inspired baroque Fredensborg Palace. He produced a large series of drawings for the King giving his suggestions for the decoration of the gardens. He came to work closely with architect Nicolas-Henri Jardin, with whom he would travel together to London and Paris in the late 1760s. His outdoor sculptures here and at other gardens have come to comprise the greatest assembled collections of his works.  In 1761 he became a professor at the Art Academy. He also took on a leading position with Fourniers Porcelain Factory 1761-1766. Wiedewelt wrote a small manifesto in 1762 entitled"Tanker om Smagen udi Kunsterne i Almindelighed".  He contributed to the decoration of Frederiks Church, also known as the Marble Church ("Marmorkirken") with no less than 64 figures and 30 reliefs. Due to the scale of the royal projects, the time constraints and the common practices of the time Wiedewelt often left the direct work of sculpting be carried out by his studio assistants from sketches, which he delivered.  In 1765-1766 he delivered a plaster allegorical relief and twelve medallions of the Oldenborg kings to the sumptuous Knights Hall ("Riddersalen") at Christiansborg Palace, plus additional decorative pieces. These were all lost in the fire of 1794. Some of the medallions are evidenced in engravings.  He served as Treasurer of the Academy 1767-1772, and served as Director of the same 1772-1778, 1780-1789, and 1793-1795. He exhibited at the Salon for the first time in 1769, and subsequently in 1778 and 1794.  In 1769 he completed the monument to Frederik V in Roskilde Cathedral which includes a large sarcophagus resting on footpieces and decorated by numerous sculptures, behind which is a column topped of an urn, a medallion with the king's portrait, and on each side of the sarcophagus, sitting approx. 9' high above the floor, are two crowned, grieving female figures representing Denmark and Norway. The memorial chapel was created as a collaboration between Wiedewelt and architect Caspar Frederik Harsdorff.

Later career.

In 1768-1769 Wiedewelt traveled to Paris and London in the company of architect Nicolas-Henri Jardin, then architect for Frederik's Church, now known as the Marble Church ("Marmorkirken"). His travel journals show that he visited famous gardens during the trip, and studied them carefully.  Large commissions from the court slowed down drastically after this foreign tour, as Johann Friedrich Struensee's took over control of the country from the weak, young, schizophrenic, newly crowned King Christian VII and put his cost-cutting reforms into place between 1769-1771. These cutbacks also resulted in Jardin's losing his position with the Church after this same two-year travel. German-born Struensee was widely disliked, and between 1770-1772 Wiedewelt created a series of drawings satirizing Struensee and his associate Count Enevold Brandt. He also designed several coins for Christian VII in 1771.  Starting in the early 1770s, the reaction to Struensee led to a wider distrust of foreigners in positions of power in Denmark. This included the foreign-born artists, especially French artists, in the King's service who lost power and influence in Denmark's official artistic and Academic circles. Friend Jardin resigned his professorship at the Academy on 26 March 1771.  From this point on, although Wiedewelt remained court sculptor until his death, his commissions came primarily from private patrons, and were mostly grave monuments and sarcophaguses. He received many such commissions, and during a thirty-year period he produced over 36 such works. Among these are one for Ludvig Holberg in Sorø made in 1779, and another for the first wife of Adam Gottlob Moltke, statesman and high official at the Danish Court.  The only large order he received from the court after that time was one for Høegh-Guldbergs National Historical Garden ("Høegh-Guldbergs nationalhistoriske anlæg") named for Ove Høegh-Guldberg, theologian and historian. The commission consisted of fifty-four monuments to be set up on the expansive grounds of Crown Prince Frederik V's Jægerspris Castle in Jægerspris. They were sculpted between 1777-1789. Wiedewelt was inspired by Ove Malling's book "Store og gode Handlinger af Danske, Norske og Holstenere" published in 1777. He decorated the park with monuments and memorial stones in honour of exceptional Danes, Norwegians, and Holsteiners, placing these pieces in the open parkland. He took advantage of his recent studies of foreign gardens, especially the English garden Stowe Park near Buckingham which he had visited, and created a new visual language.  Additionally his studio produced reliefs in 1773 of Hercules and Omphale for the Hercules Pavilion in the King's Garden ("Kongens Have"), the gardens of Rosenborg Castle in Copenhagen. In 1782 he designed coin cabinets for the Royal Coin Museum ("Det kongelige Møntkabinet") at the same castle.  In 1783 he created Bernstorff Column ("Bernstorffstøtten"), a memorial for Foreign Minister Count Johan Hartvig Ernst Bernstorff in Lyngby, who had early-on instituted agricultural reforms ("landboreformer") on his estate, prior to the land-wide reforms that followed on 20 July 1788.  These land-wide reforms led to the monumental "Frihedsstøtten" in Copenhagen. Work was started August 31, 1792 and it was erected in 1797. It is still on public display although in a new location. The monument was 20 meters high and consisted of an obelisk of red sandstone, a pedestal of grey marble and a base on three steps of red sandstone before the renovation of 1998-1999. Wiedewelt contributed to this piece with the statue "Troskaben", which is one of four sculptures in this large piece, and with the relief "Retfærdighedens Genius". The other artists who contributed to the monument were Nikolaj Abraham Abildgaard, who designed the overall monument, colleague Andreas Weidenhaupt and Nicolai Dajon.  Between 1785-1801, Wiedewelt created fifteen monuments for the day's important people at Assistens Cemetery near Copenhagen's Northern Gate ("Nørreport"). Of these eight can still be seen today in the park-like setting.

Final Years.

Wiedewelt was chosen eight times as Director of the Art Academy; the last time he held the position was 1793-1794. He worked hard to keep the Academy running well, facing often-shifting attitudes from the court and uncertain royal financial support. He was committed to the end, in spite of ill health in his advanced age.  He also worked until the end, even though his own financial means worsened drastically, and he lived in abject poverty. During his many years of good economy he lived a festive life with no restrictions, and he was very generous. When times became rough, as it did not only for him but also for others who were accustomed to royal support, he suffered along with the royal house's financial problems. In spite of his meager economy he continued to support two elderly sisters, a servant man, as well as a poor cousin. He had never married.  By the end Wiedewelt had pawned most of his belongings, when a final catastrophe proved to be too much for him; a shipload of marble blocks he had purchased with borrowed money went to the bottom of the sea near Læsø. This apparently proved to be more than he could handle, and shortly thereafter on 17 December 1802 he drowned in an apparent suicide in Sortedamsøen, a lake just outside that day's Copenhagen limits. He was buried on Christmas Eve at Assistens Cemetery in Copenhagen. His grave monument was made by friend and colleague Andreas Weidenhaupt (1738–1805).

Works.

He had a rich fantasy, and his compositions were easy and natural. His works were tasteful, and influenced by both his French Baroque training and his careful study of and appreciation for late Greek and Roman art. He was well-versed in the use of classical allegory and symbols, especially those having to do with death. He was also inspired by Nordic mythology and ancient, Viking and Icelandic sagas, and made many drawings based on these. Sculptures and reliefs attributed to him and his studio have been lost to time, and are sometimes only evidenced by sketches and engravings.  His works are a part of the royal households and gardens. Those in the gardens are the largest collections of his works in one place. He viewed his garden decorations as creating an outdoors theatre presentation relating to the surrounding trees of various types, to figure groups of sculptures and to decorative columns and obelisks. He had a sense of the developing romantic garden.  His memorial monuments are spread out in churches throughout Denmark, with the royal monuments at Roskilde Cathedral. Many of these monuments can be found at Assistens Cemetery in Copenhagen.  His drawings are also highly esteemed. He illustrated a deluxe edition of Ludvig Holberg's "Peder Paars" in 1772, engravings for which were made by Johan Frederik Clemens, who collaborated with Wiedewelt on several projects. He also made illustrations for a book by Peder Topp Wandal on the Jægerspris Castle project in 1783. Clemens also engraved these illustrations,  Wiedewelt, along with architect Harsdorff, was one of the primary figures responsible for introducing Neoclassicism to Denmark. He was highly esteemed by his contemporaries and by those artists who followed. He is considered an important transitional figure leading to future generations of Danish artists.  He had a large library of books covering many subjects, which often served as a source of inspiration.  As professor at the Academy he introduced his Neoclassical theories to artistic students. Among his many students was Nikolaj Abraham Abildgaard, future Director of the Academy and instructor for Bertel Thorvaldsen.

In memory of Wiedewelt.

In 1803, Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger, poet and playwright, wrote a well-known elegy in his honour, calling him "Denmark's Phidias".  "Taus hun sukker"
 "Bølgen mildt sig lukker"
 "om den gamle Tindings sølvgråe Haar."
 "Hun forsvinder."
 "Dagen bleg oprinder;"
 "Hist paa Frihedsstøtten Lærken slaaer."

 "Troskab græder"
 "I de hvide Marmorklæder"
 "Kold og bleg, den ranke hulde Mø."
 "Haand paa Brystet"
 "Aldrig aldrig trøstet, "
 "stirrer hun henpå den sorte Sø"

 Silently she sighs
 The mild waves close in
 Round the old man's tempels, his silver-grey hair.
 She disappears.
 The pale day runs out.
 Yonder on Freedom's Monument the lark sounds.

 Faithfulness cries
 In its white marble clothes
 Cold and pale, the proud gracious maiden
 Hand on breast
 Never, never comforted
 She stares out onto the dark lake.

Johannes Wiedewelt (1 July 1731 – 17 December 1802), Danish neoclassical sculptor. He became a court sculptor, introducing neoclassical ideals to Denmark in the form of palace decorations, garden sculptures and artifacts and, especially, memorial monuments. He was undoubtedly the best known Danish sculptor before Bertel Thorvaldsen.

Johannes Wiedewelt (* 1. Juli 1731 in Kopenhagen; † 17. Dezember 1802 durch Suizid ebenda) war ein dänischer Bildhauer des Klassizismus.


Description.

The Ganzu vole grows to a head and body length of with a moderate-length tail some long. The dorsal fur is dark reddish-brown and the underparts are dark grey, the guard hairs having buff-coloured tips. The upper surfaces of the hands and feet are dark brown. The tail is dark brown above and paler brown below but not obviously bicoloured as is the case in the closely related Kolan vole ("Caryomys inez"). The two species are also differentiated by the arrangement of the cusps on their molars.

Distribution and habitat.

The Ganzu vole is endemic to mountainous regions of China where it is found in the provinces of Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi, Hubei, Qinghai and Ningxia. Its typical habitat is moist forest with an abundance of mosses and its altitudinal range is above sea level. It seems to occupy the ecological niche that red-backed voles ("Eothenomys" sp.) occupy at lower altitudes.

Ecology.

The Ganzu vole feeds on plant material including buds, leaves, shoots, grasses, seeds and bark.

Status.

The Ganzu vole has a very wide range and is presumed to have a large total population. No specific threats have been identified for this species and there are several protected areas within its range. Although the population trend is unknown, it is unlikely that the species is declining at a fast enough rate to justify listing it in a threatened category so the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".

The Ganzu vole, Eva's red-backed vole, Eva's vole, Gansu vole, or Taozhou vole ("Caryomys eva") is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in mountain forests in China. The IUCN has assessed it as being of "least concern".

Die Gansu-Rötelmaus oder Evas Rotrücken-Wühlmaus ("Caryomys eva", Syn.: "Eothenomys eva") ist eine Nagetierart aus der Gattung der "Caryomys". Sie kommt in den zentralen Gebirgsregionen in China vor.


Personal life.

Zilola Musaeva was born on 28 July 1979, in Fergana. She is married to Ravshanbek Yuldashev and she has two children.

Music career.

Before her solo career, Shahzoda was one of two members of the pop band "Jonim". They came to fame with their song "Qarama koʻzlarimga" ("Don't Look at My Eyes") in 1998. The band separated two years later and both Shahzoda and Aziza launched successful solo careers.  Shahzoda's first single "Bor ekan" became a hit in Uzbekistan and she gained fame in pop culture. Following the success of "Bor ekan" Shahzoda released her first album with the same title in 2002. The Album became one of the best selling albums of the year.  Shahzoda's second album "Baxt boʻladi" was released in 2003 and became another hit album for her. Shahzoda's third album "Keragimsan" was released in 2004 and sold more than 25,000 copies in its first week. Album's first single "Keragimsan" was released in May 2004 on Vodiy Sadosi radio. It became a hit in Uzbekistan. Singles such as "Baxtliman", "Sevgi", "Tamannozi" became hits on radio and TV channels. "Qayt", which is a duet with the well-known Uzbek rapper Shohruh, also became a hit and received positive views from critics. Album's single "Hayot ayt" was chosen as a soundtrack to the Uzbek movie "Fotima va Zuhra" in which Shahzoda played the lead role.  Shahzoda's fourth album "Baxtliman", which was released in 2005, sold more than 50,000 copies in its first week. Album's first single "Keragimsan" was released on radio channels and was received well by fans. Singles such as "Baxtliman", "Faqat sen", "Layli va Majnun" also became hits.  Shahzoda has sung a few songs in the Tajik language, such "Manu tanho" and "Naghz mebinam", and they have been received well by Tajik fans. Her song with Shahriyor, another well-known rapper, "Birinchi sevgi" did well in charts on Uzbek TV channels.  Shahzoda has gained some fame in Russia. Her first single ""1000 i Odna Noch"" and ""Mezhdu Nebom I Zemley""(Feat. Dj Smash) were received well by Russian fans. The video of the song has been played by many Russian Music Channels, including RU-TV.  Shahzoda's studio album entitled "Qora koʻzlaring" was entirely written and produced by the band Benom (Nameless).  In December 2011 Shahzoda was recognized as "The Best Artist in Central Asia and Caucasus" at Big Apple Music Awards held in New York City.  In 2012, Shahzoda started releasing songs in English, such as "Afghana", "All Alone feat Akcent", and "Flying Tonight." "Flying Tonight", which was produced by DJ Sean Bay, was uploaded to YouTube on 12 January 2012.  It was revealed on 12 November that Shahzoda would be representing Uzbekistan at Türkvizyon 2013 with the song "Медленно".

Acting career.

Shahzoda has portrayed main characters in several Uzbek movies. "Fotima va Zuhra", in which Shahzoda played the lead role, did well in box office and Shahzoda received positive reviews for her role. She also played the leading role in the 2007 Uzbek movie ""Zumrad va Qimmat"". The soundtrack for the movie "Orzular" was sung by Shahzoda herself. Shahzoda played at movie celled O Maryam, Maryam which was popular among uzbek people

Filmography.

This is a chronologically-ordered list of films in which Shahzoda has appeared.

Awards.

Shahzoda has received many awards. Most notably "Nihol" which is an Uzbek award given to recognize excellence of professionals in the music and film industries. She has received many Tarona Records Awards, including Best Female Singer, Best Song, Best Lyrics, Best video, Best Collaboration, and Best Design.

Zilola Bahodirovna Musaeva (; born 28 July 1979), most commonly known by her stage name Shahzoda, is an Uzbek singer and actress. Shahzoda has become a highly popular singer in Uzbekistan and other neighboring countries.

Shahzoda (; bürgerlicher Name,, "Silola Bachodyrowna Mussajewa"; * 28. Juli 1979 in Fargona, Usbekische SSR) ist eine usbekische Popsängerin, die neben ihrem Heimatland auch in einigen anderen Ländern Zentralasiens populär ist.


History.

By 1805, many Mennonites from Pennsylvania had settled nearby in Berlin but Wellesley Township itself was not surveyed until 1842-43, by which time squatters had occupied in certain areas.  In 1837, John Philip Schweitzer from Germany squatted at what is now Hawkesville, and had of land cleared over the following nine years. Then, John Hawke received government permission to buy the clearing for $700.00 on the condition that he build a grist mill (for flour) and a sawmill within two years.  The village of St. Clements was settled in 1840, by Michael Spiehlmacker. A post office opened in 1853. By 1864, there was a large Roman Catholic church, two stores, three hotels and some tradesmen, although the population was only about 100. By 1869, the population had increased to 200 and the post office was receiving mail daily.  Records from 1846 about the entire Township indicate that much of the land had been "Queen's Rush, crown land, where fifty acre lots were given away to actual settlers". The Population of the entire township in 1841, was only 254.  The area now the village of Wellesley on the Nith River was first settled in 1847, by John Smith and was originally called "Schmidtsville". The post office opened in 1851 and the village was renamed "Wellesley" after Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley, the eldest brother of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington. The community quickly grew to be the largest economic centre in rural Waterloo County, with a wood mill, feed mill, a grain mill (which still stands after being constructed in 1856), leather tanner, cheese factory, restaurants and housing, and many other businesses that also brought much trade to the town from the nearby farms and farming villages. By 1864, the village also had two stores, a flour mill, three wagon makers, boot and shoe shops, a hotel two churches and a school with 78 students. By 1869, the population of the village of Wellesley was 400; the nearest rail station was away in Baden.  The village of Heidelberg was settled in the 1840s and had a post office by 1855, receiving mail three times a week. By 1864, it contained two stores, two hotels, a Lutheran Church, and a school; the population was about 250. The township had three Roman Catholic Separate schools. In 1869, the village of Bamberg had a population of 200; it was on the stagecoach line to St. Agatha.  When the Waterloo County boundaries were established in 1852 to include the townships of Waterloo, Wellesley, Wilmot, Woolwich, and North Dumfries, John Hawke was named the first reeve of Wellesley and the first township hall was built in Hawkesville. When the decision was being made for the location of a county seat, Hawkesville originally anticipated being chosen over Berlin and Galt. However, John Hawke had the deciding vote, and he cast it in favour of Berlin. With the railway and the county seat, Berlin began to grow rapidly and kept on growing; Hawkesville flourished only until the end of the century before diminishing.  At the end of the 1900s, the area was home to doctors, blacksmiths, and merchants, as well as a tannery, hotels, and churches. Into the early 1900s, the village carriage and wagon maker, George Diefenbacker (his preferred spelling) would entertain his grandson, John Diefenbaker, each summer.  The first library in Wellesley Village was incorporated in 1900, and except for the period between 1916 and 1921, there has been continuous public library service ever since. The current branch, now part of the Region of Waterloo Library system, is located in the former S.S. No. 16 Wellesley Township public school building. The school closed its doors in 1967. The building gradually came back to life as the library was placed in the left classroom on the main floor in July 1970.  A residential summer camp for children has been located on Paradise Lake, located near Bamberg, since 1924; Camp Ki-WaY was owned by the Kiwanis Club until 2009 when it was donated to the YMCA. The early settlers of Bamberg were from Germany and the village was initially named Weimar; it was changed to Bamberg in 1852. The first settlers were squatters, including the Moser and Kroetsch families. By 1904, Bamberg, had two general stores, various businesses, a brewery, and post office.

Geography.

The country scenery and rolling hills, along with its small town feel, have gradually transformed the township into a growing commuter town with a population mostly living in suburban developments, and travelling into the nearby cities of Kitchener and Waterloo for work.  Hawkesville never would get the railroad. On a hill itself, ringed by the flat of the Conestoga River, itself inside a ring of tall hills, it was deemed too difficult a task to bring the trains through town. Instead of progress, Hawkesville has maintained the charm of the surrounding sugar maple woods and the quiet river banks. Summer mornings are sure to find a few young fishermen reclined on the bank, reeling in northern pike, yellow perch, and rainbow trout.  To the south, the tall hills beyond the river plain shelters a large gravel pit and in the skies over the hills, the river, the village and the woods, are sure to be found the red-tailed hawk and the common sightings of cardinals, blue jays, robins, chickadees, nuthatch, and numerous song sparrow.  Paradise Lake is surrounded by cottages on private land; there is no public access to the water nor a public beach.

Communities.

The township of Wellesley comprises the communities of Bamberg, Crosshill, Dorking, Hawkesville, Heidelberg, Kingwood, Knight's Corners, Linwood, Macton, Paradise Lake, St. Clements, Wallenstein and Wellesley.

Demographics.

The population of the township at the time of the 2016 census was 11,260. The following chart shows the growth since 1991: Private dwellings occupied by usual residents in 2016: 3,337 (total dwellings: 3,403).

Economy.

Most of the earlier companies have left the town of Wellesley, but many historic buildings still remain that enrich the heritage of the downtown area. A notable business that had its beginning in Wellesley is Erb Transport, which moved to the nearby town of New Hamburg. Presently, the largest businesses in town are Wellesley Apple Products (founded in 1922), two hardware and lumber retailers, two feed retailers, a gas station, a bank, an arena, an accessible playground, a splash pad, a community centre, a grocery store, a drug store, a furniture store, a funeral home, retirement residences, three auto body shops, insurance brokerages, a veterinary clinic, a bakery, a flower shop, a movie store, a pizza shop, a chiropractor, a catering business, three restaurants, a butcher shop, gourmet meats and deli, an art gallery, and numerous hair dressers.  Hawkesville is home to several small and medium size businesses including the larger Frey Building Contractors and the Country Lane Builders. The town is home to three furniture businesses: Chervin Custom Woodworks, Hawkwoods Custom Furniture, and Homestead Woodworks. Hawkesville was also home to Noah Martin and his famous summer sausage. Since his passing, Noah Martin's summer sausage has been made outside of Hawkesville.  The largest employer in the township is Jones Feed Mill, located in Linwood. They manufacture a large array of livestock and pet feeds as well as edible grains out of four facilities. The mill has been family run for almost 100 years. Currently Jeff Jones, grandson of the founder, is the president and CEO. Linwood is also home to Linwood Veterinary Services, one of the largest farm animal veterinary clinics in southwestern Ontario.  Also, there are many small manufacturing companies in the township such as EMB Manufacturing, makers of the Wallenstein brand of forestry equipment.

Arts and culture.

In celebration of some of the town's most well-known exports, the Wellesley Apple Butter and Cheese Festival was first held in 1975, and has been held annually on the last Saturday in September ever since. The festivities include many street market venues, coach rides, remote-controlled boat races, open heritage sites and amusements, horseshoe-pitching contests, guided farm tours, live music, meals that can be purchased on the main street, and a classic car show, all of which now attract thousands of visitors each year.  Linwood hosted its first Elvis festival in August 2008. This features Elvis impersonators from throughout Ontario.  On June 24, 2006, the town held its first annual Art Around the Pond gala where artisans of all kind were able to exhibit and advertise their creations and expertise. Stalls and tables are organized around the north and south sides of the Wellesley Pond while visitors can navigate the trail on the east side to access both ends. Speeches by local governors are given and live music is played on the central island.  The Wellesley Fall Fair is held once every year on the second Tuesday and Wednesday of September following Labour Day. There is a parade at around noon on the Wednesday that the local public school participates in and there are also rides and activities located on the community centre grounds.  Wellesley has also held the Wellesley Santa Claus Parade early in December since 2005 which includes floats created by many local businesses, churches and other organizations from around the area mainly driving down Queen's Bush Road, Nafziger Road, Maple Leaf Street, and Molesworth Street.  Though only the Hawkesville Mennonite Church and the Countryside Conservative Mennonite Fellowship remain, Hawkesville has been the birthplace of several congregations. A Presbyterian congregation worshipped in town from 1868 to 1946. Their old church building was dedicated as Hawkesville Mennonite Church on January 1, 1950.  A United Brethren church also existed in Hawkesville from 1865 until 1904. The gothic windows and rafters are still visible inside the shop of Hawkwoods Custom Furniture.  Another group started meeting in 1931 and completed the building of a Gospel Hall next door to the village's cemetery in 1939. This group became the Hawkesville Bible Chapel, but their Hall became overcrowded and they moved into a new building in Wallenstein in 1968 where the Wallenstein Bible Chapel remains today.  The first Catholic Church built in the township was a log church built in St. Clements around 1840, in 1853, the log church was deemed too small and in 1858, a large brick church was completed. A brass band from Buffalo, New York gave a concert before the church dedication. At the time of its opening, it was said to be the largest and finest church west of Toronto.  The Region of Waterloo Library operates branches in St. Clements, Linwood and Wellesley Village, which host author readings, family storytimes, and a variety of other programs.

Sports.

Wellesley is home to the Wellesley Applejacks, a junior hockey team that plays in the Provincial Junior Hockey League.  The Linwood Chiefs are the township's main junior fastball club and play in the South Perth Men's Fastball League.  The Wellesley Fishing Derby is an annual event, held on Labour Day Monday, also located on the pond in which fishers attempt to catch three tagged fish which cash prizes are awarded for.  On occasion, the Canadian Horseshoe Pitching Championships are held in Wellesley at the Kitchener-Waterloo Khaki Club. They've been in town the years of 1983, 1985, 1995, and 2001.  The community hosts an inter-township soap box derby, Wellesley Soap Box Classic that includes numerous teams and individual contestants who race their vehicles down the hill of Nafziger Road, just short of the downtown area.

The Township of Wellesley is the rural, north-western township of the Regional Municipality of Waterloo in Ontario, Canada. It encompasses and had a population of 11,260 in the Canada 2016 Census.

Wellesley ist eine Gemeinde in der Regional Municipality of Waterloo im Südwesten der kanadischen Provinz Ontario mit 10.710 Einwohnern (2011).


Results summary.

Summary of the 1988 United States Senate election results  Source:

Gains and losses.

The Democrats captured four Republican seats: one open and three defeated incumbents, which were partially offset by the Republican capture of two open seats and the defeat of one Democratic incumbent.

Race summary.

Special elections.

There were no special elections in 1988.

Elections leading to the next Congress.

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning January 3, 1989; ordered by state.  All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.

Arizona.

Incumbent Democrat Dennis DeConcini was reelected to a third term over Republican Keith DeGreen, Marine veteran and financial advisor.

California.

Incumbent Republican Pete Wilson won re-election to a second term over Democrat Leo T. McCarthy, Lieutenant Governor of California and former Speaker of the California State Assembly. As of 2020, this is the last Senate election in California won by a Republican.

Connecticut.

Incumbent Republican Lowell P. Weicker Jr. ran for re-election to a fourth term, but was defeated by Democratic Connecticut Attorney General Joe Lieberman, the Connecticut Attorney General and eventual 2000 nominee for Vice President of the United States who would remain in office until 2013, when he retired.

Delaware.

Incumbent Republican William Roth won re-election to a fourth term, beating Democrat Shien Biau Woo, Lieutenant Governor of Delaware

Florida.

Incumbent Democrat Lawton Chiles decided to retire instead of seeking a fourth term. Republican U.S. Representative Connie Mack III won the open seat over Democrat Bill Gunter, the Florida State Treasurer.  This senate election was heavily targeted by both parties. U.S. Representative Mack announced his candidacy back in October 1987. President Ronald Reagan endorsed Mack in June 1988 to allow Mack to focus on the general election, a to allow Mack to focus on the general elections he easily won the September 6 Republican primary against U.S. Attorney Robert Merkle. In May 1988, MacKay announced he would run for the open seat, and defeated Insurance Commissioner Bill Gunter in a close October 4 runoff primary election.  The general election became very nasty. MacKay tried to portray the Republican as "extremist." Mack attacked his opponent in television ads by connecting him to unpopular Massachusetts Governor and presidential candidate Michael Dukakis. Mack had help from vice presidential candidate Dan Quayle. The election was so close there was a recount until MacKay conceded eight days after election day.

Hawaii.

Incumbent Democrat Spark Matsunaga won re-election to a third term, beating Republican cattle rancher Maria Hustace.

Indiana.

Incumbent Republican Richard Lugar was re-elected to a third term over Democratic attorney Jack Wickes.  Lugar, a popular incumbent, had token opposition in this election. An April 1988 poll showed that Lugar lead 65% to 23%. By June, Lugar raised over $2 million, while Wickes raised just over $100,000. Lugar agreed to debate Wickes on September 10, 1988.  Lugar won overall with two-thirds of the vote and won 91 of Indiana's 92 counties, Wickes won only the Democratic stronghold of Lake County.

Maine.

Incumbent Democrat George J. Mitchell won re-election to a second full term over Republican Jasper Wyman, leader of Maine Christian Civic League and businessman. As of 2020, this is the last Senate election in Maine won by a Democrat.

Maryland.

Incumbent Democratic Paul Sarbanes was reelected to a third term over Republican Alan Keyes, former Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs.

Massachusetts.

Incumbent Democrat Ted Kennedy won re-election to his fifth full term over Republican Joseph D. Malone.

Michigan.

Incumbent Democrat Don Riegle won re-election to a third term over Republican U.S. Congressman James Whitney Dunn.

Minnesota.

Incumbent Republican David Durenberger won re-election to his second full term, beating Democrat Skip Humphrey, the Minnesota Attorney General and former State Senator.

Mississippi.

Incumbent Democrat John C. Stennis decided to retire instead of seeking an eighth term. Republican Trent Lott won the open seat, beating Democrat Wayne Dowdy, U.S. Congressman from the 4th district.

Missouri.

Incumbent Republican John Danforth won re-election over Democratic state senator and future Governor Jay Nixon.

Montana.

Incumbent John Melcher, who was first elected to the Senate in 1976 and was re-elected in 1982, ran for re-election. After winning the Democratic primary, he faced Yellowstone County Commissioner Conrad Burns in the general election, and in the general election a grueling campaign followed. Ultimately, Melcher was narrowly defeated in his bid for re-election by Burns.

Nebraska.

Republican David Karnes decided to seek election to his first complete term after being appointed to the seat of the late Edward Zorinsky in March 1987, but was soundly defeated by Democratic former governor Bob Kerrey in the November general election.

Nevada.

Incumbent Republican Chic Hecht ran for re-election to a second term, but lost to Democratic Governor Richard Bryan.

New Jersey.

Incumbent Democrat Frank Lautenberg won re-election to a second term with a margin of 8.37% over Republican Pete Dawkins, military veteran and CEO of Primerica Financial Services, Inc..  The campaign was full of political mudslinging, with Lautenberg accusing Dawkins of being a carpetbagger, noting his very brief residency in the state, and also accusing Dawkins' campaign of lying about his war record. Dawkins accused Lautenberg of running a smear campaign against, called him a "swamp dog", and criticized him for saying he voted eight times against a senatorial pay raise without mentioning the fact that he did vote once for the pay raise.

New Mexico.

Incumbent Democrat Jeff Bingaman won re-election to a second term, beating Republican New Mexico State Senator Bill Valentine.

New York.

Incumbent Democrat Daniel Patrick Moynihan won re-election to a third term, over Republican Robert R. McMillan, business executive of Avon Products and Reagan Administration advisor.

North Dakota.

The incumbent, Quentin Burdick of the North Dakota Democratic NPL Party, sought and received re-election to his sixth term, defeating Republican candidate Earl Strinden.  Only Burdick filed as a Dem-NPLer, and the endorsed Republican candidate was Earl Strinden of Grand Forks, North Dakota, who was President of the University of North Dakota Alumni Association. As in the Burdick's previous re-election campaign, the senator's age became an issue for voters as he was 80 years old during the campaign. However, challenger Strinden commented that he did not want to raise the age issue. Burdick and Strinden won the primary elections for their respective parties.  The Burdick campaign hired high-profile Washington, D.C. campaign consultant Bob Squire of Squire Eskew Communications. To counter the potential age issue, Burdick successfully focused the message on the "clout" he had earned over decades in the Senate, as well as his Chairmanship of Senate Agricultural Appropriations sub-committee and his Chairmanship of the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee.  One independent candidate, Kenneth C. Gardner, also filed before the deadline, officially calling himself a libertarian. Gardner had previously run for North Dakota's other United States Senate seat an independent in 1974, challenging Milton Young. He only received 853 votes in that election.

Ohio.

Incumbent Democrat Howard Metzenbaum won re-election over George Voinovich, Mayor of Cleveland and former Lieutenant Governor of Ohio.

Pennsylvania.

Incumbent Republican H. John Heinz III successfully sought re-election to another term, defeating Democratic nominee Joe Vignola, Philadelphia City Controller.  Joe Vignola was not expected by Democratic Party leaders to have a substantial chance at defeating the popular incumbent John Heinz, even predicting that Vignola would become "Heinz's 58th variety," referring to an advertising slogan of the H. J. Heinz Company. Heinz, knowing this, ran a low-profile re-election campaign and was safely ahead in polling. Vignola traveled across Pennsylvania promoting an increase in domestic spending, including education and healthcare, while decreasing the defense budget to compensate. Vignola ran a positive campaign, in contrast with Cyril Wecht six years previously, although many Democratic ward leaders and committee members had given up on the campaign and had stopped campaigning for Vignola.  Heinz easily defeated Vignola to win the election and another term in the Senate, carrying every Pennsylvania county except Philadelphia, Vignola's home town, and by a comfortable 1.49 million vote margin. Heinz performed well in suburban areas, as well as the central, southwestern and northeastern portions of the state. Outside of Philadelphia, Vignola's best county-wide showing was in Mercer County, where he won 36% of the vote, and his poorest county-wide performance was in Snyder County, where he won 12% of the vote. Although Heinz's landslide victory was largely expected among Democratic leaders, Heinz won by a wide margin despite the Democrats' 551,000-voter registration advantage statewide.  Heinz died in an airplane crash on April 4, 1991, in Lower Merion Township, Pennsylvania. Democrat Harris Wofford was appointed on May 8 to fill the vacancy caused by Heinz's death, and subsequently won a special election in November 1991. In the 1994 election, however, Wofford was defeated by Republican Rick Santorum.

Rhode Island.

Incumbent Republican John Chafee won re-election to a third term, beating Democratic Lieutenant Governor and former State Senator Richard Licht.

Tennessee.

Incumbent Democrat Jim Sasser won re-election to a third term over Republican Bill Anderson.

Texas.

Incumbent Democrat Lloyd Bentsen won re-election to a fourth term defeating Republican Representative Beau Boulter.  Bentsen easily won the Democratic nomination for another term, while Boulter came through a run-off in the Republican primary defeating Wes Gilbreath. After being nominated for the senate Bentsen was chosen by Michael Dukakis as his vice-presidential running mate and therefore ran for both the Senate and the vice-presidency at the same time. Bentsen was always the favorite for the senate election and won with 59.2% of the vote, compared to 40% for Boulter.  As of 2020, this was the last time a Democrat won a United States Senate election in Texas.  In the Democratic primary Democratic senator Lloyd Bentsen defeated the same opponent he had beaten in 1982, Joe Sullivan, a psychology professor from San Antonio.  Bentsen had been Senator from Texas since first winning election in 1970 and had been re-elected in 1976 and 1982. He was also Chairman of the Senate Finance Committee and the clear favourite for re-election in 1988. Sullivan stood on a platform calling for reduced spending by the federal government, but had been easily defeated by Bentsen in the 1982 Democratic primary. This was repeated in 1988 with Bentsen winning the primary with over 80% of the vote.  Four candidates competed for the Republican nomination; U.S. representative Beau Boulter, former state representative Milton Fox, millionaire Houston businessman Wes Gilbreath and businessman Ned Snead. Boulter was a two-term representative for the 13th district, while Gilbreath was competing in his first election, but spent $500,000 on the primary.  Wes Gilbreath led in the March primary with 36.7%, but as no candidate won a majority, went into a run-off election against Beau Boulter who came second with 30.5%.  There were few policy differences between Boulter and Gilbreath, with both candidates being conservatives who opposed abortion and called for reduced government spending. Gilbreath spent about one million dollars of his money in his contest for the primary, while Boulter spent about $250,000. However Boulter won endorsements from many Texas Republican leaders, including the candidates who had come third and fourth in the March primary, as well as from anti-abortion groups.  Boulter won the April run-off for the Republican nomination with just over 60% of the vote.  In July 1988 the Democratic presidential nominee Michael Dukakis chose Lloyd Bentsen to be the Democratic vice-presidential candidate. As the Texas Democrats had already had their primary for senate candidate, Bentsen could not be replaced on the ballot. Bentsen was however able to run both for the Senate and for vice-president as Lyndon Johnson had gotten Texas law changed in 1960 to allow Johnson to do the same at the 1960 election.  Lloyd Bentsen won the senate election by a clear margin over Beau Boulter, at the same time as he and Michael Dukakis lost the presidential race, with George Bush winning Texas with 56% of the vote compared to 43% for Dukakis. Bentsen's vote total in the senate election was reported to be at the time the highest vote total in any Texas statewide election.

Utah.

Incumbent Orrin Hatch easily won re-election to a third term over Democrat Brian Moss.

Vermont.

Incumbent Republican Robert Stafford did not run for re-election to another term in the United States Senate. Republican candidate Jim Jeffords defeated Democratic candidate Bill Gray to succeed him.

Virginia.

Former Democratic governor Chuck Robb replaced Republican Senator Paul S. Trible Jr., who opted not to run for re-election. Robb beat Republican Maurice A. Dawkins, minister and black activist.

Washington.

Incumbent Republican Daniel J. Evans decided to retire instead of running for re-election to a full term, after being appointed to the seat in 1983, and won re-election to a partial term that same year. Republican former U.S. Senator Slade Gorton, who had just lost a re-election bid in 1986, won the open seat over congressman Mike Lowry.

West Virginia.

Incumbent Democrat Robert Byrd won re-election to a sixth term over Republican, State Senator Jay Wolfe.

Wisconsin.

Incumbent Democrat William Proxmire decided to retire, instead of running for re-election to a sixth full term. Democratic businessman Herb Kohl won the open seat, beating Republican State Senator Susan Engeleiter.

Wyoming.

Incumbent Republican Malcolm Wallop ran for re-election to a fourth term, and was narrowly re-elected, defeating the Democratic State Senator John Vinich by a margin of a little over 1,300 votes.  Despite being a reliably Republican state, Vinich, a Democrat, was able to impressively compete with Wallop. During the campaign, Wallop attacked Vinich as being a tax-and-spend liberal who was beholden to labor and anti-business. Vinich, in turn, cited his "A" score he got from the National Rifle Association due to his votes in the Wyoming Legislature to counter Wallop's attacks, and possibly attract conservative voters.

The 1988 United States Senate elections was an election for the United States Senate in which, in spite of the Republican victory by George H. W. Bush in the presidential election, the Democrats gained a net of one seat in the Senate. Seven seats changed parties, with four incumbents being defeated. The Democratic majority in the Senate increased by one from 54–to–46 to 55–to–45.

Die Wahl zum Senat der Vereinigten Staaten 1988 zum 101. Kongress der Vereinigten Staaten fand am 8. November statt. Sie war Teil der Wahlen in den Vereinigten Staaten an diesem Tag und fiel mit der Präsidentschaftswahl zusammen, in der George Bush gewählt wurde.


Demographics.

India census, Bakhtiyarpur had a population of 47,897. Males constitute 52.5% of the population and females 47.5%. Bakhtiyarpur has an average literacy rate of 70%, higher than the state average of 61.8 %; with 78% of the males and 61.1 % of females literate. About 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. Sex ratio is at 903 against the state average of 918. Majority of the residents follow Hinduism, approx. 95%, but there is scant presence of Sikhs and Jains(0.01%) and approx. 5% of Muslims.

Naming.

Bakhtiarpur is named after Bakhtiyar Khilji, who was military general of Qutb-ud- din Aybak and responsible for destruction of Nalanda University and later founded bakhtiyar city  Bakhtiyarpur railway station is located on the Howrah–Delhi main line and is about 46 km away from Patna. Bakhtiyarpur-Tilaiya line also originates here, connecting Rajgir, Bihar Sharif and Harnaut of Nalanda district up to Tilaiya and to be extended to Koderma Junction railway station.  Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Airport, Patna is the nearest airport. Gaya Airport is also close to Bakhtiyarpur city with a distance of approximately 120 km.  Bakhtiarpur is connected to Patna by NH 31, a 4-lane Expressway in the west, and NH 20 towards south to connect Bihar Sharif up to Ranchi and Barh in the east. Regular bus service is available for these places. It is also connected to Mokama by a 2-lane NH parallel to the Ganga River. A 4-lane bridge Bakhtiyarpur-Tajpur Bridge is also under construction for connecting Patna district to Samastipur district. A state highway road SH 108 between bakhtiyarpur and fatuha which is old NH 30,

Bakhtiyarpur is a block and a notified area in Patna district in the state of Bihar, India. Bakhtiyarpur is under the Patna Sahib (Lok Sabha constituency), and is a Vidhan Sabha constituency of Bihar in Patna District under the Barh sub-division of Bihar. It is a major railway junction in Danapur railway division, ECR. The incumbent Chief Minister of Bihar, Nitish Kumar belongs to Bakhtiyarpur.

Bakhtiarpur oder Bakhtiyarpur (Hindi:, Urdu: بختیرپور) ist eine ca. 50.000 Einwohner zählende Stadt im nordindischen Bundesstaat Bihar. Die Stadt erhielt ihren Namen nach Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji, dem muslimischen Eroberer Nordostindiens in den Jahren um 1300 n. Chr.


Sports Involvement.

Asian Games.

In 1966, he earned the accolade of being the fastest man in Asia by winning three gold medals at the Bangkok Asian Games in the 100 m, 200 m and 4 × 100 m Men's Relay events.

Commonwealth Games.

At the Kingston Commonwealth Games in 1966, Dr Jega became the first Malaysian to qualify for the final of the 220-yard (now the 200 m) race.  Dr Jegathesan was not only an accomplished athlete, doctor and researcher, but held important responsibilities as Chairman of the Commonwealth Games Federation (CGF) Medical Commission and honorary Medical Advisor for the 2006 Melbourne Commonwealth Games.  In an interview with the New Straits Times, Dr Jega said it was a great honour, to serve his country.  "But in whatever capacity, being part of the Commonwealth Games in itself keeps the adrenaline pumping as it brings back fond memories," he said.

Olympic Games.

Dr Jega has competed in three consecutive Olympic Games, namely Rome (1960), Tokyo (1964) and Mexico (1968).  Dr Jegathesan qualified for two 200 m semi-finals in the Olympics and his time of 20.92 s, set in 1968 at the Mexico Olympics, still remains in the Malaysian athletics records book.  His 200 m record is probably the oldest in the records books but as much as he would love to see his record remain intact, he hopes Malaysian athletes would take down his record and to reinstate the country's status as a leading power in athletics, as it did in the 1960s.  "It is my sincere hope to see Malaysia emerge as an athletics powerhouse in the region and appear in the final of a major event like the Asian, Commonwealth or Olympic Games," he said.

References.

Sports Reference

Tan Sri Dr. Jegathesan Manikavasagam (born 2 November 1943), is often referred to as the "Flying Doctor of Malaysia" for his athletic achievements in Asia, despite being firstly a medical student then a doctor. He was an icon in the 1960s, regarded as the "Golden Era" of Malaysian athletics. In his hey day, he was regarded as the fastest man in Asia. He served the government health service for 32 years including the posts of Director of the Institute for Medical Research and Deputy Director-General of the Ministry of Health, Malaysia

Manikavasagam Jegathesan (* 2. November 1943 in Kuala Kangsar) ist ein ehemaliger malaysianischer Sprinter. Bei den Olympischen Spielen 1960 in Rom schied er über 400 m im Vorlauf aus.


1812 and 1813 United States House of Representatives elections

Election summaries.

Following the 1810 Census, the House was reapportioned, adding 39 new seats.

Special elections.

There were special elections in 1812 and 1813 to the 12th United States Congress and 13th United States Congress.  Special elections are sorted by date then district.

Connecticut.

Connecticut elected its members September 21, 1812. Its apportionment was unchanged after the 1810 census.

Delaware.

Delaware gained a seat after the 1810 Census, and chose to elect both seats on a general ticket. The ten years between 1813 and 1823 were the only time when Delaware was represented by more than one Representative, and is one of only three states (the other two being Alaska and Wyoming) that have never been divided into districts.  Delaware elected its members October 6, 1812.

Georgia.

Georgia gained two seats after the 1810 Census.  Georgia elected its members October 5, 1812.

Kentucky.

Kentucky gained four seats after the 1810 Census.  Georgia elected its members August 3, 1812.

Louisiana.

Louisiana held its election for the 13th Congress September 28–30, 1812, at the same time as the election for the 12th Congress, with nearly-identical results.

Maryland.

Maryland's apportionment was unchanged. It elected its members October 12, 1812.

Massachusetts.

Massachusetts gained three seats after the 1810 Census, all of which were added to the District of Maine. Its elections were held November 5, 1812, but since Massachusetts law required a majority for election, which was not met in the, a second ballot was held there January 6, 1813.

New Hampshire.

New Hampshire gained one seat after the 1810 Census. Its elections were held August 31, 1812.

New Jersey.

New Jersey kept its delegation at six seats but changed from electing its Representatives on a statewide general ticket to using three plural districts of two seats each. These districts were used only for the 1812 election, and the state returned to using a single at-large district in 1814. This was only the second time that New Jersey used districts (the first being in 1798).  There was a statewide at-large election held in November 1812, that was invalidated:

New York.

Ten seats were added after the 1810 Census, bringing New York's representation to 27, the largest of any state at the time. New York would remain the state with the most members until surpassed by California in the 1970 Census. There were two separate House of Representatives elections in 1812. The first was held in April 1812 for an un-reapportioned 17 representatives. This election was subsequently declared void and a new election was held on December 15–17, 1812, in which only three incumbents ran and two of whom were re-elected. New York thereby lost 4 Democratic-Republicans and gained 14 Federalists.

North Carolina.

North Carolina gained one representative as a result of the Census of 1810. Its elections were held April 30, 1813, after the term began but before Congress's first meeting.

Ohio.

The 1810 Census revealed dramatic population growth in Ohio since 1800, resulting in its representation increasing from a single Representative to six, resulting in the State being broken up into 6 districts, abolishing the. Jeremiah Morrow (Democratic-Republican), who had served since Ohio achieved statehood in 1803, retired to run for U.S. Senator, so that all six seats were open. Its elections were held October 13, 1812.  There was aspecial election in the, held due to the death of Representative-elect John S. Edward before Congress met. That election was won by Reasin Beall.

Pennsylvania.

Pennsylvania gained five seats in the House of Representatives as a result of the Census of 1810, which awarded it a total of 23 seats. Pennsylvania was re-districted into 15 districts, one with 4 seats, five with 2, and the remaining nine with 1 seat each. There were seven open seats for this election, five resulting from the increase in apportionment, and two resulting from the retirement of incumbents. Its elections were held October 13, 1812.

Rhode Island.

Rhode Island's apportionment was unchanged. Its elections were held August 25, 1812.

South Carolina.

South Carolina gained one representative as a result of the 1810 Census, increasing from 8 seats to 9. Its elections were held October 12–13, 1812.

Tennessee.

Tennessee's representation increased from 3 seats to 6 as a result of the 1810 Census.  Its elections were held April 1–2, 1813, after the term began but before Congress's first meeting.

Vermont.

Vermont gained two seats after the 1810 Census. Rather than re-district, however, Vermont replaced its districts with a single at-large district. It would continue to use an at-large district in 1814, 1816, and 1818, then one more time in 1822 (with 5 seats).  Its elections were held September 1, 1812.

Virginia.

Virginia gained one seat after the 1810 Census, bringing its representation in the House of Representatives to 23 seats, the largest number Virginia would ever have. Virginia went from having the most representatives to having the second-most tied with Pennsylvania. New York, with its 27 seats, surpassed Virginia and remained the most populous state until the late 1960s.  Its elections were held in April 1813, after the term began but before Congress's first meeting.

Non-voting delegates.

Four territories had delegates in the 13th Congress: Illinois, Indiana, Mississippi, and Missouri. Illinois Territory and Missouri Territory elected their delegates in 1812 for both the end of the 12th and the start of the 13th Congresses.

Elections to the United States House of Representatives for the 13th Congress were held at various dates in different states between April 1812 and August 1813 as James Madison was re-elected President.

Bei der Wahl zum Repräsentantenhaus der Vereinigten Staaten 1812 wurden in den Vereinigten Staaten ab dem 3. August 1812 an verschiedenen Wahltagen die Abgeordneten des Repräsentantenhauses gewählt. Die Wahl war Teil der allgemeinen Wahlen zum 13. Kongress der Vereinigten Staaten in jenem Jahr, in dem auch ein Drittel der US-Senatoren gewählt wurde. Gleichzeitig fand auch die Präsidentschaftswahl des Jahres 1812 statt, die der Amtsinhaber James Madison von der Demokratisch-Republikanischen Partei gewann.


Early life.

At the age of 14, Wendy Oxenhorn moved on her own to New York City, where she attended the School of American Ballet and danced with New York City Ballet.  When Oxenhorn was 17, a ballet career-ending knee injury drew her into depression when she was told by doctors that if she continued to dance, she would become crippled. This news prompted Oxenhorn to call a suicide hotline where she ended up consoling the counselor on the line, who was herself depressed. Oxenhorn started working at the suicide hotline three days later, thus beginning her career in the humanitarian arena.

Career.

In 1990, Oxenhorn co-founded the newspaper, Street News, with Hutchinson Persons, which provided employment and income for a homeless workforce. Oxenhorn recruited Fortune 500 CEOs and celebrities, built the infrastructure, marketing and fundraising for the organization, gaining coverage on the front pages of New York Times, Wall Street Journal, and Herald Tribune as well as appearing on talk shows including Regis and Kathy Lee, CBS Nightline, TODAY Show, and others. Recruited donors included Malcolm Forbes, Cyndi Lauper, Clive Davis, Ben & Jerry, Thomas Mosser, New York Times President Lance Primis, and then White House Chief of Staff, John H. Sununu. At its peak, Street News employed over 2000 homeless men and women in New York City and had a circulation of 250,000. It is credited with being the first homeless sold newspaper, inspiring as many as 150 similar newspapers in major cities throughout the world.  In 1994 Oxenhorn started a Board of Education approved public school program called Children of Substance. Children of Substance was a support group that helped middle school aged girls cope with drug addicted and alcoholic parents. The program gathered these 12-year-old girls who suffered from Bulimia and depression, incest or suicide attempts, and brought them together in small meetings with guest speakers who were adult children of alcoholic parents. These supportive meetings gave the girls the courage to say out loud what was happening to them, to bond with one another and to realize they were no longer alone.  Oxenhorn later began teaching herself blues harmonica on empty subway platforms late at night so she wouldn't wake her neighbors. She eventually started playing with an elderly blues man from Mississippi who regularly performed in the New York train stations. Oxenhorn quit her day job to play the blues full-time for over a year. She credits this experience, along with her non-profit background, with landing her position as Executive Director of the Jazz Foundation of America.

Jazz Foundation of America work.

In 2000 Oxenhorn took over the executive directorship of the Jazz Foundation of America (JFA), which provides assistance to elderly professional jazz, blues & R & B musicians in need. At the time, the organization had $7,000 in its accounts and handled 35 clients per year. In 2001 Oxenhorn conceived and produced what became the major annual JFA fundraising event: "A Great Night in Harlem." Named after the famed Art Kane photograph, A Great Day in Harlem, Oxenhorn's Great Night in Harlem Concert at the Apollo Theater has been a hugely successful annual fundraising event, which would not have been possible without Lauren Roberts, a co-worker and Jarrett Lilien, the former E*TRADE president, who offered to bankroll the cost of the Apollo Theater and has since become the organization's President. The inaugural event was emceed by Gil Noble, and featured performances by dozens of prominent jazz musicians. The concert also helped attract prominent board members, including Quincy Jones, their current Chairman; Richard Parsons, Agnes Varis, Elvis Costello, Danny Glover, Michael Novogratz and Lou Reed. The benefit concert raised $350,000 in its first year, 13 days after 9/11. Oxenhorn’s fundraising efforts vastly expanded the program to over 500 cases per year and by 2005 the JFA became a national organization with a staff of four.  Oxenhorn's work at the JFA has included post-Katrina relief efforts for displaced musicians, re-housing and creating instant employment to hundreds of New Orleans musicians and their children, thanks to the support and generosity of Jarrett Lilien and E*TRADE and the famous Met Opera philanthropist Agnes Varis, who has since been known and loved the world over as "Saint" Agnes. Agnes Varis' support allowed Oxenhorn to create the Agnes Varis Jazz in the Schools Program. This program makes it possible for hundreds of elderly musicians to introduce jazz, blues and live music for the first time, to over 80,000 public school children a year. The Agnes Varis Program has kept hundreds of musicians afloat for the past ten years since Katrina, allowing them to pay their own rent. The Foundation's efforts are credited with bringing over 1000 displaced musicians back to New Orleans after Katrina by re-housing families and creating immediate employment. Oxenhorn also acquired over a quarter million dollars worth of donated new top shelf instruments to replace what was lost in the flood for hundreds of NOLA's most beloved musicians. As human rights journalist, historian and jazz critic Nat Hentoff explained, “Wendy Oxenhorn launched Jazz in the Schools to also preserve the legacy of jazz by enlisting elder masters of jazz and blues who are in need of work to play educational performances introducing these public school children to jazz. Since then, the performances have included venues like children’s hospitals and nursing homes." Hentoff also writes: "Wendy Oxenhorn, the foundation's executive director—is the most determined, resilient, and selfless person I have ever known— she has emphasized to me "It's a privilege to be of service to people who spent a lifetime making our world so beautiful with their music and giving us all they had." Time Warner Inc. Chairman Richard D. Parsons said in an interview that Oxenhorn's ability to help artists quickly was a big factor in his decision to donate both his own money and corporate funds. ``On the basis of an article I read in the NY Times, I just sent the foundation a check," Parsons said, adding that he subsequently met Oxenhorn. ``She is `sui generis,' as we say in the law. She is one of a kind. When she sets her heart on something, she is fearless in pursuing it."  Actor Michael Imperioli, who got involved with the Jazz Foundation after being moved by the spirit of the foundation's work, believes that her role in the industry is thoroughly unique. “I’m surprised that she hasn’t been interviewed by Oprah Winfrey and lauded in some public way -- not to single out any one person, but she deserves to be on that sort of platform,” Imperioli told ABC News. “People should really know this person," Imperioli said. "She should get a Congressional Medal of Honor as far as I’m concerned. She gets an immense amount of joy from helping people. I’m a Buddhist, [and] in my religion, we call that a bodhisattva -- someone who actually dedicates their lives to serving and helping others and that’s who she is."  Since 2001 Oxenhorn has generated over 50 million dollars and the organization now assists 7000 emergency assists a year and continues to save the homes and lives of thousands of musicians in crisis.  AWARDS & HONORS include:  Wendy Oxenhorn was honored for her humanitarian efforts on behalf of jazz and blues musicians at the 2004 Grammy Lunch by the Artist Empowerment Coalition (AEC), a non-profit coalition of artists, musicians, performers. Presented by Richard Parsons, CEO Time Warner, along with Prince, Roberta Flack, Mary J. Blige, Danny Glover, Russell Simmons and many other notables.  Wendy Oxenhorn was also honored for her efforts on behalf of jazz and blues musicians by SESAC, WBGO FM radio, Jazz Journalists Association and HBO during the premiere of "The Jazz Baroness" a documentary on the life of Nica Rothschild, who was noted for helping prominent jazz musicians, as a friend and patron in the 1950s and 1960s.  Ms. Oxenhorn is the first American as well as the first woman to be invited to join the board of the Montreux Jazz Festival's Artist Foundation in Switzerland.  Jazz at Lincoln Center recently bestowed the 2nd Annual Ashley Schiff Ramos Community Development Award to Wendy Oxenhorn. Ms. Oxenhorn's work at the Jazz Foundation serves as an inspiration to keep jazz and blues alive and to support the unique individuals in the jazz and blues community.  Greenhope Services for Women awarded Ms. Oxenhorn their Community Service Award on May 19, 2015. Ms. Oxenhorn was also their keynote speaker. Greenhope is a comprehensive residential, day treatment and outpatient program that works to rehabilitate and empower formerly incarcerated women and women referred as an alternative to prison.  The Franciscan Handmaids of the Most Pure Heart of Mary, Inc. (FHM), a Harlem-based order, one of only three orders of Black nuns in the United States, presented Ms. Oxenhorn with their Passion For Social Justice Award on March 29, 2016. Honorees this evening included: National Urban League President & CEO Marc H. Morial, the Honorable Charles B. Rangel, U.S. congressman & the Rev. Al Sharpton.  The National Endowment for the Arts presented Wendy at the Kennedy Center in Washington D.C. with the 2016 NEA Lifetime Honors Jazz Masters award for her significant accomplishments in the field and for dedicating her life to assisting jazz & blues musicians in need.  The Scribes Institute for Literacy awarded Ms. Oxenhorn the Oprah Winfrey Award at the Martin Luther King Gala on January 15, 2017

References.

Wendy Oxenhorn a.k.a. "The Barefoot Baroness," is the Founding Director & Vice Chairman of the Jazz Foundation of America, co-founder of Street News, a Reverend and a blues harmonica player.

Wendy Oxenhorn (* in Brooklyn) ist eine US-amerikanische soziale Aktivistin und Jazz- und Blues-Promoterin. Sie ist seit 2000 Executive Director und Vice Chairman der Jazz Foundation of America (JFA) in New York City. Dank ihres Engagements zum Beispiel bei der Organisation von Charity Events konnte das Spendenaufkommen erheblich ausgedehnt werden und die ursprüngliche lokale New Yorker Organisation (1989 von Billy Taylor gegründet) landesweit in den USA expandieren.