Psychology.

Use of shopping lists may be correlated to personality types. There are "demographic differences between list and non list shoppers; the former are more likely to be female, while the latter are more likely to be childless." Remembering a shopping list is a standard experiment in psychology. Shopping with a list is a commonly employed behavioral weight loss guideline designed to reduce food purchases and therefore food consumption. Studies are divided on the effectiveness of this technique.  Some studies show approximately 40% of grocery shoppers use shopping lists, while other studies show 61–67% use lists. Of the items listed, 80% were purchased. However, listed items only accounted for 40% of total items purchased. Use of shopping lists clearly impact shopping behaviour: "Written shopping lists significantly reduce average expenditure."

Incremental lists.

The list may be compiled immediately before the shopping trip or incrementally as shopping needs arise throughout the week. Incremental lists typically have no structure and new items are added to the bottom of the list as they come up. If the list is compiled immediately before use, it can be organized by store layout (e.g. frozen foods are grouped together on the list) to minimize time in the store. Preprinted lists can be similarly organized.

Electronic lists.

Home computers enable consumers to print their own custom list so that items are simply checked off instead of written down or they can manage the list completely on the computer with custom shopping list software. PDAs eliminate the need for a paper list completely and may be used to aid comparison shopping. Online software exists to manage shopping lists from cellphone as well the web. Electronic commerce websites typically provide a shopping list online for repeat shoppers at the site.

A shopping list is a list of items needed to be purchased by a shopper. Consumers often compile a shopping list of groceries to purchase on the next visit to the grocery store (a grocery list). The shopping list was known 2000 years B.C. in ancient Mesopotamia. There are surviving examples of Roman and Biblical shopping lists.

Ein Einkaufszettel ist eine vor dem Einkauf als Merkhilfe vorbereitete Liste von Dingen, die jemand einkaufen will. Der Einkaufszettel findet besonders für Produkte des alltäglichen Bedarfs Anwendung, die in Lebensmittelgeschäften, Drogeriemärkten oder Supermärkten gekauft werden.


Background.

Changes to the electoral law passed in 2010 made it mandatory for women to make up 50% of candidates on party lists. A total of 24 lists were submitted for the election, with over 7,000 candidates, including Laurence Gavron, the first white woman to run for election to Parliament.  Of the 150 seats in the National Assembly, 60 were elected through proportional representation and 90 in constituencies.  The election had originally been scheduled for 17 June 2012, but President Macky Sall announced a change of date after saying there was not enough time to prepare for it and that he had consulted the opposition Senegalese Democratic Party (PDS) on the move.

Results.

As a result of the new law on equal representation on party lists, 64 women were elected to the Assembly.

Aftermath.

The pro-Sall United in Hope coalition won an overwhelming majority of seats in the National Assembly, 119 out of 150, while the PDS saw its share of seats plummet to only 12. The remaining 19 seats were distributed amongst an assortment of small parties. On 30 July 2012, one of Sall's most prominent allies, Moustapha Niasse, was elected as President of the National Assembly; he defeated a PDS deputy, Oumar Sarr. Niasse received 126 votes against 17 votes for Sarr; there were three blank votes. Eight vice-presidents were elected, including Awa Guèye as First Vice-President and Moustapha Cissé Lô as Second Vice-President. None of the vice-president posts went to a deputy from the opposition, leading it to complain that the majority had excluded it and ignored parliamentary tradition. While the opposition Liberals and Democrats Parliamentary Group was too few in number to guarantee it one of the posts, the opposition nevertheless felt that it should have been given a post for reasons of tradition and "dignity".

Parliamentary elections were held in Senegal on 1 July 2012. The result was a victory for the United in Hope coalition supporting newly elected President Macky Sall, which won 119 of the 150 seats in the National Assembly. Voter turnout in the election was just 37%.

Die Wahlen zur Nationalversammlung des Senegal 2012 fanden am 1. Juli 2012 im westafrikanischen Staat Senegal statt. Die absolute Mehrheit der Stimmen und eine Zweidrittelmehrheit der Sitze gingen dabei an die Partei APR-Yaakaar ("In Hoffnung vereint"), deren Präsidentschaftskandidat Macky Sall aus der Präsidentschaftswahl in Senegal 2012 bereits siegreich hervorgegangen war. Zweitstärkste Partei wurde die Parti Démocratique Sénégalais des langjährigen Präsidenten Abdoulaye Wade mit nur 15 % der abgegebenen Stimmen – 2007 hatte sie als Teil der sogenannten Sopi Koalition noch mehr als 60 % der Stimmen errungen.


Biography.

Perry was born in April 1967 in Lisburn, Northern Ireland, growing up in the towns of Templepatrick and Donegore in County Antrim, attending Templepatrick Primary School and then Methodist College Belfast.  He began writing computer game programming books in 1982 at the age of 15, creating his own games for the Sinclair ZX81. According to an interview with the BBC, Perry stated that his first game was a driving game, "a black blob avoiding other black blobs", which he wrote and sent to a magazine, which printed it. He sent them more games and they sent him a cheque for £450—a bit of a problem for a teenager who did not yet have a bank account. His work continued until he was offered a job making just £3,500/year as an apprentice to a veteran programmer who taught him how to do more advanced programming.  At the age of 17, he moved to London, where he developed games with Mikro-Gen and Probe Software for publishers such as Elite Systems and Mirrorsoft, working on titles such as the ZX Spectrum conversion of "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles" NES game and the Genesis version of "The Terminator".  In 1991, he moved to the United States to work for the American division of Virgin Games, usually known as "Virgin Games USA". While in there, he led the development duties for several award-winning games for the Genesis, including "Global Gladiators", "Cool Spot", and "Aladdin". His work within "Virgin Games USA" also served as a basis for the development of other games such as the Sega CD version of "The Terminator" and the Genesis versions of "RoboCop Versus The Terminator" and "Walt Disney's The Jungle Book", all of them developed after David Perry had left the studio.  On October 1, 1993, Perry formed his own company in Laguna Beach, California, Shiny Entertainment, naming the company after the song "Shiny Happy People" by R.E.M. The company's first game "Earthworm Jim" was a hit, selling millions of copies on multiple platforms, including Genesis, Super NES and PC. The title character, an "average worm" who stumbles upon a space suit which turns him into a superhero, became immensely popular, and spawned a variety of other types of merchandise: action figures, comic books, and a syndicated television cartoon series.  Listing Perry in their "75 Most Important People in the Games Industry of 1995", "Next Generation" argued that his success had as much to do with his exceptional knack for public relations as his talent as a developer: "Perry often seems to benefit and suffer from a game press who seemingly can't hype him or his products enough. Is all the hype justified? Well, probably not. But that's not the point, the fact is that the press and gamers love him. "Next Generation"s opinion as to Perry's PR secrets? Always return phone calls, don't make promises you can't keep, and show a genuine interest in whomever you're talking to. Sounds easy? So how come hardly any actual PR people (let alone presidents and lead programmers) in the industry do the same?"  In 2002, Shiny Entertainment was acquired by Atari, Inc. in a US$47M deal, with Perry signed to a long-term contract to continue on as President. Also in 2002, Perry collaborated with The Wachowskis on games in coordination with their Matrix series of movies.  In 2006, he resigned from Shiny, and formed GameConsultants.com, a consultancy firm planning to offer executive level video game industry advice, followed by GameInvestors.com, a business-to-business company to help video game development teams get funded. He recounted, "I was working on a new game design for Infogrames (Atari) called Plague and was incredibly excited about it. Atari called and told me they had run out of money and so I offered to find a buyer for my team, they said they’d handle it and I moved on. The first phone call I had after leaving was with the Collective and they ended up buying Shiny."  Perry is on the advisory board for the Game Developers Conference, and has spoken at industry venues such as E3, CES, Hollywood and Games, Digital Hollywood, iHollywood, SIGGRAPH, Entertainment in the Interactive Age, What Teens Want, The Banff Summit, as well as at major universities such as USC, and MIT. In 2006, he co-hosted the annual Game Developers Choice Awards with Tommy Tallarico.  In November 2008, Perry co-founded Gaikai in the Netherlands, a company that released game streaming technology in late 2009.  In January 2016, Perry confirmed that he and Michael Jackson had been discussing making a video game together prior to the singer's death.  In July 2012 Gaikai was sold to Sony Computer Entertainment for $380 million.  In July 2017 Perry left Gaikai joining startup GoVYRL, Inc. to build new technology for brands to work with influencers, the technology is called Carro. GoVYRL, Inc. has seed investments from entities including The Cove Fund, Brendan Iribe and Alpha Edison.

David Perry (born April 4, 1967) is a Northern Irish video game developer and programmer. He became prominent for programming platform games for 16-bit home consoles in the early to mid 1990s, including "Disney's Aladdin", "Cool Spot", and "Earthworm Jim". He founded Shiny Entertainment, where he worked from 1993 to 2006. Perry created games for companies such as Disney, 7 Up, McDonald's, Orion Pictures, and Warner Bros. In 2008 he was presented with an honorary doctorate from Queen's University Belfast for his services to computer gaming. He was the co-founder & CEO of cloud-based games service Gaikai, which was acquired by Sony Computer Entertainment. In 2017 Perry became the co-founder & CEO of a customer intelligence startup called GoVYRL, Inc. developing a new advanced brand dashboard called Carro. In his spare time, following in his father's footsteps, Perry is an avid photographer.

David Perry (* 4. April 1967 in Lisburn, Nordirland) ist ein irischer Spieleentwickler und Unternehmer. Er ist Gründer des ehemaligen Entwicklerstudio Shiny Entertainment, für das er von 1993 bis 2006 tätig war. In seiner Karriere arbeitete er aber auch für Unternehmen wie Disney, 7 Up, McDonald’s, Orion Pictures und Warner Bros. Zu seinen bekanntesten Spieleentwicklungen zählen die Titel "Earthworm Jim", "MDK", "Messiah", "Wild 9" und "Enter the Matrix". Er ist zudem Mitbegründer des Cloud-basierten Spieleservices Gaikai.


Historical rankings.

The ICC provides ratings for the end of each month back to June 2003. The teams that have successively held the highest rating since that date, by whole month periods are: The summary of teams that have held the highest rating from June 2003 to the present by whole month periods are: Since the ICC officially began ranking teams in 2003, Australia had dominated the championship table. However, from 2009, several teams (Australia, South Africa, India, England and Pakistan) have competed for the top positions.  The ICC retrospectively applied the current rating system to results since 1952 (providing ratings for the end of each month from then). The table only begins then, as prior to 1952 there is insufficient data available due to the infrequency of matches and the small number of competing teams in these earlier periods.  The teams that have successively held the highest rating from January 1952 until May 2003, by whole month periods are: The summary of teams that have held the highest rating from 1952 to the present by whole month periods are:

Trophy.

Since 2001, the top-ranked Test team in the world has been awarded the ICC Test Championship mace. It is worth £30,000. The top-ranked team at the start of April each year is also awarded £750,000 ($US1 million).

Calculations.

Each team scores points based on the results of their matches over the last 3−4 years. A series must include at least two Tests.  The rankings table gives the total points from all series played in the 12–24 months since the May before last, plus all the series played in the 24 months before that, for which the matches played and points earned both count half. Each May, the matches and points earned between 3 and 4 years ago are removed, and the matches and points earned between 1 and 2 years ago switch from 100% weighting to 50% weighting. For example, at May 2014, the matches played between May 2010 and May 2011 were removed, and the matches played between May 2012 and May 2013 switched to 50% weighting. This happens overnight, so can result in teams changing positions in the ranking table despite no one playing.  Each time two teams complete another series, the rankings tables is updated as described below, based on the ratings of the teams immediately before they played.

Step 2. Convert these series points to actual ratings points.

If the gap between the ratings of the two teams before the series was less than 40 points.

The ratings points for each team equals:  As each match won earns a team 1 series point and their opponent 0, losing earns them 0 series points and their opponent 1, and drawing earns both teams series point, each match played therefore earns teams ratings points as follows: As this formula only applies when the gap between the ratings of the two teams at the start of the series was less than 40 points, winning a match will always earn a team more rating points than the rating they already had, and losing a match will always earn a team fewer rating points than the rating they already had. Drawing a match will earn the weaker team more rating points than the rating they already had, and the stronger team fewer.  The difference between winning and losing a single match is therefore 100 points. Also, whether the outcome of a match is a win & lose or a draw, the total rating points earned by the two teams from that match will be the sum of the two teams' ratings before the series began. The total rating points earned from a series will therefore equal the sum of the two teams' ratings before the series began multiplied by (the number of matches + 1).

If the gap between the ratings of the two teams before the series was at least 40 points.

The ratings points for the stronger team equals:  and the ratings points for the weaker team equals:  As above, each match played therefore earns teams ratings points as follows: Therefore, again, winning a match will always earn a team more rating points than the rating they already had, and losing a match will always earn a team fewer rating points than the rating they already had. Drawing a match will earn the weaker team more points than the rating they already had, and the stronger team fewer.  For both teams, the difference between winning and losing a single match is still 100 points. Also, whichever of the three outcomes happens, the total rating points earned by the two teams from that match will be the sum of the two teams' ratings before the series began.

Step 3. Update the ranking table.

For each team:

Example.

Suppose two teams, initially with ratings of 120 and 90, play a 3-match series, and the team with the higher initial rating wins 2-1:

The ICC Test Championship is an international competition run by the International Cricket Council for the 12 teams that play Test cricket. The competition is notional in the sense that it is simply a ranking scheme overlaid on all international matches that are otherwise played as part of regular Test cricket scheduling with no consideration of home or away status.

Die ICC Test Championship ist ein internationaler Cricket-Wettbewerb der vom International Cricket Council für die zehn Mannschaften mit Test-Status organisiert wird. Der Wettbewerb wird als Rangliste geführt, die alle internationalen Tests die im Rahmen der regulären Ansetzungen abgehalten werden, erfasst. Dabei bleibt der Heim- oder Auswärtsstatus unberücksichtigt.


Background.

National territorial dispute.

The Philippines retains a dormant territorial claim to eastern Sabah, formerly known as North Borneo, through the heritage of the Sultanate of Sulu. The basis of this claim is that the dominion of the sultanate has historically spanned from the Sulu Archipelago into parts of northern Borneo. In line with International Court of Justice court decision in the case concerning sovereignty of Pulau Ligitan and Pulau Sipadan in 2002, Malaysia views that Sultan of Sulu indisputably relinquished the sovereign rights of all its possession in favour of Spain on 22 July 1878, hence losing any title to its claim

Sulu succession dispute.

Another factor behind the standoff is the unresolved status of the Sultanate of Sulu. The Filipino group

Initiation of the standoff.

Heirs to the Sultanate of Sulu felt excluded by the terms of the framework of a peace deal between the Philippine government and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front, as announced on 7 October 2012 by Philippine president Benigno Aquino III. In response, Jamalul Kiram III, claiming to be the legitimate heir to the throne of

Development of standoff.

Malaysian police blockaded roads leading from Lahad Datu to the remote village of Tanduo, where the armed group was encircled. Malaysian police patrol boats also patrolled nearby waters. At the same time, Filipino security agencies blocked off entry from southern Philippines. The Philippines also deployed six naval ships to the seas of Sulu and Tawi Tawi to help stabilise the situation. An additional Philippine naval ship was sent to Malaysian waters off Lahad Datu to provide humanitarian assistance. On 26 February 2013, President Aquino appealed to Kiram III to recall his followers and to hold discussions with the government to address his family's concerns. In a press conference held at Malacañang Palace, Aquino said that the longer Kiram's III followers stay in Sabah, the more they endanger not just their own lives, but also those of the thousands of Filipinos living and working there. Addressing Kiram III, he said, "It must be clear to you that this small group of people will not succeed in addressing your grievances, and that there is no way that force can achieve your aims". Aquino also reminded him that as a Filipino citizen, he is bound by the Constitution of the Philippines and its laws. The president said that he had ordered an investigation into possible violations of laws by Kiram III, his followers and collaborators, citing the Constitution's provision on renouncing war as an instrument of national policy and Article 118 of the Revised Penal Code, which punishes those who "provoke or give occasion for a war...or expose Filipino citizens to reprisals on their persons or property". He said a dialogue to address the country's territorial dispute to eastern Sabah could be arranged after those involved in the standoff came home immediately. Aquino also declined to confirm reports of other parties being allegedly behind the standoff to sabotage the Bangsamoro peace process. The statement by

Military operations.

1 March skirmish.

At around on 1 March 2013, three days after Malaysia's extended deadline for the group to leave Lahad Datu, a confrontation occurred between the sultanate's forces and the Malaysian police, with shots exchanged. According to Abraham Idjirani, Kiram's spokesperson, 10 members of their army were killed with four more injured as a result of the skirmish. There were also two casualties among the Malaysian police officers. The owner of the house where Agbimuddin Kiram and his men had stayed was also killed in the exchange of gunfire. Malaysian Home Minister

Presence of armed men in Kunak.

On 2 March 2013, a group of 10 armed men were spotted near Kunak, a district between Lahad Datu and Semporna, according to Royal Malaysia Police Inspector-General Ismail Omar. He said that

Semporna attack.

At around on 3 March 2013, armed gunmen believed to be less than 10 in number claiming to be from the Sulu Sultanate ambushed the police during a surveillance operation on a village off the coast of Semporna, Sabah. The Bukit Aman special branch superintendent and four operatives were killed in the action. At, it emerged that the police party remained trapped in the village surrounded by the attackers. The superintendent had led three dozen policemen, from the Semporna District Police Headquarters, after having been ordered to carry out an investigation at the village following a tip-off that there was a group of armed men at Kampung Sri Jaya Siminul in Semporna District. The operation in Semporna was launched at 4 pm on Saturday following intelligence reports of the existence of a cache of firearms in the village, and that an uprising by certain groups of villagers believed to be of Southern Philippines origin and residing there was in the making.  About three hours into the operation, the police officers were fired upon while heading towards a house in the village and returned fire.

Operation Daulat.

On 5 March 2013, Royal Malaysian Air Force fighter jets, reported as F/A-18 and Hawk fighters, bombed the Kiram followers' hide-out. Continuous explosions were being heard in Lahad Datu as the police and army as well as commando forces moved in against the gunmen who were reportedly returning fire. In a Kuala Lumpur rally, Prime Minister Najib said, "We started with air strike by jet fighters of Royal Malaysian Air Forces, followed by mortar strike; and as I'm speaking, the army and police forces, along with other members (of the security forces) following behind, are taking action to arrest and destroy the group which has breached the nation's sovereignty".  According to IGP Ismail Omar and other police sources, the army and police began mopping-up operations codenamed "Ops Sulu" now "Ops Daulat" (Operation Sovereignty). It was believed that rebel leader Agbimuddin Kiram and several of his followers managed to escape the security cordon around Kampung Tanduo. The search for these men was carried out by the joint Malaysian police and army taskforce in the surrounding farmland and FELDA plantations. The Malaysian troops recovered 13 bodies

Related incidents.

Defacement of Malaysian and Philippine websites.

On 3 March 2013, the website of Globe Telecom was defaced by hackers claiming to be from the "MALAYSIA Cyb3r 4rmy". The group left the message, "Do not invade our country or you will suffer the consequences". Global Telecom confirmed its own website had been hacked but assured the public that no sensitive information was

Google search results alteration.

On 4 March 2013, a Google search for the word "Sabah" reflected a cached version of the territory's Wikipedia article. It said

Protests at a Malaysian embassy.

Some 20 Filipinos organised a protest in front of the Malaysian embassy in Makati on 5 March 2013. They called for an end to the

Allegations of political motives behind the conflict.

Malaysian Prime Minister, Najib Razak, sought to investigate the opposition leader, Anwar Ibrahim, if he was involved in the incident to destabilise the state, which is known to be the ruling party's stronghold for the upcoming 13th general election. This began after Filipino media reported that Mr. Anwar may be involved with the incursion and the evidence of an image showing the opposition leader with Nur Misuari of MNLF began circulating on the internet. Concurrently, Anwar has embarked legal proceedings against government-owned newspaper Utusan Malaysia and television station TV3 for trying to link him to the incursions. Meanwhile, Malaysian People's Justice Party (PKR) vice-president Tian Chua claimed that the ruling United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) had deliberately orchestrated the crisis as a conspiracy

Utilisation of commercial aircraft by the Malaysian Army.

On 5 March 2013, flights of AirAsia were rearranged in transporting Malaysian troops to Sabah. An online debate ensued on whether the move highlighted such patriotism of a Malaysian-based airline or the lack of resources of the military. Some Malaysians wondered why the government requested help from a commercial airline, instead of mobilising its own fleet of C-130 Hercules transport planes. Others lauded AirAsia for its efforts in assisting

Assembly at the Philippine embassy.

On 8 March 2013, Malaysians held an assembly outside the Philippine embassy in Kuala Lumpur. The event, called "Ops Bunga" (Operation Flower), encouraged participants to place flowers at

Allegations of police brutality.

On 10 March 2013, reports arose of police brutality committed by Malaysian police officials as part of a crackdown on suspected Kiram III supporters, causing a mass migration of Filipinos from Sabah to Sulu. One refugee stated that Malaysian police had shot and killed a large number of Filipino civilians irrespective of their MyKad status and detained many others. Also, it was stated that those detained were not given proper treatment The DFA has yet to receive a formal statement from the Malaysian government. A Royal Malaysian Police official has denied the allegations.

MNLF reactions to police brutality.

An exclusive report by News5 showed that some Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) members were undergoing training in Jolo, Sulu for a rescue mission for abused Filipinos in Sabah. Former MNLF leader Nur Misuari has admitted that these MNLF members were not members or allied with the Royal Security Force of the Sulu sultanate. However, the Sulu Province governor, Abdusakur Tan has denied any reports that says MNLF fighters under Nur Misuari were heading to Sabah, he also denied that 1,000 MNLF fighters were able to sneak into the state. Also, according to MNLF chairman, Muslimin Sema, they respect the decision of Sabah joined Malaysia in 1963. He also said he had visited Sabah in 1973 and witnessed the joy that was enjoyed by the people of the state, adding that he also has many relatives in the state.

Aftermath.

Arrests and prosecutions.

Since Operation Daulat was launched, 443 individuals were held for various offences while 121 were held under the Security Offences (Special Measures) Act 2012 (SOSMA), one of the successors to the Internal Security Act. The total number arrested under SOSMA later decreased to 104, with most of them being Filipinos who were suspected of having links to Jamalul Kiram III. These included several family members of Kiram III who had entered the state of Sabah using assumed identities. 149 Sulu gunmen were also arrested

Burials of Sulu militants in Sabah.

In 2013 during the ensuing conflict, the Malaysian authorities has announced that those killed militants will

Death of the self-proclaimed Sulu Sultanate leader.

On 20 October 2013, the group main leader, Jamalul Kiram III died of multiple organ failure in Simunul, Tawi-Tawi, Philippines. His family stated that they will continue their main objective to take over Sabah. The Royal Malaysia Police in Sabah responded by

Trial.

On 6 January 2014, 30 individuals (27 Filipinos and three Malaysians) were brought to trial where they were charged with waging war against the King, harbouring terrorists, being members of a terrorist group, and the recruiting of terrorists. All proceedings began at the Kota Kinabalu Central Prison in Kepayan where the charges were read out in English, Malay and Suluk language. Among those being prosecuted were Jamalul Kiram III's nephew, Datu Amir Bahar Hushin Kiram, who abandoned his men in Tanduo but was caught by Malaysian security forces hiding in the swamps around Semporna. On 5 February 2016, 19 of the 30 peoples were ordered to enter their defence in the High Court of Kota Kinabalu. Justice Stephen Chung made the ruling after finding that the prosecution had succeeded in establishing a "prima facie" case against 19 of the accused: 16 Filipinos (including a woman) and three local men. Nine of the 16 Filipinos: Atik Hussin Abu Bakar, Basad H. Manuel, Ismail Yasin, Virgilio Nemar Patulada @ Mohammad Alam Patulada, Salib Akhmad Emali, Al Wazir Osman @ Abdul, Tani Lahaddahi, Julham Rashid and Datu Amir Bahar Hushin Kiram were alleged to have waged war against the King, an offence which carries the death penalty.  Six Filipinos, Lin Mad Salleh, Holland Kalbi, Habil Suhaili, Timhar Hadir, Aiman Radie and a Malaysian man, Abdul Hadi Mawan were accused of being members of a terrorist group, which is punishable with 20 years to life imprisonment and a fine, or both, if found guilty. The sole Filipina Norhaida Ibnahi was also ordered to enter her defence for allegedly willfully harbouring individuals she knew to be

Repercussions.

Thousands of Filipinos who had illegally resided in Malaysia, some for decades, were deported following the conflict and ensuing security-related crackdown. Some of these were forced to leave behind family members. From January to November

Further arrests and the killing of more Sulu militants.

On 22 April 2014, a 57-year-old man in Lahad Datu who claimed to have been given the power to manage the Suluk people in Sabah was arrested for raising the Sulu Sultanate flag on his home. Later on 25 June, six suspected Sulu terrorists including a policeman was arrested in Kunak with membership cards, appointment letters by the Sulu sultanate, several documents linked to the sultanate and weapons was seized from them. It was later revealed that one of the suspects who is a

Naturalised locals involvement.

On 6 May 2015, Minister in the Prime Minister's Department Shahidan Kassim said some locals together

Economical impacts.

The attack by Kiram's III in 2013 have since affected trade relations especially to the Philippines side of Tawi-Tawi where most of their goods source came from Sabah. Therefore in 2015, there was a proposed ban by the Malaysian police over the activities. This was heavily opposed by the Philippine

Malaysian politician meeting with the daughter of the late Kiram III.

On 9 November 2015, the allegation of political motives towards one of the Malaysian opposition parties behind the incursion was strengthened when the daughter of de facto leader of the Malaysian People's Justice Party (PKR) Nurul Izzah Anwar was seen taking selfie with Jacel Kiram by holding a poster "#Release Anwar immediately" as seen from Jacel Facebook account. Countering the allegation from the public that she was collaborating with Jacel Kiram to give Sabah to the Kiram families if managed to release her father and overtake the Malaysian government, Izzah stressed that she together with Tian Chua was invited by Philippine counterparts as part of the PKR delegation to meet with various stakeholders from the Philippines, adding that they also meet other Filipino politicians such as former Governor and Congressman of Batangas Hermilando

Sulu militants arms discovery.

On 4 January 2016, a team of 15-General Operations Force (GOF) members led by two officers discover a cache of weapons comprising two M14 rifles, one Uzi machine pistol, three Colt.45 pistols, one

Honours.

On 11 August 2017, the Malaysian Armed Forces (MAF) held the 'Daulat Feb 2013' Battle Honour parade and award presentation ceremony at the Merdeka Square, Kota Kinabalu to honour the soldiers who died in the

The 2013 Lahad Datu standoff (also known as the Lahad Datu incursion) was a military conflict that started on 11 February 2013 and fully ended on 24 March 2013. The conflict began when 235 militants, some of whom were armed, arrived by boats in Lahad Datu District, Sabah, Malaysia from Simunul island, Tawi-Tawi, in the southern Philippines. The group, calling themselves the "Royal Security Forces of the Sultanate of Sulu and North Borneo", was sent by Jamalul Kiram III, one of the claimants to the throne of the Sultanate of Sulu.

Lahad Datu Standoff (dtsch: "Pattsituation von Lahad Datu") oder Lahad-Datu-Krise ist die Bezeichnung der malaysischen Medien für einen bewaffneten Konflikt an der Ostküste des malaysischen Bundesstaates Sabah, der im Dorf Kg. Tanduo im Distrikt Lahad Datu begann. Am 11. Februar 2013 gingen dort etwa 200 militante Anhänger von Jamalul Kiram III an Land, um eine Neuverhandlung historischer Territorialansprüche der Nachfahren des Sultan von Sulu geltend zu machen. Der Vorfall löste erhebliche diplomatische Spannungen zwischen den Philippinen und Malaysia aus und erreichte mit einem Kampfeinsatz der malaysischen Streitkräfte am 5. März 2013 eine weitere Stufe der Eskalation. Die malaysische Regierung erklärte den Konflikt am 29. Juni 2013 mit der Beendigung der militärischen Operation "DAULAT" für beendet.


Short biography.

Competing for the Soviet Union, Oleg Bozhev had his best year in 1984 when he won a bronze medal on the 1,500 m at the Winter Olympics in Sarajevo, became World Allround Champion ten days later, became Soviet Allround Champion two weeks after that and skated a world record on the 1,500 m another two weeks later. He also was awarded the Order of Friendship of Peoples that year. The following three years (1985-1987), he won silver at the World Allround Championships. The closest he came to winning a second World Allround Championship was in 1986 when he finished second behind Hein Vergeer, with a difference of only 0.014 points, which translates to a mere 0.28 seconds of difference on the final distance (the 10,000 m). Except for one more international appearance in 1992, his last international appearance was in 1988.  Bozhev currently is the senior coach of the Russian skating team.

Medals.

An overview of medals won by Bozhev at important championships he participated in, listing the years in which he won each:

Records.

World records.

Over the course of his career, Bozhev skated one world record:

Personal records.

To put these personal records in perspective, the "WR" column lists the official world records on the dates that Bozhev skated his personal records.  Note that Bozhev's personal record on the 3,000 m was not a world record because Leo Visser skated 3:59.27 at the same tournament. Bozhev's personal record on the big combination was not a world record either because Nikolay Gulyayev skated 159.356 at the same tournament.  Bozhev has an Adelskalender score of 159.611 points. His highest ranking on the Adelskalender was a third place.

Oleg Felevich Bozhev () (born 25 August 1961 in Moscow, Russian SFSR) is a former speed skater. He trained at VSS Trud.

Oleg Felewitsch Boschjew (; * 25. August 1961 in Moskau) ist ein ehemaliger russischer Eisschnellläufer, der für die Sowjetunion startete.


Early life, education, and medical career.

Wenstrup was born and raised in Cincinnati, Ohio, the son of Joan (née Carletti) and Frank John "Jack" Wenstrup. His father was of German, Irish, and English descent, while his mother was of Italian ancestry. He has one sister, Amy Castellini (née Wenstrup).  In 1976, Wenstrup graduated from St. Xavier High School in Cincinnati. In 1980, he graduated "cum laude" with a B.A. in Psychology from the University of Cincinnati, where he was a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity. He then attended the Scholl College of Podiatric Medicine of Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, where he earned an B.S. in Biology and a Doctor of Podiatric Medicine degree, graduating in 1985.

Career.

Wenstrup practiced podiatric medicine in Cincinnati for more than 24 years, before being elected to Congress.

Military service.

Wenstrup joined the United States Army Reserve in 1998, attaining the rank of colonel in March 2017. In 2005 and 2006, he served a tour in Iraq as a combat surgeon with the 344th Combat Support Hospital. He called his deployment "the worst thing that ever happened to me and the best thing I ever got to do." Wenstrup was awarded the Bronze Star Medal and Combat Action Badge.  During his tour of duty in Iraq, Wenstrup's sister asked what she could send him. He told her "I wear the same clothes everyday, we're fed, and most days I'm not leaving the base. But the people here have nothing. They were under an oppressed regime and have had nothing for so long." His sister helped organize donations of toys, school supplies, and hygiene supplies donated by local companies, and Wenstrup worked with the base chaplain to distribute the donations to the locals.

2009 Cincinnati mayoral election.

Wenstrup ran for mayor of Cincinnati against incumbent Democrat Mark Mallory in the November 2009 election. Mallory defeated Wenstrup by a 54%-to-46% margin.

U.S. House of Representatives.

Elections.

2012.

Wenstrup ran for the U.S. House of Representatives in the newly redrawn Ohio's 2nd congressional district, held by incumbent Republican U.S. Congresswoman Jean Schmidt. He was endorsed by the Anderson Tea Party and the Ohio Liberty Council, a coalition of Ohio Tea Party groups. In a surprise, he defeated Schmidt in the March Republican primary by 49%-to-43%. She carried six counties (all located in eastern part of the CD), while Wenstrup won the two most populous counties (both located in the western part of CD): Hamilton County (59%) and Clermont County (50%).  Wenstrup defeated Democratic nominee William R. Smith, 59%–41%.

2014.

Wenstrup won re-election to a second term by defeating Democratic nominee Marek Tyszkiewicz 66%–34%.

2016.

Wenstrup won re-election to a third term, defeating Democratic candidates William Smith and Janet Everhard (write in) 65%–32.82%–2.17%.

2018.

Wenstrup defeated Democratic candidate Jill Schiller, 58% to 41%, to win election to a fourth term.

Tenure.

Wenstrup began his first term on January 3, 2013. During his first year in office he held an open town hall meeting in each of the 8 counties in his congressional district, the last of which was in Adams County on July 29, 2013.  Wenstrup's customer service survey received accolades from "Roll Call". In the survey, 75% of respondents said they were "satisfied" or "very satisfied" with their experience with Wenstrup's office.  Wenstrup was an original co-sponsor of H.R. 3949, VA Prescription Data Accountability Act 2017, which became law during the 115th Congress, 1st Session (2017). The bill helps protect veterans receiving prescription medicines and prevents misuse of such prescription medicines.

Personal life.

Wenstrup is married to Monica Wenstrup (Klein), who works as a financial consultant. They have one son, Brad Jr. He and his wife adopted a daughter in 2019.

Brad Robert Wenstrup (born June 17, 1958) is an American politician, U.S. Army Reserve officer, and Doctor of Podiatric Medicine, who has been the U.S. Representative for since 2013. A Republican, he upset incumbent U.S. Representative Jean Schmidt to win the 2012 Republican primary election.

Brad R. Wenstrup (* 17. Juni 1958 in Cincinnati, Ohio) ist ein US-amerikanischer Politiker. Seit 2013 vertritt er den Bundesstaat Ohio im US-Repräsentantenhaus.


College career.

Renfroe played college basketball at Belmont University. He was named Atlantic Sun Conference Player of the Year in 2009.

Professional career.

After going undrafted in the 2009 NBA draft, Renfroe signed his first professional contract with BK VEF Rīga of Latvia for the 2009–10 season on July 11, 2009.  In August 2010, he signed with the Croatian club Zagreb for the 2010–11 season. On July 18, 2011 he signed with New Basket Brindisi of the Italian Legadue Basket for the 2011–12 season.  On September 24, 2012, he signed with CB Valladolid of Spain for the 2012–13 season. He left them in February 2013, and signed with Brose Baskets of Germany for the rest of the season.  On August 21, 2013, he signed with Yenisey Krasnoyarsk of Russia. On May 12, 2014, he signed with Laboral Kutxa Vitoria of Spain for the rest of the 2013–14 season.  On September 24, 2014, Renfroe signed a four-month contract with the German team Alba Berlin. On January 30, 2015, he signed a contract extension with Alba Berlin until June, 2015.  On June 28, 2015, Renfroe signed a two-year contract with the German club Bayern Munich.  On November 29, 2016, he parted ways with Bayern, and signed a contract with the Spanish club FC Barcelona for the rest of the season. On June 8, 2017, Barcelona announced the end of their contract with Renfroe.  On July 24, 2017, Renfroe signed with Turkish club Galatasaray for the 2017–18 season.  On July 18, 2018, Renfroe signed a one-year deal with Baxi Manresa of the Liga ACB.  On December 26, 2018, Renfroe signed with Serbian club Partizan for the rest of the 2018–19 season.  On June 19, 2019, Renfroe signed a one-year contract with the Russian club Zenit Saint Petersburg.

National team.

In 2015, Renfroe received a Bosnian-Herzegovinian passport and represented the Bosnia and Herzegovina national basketball team at EuroBasket 2015.

Personal life.

Alex has two siblings, Jonte and Rachel Renfroe. He is the son of Gregory and Cynthia Renfroe and is married to Brandi Miller Renfroe. His daughter's name is Olivia Rose.

Gregory Alexander Renfroe (born May 23, 1986) is an American-born Bosnian professional basketball player for Zenit Saint Petersburg of the VTB United League and the EuroLeague.

Gregory Alexander Renfroe (* 23. Mai 1986 in Hermitage, Tennessee) ist ein US-amerikanischer Basketballspieler, der seit 2015 auch die bosnisch-herzegowinische Staatsangehörigkeit besitzt. Renfroe spielt seit dem Studium ab 2009 als Profi in Europa. Bei seiner ersten Profistation im lettischen Riga wurde er zum „Most Valuable Player“ der Baltic Basketball League 2009/10 ernannt. Mit KK Zagreb gewann er in Kroatien 2011 das nationale Double und mit den Enel New Baskets aus Brindisi 2012 die Play-offs der Legadue und den Aufstieg in die höchste italienische Spielklasse. Nach einer Station im spanischen Valladolid spielte Renfroe am Saisonende der Basketball-Bundesliga 2012/13 für die Brose Baskets, mit denen er deren Titel als deutscher Meister erfolgreich verteidigen konnte. Für die Saison 2015/16 stand er beim deutschen Erstligisten FC Bayern München unter Vertrag. In der Saison 2016/17 wechselte Renfroe erneut in die spanische Liga ACB zum Spitzenklub FC Barcelona Lassa.


Early years.

Hall was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. His father, W. A. Hall, headed a cooperage business that ended because of prohibition in the United States. After graduating from the University of Cincinnati, Hall worked for the Fleischmann Company while also directing and acting in little theater productions in Cleveland.

Career.

Hall began his career touring as a stage actor with roles in productions of "The Great Gatsby" and "Naked" in 1926. His Broadway credits included "The Great Gatsby" (1926), "Naked" (1926), "Loud Speaker" (1927), "Night Hostess" (1928), "It's a Wise Child" (1929), "Collision" (1932), "The Warrior's Husband" (1932), "The Dark Tower" (1933), "The Red Cat" (1934)..  Hall made his film debut in the 1931 drama "Secrets of a Secretary". His last onscreen appearance was in the 1954 film "Return to Treasure Island", which was released after his death. Hall was probably best remembered for five roles: a senator in "Mr. Smith Goes to Washington"; an atheist in "Going My Way"; the nervous, ill-tempered Granville Sawyer, who administers a psychological test to Kris Kringle in "Miracle on 34th Street"; a train passenger who encounters a man (Fred MacMurray) who has just committed a murder in "Double Indemnity"; and the title character's lawyer (Herbert MacCaulay) in "The Thin Man".

Personal life.

Hall married actress Geraldine Brown in 1927; they had two children. He served as a deacon at First Presbyterian Church of Hollywood for many years.  On October 6, 1953, Hall died of a heart attack in Los Angeles, California, at the age of 65. His interment was at Forest Lawn - Hollywood Hills Cemetery.

In popular culture.

Director Russ Meyer named one of the characters in the 1970 cult film "Beyond the Valley of the Dolls" after Hall.

Clifford Porter Hall (September 19, 1888 – October 6, 1953) was an American character actor known for appearing in a number of films in the 1930s and 1940s. Hall typically played villains or comedic incompetent characters.

Clifford Porter Hall (* 19. September 1888 in Cincinnati, Ohio; † 6. Oktober 1953 in Los Angeles, Kalifornien) war ein US-amerikanischer Film- und Theaterschauspieler.


History.

Marshall was platted in 1872 when the railroad was extended to that point. Lake Marshall Township had been established in the area two years earlier, and included a post office and several farms. Before that, the site was occasionally used as a campground for groups of Dakota, who hunted and traveled throughout the region. After much discussion, James J. Manton decided on Marshall in honor of Governor William R. Marshall.  The town grew rapidly. In 1873, the first newspaper was published by Samuel Biglari, the "Prairie Schooner". Biglari noted in the October 25, 1873, newspaper, "Nine months ago the first house was erected. Now there are 79 permanent buildings already constructed, and this number will be increased by others already planned." Marshall became an incorporated village in 1876, and a city on February 20, 1901. In April 1874, the local paper estimated the population of Marshall at 300; by 1900 the population was 2,088. Holy Redeemer Catholic Church was built in 1884. The Weiner Memorial Hospital was built in 1950. Also during the 1950s, Marvin Schwan transformed his dairy into an ice-cream home-delivery service, which eventually grew into the Schwan Food Company.  The flooding of the Redwood River historically had been a problem in Marshall. The city experienced a series of floods in the 1940s and 1950s. Diversion canals were constructed between 1961 and 1963, though occasional flooding still occurs, notably in 1993. Another project in 1997 removed of sediment from the diversion channel. The diversion channel and Redwood River underwent major upstream and downstream improvements, which were completed in December 2000. During both the spring and fall of 2010, the Marshall area experienced unseasonably high amounts of moisture, yet the Redwood River remained within its banks through town.  Southwest Minnesota State University was founded in 1963 and opened its doors in 1967. Most of the campus was constructed between 1967 and 1973.

Geography.

Marshall is at latitude 44.47N and longitude -95.78W, with an elevation of above sea level. The city is northeast of Sioux Falls, South Dakota and southwest of Minneapolis. It is in the Central Standard time zone and has been assigned the ZIP code of 56258. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of, of which is land and is water. It is located in a predominantly rural and agricultural area that was originally an expanse of northern tallgrass prairie. The flood plain of the Redwood River begins in Marshall.  U.S. Highway 59 and Minnesota State Highways 19, 23, and 68 are four of the main routes in the city. Greyhound Bus Lines provides intercity service.  The Southwest Minnesota Regional Airport-Marshall/Ryan Field is a municipal airport. The runway can handle commercial airliners. Marshall is not currently served by scheduled air service, but charter flights are available.

Demographics.

2010 census.

As of the census of 2010, there were 13,680 people, 5,394 households, and 2,992 families living in the city. The population density was. There were 5,744 housing units at an average density of. The racial makeup of the city was 86.8% White, 4.0% African American, 0.6% Native American, 3.0% Asian, 3.6% from other races, and 2.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.8% of the population.  There were 5,394 households of which 29.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.3% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.5% were non-families. 32.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 11% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 3.04.  The median age in the city was 29.7 years. 22.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 19.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.9% were from 25 to 44; 21.4% were from 45 to 64; and 11.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.5% male and 50.5% female.

2000 census.

As of the census of 2000, there were 12,735 people, 4,914 households, and 2,914 families living in the city. The population density was 1,537.0 people per square mile (593.1/km2). There were 5,182 housing units at an average density of 625.4 per square mile (241.3/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 91.35% White, 2.79% Black or African American, 0.35% American Indian or Alaska Native, 1.52% Asian, 0.03% Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, 2.61% from other races, and 1.34% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.93% of the population.  There were 4,914 households out of which 30.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.0% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.7% were non-families. 30.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 3.04.  In the city, the population was spread out with 23.9% under the age of 18, 19.1% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 17.7% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.5 males.  The median income for a household in the city was $37,950, and the median income for a family was $52,284. Males had a median income of $35,478 versus $21,640 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,588. About 7.8% of families and 12.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.3% of those under age 18 and 16.7% of those age 65 or over.

Religion.

69.6% of the people in Marshall affiliate with a particular religion. Specifically, 34.5% report that they are Catholic, 31.4% are Protestant, and 2.9% are another Christian faith. 0.8% are Mormon.

Economy.

The Schwan Food Company, headquartered in Marshall, is one of the largest frozen-food companies in the United States. It is a $3 billion organization and is the third-largest privately held corporation in Minnesota after Cargill and Carlson. With approximately 14,000 employees in the United States, The Schwan Food Company has grown to become one of the largest producers of frozen pizza and egg rolls in the nation. The company is also known for its frozen desserts and premium ice cream manufacturing and distribution. Schwans employs approximately 1,500 people in Marshall.  One of Marshall's streets downtown, Marvin Schwan Memorial Drive, located between College Drive (Marshall's main through street) and A Street, is named after Marvin Schwan, the founder of the Schwan Food Company, who died in 1993. Prior to that time, it was called Depot Street.  A large corn wet-milling facility operated by Archer Daniels Midland Company is located in Marshall. This was formerly run by a farmer's cooperative, Minnesota Corn Processors, but it merged with ADM in 2002. The plant employs 250 people.  Runnings Farm and Fleet is a regional retail chain with headquarters in Marshall.  Other major employers in the city are US Bancorp, Affiliated Community Medical Centers (ACMC), Avera Marshall Regional Medical Center, Hy-Vee, Walmart, Runnings Farm and Fleet, Menards, Southwest Minnesota State University, Turkey Valley Farms, and Marshall Public Schools.

Government.

Marshall has a mayor and city council that meet twice monthly. The city is divided into three wards, with two council members for each ward. The mayor and council members are elected for four year terms. The elected officials govern in coordination with a city administrator and city attorney. The major divisions of city hall are City Administration, Community Services, Economic Development, General Services, Public Safety, and Public Works.

Education.

Public schools in district 413 include Marshall Senior High School, Marshall Middle School, Parkside Elementary, and West Side Elementary. An additional service for grades 7–12 is Marshall East Campus Learning Alternatives. The athletic teams in Marshall are called the Tigers. Private schools include Holy Redeemer, Marshall Area Christian, and Samuel Lutheran School.  The Marshall-Lyon County Library is part of the Plum Creek Library System and contains 75,803 books, 3,142 audio materials, 2,302 video materials, and 205 periodical subscriptions.  Southwest Minnesota State University is a public, four-year liberal arts and professional studies institution. It has an enrollment of approximately 3,500 full-time students.

Marshall is a city in Lyon County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 13,680 at the 2010 census. Marshall is a regional center in southwest Minnesota, and the county seat of Lyon County. Marshall is the headquarters of the Schwan Food Company and the home of Southwest Minnesota State University. Marshall is also the site of Exelon Wind's Marshall Wind Project.

Marshall ist eine Stadt (mit dem Status „City“) und Verwaltungssitz des Lyon County im Südwesten des US-amerikanischen Bundesstaates Minnesota. Im Jahr 2010 hatte Marshall 13.680 Einwohner. Sowohl die Southwest Minnesota State University als auch der Hauptsitz der Schwan Food Company befinden sich in Marshall. Benannt ist die Stadt nach ehemaligen Gouverneur von Minnesota William Rainey Marshall.


History.

The company is the result of the merger between Multikabel, @Home, and Casema and launched officially on 16 May 2008. Later followed by a merger with UPC Nederland in the first quarter of 2015, at that time the second largest cable company in the Netherlands. It kept the brand name Ziggo. Its main competitors are KPN and CanalDigitaal.  Most of the share capital was up to 2012 held by holding companies of two private equity firms: Cinven and Warburg Pincus.  On 21 March 2012, Ziggo was listed on the NYSE Euronext stock exchange and later incorporated into the midcap equity AMX index. Additionally, there are options traded on the Ziggo share.  Cinven and Warburg Pincus started to reduce their stake in Ziggo and exited Ziggo in April 2013.  In March 2013, Liberty Global acquired a 12.65% stake in Ziggo. This grew to 15% in April and 28.5% in July.  On 27 January 2014, Liberty Global announced that it would be acquiring all remaining shares in Ziggo for € 10 billion. The takeover was subject to regulatory approval and was expected to close by the second quarter of 2014, when Ziggo was expected to merge with UPC Nederland. In May 2014, the European Commission announced opening an in-depth investigation to assess whether the proposed acquisition of Ziggo by Liberty Global is in line with the EU Merger Regulation. The opening of an in-depth inquiry does not prejudge the outcome of the investigation. In November 2014, Liberty Global took over Ziggo. In December 2014, the shares of Ziggo N.V. were delisted from Euronext Amsterdam as Ziggo was converted into the Dutch private limited company ("besloten vennootschap") Ziggo Holding B.V.  On 5 January 2015, Ziggo started to harmonize its cable network with the UPC Nederland cable network. The name UPC was finally phased out in favor of Ziggo on 13 April 2015.  On 15 February 2016, British telecommunications company Vodafone announced the merger of their Dutch operations Vodafone Netherlands with Liberty Global, the owner of Ziggo. The deal was closed on 31 December, creating a new parent company for both Ziggo and Vodafone, called VodafoneZiggo, with a 50/50 joint ownership by Liberty Global and Vodafone.

Cable television.

In 2014 the Ziggo hybrid fiber-coaxial cable network passed 7.140 million homes in the Netherlands. In 2020 it consisted of of fiber-optic cables that transported 97% of the total data volume in the network. The final 3%, averaging the last m to the final customer connection, are transported by of coaxial cables. , Ziggo has 3.916 million cable television subscribers.

Technology.

The digital television signal is transmitted in the DVB-C standard. The high-definition channels are encoded in H.264/MPEG-4 AVC and most standard-definition channels are encoded in MPEG-4. Only the FTC standard-definition channels are still encoded in MPEG-2. Customers can buy or rent a certified set-top box or Integrated Digital Television with embedded CA. Additionally customers can buy any television or set-top box with a DVB-C tuner for the free-to-cable basic subscription and optionally included by CI+ support with a Ziggo compatible conditional-access module for supplemental packages. As of 2015, Ziggo uses both the Nagravision and Irdeto conditional access system.  Previously, Ziggo also offered an analogue television signal. Between 2018 and 2020, it gradually phased out the analogue signal.

Channels.

Ziggo provides about 200 television channels and more than 100 radio channels, DVR service, video-on-demand content, catch-up TV from public television broadcasters and commercial television stations and interactive television. About 40 TV channels and 40 radio channels are transmitted in clear, while most premium channels are transmitted encrypted.  Basic service is called "Kabel TV" and consists of about 40 digital television channels (including 5 HD), as well as 40 digital and analogue radio channels. It consists of all the major Dutch networks and some of the main networks of neighbouring countries. Additional TV and radio channels are available through "TV Standard", "Movies & Series XL" and premium packages. Every additional package comes with Xite Music which offers 40 additional radio channels, as well as interactive video on demand services.  Ziggo offers about 55 HD channels including National Geographic HD, Discovery HD & History HD. Also including premium film and sport services such as Film1 HD, Fox Sports HD and Ziggo Sport Totaal HD. The rest are part of basic service.  On 4 July 2009 the Dutch public broadcaster NPO started simulcasting NPO 1, NPO 2, and NPO 3 in 1080i high-definition. These public HD channels are part of basic service.

Ziggo GO.

Ziggo GO is an online television service from Ziggo. The service allows users to watch live TV and on demand video content from a PC, laptop, tablet and mobile phone. It is also possible to stream live TV on Chromecast and Apple TV. The service was introduced by UPC in 2012. It was named Horizon TV app or Horizon GO. The service was renamed by Ziggo GO on 9 November 2016.  HBO 1/2/3 closed on 31 December 2016 in The Netherlands. Since then, all HBO content is available on Ziggo GO.

Internet.

, Ziggo has 3.240 million Internet access subscribers.  The EuroDOCSIS 3.0 standard is used to offer Internet access with download speeds of up to 500 Mbit/s.

Telephony.

, Ziggo has 2.551 million subscribers to their land-line telephone services. It also offered a virtual mobile phone service. Ziggo Mobile stopped offering new subscriptions in April 2017, and existing customers were migrated to Vodafone Netherlands in September 2017.

Triple play.

, 64.7% of subscribers have a triple play subscription: a cable television, internet and telephone service bundle.

Ziggo is the largest cable operator in the Netherlands, providing digital cable television, Internet, and telephone service to both residential and commercial customers.

Ziggo ist der größte niederländische Kabelnetzbetreiber. Er entstand im Mai 2008 aus dem Zusammenschluss von "Multikabel", "@Home Network" und "Casema"; seinen Sitz hat das Unternehmen in Utrecht. Ziggo versorgt rund 3 Millionen Haushalte (2,2 Millionen mit Kabelfernsehen, 1,7 Millionen mit digitaler Internet-Breitbandverbindung und 1,3 Millionen mit Telefonanschluss).


Description.

"Eucalyptus baueriana" is a tree that grows to a height of about, sometimes a small tree or mallee to high, and forms a lignotuber. It has persistent, light grey, fibrous or flaky bark with whitish patches, on the trunk and larger branches. The higher branches have smooth, grey bark that is shed in short ribbons. Young plants and coppice regrowth have broad egg-shaped to almost round leaves long and wide. Mature trees often have juvenile leaves in the crown. Adult leaves are egg-shaped, long and wide on a petiole long. The leaves are the same dull or glossy green colour on both sides and sometimes have a whitish bloom. The flowers are borne in groups of seven in leaf axils on an unbranched peduncle long, the individual buds on a pedicel long. Mature buds are oval to diamond-shaped, long and wide with a conical operculum. Flowering mainly occurs from September to December and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody, conical capsule long and wide with the valves enclosed.

Taxonomy and naming.

"Eucalyptus baueriana" was first formally described in 1843 by Johannes Conrad Schauer and the description was published in "Repertorium Botanices Systematicae". The specific epithet ("baueriana") honours Ferdinand Bauer.  In 2011, Kevin James Rule described three subspecies:

Distribution and habitat.

Blue box grows in woodland in near-coastal areas of New South Wales south from Putty to areas near Melbourne in Victoria although Chippendale in "Flora of Australia" reports the species occurring near Stanthorpe in Queensland and in the Glen Innes - Armidale area.  Subspecies "deddickensis" is restricted to two isolated population on the banks of the Deddick River in far north-eastern Victoria and subspecies "thalassina" to the Werribee River catchment near Bacchus Marsh.

Eucalyptus baueriana, commonly known as blue box or round-leaved box, is a tree that is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It has rough, fibrous or flaky bark on the trunk and branches, egg-shaped adult leaves, oval to diamond-shaped flower buds arranged in groups of seven, white flowers and conical fruit.

Eucalyptus baueriana ist eine Pflanzenart innerhalb der Familie der Myrtengewächse (Myrtaceae). Sie kommt an der Küste und im nördlichen Tafelland von New South Wales sowie im Südosten und Süden von Victoria vor und wird dort „Blue Box“, „Green Box“, „Fuzzy Box“ oder „Round-leaved Box“ genannt.


Career.

The Scottish utility man was signed from Partick Thistle for £38,000 in September 1963. Brown had represented the Scottish League earlier that month. The athletic hard man played in several positions. Harry Catterick saw his ability to read the game and played him in front of the back four when it was needed. Against West Ham he was deployed to intercept through balls toward Hurst and Peters.  He was most effective as an overlapping full-back but also played as an emergency attacker and scored against Real Zaragoza in a European game during the 1966–67 season. In fact he played in every position during his Everton career, including goalkeeper. This came after Gordon West was sent off in a game against Newcastle United. He played four games on Everton's way to the 1966 FA Cup Final but didn't play at Wembley and missed out on a winner's medal. He did achieve silverware though, picking up a League Champions medal for the 1969-70 season with Everton.  Arguably his most memorable moment was an own goal scored during the Merseyside Derby in that championship-winning season. Many pundits including Saint and Greavsie celebrated the goal in later years, with Danny Baker referring to it is "the own goal by which all other own goals are surely measured" in his video 'Own Goals and Gaffs'. In total he played 251 games in all competitions for Everton, scoring 11 goals.  After leaving Everton in May 71 he made a further 21 appearances for Shrewsbury. He moved again the next season to Southport and played 19 games during the 1972-73 season. After he retired from playing football, Brown worked in a biscuit factory. He died in April 2014 following long illness.

Alexander Dewar "Sandy" Brown (24 March 1939 – 8 April 2014) was a Scottish footballer, best known as an Everton player where he played from 1963 until 1971.

Alexander Dewar „Sandy“ Brown (* 24. März 1939 in Grangemouth; † 8. April 2014 in Blackpool) war ein schottischer Fußballspieler. Zumeist als linker Außenverteidiger eingesetzt, gewann er 1970 mit dem FC Everton die englische Meisterschaft, diente dem Klub darüber hinaus aber häufig nur als Ergänzungsspieler.


Literary work.

The accumulated works of Tolentino de Almeida include sonnets, odes, memorials and satires, among other genres. In 1801 the poet collected his works into one volume, titled "Obras poéticas", published by the state. After his death, some more complete collections were published, including texts unknown until then.

Satire.

Tolentino's satire, which made him particularly known, and set him apart from his contemporaries (in fact, he did not belong to any of the Arcádian literary societies, but was one of the "Dissidents"), is directed at the pettiness of tradition, the fakery of appearances, and the senselessness of certain social groups and behaviors, with a humor that was both ironic and amusing. The poet includes himself amongst the cooperators of this mediocrity, resigning himself to his own small-mindedness—some of his poems are homages to great people of the time, whose protection and help he needed. Tolentino presents himself as living in misery, and declares himself, both ironically and conscientiously, as a character in the human comedy that he caricatured.

Characteristics.

From the point of view of style, the poet's work is marked by his simplicity, distant from the grandiloquence and the metrical structure of the neoclassic poets. His verses approach the popular forms, and his tone approaches a colloquialism, which contributes to the effect of denunciation of everyday vices, of ordinary episodes.

Legacy.

He is considered by many as one of the great literary figures of the Portuguese 18th century, as well as one of the greatest national satirists.  Tolentino made the earliest known literary reference to "Brazilian modinha" in 1779, most likely in reference to Domingos Caldas Barbosa's music. In addition, one of his characters in a farce from 1786—"A rabugem das velhas" [The bad-tempered old women]—mentions "this new "modinha" that's been invented now", which sends her grandmother into a rage, eulogizing the past.

Nicolau Tolentino de Almeida (10 September 1740 – 23 June 1811), from Lisbon, was the foremost Portuguese satirical poet of the 18th century. Beginning at age 20, Tolentino studied law for three years at the University of Coimbra; he then ended those studies to teach rhetoric. He was sent to Lisbon in 1776 to fill a post, and was named professor of rhetoric a year later. His interests soon shifted once again, from teaching, to public office. He wrote against the Marquis of Pombal, and therefore gained the favor of Pombal's successor. He was awarded with a sinecure office in the royal administration. In 1790, he was honored with the title of knight of the royal family.

Nicolau Tolentino de Almeida (* 10. September 1740 in Lissabon, Portugal; † 23. Juni 1811 ebenda) war ein portugiesischer Jurist und Lyriker. Er gilt als einer der bedeutendsten Satiriker Portugals im 18. Jahrhundert.


History.

The existence of these migrant workers is connected to the Hukou system of the People's Republic of China, with which the government sought to limit the ratio of urbanization of the population. The Hukou system is a system of residence and household registration, which provides citizens with permits for residency, which are required for the use of schools, hospitals and other public facilities. This system prohibits people without a permit from permanently residing in a municipality. Without a permit, none of the aforementioned public services can be utilized.  With the political and economical opening of the People's Republic of China in the 1970s, the need for workers in the urban areas grew. Unschooled labourers were put to work in factories, the construction industry and in big public infrastructure projects, such as rail and roadway construction, as well as the construction of hydroelectric dams. This led to a massive influx of labourers leaving from the countryside. These couldn't officially settle near their workplace, due to the Hukou system, which led to their family staying in the countryside on their farms, while the workers leave home to work. This allows them to return to their plot of farm land once the work is finished.

Numbers and conditions.

The word mingong is constructed from the Chinese words "min", which means people, or masses, and "gong", which means worker. Since these "masses of workers" are not registered, it is unknown exactly how many of these migrant workers exist. According to data from the National Bureau of Statistic of China (NBS), the number of mingong was 290.77 million in 2019.  The hopes of the migrant workers are that they are able to live in modern houses and may work and live in simple, but healthy conditions, which are better than those they live in on the countryside. In reality, most mingong live in slums and don't have long term contracts. The growing number of workers must settle for exploitative wages, work without contracts and uncertain conditions. If they become unemployed, they have the choice between going back to the countryside or looking for a new job in another urban area. These workers hardly have a chance to get themselves qualified or to build a new life.

Future of the system.

A reform of the Hukou system is planned, but the realization has yet to be started. Meanwhile, the businesses profit from these developments, which provides them with a flexible and mobile workforce with low wages. This fact, combined with the undervaluation of the Yuan, is at the core of the rapid development and growth of the Chinese economy.

Mingong () are migrant workers in the People's Republic of China, who, starting in the last decades of the 20th century, have been travelling from the countryside to the cities to work. It is a recent phase of migration in China.

Mingong () sind Wanderarbeiter, die in der Volksrepublik China seit den letzten Jahrzehnten des 20. Jahrhunderts aus den ländlichen Gebieten auf Arbeitssuche in die großen Zentren des Landes und deren Umland gezogen sind.


The project.

The German and French archives in the Upper Rhine region, (Baden, Palatinate and Alsace) hold unique manuscripts, some of which date from the Middle Ages and are a source of information about the history of the region and its economic, social and cultural evolution. However, only a small number of people have so far been able to access these resources: the obstacles posed by the language of the documents and the training required to understand them, the scripts used in manuscripts, and especially the dispersal of these resources among different archives have made it difficult for the general public to consult them.  The project's aim in developing the portal was to erase the border between France and Germany: through its content, it is by its very nature a bilingual, cross-border portal and an open network of different archives. The goal was to virtually reproduce the historical memory of the Upper Rhine region. This approach will allow the public to access the historical knowledge and collections of the Upper Rhine region, with the help of modern bilingual explanations of historical documents, and the use of new media (digitization online access, and communication platforms such as blogs).  The project covers the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Early Modern Period (16th century). In the past, people weren't particularly aware of the border, and natural borders such as the Rhine were 'permeable'", which sources from the Middle Ages and the Reformation show clearly. It is expected that the portal will be expanded to cover more recent historical periods, up to and including the major conflicts between France and Germany in the 19th and 20th centuries: representing the border space over time and as a whole, from the height of its strength to its weaker periods would offer a meaningful and coherent perspective.  The partner institutions contributed to the project in various ways, including preparing and digitizing the historical source documents and making them available through the portal, developing a cross-border database ("Archivum Rhenanum"), which is also permanently accessible through the portal. Further initiatives include mediation with the general public about cultural heritage as "collective memory", through, for example, the development of a platform for discussion and communication with the public that is permanently maintained. Finally, steps were taken to ensure the preservation of the archival collections.  The project ran from 2013 to 2015 and is now finished.

The project Archivum Rhenanum - Archives numérisées du Rhin supérieur or ""Réseau transfrontalier de sources historiques numérisées : les archives comme mémoire de l’espace du Rhin supérieur et de sa formation"" in French (""Digitale Archive am Oberrhein"" and ""Grenzüberschreitendes Netzwerk digitaler Geschichtsquellen: Archive als Gedächtnisse der historisch gewachsenen Landschaft Oberrhein"" in German) aimed to create a transnational Franco-German portal and an open network of archives. It was supported by institutions, associations and experts in history and civilization. Through this portal, the general public can now access digitized resources, along with further information about them, from archives on both sides of the border.

Das Projekt Archivum Rhenanum – Digitale Archive am Oberrhein bzw. "Grenzüberschreitendes Netzwerk digitaler Geschichtsquellen: Archive als Gedächtnisse der historisch gewachsenen Landschaft Oberrhein" wird ein grenzüberschreitendes, deutsch-französisches Portal und ein offenes Netzwerk von Archiven aufbauen. Es wird von historischen und landeskundlichen Experten, Institutionen und Vereinen unterstützt. Durch Digitalisierung in Kombination mit Erläuterungen soll der breiten Öffentlichkeit Zugang zu grenzüberschreitenden Archivmaterialien geboten werden.


Election summary.

The pro-independence, left-wing opposition party, Inuit Ataqatigiit (Greenlandic for: Community of the People), led by Kuupik Kleist, won the election, getting 43.7% of the votes. The governing Siumut Party (Greenlandic for Forward) led by Prime Minister Hans Enoksen took 26.5% of the vote and lost control of the government for the first time in 30 years.  Siumut is likely to be left out of government as both the Inuit Ataqatigiit and Demokraatit parties have ruled out the possibility of working with Siumut. Siumut's former coalition partner, Atassut, gained too few seats to make a new coalition powerful enough to challenge for the government.  A particular set-back for Siumut was the failure to re-elect Jonathan Motzfeldt, a familiar figure in Greenlandic politics having been the state's first and third prime minister who received just 91 votes and failed to be re-elected for the first time since 1971. Enoksen has stated that he would step down as party leader, a position he has held since 2002, if his colleagues wish him to. Siumut is believed to have lost votes over a recent series of scandals, including one over expenses, and concerns over its ability to manage with greater autonomy.  Kleist set a new record for most votes in a Greenlandic election with 5,461 received. This compares with Akitsinnguaq Olsen who was elected with just 112 votes. Greenland has a population of 57,600 people.  The newly formed Sorlaat Partiiat gained just 383 votes in the election and dissolved shortly afterwards. The party stood on a platform of huge spending reductions and opposed Greenland rejoining the EU.

General elections were held in Greenland on 2 June 2009. Prime Minister Hans Enoksen announced the election date on 15 April 2009, stating that he would prefer for a newly elected parliament to administer Greenland when the self-government reform takes effect on 21 June 2009. The reform gave more power to the Greenlandic parliament with decisions on most issues being devolved to the parliament but defence and foreign affairs remaining under the control of Denmark.

Die Parlamentswahl in Grönland 2009 fand am 2. Juni statt. Neu zu besetzen waren alle 31 Sitze im Inatsisartut bzw. Landsting, dem grönländischen Parlament.


Development.

The M-10000 car design built upon the efforts of William Bushnell Stout, an early designer of all-metal airplanes, who adapted fuselage design ideas to the "Railplane" (not to be confused with the "Bennie Railplane"), a lightweight self-propelled railcar built by Pullman-Standard in 1932. The tapered car cross-section, lightweight tubular aluminum space frame construction, and Duralumin skin of the "Railplane" were carried over into the M-10000 design. The performance of the "Railplane" in testing drew the attention of Union Pacific, who sought the services of Pullman-Standard in building a small, lightweight streamlined trainset for mainline service. Union Pacific ordered M-10000 from Pullman in May 1933 at a cost of $230,997, following an analysis of passenger traffic that concluded new, more cost effective equipment than heavyweight passenger cars and steam locomotives was required for maintaining profitability, especially on low-traffic routes. The streamlined body was developed from a series of wind tunnel tests that were carried out at the University of Michigan.  The Electro-Motive Corporation (EMC) developed the internal combustion-electric propulsion system powered by a 600 hp spark-ignition engine. As was their practice as a system engineering firm at the time, they contracted manufacture of the components of their systems to primary equipment manufacturers. General Motors' Cleveland subsidiary, the Winton Engine Corporation, provided the prime mover. The air brake compressor, main generator, traction motors and control equipment were manufactured by the General Electric Company. Skepticism that development efforts for diesel engines underway in the early 1930s would provide timely release of an engine adequate for high speed rail service led to use of a spark-ignition distillate engine. Trucks were strongly influenced by German passenger bogie design, as investigated by Union Pacific chief engineer A.H. Fetters.

Design.

The M-10000 was a three-car trainset, with a combined power/baggage/railway post office car and two trailing passenger coaches. The power car measured long, followed by coaches measuring and. Including the space between cars, the trainset had a total length of, with a width of and a height of at the cab; the coaches were shorter. The trainset was articulated using shared Jacobs bogies to reduce weight, making the train operate as one integrated unit rather than as a separable locomotive and cars. The integrated-body-and-frame construction using aluminum reduced the required structural weight to a fraction of that for conventional body-on-frame railcars, and the trainset's total weight of was about the same as a single passenger coach of the time.  The power car featured an elevated "turret cab" behind a nose featuring a large vertically-divided air intake grille formed by parabolic arches. On the roof of the cab were a headlamp and a vertical marker light. The train was powered by a single spark-ignited distillate-burning engine built by the General Motors subsidiary Winton Engine Corporation driving a generator that powered two traction motors on the leading truck of the power car. The two passenger coaches each had a capacity of 60 people; the last coach also included a small galley at the rear end to prepare meals that were served at passengers' seats. Original livery consisted of Armour Yellow sides with a Leaf Brown nose, roof, rear, and lower panels, with red striping separating the two main colors. The nose was subsequently painted Armour Yellow consistent with other early Union Pacific streamliners.

Service history.

The trainset was delivered on February 12, 1934, and was sent on a publicity tour across the US, during which about a million people toured it and its stops became local media sensations. During its exhibition tour across the US as "The Streamliner", it visited Washington DC for inspection by Franklin Delano Roosevelt. The popular train was put on display at the 1934 World's Fair ("A Century of Progress") in Chicago from May 26 to October 31, 1934. It was somewhat overshadowed by the other lightweight streamliner, the diesel-powered "Burlington Zephyr", which entered the fair after a record-setting "Dawn to Dusk Dash" speed run from Denver to Chicago, in time to arrive at the "Wings of a Century" transportation pageant. During its testing, demonstration, and display periods, the M-10000 trainset included the sleeper car "Overland Trail," which was removed from the consist prior to revenue service and added to Union Pacific's next streamliner, M-10001.  M-10000 was placed in revenue service between Kansas City, Missouri and Salina, Kansas as "The Streamliner" on January 31, 1935. It was subsequently named "City of Salina" as Union Pacific adopted the ""City of..."" convention for its new streamliners, but was also nicknamed the "Tin Worm" or "Little Zip". It operated until December 1941, by which time its engine, after powering the train for approximately 995,000 miles, required replacement that was deemed prohibitively expensive. The trainset was scrapped the following year, with its aluminum recycled for use in the wartime aircraft industry.

Legacy.

Union Pacific commissioned five diesel-powered streamliners during 1934–36, evolved from the M-10000 design. The color scheme originated with M-10000 was used for UP's later streamliners, and changed incrementally to the Armour Yellow and Harbor Mist Gray livery that became UP's standard. The "Streamliner" name for M-10000 became the general term for locomotives and passenger trains styled with clean lines and an aerodynamic look. The high-mounted, behind-the-nose cab design originated with M-10000 was later adopted for EMC's E-Series and F-Series locomotives, although without the front-mounted air intake. Integrated-body-and-frame, or carbody, designs became standard for rail equipment where weight was a concern, such as early mainline diesel locomotives, passenger cars, urban mass transit rail, and high speed passenger rail.

In popular culture.

In the 1937 children's book "Choo Choo: The Story Of An Engine Who Ran Away" by Virginia Lee Burton, an M-10000 is cast as the streamliner train that helps Choo Choo's crew pursue the title engine after she runs away. Once Choo Choo is found on an old unused track, her engineer, Jim, uses a chain to help the streamliner tow Choo Choo back to the big city as the M-10000 lacks couplers.

The M-10000 was an early American streamlined passenger trainset that operated for the Union Pacific Railroad from 1934 until 1941. It was the first streamlined passenger train to be delivered in the United States, and the second to enter regular service after the "Pioneer Zephyr" of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad.

Der UP M-10000 war ein im Februar 1934 bei der Union Pacific Railroad in Dienst gestellter, stromlinienförmig gestalteter dreiteiliger Schnelltriebwagen mit dieselelektrischem Antrieb für den Tagesverkehr. Neben dem wenige Wochen später für die Burlington Route fertiggestellten Pioneer Zephyr gilt der M-10000 als der erste im kommerziellen Personenverkehr eingesetzte Stromlinienzug Nordamerikas.


Early years.

Ovando was born in Cobija from an upper-middle class family of immigrants parents from Extremadura, Spain and Piedmont, Italy. He started his long military career in the early 1930s, when he served in the Chaco War against Paraguay. Originally rather apolitical, he was chosen (among others) to lead the reconstituted Armed Forces of Bolivia in the aftermath of the 1952 Revolution that installed in power the reformist Revolutionary Nationalist Movement party, better known as the MNR. Ovando lived through the relative deprivation, reduced budgets, and loss of prestige of the defeated Bolivian army during the early years of MNR rule. By the early 1960s, President Víctor Paz Estenssoro came to rely more heavily on the military in the face of growing political divisions among the governing elites. Equally as important in this rebirth was the considerable pressure exerted by the United States to modernize and equip the troops for a decidedly more political role: that of fighting possible Cuba-styled Communist insurgencies.

The 1964 coup d'état and the co-presidency.

When Paz Estenssoro amended the Constitution in 1964 in order to allow himself to run for re-election (a largely frowned-upon move in the largely personalistic world of Bolivian politics), General Ovando, along with the Vice-President and former head of the Air Force René Barrientos, toppled Paz from power. They ruled together in a Junta (sometimes called "The Co-Presidency) until January 1966, when Barrientos resigned in order to register himself as a candidate. At that point Ovando became sole President, leading the country to the elections from which the popular Barrientos emerged victorious. With the new president having taken the oath of office in August 1966, Ovando returned to his post as Commander of the Bolivian Air Forces.

Armed forces commander and president-in-waiting, 1966-69.

Uncharismatic but tenacious, Ovando was biding his time, counting on the fact that he would be the logical choice to run for elections once Barrientos' term ended in 1970, perhaps with some electoral "help" from the outgoing administration. Soon, major differences emerged between Ovando and the president, however, especially in regard to the massacre of miners at Siglo XX in June 1967, and the so-called Arguedas Affair of 1968. In early 1967, a guerrilla force had been discovered to be operating in the rural Bolivian southwest under the leadership of the Argentine-Cuban revolutionary Ernesto "Che" Guevara. While the popular insurgency was eventually crushed by the US-trained Bolivian military troops under American CIA command, Guevara was captured and executed in October 1967. This event fostered a major spin-off scandal that surfaced in 1968. That year, Barrientos' trusted friend and Minister of Interior, Antonio Arguedas, disappeared with the captured diary of Che Guevara, which soon surfaced in Havana. From abroad, Arguedas confessed himself to have been all along a clandestine Marxist supporter, and denounced Barrientos and many of his aides as being on the CIA's payroll. This event embarrassed US military School of the Americas (SOA) graduate Barrientos as a US-controlled puppet, and prompted Ovando to distance himself from the president with an eye to the projected 1970 elections. (The US SOA notoriously trained many Latin American dictators and death squads in counterinsurgency tactics and torture and disappearance techniques).  The worries proved unnecessary, for Barrientos perished in a tragic helicopter crash on 27 April 1969. His Vice-President, a little-known Christian-Democrat politician named Luis Adolfo Siles, was sworn as President soon thereafter, in accordance to the Constitution. Siles' poor relations with Ovando led Siles to support the candidacy of the popular Mayor of La Paz, Armando Escobar, as the true successor of the now-constantly eulogized Barrientos, threatening to spoil the carefully laid plans of Ovando. Furthermore, Ovando had been undergoing a political metamorphosis, and had come to conclude that he had to move to the Left in order to be acceptable as President in the ideologically super-charged atmosphere of the late 1960s. The changes he planned to institute could be difficult to enact in the presence of a potentially hostile Congress. For these reasons, Ovando decided not to wait for the elections (which no one could guarantee he could win, with the popular Escobar as candidate) and on 26 September 1969, he executed a coup d'état that overthrew Siles.

The 1969-70 Ovando dictatorship.

Ovando's short (13 month) dictatorship was difficult and marked by political violence. Upon taking office, he declared himself in favor of fundamental changes aimed at enhancing the deplorable living conditions of the vast majority of Bolivians. To this end, he nationalized the Bolivian operations of the U.S.-based Gulf Oil Corporation and called on known leftist intellectuals to become part of his cabinet. Ovando also announced his political adherence to the principles espoused by other so-called "leftist military" regimes then in vogue in Latin America, foremost of which were the regimes of Peru's Juan Velasco and Panama's Omar Torrijos.  Ovando's populist stance surprised many conservative members of the Bolivian military and failed to fully satisfy the increasingly more belligerent forces of the Left, especially the workers and students. Worse, the military (in whose name he served) had become polarized, with some sectors supporting the President and even calling for a further leftward turn (General Juan José Torres) and others criticizing Ovando and urging a more conservative, anti-Communist, and pro U.S. stance (General Rogelio Miranda). In June 1970, a new Marxist guerrilla emerged in the lowlands near La Paz, this time constituted mostly by Bolivian university students aligned with the outlawed Ejército de Liberación Nacional (National Liberation Army, or ELN). The new guerrilla outbreak was easily controlled, but Ovando's response had been rather vacillating and timid. He offered a generous safe haven to guerrillas who gave up the fight, for example, in contrast to Barrientos' call for "heads on spikes" in 1967. The forces of the right had had enough.

The October 1970 coup and retirement.

On 6 October 1970, an anti-government coup d'état took place via a junta of commanders of the Bolivian Military. However, the polarized forces of the military were evenly split. Much blood was shed on the streets of various major cities, with garrisons fighting each other on behalf of one camp or the other. Eventually, President Ovando sought asylum in a foreign embassy, believing all hope was lost. But the leftist military forces re-asserted themselves under the combative leadership of General Juan José Torres, and eventually triumphed. Embarrassed by his quick abandonment of the fight, and worn out by 13 grueling months in office, Ovando agreed to leave the presidency in the hands of his friend, General Torres. The latter was sworn in and rewarded Ovando with the Bolivian ambassadorship in Spain. Ovando remained in Madrid until 1978, when he returned to Bolivia. In his latter years, he supported the progressive UDP alliance of former President Hernán Siles, but otherwise never participated in active politics again. He died in La Paz on 4 January 1982. His wife died in 2014.

Alfredo Ovando Candía (6 April 1918 – 24 January 1982) was a Bolivian president and dictator (1964–66 and 1969–70), general and political figure.

Alfredo Ovando Candía (* 6. April 1918; † 24. Januar 1982 in La Paz) war ein bolivianischer Militär und faktischer Staatspräsident.


History.

CKXR first signed on the air on November 18, 1965 on its original frequency of 580 AM, under original owners Hall-Gray Broadcasting Company Ltd. Three days later, CKXR put its Revelstoke rebroadcaster CKCR on the air at 1340 AM. CKXR and CKCR became the founding stations of a regional radio system called the Big R Network shortly after the stations' establishment.  On July 21, 1972, CKXR increased its transmission power to 10,000 watts in the daytime and 1000 watts at night. On May 16, 1974, CKCR Revelstoke was upgraded from a rebroadcaster of CKXR to a semi-satellite when CKCR began originating programming from its own studio, in addition to receiving the balance of its programs from CKXR. That same year CKCR set up a rebroadcaster of its own when CKGR in Golden began operations at 1400 AM. On December 31, 1984, CKGR also began originating some programming, and CKIR in Invermere began rebroadcasting CKGR at 870 AM.  In 1999, the CRTC approved the purchase of CKXR and its rebroadcasters by Okanagan Skeena Group Ltd., which was subsequently purchased by Telemedia. With the Telemedia purchase, CKXR received the EZ Rock branding shortly afterward. Telemedia's broadcasting assets (including CKXR) were purchased by Standard Broadcasting (through its Standard Radio division) in 2002. On June 5, 2006, CKXR received approval to move to the FM band at its current frequency; it was originally to simulcast programming with its old 580 AM frequency for three months, but the simulcast period was extended to February 27, 2008, due to the new FM signal not reaching the communities of Enderby and Sicamous, to allow CKXR to set up rebroadcast transmitters in those communities (104.3 FM with 210 watts in Enderby, 102.1 FM with 200 watts in Sicamous).  In October 2007, the assets of Standard Radio (including CKXR) were purchased by Astral Media. Astral's assets were acquired by the station's current owner, Bell Media, in September 2013.  CKCR in Revelstoke has applied to convert from the AM band to the FM band which received approval on March 3, 2009. CKCR will broadcast on 106.1 FM with 800 watts.  On October 15, 2010, CKGR received approval to move from the AM band to the FM band on the frequency of 106.3 MHz.

CKXR-FM is a Canadian radio station in Salmon Arm, British Columbia. The station is owned by Bell Media and airs an adult contemporary format under the EZ Rock on-air brand.

CKXR-FM (EZ Rock 91.5) ist ein englischsprachiger, privater Hörfunksender in Salmon Arm, British Columbia, Kanada. Der Sender gehört seit 2006 zu Astral Media in Kanada. Das Sendeformat entspricht dem Adult Contemporary Format und wird zurzeit mit einer Leistung von 810 W auf 91,5 MHz ausgestrahlt.


History.

Tofaş was founded in 1974. The team won the BSL in two consecutive seasons, in the 1998–99 and 1999–2000 seasons. The following year, however, the team withdrew from the league, for financial reasons. They returned to competition in the BSL in the 2003–04 season, but they were relegated down a league level the following year.  Tofaş next played in the BSL, from the 2009–10 season, to the 2014–15 season. In addition to the club's two Turkish Super League titles (1999, 2000), the team has also won three Turkish Cups (1993, 1999, 2000), and a Turkish President's Cup (1999). In the club's heyday, the team also achieved significant success at the European-wide continental level. Such as being the runner-up in the European-wide third-tier level FIBA Korać Cup's 1996–97 season Final against the Greek club Aris Thessaloniki.  Tofaş also competed in the European-wide top-tier level EuroLeague, in the 1999–2000 season.  In 2015, Tofaş relegated from the BSL to the First League. The club immediately promoted back as it was the 2016 TBL champion. The club played in the European-wide second-tier level EuroCup, in the 2017–18 season. The same season, Tofaş reached the 2018 finals of the BSL. Despite winning game 3 at home, the team fell to Fenerbahçe and lost the series 4–1.

Arenas.

Tofaş S.K. used the 3,500-seat capacity Bursa Atatürk Sport Hall, as its home arena for many years. The club then moved into the 7,500-seat capacity Tofaş Nilüfer Spor Salonu.

Tofaş Spor Kulübü ("English: Tofaş Sports Club") (more commonly known as Tofaş) is a professional basketball team that is based in Bursa, Turkey. Their home arena is the Tofaş Nilüfer Spor Salonu, with a capacity of 7,500 seats. The team is sponsored by Tofaş, which is a Turkish automaker.

Tofaş Spor Kulübü () ist ein türkischer Basketballverein aus Bursa. Der Klub wurde zweimal Meister und dreimal Pokalsieger der Türkei. Bis 1999 war der Verein auch unter dem Namen Tofaş SAS bekannt.