History.

In 1840, Jonathan Lucas III built a four-story brick, steam-powered rice mill on the Ashley River. This mill burned on November 20, 1860.  Construction of a new mill began quickly. Although hampered by the Union blockade, the mill was capable of full operation in late 1863. When Charleston was occupied by the Union Army in 1865, the mill was used as a food distribution center. Its neighbour the East Point Rice Mill had been rebuilt in the mid-1840s by engineer James McLaren and the Scottish merchant James Robb. The mill passed to Robb's sons James Jr and William on his death in 1859.  After the Civil War, the mill resumed operations and its production increased. In 1886, it suffered damage from the 1886 Charleston earthquake. Brickwork was damaged and the gables were brought down. At some point before the 1920s, the entire roof was replaced except for the kingposts and trusses.  In 1890, the three Charleston mills produced over 97,000 barrels of rice. Competition from western rice growers and a number of hurricanes caused rice production in South Carolina to fall. In 1888, West Point Mill Company purchased a share of Chisolm's Mill. In 1894, West Point and Bennett's Mill combined and bought Chisolm's Mill, which was closed. Rice production continued to fall. West Point Mill was closed in 1920, and the company began to sell its assets. Around 1925, the mill's steam engine was sold to the Henry Ford Museum. The mill's property was sold to the City of Charleston in 1926.  In 1930, the U.S. Post Office indicated its desire to build a seaplane base for mail service at the site. Although this was never accomplished, it planted the idea of a seaplane terminal at the site.  In 1933, the Civil Works Administration started building the Municipal Yacht Basin. Later that year, the building was leased to American Bagging Company as a depot and warehouse for jute imported for its plant on Meeting Street.  The City of Charleston continued to explore opportunities for using the building as a seaplane terminal. In the spring of that year, flights from Germany to Charleston were proposed. In early 1937, the Works Progress Administration started work to convert the mill building into the James F. Byrnes air terminal. Pan American World Airways hired the New York firm of Delano and Aldrich to plan for a passenger station. Reconstruction efforts were carried out on the exterior and first two floors.  With the start of World War II in Europe, transatlantic service was abandoned. The City competed for a naval seaplane base, but it went to Jacksonville, Florida. The building was occupied by the Charleston District of the Civilian Conservation Corps. In 1941, the building was taken over for the administration of the Charleston Area Inshore Patrol of the Sixth Naval District. In 1946, it became the headquarters for the Sixth Naval District Mine Craft Base. It was used by the U.S. Navy through the 1950s when it was transferred to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. From 1966 to around 1986, the Trident Chamber of Commerce was located in the building along with some commercial tenants. After that, the building was again vacant.  In the fall of 1989, the building suffered from a fire with significant damage to an addition. Then Hurricane Hugo damaged the roof. After repairs, it was leased to the Bennett-Hofford Company. Bennett-Hofford performed a $3 million renovation to the building before the structure was added to the National Register, and several offices and restaurants have occupied the building since. The restoration received one of the Preservation Society of Charleston's Carolopolis Awards in 1995.

Architecture.

The original building is long and wide with a gabled roof. Although it was the largest of the Charleston rice mills, it lacked the architectural detailing of the other two buildings. The Flemish bond brick building is three and one-half stories above ground level. There are eleven bays along the west or Ashley River elevation. The center three bays project slightly forward. It has a Palladian style with stuccoed Doric pilasters demarking the three bays of the main portico on the west elevation and pilasters on the either side of the last bay of both the east and west elevations. There are pairs of pilasters at the end of the north and south elevations. Two-story wings that are long and wide extend from the outer bays of the east elevation. The mill had two octagonal smokestacks on its east side.  The earthquake bolts installed in after the earthquake in 1886 are still visible on the building and its wings. The damaged gables were patched with roofing materials.  The renovations starting in 1937 were relatively minor on the exterior and major for the interior. The smokestacks were removed and a new entry was built on the east elevation. The ground level was rebuilt on a concrete slab. The gable brickwork was restored, but the brickwork was poorly matched. Demilune windows were put in the gables. Oculus windows were put in window openings on third level of the central gable on the west side. Cast-stone sills were installed in the first-floor windows. Only the first and second floors were completed.  After 1946, a first floor lobby was constructed in front of the central bays of the west side. This had a balcony on its roof with iron railing. After the 1989 fire, the balcony railing was removed and the west elevation rebuilt with three arched openings.  An elevator was installed in the 1960s on the east side entrance.  After the damage from Hurricane Hugo, the roof was replaced with standing-seam copper. Four shed dormers were added to the west side of the roof.  Additional pictures are available.

West Point Rice Mill is a former rice mill building in Charleston, South Carolina. It is at the City Marina at 17 Lockwood Drive. West Point Mill was one of three large rice mills in Charleston in the 19th century. This building was constructed in 1861 to replace a rice mill that had burned the previous year. It was named to the National Register of Historic Places on January 20, 1995.

Die West Point Rice Mill ist eine frühere Mühle am Lockwood Drive in Charleston, South Carolina. Sie war eine von drei Mühlen für Reis Charlestons im 19. Jahrhundert. Die Mühle wurde 1861 erbaut, um einen im Jahr zuvor niedergebrannten Bau zu ersetzen. Sie wurde am 20. Januar 1995 in das National Register of Historic Places eingetragen


Location.

The castle was situated in an uninhabited region by the important river crossing of the old post road over the River Meiße. Today the site of the castle is just a few metres from the entrance to the Serengeti Park, half in a small copse and half in farmland.

Description.

We have an idea of the former appearance of the castle site from a sketch drawn by Wilhelm von Hodenberg in the middle of the 19th century. At that time the last remnants of the castle - the earth ramparts, moats and stone ruins - were levelled or removed. According to the sketch the castle had an oval rampart, 109 x 95 m in diameter, which bordered immediately on the Meiße. The rampart was originally surrounded by a moat that was filled by water from the river. At the time the sketch was drawn, a farm track already cut through the ramparts to the interior. Within the ramparts was the foundation of a round "bergfried" with a 10 m diameter and an outside wall, 2.5 m thick. The bases of other walls were identified at other locations inside the ramparts.  Near the castle site Wilhelm von Hodenberg believed he had located a farmyard with a smithy, because he had found pieces of iron and slag. In addition the records show there was a castle mill on the Meiße as well as a historical castle chapel, the sites of which have not been identified.  In 1856 the von Hodenberg family commemorated the castle by erecting a monument which is located on the old castle site in the small copse.

History.

The castle belonged to the von Hodenbergs, who were an important aristocratic family in the region. After they had been forced by the counts of Hoya to move their seat from Altenbücken in about 1200, they built Hodenhagen Castle on the Meiße about further west. It is thought to have been built around 1200, but the castle is first mentioned in 1244.  Based at Hodenhagen Castle, the land of the aristocratic von Hodenberg family lay geographically and relationally between that of the counts of Hoya and the House of Welf who were pushing westwards. The Welf Duke, Otto the Strict, had Hodenhagen Castle destroyed in 1289 by slighting. In a deed dated 27 August 1289 he had had it assigned to him from Heinrich von Hodenberg. In this manner the Hodenberg family became subjected to the Duke and lost their regional authority; instead they became vassals of the Welfs. It is thought that the destruction of the castle also served to contain the widespread activities of the robber barons, that permeated the lower strata of the nobility at that time.  After the destruction of Hodenhagen Castle the family line moved its seat further west to the present-day Hodenhagen hamlet of Hudemühlen. There they built a manor house with defensive features, that formed the basis for the village of Hodenhagen established in 1400. Not until 1448 was the court of the von Hodenbergs described in the records as a castle ("Schloss"). The building was converted in the 16th century into the splendid, renaissance castle of Hudemühlen, that was demolished in the 19th century.

Similar fortifications in the local area.

Within the neighbourhood, in the valley of the Aller, there is a number of other medieval castles, some of similar design. These fortifications include those in Bierde, Ahlden (Bunkenburg), Essel (Uhlenburg) (Blankenburg Castle), Rethem and Grethem (Blankenhagen Castle).  Hodenhagen Castle belongs to the group of former castles, that were researched between 2003-2005 by the "Burgenlandschaft Aller-Leine-Tal" (B.A.L.T.) project. The project was supported by the European aid programme LEADER+, because it had located castle sites in the Aller-Leine Valley area. However Hodenhagen Castle was only studied by aerial photography; no excavations have been carried out to date.

Hodenhagen Castle (German: "Burg Hodenhagen") is the site ("Burgstall") of a former lowland castle ("Niederungsburg") built in the 13th century in the vicinity of Hodenhagen in the German state of Lower Saxony. This medieval manor house only lasted just under 100 years and was destroyed in 1289.

Die Burg Hodenhagen ist der Burgstall einer im 13. Jahrhundert bestandenen Niederungsburg nahe Hodenhagen im Landkreis Heidekreis in Niedersachsen. Der mittelalterliche Adelssitz bestand nur knapp 100 Jahre und wurde 1289 zerstört.


Early life.

Swain was born on November 30, 1958 in the Orange County suburb of Fullerton, California. She is the youngest of three children. Her mother, Joyce, bred Cardigan Welsh Corgis that have appeared in Hollywood films and television. In a 1989 interview, Swain said she was three years old when she asked for dance lessons, but had to wait until she was five, when she did classical ballet. In 1969, she became the youngest member of the Dance Theater of Orange County, a local company that performed at benefit shows in Anaheim. She spent eleven years studying ballet, and also learned flamenco dancing. She performed at multiple Disneyland's Christmas "Fantasy on Parade" events. She studied at the Community Theatre of Performing Arts and the Wilshire Theatre of Arts. She also performed in costume as the "Dutch Puppet", a name she used as a publishing alias during her early recording career. She went to Loara High School during her sophomore year, but then transferred to Anaheim High School. After graduating from high school in 1976, Swain joined the Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Circus, where she performed as a showgirl in her first year, and as an elephant rider in her second year. Her first singing project was a Los Angeles radio spot where she would introduce and announce programs while impersonating members of The Go-Go's.

Career.

1981–84: Q, SSQ and "Playback".

In 1981, Swain was introduced to Jon St. James, the proprietor of Fullerton's Casbah Recording Studio, which hosted recordings for the bands Berlin and Social Distortion. St. James was developing a synthpop group called Q, named after the James Bond character. The band consisted of St. James on guitars, and Dan Van Patten and John Van Tongeren on vocoder and synthesizer. She served as the assistant producer on the band's four tracks for "The Q EP" when St. James realized they needed a vocalist for their first track "Sushi", which Swain provided as she had previously recorded demos at his studio. She then became the lead singer for Q, although at that time, she still considered herself more of a dancer than a singer.  "The Q EP" received little airplay except on college radio. Its success led St. James and Swain to develop more songs. In 1982, the group added drummer Karl Moet and synth player Rich West, but had to change their name because of copyright issues when producer Quincy Jones reportedly had "established use of the 'Q' moniker". They renamed the band SSQ, which was inspired partly by a fishing endeavor where St. James "was fishing in a lake 'no bigger than a bathtub' and made a joke that the boat was the 'S.S. Q,'" and also that "SS" stood for Stacey Swain. SSQ released their debut album "Playback" in 1983 under Enigma Records, which featured the single "Synthicide" that was also made into a music video.

1985–87: Breakthrough, "Stacey Q" and "Better Than Heaven".

In 1985, Swain signed a recording contract with On the Spot Records, an independent label. Using Stacey Q as her moniker for solo works, she released her debut single "Shy Girl". Her eponymous album later was distributed in cassette format to limited release. The album contained an early version of "Two of Hearts", which originally was released and performed by Sue Gatlin. After her singles collectively sold several thousand copies, she signed with Atlantic Records with St. James as manager and the other members of SSQ as backup musicians.  She recorded the album "Better Than Heaven" in three weeks. Its title track was co-written by Berlin, "He Doesn't Understand" was written by Rusty Anderson, and "We Connect" was written by Willie Wilcox of Utopia "Two of Hearts", its lead single, received substantial radio airplay, along with its music video on MTV, in the latter half of 1986. It reached number 3 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart, and the top 10 in several other countries. The album reached number 59 on the US album chart, and was certified gold. "Two of Hearts" briefly was considered for a "Weird Al" Yankovic parody, but the songwriters declined. She went on a U.S. and European club tour.  The success of "Two of Hearts" led Swain to television appearances on talk shows as well as guest panel appearances on game shows "The Gong Show" and "The New Hollywood Squares" She appeared as the character Cinnamon in the episode "Off-Broadway Baby" of the NBC sitcom "The Facts of Life" where she performed "Two of Hearts". In a follow-up episode, "A Star Is Torn", she performed "We Connect". Cast regular George Clooney made his farewell appearance when his character decides to join Cinnamon as a roadie.

1988–92: "Hard Machine" and "Nights Like This".

Swain released "Hard Machine", the second Stacey Q album, in 1988. She changed her hair color from blond to red, and adopted a punk rock-influenced appearance. The album had other producers besides St. James, resulting in a different musical direction. The single "Don't Make a Fool of Yourself" peaked at number 66 on the US Hot 100, with a remix by Shep Pettibone making the top five on the Hot Dance Chart. The single was featured in the "Full House" episode "D.J. Tanner's Day Off", where she briefly appeared as Stacey Q. The songs "The River" and "Another Chance" were featured in the cult action film "One Man Force", where she also had an appearance.  "Nights Like This" was her third and final album with Atlantic. Released in 1989, it also marked SSQ's last participation. Its first single was "Give You All My Love," and "Heartbeat", its second single, featured backing vocals by Timothy B. Schmit of the Eagles. Its title track featured backing vocals by The Weather Girls. The musical style involved more experimenting with instruments such as Kawai keyboards. She promoted the album with another national tour at various clubs. On television, she appeared in an episode of "Mama's Family" in which she was a member of an all-female band called The Bonecrushers.

1993–97: "Stacey Q's Greatest Hits" and "Boomerang".

In 1993, Swain released the single "Too Hot for Love" under the independent label Thump Records. The single was structured toward an early-1990s dance sound and featured sexually suggestive lyrics, representing another change in direction for the artist. Thump also gathered material from her first Atlantic Records album as well as tracks from Q and SSQ that never had been released on CD into a 1995 compilation album, "Stacey Q's Greatest Hits". Most of the tracks were either remixed or re-edited entirely from their original versions in an attempt to modernize them.  In the mid-1990s, Swain traveled to Tibet, where she was introduced to the monastic dance and song of the Far East. She also lived in Nepal where she studied at monasteries with Buddhist lamas and was trained in the ancient art of cham dance. In 1997, she released the album "Boomerang", which reflected her experiences there, as well as her conversion to Buddhism. She also released a cover of a Janis Ian tune called "Tenderness", which reached number 5 on the Jamaican charts.

1998–08: Other projects and hiatus.

Swain continued to be involved in various music and acting projects. She appeared in a gay-themed art film called "Citizens of Perpetual Indulgence", and had a "special non-sexual appearance" in "Playing the Odds". She collaborated with director Geoffrey Karen Dior on the compilation album "Porn to Rock" and Dior's 2001 album "S E X". In 2000, she played the lead female character Yeshe Tsogyal in a production of "The Life of Padmasambhava" by the San Francisco-based Namsay Dorje Theater Company. In 2002, Swain appeared in the "Identity Parade" round of the VH1 game show "Never Mind the Buzzcocks". She provided vocals for "Hear The Feeling", a 2003 single by Divine Frequency (Simply Jeff), that was used for the soundtrack of a documentary on raves. She was the voice of Karin Kikuhara in the English-language version of "Stratos 4", a Japanese anime series. She provided vocals on the debut album of the Echo Junkies, a duo of former SSQ bandmates Jon St. James and Skip Hahn.  Thump Records released another Stacey Q compilation in 2007. "Queen of the 80s" contained original versions of many of her solo songs as well as songs by Q and SSQ. In November 2008, she appeared on CBS's "The Early Show" as part of the show's 1980s flashback segment where she sang "Two of Hearts".

2009–present: "Color Me Cinnamon".

Swain provided guest vocals for Hydra Productions, a songwriting duo consisting of Shawn Winstian and Shane Condo. "Liquid", their debut album, featured appearances by dance-pop artists of the 1980s, including Tiffany and Gioia Bruno of Exposé. Hydra Productions signed her to a solo deal where she released "Trip", her first solo single in 12 years, in 2009. This was followed by the album "Color Me Cinnamon" in 2010 and the maxi-single "Pandora's Box". The album was produced by Jon St. James, and explored a modernized electro-house sound. In late October, she released the Halloween-themed "Going Goth" EP, which featured remixes of many songs from "Color Me Cinnamon" and the "Trick or Treat" maxi-single the following year. Since then, she has participated in various freestyle music festivals.  In June 2016, Stacey Q and Scott Larson released three songs on iTunes: "I Need His Voice", "Love Shouldn't Be That Way" and "Just a Little Bit". In November of the same year, a new song titled "You Are Hawaii to Me", a duet with Scott Larson, was released. In October 2017, "Dance, Love, Pray", a duet with Lori St. James, was released on iTunes.  On Dec. 10, 2019, Stacey Q released the digital single, “Trippin’ Me Out.”  On Jan. 1, 2020, Stacey Q's band, SSQ, released the full-length album, “Jet Town Je t’aime”, featuring “Trippin’ Me Out” plus 11 new songs. The album was produced by longtime Stacey Q producer, Jon St. James.

External links.

Stacey Lynn Swain (born November 30, 1958), known by her stage name Stacey Q, is an American pop singer, songwriter, dancer and actress. Her best-known single, "Two of Hearts", released in 1986, reached number three on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and the top ten on charts in other countries.

Stacey Q (* 30. November 1958 in Fullerton, Kalifornien, bürgerlicher Name Stacey Lynn Swain) ist eine US-amerikanische Popsängerin, Tänzerin und Schauspielerin sowie Synchronsprecherin. Ihr bekanntestes Lied ist "Two of Hearts" aus dem Jahr 1986.


Book One: The Art of Discovery and the Discoveries of Art.

"The Act of Creation" is divided into two books. In the first book, Koestler proposes a global theory of creative activity encompassing humour, scientific inquiry, and art. Koestler's fundamental idea is that any creative act is a "bisociation" (not mere association) of two (or more) apparently incompatible frames of thought. Employing a spatial metaphor, Koestler calls such frames of thought "matrices": "any ability, habit, or skill, any pattern of ordered behaviour governed by a 'code' of fixed rules." Koestler argues that the diverse forms of human creativity all correspond to variations of his model of bisociation.  In jokes and humour, the audience is led to expect a certain outcome compatible with a particular matrix (e.g. the narrative storyline); a punch line, however, replaces the original matrix with an alternative to comic effect. The structure of a joke, then, is essentially that of bait-and-switch. In scientific inquiry, the two matrices are fused into a new larger synthesis. The recognition that two previously disconnected matrices are compatible generates the experience of eureka. Finally, in the arts and in ritual, the two matrices are held in juxtaposition to one another. Observing art is a process of experiencing this juxtaposition, with both matrices sustained.  According to Koestler, many bisociative creative breakthroughs occur after a period of intense conscious effort directed at the creative goal or problem, in a period of relaxation when rational thought is abandoned, like during dreams and trances. Koestler affirms that all creatures have the capacity for creative activity, frequently suppressed by the automatic routines of thought and behaviour that dominate their lives.

Book Two: Habit and Originality.

The second book of "The Act of Creation" aims to develop a biological and psychological foundation for the theory of creation proposed in book one. Koestler found the psychology of his day (behaviorism, cognitivism) portraying man merely as an automaton, disregarded the creative abilities of the mind. Koestler draws on theories of play, imprinting, motivation, perception, Gestalt psychology, and others to lay a theoretical foundation for his theory of creativity.

The Act of Creation is a 1964 book by Arthur Koestler. It is a study of the processes of discovery, invention, imagination and creativity in humour, science, and the arts. It lays out Koestler's attempt to develop an elaborate general theory of human creativity.

Der göttliche Funke. Der schöpferische Akt in Kunst und Wissenschaft ist ein 1966 erschienenes philosophisch-psychologisches Sachbuch von Arthur Koestler, in dem er versucht, die Vorgänge zu erklären, die der Kreativität in Witz und Humor, in der Wissenschaft und in der Kunst zugrunde liegen. Die vom Autor bearbeitete deutsche Fassung enthält nicht das „Zweite Buch“ des englischen 1964 erschienenen Originals The Act of Creation; die dortigen Theorien über „innerhalb der gesamten organischen Hierarchie“ (S. 9) wirksame Grundprinzipien gingen in überarbeiteter Form in sein nächstes Buch "Das Gespenst in der Maschine" ein.


Description.

The rhododendrons bloom in mid-July, and were designated a National Natural Landmark in 1982. The park also includes wild blueberries, cranberries, mountain laurel, heathers, mayflower, and wintergreen.  The park is open to hiking and picnicking from May to October. The Metacomet-Monadnock Trail passes through the state park on the way to the summit of Little Monadnock Mountain, which is outside the park limits. Pets must be leashed at all times on this trail, as it is publicly owned land (State of N.H. Department of Forest and Lands). No pets are allowed on the Rhododendron Loop Trail or the Laurel Trail as per N.H. State Law.

History.

In 1901-1902 Mary Lee Ware played a pivotal role in the creation of the park. In 1901, landowner Levi Fuller planned to "lumber off" the property and would have if not for Mary, who bought it in 1902. Giving it to the Appalachian Mountain Club (AMC) a year later, she signed the deal on the condition that the woodland "...be held as a reservation properly protected and open to the public..." The contract barred cutting down any trees or picking any rhododendron, a promise that has been broken only once due to the 1938 hurricane.  The donated land is called "Old Patch Place," remodeled by the AMC as a hostel/clubhouse but has since 1946 come under the protection of the N.H. Division of Parks and Recreation — the system's only designated botanical park. The "Old Patch Place" cottage near the park entrance was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Rhododendron State Park in Fitzwilliam, New Hampshire, United States, is a state park located on and around Little Monadnock Mountain, containing a stand of native "Rhododendron maximum", the largest of nineteen similar stands in central and northern New England, the northern limit of their growing range.

Der Rhododendron State Park liegt westlich von Fitzwilliam im Cheshire County des US-Bundesstaates New Hampshire. Der 11 km2 große State Park ist nach dem 6,5 ha großen natürlichen Vorkommen von "Rhododendron maximum" benannt.


Toponymy.

Early spellings of the name include "Soredich" (c.1148), "Soresdic" (1183–4), "Sordig" (1204), "Schoresdich" (1220–21), and other variants. Toponymists are generally agreed that the name derives from Old English ""scoradīc"", i.e. "shore-ditch", the shore being a riverbank or prominent slope; but there is disagreement as to the identity of the "shore" in question. A suggestion made by Eilert Ekwall in 1936 that the "ditch" might have been one leading to the "shore" of the Thames continues to enjoy widespread currency. Other scholars, however, have challenged this interpretation on the grounds that the City of London lies between Shoreditch and the Thames. A variant spelling used by John Stow in 1598, "Sewers Ditche", raises the possibility that the name might originally have referred to a drain or watercourse. Certainly the area was once boggy, and the name might bear some relation to the main branch of the Walbrook, which rose in Hoxton, ran along what is now Curtain Road, flowing past the former Curtain Theatre. The river was known in this area as the "Deepditch", "Flood Ditch" or just "The Ditch".  Folk etymology holds that the place was originally named "Shore's Ditch", after Jane Shore, the mistress of Edward IV, who is supposed to have died or been buried in a ditch in the area. This legend is commemorated today by a large painting, at Haggerston Branch Library, of the body of Shore being retrieved from the ditch, and by a design on glazed tiles in a shop in Shoreditch High Street showing her meeting Edward IV. However, the area was known as Shoreditch long before Jane Shore lived: the "Survey of London", for example, lists some 26 deeds dating from between c.1148 and 1260 which use some version of the name.  In another theory, also now discredited, antiquarian John Weever claimed that the name was derived from Sir John de Soerdich, who was lord of the manor during the reign of Edward III (132777).

History.

Origins.

Though now part of Inner London, Shoreditch was previously an extramural suburb of the City of London, centred on Shoreditch Church at the old crossroads where Shoreditch High Street and Kingsland Road are crossed by Old Street and Hackney Road.  Shoreditch High Street and Kingsland Road are a small sector of the Roman Ermine Street and modern A10. Known also as the Old North Road, it was a major coaching route to the north, exiting the City at Bishopsgate. The east–west course of Old Street–Hackney Road was also probably originally a Roman Road, connecting Silchester with Colchester, bypassing the City of London to the south.  Shoreditch Church (officially known as St Leonard's, Shoreditch) is of ancient origin. It is featured in the famous line "when I grow rich say the bells of Shoreditch", from the English nursery rhyme "Oranges and Lemons".  Shoreditch was the site of a house of canonesses, the Augustinian Holywell Priory (named after a Holy Well on the site), from the 12th century until its dissolution in 1539. This priory was located between Shoreditch High Street and Curtain Road to east and west, and Batemans Row and Holywell Lane to north and south. Nothing remains of it today.

Shakespeare and the Elizabethan theatre.

In 1574 the City authorities banned the building of playhouses in the City of London area, consequently theatres were built in the suburbs, beyond its jurisdiction.  The first of these came in 1576, when James Burbage built the first playhouse in England, known as "The Theatre", on the site of the Priory (commemorated today by a plaque on Curtain Road, and excavated in 2008, by MoLAS).  William Shakespeare lived nearby in a property overlooking St Helen's churchyard in the Bishopsgate Within area of the City. His early plays were first performed in Shoreditch, at The Theatre and at the nearby Curtain Theatre, built the following year and to the south (marked by a commemorative plaque in Hewett Street off Curtain Road). "Romeo and Juliet" was first performed here, gaining "Curtain plaudits", "Henry V" was performed within "this wooden O" and an early version of "Hamlet" was also first staged in Shoreditch.  Shakespeare's Company moved the timbers of "The Theatre" to Southwark at the expiration of the lease in 1599, in order to construct the Globe. The Curtain continued performing plays in Shoreditch until at least 1627.  The suburb of Shoreditch was attractive as a location for these early theatres because, like Southwark, it was outside the jurisdiction of the somewhat puritanical City fathers. Even so, they drew the wrath of contemporary moralists, as did the local "base tenements and houses of unlawful and disorderly resort" and the "great number of dissolute, loose, and insolent people harboured in such and the like noisome and disorderly houses, as namely poor cottages, and habitations of beggars and people without trade, stables, inns, alehouses, taverns, garden-houses converted to dwellings, ordinaries, dicing houses, bowling alleys, and brothel houses".

17th and 18th centuries.

During the 17th century, wealthy traders and French Huguenot silkweavers moved to the area, establishing a textile industry centred to the south around Spitalfields. By the 19th century, Shoreditch was also the locus of the furniture industry, now commemorated in the Geffrye Museum on Kingsland Road. These industries declined in the late 19th century.

Victorian entertainments.

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, Shoreditch was a centre of entertainment to rival the West End and had many theatres and music halls:  None of these places of entertainment survives today. Music hall was revived for a brief time in Curtain Road by the temporary home of the Brick Lane Music Hall. This too has now moved on.  A number of playbills and posters from these music halls survive in the collections of both the Bishopsgate Institute and the Victoria and Albert Museum.

WW1 – Shoreditch Pals.

In the First World War, the Mayor and Borough of Shoreditch raised a pals battalion of volunteers from around the borough who would serve together as the 20th (Shoreditch) Battalion, Middlesex Regiment (Duke of Cambridge's Own). The Middlesex Regiment the battalion belonged to, was nicknamed the "Die-hards".  For most of its time in the line, the unit was attached to 118th Brigade, part of the 39th Division. The battalion was involved in many actions on the Western Front in 1916–18.

Pre War.

Syd's coffee stall was established in Calvert Avenue, Shoreditch in 1919 and operated continuously until 2019.  Gainsborough Studios were located in a former power station, in Poole Street, by the Regents Canal. The film studios operated there from 1924 until it declined and closed in 1951.  The Stag's Head, Hoxton was built in 1936 for Truman's Brewery, and designed by their in-house architect A. E. Sewell.

Decline.

Shoreditch post-war declined in conditions, as did both textile and furniture industries with competition elsewhere and, by the end of the 19th century, Shoreditch was a byword for crime, prostitution and poverty. This situation was exacerbated by the extensive devastation of the housing stock in the Blitz during the Second World War, and by insensitive redevelopment in the post-war period.  A south-west to north-east tube line called the Chelsea-Hackney line was proposed in 1970 by the then London Transport Board's London Rail Study as the next project after the completion of the Victoria line and the Fleet line (now the Jubilee line) but was not carried forward, it would have had a new tube station near Shoreditch Church if it was built.

Contemporary.

Formerly a predominantly working-class area, since around 1996 Shoreditch has become a popular and fashionable part of London, particularly associated with the creative industries. Often conflated with its neighbouring sub-district of Hoxton, the area has been subject to considerable gentrification, with accompanying rises in land and property prices. Former industrial buildings have been converted to offices and flats, while Curtain Road and Old Street are notable for their clubs and pubs which offer a variety of venues to rival those of the West End. Art galleries, bars, restaurants, media businesses and the building of the Hackney Community College campus are features of this transformation.  In the mid-1960s, the main streets of Shoreditch (Old Street, Shoreditch High Street and Curtain Road, Great Eastern Street) were formed into a mile-long one-way system, which became associated with traffic congestion, poor conditions for walking and cycling, high speeds, high collision rates, and delays for bus services. The gyratory system came to be seen as "the main factor holding back the cultural regeneration of South Shoreditch" and "a block to economic recovery". Following a lengthy campaign, the then newly formed Transport for London agreed to revert most of the streets to two-way working, a project which was completed in late 2002. In 2005, funding was announced for the East London Line Extension, to extend the existing tube line from Whitechapel tube station bypassing Shoreditch tube station, and to create a new station named Shoreditch High Street closer to central Shoreditch. This is now served by London Overground services on part of the site of the old Bishopsgate Goods Yard, which was demolished in 2004. The station was built on a viaduct and is fully enclosed in a concrete box structure. This is so future building works on the remainder of the Bishopsgate site can be undertaken keeping the station operational.  Tower Hamlets Council made proposals to transfer the Boundary Estate to a housing association and upgrade the accommodation in 2006. A full refurbishment of one of the blocks, Iffley House was carried out by Sprunt Architects to demonstrate how this might be achieved but the proposal was rejected by a ballot of tenants in November of that year.  More recently, during the second "dot-com" boom, both the area and Old Street have become popular with London-based web technology companies who base their head offices around the East London Tech City district. These include Last.fm, Dopplr, Songkick, SocialGO and 7digital. These companies have tended to gravitate towards Old Street Roundabout, giving rise to the term "Silicon Roundabout" to describe the area, as used by Prime Minister David Cameron in a speech in November 2010.  As a result, the name of Shoreditch has become synonymous with the concept of contemporary "hipsterfication" of regenerated urban areas. As a pioneer among similar transformations across the UK, various phrases have been coined, from "Shoreditchification" to "Very Shoreditch".  In 2014, the Boundary Estate and the nearby area came under the East Shoreditch Neighbourhood Forum. Forum status ceased to have effect on 5 February 2019 but the Neighbourhood Area designation is unaffected by the expiry.  The Stag's Head public house was Grade II listed in 2015 by Historic England. South Shoreditch has undergone an enormous transformation. Several five- or six-storey buildings have been knocked down in the area of Shoreditch that borders the City of London. In their place will be erected a variety of very tall buildings, mirroring the architectural styles in the City. The developments will result in more residential units being available for sale in Shoreditch than were produced by the Olympics athletes' village.  One landmark development is the Principal Tower in Worship Street, designed by the architects Foster and Partners, and next to it is Principal Place, also designed by Foster and Partners. In July 2014, it was reported that the internet retailer Amazon.com was close to signing a lease to move its UK headquarters there. The project had been on hold since January 2012, when the anchor tenant, the law firm CMS Cameron McKenna pulled out. Soon after, the developer Hammerson sold its interest in the scheme to Brookfield.  There has been some consideration of creating an interchange with the Central line between Liverpool Street and Bethnal Green at Shoreditch High Street, where the line runs almost underneath the station. However, this could not be seriously contemplated before the completion of the Crossrail 1 project, owing to extreme crowding on the Central line during peak hours.  London Overground began running 24-hour trains on Friday and Saturday nights between Dalston Junction and New Cross Gate which called at Shoreditch High Street from 15 December 2017. but bypasses Whitechapel and continues on to Shadwell due to ongoing construction work for Crossrail (Elizabeth line) until 2019.  Two Huguenot workers' houses on Club Row on the corner of Redchurch Street, which developers had wished to knock down, were saved from demolition. They were deemed of special historic interest, giving the houses protection from destruction from 2019.

Geography.

Shoreditch covers a wide area, but its historic heart lies south of Old Street, around Shoreditch High Street and Shoreditch Church. The districts of Hoxton and Haggerston have been historically part of Shoreditch since the medieval period and occupy the north-west and north-east of Shoreditch respectively; however, their extent has never been formally defined.  Although Shoreditch has been consistently defined, perceptions have blurred in recent years; something that became possible after the Metropolitan Borough of Shoreditch amalgamated with some of its neighbours to become the southern part of the London Borough of Hackney in 1965.  The location of the former Shoreditch tube station (closed 2006), 400 metres outside Shoreditch proper, in nearby Bethnal Green, Tower Hamlets, influenced this shift. Its replacement, Shoreditch High Street station, straddles the borough boundary.  More significant has been the gentrification of the Shoreditch area since the millennium, leading to a marked increase in the area's prestige, which has led businesses in the Bethnal Green and Spitalfields areas of Tower Hamlets to include the name Shoreditch in their company's name and marketing material. This is also seen to a lesser extent in the St Luke's area of the London Borough of Islington.

Administration.

Shoreditch was an administrative unit with consistent boundaries from the Middle Ages until its merger into the London Borough of Hackney in 1965. Shoreditch was based for many centuries on the Ancient Parish of Shoreditch (St Leonard's), part of the county of Middlesex.  Parishes in Middlesex were grouped into Hundreds, with Shoreditch part of Ossulstone Hundred. Rapid Population growth around London saw the Hundred split into several 'Divisions' during the 1600s, with Shoreditch part of the Tower Division (aka Tower Hamlets). The Tower Division was noteworthy in that the men of the area owed military service to the Tower of London - and had done even before the creation of the Division - an arrangement which continued until 1899.  The Ancient Parishes provided a framework for both civil (administrative) and ecclesiastical (church) functions, but during the nineteenth century there was a divergence into distinct civil and ecclesiastical parish systems. In London the Ecclesiastical Parishes sub-divided to better serve the needs of a growing population, while the Civil Parishes continued to be based on the same Ancient Parish areas. For civil purposes, The Metropolis Management Act 1855 turned the parish area into a new "Shoreditch District of the Metropolis", with the same boundaries as the parish. The London Government Act 1899 converted these areas into Metropolitan Boroughs, again based on the same boundaries, sometimes with minor rationalisations. The Borough's areas of Central Shoreditch, Hoxton and Haggerston were administered from Shoreditch Town Hall, which can still be seen on Old Street. It has been restored and is now run by the Shoreditch Town Hall Trust.  In 1965, Shoreditch was merged with Hackney and Stoke Newington to form the new London Borough of Hackney.

Governance.

Shoreditch is home to the Baron of Shoreditch Wei, who lives in the area and sits as a Conservative life peer and Lords Temporal as part of the House of Lords. He was introduced on 3 June 2010. The Hackney borough part of Shoreditch is part of the Hackney South and Shoreditch constituency, represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2005 by Meg Hillier of the Labour Party and of the Co-operative Party  The eastern part of Shoreditch, in Tower Hamlets, lies within the constituency of Bethnal Green and Bow, represented since 2010 by Rushanara Ali of the Labour Party.

Transport.

Rail.

Shoreditch High Street station is near Boxpark, on Bethnal Green Road. The station is served by London Overground () trains on the East London line, and is in London fare zone 1. Trains link the area directly to Dalston and Highbury & Islington to the northwest, whilst to the south, trains travel directly to major destinations like Canada Water, Clapham Junction, Croydon, Crystal Palace, New Cross, Peckham, and Whitechapel. Hoxton station is to the north of Shoreditch, on the same line.  There is a nearby Overground () station at Bethnal Green, with services towards Hackney Downs, Seven Sisters, Chingford, Enfield, and Hertfordshire.  Liverpool Street ( ) and Old Street () tube stations are also nearby. Both stations are also on the National Rail network.  Until 2006, Shoreditch tube station was served by London Underground East London line trains. The line and station closed to make way for the London Overground.

Buses.

London Buses provides all local bus services across the district: routes 8, 135, 205, 388, and N8 and N205 on Great Eastern Street and Bishopsgate; routes 26, 35, 47, 48, 67, 78 and night route N26 on Shoreditch High Street; and routes 55, 149, 242, 243 and night route N55 on Old Street.

Cycling.

Two Transport for London (TfL) Cycleways pass through Shoreditch.  Cycle Superhighway 1 runs north-south along the western perimeter of the area, through the Old Street junction. The route is signposted, and links the area to Moorgate and Finsbury southbound, and to Dalston, Stoke Newington, and Seven Sisters to the north.  Quietway 13 runs east-west through Shoreditch, primarily on quiet streets. The route is signposted, and runs from Finsbury in the City to the Regent's Canal near Cambridge Heath.  The Regent's Canal towpath runs along the northernmost edge of the district, close to Shoreditch Park. The towpath is a shared-use path for pedestrians and cyclists and runs unbroken from Angel in Islington to Limehouse near Canary Wharf. Eastbound, the path links the area to Victoria Park and Mile End.  The Santander Cycles bike-sharing system operates in Shoreditch.

Shoreditch is a district in the East End of London, forming the southern part of the London Borough of Hackney, with neighbouring parts of Tower Hamlets sometimes also perceived as a part of the area.

Shoreditch ist ein Ortsteil in "Hackney" im nordöstlichen London. Es ging verwaltungsmäßig gemeinsam mit "Hackney" und "Stoke Newington" (Teilen des ehemaligen County of London) 1965 in dem neuen Bezirk "Hackney" auf.


Life.

Having lost his father, Vasili Feodorovich Skopin-Shuisky, at an early age, Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky was educated by his mother. During the reign (1598-1605) of Boris Godunov, he was appointed "stolnik" (tsar's assistant). False Dmitriy I made Mikhail his "mechnik" (sword carrier), and asked him personally to bring Marfa Ivanovna - mother of the future Tsar Mikhail I - to Moscow from exile. During the reign (1606-1610) of Tsar Vasili IV, Skopin-Shuisky became a close associate of his cousin, the Tsar.

Military career.

He began his military career in 1606 with the appearance of Ivan Bolotnikov, whom he would defeat twice, first near the Pakhra River with a small unit at his disposal (after Bolotnikov had crushed the Muscovite army led by Mstislavsky and other boyars) and then at Kotly. After the second defeat, Bolotnikov and his men fled to Tula. Skopin-Shuisky took an active part in a successful siege of Tula alongside the Muscovite army.  When False Dmitriy II appeared on the political horizon, Vasili IV decided to seek help from the Swedes and sent Skopin-Shuisky to Novgorod to negotiate with them. Despite some obstacles, Skopin-Shuisky managed to persuade the Swedes to help the Russian tsar.  On 14 April 1609, Skopin-Shuisky left Novgorod with 12,000 Swedish soldiers under the command of Jacob De la Gardie to save the Russian throne. Skopin-Shuisky captured Oreshek, Tver and Torzhok and cleared the north of the country from the enemies. He defeated Hetman Jan Piotrus Sapieha at Kalyazin and made him abandon the Siege of the Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra.  Mikhail's actions were often impeded by lack of funding for the Swedish mercenaries and necessity to train his own army. Nevertheless, many supporters of False Dmitriy II chose to flee at the sight of Mikhail's army and this gained him a reputation of the saviour of the fatherland. At one point, Prokopy Lyapunov's companions came to Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky and offered him the Russian throne, but he declined the offer.

Death.

All of this made his cousin Dmitry Ivanovich Shuisky, who previously had to surrender his post of the commander of the Muscovite army in favour of Mikhail, envious. It appears that the tsar decided to get rid of his 23-year-old rival. During a celebration, Dmitriy Shuisky's wife poisoned her husband's food. He died on 23 April 1610 two weeks later. Vasili IV ordered to bury him in the Cathedral of the Archangel Michael, but away from other royal crypts.

Prince Mikhail Vasiliyevich Skopin-Shuisky () (8 November OS (18 November NS) 1586 – 23 April OS (3 May NS) 1610) was a Russian statesman and military figure during the Time of Troubles. He was the last representative of a cadet branch of the Shuysky family.

Fürst Michail Wassiljewitsch Skopin-Schuiski () (* ; † in Moskau) war ein russischer Staatsmann und Heerführer in der Zeit der Wirren. Er kämpfte wiederholt gegen Iwan Bolotnikow sowie gegen den Pseudodimitri II.


History.

During the late 1950s, Roulette scored hits by Buddy Knox, Jimmy Bowen, The Playmates, Jimmie Rodgers, Ronnie Hawkins and The Delicates as well as releasing albums by Pearl Bailey, Dinah Washington and Count Basie.  During the early 1960s, Roulette issued a number of hits connected to the twist dance craze, most notably "Peppermint Twist" by Joey Dee and the Starliters. They also released a rare album of "twist songs" by Bill Haley & His Comets, "Twistin' Knights at the Roundtable". Other major 1960s hits for the label include "Two Faces Have I" by Lou Christie. A group of United States Marines called The Essex recorded the hit "Easier Said Than Done" while based at Camp Lejeune, NC, in 1963. In 1964, Stephen Stills and Richie Furay first recorded together on Roulette while in the nine-member Au Go Go Singers, the house band for the Cafe Au Go Go in New York City.  In the UK Roulette's records were issued on the EMI Columbia label. In April 1965 the UK music magazine "NME" reported that Roulette had agreed to offer a sponsored show to the UK pirate radio radio station Radio Caroline. The hour-long show, recorded in the US by disc jockey Jack Spector, was to be broadcast five evenings a week. The contract covered a two-year period and was worth over £10,000 to the station. According to Tommy James of Tommy James and the Shondells, whose "Hanky Panky", "I Think We're Alone Now", "Mirage", "Mony Mony", "Crimson and Clover" and many others were released during his time at the label, Roulette was a front business for the Genovese crime family. James estimates that the label kept $30 million-$40 million of the group's royalties but afforded it total artistic freedom, whereas another label would have tampered with its formula and might have dropped the group early on. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, Roulette was one of the industry's major distributors, handling records for many leading labels.  Levy was the key financial backer for the rap music label Sugar Hill Records, which was founded in 1974 by the husband-and-wife team Joe and Sylvia Robinson. Sugar Hill released the first Top 40 rap single, "Rapper's Delight", in 1979. In the early 1980s, the Robinsons bought Levy out.  In 1981, Henry Stone turned to Levy to help prevent the demise of TK Records, so they set up Sunnyview Records under the Roulette umbrella. In 1986, Levy was arrested, tried and convicted for extorting money from an FBI informant, John LaMonte, but he died in Ghent, New York, before serving any time in prison. In 1989, Roulette Records was sold to a consortium of EMI and Rhino Records, the latter of which was later acquired by Warner Music Group. Rhino would control Roulette’s pop catalogue in the USA, Canada and Mexico, while EMI acquired Roulette’s jazz catalogue worldwide, plus the international distribution of Roulette’s pop catalogue. As of 2013, Warner Music Group now has worldwide rights to the Roulette catalogue as a result of acquiring EMI’s Parlophone label.  Following the acquisition, Rhino and EMI began issuing large royalty checks to former Roulette artists. Tommy James recalled that his checks were in amounts in six or seven digits. Roulette was notorious for not paying royalties to its artists, who had to rely on concerts and personal appearances for their income.  Until 2013, EMI used the Roulette name for the reissue of old Roulette-label material. In the US, Blue Note Records handled the Roulette jazz catalogue for release on the Roulette Jazz label until 2013. It was one of the units of Parlophone that Universal Music was required to sell to Warner Music Group to comply with international regulators.

Discography.

25000 Popular Series.

Roulette Records 25000 Popular Series of LP records began in 1957 and ran until 1968.

Birdland Jazz Series.

The Roulette 52000 Birdland Series of 12 inch LPs commenced in 1958 and consists of 124 album releases over 10 years.

800 Soundtrack Series.

All of the soundtracks in this series were for films released in the United States during 1966.

100 Echoes Series.

Reissue series from used by the label during 1973. All these albums have "Echoes of An Era" somewhere in the title. They are two-album sets.

59000 Original Rock N' Roll Hits Series.

This was the label's final effort at repackaging its old recordings.

9000 African Series.

These albums, which were acquired by Roulette for U.S. distribution, were recorded in the continent of Africa.

65000 International Series.

Roulette Records was an American record company and label founded in 1957 by George Goldner, Joe Kolsky, Morris Levy and Phil Kahl, with creative control given to producers and songwriters Hugo Peretti and Luigi Creatore. Levy was appointed director.

Roulette Records ist ein US-amerikanisches Independent-Label, das ab 1957 großen Erfolg mit Interpreten des Rock ’n’ Roll, Jazz, Rhythm and Blues, Rockabilly und sogar klassischer Musik hatte.


Biography.

Buck was born in Cincinnati. He studied at the University of Cincinnati and then earned his PhD in 1947 at Harvard University under David Widder and Ralph Boas with dissertation "Uniqueness, Interpolation and Characterization Theorems for Functions of Exponential Type". For three years he was an assistant professor at Brown University, before he became in 1950 an associate professor at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, where he was promoted to professor in 1954. In 1973, he became the acting director of the University of Wisconsin Army Mathematics Research Center when J. Barkley Rosser retired. At Madison he became in 1980 "Hilldale Professor" and from 1964 to 1966 he was chair of the mathematics department. In 1990 he retired as professor emeritus but remained mathematically active.  Buck worked on approximation theory, complex analysis, topological algebra, and operations research. He worked for six years for the Institute for Defense Analyses in operations research. Buck wrote, in collaboration with Ellen F. Buck, a textbook "Advanced Calculus", commonly used in U.S. colleges and universities. He also worked on the history of mathematics. For his essay "Sherlock Holmes in Babylon" he won the Lester Randolph Ford Award. His doctoral students include Lee Rubel and Thomas W. Hawkins, a well-known historian of mathematics.  Buck was vice-president of the American Mathematical Society and the Mathematical Association of America (MAA), whose "Committee on the Undergraduate Program in Mathematics“ (CUPM) he founded and from 1959 to 1963 chaired. In 1962 he was an invited speaker ("Global solutions of differential equations") at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Stockholm.  Buck was an accomplished amateur pianist and at age 18 won a prize for composition for piano. He wrote several science fiction stories.

Robert Creighton Buck (30 August 1920 Cincinnati – 1 February 1998 Wisconsin), usually cited as R. Creighton Buck, was an American mathematician who, with Ralph Boas, introduced Boas–Buck polynomials. He taught at University of Wisconsin–Madison for 40 years. In addition, he was a writer.

Robert Creighton Buck (* 30. August 1920 in Cincinnati; † 1. Februar 1998 in Wisconsin; meist "R. Creighton Buck") war ein US-amerikanischer Mathematiker, der sich mit Analysis beschäftigte.


Lengths and angles.

The 60 faces are deltoids or kites. The short and long edges of each kite are in the ratio 1: ≈ 1:1.539344663...  The angle between two short edges in a single face is arccos()≈118.2686774705°. The opposite angle, between long edges, is arccos()≈67.783011547435°. The other two angles of each face, between a short and a long edge each, are both equal to arccos()≈86.97415549104°.  The dihedral angle between any pair of adjacent faces is arccos()≈154.12136312578°.

Topology.

Topologically, the "deltoidal hexecontahedron" is identical to the nonconvex rhombic hexecontahedron. The deltoidal hexecontahedron can be derived from a dodecahedron (or icosahedron) by pushing the face centers, edge centers and vertices out to different radii from the body center. The radii are chosen so that the resulting shape has planar kite faces each such that vertices go to degree-3 corners, faces to degree-five corners, and edge centers to degree-four points.

Orthogonal projections.

The "deltoidal hexecontahedron" has 3 symmetry positions located on the 3 types of vertices:

Variations.

The "deltoidal hexecontahedron" can be constructed from either the regular icosahedron or regular dodecahedron by adding vertices mid-edge, and mid-face, and creating new edges from each edge center to the face centers. Conway polyhedron notation would give these as oI, and oD, ortho-icosahedron, and ortho-dodecahedron. These geometric variations exist as a continuum along one degree of freedom.

Related polyhedra and tilings.

When projected onto a sphere (see right), it can be seen that the edges make up the edges of an icosahedron and dodecahedron arranged in their dual positions.  This tiling is topologically related as a part of sequence of deltoidal polyhedra with face figure (V3.4."n".4), and continues as tilings of the hyperbolic plane. These face-transitive figures have (*"n"32) reflectional symmetry.

In geometry, a deltoidal hexecontahedron (also sometimes called a "trapezoidal hexecontahedron", a "strombic hexecontahedron", or a "tetragonal hexacontahedron") is a Catalan solid which is the dual polyhedron of the rhombicosidodecahedron, an Archimedean solid. It is one of six Catalan solids to not have a Hamiltonian path among its vertices.

Das Deltoidalhexakontaeder (auch Deltoidhexakontaeder genannt) ist ein konvexes Polyeder, das sich aus 60 Deltoiden zusammensetzt und zu den Catalanischen Körpern zählt. Es ist dual zum Rhombenikosidodekaeder und hat 62 Ecken sowie 120 Kanten.


History.

Egyptian Radio began broadcasting on 31 May 1934 in agreement with the Marconi Company. The General Manager of the station for the period was Said Basha Lotfi who presided over the station from May 1934 to December 1947. In December 1947, the contract with Marconi was suspended in favour of an Egyptian national broadcasting station. The station is known also for its call "This is Cairo" (in Arabic هنا القاهرة pronounced Houna al Qaahira). It is considered the First Program (in Arabic البرنامج الأول) of the ERTU.  Later on three main new radio channels were added, namely the pan-Arab The Voice of the Arabs (صوت العرب) in 1953, Egyptian Radio's Second Programme (البرنامج الثاني) in 1957 and the pan-Arab Middle East Radio (إذاعة الشرق الأوسط) in 1964. All four stations broadcast on high powered medium wave transmitters covering most of the Middle East and North and East Africa. Egyptian television began broadcasting six hours daily on 21 July 1960 with a state-run channel that held a monopoly on terrestrial broadcasts.  In 1971 a new decree established the Arab Radio and Television Union, and created four distinct sectors: radio, television, engineering, and finance, each of which had a chairman who reported directly to the minister of information. The name of the Union was changed to the Egyptian Radio and Television Union, the name by which it is still known. Today, its total daily broadcast time on its various channels amounts to 490 hours.  Already in 1950 its predecessor the Egyptian State Broadcasting (الإذاعة الحكومية المصرية) was one of the founding members of the European Broadcasting Union in 1950. After the admittance of the Israel Broadcasting Service in 1958, it cancelled its active memberships, as did the Syrian Broadcasting Services. It was readmitted as an active member 1 January 1985.

Regional Television Network.

There are six state-owned broadcast and satellite channels in Egypt:

Nile Television Network.

Nilesat allowed for the launch of several specialized TV channels in addition to Egyptian Satellite Channel (ESC) and Nile TV. All are owned by the Egyptian state.  Specialized channels include:

The Egyptian Radio and Television Union (ERTU; "Itteh'ad Al-Edhaa'a wa at-Televezyon al-Mis'ri") is the public broadcaster of Egypt, operated by the Egyptian government. It is a member of the European Broadcasting Union.

Die Egyptian Radio and Television Union (,, "Egyptian State Broadcasting"; auch: "Radio Kairo", deutsch "Ägyptische Rundfunkunion") ist seit 1971 die staatliche Rundfunkgesellschaft Ägyptens.


Background.

In the first half of the 19th century, theatre as entertainment was a mass phenomenon, and theatres were the main gathering places in most towns and cities. As a result, star actors amassed an immensely loyal following, comparable to modern celebrities or sports stars. At the same time, audiences had always treated theaters as places to make their feelings known, not just towards the actors, but towards their fellow theatergoers of different classes or political persuasions, and theatre riots were not a rare occurrence in New York.  In the early- to mid-19th century, the American theatre was dominated by British actors and managers. The rise of Edwin Forrest as the first American star and the fierce partisanship of his supporters was an early sign of a home-grown American entertainment business. The riot had been brewing for 80 or more years, since the Stamp Act riots of 1765, when an entire theatre was torn apart while British actors were performing on stage. British actors touring around the United States had found themselves the focus of often violent anti-British anger, because of their prominence and the lack of other visiting targets.  The fact that both Forrest and Macready were specialists in Shakespeare can be ascribed to the reputation of Shakespeare in the 19th century as the icon of Anglo-Saxon culture. Ralph Waldo Emerson, for instance, wrote in his journal that beings on other planets probably called the Earth "Shakespeare." Shakespeare's plays were not just the favorites of the educated: in gold rush California, miners whiled away the harsh winter months by sitting around campfires and acting out Shakespeare's plays from memory; his words were well known throughout every stratum of society.

Genesis.

The roots of the riot were multifold, but had three main strands: It was ironic that both were famous as Shakespearean actors: in an America that had yet to establish its own theatrical traditions, the way to prove its cultural prowess was to do Shakespeare as well as the British, and even to claim that Shakespeare, had he been alive at the time, would have been, at heart at least, an American.

Proximate causes.

Macready and Forrest each toured the other's country twice before the riot broke out. On Macready's second visit to America, Forrest had taken to pursuing him around the country and appearing in the same plays to challenge him. Given the tenor of the time, most newspapers supported the "home-grown" star Forrest. On Forrest's second visit to London, he was less popular than on his first trip, and he could only explain it to himself by deciding that Macready had maneuvered against him. He went to a performance of Macready playing Hamlet and loudly hissed him. For his part, Macready had announced that Forrest was without "taste." The ensuing scandal followed Macready on his third and last trip to America, where half the carcass of a dead sheep was thrown at him on the stage. The climate worsened when Forrest instigated divorce proceedings against his English wife for immoral conduct, and the verdict came down against Forrest on the day that Macready arrived in New York for his farewell tour.  Forrest's connections were substantial with working people and the gangs of New York: he had made his debut at the Bowery Theatre, which had come to cater mostly to a working class audience, drawn largely from the violent immigrant-heavy Five Points neighborhood of lower Manhattan a few blocks to the west. Forrest's muscular frame and impassioned delivery were deemed admirably "American" by his working-class fans, especially compared to Macready's more subdued and genteel style. Wealthier theatergoers, to avoid mingling with the immigrants and the Five Points crowd, had built the Astor Place Opera House near the junction of Broadway (where the entertainment venues catered to the upper classes) and the Bowery (the working-class entertainment area). With its dress code of kid gloves and white vests, the very existence of the Astor Opera House was taken as a provocation by populist Americans for whom the theater was traditionally the gathering place for all classes.  Macready was scheduled to appear in "Macbeth" at the Opera House, which had opened itself to less elevated entertainment, unable to survive on a full season of opera, and was operating with the name "Astor Place Theatre". Forrest was scheduled to perform "Macbeth" on the same night, only a few blocks away at the huge Broadway Theater.

The riot.

On May 7, 1849, three nights before the riot, Forrest's supporters bought hundreds of tickets to the top level of the Astor Opera House, and brought Macready's performance of "Macbeth" to a grinding halt by throwing at the stage rotten eggs, potatoes, apples, lemons, shoes, bottles of stinking liquid, and ripped up seats. The performers persisted in the face of hissing, groans, and cries of "Shame, shame!" and "Down with the codfish aristocracy!", but were forced to perform in pantomime, as they could not make themselves heard over the crowd. Meanwhile, at Forrest's May 7 performance, the audience rose and cheered when Forrest spoke Macbeth's line "What rhubarb, senna or what purgative drug will scour these English hence?"  After his disastrous performance, Macready announced his intention to leave for Britain on the next boat, but he was persuaded to stay and perform again by a petition signed by 47 well-heeled New Yorkers – including authors Herman Melville and Washington Irving – who informed the actor that "the good sense and respect for order prevailing in this community will sustain you on the subsequent nights of your performance." On May 10, Macready once again took the stage as Macbeth.  On the day of the riot, police chief George Washington Matsell informed Caleb S. Woodhull, the new Whig mayor, that there was not sufficient manpower to quell a serious riot, and Woodhull called out the militia. General Charles Sandford assembled the state's Seventh Regiment in Washington Square Park, along with mounted troops, light artillery, and hussars, a total of 350 men who would be added to the 100 policemen outside the theater in support of the 150 inside. Additional policemen were assigned to protect the homes in the area of the city's "uppertens", the wealthy and elite.  On the other side, similar preparations took place. Tammany Hall man Captain Isaiah Rynders was a fervent backer of Forrest and had been one of those behind the mobilization against Macready on May 7. He was determined to embarrass the newly ensconced Whig powers, and distributed handbills and posters in saloons and restaurants across the city, inviting working men and patriots to show their feelings about the British, asking "Shall Americans or English Rule This City?" Free tickets were handed out to Macready's May 10 show, as well as plans for where people should deploy.  By the time the play opened at 7:30 as scheduled, up to 10,000 people filled the streets around the theater. One of the most prominent among those who supported Forrest's cause was Ned Buntline, a dime novelist who was Rynders' chief assistant. Buntline and his followers had set up relays to bombard the theater with stones, and fought running battles with the police. They and others inside tried (but failed) to set fire to the building, many of the anti-Macready ticket-holders having been screened and prevented from coming inside in the first place. As the theater fell in on their heads, the audience was in a state of siege; nonetheless, Macready finished the play, again in "dumb show", and only then slipped out in disguise.  Fearing they had lost control of the city, the authorities called out the troops, who arrived at 9:15, only to be jostled, attacked, and injured. Finally, the soldiers lined up and, after unheard warnings, opened fire, first into the air and then several times at point blank range into the crowd. Many of those killed were innocent bystanders, and almost all of the casualties were from the working class; seven of the dead were Irish immigrants. Dozens of injured and dead were laid out in nearby saloons and shops, and the next morning mothers and wives combed the streets and morgues for their loved ones.  The "New York Tribune" reported: "As one window after another cracked, the pieces of bricks and paving stones rattled in on the terraces and lobbies, the confusion increased, till the Opera House resembled a fortress besieged by an invading army rather than a place meant for the peaceful amusement of civilized community."  The next night, May 11, a meeting was called in City Hall Park which was attended by thousands, with speakers crying out for revenge against the authorities whose actions they held responsible for the fatalities. During the melee, a young boy was killed. An angry crowd headed up Broadway toward Astor Place and fought running battles with mounted troops from behind improvised barricades, but this time the authorities quickly got the upper hand.

Consequences.

Between 22 and 31 rioters were killed, and 48 were wounded. Fifty to 70 policemen were injured. Of the militia, 141 were injured by the various missiles. Three judges presided over a related trial, including Charles Patrick Daly, a judge on the New York Court of Common Pleas, who pressed for convictions.  The city's elite were unanimous in their praise of the authorities for taking a hard line against the rioters. Publisher James Watson Webb wrote: The promptness of the authorities in calling out the armed forces and the unwavering steadiness with which the citizens obeyed the order to fire on the assembled mob, was an excellent advertisement to the Capitalists of the old world, that they might send their property to New York and rely upon the certainty that it would be safe from the clutches of red republicanism, or chartists, or communionists of any description.  According to Nigel Cliff in "The Shakespeare Riots", the riots furthered the process of class alienation and segregation in New York City and America; as part of that process, the entertainment world separated into "respectable" and "working-class" orbits. As professional actors gravitated to respectable theaters and vaudeville houses responded by mounting skits on "serious" Shakespeare, Shakespeare was gradually removed from popular culture into a new category of highbrow entertainment. Though Forrest's reputation was badly damaged, his heroic style of acting can be seen in the matinee idols of early Hollywood and performers such as John Barrymore.  Astor Opera House did not survive its reputation as the "Massacre Opera House" at "DisAstor Place," as burlesques and minstrel shows called it. It began another season, but soon gave up the ghost, the building eventually going to the New York Mercantile Library. The elite's need for an opera house was met with the opening of the Academy of Music, farther uptown at 15th Street and Irving Place, away from the working-class precincts and the rowdiness of the Bowery. Nevertheless, the creators of that theater learned at least one lesson from the riot and the demise of the Astor Opera House: the new venue was less strictly divided by class than the old one had been.

References.

Notes Bibliography

The Astor Place Riot occurred on May 10, 1849, at the now-demolished Astor Opera House in Manhattan and left between 22 and 31 rioters dead, and more than 120 people injured. It was the deadliest to that date of a number of civic disturbances in Manhattan, which generally pitted immigrants and nativists against each other, or together against the wealthy who controlled the city's police and the state militia.

Als Astor Place Riot wird ein Aufruhr bezeichnet, der sich am 10. Mai 1849 anlässlich einer Aufführung des Theaterstücks "Macbeth" von William Shakespeare in New York entzündete. Die Krawalle forderten mindestens 25 Tote und über 120 Verletzte.


Early life and family.

Riddle was born in New Castle, Delaware and studied civil engineering at Delaware College, now the University of Delaware. In addition he studied law and was admitted to the Delaware Bar in 1848, beginning a practice in Wilmington, Delaware. With his engineering background, he was named as a commissioner to retrace the Mason–Dixon line in 1849, and was otherwise engaged in the construction of railroads and canals. In 1844, Riddle was hired to design the Wilmington and Brandywine Cemetery. During the Civil War, Riddle served with the Home Guard of Wilmington. His wife's name was Margaret.

Political career.

From 1849 to 1850, Riddle served as a Deputy Attorney General of the United States. After losing in the election of 1844, he was elected to the U.S. House in 1850 and served for two terms from March 4, 1851 until March 3, 1855. During the 33rd Congress, Riddle was the Chairman of the Committee on Engraving. Running for a third term he was defeated in 1854 by Elisha D. Cullen.  In 1860, Riddle was one of only two slaveholders in Delaware. He owned three slaves, a 68 year old male and two females aged 56 and 12.  On February 2, 1864 Riddle was elected to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of U.S. Senator James A. Bayard, Jr. He served until his death on March 29, 1867.

Death and legacy.

Riddle died while in office at Washington, D.C. and is buried in the Wilmington and Brandywine Cemetery at Wilmington.

Almanac.

Elections are held the first Tuesday after November 1. U.S. Representatives took office March 4 and have a two-year term. The General Assembly chose the U.S. Senators, who also took office March 4, but for a six-year term. In this case he was completing the existing term, the vacancy caused by the resignation of James A. Bayard, Jr.

George Read Riddle (1817 – March 28, 1867) was an American engineer, lawyer and politician from Wilmington, Delaware. He was a member of the Democratic Party who served as U.S. Representative and as U.S. Senator from Delaware.

George Read Riddle (* 1817 in New Castle, Delaware; † 29. März 1867 in Washington D.C.) war ein US-amerikanischer Politiker (Demokratische Partei), der den Bundesstaat Delaware in beiden Kammern des US-Kongresses vertrat.


Formation.

Fingal's Cave is formed entirely from hexagonally jointed basalt columns within a Paleocene lava flow, similar in structure to the Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland and those of nearby Ulva.  In all these cases, cooling on the upper and lower surfaces of the solidified lava resulted in contraction and fracturing, starting in a blocky tetragonal pattern and transitioning to a regular hexagonal fracture pattern with fractures perpendicular to the cooling surfaces. As cooling continued these cracks gradually extended toward the centre of the flow, forming the long hexagonal columns we see in the wave-eroded cross-section today. Similar hexagonal fracture patterns are found in desiccation cracks in mud where contraction is due to loss of water instead of cooling.

History.

Part of the Ulva estate of the Clan MacQuarrie from an early date until 1777, the cave was brought to the attention of the English-speaking world by 18th-century naturalist Sir Joseph Banks in 1772.  It became known as Fingal's Cave after the eponymous hero of an epic poem by 18th century Scots poet-historian James Macpherson. It formed part of his Ossian cycle of poems claimed to have been based on old Scottish Gaelic poems. In Irish mythology, the hero Fingal is known as Fionn mac Cumhaill, and it is suggested that Macpherson rendered the name as Fingal (meaning "white stranger") through a misapprehension of the name which in old Gaelic would appear as Finn. The legend of the Giant's Causeway has Fionn or Finn building the causeway between Ireland and Scotland.

Sightseeing.

The cave has a large arched entrance and is filled by the sea. Several sightseeing cruises organised from April to September by local companies pass the entrance to the cave. In calm conditions, one can land at the island's landing place (as some of these cruises permit) and walk the short distance to the cave, where a row of fractured columns forms a walkway just above high-water level permitting exploration on foot. From the inside, the entrance seems to frame the island of Iona across the water.

In art and literature.

Romantic composer Felix Mendelssohn visited in 1829 and wrote an overture, "The Hebrides", Op. 26, (also known as "Fingal's Cave overture"), inspired by the weird echoes in the cave. Mendelssohn's overture popularized the cave as a tourist destination. Other famous 19th-century visitors included author Jules Verne, who used it in his book "Le Rayon Vert" ("The Green Ray"), and mentions it in the novels "Journey to the Center of the Earth" and "The Mysterious Island"; poets William Wordsworth, John Keats, and Alfred, Lord Tennyson; and Romantic artist J. M. W. Turner, who painted "Staffa, Fingal's Cave" in 1832. Queen Victoria also made the trip.  The 19th century Austro-Hungarian guitarist and composer Johann Kaspar Mertz included a piece entitled "Fingals-Höhle" in his set of character pieces for guitar "Bardenklänge".  The playwright August Strindberg also set scenes from his play "A Dream Play" in a place called "Fingal's Grotta". Scots novelist Sir Walter Scott described Fingal's Cave as "one of the most extraordinary places I ever beheld. It exceeded, in my mind, every description I had heard of it... composed entirely of basaltic pillars as high as the roof of a cathedral, and running deep into the rock, eternally swept by a deep and swelling sea, and paved, as it were, with ruddy marble, [it] baffles all description."  Artist Matthew Barney used the cave along with the Giant's Causeway for the opening and closing scenes of his art film, "Cremaster 3". In 2008, the video artist Richard Ashrowan spent several days recording the interior of Fingal's Cave for an exhibition at the Foksal Gallery in Poland.  One of Pink Floyd's early songs bears this location's name. This instrumental was written for the film "Zabriskie Point" but not used.  Lloyd House at Caltech has a mural representing Fingal's Cave. The hallway that features this mural also houses a wooden statue named Fingal, which is among the oldest heirlooms at the institute.  Scottish Celtic rock band Wolfstone recorded an instrumental titled "Fingal's Cave" on their 1999 album "Seven".  The Alistair MacLean novel-based movie, "When Eight Bells Toll" starring Anthony Hopkins was filmed there.  It is possible that the township of Fingal, Tasmania was named after the cave in MacPherson's honour.

Fingal's Cave is a sea cave on the uninhabited island of Staffa, in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, known for its natural acoustics. The National Trust for Scotland owns the cave as part of a national nature reserve. It became known as Fingal's Cave after the eponymous hero of an epic poem by 18th-century Scots poet-historian James Macpherson.

Fingal’s Cave (schottisch-gälisch: "Uamh-Binn") ist eine 85 Meter lange Höhle auf der unbewohnten schottischen Insel Staffa der Inneren Hebriden. Sie ist zum größten Teil von Basaltsäulen umgeben, die im Tertiär entstanden sind. Neben dem Giant’s Causeway in Nordirland ist sie eine der bekanntesten Basaltformationen des Vereinigten Königreichs.


Early life.

Conway was born in St. Petersburg, Russia. His younger brother was fellow actor George Sanders (1906–1972). Their younger sister, Margaret Sanders, was born in 1912. At the outbreak of the Russian Revolution (1917), the family moved to England, where Conway was educated at Bedales School and Brighton College. He travelled to Northern Rhodesia, where he worked in mining and ranching, then returned to England, appearing in several plays with the Manchester Repertory Company and performing on BBC Radio.

Career.

MGM.

When he joined his brother George in Hollywood, Conway became a contract player for MGM. During this time he changed his last name from Sanders to Conway after losing a friendly coin toss to his brother. He had small roles in "Waterloo Bridge" (1940), with only his voice heard, "Sky Murder" (1941) and "The Wild Man of Borneo" (1941). He had a bigger part in "The Trial of Mary Dugan" (1941) then was back to small parts in "Free and Easy" (1941), "The Bad Man" (1941), "The People vs. Dr. Kildare" (1941), and "Lady Be Good" (1941).  Conway was a villain in "Tarzan's Secret Treasure" (1941), "Mr. and Mrs. North" (1941) and "Rio Rita" (1942). He was a murder suspect in "Grand Central Murder" (1942) and had an uncredited bit in "Mrs. Miniver" (1942).

RKO: The Falcon and Val Lewton.

At RKO, Conway's brother George Sanders had starred in three popular "B" movies as "The Falcon". Sanders was getting sick of the role so Conway took over as "The Falcon's Brother" (1942), co-starring with Sanders for one film (Sanders' character was killed off). RKO signed him to a long term contract.  Conway followed this with an excellent role in "Cat People" (1942), the first of producer Val Lewton's legendary horror cycle. It was an even bigger hit than "Falcon's Brother".  Conway starred in "The Falcon Strikes Back" (1942), then had the male lead in a second film for Lewton, "I Walked with a Zombie" (1942), now regarded as a horror classic.  He starred in "The Falcon in Danger" (1943) and "The Falcon and the Co-eds" (1943) back to back, then was top billed in Lewton's "The Seventh Victim" (1943) playing the same role he did in "The Cat People" though his character was apparently killed in that film. After "The Falcon Out West" (1944) he made a crime mystery, "A Night of Adventure" (1944), directed by Gordon Douglas. He reprised the Falcon role with "The Falcon in Mexico" (1944) and "The Falcon in Hollywood" (1945), then was top billed in a "B" mystery directed by Anthony Mann, "Two O'Clock Courage" (1945).  After "The Falcon in San Francisco" (1945), Conway was borrowed by United Artists for "Whistle Stop" (1946), in which he supported George Raft, Ava Gardner and Victor McLaglen. He went back to RKO for "The Falcon's Alibi" (1946) and a "B", "Criminal Court" (1946), directed by Robert Wise. "The Falcon's Adventure" (1946) was Conway's last "Falcon".  In June 1946 Conway obtained a release from his RKO contract. His next film was to be "Strange Bedfellows" at United Artists.

Freelance actor.

On radio, Conway played Sherlock Holmes during the 1946–1947 season of "The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes", following Basil Rathbone's departure from the series. In spite of a similar vocal timbre, Conway was not as well-received as Rathbone by audiences; he played Holmes for only one season.  He was a leading support actor in "Lost Honeymoon" (1947) and "Repeat Performance" (1947) for Eagle-Lion and "Fun on a Weekend" (1947) for United Artists.  Reliance Pictures, a small outfit who distributed through Fox, hired Conway to play Bulldog Drummond in "The Challenge" (1948) and "13 Lead Soldiers" (1948). Fox cast him in the lead of some B movies: "The Checkered Coat" (1948), "Bungalow 13" (1948), and "I Cheated the Law" (1949). Conway had a support part in "One Touch of Venus" (1948). He had the lead in "The Great Plane Robbery" (1950).  Conway had support parts in "Painting the Clouds with Sunshine" (1951) and "Bride of the Gorilla" (1951). He went back to leads for "Confidence Girl" (1952) and was a villain in "Tarzan and the She-Devil" (1953).  In 1951, he replaced Vincent Price as star of the radio mystery series "The Saint", portrayed by Sanders on film a decade earlier.  From 1951–1954, Conway played debonair British police detective Mark Saber, who worked in the homicide division of a large American city, in the ABC series entitled "Inspector Mark Saber – Homicide Detective". In 1957, the series resumed on NBC, renamed "Saber of London", with Donald Gray in the title role.  Conway went to England to star in "Park Plaza 605" (1953), and "Blood Orange" (1953) using his own name for the private detective he played. He had a support part in "Paris Model" (1953) and a minor role in "Prince Valiant" (1954), but leads in the British "Barbados Quest" (1955), "Breakaway" (1955) and "The Last Man to Hang?" (1956).  In 1956, the two brothers both featured (as brothers) in the film "Death of a Scoundrel", though Sanders had the starring role.  In America he was in "The She-Creature" (1956) and "Voodoo Woman" (1957). In England he did "Operation Murder" (1957). In 1956 he was briefly hospitalised for an operation.  Conway performed in the "Alfred Hitchcock Presents" episode "The Glass Eye" (1957) as Max Collodi, receiving critical praise.

Final years.

Conway had support roles on "The Betty Hutton Show" television series (1959-60) and in the feature films "The Atomic Submarine" (1959), and "12 to the Moon" (1960). He provided his voice for Disney's "101 Dalmatians" (1961) as a quizmaster in "What's My Crime?"—a parody of the game show "What's My Line?"—and as a collie who offers the dalmatians shelter in a barn, later guiding them home. His wife at the time, Queenie Leonard, voiced a cow in the barn.  His final television appearance was in the "Perry Mason" episode, "The Case of the Simple Simon" (1964), playing the role of Guy Penrose.

Decline and death.

Despite having been financially successful in his twenty-four-year film career, Conway later struggled to make ends meet. Failing eyesight and alcoholism took their toll on him in his last years.  His first marriage ended in divorce in 1953.  His second wife (Leonard) divorced him in 1963 because of his drinking problem. His alcoholism also cost him his relationship with his brother George Sanders, who broke off all contact with him.  Conway underwent cataract surgery during the winter of 1964–1965. In September 1965 he briefly returned to the headlines, having been discovered living in a $2-a-day room in a Venice, Los Angeles flophouse. Gifts, contributions and offers of aid poured in for a time. Conway estimated he had earned $900,000 in his career but was broke. "I don't particularly want to act," he said. He said he lost his last $15,000 to swindlers in a lumber deal. Lew Ayres paid his rent.  His last years were marked with hospitalizations. It was there that former sister-in-law Zsa Zsa Gabor paid Conway a visit and gave him $200. "Tip the nurses a little bit so they'll be good to you," she told him. The following day, the hospital called her to say that Conway had left with the $200, gone to his girlfriend's house, and become gravely sick in her bed. It was 22 April 1967, and he died from cirrhosis of the liver at the age of 62. His funeral was held in London.

Tom Conway (born Thomas Charles Sanders, 15 September 1904 – 22 April 1967) was a British film, television and radio actor remembered for playing private detectives (including The Falcon, Sherlock Holmes, Bulldog Drummond and The Saint) and psychiatrists.

Tom Conway (* 15. September 1904 in Sankt Petersburg, Russland; † 22. April 1967 in Culver City, Los Angeles County) war ein britischer Schauspieler und Hörspielsprecher.


Youth career.

Maguire started to play football at amateur club Theole, in his native town of Tiel. Here he was scouted by FC Den Bosch.

Club career.

FC Den Bosch.

At the age of 16, he joined FC Den Bosch's first squad.

FC Utrecht.

Maguire moved on to FC Utrecht in 2008. He scored Utrecht's fourth goal in their 4–0 win over Celtic in their Europa League play-off win in August 2010.  The development of a long-lasting injury to his back which also affected his left calf muscle caused Maguire to miss games and eventually have to move to less challenging leagues, in the hope of regaining his fitness.

Sarpsborg 08 FF.

He joined Norwegian team Sarpsborg 08 FF in the summer of 2015.

Limerick.

Maguire moved from local club TEC to Limerick in February 2018. During his time at the club, which was struggling to avoid relegation for most of the season, he managed to become the one of the team's highest scorers, with most of his goals coming from late runs into the box. He scored three goals but failed to save his team from relegation.

Geylang International.

In January 2019 it was announced that Maguire had joined Singapore Premier League club Geylang International. Maguire won the 2020 Singapore Premier League Goal of the Year award for his stunning outside-foot curler, after brilliantly controlling a cross-field pass in the 2-1 win over the Young Lions in August.

International career.

Maguire represented the Republic of Ireland Under-16 and the Netherlands Under-19 teams, since his father is Irish, Maguire can still represent either the Netherlands and the Republic of Ireland at senior competitive level.  On 27 January 2009, Barry Maguire was called up to the Republic of Ireland Under 21 squad for the first time, but he rejected the invitation the following day. In September 2010 he declared himself eager to represent Ireland.

Barry Maguire (born 27 October 1989) is an Irish-Dutch professional footballer who last played as a defensive midfielder for Geylang International.

Barry Maguire (* 27. Oktober 1989 in Tiel) ist ein niederländischer Fußballspieler mit irischen Wurzeln. Seit Sommer 2013 steht der Defensivspezialist beim niederländischen Zweitligisten FC Den Bosch unter Vertrag.


Government.

In the local elections of March 2019 Mülkiye Esmez from the Peoples' Democratic Party way elected mayor. But on the 15 November 2019 she was detained and a day later dismissed from her post as mayor and the District Governor Hakan Kafkas was appointed as trustee instead.

History.

The town is first mentioned in the late 14th century, however a Roman fort indicates that the area has been inhabited for longer. Prior to the Assyrian and Armenian genocide, Assyrians and Armenians formed the majority in the district. The Armenian population of the county continued to form the majority even up until the 1930s, when systematic state persecution forced many to emigrate. One family continues to live here, and they maintain the old Armenian Church. The Armenian Apostolic Church in Derik is only one out of six in Anatolian Turkey that operates as a church.

Geography.

Geographically the town includes areas from Mazıdağı foot descending towards Ceylanpınar plains. Town area descends from the north to the south. The city center is surrounded by mountains from 3 sides and has a temperate climate with some mediterranean climate effects.  In the 1990s, the nearby forests were cleared as they offered PKK shelter from the Turkish authorities. Currently there is a campaign to reforest the mountains.

Economy.

Agriculture is the main industry in the city center and in the lowlands. Agricultural products include cereals, grapes, fruit, and olives. Mountain villagers and those around Karacadağ ("Xalîkan") province deal in livestock. The recent drilling of water wells and construction of irrigation ponds has allowed more industrial scale agriculture to blossom here as well.

Derik () is a district of the Mardin Province in the southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey. It has borders with Mazıdağı, Viranşehir and Kızıltepe.

Derik (, kurdisch "Dêrika Çiyayê Mazî") ist eine Stadt und zugleich der Name eines Landkreises der türkischen Provinz Mardin in Südostanatolien. Die Stadt Derik hat 20.266 und der Landkreis 58.213 Einwohner (Stand 2010). Derik liegt im Nordwesten der Provinz und grenzt an die Provinzen Diyarbakır und Şanlıurfa.


Biography.

Early life.

Myron Holley Clark was born in Naples, Ontario County, New York on October 23, 1806.

Career.

He served in the state's militia as a lieutenant colonel and then entered politics, first serving as President of the then-village of Canandaigua, New York, and eventually becoming Sheriff of Ontario County, New York. He was a member of the New York State Senate (29th D.) from 1852 to 1854, sitting in the 75th, 76th and 77th New York State Legislatures. At the New York state election, 1854, he was elected Governor of New York in the closest gubernatorial election in New York State history. He was in office from 1855 to 1856.  As Governor, Clark was noted for his meddling with militia appointments, causing the resignation of the state Adjutant General John Watts de Peyster.  Clark made several attempts to effect prohibition in the state and signed a prohibition law while governor, but the law was declared unconstitutional by the New York Court of Appeals. His steadfast advocating of temperance led to his nomination on the Prohibition ticket to run again for Governor at the New York state election, 1874. He finished in third place, behind Democrat Samuel J. Tilden and the incumbent Republican Governor John Adams Dix.

Personal life.

Clark died in Canandaigua, New York on August 23, 1892. He is interred at Woodlawn Cemetery (Canandaigua, New York).  Mary Clark Thompson was his daughter; as a memorial to Clark, in 1915 she presented a scenic and geologically significant tract of land to New York State that is now part of Clark Reservation State Park. Comptroller Clark Williams was his grandson.

Myron Holley Clark (October 23, 1806 – August 23, 1892) was an American politician from the U.S. state of New York.

Myron Holley Clark (* 3. Oktober 1806 in Naples, Ontario County, New York; † 23. August 1892 in Canandaigua, New York) war ein US-amerikanischer Politiker und von 1855 bis 1857 Gouverneur des Bundesstaates New York.