Early years.

Balin was born in Brooklyn, New York to Jewish parents. Her father, Sam Rosenberg, was a dancer, singer and comedian who worked the Borscht Belt. He later quit show business to join his family's furrier business. Her mother was a Hungarian-born professional dancer who escaped a troubled family life by marrying at age 15. Sam Rosenberg was her third husband by age 21. They too divorced when Ina and her brother, Richard Balin, were still quite young. The siblings were placed in boarding schools until their mother married a fourth time, then to shoe magnate Harold Balin, who later adopted Ina and Richard.  Balin graduated from high school at age 15 after having spent five years at a boarding school in Pennsylvania.

Television.

Balin first appeared on television on "The Perry Como Show". She guest-starred on dozens of television shows, including "Wonder Woman", "Adventures in Paradise", "Bonanza", "The Lieutenant", "The Dick Van Dyke Show", "Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea", "Battlestar Galactica", "Get Smart", "It Takes a Thief", "Ironside", "Twelve O'Clock High, The Loner," "Quincy, M.E." and "Magnum, P.I."  She appeared with Joseph Cotten, Fernando Lamas and Dean Jagger in the 1969 made-for-television movie "The Lonely Profession".

Stage.

Balin did summer stock, which led to roles on Broadway. She first starred on Broadway in "Compulsion", portraying Ruth. In 1959, she had the role of Alice Black in the comedy "A Majority of One."

Film.

In 1959, Balin landed her first film role in "The Black Orchid". She was Paul Newman's love interest in the 1960 screen adaptation of "From the Terrace". In 1961, she appeared as Pilar Graile in "The Comancheros" with John Wayne and Stuart Whitman. Co-starring with Jerry Lewis in the 1964 hit comedy "The Patsy", Balin also had a secondary part in 1965's "The Greatest Story Ever Told". She also co-starred with Elvis Presley in his 1969 film "Charro!" She co-starred in the 1971 film "The Projectionist". She also co-starred in the 1982 comedy "The Comeback Trail", and she appeared in "The Young Doctors", the 1961 hospital drama with Ben Gazzara, and Fredric March.

Humanitarian activities.

In 1966, Balin toured Vietnam with the USO on the first of many trips to the war-torn region. In 1975, she aided in the evacuation of orphans during the fall of Saigon. Eventually, she adopted three of these orphaned children. In 1980, she played herself in a made-for-television movie based on her experiences, "The Children of An Lac".  While working on "The Children of An Lac", she became acquainted with Christy Marx who, at the time, worked as a producer's liaison for various television programs. According to Marx, she used Balin's story as a basis for a character in the animated show "Jem" when she became a writer. The character of Ba Nee is based on Balin's adopted daughter, Ba-Nhi. Ba Nee's obsession with and struggle to find her birth father are the focus of several episodes of "Jem".

Death.

Balin, a former cigarette smoker, died on June 20, 1990 at Yale–New Haven Hospital in New Haven, Connecticut, aged 52, from complications of chronic lung disease, including pulmonary hypertension (high blood pressure of the lungs). She had been at the hospital seeking a lung transplant.  A single mother, she was survived by her father, Sam Rosenberg; her three adopted children: Nguyet Baty, Ba-Nhi Mai, and Kim Thuy; a brother, Richard Balin; and two grandchildren. Ba-Nhi Mai and Kim Thuy were raised by Hollywood talent agent Ted Ashley and his wife Page (née Cuddy).

Recognition.

In 1959, Balin won the Theatre World Award for her performance in the Broadway comedy, "A Majority of One".  In 1961, Balin won the New Star of the Year-Actress Golden Globe Award, and she was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress — Motion Picture — both for her performance in "From the Terrace".

Ina Balin (née Rosenberg; November 12, 1937 – June 20, 1990) was an American actress. She is best known for her role in the film "From the Terrace" (1960), for which she received two Golden Globe Award nominations and won one for Most Promising Newcomer – Female.

Ina Balin (* 12. November 1937 in Brooklyn, New York City als "Ina Rosenberg"; † 20. Juni 1990 in New Haven, Connecticut) war eine US-amerikanische Schauspielerin.


Biography.

Born in Vicksburg, Mississippi, Henry "Hank" Jones moved to Pontiac, Michigan, where his father, Henry Jones Sr. a Baptist deacon and lumber inspector, bought a three-story brick home. One of seven children, Jones was raised in a musical family. His mother Olivia Jones sang; his two older sisters studied piano; and his two younger brothers—Thad, a trumpeter, and Elvin, a drummer—also became prominent jazz musicians. He studied piano at an early age and came under the influence of Earl Hines, Fats Waller, Teddy Wilson, and Art Tatum. By the age of 13 Jones was performing locally in Michigan and Ohio. While playing with territory bands in Grand Rapids and Lansing in 1944 he met Lucky Thompson, who invited Jones to work in New York City at the Onyx Club with Hot Lips Page.  In New York City, Jones regularly listened to leading bop musicians, and was inspired to master the new style. While practicing and studying the music he worked with John Kirby, Howard McGhee, Coleman Hawkins, Andy Kirk, and Billy Eckstine. In autumn 1947, he began touring in Norman Granz's Jazz at the Philharmonic package, and from 1948 to 1953 he was accompanist for Ella Fitzgerald, and accompanying her in England in the fall of 1948, developed a harmonic facility of extraordinary taste and sophistication. During this period he also made several historically important recordings with Charlie Parker, which included "The Song Is You", from the "Now's the Time" album, recorded in December 1952, with Teddy Kotick on bass and Max Roach on drums.  Engagements with Artie Shaw and Benny Goodman followed, and recordings with artists such as Lester Young, Cannonball Adderley, and Wes Montgomery, in addition to being for a time, 'house pianist' on the Savoy label. From 1959 through 1975 Jones was staff pianist for CBS studios. This included backing guests such as Frank Sinatra on "The Ed Sullivan Show". He played the piano accompaniment to Marilyn Monroe as she sang "Happy Birthday Mr. President" to John F. Kennedy on May 19, 1962. By the late 1970s, his involvement as pianist and conductor with the Broadway musical "Ain't Misbehavin'" (based on the music of Fats Waller) had informed a wider audience of his unique qualities as a musician.  During the late 1970s and the 1980s, Jones continued to record prolifically, as an unaccompanied soloist, in duos with other pianists (including John Lewis and Tommy Flanagan), and with various small ensembles, most notably the Great Jazz Trio. The group took this name in 1976, by which time Jones had already begun working at the Village Vanguard with its original members, Ron Carter and Tony Williams (it was Buster Williams rather than Carter, however, who took part in the trio's first recording session in 1976); by 1980 Jones' sidemen were Eddie Gómez and Al Foster, and in 1982 Jimmy Cobb replaced Foster. The trio also recorded with other all-star personnel, such as Art Farmer, Benny Golson, and Nancy Wilson. In the early 1980s Jones held a residency as a solo pianist at the Cafe Ziegfeld and made a tour of Japan, where he performed and recorded with George Duvivier and Sonny Stitt. Jones' versatility was more in evidence with the passage of time. He collaborated on recordings of Afro-pop with an ensemble from Mali and on an album of spirituals, hymns and folksongs with Charlie Haden called "Steal Away" (1995).  Some of his later recordings are "For My Father" (2005) with bassist George Mraz and drummer Dennis Mackrel, a solo piano recording issued in Japan under the title "Round Midnight" (2006), and as a side man on Joe Lovano's "Joyous Encounter" (2005). Jones made his debut on Lineage Records, recording with Frank Wess and with the guitarist Eddie Diehl, but also appeared on "West of 5th" (2006) with Jimmy Cobb and Christian McBride on Chesky Records. He also accompanied Diana Krall for "Dream a Little Dream of Me" on the album compilation, "We all Love Ella" (Verve 2007). He is one of the musicians who test and talk about the piano in the documentary "", released in November 2007.  In early 2000, the Hank Jones Quartet accompanied jazz singer Salena Jones at the Lionel Hampton Jazz Festival in Idaho, and in 2006 at the Monterey Jazz Festival with both jazz singer Roberta Gambarini and the Oscar Peterson Trio.  In June 2005, Jones was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Music from Berklee College of Music at 20th anniversary of jazz education at the Umbria Jazz Festival, in Perugia, Italy.  Hank Jones lived in Cresskill NJ, upstate New York and in Manhattan. He died at a Calvary Hospital Hospice in The Bronx, New York, on May 16, 2010, survived by his wife Theodosia.  On June 25, 2019, "The New York Times Magazine" listed Hank Jones among hundreds of artists whose material was reportedly destroyed in the 2008 Universal fire.

Henry Jones Jr. (July 31, 1918 – May 16, 2010), best known as Hank Jones, was an American jazz pianist, bandleader, arranger, and composer. Critics and musicians described Jones as eloquent, lyrical, and impeccable. In 1989, The National Endowment for the Arts honored him with the NEA Jazz Masters Award. He was also honored in 2003 with the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP) Jazz Living Legend Award. In 2008, he was awarded the National Medal of Arts. On April 13, 2009, the University of Hartford presented Jones with an honorary Doctorate of Music for his musical accomplishments.

Henry „Hank“ Jones (* 31. Juli 1918 in Vicksburg, Mississippi; † 16. Mai 2010 in New York City) war ein US-amerikanischer Jazz-Pianist.


Perpignan–Barcelona high-speed rail line

History.

The construction contract for the international section of the line between Perpignan and Figueres was awarded on 17 February 2004 to the TP Ferro consortium, a joint venture of Eiffage (France) and Dragados (Spain). The group constructed the line for an estimated cost of approximately €1.1 billion, and will operate it for 53 years. It received a public subsidy of €540 million, split between the European Union, France and Spain. Test running started in November 2008, and the international section officially opened on 17 February 2009, but services were delayed until December 2010 because the station at Figueres was not finished. Services in the section started on 19 December 2010 with a TGV service from Paris via Perpignan to Figueres–Vilafant and regular freight traffic started on 21 December 2010. Eventually the international section was officially inaugurated on 27 January 2011.  The Spanish Barcelona–Figueres section was originally planned to open in 2009 but there were delays in building a 4-kilometre tunnel in Girona, the first phase of which was finished in September 2010, and controversy over the route between Sants and Sagrera stations in Barcelona. The section was eventually completed in January 2013 at a cost of €3.7 billion and the entire line officially opened on 8 January 2013.

Line.

The track on the new line is standard gauge using 25 kV AC railway electrification at 50 Hz, consistent with the French LGV and Spanish AVE high-speed rail networks. The line is used by both passenger and freight trains, the maximum grade being limited to 1.2%. The design speed is.  This line was the first rail connection between Spain and the rest of Europe constructed without a break-of-gauge and the first international connection to the standard-gauge Spanish AVE network. Traditional Spanish rail lines are broad gauge based on the Spanish vara, so rail connections between France and Spain have traditionally involved a break-of-gauge, implying that passengers and cargo must either change trains, or the trains must pass through gauge-changing installations at the border. Another same-gauge connection to France is planned near the Atlantic coast in the Basque country, and a third link via Huesca crossing the central Pyrenees mountains through a tunnel is under study.  France has left-hand traffic and Spain right-hand, so a flyover was built around north of the border ().

Services.

A TGV service from Paris via Perpignan started on 19 December 2010 to a temporary station at Figueres and a connecting service on the classic line on to Barcelona and Madrid. The total journey time from Paris to Barcelona has been reduced by 1h 15m to 7h 25m. Of that, 5h 30m was spent on the Paris to Figueres segment. Initially there was a service of two Paris-Figueres TGVs per day, which connected with two RENFE Alvia trains a day between Barcelona and Figueres via the conventional broad gauge line and a temporary double gauge track. From January 2013 there was a service of nine RENFE AVE trains a day between Figueres and Barcelona with eight services continuing on to Madrid.  RENFE started a standard-gauge freight service on 21 December 2010. As of January 2011 four freight trains a week run over the line from Barcelona, with journey times reduced by 6 hours: one train each way to Lyon, and one each way to Milan.  On 28 November 2013, RENFE and SNCF announced the opening of direct long-distance services from 15 December 2013, with daily trains between Paris – Barcelona, Toulouse – Barcelona, Lyon – Barcelona, Marseille – Madrid. Since December 2013 the journey time for the TGV Paris–Barcelona service has been 6 hours 25 minutes.

Expansion.

Operating.

Lyon to Barcelona is expected to take less than four hours using the standard line in France between Perpignan and Nîmes. A new company jointly owned by RENFE and SNCF is to be formed to run services between Paris and Madrid. Ten new trains are to be purchased at a cost of €300 million.  In May 2010 it was announced that tendering had started for the Nîmes–Montpellier bypass route. This is the first stage in the link between the Spanish high-speed network and LGV Méditerranée and the line will carry a mix of freight and high-speed trains. A 25-year Public–Private Partnership agreement was signed in June 2012, construction works completed in December 2017 and the first passenger services to Montpellier Sud de France station commenced on July 7 2018.

Future.

Work on the LGV Montpellier–Perpignan is not expected to start before 2020, following public consultation beginning 2015. However, the preliminary high-speed route and station locations were approved by the French transport ministry in February 2016.. Construction for the Montpellier-Béziers section is forecast to last 10 years, while another 10 years will be needed to construct the Béziers-Perpignan section.

The Perpignan–Barcelona high-speed line is an international high-speed rail line between France and Spain. The line consists of a railway, of which 24.6 km are in France and 150.8 km are in Spain. It crosses the French–Spanish border via the Perthus Tunnel bored under the Perthus Pass, connecting two small cities on opposite sides of the border, Perpignan in Roussillon, France, and Figueres in Catalonia, Spain. The line extends to Barcelona, and this part is sometimes referenced as an extension of the Madrid–Barcelona high-speed rail line. The Perpignan–Barcelona line is a part of the Mediterranean Corridor.

Die LGV/LAV Perpignan–Figueres (französisch: "Ligne à grande vitesse Perpignan–Figueras", spanisch: "Línea de alta velocidad Perpignan–Figueres", katalanisch: "Línia d’alta velocitat Perpinyà–Figueres") ist eine internationale Schnellfahrstrecke. Sie verbindet die Städte Perpignan/Perpinyà in Frankreich und Figueres in Spanien. An ihr südliches Ende schließt die Schnellfahrstrecke Madrid–Barcelona an.


Resolution.

Observations.

The preamble of the resolution praised the citizens of the Democratic Republic of the Congo who participated in general elections on July 30, 2006, underlining their importance as a foundation for long term peace and stability in the country. Furthermore, the Council commended MONUC, the United Nations Development Programme, the EUFOR RD Congo and African partners, particularly South Africa, for their roles in the election process. It stressed the role of the Congolese government for ensuring security during the election period.  Meanwhile, the resolution condemned violence from August 20–22, 2006, between security forces loyal to two opposing presidential candidates, as well as continuing hostilities by militias and foreign groups in the east of the country. It deplored violations of human rights and international humanitarian law in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the need for the crimes to be brought to justice. The illegal flow of weapons into and within the country—in contravention of resolutions 1493 (2003) and 1596 (2005)—was also condemned.

Acts.

The Chapter VII resolution extended the mandate of MONUC until February 15, 2007 at its current strength. The temporary redeployment of one infantry battalion, medical hospital and 50 military observers from the United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB) to MONUC was renewed until December 31, 2006. The Secretary-General Kofi Annan was asked to take steps towards the downsizing of the additional strength by February 15, 2007. MONUC's mandate would be reviewed after the completion of the electoral process.  The Council called on the Congolese authorities to ensure free, fair and transparent elections, where security forces had to remain impartial throughout. It reiterated the importance of the cantonment of non-police security forces in the capital Kinshasa. Furthermore, the authorities were urged to refrain from using violence or threat of the use of force in order to prevent elections.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1711, adopted unanimously on September 29, 2006, after recalling all previous resolutions concerning the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, including resolutions 1565 (2004), 1592 (2005), 1596 (2005), 1621 (2005), 1628 (2005), 1635 (2005), 1671 (2006) and 1693 (2006), and resolutions 1650 (2005), 1669 (2006), 1692 (2006) on the situation in Burundi and the African Great Lakes region, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) until February 15, 2007.

Die Resolution 1711 des UN-Sicherheitsrates ist eine Resolution, die der Sicherheitsrat der Vereinten Nationen am 29. September 2006 auf seiner 5541. Sitzung einstimmig angenommen hat. Gegenstand der Resolution ist die Verlängerung des Mandats der Mission de l’Organisation des Nations Unies en République Démocratique du Congo (MONUC) bis zum 15. Februar 2007, wobei die Stärke unverändert beibehalten wurde.


Ring systems of planets.

There are three ways that thicker planetary rings (the rings around planets) have been proposed to have formed: from material of the protoplanetary disk that was within the Roche limit of the planet and thus could not coalesce to form moons, from the debris of a moon that was disrupted by a large impact, or from the debris of a moon that was disrupted by tidal stresses when it passed within the planet's Roche limit. Most rings were thought to be unstable and to dissipate over the course of tens or hundreds of millions of years, but it now appears that Saturn's rings might be quite old, dating to the early days of the Solar System.  Fainter planetary rings can form as a result of meteoroid impacts with moons orbiting around the planet or, in case of Saturn's E-ring, the ejecta of cryovolcanic material.  The composition of ring particles varies; they may be silicate or icy dust. Larger rocks and boulders may also be present, and in 2007 tidal effects from eight'moonlets' only a few hundred meters across were detected within Saturn's rings. The maximum size of a ring particle is determined by the specific strength of the material it is made of, its density, and the tidal force at its altitude. The tidal force is proportional to the average density inside the radius of the ring, or to the mass of the planet divided by the radius of the ring cubed. It is also inversely proportional to the square of the orbital period of the ring.  Sometimes rings will have "shepherd" moons, small moons that orbit near the inner or outer edges of rings or within gaps in the rings. The gravity of shepherd moons serves to maintain a sharply defined edge to the ring; material that drifts closer to the shepherd moon's orbit is either deflected back into the body of the ring, ejected from the system, or accreted onto the moon itself.  It is also predicted that Phobos, a moon of Mars, will break up and form into a planetary ring in about 50 million years. Its low orbit, with an orbital period that is shorter than a Martian day, is decaying due to tidal deceleration.

Jupiter.

Jupiter's ring system was the third to be discovered, when it was first observed by the "Voyager 1" probe in 1979, and was observed more thoroughly by the "Galileo" orbiter in the 1990s. Its four main parts are a faint thick torus known as the "halo"; a thin, relatively bright main ring; and two wide, faint "gossamer rings". The system consists mostly of dust.

Saturn.

Saturn's rings are the most extensive ring system of any planet in the Solar System, and thus have been known to exist for quite some time. Galileo Galilei first observed them in 1610, but they were not accurately described as a disk around Saturn until Christiaan Huygens did so in 1655. With help from the NASA/ESA/ASI Cassini mission, a further understanding of the ring formation and active movement was understood. The rings are not a series of tiny ringlets as many think, but are more of a disk with varying density. They consist mostly of water ice and trace amounts of rock, and the particles range in size from micrometers to meters.

Uranus.

Uranus' ring system lies between the level of complexity of Saturn's vast system and the simpler systems around Jupiter and Neptune. They were discovered in 1977 by James L. Elliot, Edward W. Dunham, and Jessica Mink. In the time between then and 2005, observations by "Voyager 2" and the Hubble Space Telescope led to a total of 13 distinct rings being identified, most of which are opaque and only a few kilometers wide. They are dark and likely consist of water ice and some radiation-processed organics. The relative lack of dust is due to aerodynamic drag from the extended exosphere-corona of Uranus.

Neptune.

The system around Neptune consists of five principal rings that, at their densest, are comparable to the low-density regions of Saturn's rings. However, they are faint and dusty, much more similar in structure to those of Jupiter. The very dark material that makes up the rings is likely organics processed by radiation, like in the rings of Uranus. 20 to 70 percent of the rings are dust, a relatively high proportion. Hints of the rings were seen for decades prior to their conclusive discovery by "Voyager 2" in 1989.

Rings systems of minor planets and moons.

Reports in March 2008 suggested that Saturn's moon Rhea may have its own tenuous ring system, which would make it the only moon known to have a ring system. A later study published in 2010 revealed that imaging of Rhea by the "Cassini" spacecraft was inconsistent with the predicted properties of the rings, suggesting that some other mechanism is responsible for the magnetic effects that had led to the ring hypothesis.  It had been theorized by some astronomers that Pluto might have a ring system. However, this possibility has been ruled out by "New Horizons", which would have detected any such ring system.

Chariklo.

10199 Chariklo, a centaur, was the first minor planet discovered to have rings. It has two rings, perhaps due to a collision that caused a chain of debris to orbit it. The rings were discovered when astronomers observed Chariklo passing in front of the star UCAC4 248-108672 on June 3, 2013 from seven locations in South America. While watching, they saw two dips in the star's apparent brightness just before and after the occultation. Because this event was observed at multiple locations, the conclusion that the dip in brightness was in fact due to rings is unanimously the leading hypothesis. The observations revealed what is likely a -wide ring system that is about 1,000 times closer than the Moon is to Earth. In addition, astronomers suspect there could be a moon orbiting amidst the ring debris. If these rings are the leftovers of a collision as astronomers suspect, this would give fodder to the idea that moons (such as the Moon) form through collisions of smaller bits of material. Chariklo's rings have not been officially named, but the discoverers have nicknamed them Oiapoque and Chuí, after two rivers near the northern and southern ends of Brazil.

Chiron.

A second centaur, 2060 Chiron, is also suspected to have a pair of rings. Based on stellar-occultation data that were initially interpreted as resulting from jets associated with Chiron's comet-like activity, the rings are proposed to be 324 (± 10) km in radius. Their changing appearance at different viewing angles can explain the long-term variation in Chiron's brightness over time.  Ring systems may form around centaurs when they are tidally disrupted in a close encounter (within 0.4 to 0.8 times the Roche limit) with a giant planet. (By definition, a centaur is a minor planet whose orbit crosses the orbit(s) of one or more giant planets.) For a differentiated body approaching a giant planet at an initial relative velocity of 3−6 km/s with an initial rotational period of 8 hours, a ring mass of 0.1%−10% of the centaur's mass is predicted. Ring formation from an undifferentiated body is less likely. The rings would be composed mostly or entirely of material from the parent body's icy mantle. After forming, the ring would spread laterally, leading to satellite formation from whatever portion of it spreads beyond the centaur's Roche Limit. Satellites could also form directly from the disrupted icy mantle. This formation mechanism predicts that roughly 10% of centaurs will have experienced potentially ring-forming encounters with giant planets.

Haumea.

A ring around Haumea, a dwarf planet and resonant Kuiper belt member, was revealed by a stellar occultation observed on 21 January 2017. This makes it the first trans-Neptunian object found to have a ring system. The ring has a radius of about 2,287 km, a width of ≈70 km and an opacity of 0.5. The ring plane coincides with Haumea's equator and the orbit of its larger, outer moon Hi’iaka (which has a semimajor axis of ≈25,657 km). The ring is close to the 3:1 resonance with Haumea's rotation, which is located at a radius of 2,285 ± 8 km. It is well within Haumea's Roche limit, which would lie at a radius of about 4,400 km if Haumea were spherical (being nonspherical pushes the limit out farther).

Rings around exoplanets.

Because all giant planets of the Solar System have rings, the existence of exoplanets with rings is plausible. Although particles of ice, the material that is predominant in the rings of Saturn, can only exist around planets beyond the frost line, within this line rings consisting of rocky material can be stable in the long term. Such ring systems can be detected for planets observed by the transit method by additional reduction of the light of the central star if their opacity is sufficient. As of January 2015, no such observations are known.  A sequence of occultations of the star 1SWASP J140747.93-394542.6 observed in 2007 over 56 days was interpreted as a transit of a ring system of a (not directly observed) substellar companion dubbed “J1407b”. This ring system is attributed a radius of about 90 million km (about 200 times that of Saturn's rings). In press releases, the term super-Saturn was dubbed. However, the age of this stellar system is only about 16 million years, which suggests that this structure, if real, is more like a protoplanetary disk rather than a stable ring system in an evolved planetary system. The ring was observed to have a 0.0267 AU-wide gap at a radial distance of 0.4 AU. Simulations suggest that this gap is more likely the result of an embedded moon than resonance effects of an external moon(s).  Fomalhaut b was found to be large and unclearly defined when detected in 2008. This may either be due to a cloud of dust attracted from the dust disc of the star, or a possible ring system.

A ring system is a disc or ring orbiting an astronomical object that is composed of solid material such as dust and moonlets, and is a common component of satellite systems around giant planets. A ring system around a planet is also known as a planetary ring system.

Ein Planetenring ist eine Ansammlung fester Partikel unterschiedlicher Größe (typischerweise von Staubkorngröße bis zu Durchmessern über zehn Meter), die einen planetenartigen Himmelskörper oder Asteroiden innerhalb eines abgrenzbaren Entfernungsintervalls nahe einer Ebene umkreisen und dabei zahlreich genug sind, um in ihrer Gesamtheit als ringscheibenförmiges Gebilde beschreibbar zu sein. Solche Ringe können unterschiedliche Ausmaße, Zusammensetzungen (beispielsweise aus Eis- oder Gesteinspartikeln), Flächen- und Gesamthelligkeiten aufweisen. Mehrere Ringe um einen Planeten bilden ein konzentrisches Ringsystem.


Career.

Eastman was born in 1942 in Genoa, Italy and studied at the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia in Rome and at the Drama School held of Alessandro Fersen. He took his Americanized alias "George Eastman" when he was cast as a "heavy" in many spaghetti westerns made in the late 1960s and early 1970s. In 1972 he played the villain in "The Call of the Wild" which starred Charlton Heston and was directed by Ken Annakin.  Eastman later became a regular performer in many movies directed by Joe D'Amato, for whom he also wrote many screenplays. Their first work together was "Cormack of the Mounties" (aka "Giubbe Rosse") in 1975.  He was a very familiar face in Italian B-cinema in the early 1980s, being generally cast as a villain, thanks to his towering height (he is 6'9" tall) and his dark and menacing looks. He co-starred in many Italian futuristic sci-fi films such as "Bronx Warriors", "The New Barbarians", "Endgame", "Ironmaster", "2020 Texas Gladiators" and "After the Fall of New York". His most famous movie is the gory horror film "Anthropophagous", directed by Joe D'Amato in 1980, in which he played the monster. He also starred in D'Amato's "Erotic Nights of the Living Dead", "Porno Holocaust" and "Absurd" (aka "Anthropophagous 2").  Two of his greatest major villain roles were in "Rabid Dogs" (aka "Kidnapped", 1974) and "Blastfighter" (1984). He appeared in Paramount's 1985 biblical film "King David" playing Goliath in David's childhood flashback scene. In 1986, he performed as Stefano in the movie "Regalo di Natale", directed by Pupi Avati. He also wrote and directed the sci-fi film "Metamorphosis"/ "DNA Formula Lethal" (produced by Joe D'Amato) in 1990, after which he quit acting to concentrate on his screenwriting. He is now a well regarded author in Italian television and only acts occasionally. (In 2003, he returned to acting in "La rivincita di Natale", a film directed by Pupi Avati.)

George Eastman (born Luigi Montefiori; August 16, 1942) is an Italian B-movie actor and screenwriter well known for his frequent collaborations with notorious director Joe D'Amato. He is most famous for his role as the insane, cannibalistic serial killer Klaus Wortmann in the gory 1980 horror film "Antropophagus" (aka "The Grim Reaper"). He also played a similar role in its 1981 follow-up, "Absurd". Both films were directed by D'Amato and written by Eastman.

Luigi Montefiori (* 16. August 1942 in Genua) ist ein italienischer Schauspieler und Drehbuchautor, der meist unter dem Pseudonym George Eastman auftrat.


Early life.

Sadigov began playing football during his school years at Vagif Pashayev-led Youth Football Sports School at the age of 10. He also spent time playing football for the clubs Sharur, the Air Force team, and Real Baku, all of which are based in Baku.

Club career.

In 2000, Sadigov signed his first professional contract with PFK Turan Tovuz, but played only nine games. At that time, he also played for the Azerbaijan Under-21 football team. At the end of the 2000/01 season, the defender was transferred to PFC Neftchi.  He played for Foolad F.C. in Iran's Premier Football League in 2002. After his comeback to Neftchi, Rashad won the national championship and cup and succeeded in passing the first qualification round of the Champions League with the black-and-whites. He played 8 games in European cups for Neftchi (2 in UEFA Cup qualifying in 01/02, 2 in UEFA Champions League qualifying 04/05, 4 in UCL qualifying 05/06).  He traveled to Turkey to play for Kayserispor in 2005/06. He was loaned back to Neftchi in January 2006. He played once at the start of 2006/07 season, but planned to go back with Neftchi, again. Sadigov failed to notice that the Association of Football Federations of Azerbaijan had changed the deadline of the transfer window, so he changed to play basketball to keep his fitness.  On 23 January 2009 Sadygov joined the Turkish Super Lig club Kocaelispor on a six-month contract after he was kicked out from PFC Neftchi by the head coach Hans-Jürgen Gede in December 2008. Rashad made his debut for Kocaelispor in their four nil victory over Hacettepe on 25 January 2009.  In July, 2009, Sadigov briefly returned to FK Qarabağ to help them in UEFA Europa League and scored a magnificent goal against Rosenborg BK. He also scored against FC Honka after delivering a powerful free kick. As a result, he signed a one-year contract with Karabakh, after the club's impressive performance in the UEFA Europa League.  In August 2010, he signed a 2-year contract with Turkish Super Lig outfit Eskişehirspor. However, following a string of injuries, he failed to get a regular place in Eskişehirspor's defence, which caused him to seek a new club.  After being heavily linked with a move back to FK Qarabağ, Sadigov joined Qarabağ on 11 February 2011. He helped his team to qualify for UEFA Europa League and UEFA Champions League. He played 4 times in UEFA Europa League group stages and one time UEFA Champions League group stage.

International career.

Sadigov made his Azerbaijan debut on 6 October 2001, against Sweden during 2002 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA). Sadigov was Azerbaijan's vice-captain under Carlos Alberto Torres, deputising in the absence of regular captain Gurban Gurbanov, but following the retirement of Gurban Gurbanov from football, Sadygov was named as full-time captain in March 2004. Sadigov is the most capped Azerbaijani player of all time.

Managerial career.

On 13 December 2017, Sadigov was appointed as manager of Azerbaijan U21.

Personal life.

In 2006, as a result of missing the registration deadline for the Azerbaijani football club side Neftchi Baku, Sadigov played basketball for local club BK NTD.  Sadigov was one of the favorite players among Kocaelispor supporters and nicknamed "Terminator" by local media. He also featured as one of the official faces for Azerbaijan Premier League promotion campaign in 2010.

Career statistics.

International.

"Statistics accurate as of match played 4 September 2017"

Rashad Sadygov (; born 16 June 1982) is an Azerbaijani football defender that currently plays for FK Qarabağ as a captain.

Rəşad Fərhad oğlu Sadıqov (im Deutschen oft Raschad Sadigow geschrieben; * 16. Juni 1982 in Baku, AsSSR) ist ein aserbaidschanischer Fußballspieler und ehemaliger Kapitän der aserbaidschanischen Nationalmannschaft. Er steht beim aserbaidschanischen Erstligisten Qarabağ Ağdam unter Vertrag.


History.

In 1908, John Closner, William Briggs, Argyle McAllen, Plutarco de la Viña and Dennis B. Chapin developed a new community at this site. The town square was located at the current crossroads of U.S. Highway 281 and State Highway 107. The town was named "Chapin" in honor of one of the developers. A local myth relates that Edinburg became the county seat of Hidalgo County in a dramatic, nighttime covert operation in which the county records were removed from the previous county seat. However, historical records show more practical reasons. The original Hidalgo County Courthouse in the city of Hidalgo was under frequent danger of flooding because of the town's proximity to the Rio Grande, which sometimes encroached on the building. Additionally, Texas law required that the courthouse be close to the geographic center of the county. When Dennis Chapin was involved in the shooting death of Oscar J. Rountree at the Dan Breen Saloon in San Antonio, the community changed its name to "Edinburg" to honor John Young, a prominent businessman who was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. The town was officially named in 1911 and incorporated in 1919.

Geography.

Edinburg is located in south-central Hidalgo County at (26.304225, -98.163751). It is bordered to the south by Pharr and to the southwest by McAllen, the largest city in the county. U.S. Route 281 (Interstate 69C) runs through the east side of Edinburg. US 281 leads north to Alice and to San Antonio. Downtown McAllen is to the south and west.  According to the United States Census Bureau, Edinburg has a total area of, of which are land and, or 0.16%, are water.

Demographics.

Population as of the census of 2000, there were 48,465 people, 14,183 households, and 11,417 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,296.9 people per square mile (500.7/km2). There were 16,031 housing units at an average density of 429.0 per square mile (165.6/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 73.32% White, 0.58% African American, 0.47% Native American, 0.65% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 22.67% from other races, and 2.27% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 88.68% of the population. About 95% of those who selected the "other race" were Hispanic or Latino.  There were 14,183 households out of which 46.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.9% were married couples living together, 19.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.5% were non-families. 15.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.29 and the average family size was 3.71.  In the city, the population was spread out with 33.0% under the age of 18, 13.1% from 18 to 24, 29.8% from 25 to 44, 15.9% from 45 to 64, and 8.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 27 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.5 males.  The median income for a household in the city was $28,938, and the median income for a family was $30,634. Males had a median income of $27,505 versus $21,010 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,854. About 25.2% of families and 29.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 37.2% of those under age 18 and 23.0% of those age 65 or over.

Education.

University of Texas Rio Grande Valley.

In December 2012, officials announced the merger of the existing University of Texas-Pan American in Edinburg and the University of Texas at Brownsville into a regional institution. A year later, in December 2013, University of Texas System officials decided to name the new institution the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley. UTRGV's creation garnered much media attention because of its expected economic, social and health care impact on the region. UTRGV is unique in that it is the first time the UT System has merged existing campuses in such a way. UTRGV will also bring the first medical school to the Rio Grande Valley region. The first class of UTRGV students began courses in fall 2015.

Colleges.

Edinburg is also the home of the Rio Grande Bible Institute located in the South Texas College District.

Primary and secondary education.

Almost all of the city is served by the Edinburg Consolidated Independent School District, comprising four high schools, one alternative secondary school, six middle schools, and 20 elementary schools. A small portion is served by the McAllen Independent School District, including Memorial High School, Cathey Middle School, and McAllen's Gonzalez Elementary.  In addition, the South Texas Independent School District operates magnet schools that serve Edinburg. South Texas Business Education & Technology Academy (BETA) is in Edinburg. Students from Edinburg also have the chance to attend other South Texas ISD schools in Mercedes -South Texas High School for the Medical Professions and The Science Academy of South Texas.  The Catholic Diocese of Brownsville operates St. Joseph Catholic School, an elementary and middle school.

Public libraries.

The city of Edinburg operates the Dustin Michael Sekula Memorial Library.

Museums.

Edinburg is home to the Museum of South Texas History, formerly the Hidalgo County Historical Museum.

Government.

As Edinburg is the county seat of Hidalgo County, most major county offices are located there including the Criminal District Attorney's Office, the District Courts and County Courts at Law of Hidalgo County, the Community Supervision and Corrections Department, the Hidalgo County Juvenile Probation Department, the Hidalgo County Sheriff's Office and the offices of the County Judge, the Tax Assessor/Collector, the County Treasurer, County Auditor and Veterans Services. Hidalgo County Commissioner's Precinct Four represents Edinburg on the Hidalgo County County Commissioner's Court.

Edinburg City Council.

Edinburg City Council meetings are held on the first and third Tuesday of every month starting at 6 p.m in the Edinburg City Hall, Council Chambers. Anyone can attend the meetings and voice any concerns.

State agencies.

Several state agencies have offices in Edinburg. This includes the Thirteenth Court of Appeals, the Texas Attorney General's Child Support Unit, the Texas departments of Health Services, Human Services, Protective and Regulatory Services and Public Safety. The Texas Youth Commission has a facility near Edinburg. The Texas Department of Criminal Justice operates two facilities, the Lopez Unit and the Segovia Unit, in Edinburg.

Federal representation.

The United States Border Patrol Rio Grande Valley Sector Headquarters is at 4400 South Expressway 281, Edinburg, Texas.  The United States Postal Service operates a postal office at 410 S Jackson Road, Edinburg, Texas.

Entertainment and sports.

This city was the home of the Edinburg Roadrunners, an independent league baseball team in the North American League. However, after numerous ownership changes, the team disbanded. Currently, UTRGV is the only major baseball team in Edinburg.  In 2013, the city of Edinburg and the Edinburg Economic Development Corporation announced plans for the construction of an events arena in which the NBA Development League Champions, the Rio Grande Valley Vipers, will be the anchor tenants. The team will also have its practice facility at the Edinburg Sports & Wellness Center under construction. The City also opened a six-city-block stretch of green pedestrian walkway space known as the McIntyre Street Project in April 2014 expected to be the beginning of a proposed arts and restaurant district extending through the heart of Edinburg.  Since 2016, the city has been home to the Rio Grande Valley FC Toros soccer club in the USL Championship, who play at H-E-B Park.  On June 4, 2020, Edinburg received the honor of being the Office Hours podcast "City of the Day". This was widely regarded as the most thrilling moment in the sleepy burg's history since who knows when.

Stadiums and arenas.

Bert Ogden Arena was originally opened in August 2018, is the home for the Rio Grande Valley Vipers of the NBA G League. The capacity for Basketball games is 7,688 and 9,000 for concerts. The construction cost was $88 million.  UTRGV Baseball Stadium commonly known as Edinburg Stadium, the groundbreaking for the stadium took place in 2000 and opened in 2001. The stadium's capacity is 4,000 people. It was the home for the Edinburg Roadrunners from 2001 to 2013. The Edinburg Roadrunners was a member of the United League Baseball 2006 to 2010 and the North American League from 2011 to 2012. The land was owned by the City of Edinburg in years prior to 2014, was donated to the University of Texas System.  H-E-B Park is a 9,700-seat soccer-specific stadium home for the Rio Grande Valley FC Toros of the USL Championship. The construction of the stadium was completed in 2016 and officially opened on March 22, 2017.

Sights.

The Edinburg Scenic Wetlands is one of nine sites of the World Birding Center, a native habitat site and wildlife refuge.

Transportation.

McIntyre Street Project plans also include a bus transportation hub for Valley Metro, the regional transit service.

Airports.

There are two major commercial airports near Edinburg: McAllen Miller International Airport (MFE) at McAllen, 20 minutes from Edinburg and Valley International Airport, (HRL) in Harlingen, 40 minutes from Edinburg. The South Texas International Airport at Edinburg (KEBG) is a public use airport owned and operated by the City of Edinburg.

Media and journalism.

Television stations.

The Edinburg area is served by numerous local television affiliates.

Resources.

Historical Databases.

http://genealogytrails.com/tex/southtexas/hidalgo/  https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hee02  https://mosthistory.org/

Edinburg ( ) is a city in and the county seat of Hidalgo County, Texas, United States. The population was 74,569 as of the 2010 census, and in 2019 the estimated population was 101,170, making it the second largest city in Hidlago County, and the third largest city in the larger Rio Grande Valley region.

Edinburg ist eine Stadt im Hidalgo County im US-Bundesstaat Texas. Sie ist Sitz der County-Verwaltung (County Seat) des Hidalgo Countys. Edinburg liegt nahe der mexikanischen Grenze. Die nächste größere Stadt ist McAllen. Die Stadt ist Sitz der University of Texas–Pan American.


Career.

Karting.

Van der Garde had a successful karting career, winning the Dutch championship in 1998. In Super A he was best rookie in 2001 and world champion in 2002.

Formula Renault.

The following year he joined the Formula Renault 2000 Championship and finished sixth, driving for Dutch team Van Amersfoort Racing. On the strength of his performance he became part of the Renault F1 Driver Development programme.

Formula Three.

He joined the Formula 3 Euro Series in 2004 with Signature-Plus but after finishing the year ninth he was dropped by Renault Driver Development. A move to Team Rosberg for 2005 yielded another ninth in the series.  For 2006 he joined the ASM team, which had dominated the season in 2005 with Lewis Hamilton and Adrian Sutil. The team claimed the top two places in the championship once more in 2006 – but it was Van der Garde's team mates Paul di Resta and Sebastian Vettel who topped the leader board. The Dutchman ended the year sixth with a single victory.

Formula Renault 3.5 Series.

On 17 December 2006 Van der Garde also announced that he would drive in the Formula Renault 3.5 Series for Victory Engineering, a team that works together with Carlin Motorsport.  Van der Garde had podium positions in mind for the season, but even though he was the most consistent driver, always around 6th or 5th, he did not win nor reach the podium. He finished the season 6th, 3rd in the Rookie of the year standings. He received several offers for tests in GP2, from teams like DAMS and Arden International, during which he impressed.  He eventually signed with P1 Motorsport to compete in the 2008 season.  In the first race of the 2008 FR3.5 season in Monza, Van der Garde managed to qualify on pole for the feature race. Due to regulations, he started 8th in the sprint race because of the reverse grid order in the sprint race. He came through the field to clinch victory in the sprint race, and easily converted his pole position into a victory in the feature race to show his fine form in the start of the season.  In the second race at Spa, he narrowly missed out on pole by 0.033 seconds after previously topping the tables at all practice sessions. In the sprint race, Julien Jousse collided into him forcing Van der Garde into retiring from the race. Having qualified second for the feature race, he lost a position at the start. He immediately overtook Mikhail Aleshin on the first lap to regain his position, and later overtook Marco Bonanomi for the lead which he held to the checkered flag.  After this strong start to the season, Van der Garde was never headed in the championship and duly won it with two races remaining.

GP2 Series.

Van der Garde signed to drive for the iSport International team in the 2008–09 GP2 Asia Series season, and in the 2009 GP2 Series season. At the Hungaroring, he took his first victory, in the sprint race. He added two more wins before the end of the season en route to seventh in the championship standings.  He had not been due to compete in the 2009–10 GP2 Asia season, but competed in the second round for Barwa Addax. He drove for the same team in the 2010 GP2 Series season, equalling his seventh place in the drivers' championship, whilst team-mate Sergio Pérez was runner-up.  Van der Garde remained with Barwa Addax for the 2011 GP2 Asia Series season, with Charles Pic replacing the Formula One-bound Pérez as his team-mate. He finished third in the championship, behind Romain Grosjean and Jules Bianchi, and led the main series after two rounds despite not winning a race. He did, however, take his first series pole position and fastest lap at Catalunya. He originally took pole position for the Monaco round as well, but was then penalised for an incident in qualifying. He took no points from the weekend and lost his championship lead to Grosjean, who eventually secured the title with one round of the series remaining. He held second place in the championship until the last round of the season at Monza, where he had a disastrous weekend and slipped back to fifth in the standings, behind Luca Filippi, Bianchi and Pic.  As part of his deal to become the Caterham Formula One team's reserve driver, Van der Garde joined the marque's GP2 team for the 2012 season, alongside Rodolfo González. He returned to the winner's circle with race victories at Catalunya and Singapore, but again was not consistent enough to mount a championship challenge, finishing sixth in the points standings.  On 9 February 2015, Van der Garde returned to this series for testing, racking up over 350 km at the Circuit Ricardo Tormo. He drove for Campos Racing (previously known as Addax), for the first time.

Formula One.

2006 saw Van der Garde being brought into the McLaren Young Drivers Programme.  On 15 December 2006 Van der Garde was confirmed as the Super Aguri Formula One team's test and reserve driver for the 2007 season.  On 1 February 2007 Van der Garde was unexpectedly announced by Spyker F1 as the team's test and reserve driver. On 2 February 2007 Super Aguri confirmed their belief their existing contract with Van der Garde was still in force, stating "Super Aguri F1 Team has a valid contract with Giedo van der Garde to drive for the team in the position of Friday and Test Driver for the 2007 FIA Formula One World Championship. The contract was submitted by the SAF1 Team to the Contracts Recognition Board on 23rd January 2007." However, on 20 June 2007 Van der Garde tested at Silverstone with Spyker, indicating the contract dispute had been resolved. Spyker originally intended Van der Garde to be the team's Friday driver at the Australian Grand Prix, but he failed to obtain the necessary superlicence from the FIA in time.  Van der Garde was a candidate to race in Formula One for Virgin in 2011, but that seat eventually went to Belgian Jérôme d'Ambrosio.

Caterham (2013).

On 4 February 2012, it was announced that Van der Garde would be Reserve Driver for Caterham F1 for the 2012 Formula One season. Van der Garde's first Friday practice session came at the 2012 Chinese Grand Prix; he went on to complete 6 Friday practice sessions throughout the 2012 season.  On 1 February 2013, Van der Garde's management announced that he would drive for Caterham as their second driver for the 2013 Formula One season, next to Charles Pic. Van der Garde finished his first Formula One race with an 18th place at the 2013 Australian Grand Prix.  At the 2013 Monaco Grand Prix, Van der Garde achieved Caterham's highest ever qualifying place with a P15, this was also the first time that a Caterham made it to Q2 in the 2013 season. Van der Garde equalled his career best 15th during the race despite an early collision with Williams F1 driver Pastor Maldonado. He later improved on this performance by finishing 14th during the 2013 Hungarian Grand Prix, ahead of his teammate Pic as well as Marussia drivers Jules Bianchi and Max Chilton.  He then bested his previous best qualifying position at the 2013 Belgian Grand Prix by qualifying 14th after electing to go on slicks on a continuously drying track, having finished the Q1 session in 3rd place after adopting a similar strategy. But despite a good start that saw him remain in touch with the more established teams for the first few laps, he was unable to improve upon his grid position and finished 16th, a lap down on the leaders.  On 21 January 2014, it was announced that Van der Garde had joined Sauber F1 Team as a reserve and test driver for the 2014 season. He took part in the first free practice session in seven of the season's Grands Prix in this role.

Sauber (2014–15).

During events that became public in 2015, Van der Garde has claimed that, although in June 2014 he was guaranteed a position as one of the Sauber's two nominated race drivers for the Formula One season, by November 2014, the team informed him that he was no longer required. The team instead announced Marcus Ericsson and Felipe Nasr as their race drivers for the 2015 season, causing Van der Garde to file an international arbitration complaint with the Swiss Chambers’ Arbitration Institution in December 2014.  On 2 March 2015, the Swiss Chambers’ Arbitration Institution released a partial award upholding Van der Garde's contract and ordering Sauber to "refrain from taking any action the effect of which would be to deprive Mr. van der Garde of his entitlement to participate in the 2015 Formula One Season as one of Sauber's two nominated race drivers."  On 5 March 2015, through his management company, Van der Garde then filed an application in an Australian Court to enforce the Swiss award. In this instance, Australia was the appropriate jurisdiction as it was the location of the first F1 Grand Prix for the season. The court permitted Sauber's new drivers, Ericsson and Nasr (who were not parties to the Swiss arbitration), to be represented and heard.  On 11 March 2015, Van der Garde obtained Court orders enforcing his Swiss award thus compelling Sauber to permit Van der Garde to participate at the Australian Grand Prix held in Melbourne, with F1 sessions scheduled from Friday, 13 to Sunday, 15 March. Sauber's response was to appeal that decision and publicly announce that they would not compromise the safety of the team or other drivers by putting Van der Garde in the car, because the Sauber C34 chassis had been tailored to fit Ericsson and Nasr who, through their lawyers, also joined in the appeal.  The appeal was heard the following day, on Thursday, 12 March 2015, at which time Sauber also argued that Van der Garde's contract had been terminated by the team in February with the approval of the FIA's Contract Recognition Board and that Van der Garde violated the confidentiality clauses of the contract by discussing it with the media. Lawyers representing Ericsson and Nasr further argued that Van der Garde had not followed due process by failing to give prior notice of his legal action until after it was instituted. That appeal, however, was dismissed with the court upholding the previous order for Sauber to allow Van der Garde be allowed to participate in that weekend's race. Further, the court adjourned the hearing until the following day to hear submissions on contempt of court proceedings brought by Van der Garde's lawyers against Sauber's team principal, Monisha Kaltenborn.  Due to the risk of having its assets seized for disobeying court orders, Sauber opted to abort participation in Friday morning's first practice session for the Australian Grand Prix. Nevertheless, based on media speculation about Bernie Ecclestone's intervention to avoid further negative publicity on the sport, Ericsson and Nasr did participate in Friday afternoon's second practice session.  On Saturday, 14 March 2015, the dispute reached a temporary resolution thanks to Van der Garde announcing that he would forego racing in Melbourne, with a view to finding a more permanent solution in the future. The Sauber team and its new drivers for 2015, Ericsson and Nasr, were thus able to complete the Australian Grand Prix's Saturday qualifying session and Sunday race.  On 18 March 2015, Van der Garde confirmed that he and Sauber had reached a settlement after he relinquished, once and for all, his rights to race in F1 with the team. In return for termination of the contract by mutual consent, it is reported that Van der Garde received compensation in the amount of USD$16 million. The controversy, however, continued thanks to a statement released by Van der Garde revealing further background and indicating that his intention had also been that of promoting the rights of racing drivers whose contracts are often not honoured. In response, the Sauber team expressed surprise at Van der Garde's post-settlement statement opting to not comment further on the matter.

Post-Sauber (2015–).

In April 2015, Van der Garde's manager downplayed rumours of a return to Formula 1 during that season, with Manor Marussia, adding that the focus was for a 2016 race seat in DTM or LMP1.

Racing record.

Career summary.

As Van der Garde was a guest driver, he was ineligible for points.

Complete Formula Renault 3.5 Series results.

Driver did not finish the race, but was classified as he completed more than 90% of the race distance.

Complete FIA World Endurance Championship results.

Season still in progress.

Personal life.

In December 2013, Van der Garde married his long-time girlfriend Denise Boekhoorn, daughter of Dutch businessman and investor Marcel Boekhoorn, at a ceremony in Zwolle, Netherlands.

Giedo van der Garde (born Giedo Gijsbertus Gerrit van der Garde; 25 April 1985 in Rhenen, Netherlands) is a Dutch racing driver, currently competing in the FIA World Endurance Championship for Racing Team Nederland in the LMP2 class. He drove for the Caterham F1 team in 2013 and joined Sauber as a reserve driver in 2014.

Giedo van der Garde (* 25. April 1985 in Rhenen) ist ein niederländischer Automobilrennfahrer. Er gewann 2008 den Meistertitel der Formel Renault 3.5. Er fuhr von 2009 bis 2012 in der GP2-Serie. 2013 trat er in der Formel 1 an.


Winners and nominees.

The nominees for the 79th Academy Awards were announced on January 23, 2007, at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly Hills, California, by Sid Ganis, president of the Academy, and the actress Salma Hayek. "Dreamgirls" received the most nominations with eight, and "Babel" came in second with seven. This marked the first and only occurrence that the film with the most nominations was not a Best Picture nominee. This year was the third (and, to date, last) year in which two films "not" nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner—"Dreamgirls" and "Pan's Labyrinth", with eight and six, respectively. This had previously occurred at the 5th and 25th Academy Awards.  The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on February 25, 2007. With his latest unsuccessful nomination for Best Actor, Peter O'Toole became the most nominated performer without a competitive win. Another oddity in the Best Actor category is that four of the five nominees were in films nominated only in that category (the exception being Leonardo DiCaprio for "Blood Diamond"). This resulted in the only year since the 1st Academy Awards where none of the Best Actor nominees were in films nominated for Best Picture and the first time since the 6th Academy Awards where none of the nominees were in films in which their screenplays were nominated. Best Supporting Actress winner Jennifer Hudson was the fifteenth Oscar acting winner to win for a debut film performance. "I Need to Wake Up" from "An Inconvenient Truth" became the first song from a documentary film to win Best Original Song.

Awards.

Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger ().

Films with multiple nominations and awards.

The following 19 films received multiple nominations:  The following five films received multiple awards:

Presenters and performers.

The following individuals presented awards or performed musical numbers.

Ceremony information.

Because of the declining viewership of recent Academy Awards ceremonies, producer Gil Cates declined to helm the upcoming festivities. The Academy sought ideas to revamp the show while renewing interest with the nominated films. In September 2006, the Academy selected producer Laura Ziskin to oversee production of the telecast for a second time. Nearly three months later, actress and comedian Ellen DeGeneres, who had previously emceed three Primetime Emmy Award ceremonies between 2001 and 2005, was chosen as host of the 2007 ceremony. In an article published in the "Los Angeles Times", Ziskin explained the decision to hire DeGeneres saying "Certainly, I believe the presence of Ellen will help the ratings absolutely. She's popular with a very wide audience. She is not a niche performer. She touches a lot of demographics."  AMPAS christened this year's telecast with a theme celebrating movie quotes. In tandem with the theme, advertising agency TBWA\Chiat\Day designed the official ceremony poster featuring 75 quotes from several Oscar-nominated or winning films. To stir interest surrounding the awards, filmmaker Spike Lee released a trailer featuring everyday people around New York City reciting famous film lines. During the ceremony, a montage produced by director Nancy Meyers saluted the work of screenwriters and their contributions to film.  During the telecast, former U.S. Vice President and environmental activist Al Gore, and Best Actor nominee Leonardo DiCaprio announced that AMPAS would incorporate several environmentally and ecologically conscious features into the ceremony. Designed by Frank Webb and Matthew White, the "Architectural Digest" greenroom where presenters and winners mingled backstage featured several environmentally friendly features such as a rug made of recycled plastic bottles and walls painted without any volatile organic compounds. Other eco-friendly features included the transportation for guests of the awards via hybrid electric vehicles, usage of recyclable paper for ballots and invitations, and serving meals at the Governor's Ball on reusable plates and biodegradable dishware.  Several other people participated in the production of the ceremony. William Ross served as musical director for the ceremony. J. Michael Riva designed a new set and stage design for the ceremony. Voice actor Don LaFontaine was hired with Gina Tuttle as announcers for the telecast. Actor Greg Vaughan and "Lucky" columnist Allyson Waterman co-hosted "Road to the Oscars", a weekly behind-the-scenes video blog on the Oscar ceremony website. Members of the dance troupe and contortionist group Pilobolus performed interpretive shadow figures representing scenes and logos from the nominated films. Actors Jack Black, Will Ferrell, and John C. Reilly performed a lighthearted musical number written by comedic director Judd Apatow and music composer Marc Shaiman satirizing comedy's lack of recognition at the Academy Awards. Conducted by musician Steve Sidwell, the Sound Effects Choir performed voice effects to a montage of classic films. Another vignette directed by documentary filmmaker Errol Morris featuring several Oscar nominees discussing what it means to be an Oscar nominee was shown at the beginning of the show. Italian director Giuseppe Tornatore assembled a tribute highlighting previous winners of the Best Foreign Language Film. Filmmaker Michael Mann produced a montage highlighting American life through the eyes of cinema.

Box office performance of nominated films.

At the time of the nominations announcement on January 23, the combined gross of the five Best Picture nominees was $244 million with an average of $48.7 million per film. "The Departed" was the highest earner among the Best Picture nominees with $121.7 million in domestic box office receipts. The film was followed by "Little Miss Sunshine" ($59.6 million), "The Queen" ($35.6 million), "Babel" ($23.7 million) and finally "Letters from Iwo Jima" ($2.4 million).  Of the top 50 grossing movies of the year, 29 nominations went to nine films on the list. Only "The Pursuit of Happyness" (12th), "Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan" (15th), "The Devil Wears Prada" (16th), "The Departed" (17th) and "Dreamgirls" (28th) were nominated for Best Picture, Best Animated Feature or any of the directing, acting or screenwriting awards. The other top 50 box office hits that earned nominations were "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest" (1st), "Cars" (2nd), "Superman Returns" (6th) and "Happy Feet" (8th).

Critical reviews.

The show received a mixed reception from media publications. Some media outlets were more critical of the show. Tim Goodman of the "San Francisco Chronicle" lamented, "It was long. It was flat. And it was bloated. Worst of all, it was boring." He also wrote that "it was difficult for Ellen's subtle rambling to translate because people want pop and humor and declarative sentences in their Academy Awards. Which they didn't exactly get." "The Denver Post" television critic Joanne Ostrow bemoaned, "Pleasant and innocuous but hardly exciting, DeGeneres forgot the primary Academy Award host directive: It's not about the host. Hollywood's biggest night (and television's second-biggest annual gathering, after the Super Bowl) is a celebration of film." "The Washington Post" columnist Tom Shales gave an average review for DeGeneres but criticized the overall slow and choppy pacing of the program noting that it was "punishingly too long."  Other media outlets received the broadcast more positively. Columnist Alessandra Stanley of "The New York Times" lauded DeGeneres's performance writing that she was "cheeky but good-natured, far less barbed and sardonic than Jon Stewart last year or Chris Rock in 2005." She added that her style brought a "casual Friday mood to Fancy Sunday." "St. Louis Post-Dispatch" television critic Gail Pennington praised host DeGeneres and producer Ziskin for turning "the evening into an upbeat celebration––and the most entertaining Oscars in years." Television editor Dave Kronke of the "Los Angeles Daily News" gave high marks for DeGeneres commenting, "Her material was amusing but scarcely a laugh riot, yet it was amiable and delineated that the evening was a celebration of all the nominees, not just the winners."

Ratings and reception.

The American telecast on ABC drew in an average of 39.92 million people over its length, which was a 2.5% increase from the previous year's ceremony. An estimated 76.72 million total viewers watched all or part of the awards. The show also drew higher Nielsen ratings compared to the previous ceremony with 23.59% of households watching over a 38.86 share. In addition, the program scored a higher 18-49 demo rating with a 14.18 rating over a 33.71 share among viewers in that demographic.  In July 2007, the ceremony presentation received nine nominations at the 59th Primetime Emmys. Two months later, the ceremony won two of those nominations for Outstanding Art Direction (J. Michael Riva, Geoffrey Richman, and Tamlyn Wright) and Outstanding Music Direction (William Ross).

"In Memoriam".

The annual "In Memoriam" tribute, presented by actress Jodie Foster, honored the following people:  Before the montage was shown, Foster briefly eulogized casting director and Oscar winner Randy Stone who died nearly two weeks before the ceremony.

The 79th Academy Awards ceremony, presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), honored the best films of 2006 and took place February 25, 2007, at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood, Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST. During the ceremony, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presented Academy Awards (commonly referred to as Oscars) in 24 categories. The ceremony, televised in the United States by ABC, was produced by Laura Ziskin and directed by Louis J. Horvitz. Actress Ellen DeGeneres hosted for the first time. Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills, California held on February 10, the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Maggie Gyllenhaal.

Die Oscarverleihung 2007 fand am 25. Februar 2007 im Kodak Theatre in Los Angeles statt. Es waren die "79th Annual Academy Awards". Im Jahr der Oscar-Verleihung werden immer Filme ausgezeichnet, die im vergangenen Jahr angelaufen sind, in diesem Fall also die Filme des Jahres 2006.


Ship history.

"Stethem" is the 13th "Arleigh Burke"-class Aegis destroyer. Construction of "Stethem" began on 18 May 1992 with the ship's keel being laid down at the Ingalls Shipbuilding Division of Litton Industries in Pascagoula, Mississippi on 11 May 1993. She was launched on 17 June 1994 and was christened on 16 July 1994 by Mrs. Patricia L. Stethem, the mother of the ship's namesake. The vessel then transited the Panama Canal and was officially commissioned on 21 October 1995 at the Naval Construction Battalion Center Port Hueneme. On 15 February 1996 she successfully completed her Post Delivery Test and Trials and was thus cleared for combat operations.

1996: Rescue mission.

On 23 November 1996 the ship was diverted for a Search and Rescue mission to recover survivors from a downed U.S. Air Force C-130 off the coast of northern California. In the company of two smaller boats "Stethem" patrolled the area around the crash for some twenty hours while engaged in recovery efforts, which earned the destroyer the U.S. Coast Guard Meritorious Unit Commendation Medal. She was additionally recognized for her achievements during her first year of service by earning the 1996 Destroyer Squadron Twenty-One Battle Efficiency Award.

1997: First deployment.

On 4 April 1997 "Stethem" set sail for the Persian Gulf on her maiden overseas deployment, reporting for duty in Bahrain on 3 July. During the next three months she served in a variety of roles including the primary Air Warfare Commander, Surface Warfare Commander, Ready Strike Platform, and LINK Coordinator. She also provided support to both the and the Carrier Battle Groups (CBG) and several U.S. Air Force aircraft engaged in Operation Southern Watch. She also supported the United Nations Security Council resolutions against Iraq by conducting some 54 boardings and inspections of suspected sanctions violators.  "Stethem"s port visits during her deployment included Singapore, Malaysia, Bahrain, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, Perth and Sydney. She finally returned to San Diego on 7 November 1997 to begin an inter-deployment training cycle, the second one undertaken by the ship.  Beginning with a Command Assessment of Readiness for Training (CART II) in May 1998, "Stethem"s crew trained in combat systems, navigation, engineering, mobility, damage control, and logistics management.

1999: Second deployment.

"Stethem" began her second deployment to the Persian Gulf 16 April 1999, sailing as part of the Middle East Force 99-2. After port visits to Guam, Saipan, Singapore, and Thailand, she reported for duty in the Persian Gulf conducting freedom of navigation operations and maritime interception operations. During her 76 days on station she served as an Air Warfare Commander, a Ready Strike Platform, and a Force Over-The-Horizon Track Coordinator. "Stethem" also had the opportunity to support the CBG as a carrier escort and a plane guard. After serving as command ship for Northern Persian Gulf Maritime Interception Operations for a second time, she transited the Strait of Hormuz on 13 August, and arrived home in San Diego 4 October 1999.  In January 2000, "Stethem" was honored for her achievements and was once more awarded with the 1999 Destroyer Squadron Twenty-One Battle Efficiency Award. She was the recipient of the Raytheon CIWS Award, the Pacific Force Retention Award, and the Safety Award.  In mid-September 2000, during a port visit in San Francisco, "Stethem" was called out to sea by the Joint Interagency Task Force West to escort the fishing vessel "Gran Tauro" to San Diego. "Gran Tauro" had been caught with over five metric tons of uncut cocaine aboard, with a total net worth of over $500 million. After completing this escort the ship returned to conducting final preparations for her next deployment.

2001: Third deployment.

On 13 January 2001 she departed on her third deployment to the Persian Gulf, this time as part of MEF 01-1. After port visits to Hawaii, Guam, Oman, Darwin and Cairns, Australia, American Samoa, Singapore, and Thailand, "Stethem" reported to the United States Fifth Fleet on 28 February 2001. During her 68 days on station in the Persian Gulf she conducted maritime interception operations, served as the Air Warfare Commander, supported Operation Southern Watch, served as a Ready Strike Platform, and participated in two international naval exercises; Exercise Arabian Gauntlet and Exercise Neon Falcon. During her maritime interception operations "Stethem" successfully intercepted the motor vessel "Diamond", which resulted in the third largest arrest of an oil-smuggling sanctions violator since the Persian Gulf War. "Stethem" also escorted the aircraft carrier through the Strait of Hormuz on 27 April before departing for the United States. The ship arrived home in San Diego on 28 June 2001.

9/11 and maintenance.

After a Post-Overseas Movement Stand-down, "Stethem" supported the aircraft carrier and her Carrier Battle Group as an opposing force during their final battle problem. In early September she went through U.S. Navy Board of Inspection and Survey inspections (INSURV). She was conducting her INSURV on 11 September 2001 when terrorists attacked New York City and Washington, D.C., and shortly thereafter, "Stethem" was called into station in support of Operation Noble Eagle and tasked with conducting air surveillance of the approaches to San Diego and providing air defense coverage to shipping.  On 30 September 2001, "Stethem" entered into drydock for her third Selective Restricted Availability (SRA) at the Southwest Marine and Continental Maritime shipyards in San Diego. The purpose of this nine-week availability was the installation of equipment enhancements and quality of life upgrades. "Stethem" was also selected for the testing of the Tactical Tomahawk Weapons Control System (TTWCS). She departed drydock on 30 October 2001, and was again moved to the Continental Maritime Shipyard in San Diego. Her return to Naval Station San Diego on 6 December 2001 marked the end of the 9.4 million dollar refurbishment and refitting period. The destroyer got underway the following week to begin the work up for her next deployment, and on 14 December, she began her holiday leave and stand down period.

2002: Fourth deployment and periodic training.

The crew assembled in mid-January 2002 to continue efforts in support of her Inter-Deployment Training Cycle (IDTC) and Tactical Tomahawk testing. In early February, "Stethem" anchored off the coast of Puerto Vallarta, Mexico; this was the first foreign port visit by any U.S. naval combatant since the terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001.  In the ensuing months "Stethem" embarked on her third Inter-Deployment Training Cycle and served as Command Destroyer, Squadron 23's flagship throughout the month of February. In March, "Stethem" completed the Command Assessment of Readiness for Training II (CART II). Between the weeks of 1 April and 3 May 2002, "Stethem" completed the Tailored Ship's Training Availability period. On 6 May "Stethem" served as the opposition forces for the Carrier Battle Group's Joint Task Force Exercise (JTFEX).  In early June 2002, "Stethem" earned her seventh Engineering Command excellence award as a result of her performance during the Engineering Underway Demonstration. Starting 8 July, she commenced a five-day supply management assessment which was upgraded to an inspection because of her exemplary combat logistics readiness. Returning to the site of her commissioning at the end of July, "Stethem" took part in the 60th Anniversary of Seabee Days in Port Hueneme, California, in honor of her namesake. She then transited to Everett, Washington, embarked families and friends for the short transit to participate in the Seattle Seafair festival. On 12 September 2002, "Stethem" was chosen to lead the Parade of Sail into San Diego Bay. In the beginning of October, "Stethem" docked at Broadway Pier as part of San Diego's Fleet Week celebration. While at Broadway Pier, "Stethem" hosted the first public Navy ship tours in San Diego since the 11 September attacks. Soon afterward, on 16 October, "Stethem" successfully launched the first Tomahawk Cruise Missile using the new Tactical Tomahawk Weapons Control System (TTWCS). At the end of October, "Stethem" once again played the role of opposition force, this time for the CBG.  In January 2003, "Stethem" played the opposition force role for the CBG. On 5 February 2003, "Stethem" returned to Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, for another port visit. Working with the San Diego and Puerto Vallarta Navy League Chapters, "Stethem" delivered medical equipment for distribution to handicapped residents of Puerto Vallarta. The crew also painted the local library frequented by many of Puerto Vallarta's school children. On 5 April 2003, "Stethem" successfully performed the first ever surface ship launch of a Block IV Tactical Tomahawk cruise missile, bringing it one step closer to fleet introduction. This was followed up on 8 May with the first surface ship launch of a Block IV Tactical Tomahawk cruise missile with a live warhead. After the missile left the launcher, "Stethem"s strike team became the first to demonstrate Tactical Tomahawk's post launch execution capability when they redirected the missile in flight. Both the team and the missile performed without error, destroying the intended target on San Clemente Island after over 2 hours and 700 miles of missile flight. On 14 May 2003, after a two-week intermediate maintenance availability, "Stethem" sailed in support of a different kind of missile-firing exercise. During this exercise "Stethem"s air warfare team engaged two airborne targets with Standard Missiles. After this successful engagement, "Stethem" celebrated by transiting north to make post calls at Juneau, Alaska and Victoria, British Columbia.  Returning from her trek up North in June, "Stethem" rested for one week and then put back to sea to serve as the opposition force against Pacific Fleet's first Expeditionary Strike Group, which was headed up by amphibious assault ship.

2017: Man overboard.

On 2 July 2017, "Stethem" sailed within 12 nautical miles of Triton Island in the South China Sea while conducting freedom of navigation exercises.  On 1 August 2017, while on routine patrol 140 miles west of Subic Bay, Philippines, one of "Stethem"s sailors was reported missing and presumed to have gone overboard. U.S. Navy and Military Sealift Command ships were joined by ships and aircraft from the navies of China and Japan in an extensive search and rescue effort. On 4 August 2017, after searching for 79 hours and covering 10,000 square miles without success, the search was called off.

USS "Stethem" (DDG-63) is an in the United States Navy. The ship was built in Pascagoula, Mississippi, starting on 11 May 1993. She was commissioned on 21 October 1995. She is part of the Pacific Fleet, assigned to Destroyer Squadron 15. "Stethem" is named for Steelworker 2nd Class Robert Stethem, who was a Navy sailor killed by terrorists onboard TWA 847 in Beirut, Lebanon in 1985.

Die USS Stethem (DDG-63) ist ein Zerstörer der "Arleigh-Burke-Klasse". Die United States Navy benannte das Schiff nach Petty Officer Robert Stethem, der bei der Entführung von TWA-Flug 847 getötet wurde.


Major Competitions History.

In 1956 Winter Olympics she won the silver medal in the giant slalom event. In the slalom competition she finished fifth and had a 13th-place finish in the downhill contest.  Four years later, at the Squaw Valley, California Winter Olympics, she finished 16th in the 1960 slalom event, 21st in the giant slalom competition, and 39th in the downhill contest.  Frandl was disappointed with these results. She explained that she had been on the top of her form in the events leading up to the Olympics and expected to place well. There was very little snow in the Sierras until just before the Olympics. Finally, the area received a good snowfall, just in time to keep the events from being cancelled or postponed.  Frandl and some of her friends and teammates went out to ski the fresh powder snow. Unfortunately, while coming down one run, the tip of one of Frandl's skis went under a log hidden just under the newly fallen snow. Her shin hit the log hard, scraping it and straining her leg. Frandl believed that the injury possibly prevented her from winning another Olympic Medal.  Frandl had excellent results at the 1958 World Championships, with a Silver in Slalom and Bronze in the Combined.

Personal life.

After retiring Frandl worked as a ski instructor in Austria. In one of her classes she met US Air Force officer Patrick Crotty. They eventually married and had three children, Monica, Patrick Jr., and Joseph.  Patrick's career took Putzi and their family to many places, and whenever there was a ski resort close enough Putzi would teach skiing. Among the places she taught were Mad River Mountain and Copper Mountain. She worked at Copper during the 2008-2009 season but decided to concentrate on her "second love", tennis in 2009-2010. She lives in Centennial, Colorado.

Josefine "Putzi" Frandl (later "Crotty", born July 5, 1930) is an Austrian former alpine ski racer. She was among the world's best ski racers in the mid-1950s. She competed in the 1956 Winter Olympics, the 1958 Alpine World Ski Championships and the 1960 Winter Olympics.

Josefa „Putzi“ Frandl, auch: "Josefin(e) Frandl", verheiratete "Crotty" (* 5. Juli 1930 in Mandling, Gemeinde Radstadt, Land Salzburg) ist eine ehemalige österreichische Skirennläuferin. Sie feierte ab Mitte der 1950er-Jahre zahlreiche Siege in internationalen Rennen, gewann die Silbermedaille im Riesenslalom der Olympischen Winterspiele 1956, insgesamt drei Weltmeisterschaftsmedaillen und vier österreichische Meistertitel. Nach Ende ihrer aktiven Karriere im Jahr 1960 übersiedelte sie in die Vereinigten Staaten, wo sie bis ins hohe Alter als Skilehrerin arbeitete.


Current models.

Bufori Geneva (2010 – present).

A four-door car defined as a "Luxury Saloon", which was introduced at the 2010 Geneva Motor Show (hence its name). It features a 6.1L Chrysler V8 engine producing 430 hp. The powertrain was later on updated to a 6.4L V8 producing 470 hp. The interior of the car is highly customisable. The rear centre console can accommodate an automatic coffee machine, a Chinese tea set with instant boiling water, a fridge, a cigar humidor or a mini-bar. The rear lounge seats are electrically adjustable and feature heating & cooling as well as a pneumatic massage device. The seatback trays are electrically actuated. The rear doors are rear-hinged (so-called "coach doors") and can be closed electrically by the press of a button. The car is also equipped with a thermal night-vision camera and an adjustable air suspension.

Bufori BMS R1 (2009 – present).

The Bufori BMS R1 is the race derivative of the Bufori CS road car that is still to be launched. The car is a joint effort between Bufori Motor Sports (BMS) and Axle Motorsports. The BMS R1 made its global racing debut at the 2009 Macau Grand Prix with Alex Yoong as its driver.

Bufori La Joya (2004 – present).

Two-seat coupe; 2.7L, V6, EFI, quad cam, water-cooled, mid-mounted engine; rear wheel drive; tiptronic transmission, 4-wheel independent suspension, Carbon Fibre and Kevlar composite body, spaceframe chassis, ABS, EBD, traction control, cruise control, Bluetooth set, tyre pressure monitoring system.

Former models.

Bufori MK II – Series 1 and Series 2 (1992–2003).

Two- and 2+2-seat convertible with soft top or removable hard top; 1.8 – 2.2L, 4 cylinder, DOHC, EFI, water-cooled, rear-mounted Subaru boxer engine; rear wheel drive; automatic or manual transmission; 4-wheel independent suspension.

Bufori V6i (1992–1994).

2+2-seat convertible with retractable soft top; 3.8L, Buick V6, EFI, water-cooled, front-mounted engine; rear wheel drive; 4-wheel independent suspension.

Bufori MK I (1988–1992).

Two-seat convertible with soft top; 1.6 – 2.1L, 4 cylinder, rear-mounted, twin carb, air-cooled, rear-mounted boxer engine; rear-wheel drive, automatic or manual transmission; 4-wheel independent suspension.

Bufori Madison (1986–1988).

Two-seat convertible with soft top; 1.6L, 4 cylinder, rear-mounted, air-cooled boxer engine; rear-wheel drive; manual transmission; 4-wheel independent suspension.

Bufori is a brand of hand-built automobiles inspired by American 1930s coupes. The company is owned by three Australian Lebanese brothers Anthony, George and Gerry Khouri. In 1986, Gerry Khouri began to build three special sports cars in his garage, one each for the three brothers, which led to the formation of the company. The name "Bufori" is an acronym that stands for B – Beautiful, U – Unique, F – Funtastic, O – Original, R – Romantic, I – Irresistible.

Bufori Motor Car Company (M) Sdn Bhd ist der Name eines malaiischen Automobilherstellers. Ähnlich wie Excalibur und Zimmer hat sich Bufori auf die Nachbildung von Luxuslimousinen der 1930er Jahre spezialisiert. Der Markenname "Bufori" ist ein Akronym aus B wie brillant, U wie unique, F wie funtastic, O wie original, R wie romantic und I wie irresistible (dt. brillant, einzigartig, original, romantisch und unwiderstehlich) und soll nach italienischer Eleganz klingen.