Plot.

In 1937 Tanganyika territory, Africa, eight-year-old Jill Young is living with her father on his ranch. While in her yard, two Africans come by with an orphaned baby gorilla; Jill so wants a pet that she trades her toys and money for him, vowing to always care for the gorilla.  Twelve years later, Max O'Hara and sidekick Gregg are on a trip to Africa looking for animals to headline in O'Hara's new Hollywood nightclub. The two men have captured several lions and are about to leave when gorilla Joe Young appears, now tall and weighing. When a caged lion bites Joe's fingers, he goes on a rampage. Visualizing Joe as their big nightclub attraction, Max and Gregg try to rope him, but he throws both men from their horses and breaks free of their ropes. A grown Jill Young arrives, calming Joe down. She is furious with both men and storms off with Joe.  Both later meet with Jill, and Gregg becomes hopelessly smitten with her. Having now calmed down, Jill hears out Max's nightclub proposal, as Gregg also tries to dissuade her. Max tells her that she and Joe will be a huge Hollywood hit and will be rich within weeks. Needing the proffered income, she agrees to take Joe to Hollywood.  On the crowded opening night, on stage Joe lifts a large platform above his head, holding a piano with Jill playing it. Following that, Joe has a tug of war with "the 10 strongest men in the world", which he easily wins. Famous Italian heavyweight boxer Primo Carnera tries to box with him, but Joe playfully tosses him into the audience; laughter follows.  Joe's popularity grows, and by the 10th week he is Hollywood's biggest nightclub attraction. Joe and Jill, however, are beginning to miss Africa; Jill tells Max and Gregg that she is having second thoughts. Gregg tries to convince Max to let them go, but thinking only about more profit, he is able to talk her into staying.  By the 17th week, Joe is miserable; he has grown tired of performing and is homesick. To make matters worse, his next act is a humiliating performance playing an organ grinder with Jill, acting as a little girl, turning the handle. When a thrown bottle strikes Joe, his rage surfaces, roaring at the crowd, while Jill shouts for the audience to stop. Later, during dinner, Gregg and Jill express their feelings for one another, with Gregg agreeing to return with her to Africa.  In his cage, an unhappy Joe tries to ignore three drunks who have sneaked backstage; they offer Joe an open whiskey bottle, and he becomes intoxicated after two more open bottles are consumed. Taunting him, the drunks burn Joe's fingers with a cigarette lighter. Roaring with pain and rage, he breaks out, smashing through a nearby wall and wrecking the nightclub's interior. He also smashes the glass of the lion habitat, allowing the lions to escape into the crowded nightclub, where Joe beats down several of them. Jill and Gregg return and find the nightclub in chaos. Jill manages to get Joe back to his cage, while arriving police shoot the remaining lions.  A court decree orders Joe be shot, and Jill's pleas to save his life are denied. Gregg, O'Hara, and Jill devise a plan to get Joe out of California using a moving van, then a cargo ship. When Joe's executioners arrive, they find his cage empty and themselves locked inside the nightclub. As the van is leaving, Joe is spotted by an itinerant worker, who is later questioned by police. On the way to the ship, police spot the moving van and give chase, but Joe has been cleverly transferred to a covered truck; the moving van, driven by Max, is just a decoy. The police eventually stop the van and arrest Max.  Driven by Gregg and carrying Joe and Jill, the truck gets stuck in heavy mud. With Jill's encouragement, Joe pushes the truck free, and the police then get stuck in the same mud as the truck drives away. Before reaching port, they witness a tall orphanage engulfed in flames.  Jill and Gregg help the caretakers save the children. They escort most of the children, but the flames spread quickly, and a last group, along with Jill and Gregg, are trapped on the top story. At Jill's urging, Joe braves the raging fire by climbing an adjacent tall tree, carrying Jill to safety, while Gregg lowers each child by rope to the ground. One child is left behind, so Joe climbs up again, grabbing the little girl, then he and Gregg climb down. A wall of the burning orphanage collapses as they near the ground, nearly killing Joe and the little girl. Max assures Jill that, because of Joe's heroism, his life will now be spared.  Much later, Max receives home movies from his friends. Jill and Gregg, now married and living on their ranch with Joe, who has made it safely back to Africa. Joe waves "goodbye", along with Jill and Gregg, to Max.

Cast.

Uncredited performances with dialogue:

Production.

Willis O'Brien, who created the animation for "King Kong", was the supervisor of the film's stop-motion animation special effects. Ray Harryhausen was hired in 1947 on his first film assignment as an assistant animator to O'Brien. O'Brien, however, ended up concentrating on solving the various technical problems of the production, delegating most of the actual animation to Harryhausen; Pete Peterson and Marcel Delgado also animated a few sequences in the film.  The models (constructed by Kong's builder Marcel Delgado) and animation are more sophisticated than in "King Kong", containing more subtle gestures and even some comedic elements, such as a chase scene where Joe is riding in the back of a speeding truck and spits at his pursuers. Despite this increased technical sophistication, this film, like "King Kong", features some serious scale issues, with Joe noticeably changing size between many shots (the title character is not supposed to be as large as Kong, perhaps 10–12 feet tall). Harryhausen attributed these lapses to producer Cooper, who insisted Joe appear larger in some scenes for dramatic effect.  Buoyed by the enormous success of "King Kong" in 1933 and its profitable theatrical reissues in 1938, 1942, and 1946, RKO had great hopes for "Mighty Joe Young". Upon its release in 1949, the film was honored with an Academy Award for Special Effects (a category that did not exist in 1933 for "King Kong"). The film was unsuccessful at the box office and recorded a loss of $675,000. As a result, plans to produce a sequel (tentatively titled "Joe Meets Tarzan") were quickly dropped.  The film has become a stop-motion animation classic. Special effects artists consider it highly influential, with the elaborate orphanage rescue sequence lauded as one of the great stop-motion sequences in film history. It was remade in 1998 with Charlize Theron playing Jill, Bill Paxton as Greg, and creature suit performer John Alexander as the title character. Joe was created through a mixture of gorilla suits and full-sized animatronics created by Rick Baker and digital effects by DreamQuest Images and Industrial Light & Magic.

Reception.

Film critic Thomas M. Pryor in his review for "The New York Times" said that Merian Cooper and Ernest Schoedsack, as producer and director, "... are endeavoring to make all the world love, or at the very least feel a deep sympathy for, their monstrous, mechanical gorilla". The review in "Variety" had a similar opinion: ""Mighty Joe Young" is fun to laugh at and with, loaded with incredible corn, plenty of humor, and a robot gorilla who becomes a genuine hero. The technical skill of the large staff of experts (led by Willis O’Brien and Ray Harryhausen) gives the robot life".

Awards.

"Mighty Joe Young" won the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects; the only other nominee that year was the film "Tulsa". At the time, the rules of the Academy dictated that the producer of the winning film receive the Oscar. However, in recognition of his work on this picture and on "King Kong", producer Merian C. Cooper presented the award to Willis O'Brien.

"Mighty Joe Young" exhibition.

A rare album featuring original artwork and documentary photographs of the production was first publicly displayed in the exhibition "Recapturing Mighty Joe Young: The Movie! The Memory!! The Make-believe!!!" (School of Art, Aberystwyth University, UK, 20 Nov. 2017 – 2 Feb. 2018). The album commemorates the collaborative efforts that earned "Mighty Joe Young" an Academy Award for Special Effects. Showing off the tools and tricks of the trade, it contains behind-the-scenes photographs as well as production stills, drawings, and watercolor paintings by Willis "Obie" O’Brien, the film’s "Technical Creator". The album also records the work of Obie’s apprentice, Ray Harryhausen, whose name became synonymous with pre-CGI fantasy film and stop-motion animation. The album was bequeathed to Aberystwyth University by the film historian Raymond Durgnat (1932–2002).  Also featured in the exhibition was a board, signed in January 1948, by forty-five members of the cast and crew. However, as curator and art historian Harry Heuser points out, "[n]ot all of the names listed here appear in the credits on screen. Some have never been associated with the film". The board, illustrated by Disney cartoonist Scotty Whitaker, is a "unique record of a production underway".

Mighty Joe Young (also known as Mr. Joseph Young of Africa and The Great Joe Young) is a 1949 American black and white fantasy film distributed by RKO Radio Pictures and produced by the same creative team responsible for "King Kong" (1933). Produced by Merian C. Cooper, who wrote the story, and Ruth Rose, who wrote the screenplay, the film was directed by Ernest B. Schoedsack and stars Robert Armstrong (who appears in both films), Terry Moore, and Ben Johnson in his first credited screen role. Animation effects were handled by Ray Harryhausen, Pete Peterson and Marcel Delgado.

Panik um King Kong (Originaltitel: "Mighty Joe Young") ist ein US-amerikanischer Abenteuer- und Fantasyfilm von Regisseur Ernest B. Schoedsack aus dem Jahr 1949. Obwohl der deutsche Titel den Film als eine Fortsetzung des originalen King-Kong-Films "King Kong und die weiße Frau" aus dem Jahr 1933 darstellen möchte, ist dies nicht der Fall. Für die Stop-Motion-Animationen verantwortlich war Willis O’Brien, der schon an dem 1933 erschienenen Film mitgewirkt hatte. Zudem markiert "Panik um King Kong" den ersten Kinofilm, an dem Ray Harryhausen seine Künste in der Stop-Motion-Animation unter Beweis stellen konnte.


History.

Walt Disney Computer Software.

Disney established its own in house gaming unit, Walt Disney Computer Software, Inc. (WDCS), and it was incorporated on September 15, 1988. WDCS generally used third-party development studios to design spin-off games using its existing portfolio of characters. WDCS had little success attributed by senior Disney executives due to low product quality and lack of understanding the differences between film and games.  The few market successes were third-party-published games based on major Disney animated features like "Aladdin" and "The Lion King" in 1993 and 1994 respectively. This led to a move from self-developed and self-published to funding and development management of games with third parties published the game.

Disney Interactive.

Using the film studio style formula, WDCS was reorganized into Disney Interactive, Inc. (DI) on December 5, 1994 with the merging of WDCS and Walt Disney Television and Telecommunications. On April 15, 1997, DI reduced its staff by 20% ending in-house video game production. This increased the requests for licensing from third-party games companies. Under this plan, development and production cost risks were transferred to the game companies but reduced the per-unit revenue generated to Disney and effectively yielded a near 100 percent margin of licensed game sales. A thirteen-game agreement was made between Nintendo of America and Disney Interactive in 1999 for both the Nintendo 64 and Game Boy Color.

Buena Vista Games (2003–2007).

Buena Vista Games, Inc. (BVG) was spun out of Disney Interactive in 2003 after a 2002 strategic review that chose to return to being a dedicated games publisher. With DI focused on children's games, BVG took on all other content game including mobile and online mediums. Buena Vista Games is probably best known for the Kingdom Hearts series along with Japanese developer Square Enix.  In April 2005, BVG purchased Avalanche Software in Salt Lake City, Utah and started a Vancouver, British Columbia based game development studio, Propaganda Games.  In September 2006, Buena Vista acquired Climax Racing. BVG formed a new game studio, Fall Line Studio, in November 2006 to create Disney and new game titles for the Nintendo DS and the Wii console.

Disney Interactive Studios.

On February 8, 2007; The Walt Disney Company renamed Buena Vista Games to Disney Interactive Studios as part of a larger company initiative to phase out the Buena Vista brand that year. The studio publishes both Disney and non-Disney branded video games for all platforms worldwide, with titles that feature its consumer brands including Disney, ABC, ESPN, and Touchstone (which is used as a label for Disney). In July 2007, the studio acquired Junction Point Studios.  On June 5, 2008, Disney Interactive Studios and the Walt Disney Internet Group, merged into a single business unit now known as the Disney Interactive Media Group, and it merged its subsidiary Fall Line Studios with its sister studio, Avalanche Software, in January 2009. In February 2009, Disney Interactive acquired GameStar, a Chinese game development company. On September 8, 2009, Disney Interactive announced that it had acquired Wideload Games.  In November 2010 the executive Graham Hopper left the company. He announced his departure via an internal e-mail saying "the time has come for me to move on from the company and set my sights on new horizons."  DIS in October 2012 announced "Toy Box", a cross platform gaming initiative where Pixar and Disney characters will interact from a console game to multiple mobile and online applications. The first Toy Box cross platform game is "Disney Infinity" based on the "Toy Story 3" game's Toy Box mode crossed with a toy line.  After the purchase of Lucasfilm by The Walt Disney Company in 2012, Disney Interactive assumed the role of developing "Star Wars" games for the casual gaming market, while Electronic Arts would develop "Star Wars" games for the core gaming market through an exclusive license (although LucasArts did retain the ability to license "Star Wars" games to other developers for the casual gaming market).  At E3 2013, Disney and Square Enix released a teaser trailer for "Kingdom Hearts III", after going seven years of not declaring any console Kingdom Hearts game since "Kingdom Hearts II". The game would release nearly six years later in January 2019.  Disney Interactive Studios has lost more than $200 million per year from 2008–2012 during a period in which it shut down Propaganda Games, Black Rock Studio and Junction Point Studios and its co-president John Pleasants stepped down in November 2013 after the launch of "Disney Infinity".  On March 6, 2014, 700 employees were laid off. In November 2018, Disney agreed to have Jam City take over operation of its Glendale game studio, sell them "Emoji Blitz" and for develop of future Pixar and Walt Disney Animation franchises games. Staff at the studio would be offered jobs with Jam City working of the Disney titles.

List of games.

The company also publishes games from Q Entertainment worldwide except Asia: "Lumines II", the sequel to the puzzle game for the PSP system; "Lumines Plus", a new version of "Lumines" for the PlayStation 2; "Every Extend Extra", a puzzle shooter; and a Disney Interactive Studios's "", the popular "Meteos" game for the Nintendo DS with Disney characters.  The company revealed a lineup of games at E3 2006, which include DIE's "Turok", a re-imagining of the of the same name and "", based on the hit television show.  Disney Interactive Studios is credited in all entries to the "Kingdom Hearts" franchise, with the original release box art of each entry to the series having different logos and name of the company seeing as coincidentally, the company is re-branded in between the releases. Notably however, the company is not credited to actually developing the game.

Disney Interactive Studios, Inc. (originally established as Walt Disney Computer Software, Disney Interactive, Buena Vista Interactive, and Buena Vista Games) was an American video game developer and publisher owned by The Walt Disney Company through Disney Interactive. Prior to its closure in 2016, it developed and distributed multi-platform video games and interactive entertainment worldwide.

Disney Interactive Studios (zunächst Walt Disney Computer Software, später Disney Interactive, dann Buena Vista Games Inc. und danach Disney Interactive Studios Inc.) ist ein Vertrieb von Videospielen und interaktiver Unterhaltungssoftware der Walt Disney Company.


Association des États Généraux des Étudiants de l'Europe

Association des Etats Généraux des Etudiants de l’Europe

Structure.

AEGEE has a yearly elected European board, the Comité Directeur with a head office in Brussels, and a number of European-level working groups. There is a large network of autonomous local groups, the antennae. Active members meet twice a year in Spring and Autumn in a general assembly called Agora, hosted by a different antenna each time. Most candidates for positions at the European level are elected at the Agora, which also ratifies the establishment or deletion of antennae, working groups and projects. There is also a smaller annual European Planning Meeting (EPM), intended to develop projects and campaigns and usually held in late winter: During the EPM, AEGEE also works on developing its Strategic Plan in an Action Agenda for the whole AEGEE network. The association has no national level, and it does not recognize the current national borders within Europe.  Antennae are supported by the Network Commission, a group of experienced members elected by the Agora to help the network grow and develop. They provide advice, training and practical help, especially with local human resources and event organisation. Each Network Commissioner has responsibility for a number of locals across several national borders, which can be reorganised at each Agora to prevent the creation of any fixed national or regional division.  Each city antenna is a separate legal person under its own local law, not under the direct control of the Comité Directeur. However, to become a part of the AEGEE network, prospective antennae must include the principles of AEGEE's statute within their own, and have them approved by the Comité Directeur and Juridical Commission. They sign a contract called Convention d’Adhésion which allows AEGEE to have an antenna wound up in case of inactivity or serious misconduct.  Membership of an antenna is generally open to anyone younger than 35 living in the local area, upon payment of a membership fee set by the local board. Many antennae concentrate their promotional activities on students at their home university, and are not very visible to outsiders.  Most AEGEE events are open to non-members, however this tends to be poorly promoted except to local students. It is quite common for all participants to be from the host city or other AEGEE antennae. Some activities, most notably the statutory Agorae and EPMs and the Summer University project, are explicitly restricted to AEGEE members who must be approved by their home antenna's board.  AEGEE was founded in France and still uses a number of French terms, but the main working language at European level is now English, which is also defined as the official language of the Agora. Most antennae use their own local language for their local activities, however local board members generally need a working knowledge of English.  Its current board consists of six people. The statutory seventh board position remains vacant until the next board takes office.

Agora (General Assembly).

Agora is AEGEE's general assembly, which takes place twice a year (usually in Spring and Autumn).

Affiliations and platform.

AEGEE-Europe is involved in bigger platforms and works with many other international institutions and organizations, in order to bring a students perspective to each one of the processes.  AEGEE-Europe is a full member of the European Youth Forum. AEGEE has had 2 representatives in its history in the Board of Directors of European Youth Forum.  AEGEE-Europe is also full member of the European Movement International (EMI).  AEGEE-Europe is also a full member in the Lifelong Learning Platform (LLLP).  AEGEE-Europe was founding member and currently board members of the European Civic Forum (ECF). AEGEE-Europe has been in the board of the ECF several terms, always represented by the President of AEGEE-Europe.  AEGEE-Europe works closely inside the Council of Europe. Since 2013 AEGEE is back-to-back an elected to be part of the Advisory Council on Youth of the Council of Europe. AEGEE is also involved in the Conference of INGOs and works closely with the Youth Department and the European Youth Foundation of the Council of Europe.  AEGEE-Europe has consultative status at the United Nations, working closely with UNESCO, ECOSOC, UNEP, UNFPA, UNDP and other agencies and bodies.  AEGEE-Europe works with the World Bank, the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) and the OSCE (Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe).  AEGEE-Europe is a member of IFISO (Informal Forum of International Student Organizations).  AEGEE's first study trip to the Caucasus.

History.

Presidents of AEGEE.

During the last Agora, which took place in Bucharest on 8–13 of May, three candidates ran for the position of President of the Comité Directeur. Daniel Amesz was elected and took over the presidency by the 1 August 2019.

Bodies.

AEGEE consists out of two types of bodies: antennae and contacts.

The AEGEE, or ', known as European Students' Forum in English, is the largest transnational, interdisciplinary student organisation in Europe.

Die Association des États Généraux des Étudiants de l’Europe ("AEGEE", auch bekannt als "Europäisches Studierendenforum" bzw. "European Students’ Forum") ist der größte interdisziplinäre Studentenverband Europas.


Biography.

Trowbridge was born on December 12, 1929, at 01:05 pm in Englewood, New Jersey. He was the son of American University Professor of Russian History Alexander Buel Trowbridge Jr., and the grandson of Alexander Buel Trowbridge Sr., the former dean of the Cornell University College of the Architecture (1897–1902). His grandmother Gertrude Mary Sherman was the great-great-granddaughter of American founding father Roger Sherman. His mother, the former Julie Chamberlain, who was the executive director of the Woodrow Wilson Foundation from 1942 to 1961. Trowbridge's parents divorced, and he was raised by his mother.  As a young man, Trowbridge attended Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, in 1947, before graduating with an A.B. from the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University in 1951 after completing a senior thesis titled "The Spanish Loan. A Case Study of Executive-Congressional Relations in the Formulation and Control of American Foreign Policy." After World War II, he worked with various reconstruction efforts. After working with the International Intern Program of the United Nations in Lake Success, New York, he served in the Korean War in the Marine Corps.  Between 1954 and 1965, he was an oil businessman. In 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed him to serve as the Assistant Secretary of Commerce. On January 19, 1967, he became acting Secretary of Commerce, and in June of that year he became U.S. Secretary of Commerce, a position he served in until March 1, 1968. He resigned to return to business, serving first as the President of the American Management Association, in May 1968, before the joining Allied Chemical as a Vice-Chairman of the Morristown, NJ-based parent company and the Chairman of their Canadian subsidiary, Allied Chemical Canada Ltd. of Pointe-Claire (QC).  He later served as head of the National Association of Manufacturers from 1980 until 1989. In the early 1990s, he served as a member of the Competitiveness Policy Council.  As Secretary of Commerce, he proposed to re-merge of the Department of Commerce and the Department of Labor.  Trowbridge died in Washington, D.C., on April 27, 2006, at the age of 76, after suffering from Lewy body dementia. He is buried at the Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia.

Alexander Buel (Sandy) Trowbridge III (December 12, 1929April 27, 2006) was an American politician and businessman. He was the United States Secretary of Commerce from June 14, 1967, to March 1, 1968, in the administration of President Lyndon B. Johnson.

Alexander Buel Trowbridge III (* 12. Dezember 1929 in Englewood, New Jersey; † 27. April 2006 in Washington, D.C.) war ein US-amerikanischer Geschäftsmann und Politiker, der unter Präsident Lyndon B. Johnson für einige Monate das Amt des US-Handelsministers bekleidete.


Characteristics.

Nearly all basketballs have an inflatable inner rubber bladder, generally wrapped in layers of fiber and then covered with a surface made either from leather (traditional), rubber, or a synthetic composite. As in most inflatable balls, there is a small opening that allows the pressure to be increased or decreased.  The surface of the ball is nearly always divided by "ribs" that are recessed below the surface of the ball in a variety of configurations and are generally a contrasting color. An orangish surface with black ribs and a possible logo is the traditional color scheme of basketballs but they are sold in various colors. Most famous of these variations, a red/white/blue basketball, was used for the American Basketball Association, the Harlem Globetrotters, and as the "money ball" in the NBA All-Star Weekend's Three Point Contest.  Balls are generally designated for indoor (generally made of leather or absorbent composites), or all-surface use (generally made of rubber or durable composites, also known as indoor/outdoor balls). Indoor balls tend to be more expensive than all-surface balls due to the cost of materials. In addition, brand new all-leather indoor balls must be "broken in" first to achieve optimal grip before use in competition. The abrasiveness of asphalt and the dirt and moisture present in an outdoor setting will usually ruin an indoor ball within a very short period of time, which is why an indoor/outdoor ball is recommended for recreational players. Outdoor balls are usually called outdoor rubber basketballs & they are commonly made from rubber to cope with rougher conditions, and they need to be filled with more air to retain a suitable level of air pressure in colder weather.

Sizes.

Different sizes are used for different age groups. The common standards are:  Note that the ball used for all competitions (men's, women's, and mixed) in the formalized halfcourt game of 3x3 combines characteristics of the size 6 and size 7 balls. Its circumference is that of a size 6 ball, but its weight is that of a size 7.

History.

In early December 1891, the chairman of the physical education department at the School for Christian Workers (now Springfield College) in Springfield, Massachusetts, instructed physical education teacher James Naismith, to invent a new game to entertain the school's athletes in the winter season. Naismith assembled his class of 18 young men, appointed captains of two nine-player teams, and set in motion the first ever basketball game, played with a soccer ball and two peach baskets tacked to either end of the gymnasium.  The first purpose-built basketballs were made from panels of leather stitched together with a rubber bladder inside. A cloth lining was added to the leather for support and uniformity. A molded version of the early basketball was invented in 1942. For many years, leather was the material of choice for basketball coverings, however in the late 1990s, synthetic composite materials were put forth and have rapidly gained acceptance in most leagues, although the NBA's game balls still uses real leather (outside of a brief experiment with a microfiber ball in 2006 that was not well received).  From 1967 through 1976, the American Basketball Association (ABA) used a distinctive red, white and blue basketball that is still seen from time to time.

A Basketball is a spherical ball used in basketball games. Basketballs usually range in size from very small promotional items only a few inches (some centimeters) in diameter to extra large balls nearly in diameter used in training exercises. For example, a youth basketball could be in circumference, while a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) men's ball would be a maximum of and an NCAA women's ball would be a maximum of. The standard for a basketball in the National Basketball Association (NBA) is in circumference and for the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA), a maximum circumference of. High school and junior leagues normally use NCAA, NBA or WNBA sized balls.

Der Basketball ist das Spielgerät der gleichnamigen Mannschaftssportart Basketball. Nahezu alle Basketbälle bestehen aus einer aufblasbaren Gummiblase, auf welche eine haftende Schicht aus Natur-, Synthetik- oder Kunstleder aufgebracht ist. Die Oberfläche ist durch ein „Gerippe“ überzogen, welches den Basketball in acht Paneele teilt. Eine orange Oberfläche mit schwarzen Linien (dem „Gerippe“) ist das traditionelle und am meisten verbreitete Farbschema.


Life.

Eugene was the younger son of the Duke Ernest Frederick II of Saxe-Hildburghausen and his wife Countess Caroline of Erbach-Fürstenau (1700–1758). His godfather was, in addition to other princes, Prince Eugene of Savoy. At the wedding of his brother Ernest Frederick III Charles with the only daughter of the Danish royal couple, Eugene was awarded the Ordre de l'Union Parfaite. In Danish royal service he attained the rank of lieutenant-general of the infantry and in Hildburghausen, he was commander of the Artillery Corps.  In 1765, Prince Eugene founded the porcelain factory at Kloster Veilsdorf. Eugene's brother, the Duke, gave the factory many privileges. Economic success, however, remained low.  He was the owner of the manor Weitersroda where he founded a new parish and built a new church and a royal villa. In Hildburghausen, he was the tenant of the mint and builder of the so-called, one of the most beautiful buildings in the city. Eugene was a skilled mechanic and gunner.  In 1769 he and his great-uncle Joseph and Duchess Charlotte Amalie of Saxe-Meiningen were appointed Commissioner for the completely indebted Principality of Saxe-Hildburghausen by Emperor Joseph II. He misappropriated assets, leading to the dispute with Prince Joseph.  Following his disgrace for misappropriation of money, Eugene needed a place to stay. His sister Amalie and her husband Prince Louis of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Oehringen (23 May 1723 – 27 July 1805) invited him to live with them at Castle Öhringen. He accepted their offer and moved in 1770 to Öhringen. A few years later, on 13 March 1778, Eugene married his niece, the Princess Caroline (1761–1790), daughter of his brother Ernest Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen. They had no children. Eugene and his wife resided at Öhringen, in the principality ruled by his brother-in-law Louis, and on a modest property belonging to him, until their respective deaths. Eugene's wife Caroline wife died in 1790 and Eugene died in 1795.

Frederick William Eugene of Saxe-Hildburghausen (; born: 8 October 1730 in Hildburghausen; died: 4 December 1795 in Öhringen) was a Prince of Saxe-Hildburghausen.

Friedrich Wilhelm Eugen von Sachsen-Hildburghausen (* 8. Oktober 1730 in Hildburghausen; † 4. Dezember 1795 in Öhringen) war ein Prinz von Sachsen-Hildburghausen.


Career.

Early years.

Abhinav Bindra was born in Dehradun and picked up shooting at an early age.  Determined to train with the best possible facilities, which were then not available in India, he would train for prolonged periods in Germany.

Notable international performances.

At 15, Abhinav Bindra was the youngest participant in the 1998 Commonwealth Games. Bindra was also the youngest Indian participant at the 2000 Summer Olympics. At the 2000 Olympics, he achieved a score of 590, placing him 11th in the qualification round - he did not qualify for the finals since only the top eight compete in the finals.  In International competitions, he won his first medal, a bronze, at the 2001 Munich World Cup with a new junior world record score of 597/600. He won six gold medals at various international meets in 2001.  In 2000 he was honoured with the Arjuna Award, and in 2001, the prestigious Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award, India's highest sports award.  In the Air Rifle event at the 2002 Commonwealth Games, held in Manchester, he finsihed with gold in the pairs event and silver in the individual event.  In the 2004 Athens Olympics, he established a new Olympic record but did not win any medal. He scored 597 in the qualification round and was placed third, preceded by Qinan Zhu (599 – new Olympic Record) and Li Jie (598). In the finals, Abhinav finished with 97.6 points, last in the field of eight, was the only player with less than 100 points, and dropped to the seventh position.  After these successes, a severe back injury incapacitated him and he was unable to lift a rifle for a year, interrupting his preparation for the 2008 Summer Olympics. Bindra returned to compete when titled at the 2006 ISSF World Shooting Championships with a score of 699.1, qualifying him for the 2008 Summer Olympics.  At the 2008 Beijing Olympics, Abhinav Bindra titled in the men's 10m air rifle event, shooting a total of 700.5. He scored 596 (fourth) in the qualifying round and out-scored all other shooters in the finals with a round of 104.5. In the finals, he started with a shot of 10.7, and all others never dipped below 10.0. Bindra was tied with Henri Häkkinen heading into his final shot. Bindra scored his highest of the finals – 10.8 while Hakkinen shot 9.7 to settle for the Bronze medal.  At the 2010 Commonwealth Games held in New Delhi, Abhinav Bindra was honoured as the national flag-bearer at the opening ceremony. He also was bestowed the honour of taking the athletes' oath on behalf of the 6,700 participants from 71 countries and territories. Abhinav Bindra along with Gagan Narang shot in unison to set a Games record 1193 points in the 10m air rifle pair's event for men to win India's inaugural gold medal at the 19th Commonwealth Games. He brought home a silver medal in the individual event.  Abhinav Bindra won the gold medal in the men's 10-metre air rifle event at the 12th Asian Shooting Championships, held in Doha Qatar.  Abhinav Bindra lost in the qualification round at the 2012 London Olympics finishing in the 16th place with a score of 594.  In 2014 Commonwealth Games at Glasgow, Abhinav Bindra again won gold in the men's 10m air rifle singles event.  At the 2016 Summer Olympics at Rio de Janeiro, he came fourth in the men's 10m air rifle singles event after losing a shoot-off for the top 3 to Serhiy Kulish, who eventually won the silver.

Business Career.

He holds a B.B.A. (Bachelor of Business Administration) from the University of Colorado, US. Bindra is the CEO of Abhinav Futuristics Private Limited, an organization intent on bringing science and technology into the sport and healthcare sectors. Through ABTP, a group of Sport Science and Advanced PMR Centres, over 5000 athletes and medical patients have been catered to. Under the Abhinav Bindra Foundation, a non-profit initiative, athletes are provided access to the latest sports technology and high-performance physical training for free. Many athletes from sports such as Swimming, Badminton, Boxing, and Para-Athletics have benefited from various programs.  Since his retirement, he has been integral to the setting up of the TOP Scheme, one of India’s most significant policies for Athlete Development. He has also been a part of the ISSF and IOC Athlete Commissions, where he has worked for the development of athletes through Mental Health, Financial Stability, and Entrepreneurship initiatives.

Personal life.

Harper Sport published his autobiography, A Shot at History: My Obsessive Journey to Olympic Gold which he co-authored with sportswriter Rohit Brijnath in October 2011. It was formally released by Union Sports minister, Ajay Maken on 27 October 2011 at a function in New Delhi, thereafter the book went on to receive positive reviews. Harshvardhan Kapoor will essay the lead in Abhinav's biopic for the big screen, with preparation already underway.  Awards for 2008 Olympics Gold medal

Abhinav Bindra (born 28 September 1982) is an Indian businessman and retired sport shooter, who is currently India's only individual Olympic gold medalist. His gold in the 10 metre air rifle event at the 2008 Summer Olympics was also India's first Olympic gold medal since 1980. He is the first Indian to have held concurrently the World and Olympic titles for the Men's 10 metre air rifle event: 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2006 ISSF World Shooting Championships. Bindra has also won 9 medals at the Commonwealth Games and 3 gold medals at the Asian Games.

Abhinav Bindra (Panjabi: ਅਭਿਨਵ ਬਿੰਦਰਾ; * 28. September 1982 in Dehra Dun) ist ein indischer Sportschütze in der Disziplin Luftgewehr.


Campaigns and successes.

The group's name originates from the members who had settled in Clapham, then a village south of London (today part of south-west London), where both Wilberforce and Thornton, the sect's two most influential leaders, resided and where many of the group's meetings were held, and particularly those attending Holy Trinity Church on Clapham Common, then surrounded by fashionable villas.  Henry Venn, the founder of the Clapham group, was curate at Holy Trinity (1754) and his son John became rector (1792–1813). Wilberforce and Henry Thornton, two of the group's most influential leaders, resided nearby and many of the meetings were held in their houses. They were encouraged by Beilby Porteus, the Bishop of London, himself an abolitionist and reformer, who sympathised with many of their aims. The term "Clapham Sect" was a later invention by James Stephen in an article of 1844 which celebrated and romanticised the work of these reformers.  The reformers were partly composed of members from St. Edmund Hall at Oxford and Magdalene College, Cambridge, where the Vicar of Holy Trinity Church, Charles Simeon had preached to students from the university, some of whom underwent an evangelical conversion experience and later became associated with the Clapham Sect.  Lampooned in their day as "the saints", the group published a journal, the "Christian Observer", edited by Zachary Macaulay and were also credited with the foundation of several missionary and tract societies, including the British and Foreign Bible Society and the Church Missionary Society.  After many decades of work both in British society and in Parliament, the reformers saw their efforts rewarded with the final passage of the Slave Trade Act in 1807, banning the trade throughout the British Empire and, after many further years of campaigning, the total emancipation of British slaves with the passing of the Slavery Abolition Act in 1833. They also campaigned vigorously for Britain to use its influence to work towards abolishing slavery throughout the world.  Some of the group, Granville Sharp, Thomas Clarkson and William Wilberforce, were responsible for the founding in 1787 of Sierra Leone as a settlement for some of the African-Americans freed by the British during the American Revolutionary war; it thus became the first major British colony in Africa, whose purpose in Clarkson's words was "the abolition of the slave trade, the civilisation of Africa, and the introduction of the gospel there". Later, in 1792, another of the group John Clarkson was instrumental in the creation of its capital Freetown.  The group are described by the historian Stephen Tomkins as "a network of friends and families in England, with William Wilberforce as its centre of gravity, who were powerfully bound together by their shared moral and spiritual values, by their religious mission and social activism, by their love for each other, and by marriage".  By 1848 when evangelical bishop John Bird Sumner became Archbishop of Canterbury, it is said that between a quarter and a third of Anglican clergy were linked to the movement, which by then had diversified greatly in its goals, although they were no longer considered an organised faction.  Other societies that members of the group founded or were involved with included the Anti-Slavery Society, the Abolition Society, the Proclamation Society, the Sunday School Society, the Bettering Society, and the Small Debt Society.  The Clapham Sect have been credited with playing a significant part in the development of Victorian morality, through their writings, their societies, their influence in Parliament, and their example in philanthropy and moral campaigns, especially against slavery. In the words of Tomkins, "The ethos of Clapham became the spirit of the age."

Members.

Members of the Clapham Sect, and those associated with them, included:

The Clapham Sect or Clapham Saints were a group of Church of England social reformers based in Clapham, London, at the beginning of the 19th century (active 1780s–1840s).

Die sogenannten Clapham Saints (auch Clapham Sect) waren eine einflussreiche Gruppe von Mitgliedern der Church of England, die als Sozialreformer in England zwischen 1790 und 1830 aktiv war. Gegründet wurde sie von John Newton (1725–1807), der selbst viele Jahre lang als Kapitän verschiedener Sklavenschiffe gearbeitet hatte und über seinen Sinneswandel später das Kirchenlied "Amazing Grace" schrieb.


Early years.

De Crespigny was born in Brighton, Victoria, the third son of Philip Champion de Crespigny (4 January 1850 – 11 March 1927), general manager of the State Bank of Victoria in Melbourne, and Annie Frances de Crespigny née Chauncy (c. 1857 – 21 February 1883), who married on 25 September 1877. He was a younger brother of C. T. C. de Crespigny (1882–1952), both being educated at Brighton Grammar School. In August 1914, following the outbreak of the First World War, he enlisted with the 5th Battalion of the Australian Army as a private. In 1915 he was recommended for a commission in the Suffolk Regiment, and from there graduated to the Royal Flying Corps' special reserve.

RAF career.

De Crespigny joined the Special Reserve of the Royal Flying Corps in 1915. He went on to be Officer Commanding No. 29 Squadron on the Western Front and then Officer Commanding No. 65 Squadron also on the Western Front. Apart from three months' sick leave, he was at the front in France continuously from June 1915, and was promoted Major in April 1917. After the war he went to India where he commanded No. 60 Squadron and then No. 39 Squadron and finally No. 2 (Indian) Wing.  He served in the Second World War as Air Officer Commanding No. 25 (Armament) Group, as Air Officer Commanding Air Headquarters Iraq and then as Air Officer Commanding No. 21 (Training) Group.  In 1945 De Crespigny joined the (British) Labour Party, and stood as their candidate for the British Parliament in Newark, but was narrowly beaten by the sitting Conservative member, Lt-Col. Sidney Shephard. He was a leader in the campaign to fly great numbers of children from the devastated regions of Germany to England before the winter of 1945, when it was predicted millions of homeless would die from the cold.  De Crespigny retired from the RAF in 1945. and was appointed Regional Commissioner for Schleswig-Holstein for the Control Commission for Germany one of four civilians appointed to oversee the de-Nazification of Germany and Austria. He oversaw relief efforts for the area, much of the population being in a pitiable condition, exacerbated by mass migration from East Germany, and with rising incidence of tuberculosis.  In 1948 De Crespigny was succeeded as commissioner by William Asbury and stayed in Kiel as British consul until 1956. He later lived at Vierville in Natal, South Africa. He died at Pietermaritzburg, Natal, South Africa.

Family.

De Crespigny married Sylvia Ethel Usher in Fovant, Wiltshire, on 7 October 1926. They had three sons and one daughter. He was closely related to other notable members of the Champion de Crespigny family in Australia: Raoul de Crespigny Tunbridge; Colonel Geoff Champion de Crespigny; Rafe Champion de Crespigny; Francis Philip Champion de Crespigny; Richard Champion de Crespigny, Group Captain Claude Montgomery Champion de Crespigny; and Sir Henry de Crespigny.

Air Vice Marshal Hugh Vivian Champion de Crespigny, (8 April 1897 – 20 June 1969), often referred to as Vivian Champion de Crespigny, was a Royal Flying Corps pilot who fought in France during the First World War, and senior Royal Air Force officer who commanded British Air Forces in Persia and Iraq during the Second World War.

Hugh Vivian Champion de Crespigny (* 8. April 1897 in Elsternwick, Melbourne; † 20. Juni 1969 in Natal, Südafrika) war ein australischer Berufsoffizier und zuletzt Air Vice Marshal, der zunächst in der British Army als Flieger und dann in der Royal Air Force diente. Er war nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg als Mitarbeiter der Kontrollkommission maßgeblich am Wiederaufbau politischer Strukturen in Deutschland beteiligt.


Early life.

Earle grew up on a Montgomery County estate as the son of George Howard Earle, Jr. and Catharine H. French, a wealthy family that traced its lineage in America to the arrival of the "Mayflower". His grandmother Mrs. Frances ("Fanny") Van Leer was a member of one of the first Pennsylvania families, the Van Leer family. He received a degree from Harvard University and subsequently worked abroad in a family-owned sugar business. He enlisted in the military in 1916 and was assigned to the Mexican border during the Pancho Villa Expedition. After the United States entered World War I, Earle commanded, a submarine chaser which was also his private yacht. He earned the Navy Cross in 1918 after averting a fatal explosion. After the war, Earle returned to private business, particularly in the sugar industry. Though raised as a Republican, Earle joined the Democratic Party over disillusionment with the Republican Party's handling of the Great Depression. After campaigning for Franklin Roosevelt in the 1932 election, Earle served as Ambassador to Austria from 1933 to 1934. Earle looked warily upon the Nazi Party, and warned the FDR Administration of the potential danger of Nazi Germany.

Governorship.

Although Pennsylvania had not elected a Democratic governor in over forty years, Earle defeated Republican Attorney General William A. Schnader in the 1934 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election. Though Earle faced a split legislature in the first half of his term, his party gained control of both chambers of the Pennsylvania legislature in the 1936 election. An ardent Roosevelt admirer, Earle rolled out an ambitious "Little New Deal," which resulted in the introduction of a record 3514 bills during the 1935-36 session of the Pennsylvania General Assembly. His administration created a centralized Department of Public Assistance that was designed to ensure uniform allocation of relief payments. Earle's government also sought to ameliorate ongoing labor strife by increasing union bargaining rights and eliminating the private police forces operated by many of the influential coal and steel companies. Pennsylvania Turnpike construction also began during his tenure. Other bills passed include Pennsylvania's first gasoline and cigarette tax, teacher tenure, and a maximum forty-hour work week. Earle's administration relaxed Pennsylvania's Blue laws, passed the nation's first milk control law, and outlawed company police forces hired by mining companies.  Earle's "Little New Deal" earned him a place on the cover of Time Magazine in 1937, and a Gallup poll that same year saw him named the nation's third most popular Democrat (after the president and vice president). However, Earle also became known for his mercurial temperament and his administration was plagued by high-profile corruption charges involving his top officials. Earle's poor relationship with the state's judicial hierarchy resulted in one of his central policy goals, the imposition of a graduated income tax, being declared unconstitutional. Earle, who was constitutionally ineligible to run for a second consecutive term as governor, ran for the Senate in 1938, but lost to incumbent Republican James J. Davis. Earle's loss to Davis coincided with a Republican landslide that saw Republicans re-gain control of the legislature and governorship. Pennsylvania would not elect another Democratic governor until 1954.

Post-governorship.

In 1940, Earle was appointed as Ambassador to Bulgaria. During World War II, he served again in the United States Navy, this time as Lieutenant Commander and as a special emissary to the Balkans, where Earle proposed a plan that he believed might bring the war in Europe to an early end. The German ambassador and the head of the German secret service had secretly proposed a coup against Adolf Hitler that would end with Hitler turned over to the US as a war criminal, but the plot was not approved by the US government.  In 1944, President Roosevelt assigned Earle to compile information on the Katyń massacre, the massacre of the Polish intelligentsia by the Soviet government. Earle did so, using contacts in Bulgaria and Romania, and concluded that the Soviet Union was guilty. After consulting with Elmer Davis, the director of the Office of War Information, Roosevelt rejected Earle's conclusion, saying that he was convinced of the responsibility of Nazi Germany, and ordered Earle's report suppressed. At this time, the United States and Soviet Union were still fighting Nazi Germany and Japan. When Earle formally requested permission to publish his findings, the President gave him a written order to desist. Earle was reassigned and spent the rest of World War II in American Samoa.  After the war, Earle served as assistant governor of American Samoa, and then returned to the private sector. Ambassador Ralph Earle II is his son.

George Howard Earle III (December 5, 1890December 30, 1974) was an American politician and diplomat. He was a member of the prominent Earle family and the 30th Governor of Pennsylvania from 1935 to 1939. Earle was one of just two Democrats that served as Governor of Pennsylvania between the Civil War and World War II.

George Howard Earle (* 5. Dezember 1890 in Devon, Chester County, Pennsylvania; † 30. Dezember 1974 in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania) war ein US-amerikanischer Politiker und von 1935 bis 1939 der 32. Gouverneur des US-Bundesstaates Pennsylvania.


Early life.

Muratova grew up in Leningrad and lost her mother during its siege. Muratova herself was evacuated from the city in 1941. During the war she could not regularly attend school, but tried to train every day. She took up artistic gymnastics in 1943, entering a children's sports school, and just three months later competed in the Russian Championships for girls. In 1944 she moved to Moscow, where she trained under Igor Zhuravlev.

First successes.

In 1945 Muratova won her first major competition, the USSR Junior Championships. She soon became one of the strongest Soviet gymnasts, the only one to win five Soviet all-around titles, yet she was often unlucky at major international events.

World championships and Olympics.

Muratova missed the 1952 Summer Olympics due to injury. Two years later, at the 1954 World Championships in Artistic Gymnastics, she won a gold medal in the team competition and led the all-around contest, but broke her arm during a warm-up and had to withdraw from the championship. Her husband Valentin Muratov swore to win a gold medal for her and became the all-around champion. She debuted at the 1956 Summer Olympics, winning the team gold and two bronze medals, all-around and on the uneven bars. At the rather unsuccessful 1958 World Championships in Artistic Gymnastics in Moscow Muratova won the team gold and two bronzes on vault and balance beam. Injuries haunted her on the way to the 1960 Summer Olympics, but with the help from Zoya Mironova, who operated Muratova just three months before the Olympics, she managed to recover and even win three medals — the team gold, all-around silver and bronze on the balance beam. She presented her gold medal to Mironova as a token of gratitude. Her two Olympic all-around medals (1956, 1960) were a rare feat accomplished by only eight other women gymnasts.  Muratova won seven all-around national titles, including the inaugural 1955 USSR Cup. She retired in 1965 and worked as a coach for 34 years. She was the head coach of the Soviet women's gymnastics team at the 1968 Olympics. Earlier in 1957 she was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. Muratova died on 25 September 2006. Her husband Valentin Muratov died on 6 October of the same year.

Sofia Ivanovna Muratova (, 13 July 1929 – 25 September 2006) was a Soviet gymnast. She competed in the 1956 and 1960 Olympics and won eight medals.

Sofja Iwanowna Muratowa (; * 13. Juli 1929 in Leningrad; † 25. September 2006 in Moskau) war eine sowjetische Turnerin. Sie trat für den Verein Dynamo Moskau an und nahm an zwei Olympischen Spielen teil.


History.

Granite Falls was platted in 1872. The city was named for deposits of granite rock in the area. A post office has been in operation at Granite Falls since 1870. Granite Falls was incorporated as a city in 1889.

2000 tornado.

On July 25, 2000, the city of Granite Falls and Yellow Medicine County were hit by a powerful tornado. The tornado first touched down in rural parts of the county west-northwest of Granite Falls, hitting the city at 6:10 pm. After tearing through the residential sections of town, the tornado lifted at approximately 6:25PM after being on the ground for over nine miles. One person was killed, more than a dozen were injured, and the town and surrounding area suffered millions of dollars in property damage.  While the damage in Granite Falls was generally limited to that of F2 and F3 damage, the extent of the damage at the corner of 9th Avenue and 14th Street caused the National Weather Service to classify it as an F4 tornado.

Geography.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of ; is land and is water.  U.S. Highway 212 and Minnesota State Highways 23 and 67 are three of the main routes in the city.

Climate.

Granite Falls, along with the rest of Minnesota, has a humid continental climate with significant differences between seasons. With a July mean temperature of Granite Falls just falls into the hot-summer zone of the Köppen classification of the humid continental climate regime. Winters are cold and dry influenced by arctic air masses affecting it through its continental position, while summers are influenced by humid subtropical air masses bringing hot temperatures and significant rainfall. Transitional periods are very short, since only April and October are between and in daily mean temperatures, with May–September being clearly above and November–March averaging below freezing. The middle three months in each of those cycles are also clearly warmer and colder, respectively, than the months at the beginning or at the end of transitional periods. That is in turn a typical feature of continental climates.

Demographics.

2010 census.

At the 2010 census there were 2,897 people in 1,282 households, including 747 families, in the city. The population density was. There were 1,417 housing units at an average density of. The racial makeup of the city was 89.9% White, 0.6% African American, 5.2% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 1.8% from other races, and 2.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.7%.  Of the 1,282 households 25.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.1% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.7% were non-families. 37.2% of households were one person and 17.2% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.82.  The median age was 43 years. 21.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.3% were from 25 to 44; 26.9% were from 45 to 64; and 20.7% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.4% male and 51.6% female.

2000 census.

At the 2000 census there were 3,070 people in 1,344 households, including 806 families, in the city. The population density was 890.5 people per square mile (343.6/km2). There were 1,472 housing units at an average density of 427.0 per square mile (164.7/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 92.35% White, 0.07% African American, 5.70% Native American, 0.16% Asian, 0.42% from other races, and 1.30% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.15%.  Of the 1,344 households 27.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.5% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.0% were non-families. 35.0% of households were one person and 18.5% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.91.  The age distribution was 24.1% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 24.1% from 25 to 44, 22.0% from 45 to 64, and 21.8% 65 or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.2 males.  The median household income was $32,031 and the median family income was $45,536. Males had a median income of $32,905 versus $22,957 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,356. About 6.6% of families and 9.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.8% of those under age 18 and 10.6% of those age 65 or over.

Granite Falls is a city in Chippewa and Yellow Medicine counties in the State of Minnesota. The population was 2,897 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Yellow Medicine County. The Andrew John Volstead House, a National Historic Landmark, is located in Granite Falls.

Granite Falls ist eine Kleinstadt (mit dem Status „City“) im Südwesten des US-amerikanischen Bundesstaates Minnesota. Die Stadt ist Verwaltungssitz des Yellow Medicine County, liegt aber zur Hälfte auch im Chippewa County. Im Jahr 2010 hatte Granite Falls 2897 Einwohner.


Characteristics.

"Nueva canción" is a type of music which is committed to social good. Its musical and lyrical vernacular is rooted in the popular classes and often uses a popularly understood style of satire to advocate for sociopolitical change. The movement reacted against the dominance of American and European music in Latin America at the time by assuming an anti-imperial stance that was markedly less focused on the visual spectacle of commercial music and more focused on social and political messages. It characteristically talks about poverty, empowerment, imperialism, democracy, human rights, religion, and the Latin American identity.  Nueva canción draws heavily upon Andean music, música negra, Spanish music, Cuban music and other Latin American folklore.. Most songs feature the guitar, and often the quena, zampoña, charango or cajón. The lyrics are typically in Spanish, with some indigenous or local words mixed in and frequently utilize the poetic forms of copla and décima.  Nueva canción was explicitly related to leftist politics, advancing leftist ideals and flourishing within the structure of the Communist Party in Latin America. Cuban cultural organization Casa de las Américas hosted many notable gatherings of nueva canción musicians, including the 1967 Encuentro de la Canción Protesta.  Songs of conflict in Spanish have a very long history with elements to be found in the "fronterizos", songs concerning the Reconquest of Spain from the Moors in the 15th century. More immediately, some of the roots of nueva canción may be seen in the Mexican "corrido" which took on a strongly political flavour during the War of Independence c.1810, and then the Revolution after 1910. The modern nueva canción developed in the historical context of the "folklore boom" that occurred in Latin America in the 1950s. Chilean Violeta Parra and Argentine Atahualpa Yupanqui were two transitional figures as their mastery of folk music and personal involvement in leftist political organizations aided the eventual union of the two in Nueva canción. The movement was also aided by legislation like Juan Perón's Decreto 3371/1949 de Protección de la Música Nacional and Law No. 14,226 which required that half of the music played on the radio or performed live be of national origin.  National manifestations of nueva canción began occurring in the late 1950s. The earliest were in Chile and Spain, where the movement promoted Catalan language and culture. The music quickly spread to Argentina and throughout Latin America during the 1960s and 1970s. Various national movements used their own terminology, however, the term "nueva canción" was adopted at the 1967 Encuentro de la Canción Protesta and has thereafter been used as an all-encompassing term. Though Nueva canción is often considered a Pan-Latino phenomenon, national manifestations were varied and reacted to local political and cultural contexts.

Regional manifestations.

Chile ("Nueva Canción Chilena" (New Chilean Song)).

Chilean nueva canción has its foundations in Violeta Parra's efforts to preserve over 3,000 Chilean songs, recipes, traditions, and proverbs. One of the most important sources for nueva canción here is Chilean cueca, a guitar based rural song-form. Parra and her children Isabel and Ángel also founded cultural centers like La Carpa de la Reina and Peña de los Parra that provided training and performance opportunities and functioned as organizing center for leftist political activism. Until the U.S.-backed coup forced its closure in 1973, Peña de los Parra welcomed almost all of the major figures associated with early Nueva Canción, including Chileans Patricio Manns, Víctor Jara, Rolando Alarcón, Payo Grondona, Patricio Castillo, Homero Caro, Tito Fernández, and Kiko Álvarez, as well as non-Chilean musicians, such as César Isella and Atahualpa Yupanqui from Argentina and Paco Ibañéz of Spain.  Chilean nueva canción moved out of small gathering places like Peña de los Parra in 1968 when the Communist Youth Party of Chile pressed 1000 copies of the album "Por Vietnam" by Quilapayún to raise funds for the band's travel to the International Youth Festival in Bulgaria. The copies sold out unexpectedly, a strong demonstration of the popular demand for this new music. In response, La Jota (Juventudes Comunistas) created Discoteca de Canto Popular (DICAP), a socially-conscious record label that grew in its five years of operation from a 4,000 record operation in 1968 to pressing over 240,000 records in 1973. DICAP united the various groups of young people wishing to spread Nueva Cancion at a time when U.S. music dominated chiefly commercial radio fare. "DICAP was a key counterhegemonic institution that broke through the censorship and silence imposed by the conservative cultural entities of the elite." In 1969 the Universidad Cátolica in Santiago hosted the Primer Festival de la Nueva Canción Chilena.  Salvador Allende's 1970 presidential campaign was a major turning point in the history of Chilean nueva canción. Many artists became involved in the campaign; songs like "Venceremos" by Víctor Jara were widely used in Allende rallies. After Allende's election, nueva canción artists were utilized as a pro-Allende public relations machine inside and outside of Chile. By 1971, groups like Inti-Illimani and Quilapayún were receiving financial support from the Allende government. Inti-Illimani "put music to the government manifesto" in the 1970 album "Canto al Programa".  In 1973, the United States/CIA-backed right-wing military coup overthrew Allende's democratic government, bombing the presidential palace. Pinochet's forces then rounded up 5,000 civilians into a soccer stadium for interrogation, torture, and execution. In the stadium-turned-prison Victor Jara was beaten, tortured, and his wrists were broken. After several days he was executed and shot 44 times. His wife Joan Jara writes, "where his belly ought to have been was a gory, gaping void". Because of his popularity and fame in the music world, Jara is the most well-known victim of a regime that killed or "disappeared" at least 3,065 people and tortured more than 38,000, bringing the number of victims to 40,018. Other musicians, such as Patricio Manns and groups Inti-Illimani and Quilapayún, found safety outside the country. Under Augusto Pinochet nueva canción recordings were seized, burned, and banned from the airwaves and record stores. The military government exiled and imprisoned artists and went as far as to ban many traditional Andean instruments in order to suppress the nueva canción movement. This period in Chilean history is known as the apagón cultural—the cultural blackout.  By late 1975, artists had begun to circumvent these restrictions through so-called "Andean Baroque" ensembles that performed standards of the Western classical repertoire on indigenous South American instruments. These performances took place in the politically neutral environments of churches, community centers, and the few remaining peñas. For this reason, and because of the novelty of the concept, these performances were allowed to continue without government interference. Performers gradually grew bolder, incorporating some of old nueva canción repertoire, though carefully avoiding overtly political topics. Artists began calling this music "canto nuevo", a term selected to both reference and distance the new movement from the former nueva canción. Because of the precarious political circumstances in which it existed, canto nuevo is notable for its use of highly metaphorical language, allowing songs to evade censors by disguising political messages beneath layers of symbolism. Live performances often included spoken introductions or interludes that provided insight into the song's real meaning.  As the 1980s arrived, advances in recording technology allowed supporters to informally exchange cassettes outside of the governmental control. An economic crisis forced Chilean television stations to hire cheaper Chilean performers rather than international stars for broadcast bookings, while a relaxation in government restrictions allowed canto nuevo performers to participate in several major popular music festivals. Increasing public recognition of the movement facilitated the gathering of its participants at events such as the Congreso de Artistas y Trabajadores (Conference of Artists and Workers) in 1983. The canto nuevo repertoire began to diversify, incorporating cosmopolitan influences such as electronic instruments, classical harmonies, and jazz influences.  Though the genre is not especially active today, the legacy of figures like Violeta Parra is enormous. Parra's music continues to be recorded by contemporary artists and her song "Gracias a la Vida" was recorded by supergroup Artists for Chile in an effort to raise relief funds in the wake of the 2010 Chilean earthquake.  The protests that began in October 2019 have showed a strong resurgence of Nueva Canción as curfewed residents began performing the music of Violeta Parra and Victor Jara

Argentina ("Nuevo Cancionero").

In Argentina, the movement was founded under the name Nuevo Cancionero and formally codified on 11 February 1963 when fourteen artists met in Mendoza, Argentina to sign the Manifiesto Fundacional de Nuevo Cancionero. Present were both musical artists and poet writers. The Argentine movement especially was a musico-literal. Writers like Armando Tejada Gomez were highly influential and made substantial contributions to the movement in the form of original poetry. The Manifesto's introduction places the roots of Nuevo Cancionero in the rediscovery of folk music and indigenous traditions to the work of folklorists Atahualpa Yupanqui and Buenaventura Luna and the internal urban migration that brought rural Argentines to the capital of Buenos Aires. The body of the document outlines the goal of the movement: the development of a national song that overcome the dominance of tango-folklore in Argentine national music and the rejection of pure commercialism. Instead Nuevo Cancionero sought to embrace of institutions that encouraged critical thinking and the open exchange of ideas.  Nuevo Cancionero's most famous proponent was Mercedes Sosa. Her success at the 1965 Cosquin Folklore Festival introduced Nuevo Cancionero to new levels of public exposure after Argentine folk powerhouse Jorge Cafrune singled her out on stage as a budding talent. In 1967, Sosa completed her first international tour in the United States and Europe. Other notable Nuevo Cancionero artists of this time included Tito Francia, Víctor Heredia, and César Isella, who left the folk music group Los Fronterizos to pursue a solo career. In 1969 he set the poetry of Armando Tejada Gomez to produce "Canción para todos", an anthem later designated by UNESCO the hymn of Latin America.  Nuevo cancionero artists were among the approximately 30,000 victims of forced disappearances under Argentina's 1976–1983 military dictatorship. Additional censorship, intimidation, and persecution forced many artists into exile where they had more freedom to publicize and criticize the events unfolding in Latin America. Sosa, for example, participated in the first Amnesty International concert in London in 1979, and also performed in Israel, Canada, Colombia, and Brazil while continuing to record.  After the fall of the dictatorship in 1983, Argentine artists returned and performed massive comeback concerts that regularly filled sports areas and public parks with tens of thousands of people. Influences from time spent in exile abroad were clear through sample of instruments like the harmonica, drum set, bass guitar, electric keyboard, brass ensembles, backup singers, string instruments (especially double bass and violin), and stylistic and harmonic influences from the soundscapes of classical, jazz, pop, rock, and punk. Collaborations became increasingly common, especially between proponents of Nuevo Cancionero and the ideologically similar Rock Nacional.  Nuevo Cancionero artists became symbols of a triumphant national identity. When Mercedes Sosa died, millions flooded the streets as her body lay in official state in the National Cathedral, an honor reserved for only the most prominent of national icons. While the community of musicians actively composing in the Nuevo Cancionero tradition is small, recordings and covers of Nuevo Cancionero classics remain popular in Argentina.

Cuba ("Nueva Trova").

Of the regional manifestations of nueva canción, nueva trova is distinct because of its function within and support from the Castro government. While nueva canción in other countries primarily functioned in opposition to existing regimes, nueva trova emerged after the Cuban Revolution and enjoyed various degrees of state support throughout the late twentieth century. Nueva trova has its roots in the traditional trova, but differs from it because its content is, in the widest sense, political. It combines traditional folk music idioms with 'progressive' and often politicized lyrics that concentrate on socialism, injustice, sexism, colonialism, racism and similar'serious' issues. Occasional examples of non-political styles in the nueva trova movement can also be found, for example, Liuba María Hevia, whose lyrics are focused on more traditional subjects such as love and solitude albeit in a highly poetical style. Later nueva trova musicians were also influenced by rock and pop of that time.  Silvio Rodríguez and Pablo Milanés became the most important exponents of the style. Carlos Puebla and Joseíto Fernández were long-time trova singers who added their weight to the new regime, but of the two only Puebla wrote special pro-revolution songs.  The Castro administration gave plenty of support to musicians willing to write and sing anti-U.S. imperialism or pro-revolution songs, an asset in an era when many traditional musicians were finding it difficult or impossible to earn a living. In 1967 the Casa de las Américas in Havana held a Festival de la canción de protesta (protest songs). Much of the effort was spent applauding anti-U.S. expressions. Tania Castellanos, a filín singer and author, wrote "¡Por Ángela!" in support of US political activist Angela Davis. César Portillo de la Luz wrote "Oh, valeroso Viet Nam". Institutions like the Grupo de Experimentación Sonora del ICAIC (GES) while not directly working in nueva trova, provided valuable musical training to amateur Cuban artists. In 1972, the Cuban government officially institutionalized the music in the Movimiento de la Nueva Trova, a membership-based organization that organized and regulated every facet of nueva trova including access to education and musical resources, performance venues, and financial benefits.  Nueva trova peaked in the 1970s and was already declining before the fall of the Soviet Union due to a growing disenchantment with one-party rule, and externally, from the vivid contrast with the Buena Vista Social Club film and recordings. Carlos Varela is famous in Cuba for his open criticism of some aspects of Castro's revolution.

Spain ("Nova Cançó").

The Nova Cançó was an artistic movement of the late 1950s that promoted Catalan music in Francoist Spain. The movement sought to normalize use of the Catalan language after public use of the language was forbidden when Catalonia fell in the Spanish Civil War. Artists used the Catalan language to assert Catalan identity in popular music and denounce the injustices of the Franco regime. Musically, it had roots in the French Nouvelle Chanson.  In 1957, the writer Josep Maria Espinàs gave lectures on the French singer-songwriter Georges Brassens, whom he called "the troubadour of our times." Espinàs had begun to translate some of Brassens' songs into Catalan. In 1958, two EPs of songs in Catalan were released: "Hermanas Serrano cantan en catalán los éxitos internacionales" ("The Serrano Sisters Sing International Hits in Catalan") and "José Guardiola: canta en catalán los éxitos internationales". They are now considered the first recordings of modern music in the Catalan language. These singers, as well as others such as Font Sellabona and Rudy Ventura, form a prelude to the Nova Cançó.  At the suggestion of Josep Benet i de Joan and Maurici Serrahima, a group composed of Jaume Armengol, Lluís Serrahima and Miquel Porter started composing Catalan songs. In 1959, after an article by Lluís Serrahima, titled "Ens calen cançons d’ara" ("We need songs for today"), was published in "Germinàbit", more authors and singers were attracted to the movement. Miquel Porter, Josep Maria Espinàs and Remei Margarit founded the group "Els Setze Jutges" (The Sixteen Judges, in Catalan). Their first concert, although still not with this name, was on 19 December 1961, in Barcelona. Their first performance with the name of Els Setze Jutges was in Premià de Mar in 1962. New singers joined the group in the following years, until the number of sixteen ("Setze"), like Delfí Abella and Francesc Pi de la Serra. The first Nova Cançó records appeared in 1962, and many musical bands, vocal groups, singer-songwriters, and interpreters picked up the trend.  In 1963, a professional Catalan artist, Salomé, and a Valencian, Raimon, were awarded the first prize of the Fifth Mediterranean Song Festival with the song "Se’n va anar" ("[She] left"). Other important participants in the movement included Guillem d'Efak and Núria Feliu, who received the Spanish Critics' Award in 1966, or other new members of Els Setze Jutges. Some of them were even well known abroad. Apart from Raimon, other former members of Els Setze Jutges continued their careers successfully, including Guillermina Motta, Francesc Pi de la Serra, Maria del Mar Bonet, Lluís Llach and Joan Manuel Serrat. Other significant figures appeared somewhat later, like the Valencian Ovidi Montllor.

Nicaragua.

Nicaragua nueva canción ("Nueva canción nicaragüense") musicians are attributed with transmitting social and political messages, and aiding in the ideological mobilisation of the populace during the Sandinista revolution.

Nueva canción (, ; 'new song') is a social movement and musical genre in Iberian America and the Iberian peninsula, characterized by folk-inspired styles and socially committed lyrics. Nueva canción is widely recognized to have played a profound role in the pro-democracy social upheavals in Portugal, Spain and Latin America during the 1970s and 1980s.

Nueva Canción (wörtlich "Neues Lied") ist eine Form des politischen Lieds, die in Lateinamerika entstand. Diese Form Lateinamerikanischer Musik entstand zuerst in den 1950er- und 1960er-Jahren in Argentinien, Chile und Uruguay, wurde bald aber auch in Zentralamerika populär.


Administrative divisions.

The county has 9 towns, 16 townships, and one ethnic township under its administration.

Geography.

Geology.

Fossil-bearing rocks of the Mesozoic Huajiying Formation and/or Yixian Formation occur on the surface. The prehistoric bird "Paraprotopteryx" was found in such a deposit.

Climate.

Fengning has a rather dry, monsoon-influenced humid continental climate (Köppen "Dwa"), with long, very cold and dry winters, and hot, humid summers, and the elevation depresses temperatures. The monthly 24-hour mean temperature in January is, and in July it is, while the annual mean is. More than half of the annual precipitation occurs in July and August alone.

Economy.

The county draws in many tourists as the Bashang Grasslands in the far north of the county is the nearest grasslands to Beijing. The cultivation of a local tourism is part of a broader regional development policy to support tourism as a primary industry in the Chengde area due to the environmentally friendly character of the industry going well with the goal of preserving the Chengde area's pristine environment, especially compared to the pollution problems besetting the rest of Hebei and also Beijing and Tianjin.  The county's primary tourist attraction are the horse ranches in the Datan grassland. Other highlights are the Dahan Palace of Genghis Khan and the Baiyun Ancient Cave. The height of the tourism season is in July and August when there are bonfire festivities filled with ethnic songs and dances, roasted whole lamb, and staged traditional sporting events like wrestling and archery.

Transport.

Both China National Highway 111 and 112 pass through the county, with the former providing direct access to Beijing.

Fengning Manchu Autonomous County (; Manchu: ; Mölendroff: fengning manju beye dasangga siyan) is a Manchu autonomous county of northern Hebei province, bordering Beijing to the southwest and Inner Mongolia to the north, and lying under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Chengde.

Fengning (; kurz: Kreis Fengning, mandschurisch "Fengning Manju Beye Dasangga Siyan") ist ein chinesischer autonomer Kreis der Mandschu in der Provinz Hebei. Er liegt im Nordwesten des Verwaltungsgebiets der bezirksfreien Stadt Chengde. Fengning hat eine Fläche von 8.747 bzw. 8.765 km2 und zählt ca. 380.000 Einwohner (2004). Sein Hauptort ist die Großgemeinde Dage (大阁镇).


Early days.

Better known to his friends as Wally, Kinnear was born in Marykirk, where he became a draper's assistant. He left home in 1902 for a career with the chain store Debenhams in London. Work colleagues introduced him to sculling and he became hooked. He first joined the Cavendish Rowing Club and in 1903 won the West End ARA sculling championship. He repeated this success in 1904 and 1905.

Road to success.

Kinnear then joined the Kensington Rowing Club and won many sculling championships on the River Thames over the next few years. In 1910 he won the Diamond Challenge Sculls at Henley Royal Regatta and the Wingfield Sculls when he beat Robert Bourne. In 1911 he beat Eric Powell to win the Diamonds, regained the Wingfield Sculls and won the London Cup at the Metropolitan Regatta to achieve sculling's "Triple Crown".

Olympics and beyond.

Kinnear won the gold medal in the single sculls, rowing at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm. He captured the Olympic title comfortably and later the same year secured his third successive Wingfield Sculls. He lost the Wingfield Sculls in 1913 to Jock Wise.

Later life.

During World War I Kinnear served with the Royal Naval Air Service and then became a rowing coach. Later he moved to Desford, Leicestershire, where he worked as a security officer. He died of heart failure at Leicester General Hospital on 5 March 1974.  Kinnear was Godfather to writer Eric Newby, as mentioned in Newby's 1962 book "Something Wholesale". He was inducted into the Scottish Sports Hall of Fame on 12 of March 2007.

William Nicoll Duthie Kinnear (3 December 1880 – 5 March 1974) was a Scottish rower who competed for Great Britain at the 1912 Summer Olympics and won major single scull events prior to the First World War.

William Duthie „Wally“ Kinnear (* 3. Dezember 1880 in Marykirk, Aberdeenshire; † 5. März 1974 in London) war ein britischer Ruderer. Er gilt als einer der besten Ruderer in der Zeit vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg.


Fictional background.

In the "Metalocalypse" series, Dethklok is depicted as an extremely popular and successful death metal band. The band's fan base includes billions of metal fanatics, who frequently endanger themselves to watch the band perform live. With their widespread commercial success and lucrative sponsorship contracts, Dethklok is ranked as the world's seventh largest economy by the end of the second season.  The members of Dethklok are often portrayed as incompetent at almost everything not related to their profession. The band struggles to perform everyday tasks, including shopping for groceries, preparing food, and maintaining proper social relationships. They are often assisted by their manager and lawyer, Charles Foster Offdensen, who frequently attempts to prevent the band from making poor decisions. The band's actions and uncanny misfortune have caught the attention of an Illuminati-style council, known as The Tribunal. The Tribunal is portrayed as Dethklok's antagonist throughout the series, and secretly monitors their actions in almost every episode. They describe Dethklok as the "world's greatest cultural force". The leader of The Tribunal (Mr. Salacia), however, frequently instructs the other members to allow Dethklok to do as they will.  Nathan Explosion is the frontman, lead vocalist and "lyrical visionary" of Dethklok. Portrayed as a tall, bulky figure, with long black hair, black nails, and green eyes, Nathan speaks with a death growl even when not singing. He did not speak a word until he was five years old and in high school excelled only in frog dissection and football. According to his dating profile, Nathan describes his ethnicity as "White/Native American". He was raised in New Port Richey, Florida. He is the lead songwriting force in Dethklok, and uses violent imagery or plot elements when writing and composing song material. Nathan is slightly more sensible than the rest of the band, and a great deal more emotionally stable, though he is still incompetent at most things in life such as the use of a grocery store or reading a cooking recipe. Despite this, he does seem to have some knowledge in specific areas, such as negotiating a contract, extensive knowledge of rock culture, and a proficiency in French. He attempts to get his GED in "Go Forth And Die", and only fails in part due to the band's influence, and in "Fatherklok" tells Murderface not to interfere with Skwisgaar's father issues. Nathan sometimes acts in a parental manner towards Toki, and in the first episode insisted that the band never drinks before a show (though they had all been drinking all day.)

Fictional band members.

Nathan Explosion.

In the episode "Fatherklok", it was revealed that Nathan enjoys an excellent relationship with his father. He does, however find his parents embarrassing as they are normal parents and not "brutal" as seen in "Dethfam". A brief montage shows Nathan and his father fishing, racing go-karts, and playing Scrabble. He is the only member of the band who spends time with or likes his father, stating in the episode "Dethdad" he often drinks beer and goes hunting with his father regularly and would be very sad if his father died.  Small described Nathan as a "quarterback", and based his character's appearance and performance style on Cannibal Corpse vocalist George "Corpsegrinder" Fisher.  Skwisgaar Skwigelf is Dethklok's lead guitarist. He is described as "a handsome guy who thinks he's the greatest thing in the world". Show creator Brendon Small compares Skwisgaar's attitude and technical playing style to Yngwie Malmsteen. He is tall and thin, with long blond hair, a studded belt with a skull buckle, and blue eyes. He played a Gibson Explorer for the first three seasons, but recently switched to the Gibson "Thunderhorse" Explorer for the fourth. He often carries around his guitars even when not playing. He is often referred to as the fastest guitar player in the world. He is depicted as having extreme sexual prowess and a preference for plump or elderly ladies. Hailing from Sweden, Skwisgaar has a marked Swedish accent and often makes mistakes when conjugating verbs. He is responsible for the majority of the arrangement of Dethklok's songs, writing the guitar lines as well as Murderface's bass lines. Skwisgaar also typically discards and re-records the rhythm guitar (and the bass guitar parts) recorded by Toki Wartooth for Dethklok's albums and frequently belittles him for his guitar playing skills, although he does appear to share something of a codependent relationship with him. This can be supported, as shown in The Doomstar Requiem during a flashback sequence in which the band holds auditions for a new rhythm guitarist. Skwisgaar originally disapproved of the idea, wanting Dethklok to be a four-piece. During Toki's audition, Toki was still inferior to Skwisgaar as a guitarist, and the rest of Dethklok originally were about to dismiss him, but Skwisgaar admitted that no other guitarist had made him play as well as he did, and requested that Toki stay in the band.  Toki Wartooth is Dethklok's rhythm guitarist. He typically played a Gibson Flying V, but has switched to the Brendon Small "Snow Falcon" V for the fourth season. A native of "an abandoned town near Lillehammer", Norway, he was forced to constantly perform manual labor by his abusive parents. He has a distinct accent and often inappropriately pluralizes words, but refers to Pickles as "Pickle". Visually, he has a distinct Fu Manchu moustache, long brown hair, and very pale blue eyes. He is also shown to be extremely physically fit, in stark contrast to the rest of his bandmates.

Toki Wartooth.

Toki is the only Dethklok member with no prior band experience, as well as the only one not with the band in its initial form, having been chosen to replace the violent and egomaniacal Magnus Hammersmith. Small explains Toki's relationship with Skwisgaar as "...Norwegian to Skwisgaar's Swedish, pompous attitude. And, again, a second-class citizen in the same band", and compared his guitar playing style to that of Iron Maiden.  In contrast to the deep cynicism, grim outlook, promiscuity, and alcohol and drug abuse of the other band members, Toki's character is generally childlike, innocent, and good-natured. He has a boyish bedroom complete with action figures, stuffed animals, and wall posters, and a prominent hobby of his is building model planes. He is a Type 2 diabetic and requires insulin shots.  A recurring plot point is the death of people Toki grows fond of, including a guitar teacher and his father; the Tribunal has described him as an "angel of death". Any living thing that gets close to Toki – with the exception of Dr. Rockso and his bandmates – tends to die after a brief period of time.  Pickles is Dethklok's drummer. He was raised in Tomahawk, Wisconsin and speaks with an Upper Midwestern accent. He refers to himself as "very Irish American" and has long red hair, styled into dreadlocks and a comb-over skullet, and green eyes. He is depicted as having an average build with a strong propensity for drugs and alcohol abuse stemming from feelings of resentment towards his family. He comes off as the most socially-capable member of the band, able to grasp most concepts outside the scope of death metal that the other four cannot. In later seasons, this capacity often puts him at odds with Nathan, though ironically they are the only two the others can talk to on certain levels. Pickles is a multi-talented performer, whom IGN Magazine described as "the band's deepest thinker". Pickles is the former front-man of a group called Snakes 'n' Barrels, providing the vocals and performing as the lead guitarist.

Pickles.

Brendon Small used the voice of Pickles on "The Dethalbum" to sing the chorus of the song "Hatredcopter", as well as the entirety of "Kill You", a song by Snakes N' Barrels "covered" by Dethklok, which serves as a bonus track. Describing the character, Small said, "I thought the drummer should be able to do a bunch of stuff, like Roger Taylor in Queen. Even though it's not based on his personality, it's what he can do in the band and what parts of the songs he does contribute to."  The original design of the character was changed to avoid his looking too much like Devin Townsend.  William Murderface is Dethklok's bassist, who plays a Gibson Thunderbird Studio 5-string. He has brown hair, green eyes, a heavy lateral lisp and a gap in his front teeth. He has tattoos on the top and bottom parts of his abdomen, the top reading "Pobody's Nerfect", and the bottom saying "This Mess Is A Place". When he was a baby, Murderface's father killed his wife – Murderface's mother – with a chainsaw before turning it upon himself in front of Murderface in a grisly murder-suicide (Murderface believes this happened because he was ugly). This left Murderface to be raised by his grandparents.

William Murderface.

Murderface is "a self-hating bass player who's always trying to act like he's more important than he is", in part because his bass playing is usually mixed out completely. Although Murderface's musical contribution is apparently totally unnecessary to the group's sound, Dethklok realizes when they expel him from the band in "Dethsiduals" that he imposes a mentality of negativity and hatred upon the band that is crucial to their songwriting.  Brendon Small describes Murderface as "thin-skinned and incredibly sensitive and just wants to be accepted constantly but can't get that because he's such a dick and pushes people away". He is sensitive about his weight and appearance, which his bandmates often obliviously exacerbate. Murderface's voice was originally achieved by Tommy Blacha putting paper towels inside his mouth when voicing the character, but he has since refined his technique to forgo the paper towels.

Magnus Hammersmith.

Magnus Hammersmith was the first rhythm guitarist of Dethklok, but was kicked out of the band very early for his violent behavior. He returns to antagonize and threaten the band several times.

Actual band members.

Studio members: Live members:

Touring history.

In late 2007, Adult Swim organized a promotional tour featuring Dethklok and...And You Will Know Us by the Trail of Dead. The tour comprised performances at twelve college campuses, with tickets available to students only (except for 50 tickets set aside for the UCLA show in the Los Angeles area). The band featured Brendon Small, guitarist Mike Keneally, bassist Bryan Beller and drummer Gene Hoglan. Tour information was made available on Adult Swim's promotional site. In an interview with Ultimate Guitar, Brendon Small described the tour as being "like Gorillaz, with the animated characters" with Small's ensemble of musicians performing visibly.  In a February 2008 interview on California radio station Indie 103.1 with Full Metal Jackie, plans for a summer 2008 tour were announced. Brendon Small described the tour as being like "a Disney ride but with murder". Dethklok toured the US in June and early July with Chimaira and Soilent Green. In April 2008, 27 seven dates were announced.  Dethklok performed at Heavy MTL on June 21, 2008. They then toured with Chimaira and Soilent Green during June and July 2008. During the June 5, 2008, show at The Fillmore in San Francisco, an electrical fire broke out during Soilent Green's set. Attendees were hesitant to leave the building thinking that it was part of the show (in their fictional universe, Dethklok is infamous for causing disasters that result in deaths), which created a dangerous situation, but they soon realized that the fire was real and evacuated and the concert was rescheduled.  Dethklok toured with co-headliner Mastodon, High on Fire, and Converge during October and November 2009. The band performed in San Bernardino on July 9, 2011, at the Mayhem Festival in place of Megadeth. Dethklok played a free show at San Diego Comic Con on July 13, 2012, on the USS Midway. Dethklok was scheduled to play in Toronto, Ontario at the Heavy T.O. festival on August 11, 2012, and also in Montreal, QC at Heavy MTL Festival on August 12, 2012; however, Dethklok's appearances at both festivals were cancelled. Dethklok was also scheduled to play the main stage for both days of Knotfest on August 17 and 18, 2012; however, Dethklok's appearance was cancelled. The band was scheduled to co-headline a tour in North America with Lamb of God (with special guest Gojira) in August 2012; this tour was cancelled due to bail hearings at the time for Randy Blythe in the Czech Republic.  Dethklok toured North America, in support of "Dethalbum III", with Machine Head, All That Remains and The Black Dahlia Murder during November and December 2012. Bassist Pete Griffin filled in for several shows while Bryan Beller was touring with his band, The Aristocrats.  Dethklok performed at Festival Supreme on October 25, 2014, in Los Angeles, California.

Awards.

Dethklok received the award for best international band during the 2009 "Revolver" Golden God Awards. A clip of the band's acceptance speech was played after they were announced as the recipients. They were presented the award by Chuck Billy, best known for his work as the vocalist for the thrash metal band Testament. In 2013, "Dethalbum III" won an Independent Music Award for Best Metal/Hardcore Album.

Discography.

Studio albums.

As Dethklok As Brendon Small

Dethklok is a fictional death metal band featured in the Adult Swim animated television series "Metalocalypse". The first official Dethklok album was released on September 25, 2007, entitled "The Dethalbum". The album debuted at number 21 on Billboard Magazine's Top 200 list. The band released "Dethalbum II" on September 29, 2009, and toured with Mastodon, High on Fire and Converge. The band's third album, "Dethalbum III", was released on October 16, 2012. The soundtrack to the special episode, "" was released on October 29, 2013.

Dethklok ist eine fiktive skandinavisch-US-amerikanische Melodic-Death-Metal-Band, die Star der US-amerikanischen Zeichentrickserie "Metalocalypse" ist. Es existiert außerdem ein Line-up mit realen Musikern.