Andreas parish.

Br Olsen;183 (Andreas (I), MM 99).

This runestone is a stone cross that is located in the church Andreas. The inscription is in short-twig runes and it commemorates a father.  Latin transliteration:  Old Norse transliteration:  English translation:

Br Olsen;184 (Andreas (II), MM 131).

This stone cross is located in the church Andreas. It is engraved with short-twig runes, and it is dated to c. 940. It was erected in memory of a wife.  Latin transliteration:  Old Norse transliteration:  English translation:

Thorwald's Cross: Br Olsen;185A (Andreas (III), MM 128).

Referred to as Thorwald's Cross, this stone cross is found in the church Andreas. Only attribution to the one who raised the stone—Þorvaldr—remains of the message inscribed on the cross. It has been badly damaged since it was recorded. The stone depicts a bearded human holding a spear downward at a wolf, his right foot in its mouth, while a large bird sits at his shoulder. Rundata dates it to 940, while Pluskowski dates it to the 11th century.  This depiction has been interpreted as the Norse pagan god Odin, with a raven or eagle at his shoulder, being consumed by the wolf Fenrir during the events of Ragnarök. Next to the image is a depiction of a large cross and another image parallel to it that has been described as Christ triumphing over Satan. These combined elements have led to the cross as being described as "syncretic art"; a mixture of pagan and Christian beliefs. Andy Orchard comments that the bird on Odin's shoulder may be either Huginn or Muninn, Odin's ravens.  Latin transliteration:  Old Norse transliteration:  English translation:

Br Olsen;185B (Andreas (IV), MM 113).

This stone cross is located in the church Andreas. It is engraved with short-twig runes and it is dated to the 10th century. What remains of the message informs that it was raised in memory of someone.  Latin transliteration:  Old Norse transliteration:  English translation:

Br Olsen;185C (Andreas (V), MM 111).

Only fragments remain of this stone cross, and they are located in the church Andreas. The inscription has not been deciphered, but it is of note as it consists of unusual twig runes and bind runes.  Latin transliteration:  Old Norse transliteration:  English translation:

Br Page1998;9 (Andreas (VI), MM 121).

Only a fragment remains of this slab of stone that was once part of a grave. It is dated to the Viking Age and it is located in the church Andreas. Too little remains of the inscription to allow any decipherment.  Latin transliteration:  Old Norse transliteration:  English translation:

Br NOR1992;6B (Andreas (VII), MM 193).

This fragment was discovered at Larivane Cottage it is a slab of stone was once part of a grave. The inscription was made in relief form, and it is located in the Manx Museum. What remains of the inscription cannot be read.  Latin transliteration:  Old Norse transliteration:  English translation:

Ballaugh parish.

Br Olsen;189 (Ballaugh, MM 106).

This stone cross is located in Ballaugh. The inscription consists of short-twig runes and they are dated to the second half of the 10th century. It was raised in memory of a son.  Latin transliteration:  Old Norse transliteration:  English translation:

Lezayre parish.

Br Olsen;190A (Balleigh).

These fragments of a stone cross are found at Balleigh, and they are dated to the Viking Age. Only traces of runes remain and they cannot be read.  Latin transliteration:  Old Norse transliteration:  English translation:

Braddan parish.

Br Olsen;190B (Braddan (I), MM 112).

This stone cross is located in the church Braddan. The inscription consists of short-twig runes and they are dated to 930–950. It was raised in memory of a man.  Latin transliteration:  Old Norse transliteration:  English translation:

Br Olsen;191A (Braddan (II), MM 138).

This stone cross is found in the church Braddan. The inscription consists of short-twig runes and it is dated to the second half of the 10th century. It reports betrayal.  Latin transliteration:  Old Norse transliteration:  English translation:

Br Olsen;191B (Braddan (III), MM 136).

This stone cross is found in the church Braddan. The inscription consists of short-twig runes and it is dated to the 980s. The runemaster is identified as man named Thorbjörn, who also made Br Olsen;193A, below. It has been badly damaged since it was recorded.  Latin transliteration:  Old Norse transliteration:  English translation:

Br Olsen;193A (Braddan (IV), MM 135).

This runestone which is dated to the 980s is found in the church Braddan. The inscription consists of short-twig runes and they were made by the runemaster Thorbjörn, like Br Olsen;191B, above. It was made in memory of a son.  Latin transliteration:  Old Norse transliteration:  English translation:

Br Page1998;20 (Braddan (V), MM 176).

This fragment of a runestone is located in Manx Museum. It is probably from the Viking Age, but as of 2006, it had not yet been analysed.  Latin transliteration:  Old Norse transliteration:  English translation:

Br NOR1992;6A (Braddan (VI), MM 200).

This runestone consists of a fragment of slate. It is dated to the Viking Age and it is located in Manx Museum. The only message that remains consists of "made".  Latin transliteration:  Old Norse transliteration:  English translation:  " gerði " would also translate into modern Swedish as " gjorde" or English "did"... The meaning of the words "made" or "did" depends on the original context of the sentence as a whole (or at least the words surrounding this single word), which here appears lost.  The current use of the Swedish word "gjorde" is much more closely related to "did" than the word "made". Which is intended is impossible to say here.

Bride parish.

Br Olsen;193B (MM 118).

This stone cross is found in the church Bride. The inscription consists of short-twig runes and it is dated to between 930 and 950. It was raised in memory of a wife.  Latin transliteration:  Old Norse transliteration:  English translation:

Onchan parish.

Br Olsen;194 (MM 141).

This runestone consists of a short-twig runic inscription on an old Irish stone cross. The inscriptions A, B and C date from the Viking Age, while D is later. A and B were made by the same scribe, C and D were made by a second and a third one, while a fourth scribe made E, F and G.  Latin transliteration:  Old Norse transliteration:  English translation:

German parish.

Br Olsen;199 (German (I), MM 107).

This stone cross is located in the chapel of Saint John. The inscription is in short-twig runes and it is dated to between 930–950. The inscription is secondary and it is poorly preserved. Only a few main staffs are visible.  Latin transliteration:  Old Norse transliteration:  English translation:

Br Olsen;200A (German (II), MM 140).

This stone cross is found in Manx Museum. The inscription is in short-twig runes, but it may be later than the Viking Age. It was inscribed in memory of a wife.  Latin transliteration:  Old Norse transliteration:  English translation:

Jurby parish.

Br Olsen;200B (MM 127).

This stone cross is found in Jurby and the short-twig runes are dated to the second half of the 10th century. It has been badly damaged since it was recorded. One of the figures depicted on the cross holds a small sword in his right hand and an Alpine horn in his left while a raven flies overhead. It has been suggested that this figure represents the Norse pagan deity Heimdall holding the Gjallarhorn, used to announce the coming of Ragnarök.  Latin transliteration:  Old Norse transliteration:  English translation:

Marown parish.

Br Olsen;201 (MM 139).

This stone cross is located in Saint Trinian's chapel. The short-twig inscription is dated to the Viking Age.  Latin transliteration:  Old Norse transliteration:  English translation:

Maughold parish.

Br Olsen;202A (Maughold (I), MM 145).

This runic inscription is found on a stone slab that was used in a grave. It is located near the church Maughold. The inscription is dated to the second half of the 12th century, and it was made by the same runemaster as Br Olsen;202B. On the stone can also be seen the first half of the Ogham alphabet.  Latin transliteration:  Old Norse transliteration:  English translation:

Br Olsen;202B (Maughold (II), MM 144).

This inscription is found on a slab of stone that was used in a grave. It was discovered at the upper end of the Corna valley, but is now at the church Maughold. The short-twig inscription is dated to the second half of the 12th century and it was made by the same runemaster as Br Olsen;202A.  Latin transliteration:  Old Norse transliteration:  English translation:

Br Olsen;205A (Maughold (III), MM 133).

This fragment of a stone cross was found in Ballagilley. It is now located at the church Maughold. It is dated to the Viking Age but only four runes remain of the inscription.  Latin transliteration:  Old Norse transliteration:  English translation:

Br Olsen;205B (Maughold (IV), MM 142).

This inscription is dated to c. 1000 and found on a slab of stone that was used in a grave, and it is located at the church Maughold. The inscription is in long-branch runes, except for the s rune, and there is reason to believe that it was made by a visitor to the Isle of Man.  Latin transliteration:  Old Norse transliteration:  English translation:

Br Page1998;21 (Maughold (V), MM 175).

This inscription is found on a slab of stone that was used in a grave. It is located in the Manx Museum. It is in short-twig runes and it is dated to the Viking Age. It was engraved in memory of a wife.  Latin transliteration:  Old Norse transliteration:  English translation:

Michael parish.

Br Olsen;208A (Kirk Michael (I), MM 102).

This fragment of a stone cross is located in the church Kirk Michael. The inscription in short-twig runes is dated to the Viking Age.  Latin transliteration:  Old Norse transliteration:  English translation:

Br Olsen;208B (Kirk Michael (II), MM 101).

This stone cross is located in the church Kirk Michael, and it is dated to the Viking Age. The inscription is in short-twig runes and it was dedicated to a man while he was alive.  Latin transliteration:  Old Norse transliteration:  English translation:

Br Olsen;215 (Kirk Michael (III), MM 130).

This is an old Irish stone cross that received an inscription in long branch runes, and it was probably by a Danish visitor in the 11th century. There are ogham inscriptions on both sides.  Latin transliteration:  Old Norse transliteration:  English translation:

Br Olsen;217A (Kirk Michael (IV), MM 126).

This is a stone cross that is found in the church Michael. The inscription with short-twig runes was made in the second half of the 11th century.  Latin transliteration:  Old Norse transliteration:  English translation:

Br Olsen;217B (Kirk Michael (V), MM 132).

This is a stone cross that is located in the church Michael. The inscription in short-twig runes was made in the 980s by a runemaster named Thorbjörn.  Latin transliteration:  Old Norse transliteration:  English translation:

Br Olsen;218A (Kirk Michael (VI), MM 129).

This stone cross is located in the church Michael. It was engraved with short-twig runes in the second half of the 10th century.  Latin transliteration:  Old Norse transliteration:  English translation:

Br Olsen;218B (Kirk Michael (VII), MM 110).

This fragment of a stone cross is located in the church Kirk Michael. The inscription was made in short-twig runes between 930 and 950.  Latin transliteration:  Old Norse transliteration:  English translation:

Br Olsen;219 (Kirk Michael (VIII), MM 123).

This fragment of a stone cross is located in the church Kirk Michael. The inscription was made during the Viking Age with short-twig runes.  Latin transliteration:  Old Norse transliteration:  English translation:

The Manx runestones were made by the Norse population on the Isle of Man during the Viking Age, mostly in the 10th century. Despite its small size, the Isle of Man stands out with many Viking Age runestones, in 1983 numbering as many as 26 surviving stones, which can be compared to 33 in all of Norway. So many of them may appear on the Isle of Man because of the merging of the immigrant Norse runestone tradition with the local Celtic tradition of raising high crosses.

Die Ogham- und Runensteine der Isle of Man sind eine heterogene Gruppe von sechs Steinen, die zwischen dem 5. und 12. Jahrhundert entstanden. Beispiel der Verschmelzung der irischen (Déisi) und nordischen Kultur auf der Isle of Man (Wikinger-Königreich der Inseln vom 9. bis zum 13. Jahrhundert) sind zwei Steine, die Runen- und Ogham-Inschriften auf dem gleichen Stein kombinieren.


Education.

Gibbs attended Mars Hill College and North Carolina State University in his home state, where he earned an A.A. degree in 1958 and a B.S. degree in 1960, respectively. In 1965, he earned a Ph.D. in physics from the University of California at Berkeley with his thesis on "Total Spin-Exchange Cross-Sections for Alkali Atoms from Optical Pumping Experiments".

Career.

After earning his Ph.D., Gibbs remained at U.C. Berkeley as an Acting Assistant Professor until 1967. He then joined Bell Labs in Berkeley Heights, New Jersey where he worked until 1980. During his work there he collaborated on numerous experiments, including research on optical energy transfer in crystals with Samuel L. McCall and Steven Chu, a Nobel Prize winner and the United States Secretary of Energy. For one year during this period, 1975 to 1976, he was an exchange scientist at Philips in Eindhoven, Holland. He was also a visiting lecturer at Princeton University from 1978 to 1979.  In 1980 he moved to Tucson, Arizona to become a professor at the Optical Sciences Center at the University of Arizona. Here he founded the "Optical Circuitry Cooperative" in 1984, which conducted research relevant to optical processing, funded jointly by industry leaders in optics and optoelectronics. He remained its director until 1991 when the role was given to his collaborator, Dr. Nasser Peyghambarian. Gibbs was able to concentrate more fully on his research, particularly his work with Dr. Galina Khitrova and Dr. Stephan W. Koch on the quantum nano-optics of semiconductors. Gibbs became a professor emeritus in 2011, but continued his work until his death in 2012.

Asteroid Hyatt.

The unusual main-belt asteroid 221628 Hyatt was named in his honor on 3 July 2012 (), just two months before he died. The asteroid was discovered by his son Alex Gibbs of the Catalina Sky Survey, who proposed the name to the Minor Planet Center of the International Astronomical Union.

Personal life.

Gibbs' first marriage was to Lethia, with whom he had a son, Alex, and a daughter, Vanetta. His second marriage was to Galina Khitrova, with whom he collaborated professionally. On September 3, 2012, Hyatt M. Gibbs died in France at the age of 74 from mesothelioma complications.

Hyatt M. Gibbs (6 August 1938 – 3 September 2012) was a notable physicist and professor at the University of Arizona College of Optical Sciences. Well known for research in nonlinear optics and quantum optics, he authored a book on optical bistability, and was a recipient of the Humboldt Research Award and Michelson Medal.

Hyatt Mcdonald Gibbs (* 6. August 1938 in Hendersonville, North Carolina; † 3. September 2012 in Frankreich) war ein US-amerikanischer Physiker, der sich mit nichtlinearer Optik, Halbleiter-Photonik und Laserspektroskopie befasste.


Early life.

Michael Bishop was born in Bowdon, Cheshire. The son of a factory boss, aged six he was given a pleasure flight, and in 1949 his parents took him on an Aer Lingus flight to Dublin in search of chocolate, a rarity in the post-war rationing in Manchester.  Educated at the independent Mill Hill School in north London, he enjoyed flying and as a result took a series of school holiday jobs with an aerial photographer.

British Midland.

In 1963, Bishop joined the ground handling operation of Manchester-based Mercury Airlines, a schedule and charter airline, which was taken over by British Midland Airways (later re-branded as BMI) in October 1964. Bishop joined British Midland, and rose to become General Manager of the airline in 1969 and Managing Director in 1972.  In 1978, the London-based Minster Assets investment group, which owned British Midland, decided to sell its stake. With the help of an entrepreneurial Californian dentist, Bishop raised £2.5 million to lead the management buy-out, and was subsequently appointed chairman: "I had to borrow the money from an American citizen. Most venture capitalists want a return of 40% to make up for all their other failures, and they want an exit strategy." From 1969 he was the key driving force behind the steady growth of the airline, which held eleven percent of the landing and take-off slots at London Heathrow airport, second only to British Airways, and had a route network spanning Europe, North America, Asia and Africa.  Bishop formerly held a controlling 50% + 1 share stake of BMI, with German airline Lufthansa holding 30% minus 1 share, and SAS Airlines a further 20%. In October 2008, under a deal agreed in 1999 as part of the package for BMI to join the Star Alliance, Bishop agreed to sell his 50% stake to Lufthansa for an undisclosed sum, though reports suggested it was about £318m. BDLH (LH's holding vehicle) acquired Bishop's share on 1 July 2009, assuming full control of the company.

Honours and appointments.

Between 1991 and 1993, Bishop was deputy chairman of Channel 4 television, becoming chairman from 1993 to 1997. He was also a board member at Sir Nigel Rudd's Williams plc., and deputy chairman at Airtours.  In 1986, he was awarded the CBE, and in 1991 he was knighted. He was awarded the Honorary Degree of Doctor of Laws (LL.D) from the University of Leicester on 12 July 2007.  In an annual survey by "The Independent" of the UK's most influential gay men and women, Bishop was ranked as number 5 in 2005 and number 6 in 2006.  In February 2011, Bishop was created a life peer as Baron Glendonbrook, of Bowdon in the County of Cheshire, and was introduced in the House of Lords the next month, where he sits as a Conservative.

Personal life.

Bishop is openly gay and, since 2008, has spoken out publicly about gay rights and success in the workplace. He is often referred to as "dapper" by the press, to note his keen sense of elegance.  A member of the Conservative Party since the age of 17, he is chairman of the Board of Trustees of the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company—which promotes and sometimes, in recent years, has returned to producing the operas of Gilbert and Sullivan—due to his personal financial sponsorship. Bishop lives in London and at Bruern Abbey, West Oxfordshire, having purchased the 18th-century property in 2013. The Abbey has been completely refurbished under his ownership, including the installation of 'a large and impressive cantilever stone staircase and twenty-five kilometres of data cabling' as well as a 'large underground car park'.

Michael David Bishop, Baron Glendonbrook, (born 10 February 1942) is a British businessman and life peer who rose to prominence as owner of the airline BMI. He sold his stake in the airline to Lufthansa on 1 July 2009 and () had an estimated personal fortune of £280 million. He was one of the country's first openly gay senior executives.

Michael David Bishop, Baron Glendonbrook CBE (* 10. Februar 1942 in Bowdon (Greater Manchester)) ist ein britischer Geschäftsmann und Life Peer. Er wurde bekannt als Eigentümer von British Midland Airways, seine Anteile verkaufte er 2009 an die Lufthansa. Glendonbrook hat ein geschätztes Vermögen von 280 Mio £. Er war einer der ersten höheren Manager im Vereinigten Königreich, die sich offen zu ihrer Homosexualität bekannten.


Description.

The Kylver stone was found during the excavation of a cemetery near a farm at Kylver, Stånga, Gotland in 1903. The stone was a flat limestone rock used to seal a grave and the runic inscription was written on the underside, and could therefore not be read from above. The dating of the stone from 400 CE is based upon the archeological dating of the graves.  The Kylver stone was removed from Gotland and brought to the Swedish Museum of National Antiquities in Stockholm where it is not currently on display (2008).  The fact that the inscription was on the inside of a cover to a grave has resulted in speculation that it represented a use of the elder futhark to pacify the dead man in some manner. However, it has been pointed out that there is nothing in the inscription to support this. In addition, there is no evidence that the inscription was made for the purpose of being used on the cover of a grave. There are many examples where stone with runic inscriptions was reused for other purposes. It has been suggested that the likely purpose of making the inscription was for practice or instruction in the carving of the elder futhark.

Inscription.

The Kylver stone is inscribed with the earliest known sequential listing of the 24 runes of the elder futhark, with the a (ᚨ), s (<unk>), and b runes (ᛒ) mirrored compared to later use, and the z rune (ᛉ) upside down (<unk>). The dots in the image indicate incorrect or unorthodox forms like these in the original inscription. The f (<unk>) and w runes (ᚹ) runes are only partially inscribed.  After the last rune follows a spruce- or tree-like rune, with six twigs to the left and eight to the right of a single stave. This is interpreted as a bindrune of stacked Tiwaz rune, or possibly of six Tiwaz and four Ansuz runes to invoke Tyr and the Æsir for protection.  At a separate space the word <unk>ᚢᛖᚢ<unk> sueus is inscribed. The meaning of this latter palindromic word is unknown, but it is possible that it is associated with magic. One suggestion presented by Marstrander is that it is a magical writing of the word 'eus' (the nominative form of the word horse) starting from the e and writing either way. However, this suggestion has been criticized as being "linguistically impossible" for that time period. The small inscription also uses the younger futhark version of the s-rune. It is also possible that it refers to the Germanic tribe of the Suiones that inhabited the region, whose realm laid the basis for what became Sweden.

External links.

"SUEUS" may also be another word for "Schwaben", named after the Suebi or Suevi, sometimes also called Alemanni, a political and defense confederation created by a number of Germanic tribes north of the Rhine in defiance of the Roman Empire. According to the Roman writer Tacitus, writing in the 1st century AD, the Suebi confederation organized most of the Germanic tribes around the Baltic Sea. In fact, Tacitus names the Baltic Sea "Mare Suebicum". Of course, Gotland is located in the middle of the Baltic Sea.

The Kylver stone, listed in the Rundata catalog as runic inscription G 88, is a Swedish runestone which dates from about 400 AD. It is notable for its listing of each of the runes in the elder futhark.

Der Kylverstein ( G 88) erhielt seinen Namen nach dem Hof Kylver im gotländischen Stånga, wo der Kalkstein früher vermutlich als Grabplatte diente. Die Inschrift des Runensteins wurde etwa gegen 400 n. Chr. in den Stein geschlagen, weshalb manche annehmen, dass die Runenschrift über Gotland nach Schweden kam. Die ältesten Runensteine (der Einangstein und der Kjölevikstein aus Norwegen), von denen einer sogar an seinem ursprünglichen Platz steht, sind allerdings evtl. etwa gleich alt.


Overview.

The "Maharlika" were a martial class of freemen. Like the "Timawa", they were free vassals of their "Datu" who were exempt from taxes and tribute but were required to provide military service. In times of war, the "Maharlika" were obligated to provide and prepare weapons at their own expense and answer the summons of the "Datu", wherever and whenever that might be, in exchange for a share in the war spoils ("ganima"). They accompanied their ruler in battles as comrades-at-arms and were always given a share. 1/5 of the spoils goes to the Ginoo and the 4/5 will be shared among the Maharlikans who participated, who in turn will subdivide their shares to their own warriors. The "Maharlika" may also occasionally be obligated to work on the lands of the "Datu" and assist in projects and other events in the community.  Unlike the "Timawa", however, the "Maharlika" were more militarily-oriented than the "Timawa" nobility of the Visayas. While the "Maharlika" could change allegiances by marriage or by emigration like the "Timawa", they were required to host a feast in honor of their current "Datu" and paid a sum ranging from six to eighteen pieces of gold before they could be freed from their obligations. In contrast, the "Timawa" were free to change allegiances at any time, as exemplified by the action of Rajah Humabon upon the arrival of Ferdinand Magellan.  The earliest appearance of the term is "manlica" mentioned in the Boxer Codex with the meaning of "freeman". The only other contemporary account of the "Maharlika" class was by the Franciscan friar Juan de Plasencia in the 16th century. He distinguished them from the hereditary nobility class of the Tagalogs (the "maginoo" class, which included the "datu"). The historian William Henry Scott believes that the class originated from high-status warriors who married into the "maginoo" blood or were perhaps remnants of the nobility class of a conquered line. Similar high-status warriors in other Philippine societies like that of the Bagobo and the Bukidnon did not inherit their positions, but were acquired through martial prowess.

Etymology.

The term "maharlika" is a loanword from Sanskrit "maharddhika" (महर्द्धिक), a title meaning "man of wealth, knowledge, or ability". Contrary to modern definitions, it did not refer to the ruling class, but rather to a warrior class (which were minor nobility) of the Tagalog people, directly equivalent to Visayan "timawa". Like "timawa", the term also has connotations of "freeman" or "freed slave" in both Filipino and Malay languages.  In some Indo-Malayan languages, as well as the languages of the Muslim areas of the Philippines, the cognates "mardika", "merdeka", "merdeheka", and "maradika" mean "freedom" or "freemen" (as opposed to servitude). The Malay term "mandulika", also meant "governor".  The Merdicas (also spelled Mardicas or Mardikas), whose name comes from the same etymon, were also the Catholic native inhabitants of the islands of Ambon, Ternate, and Tidore of the Moluccas in modern-day Indonesia, converted during the Portuguese and Spanish occupation of the islands by Jesuit missionaries. Most were enslaved or expelled to Batavia (modern Jakarta) and Java when the Dutch Empire conquered Ambon in 1605. The remaining Catholic natives in Ternate and Tidore were resettled by the Spanish in the communities of Ternate and Tanza, Cavite, Manila in 1663 when the Spanish evacuated the islands under threat of invasion by the Dutch-allied Muslim sultanates.  The name of the Mardijker people of Batavia also comes from the same etymon, and referred to freed slaves and servants under Dutch rule who were composed largely of Portuguese-speaking Catholic Goans, Moluccan Merdicas, and Filipinos (the Papangers) captured by Moro raiders.

Modern usage.

Usage as propaganda during the Marcos regime.

During the "New Society Movement" ("Kilusang Bagong Lipunan") era in the Philippines, former Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos used the word "Maharlika" to promote an authoritarian view of Filipino nationalism under martial law, incorrectly claiming that it referred to the ancient Filipino nobility and included the kings and princes of ancient Philippine society. Marcos was influential in making "Maharlika" a trendy name for streets, edifices, banquet halls, villages and cultural organizations. Marcos himself utilized the word to christen a highway, a broadcasting corporation, and the reception area of the Malacañan Palace. Marcos' utilization of the word started during the Second World War. Marcos claimed that he had commanded a group of guerrillas known as the Maharlika Unit. Marcos also used "Maharlika" as his personal "nom de guerre", depicting himself as the most bemedalled anti-Japanese Filipino guerrilla soldier during World War II. During the martial law period in the Philippines, the Philippine film industry produced a film entitled "Maharlika" to present his "war exploits".

Usage as a new name for the Philippines.

Senator Eddie Ilarde was the first to propose to rename "the Philippines" into "Maharlika" in 1978, citing the need to honor the country's ancient heritage before the Spanish and Americans occupied the country. Ferdinand Marcos was in favor of changing the name of the Philippines into "Maharlika", thinking it meant "nobility", as a symbol of nationalism. Despite the misconception of its meaning, "Maharlika" as a proposed new name for the Philippines remains popular among Muslim Filipinos, the Lumad, and other Filipino ethnic groups who fought the Spanish colonization. They view the name "Philippines" as a colonial reminder of the ruler of their previous colonial masters. In 2019, President Rodrigo Duterte reiterated the idea, thinking that it means "more of a concept of serenity and peace".

Usage in popular culture.

The modern use of "Maharlika" persists in original Philippine music (OPM), notably in the lyrics of "Ako ay Pilipino".  The word "Maharlika" is used by the semi-professional basketball league Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League or the MPBL.

The Maharlika (meaning freeman or freedman) were the feudal warrior class in ancient Tagalog society in Luzon, the Philippines. The Spanish translated the name as "Hidalgos" (or "libres"). They belonged to the lower nobility class similar to the "Timawa" of the Visayan people. In modern Filipino, however, the term has come to mean "royal nobility", which was actually restricted to the hereditary "Maginoo" class.

Maharlika wurden in der vorkolonialen Ära Mitglieder der Tagalog-Krieger-Klasse genannt, die auf der Insel Luzon im Norden der heutigen Philippinen lebten. Sie hatten die gleichen Rechte und Pflichten wie die gesellschaftlich über ihnen stehenden Klasse des Adels, der Timawa, und bildeten über den unfreien Alipin die dritte Klasse im Gesellschaftssystem der vorkolonialen feudalen Tagalog-Gesellschaft.


Early and family life.

Born in Fairfax, Virginia to lawyer Thomas Moore (1819-1899) of Fairfax and his wife (the former Hannah Morris (1835-1912) of Gilbertsville, New York), Moore had five younger sisters who survived to adulthood: Susan Lindsay Moore Donohoe (1862-1888)(wife of S. R. Donohoe, state senator and editor of the "Fairfax Herald"), Jennie Morris Moore (1868-1940), Helen Stuyvesant Moore (1868-1954; her twin Billie among the siblings dying as infants), Edith M. Keith (who married her brother's law partner Thomas R. Keith) and Margaret Lindsay Moore (1873-1953).  Moore later took pride that his ancestors included the Lindsays on the paternal side and Lewis Morris (signer of the Declaration of Independence) and his son General Jacob Morris (brother of Gouveneur Morris) on the maternal side. His paternal great grandfather Jeremiah Moore, an early Baptist minister who had been imprisoned for his religious dissent, married Lydia Renno and moved from Stafford County to Fairfax County, where descendants continued to farm. His grandfather served in the War of 1812 and married Susan Lindsay. His father Thomas Moore served as a soldier in the Mexican War and in the Confederate States Army during American Civil War, then as deputy clerk of Court. While continuing his legal practice, Thomas Moore also served as the first Superintendent of the Fairfax County Public Schools beginning in 1870.  Young Robert Moore attended the private schools, then Episcopal High School in Alexandria. He then studied at the University of Virginia at Charlottesville, where he was a member of the Chi Phi Fraternity. The College of William and Mary later awarded him a Phi Beta Kappa key and honorary LLD, and he was active in the Phi Beta Kappa society in Washington, D.C. A lifetime bachelor, Moore lived with his unmarried sisters in Fairfax City (or later Washington when a Congressman and Congress was in session) and served on the vestry of Truro Episcopal Church.

Career.

Moore taught in the Fairfax schools while studying for the bar under the supervision of a local judge. He was admitted to the bar in 1880 and practiced in Virginia and Washington, D.C., initially with his father, then with Mr. Keith as Moore & Keith and later as senior partner at Moore, Barbour & Keith.  From 1907 until World War I Moore was special counsel for Southern carriers in cases before the Interstate Commerce Commission, the United States Commerce Court, and the United States Supreme Court, which limited his private legal practice. Active in the Virginia Bar Association, Moore served as its president in 1911. He was assistant general counsel of the United States Railroad Administration in 1918 and 1919.

Virginia politics.

Voters in Alexandria, Fairfax and Prince William Counties elected Moore to the Virginia State Senate, where he served one term (1887-1890) in the part-time position, succeeding Elisha E. Meredith. Active in Democratic Party politics, Moore was a presidential elector for Grover Cleveland in 1892. In 1896 Moore was mentioned as a candidate for the U.S. Congress, but did not receive the party's nomination (fellow Democrat John Franklin Rixey being elected instead). Although later known as a maverick within the state party, Moore declined to run for U.S. Senate against incumbent Democratic Senator Thomas S. Martin in 1898.  Fairfax County voters elected Moore to the State constitutional convention in 1901 and 1902, in which his young law partner John S. Barbour represented Culpeper County. As chairman of the committee on the legislative department and member of the finance and revision committees, Moore promoted better highways and funding for public schools. That convention would become known for creating the State Corporation Commission, as well as for disenfranchising African American and poor white voters, contributing to the growth of Senator Martin's political organization that later became the Byrd Organization. Moore, despite personal misgivings about the proclamation method to put it into effect. Rather than submit it to voters as had the 1869 document it would supersede, he proposed that it would become effective when approved by the General Assembly, as eventually happened. Nonetheless, Moore and state senator C. O'Conor Goolrick (of Fredericksburg, Virginia and first elected in 1908) were considered mavericks, beyond organization control.  Moore served on the boards of visitors of both the College of William and Mary and the University of Virginia. On December 7, 1922, he was appointed a member of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. He also served as vice-president of the Virginia Historical Society and as a board member of the Library of Virginia.

US Representative.

Voters of Virginia's 8th congressional district elected Moore as a Democrat to the Sixty-sixth Congress in a special election to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Charles Creighton Carlin, who had succeeded Rixey for the seat that Moore had wanted in 1896. Moore was re-elected five times, serving from April 27, 1919 to March 3, 1931. He was a ranking member of the Foreign Affairs Committee although a member of the minority party. He declined re-election in 1930, as he was beyond normal retirement age. He nonetheless served two years as a member of the State Board of Education after his retirement. His successor was Howard W. Smith, a lieutenant in the Byrd Organization during Massive Resistance.

New Dealer.

His close friend and political ally, Secretary of State Cordell Hull convinced Moore to join the "Brain Trust" of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, succeeding Professor Raymond Moley. He became an Assistant Secretary of State, where he worked under Secretary of State Hull beginning September 19, 1933, and took Hull's place during travels. Many other Virginia Democrats followed the lead of Senator Harry F. Byrd and opposed the New Deal. Moore handled some patronage in the state, and advised Roosevelt to help Governor James Hubert Price as well as Judge Floyd Roberts of Bristol, Virginia, whom Byrd's ally Senator Carter Glass found "personally offensive."  In 1937, Hull needed to fill the most important position in the Department, Under Secretary of State. His two principal candidates were Moore and Sumner Welles, Assistant Secretary of State for Latin American Affairs (a close ally and favorite of the President). Hull promised Moore the post, but never forced the issue with President Roosevelt. Eventually, Welles won the position, but Moore's appointment as the Department Counselor was announced at the same time. Though both Moore and Welles gained new titles, Welles took the position they both wanted. Moore served as Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Import-Export Banks, as well as on the Central Committee of the American Red Cross, among other committees. In subsequent years (until his death in 1941), Moore worked on issues including legal questions, aviation, and arms control.  In late 1940, when Welles made homosexual propositions to two railroad porters, the matter was initially hushed up. Moore learned of the incident from his friend Ernest Norris, president of the Southern Railway. Norris gave Moore affidavits from the men involved, and just before his death, Moore passed them to former ambassador William C. Bullitt, who eventually forced Welles' resignation in 1943.

Death and legacy.

Moore died in Fairfax, Virginia on February 8, 1941, after an illness of two months. Virginia Theological Seminary Dean Alexander C. Zabriskie and Rev. Gray Temple officiated at his funeral at Truro church, which was attended by Secretary of State Hull, Virginia's governor Price, White House representatives, four U.S. Congressmen (S. Otis Bland, Thomas G. Burch, Colgate Darden, Howard W. Smith), many diplomats and neighbors (including pallbearers Francis Pickens Miller and state senator John W. Rust) as well as at least two of his sisters. Moore was then interred in the Fairfax City Cemetery beside his parents.  The Liberty ship was named in his honor in 1944. His papers, including an unpublished autobiography, are at the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library in Hyde Park, New York.

Robert Walton Moore (February 6, 1859 – February 8, 1941) was an American lawyer and politician. A lifelong resident of Fairfax, Virginia, he served as a state senator, member of the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1902, with the Interstate Commerce Commission and in the United States House of Representatives from 8th Congressional District. One of few Virginia politicians to embrace the New Deal, Moore interrupted his retirement to serve as Assistant Secretary of State until his death.

Robert Walton Moore (* 6. Februar 1859 in Fairfax, Virginia; † 8. Februar 1941 ebenda) war ein US-amerikanischer Politiker. Zwischen 1919 und 1931 vertrat er den Bundesstaat Virginia im US-Repräsentantenhaus.


Anthony St John, 22nd Baron St John of Bletso

Anthony St. John, 22. Baron St. John of Bletso

Life and career.

Born to Andrew St John, 21st Baron St John of Bletso, he succeeded to his father's titles in 1978. He was educated at the University of Cape Town, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science, and at the University of South Africa, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Laws. He was further educated at the London School of Economics and received a Master of Laws. Lord St John took his seat in the House of Lords in 1979.  Between 1985 and 2002, he worked as an oil analyst at County NatWest Securities and then Smith New Court Plc and thereafter served as a consultant to Merrill Lynch until 2008. He built up the Internet Datacentre business of Globix Corporation in the UK and then became President of Global Sales and Marketing for the International Group. Between 2004 and 2012, he was Non-Executive Chairman of Spiritel Plc, a telecommunications service provider and served as a Non-Executive Director at Sharp Interpak, WMRC and Pecaso. He has also been on the Advisory Board of Infinity SDC and Chayton Capital with the focus on agriculture and business opportunities in Africa. His company, African Business Solutions, assists International companies seeking to invest in Africa specifically in infrastructure, broadband, financial services and renewable energy. He currently serves as Chairman and Non-Executive Director of several listed and un-listed companies.  Since 1998 Lord St John has served as an extra Lord-in-Waiting to HM The Queen. He has recently served on the House of Lords Communications Select Committee and the Ad hoc select committee on artificial intelligence. He is currently Vice Chairman of the All Party Parliamentary Africa Group, Zimbabwe group and South Africa group as well as the endangered species group. He served as Chairman of the charity, Citizens Online from 2001 to 2008. He is currently a trustee of Christel House Europe and trustee emeritus of Alexandra Rose Charities, Tusk Trust and Television Trust for the environment.  His special interests are foreign affairs, particularly Africa, clean technology, wildlife conservation and sport. He plays a proactive role in the charitable sector, as a trustee of 7 charities mostly focused on poverty reduction, education and wildlife conservation in Southern Africa.

Personal.

Anthony St John is married to Sabine St John, they have 5 children between them

Anthony Tudor St John, 22nd Baron St John of Bletso (born 16 May 1957) is a British peer, politician, businessman and solicitor. He is one of the ninety hereditary peers elected to remain in the House of Lords after the House of Lords Act 1999. He speaks on African affairs (and is a notable expert on Southern Africa), deregulation, financial services and information technology. Rather than aligning with a particular political party, he remains a crossbencher.

Anthony Tudor St. John, 22. Baron St. John of Bletso (* 16. Mai 1957) ist ein britischer Peer und Geschäftsmann. Er ist als Crossbencher Mitglied des House of Lords.


Plot.

In 1930 Belgrade, Yugoslavia, eleven passionate, mostly anonymous but very talented soccer players and their journey from the cobblestone streets of impoverished Belgrade neighborhoods to the formation of the national team before the very first World Cup in faraway Uruguay. So far away that the country's capital, Montevideo, seems more a distant dream than a familiar reality. Named after the city where the inaugural World Cup was held, director Dragan Bjelogrlić's adaptation of journalist Vladimir Stanković's best-selling book centers on the relationship between the two top players: natural talent and poor boy Tirke (Miloš Biković) and playboy superstar Moša (Petar Strugar).  The two young men eventually become friends when they're thrown together on the front line of the dominant local team, BSK Belgrade￼￼. As the club hierarchy is faced with the challenge of keeping the squad afloat, the opportunity arises to create a national team. However, team unity is strained when Tirke and Moša clash over beautiful women. Rosa (Danina Jeftić), the voluptuous, small-town innocent who adores Tirke, but her soccer-mad uncle conspires to set her up with Moša; and vampish Valeria (Nina Janković), a rich flapper who seduces Moša and finds much fun in pitting him against Tirke. The initial doubt that surrounded their personal and professional lives is transformed into a shared ambition to prove themselves in Montevideo; as a result, a story about friendship, enthusiasm, persistence and love for the game is unraveled.

DVD and TV series.

The movie was released on DVD during 2011.  On 1 January 2012 it was broadcast on RTS1, achieving stellar ratings with over 3.1 million viewers.  The extended version of the film, including 5 hours of footage unseen in the theatrical cut, began to be broadcast as the eponymous television series on RTS starting 13 February 2012, and onwards weekly every Monday in the 8pm prime time slot. Nine episodes aired, with the first season concluding on 9 April 2012.  The second series, titled "Na putu za Montevideo", (season two) began on 31 December 2012, this time airing Sundays. The plot now moved to the preparations for the long trip to Uruguay. Nine more episodes were shown concluding on 10 March 2013.  In July 2013, the first series began airing in Croatia on RTL Televizija.  On 3 August 2013, "Montevideo, God Bless You!", aired on the Chinese CCTV-6 network.  On 15 January 2014, the sequel feature film "Montevideo, vidimo se!" got released in theaters.

Montevideo, God Bless You! (/"Montevideo, Bog te video!"; internationally titled Montevideo, Taste of a Dream) is a 2010 Serbian film directed by Dragan Bjelogrlić about the events leading to the participation of the Yugoslavia national football team at the first FIFA World Cup in Montevideo, Uruguay in July 1930. The film gained considerable media attention throughout 2010 and achieved significant box office success in Serbia since its release on December 21, 2010. The entire project has been hugely successful regionally thus far. More than 520,000 people in Serbia saw the first film, which won numerous awards.

Montevideo, Taste of a Dream: Film 1 (Originaltitel: "Montevideo, Bog te video: Film 1") ist ein serbischer Film des Regisseurs und Schauspielers Dragan Bjelogrlić aus dem Jahr 2010. Das Drehbuch wurde von Srđan Dragojević und Ranko Božić geschrieben und basiert auf dem Buch von Vladimir Stanković, Sportjournalist, inspiriert vom Erfolg der Nationalmannschaft des Königreichs Jugoslawien (damals aus Serbischen Fußballspielern zusammengestellt) auf der Fußball-WM in Uruguay 1930.


History.

In toponymic terms, "Portela" gets its name from two Portuguese definitions: "portela" is derived from a corruption of the Latin "portulla" or "portella", which means "small door" or "entryway", since it can be considered the accessway to Lisbon (and/or south part of the Tagus estuary); the term "portela" is also, literally "a point where a road or street forms a bend or angle, ordinarily in a bottleneck or tributary". Geographically, the second statement is also true, since the parish's northern limits are cornered by two important bends (Avenida Infante Dom Henriques-IC17 and IC17-A1).  Portela's masterplan was deeply inspired by Swiss architect Le Corbusier's utopian scheme of ""A Contemporary City for 3 Million People"" (1922), and its urbanism based on the premise of a modern architecture that was exposed it to the maximum levels of sun, air and nature (as stated in the 1933 Athens Charter of Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne).  Similarly, in the early part of the 1960s, a development in Buenos Aires had a comparable effect on the future urbanization of Portela; the development was geometric in design, with composite linear roadways around a central centre. In Lisbon, a similar layout was achieved by a New York architect, who was commissioned to construct a development that centred on a large commercial mall in the 1970s (the first of its type to be completed using urban planning concepts in the capital). The idea was to organize apartment blocks around a central commercial structure, in order to create a pole of socio-economic activities. Constituted in 1985, the civil parish of Portela has become a Portuguese reference for urban architecture.  In 1965, a draft plan for the future scheme was approved by the Government, implying the expropriation of five farms which were sharing this parcel of land and supplying Lisbon with agricultural goods. The plan, covering an area of 50 hectares, laid out a vision for a future area with 4500 homes and all sort of social equipments, responding to the big demand of housing for the people who were flocking to the Capital in a high number either from the ex-colonies in Africa or from other parts of the country.  The early residents of the modern Portela were young couples with their children, many returning from the Portuguese Colonies, others liberal professionasl such as lawyers, engineers, physicians, or judges and some older politicians, ostensibly from middle- to upper-middle class. The growth of the region was influenced by the youth culture, a bohemian collection of punk, metal, anarchist and others on the vanguard of the youth movement, who would spend time in the Bairro Alto district, ending their nights in Cais do Sodré, Jamaica, Tóquio or Shangrila. As time evolved, the Association of Portela Homeowners, the parish Church and the "Junta Freguesia" became more active in the activities of the residents. By the 1990s, the youth movement had moved on to areas of Alcântara-Mar, the Kapital or the Kremlin. At this time, the "Esplanada da Portela" (the main strip), with its open-air green-spaces attracted more of the local residents, and slowly the tennis courts and football field were constructed to fix the local population. As the population continued to age, many married and moved away, although some remained in the region while others moved closer to the river's edge, as the Expo 98 lands were repurposed for residential living.

Geography.

Bordering the urban parishes of Moscavide, Sacavém, Prior Velho and the municipality of Lisbon (parish of Santa Maria dos Olivais), Portela includes approximately 20,000 inhabitants in an area of about one km2. It is located barely two kilometres from Lisbon's International Airport and at the intersection of two of Portugal's main road axisways: the A1 (Lisbon-Oporto motorway) and A12-IC17 CRIL (Circular Regional Interior de Lisboa) inter-urban ring-roadway (linking it directly to the Vasco da Gama bridge and the southern part of the Tagus estuary. The parish is situated on a gentle slope running west to east forming a slight plateau. Starting from the southern edge of the Seminary of Olivais, the southern border extends east to the on/off-ramps of the Vasco da Gama bridge, then follows the motorway northeast until the intersection of the A1-E1 cloverleaf interchange. The border then follows the A1-E1 west until the interchange at "Avenida Mal. Craveiro Lopes", where it bypasses the "Avenida Dr. Alfredo Bensaúde", instead following the "Estrada da Circunvalação" until the "Largo dos Bombeiros", before returning to the Seminary. It is several blocks north of the "Parque das Nações" (), which lies in the neighbouring Santa Maria dos Olivais.  Its demographics identify an area that includes 41% youth, while only 5.6% seniors, indicating a relatively young population; infant natality (130) to mortality (63) from 1997 identifies a community that is growing (1997). Portela is a high-density residential neighborhood situated on the northeastern section of Lisbon's city boundary. It is the home of 11809 people, most of whom commute to Lisbon for work and leisure. The Commercial Centre of Portela (), hosts one of the higher builduing in Lisbon, Concórdia (80m), the Church of Cristo Rei da Portela, the "Parque Desportivo da Associação dos Moradores da Portela", the Seminary of Olivais and the parks of Almeida Garrett and Descobertas, are examples of the urban social and cultural structures that have attracted residents to the area in the past. The "Centro Comercial" is situated in the heart of the civil parish, at the former-centre of the communities traditional centre. It was remodelled and reinvigorated to include new shops such as computer and technology, spas, clothing/apparel outlets and shoe shops, in addition to banking. The Church of Cristo Rei da Portela is the pride of the Catholic faith community; erected slowly, through local contributions, it is a significant modern architectural design uncommon to the other Portuguese styles. The parish has a Complex with two pools, that is operated by the municipal company GesLoures. One pool of the Complex (25 x 12,5 meters) is used for swim competitions, training and more advanced classes, while the other (12.5 x 8 metres) is used for more basic swimming classes. The facilities were one of the few buildings to the constructed to be energy efficient, recycling energy, utilizing solar panels and reducing the consume of energy and emissions of carbon dioxide. The "Parque Desportivo" has three tennis courts and field, an esplanade and a swimming pool. Generally, the parish is a linear alignment of roads, comprising a hundred 10- to 12-storey buildings, that form a rectangle which has a circular shaped shopping centre and a 20-storey tower at its very middle point.  With a large population density (approximately 12430 inhabitants per square kilometre), the parish is equipped with many collective structures including water supplies, sewage treatment, garbage pickup (with access to landfill in Vila Franca de Xira) and recently the canalization of natural gas. In the northwest corner of the civil parish, on the corner of "Avenida do Ralis" and the "Estrada da Circunvalação", remains a degraded part of this modern civil parish, consisting of dozens of bungalows, abandoned buildings and ruins.

Portela () is a former civil parish in the municipality of Loures, Lisbon District, Portugal. In 2013, the parish merged into the new parish Moscavide e Portela.

Portela ist ein Ort und eine ehemalige Gemeinde (Freguesia) im portugiesischen Kreis Loures. Die Gemeinde hatte 11.816 Einwohner (Stand 30. Juni 2011).


Biography.

A graduate of Agricultural University of Poznań in Poznań (currently known as the University of Life Sciences) in 1964 she attended the College of Fine Arts (later University of Arts) in Poznań and received her diploma at the faculty of painting in 1966 in the studio of Professor. M. Szmańda. She worked at the university until 1992. She started at the studio of M. Abakanowicz and became in 1980 head of the color studio at the Faculty of Interior Design. In 1991 she founded Schola Posnaniensis, the Higher School of Applied Arts and was its president and a lecturer until 2007.

Artistic activity.

She commenced her artistic activity in the 1970s by creating woven forms and spatial structures, metal structures covered with weaving material. This was also the time of the introduction of tapestry into spatial designs such as "Landscape activities", which were a form of performance to be recorded photographically. The later period was marked by the artist's return to weaving techniques which she applied in her work ever since. Participation in the prestigious 5th International Biennial of Tapestry in Lausanne in 1971 led to the invitations to the succeeding bi-annual events and paved the way to many exhibitions worldwide. Her presentation at the 1979 International Biennial turned out to be a breakthrough: the tapestries "Madonna from Krużlowa" and "Marilyn Monroe". This confrontation of two canons of beauty, history and modern times was the artist's response to the discussion between twentieth-century artists on the mutual infiltration of various art disciplines. A frequent theme of the monumental works of Plewka-Schmidt is the contemplation of time, its passing, its impact on people and the interpretation of the traditions of the past. In her wall tapestry compositions the artist uses, among others, familiar images of secular art and objects of worship.

Individual exhibitions.

Since 1972 several domestic and foreign exhibitions including: Pittsburg, Geneva, Hertogenbosch, Eindhoven, Freiburg, Chicago, Stockholm, Moscow.

Group exhibitions.

Since 1965 participation in many domestic and foreign exhibitions and international presentations of Polish art including: Lausanne, Haarlem, Groningen, Venlo, Edinburgh, Liverpool, London, Havana, Brno, Chicago, Austin, Cleveland, Copenhagen, Aalborg, Prague, Chicago, New York, Berlin, Hamburg, Lille, Paris, Zagreb, Belgrade, Düsseldorf, San Francisco, Helsinki, Madrid, Lisbon, Moscow, Mexico City, Regstrup, Angers.

Urszula Plewka-Schmidt (29 December 1939, Smogulecka Wieś, Poland - 20 January 2008, Pławno, Poland) was a Polish artist and teacher, a co-founder of the "Polish school of tapestry", creator of monumental wall compositions.

Urszula Plewka-Schmidt (* 29. Dezember 1939 in Smogulecka Wieś, Polen; † 20. Januar 2008 in Pławno, Polen) war eine polnische Künstlerin und Pädagogin. Sie war Vertreterin der neuen Kunstrichtung Polska Szkoła Tkacka (Polnische Textilschule) und Autorin monumentaler Wandkompositionen.


Movements.

The composition of about 14 minutes presents a theme with six character variations, framed by an introduction and a postlude. Each variation expresses a movement or gesture similar to a mime artist or a dancer.

History.

"Gestural Variations", op. 43, was commissioned by bassoonist Henry Skolnick and written for the annual conference 1997 of the International Double Reed Society (IDRS). It was first performed in 1997 by John Dee, Henry Skolnick and José Lopez at the Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois. G. Salter remarked in the "Double Reed News": "The composer's purposeful use of ambiguous, shifting harmonies and overlapping unisons sets these contrasts in miniature apart from much that is being written today, conveying the uncertainties of our times." This first version follows the scoring of Poulenc's Trio for oboe, bassoon and piano.  A second version, op. 43a, was written in 1999 for clarinet, cello and piano, a trio combination for which Beethoven composed his "Trio" op. 11 ("Gassenhauer-Trio"), Johannes Brahms his "Klarinettentrio" op. 114 and Alexander Zemlinsky his "Trio" op. 3, among others. This setting of Gestural Variations appears on a recording "Portrait", a selection of the composer's chamber music on Cybele Records, played by Markus Schön as the clarinettist, Waterhouse as the cellist, and Michael Wendeberg as the pianist. A review of Hubert Culot stated: The "highly contrasted variations display a remarkable instrumental mastery, that makes this work a feast from first to last." The versions were published by Hofmeister, Leipzig, in 1998 and 1999 respectively.  Gestural Variations in a third version, op. 43b, for oboe, cello and piano was awarded a prize at the competition of "Via Nova" in Weimar and premiered there on 31 March 2000.  The UK premiere of the clarinet version was played on 5 November 2002 in a Composer Portrait Concert with Graham Waterhouse in the St. Cyprian's Church in London.  The original version opened the Welcome Recital 6 of the British Double Reed Society at the IDRS conference 2009 in Birmingham, played by Richard Simpson, Julie Price and Janet Simpson.  A fourth version, op. 43c, for flute, cello and piano was premiered at the Gasteig Munich on 20 December 2009, played by Jens Josef, Waterhouse, and Rudi Spring. This version was played there again on 11 April 2010, this time with Christopher White as the pianist.

Gestural Variations, Op. 43, is a trio composition by Graham Waterhouse in 1997 originally for oboe, bassoon and piano. Later versions are scored for clarinet, cello and piano (1999) and flute, cello and piano (2009).

Gestural Variations op. 43 ist eine Trio-Komposition von Graham Waterhouse, die er 1997 zunächst für die Besetzung Oboe, Fagott und Klavier schrieb. Spätere Versionen des Variationenwerks entstanden für Klarinette, Violoncello und Klavier (1999) sowie Flöte, Cello und Klavier (2009).


Biography.

Christine Delphy was born in 1941 to her parents who owned a local pharmacy. In the documentary film on her life and ideas, ""Je ne suis pas féministe, mais..."" (""I am not a femnist, but..."") Delphy describes an early feminist consciousness in observing her parents: though running the pharmacy was labor-intensive for both of them, when they came home at lunch, Delphy noticed her father putting his feet up to rest and read the newspaper while her mother was obliged to cook a midday meal and then do the dishes before they both returned to work.  Nevertheless, Delphy did not always identify as a feminist, owing to stigma around the term. In a television interview in 1985, she described a period of her life when she routinely prefaced comments with, ""Je ne suis pas féministe, mais..."" (the phrase from which the film draws its title).

Education.

Delphy studied sociology at the University of Chicago, the University of Paris and the University of California, Berkeley. Returning to France, Delphy was interested in pursuing a dissertation project on women, but she describes in "Je ne suis pas féministe, mais..." meeting resistance to the topic in her then-advisor Pierre Bourdieu, who told Delphy that there was no one to advise such a project because no one researches women (though French sociologists like Andrée Michel had already published significant research). Delphy agreed to pursue rural sociology instead, but the question of women, and particularly the economic role women played, emerged in this project as well. While pursuing fieldwork, "I realized there was a whole set of goods that absolutely did not pass through the marketplace," with much of women's economic contributions functioning as unpaid labor, in contrast to the wage labor that was central to theories of capitalist oppression (that is, the capitalist class extracts the value between the wages they pay workers and the actual value of what the workers produce). "To a degree, the outline of [Delphy's magnum opus] "The Main Enemy" was already there. The bringing to light not just the economic exploitation of women, but a specific form of economic exploitation."

Academic career.

Delphy got a job as a researcher in 1978 and began applying for Director of Research (full professor) positions around 1990, but it took her nine years to win this promotion, encountering overt discrimination against her as a lesbian. In "Je ne suis pas féministe, mais..." she describes an incident where a faculty member responsible for reviewing her work for promotion offered his department an account that left out one of Delphy's major books, dismissed her research, and then added, "Plus, she's homosexual."

Activism.

Delphy arrived in the U.S. in 1962 during the Civil Rights Movement, and says that it was in the United States that she came to see the reality of racism. "Racism existed at home in France, but I didn't see it." In 1965 Delphy left Berkeley to work for the Washington Urban League and, through these experiences in the Civil Rights Movement, developed a belief in the value of oppressed groups (like women) developing autonomous activist movements, as African-Americans had done. She returned to France and after the evens of May 1968, took part in a feminist group FMA (Féminin Masculin Avenir), which with other groups would eventually form the Women's Liberation Movement (Mouvement de Libération des Femmes, or MLF). In August 1970, Delphy and other members of the MLF brought flowers to the "unknown wife of the unknown soldier," the first of the MLF's actions to receive attention in the media. Delphy is openly lesbian and a member of the Gouines rouges ("Red Dykes").  In 1971, she added her name to the Manifesto of the 343, publicly declaring she'd had an abortion when it was illegal in France.  In more recent years, the implementation of the 2004 French law on secularity and conspicuous religious symbols in schools—a law which includes banning French Muslim school-girls from wearing their headscarfs on school grounds—brought the issues and discrimination facing French Muslim women to Delphy's attention. In response to this, Delphy confronted and addressed the reaction of many French feminists who support the law, criticizing this stance as hypocritical and racist.

Ideas.

Materialist Feminism  Delphy was a pioneer of materialist feminism, applying a materialist approach to gender relations. Delphy analyzes inequalities between men and women as rooted in a material economic basis, specifically the domestic relations of production. This revision of Marxism questioned the idea that there are only capitalist classes. For Delphy, gender is also a position in the mode of production (domestic labor). In this view, the main enemy of women as a class is not capital but patriarchy. She also developed an analysis of gender arguing that gender precedes sex. Her theory constitutes a landmark in the process of denaturalizing sex, which is a marker of gender.  With Nicole-Claude Mathieu, Emmanuèle de Lesseps, Colette Guillaumin, Monique Wittig, and Paola Tabet, Delphy launched the materialist feminism school. Materialist feminism is particularly present in the journal "Nouvelles questions feministes", still directed by Delphy.  Against Essentialism and the so-called "French Feminism"  Delphy challenges the biological essentialist view of gender, even when it comes from the women's movement. She also critiqued what she called "the invention of 'French Feminism'": she argues that most French feminists are against essentialism and very few support what was called "French Feminism" in the United States. For Delphy, the American invention of "French Feminism" had a political purpose: the acceptance of essentialism among Anglo-American feminists (it was expected they would think, "If French women think this way, we have to respect and accept this").  All these ideas are elaborated in many articles from the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s in "Questions féministes" and "Nouvelles questions féministes" and were published in the following books: "L'Ennemi principal, tome 1 : L'Économie politique du patriarcat" (1997) and "L'Ennemi principal, tome 2 : Penser le genre" (2001).

Filmography.

Christine Delphy appears in numerous films:

Christine Delphy (born 1941) is a French sociologist, feminist, writer and theorist. Known for pioneering materialist feminism, she co-founded the French Women's Liberation Movement (Mouvement de Libération des Femmes, or MLF) in 1970 and the journal "Nouvelles questions féministes" (New Feminist Issues) with Simone de Beauvoir in 1981.

Christine Delphy (geboren am 9. Dezember 1941 in Paris) ist eine französische Soziologin und Theoretikerin des Feminismus. Sie gilt als eine der prominentesten Aktivistinnen der französischen Frauenbewegung seit den 1968er Jahren.


Name and geography.

The name Gökova means "blue" "(gök)" "plain" "(ova)" and refers to the plain on which the town of Gökova is situated. Today in the plain of Gökova there are two towns called Gökova and Akyaka, six villages named Ataköy, Akçapinar, Gökçe, Çitlik, Şirinköy and Yeşilova. The population is about 10,000.  Gökova town is situated about 2 km inland from the holiday resort of Akyaka. Gökova town is a separate municipality from Akyaka, yet Idyma's acropolis and necropolis are often erroneously attributed to Akyaka. However, there is relatively little of archaeological interest in Akyaka. Gökova town's Kozlukuyu Mahallesi is a first degree archaeological area with the ruins and rock cut chamber tombs of Idyma dating to 5th Century BC.

History.

The first recorded mention of Idyma (now Gökova) was in 546 BC. as a member of the Attika-Delos Sea Union founded against the Persians with the leadership of Athens. Idyma became a member of the Union by paying 1 Talent and 890 Drachmas in taxes. Idyma minted its own silver coins in the second half of the 5thC BC. The coins show the name IDIMION and the head of the God Pan on the reverse side.  Gökova was, until 1999, a village governed by a mukhtar. In 1999 it became a township or municipality with an elected mayor by a decision made by the Council of Ministers in November 1998. In the first local elections in April 1999, Mayor Durmus Ali Sazakli was elected. The Belediye [town council] has four civil servants and a small staff which may be expanded in the future. The township covers an area of 1,900,000 sq. metres.  As the area of Kozlukuyu, lying directly at the foot of the Idyma necropolis, is now a first degree archaeological area, new building permission is naturally refused. There is no direct route to either the acropolis or necropolis, both of which can only be reached by climbing.  Gökova town consists largely of Gökova, Kozlukuyu, Yazılıtaş and Çaydere. The world-famous Okaliptus Tuneli or Eucalyptus Tunnel which is part of Gökova Municipality - refers to the original route from Gökova town's 'Dört Yol' [meaning Four Roads - the main road junction in the plain] to Marmaris which pre-world war two was lined on both sides with eucalyptus trees. The area was mainly swampland and the then governor of Muğla had the trees planted to dry up the swamps. The Okaliptus Tuneli is around 1.5 km in length.  Gökova has the largest open market in the area. The market was until a few years ago, situated at the north end of Gökova and is still referred to by the traders as Kozlukuyu Pazarı rather than Gökova Pazarı. Since 2007 the produce stalls have been covered by a permanent roof and on days other than market day, the area serves to accommodate weddings and other social events. Gökova Town is famous for the Carian city of Idyma, the Idyma acropolis, necropolis and roadside tombs some of which like other Gökova features are often shown mistakenly on Akyaka's advertising and more recently for its wall and road-bridge paintings by a local artist.  Gökova Belediyesi has a website covering all aspects of Gökova Town and a new website for the Gökova Environment Group [Gökova Cevre Grubu] both of which are listed below.

Gökova is a municipality "(belde)" in the district of Ula in Muğla Province, Turkey. It lies at the head of the Gulf of Gökova in a plain also known as Gökova. The ancient Carian city of Idyma, with its acropolis and necropolis, is located above Kozlukuyu Mahallesi (Kozlukuyu Neighbourhood) at the northern end of Gökova town, not at nearby Akyaka as often incorrectly stated.

Gökova ist seit 2013 ein Ortsteil (Mahalle) von Ula im Südwesten der Türkei. Er befindet sich am östlichen Ende des nach ihm benannten Golfs von Gökova in der Provinz Muğla.


Early life and education.

Booker was born on April 27, 1969, in Washington, D.C.; he grew up in Harrington Park, New Jersey, north of Newark. His parents, Carolyn Rose (née Jordan) and Cary Alfred Booker, were among the first black executives at IBM. Booker has stated that he was raised in a religious household and that he and his family attended a small African Methodist Episcopal Church in New Jersey. Booker has Sierra Leonean ancestry, as he learned on the PBS television program Finding Your Roots.  Booker graduated from Northern Valley Regional High School at Old Tappan, where he played varsity football and was named to the 1986 USA Today All-USA high school football team. Booker went on

Municipal Council of Newark.

Contemplating advocacy work and a run for city council in Newark after graduating from law school, Booker lived in the city during his final year at Yale. After graduation, he served as staff attorney for the Urban Justice Center in New York and program coordinator of the Newark Youth Project. In 1998, Booker won an upset

Mayor of Newark.

Mayoral campaigns.

2002 election.

On January 9, 2002, Booker announced his campaign for Mayor of Newark, rather than running for re-election as councilman; this pitted him against longtime incumbent Sharpe James. James, who had easily won election four consecutive times, saw Booker as a real threat, and responded with mudslinging, at one campaign event calling him

2006 election.

Booker announced on February 11, 2006, that he would again run for mayor. Although incumbent Mayor Sharpe James filed paperwork to run for reelection, shortly thereafter he announced that he would instead cancel his bid to focus on his work as a state senator, a position to which he was originally elected

2010 election.

On April 3, 2010, Booker announced his campaign for reelection. At his announcement event, he remarked that a "united government" was crucial to progress, knowing his supporters in the city council faced tough reelections. Heavily favored to win, Booker faced former judge and Essex County prosecutor Clifford J. Minor, as well as two minor candidates. On May 11, Booker won reelection with 59% of the vote.

Tenure.

Before taking office as mayor, Booker sued the James administration, seeking to terminate cut-rate land deals favoring two redevelopment agencies that had contributed to James's campaigns and listed James as a member of their advisory boards. Booker argued that the state's "pay-to-play" laws had been violated and that the land deals would cost the city more than $15 million in lost revenue. Specifically, Booker referenced a parcel at Broad and South Streets that would generate only $87,000 under the proposed land deals yet was valued at $3.7 million under then-current market rates. On June 20, 2006, Superior Court Judge Patricia Costello ruled in favor of Booker.  In late June 2006, before Booker took office, New Jersey investigators foiled a plot to assassinate Booker led by Bloods gang leaders inside four New Jersey state prisons. The motive for the plot was unclear, but was described variously as a response to the acrimonious campaign and to Booker's campaign promises to take a harder line on crime.

First term.

Booker assumed office as Mayor of Newark on July 1, 2006. After his first week in office, he announced a 100-day plan to implement reforms in Newark. The proposed changes included increasing police forces, ending background checks for many city jobs to help former offenders find employment in the city, refurbishing police stations, improving city services, and expanding summer youth programs.  One of Booker's first priorities was to reduce the city's crime rate. In furtherance of this, he appointed Garry McCarthy, former deputy commissioner of operations of the New York City Police Department, as director of the Newark Police Department. Crime reduction was such a central concern to the Booker administration

Second term.

In October 2011, Booker expanded the Let's Move! Newark program to include Let's Move! Newark: Our Power, a four-month fitness challenge for Newark public school students run by public health advocate Jeff Halevy.  On April 12, 2012, Booker saved a woman from a house fire, suffering smoke inhalation and second-degree burns on his hands in the process. Newark Fire Chief John Centanni said that Booker's actions possibly saved the woman's life. After Hurricane Sandy destroyed much of the shoreline areas of New Jersey and New York in late October 2012, Booker invited Newarkers without power to eat and sleep in his home. In February 2013, responding to a Twitter post, Booker helped a nervous constituent propose to his girlfriend. Booker rescued a dog from freezing temperatures in January 2013 and another dog that had been abandoned in a cage in July 2013.  On November 20, 2012, a melee occurred at a Newark City Council meeting attended by Booker. The

Newark Watershed.

The Newark Watershed comprises 35,000 acres of pristine land and reservoirs that supply water to municipalities in northern New Jersey. A New Jersey State Comptroller report issued in February 2014 revealed irregularities and corruption within the Newark Watershed and Development Corporation, which was in the process of being dismantled after being taken over by the city during Booker's mayoralty.

Public opinion polling.

Throughout Booker's mayoralty, Fairleigh Dickinson University's public opinion poll PublicMind asked New Jersey residents statewide whether or not they had heard of Mayor

Legacy.

Booker's mayoralty and celebrity drew much media attention to Newark. While he enjoyed high ratings from city residents, his legacy has received mixed reviews. During his tenure, millions of dollars were invested in downtown development, but underemployment and high murder rates continue to characterize many of the city's neighborhoods. Despite legal challenges initiated during his term, Newark Public Schools has remained

U.S. Senate.

2013 election.

On December 20, 2012, Booker announced that he would explore running for the U.S. Senate seat that was then occupied by Frank Lautenberg in the 2014 election, ending speculation that he would challenge Governor Chris Christie in the 2013 gubernatorial election. On January 11, 2013, Booker filed papers to form a campaign committee, without announcing whether he would run. Roughly one month later, incumbent Lautenberg—then 89 years of age—announced that he would not seek reelection in 2014.  On June 3, Lautenberg died of viral pneumonia; five days later, Booker announced his intention to

2014 election.

On January 9, 2014, Brian D. Goldberg, a West Orange resident and New Jersey businessman, announced that he would seek the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate. On January 27, 2014, Freehold Township businessman Richard J. "Rich" Pezzullo announced his candidacy for the Republican nomination. Pezzullo had previously run for the US Senate in 1996 as the Conservative Party candidate. On February 4, 2014, conservative political

Tenure.

On October 31, 2013, Booker was sworn into the Senate. In November 2013, Booker co-sponsored and voted for the Employment Non-Discrimination Act. In December 2013, he was one of the original cosponsors of Bob Menéndez's Nuclear Weapon Free Iran Act of 2013, which would toughen sanctions against Iran. He also voted for the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014 and the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013. In January 2014, he cosponsored the Respect for Marriage Act. In February 2014, Booker voted against the Federal Agriculture Reform and Risk Management Act of 2013. In March, Booker pledged to meet with each of his Republican colleagues in the Senate in order to find common ground, and was spotted having dinner with Senator Ted Cruz in Washington.  Leading up to the 2016 presidential election, Booker endorsed Hillary Clinton for the Democratic nomination. He was speculated

2020 presidential campaign.

On February 1, 2019, Booker announced his campaign for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States in the 2020 presidential election, the start of Black History Month. Before his announcement, he was widely speculated to run for president but expressed uncertainty as to whether he would run. The same month Booker announced his campaign, Governor Phil Murphy U.S.

Political positions.

Booker has been described as a liberal and as a centrist Democrat. Throughout his Senate career, Booker has amassed a liberal voting record. In a July 2013 "Salon" interview, Booker said that "there's nothing in that realm of progressive politics where you won't find me." In a September 2013 interview with "The Grio", when asked if he considered himself a progressive, he stated that he is a Democrat and an American. Booker has the most pro-animal welfare voting record in the Senate year after year according to the Humane Society.  He supports long-term deficit reduction efforts to ensure economic prosperity, cap and trade taxation to combat climate change, and increased funding for education. He has spoken in favor of creating a federal jobs guarantee and baby bonds (low-risk savings accounts that minors get access to at age 18). In the Senate, he has

Other activities.

Obama association.

In 2009, after Barack Obama became President of the United States, Booker was offered the leadership of the new White House Office of Urban Affairs. He turned the offer down, citing a commitment to Newark.  Booker generated controversy on May 12, 2012, when he appeared on "Meet The Press" as a surrogate for the reelection campaign of Barack Obama and made remarks that were critical of that

Affiliations and honors.

Booker sits on the board of advisers of the political action committee Democrats for Education Reform. He is currently a member of the board of trustees at Teachers College, Columbia University, and was formerly a member of the Executive Committee at Yale Law School and the Board of Trustees at Stanford University.  In 2010, Booker received the U.S. Senator John Heinz Award for Greatest Public Service by an Elected or Appointed Official, an award given out annually by the Jefferson Awards.  In May 2009, Booker received an honorary doctor of humane letters degree from the Newark-based New Jersey Institute of Technology for "his outstanding career in public service as the Mayor of Newark." In May 2009, he received an honorary doctorate from Brandeis University, and was a commencement speaker that year as well. Booker received another honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree in December 2010 from Yeshiva University for "his bold vision for Newark and setting a national standard for urban transformation." In June 2011, Booker received an honorary doctor of laws degree and served

Films.

Booker's 2002 mayoral campaign, which he lost, was chronicled by filmmaker Marshall Curry in his documentary "Street Fight". The film was nominated in 2005 for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.  Since 2009, Booker has starred in the documentary series "Brick City". The series focuses on Booker

Conan O'Brien "feud".

In the fall of 2009, "Tonight Show" host Conan O'Brien engaged in a satirical on-air and YouTube feud with Booker, with O'Brien jokingly insulting the City of Newark and Booker responding that he would ban O'Brien from the Newark airport. Then-Secretary of State Hillary Clinton called for the feud to end during a prepared

Waywire.

In 2012, Booker and tech executives Sarah Ross and Nathan Richardson formed Waywire, a company focused on video sharing technology. Early investors included Oprah Winfrey, Eric Schmidt, Jeff Weiner, and Troy Carter. After Booker's relationship to Waywire was discussed in a front-page "The New York Times" story, board member Andrew Zucker stepped down from

Book.

In 2016, Booker wrote an autobiography, "United: Thoughts on Finding Common Ground

Personal life.

Booker regularly exercises and has been a vegetarian since 1992, when he was a student at Oxford University in the UK. He abstains from alcohol and "has no known vices or addictions" other than coffee. In 2014, Booker began practicing a vegan diet and has expressed his vegan ethical philosophy and advocacy for animals. As of June 2016, Booker worshiped at the Metropolitan Baptist Church in Newark, New Jersey.  Booker has never been married, and in 2013 he was named one of "Town & Country"s "Top 40 Bachelors". Although he has generally tried to keep his personal life private, Booker has in the past described himself as a "straight male" and has said that he is trying to date more in hopes of finding someone to settle down with. He has been romantically linked to poet Cleo Wade. In March 2019, actress Rosario Dawson confirmed to TMZ that she was in a relationship with Booker.  In a 1992 column in "The Stanford Daily", Booker admitted that as a teenager he had "hated gays." Booker has himself been the target of rumors about being gay and has generally refused to address these on principle, which he explained in 2013:  Because I want to challenge people on their homophobia. I love seeing on Twitter when someone says I'm gay, and I say, "So what does it matter if I am? So be it. I hope you are not voting for me because you are making the presumption that I'm straight."  In 1992, Booker recounted in his column for "The Stanford Daily" that as a 15-year-old kissing a friend on New Year's Eve, he reached for her breast, had his hand pushed away once, and then "reached [his]'mark.'" The column described Booker's changed attitudes towards sexual relations and how "skewed attitudes" lead to rape. "The Daily Caller" and Fox News brought up the column during the Kavanaugh confirmation hearings in September 2018.  From 1998 to 2006, Booker lived in Brick Towers, a troubled housing complex in Newark's Central Ward. In November 2006, as one of the last remaining tenants in Brick Towers, Booker left his apartment for the top unit in a three-story rental on Hawthorne Avenue in Newark's South Ward, an area described as "a drug- and gang-plagued neighborhood of boarded-up houses and empty lots." Brick Towers has since been demolished, and a new mixed-income development was built there in 2010.  Since 2013, Booker has lived in a townhouse he owns in the Lincoln Park section of Newark's Central Ward, also known as "the Coast" for its arts, jazz, and nightlife history.  Booker speaks Spanish; he attended a Spanish immersion program in Ecuador.

Cory Anthony Booker (born April 27, 1969) is an American politician, attorney, and author who has served as the junior United States Senator from New Jersey since 2013. A member of the Democratic Party, Booker is the first African-American U.S. Senator from New Jersey. He was previously the 36th Mayor of Newark from 2006 to 2013. Before that, Booker served on the Municipal Council of Newark for the Central Ward from 1998 to 2002. Ideologically, Booker identifies as a socially liberal centrist Democrat.

Cory Anthony Booker (* 27. April 1969 in Washington, D.C.) ist ein amerikanischer Politiker der Demokratischen Partei. Der Jurist vertritt seit 2013 den Bundesstaat New Jersey im US-Senat. Bis dahin hatte er vom Jahr 2006 an das Amt des Bürgermeisters der Stadt Newark bekleidet. Booker ist für seine intensive politische Kommunikation über soziale Netzwerke und Medien bekannt geworden. Er bewarb sich ein Jahr vor der Vorwahl in Iowa um die Nominierung seiner Partei für die Präsidentschaftswahl 2020, zog seine Kandidatur aber am 13. Januar 2020 zurück. Er begründete seine Entscheidung mit zu geringem Spendengeldern, um noch gewinnen zu können.


Playing career.

Claesson began playing hockey in Haninge HC, and later moved on to Hammarby IF, to play in Hammarby's youth organization. He also made two appearances in the club's senior team in the Swedish second division league HockeyAllsvenskan, during the 2007–08 season. Claesson moved to Stockholm rival Djurgården for the 2008–09, where he played in Djurgården's J18 and J20 teams. He also represented team Stockholm at the 2008 TV-pucken.  Claesson made his Elitserien debut in the Djurgården's first league game of the season on 16 September 2010 against HV71. He signed a two-year extension with Djurgården in October 2010. He scored his first Elitserien goal on 11 December 2010 away against Modo Hockey.  Claesson signed a three-year entry level contract with the Ottawa Senators on 10 May 2012. He began the 2012–13 season with the Senators American Hockey League affiliate, the Binghamton Senators. In June 2015, Claesson re-signed with the Senators on a one-year, two-way contract. Claesson made his NHL debut on 30 December 2015 at Ottawa versus the New Jersey Devils. In July 2016 he was re-signed to a one-year contract with the team and in February 2017 that contract was extended for another year.  After the 2017–18 season, his sixth within the Senators organization, Claesson as an impending restricted free agent was surprisingly not tendered a qualifying offer by the club, and was released to explore free agency on 25 June 2018. He later signed a one-year, $700,000 contract with the New York Rangers on 1 July 2018.  On 17 September 2019, Claesson signed a one-year, two-way deal with the Carolina Hurricanes. He began the 2019–20 season, with the Hurricanes AHL affiliate and reigning champions, the Charlotte Checkers. In 47 games from the blueline with the Checkers, Claesson contributed with 3 goals and 19 points. On 24 February 2020, Claesson was dealt by the Hurricanes at the NHL trade deadline, along with Janne Kuokkanen and a conditional 2020 fourth-round pick to the New Jersey Devils in exchange for Sami Vatanen on 24 February 2020.

Fredrik Claesson (born 24 November 1992), is a Swedish professional ice hockey defenceman currently playing with the New Jersey Devils in the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted by the Ottawa Senators in the fifth round (126th overall) of the 2011 NHL draft.

Fredrik Claesson (* 24. November 1992 in Stockholm) ist ein schwedischer Eishockeyspieler, der seit Februar 2020 bei den New Jersey Devils in der National Hockey League unter Vertrag steht und parallel für deren Farmteam, die Binghamton Devils, in der American Hockey League zum Einsatz kommt. Zuvor verbrachte er sechs Jahre in der Organisation der Ottawa Senators und war jeweils kurzzeitig bei den New York Rangers und Carolina Hurricanes aktiv.


Early life.

James was born on 17 April 1991 in Melbourne. She is the daughter of former Richmond AFL player Stephen James.

Career.

Her first television role was playing Anne Baxter in the soap opera "Neighbours". She also played the lead role in the Australian short film "Hugo".  James joined the cast of "Home and Away" as Nicole Franklin in 2008. James enjoyed playing Nicole because she was "feisty and fun" and they did not have much in common, beyond a love for fashion. In March 2011, James confirmed that she had left "Home and Away", and had plans to audition for roles in Los Angeles. The following year, she appeared in the telefilm "Beaconsfield", a dramatisation of the Beaconsfield Mine collapse.  In 2015, James made an appearance in television drama "Love Child". She also filmed a small role in Australian feature film "Spin Out", and appears in comedy film "You're Gonna Miss Me". In 2017, James starred in a production of Nick Enright's "Blackrock" at the Seymour Centre.

Personal life.

In December 2010, James became engaged to professional rugby league footballer Nate Myles. The pair wed on 23 December 2011. In August 2017, James confirmed she was expecting the couple's first child. In February 2018, James announced she had given birth by posting a photo to her Instagram account showing Myles pushing a pram.  In 2014, James was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma. She returned to the Gold Coast, Queensland to be with her husband and to receive treatment. Her father was being treated for Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma at the same time. James is in remission.

Tessa James (born 17 April 1991) is an Australian actress. She made her acting debut as Anne Baxter in soap opera "Neighbours" in 2006. James played the role of Nicole Franklin in "Home and Away" from 2008 until 2011. She has also appeared in "Beaconsfield" and "Love Child".

Tessa James (* 17. Oktober 1991 in Melbourne, Victoria) ist eine australische Schauspielerin, bekannt durch ihre Rollen in den Seifenopern "Nachbarn" und "Home and Away".


Life and career.

Born in Aarhus, Thomsen started his career at local top-flight club AGF Aarhus, where he initially played as a midfielder. Thomsen made his debut for the Danish under-21 national team in May 1989, where under-21 national team coach Richard Møller Nielsen used the 6' 3" Thomsen as a central defender. Thomsen was named under-21 national team captain in 1990. In December 1990, Thomsen signed a new contract with AGF, rejecting interest from Brøndby IF and B1903.  In November 1991, Thomsen was scouted by Celtic FC manager Liam Brady, but the deal fell through due to "too many intermediaries" according to Claus Thomsen himself. He was injured in an under-21 national game against Poland in March 1992, but recovered in time to help AGF win the 1992 Danish Cup. He also captained Denmark at the 1992 Summer Olympics, where he played all three of Denmark's matches, and scored a goal against Mexico. In the fall of 1992, he lost his place in the central defence in AGF's starting line-up, and he was used in a number of different positions. He went on trial at Werder Bremen in December 1992, but was not signed by Werder manager Otto Rehhagel.

Ipswich Town.

In June 1994, he moved abroad to play for English club Ipswich Town, in a transfer deal worth £250,000. He was called up for his Danish national team début, by national coach Richard Møller Nielsen, in April 1995. Thomsen was also called up to the Danish national squad for the 1996 European Championship, and played in all of Denmark's three matches before elimination. He made a total 97 appearances and scored 8 goals for Ipswich, and was one of the stronger players in the weakest side in Ipswich Town's history. In his first season, he was relegated with Ipswich in 1994/95, and was a key player in the team that missed out on the First Division play-offs in 1995–96; however, as Ipswich were looking to improve their side, he was sold to Everton, for £900,000, in January 1997.

Everton.

At Everton, Thomsen notably scored an own goal in the Merseyside derby at Goodison Park on 16 April 1997, meaning that Everton were held to a 1–1 draw by Liverpool, although they still achieved Premier League survival in 15th place. He scored once at the right end for Everton, his side's only goal in a 2–1 defeat to Derby County.

Akademisk Boldklub.

After little more than a year at Everton, marred by poor performances, he moved back to Denmark for £500,000 in March 1998, to play for Akademisk Boldklub (AB). He stayed at AB for six months, before moving abroad once again.

VfL Wolfsburg.

Thomsen joined German club VfL Wolfsburg in September 1998. In April 1999, he ended his Danish national team career, citing a lacking energy surplus. Struggling with injuries, he remained at Wolfsburg for four years, but saw little playing time during this period, retiring in April 2002.

Honours.

AGF Aarhus

Claus Thomsen (born 31 May 1970 in Aarhus) is a Danish former professional footballer. He won the Danish Cup with AGF Aarhus and played in England for top level teams Ipswich Town and Everton, as well as Wolfsburg in Germany. He played 20 matches for the Danish national team, and represented Denmark at the 1992 Summer Olympics and 1996 European Championship.

Claus Thomsen (* 31. Mai 1970 in Aarhus) ist ein ehemaliger dänischer Fußballspieler. Der Abwehrspieler wurde vorrangig als Innenverteidiger eingesetzt.