Early years and education.

Miller was born in Atlanta and grew up in Conyers, Georgia. He earned a B.B.A. in economics from the University of Georgia in 1964 and a Ph.D. in economics from the University of Virginia in 1969.  Between 1977 and 1981, Miller was a resident scholar at the Center for the Study of Government Regulation at the American Enterprise Institute. From 1978 to 1981, he served as co-director of the center.

Public service.

Miller was the first administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (April - October 1981) and the executive director of Vice President George H. W. Bush's Presidential Task Force on Regulatory Relief. From 1981 to 1985, he chaired the Federal Trade Commission. From October 1985 to October 1988, Miller was director of the United States Office of Management and Budget.  He is a distinguished fellow at the Center for Study of Public Choice at George Mason University. He is also a senior fellow of the Hoover Institution at Stanford University.

Private sector.

He has been counselor to and a board member of the former Citizens for a Sound Economy (1988–2002), a member of the boards of the Tax Foundation and the Progress and Freedom Foundation, and a member of the board of visitors of George Mason University and the U.S. Air Force Academy. In addition, Miller has been a director of LECG Economics-Finance, a member of the board of Independence Air, a member of the board of Washington Mutual Investors Fund, a member of the board of the Tax-Exempt Fund of Maryland, a member of the board of the Tax-Exempt Fund of Virginia, a member of the board of the J.P. Morgan Value Opportunities Fund, a member of the board of Clean Energy, a consultant to Freddie Mac, and chairman of the board of Economic Impact Analysts, Inc. (family-held consulting firm).  From 2003 to 2006, Miller was chairman (or chairman emeritus) of the Capital Analysis Group (CapAnalysis), a division of the international law firm Howrey LLP. He was a member of the Board of Governors of the United States Postal Service (2003–2012), where he was elected chairman in 2005, 2006, and 2007.  On November 9, 2009, it was announced that Miller was picked by the then Premier of the Cayman Islands William McKeeva Bush to lead an independent task force to examine new revenue options for the Cayman Islands Government. The Cayman Islands has no direct taxation although that may change as a result of an agreement with the United Kingdom Foreign and Commonwealth Office. The UK FCO allowed the Cayman Islands Government to borrow additional funds to meet capital and operational expenses as long as the Government agreed to look at ways in which to increase and stabilize its revenue base—direct taxation being the preferred solution.

James Clifford "Jim" Miller III (born June 25, 1942, in Atlanta, Georgia) is a former U.S. government official and economist who served as chairman of the Federal Trade Commission between 1981 and 1985 and as Budget Director for President Ronald Reagan between 1985 and 1988. He also ran for United States Senate in Virginia, losing the Republican nomination at the convention to Oliver North in 1994 and losing the nomination in the primary to John Warner in 1996.

James C. Miller III (* 25. Juni 1942 in Atlanta, Georgia) ist ein US-amerikanischer Wirtschaftswissenschaftler, Hochschullehrer und Wirtschaftsmanager, der auch Direktor des Office of Management and Budget war.


History.

Yugoslav period.

The club was founded in 1928, under the name FK Sandžak, which later changed to FK Deževa. The club has played under its current name since 1962, when FK Deževa and another local football club, the FK Ras, merged under the name FK Novi Pazar. The club was a Yugoslav amateur-leagues champion, and was later a member of the Yugoslav Second League.  Its first notable achievement happened in 1984 when the club won the Serbian Republic League, at time one of Yugoslav third tiers, and were promoted to the Yugoslav Second League for the first time in 56 years of existence till then. They finished the season with 43 points (at time it was two points per victory) with 17 wins, 9 draws and 4 losses, and a score balance of 42–14. The Serbian Republic League at time was very competitive and Novi Pazar that season finished top of teams such as Radnički Kragujevac, Čukarički, Obilić, Sinđelić, Jagodina, Sloga Kraljevo, Loznica, Dubočica, Radnički Obrenovac, Budućnost Valjevo, Rudar Kostolac, Kristal Zaječar, Majdanpek, Đerdap Kladovo and 7. Juli Vrčin. The celebration of the promotion to the Second League happened in the last round in the 2–1 home victory over 7. Juli, but the major celebration happened two rounds earlier when Novi Pazar secured the league title at the 1–1 draw away in Belgrade against Sinđelić. The game was attended by 3.000 spectators of which 2.500 were Novi Pazar fans that had travelled to Belgrade. The goal for Novi Pazar was scored by Milan Glavčić who scored 23 goals overall that season and was the club's top scorer. The players that formed that notorious generation of Novi Pazar that season were goalkeepers Novica Jovanović, Dragan Goševac, Naser Halitović, defenders Dragan Kostić, Bajro Župić, Darko Vujović, Esad Karišik, Nazim Izberović, Ratko Šarac, Radojica Milojević, Salih Detanac, Izet Ljajić, Ljutvo Bogućanin, midfielders Ferid Ganić, Rizo Tutić, Mirsad Karišik, Adnan Numanović, Ismail Bihorac, Nermin Ukić, and forwards Ismet Ugljanin, Milan Glavčić, Gmitar Vukadinović, Šerif Izberović and Naser Salihu. The club president was Amir Beširović while the coach was Dušan Radonjić and his assistant was Aćif Klimenta.  Besides this major achievement, the generation of 1984 will also manage to win the, back then respectable, Yugoslav amateur-league leagues champion, which was played between the winners of the all eight leagues forming the Yugoslav third tier, the six republic leagues (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia) and the two autonomous provinces ones (Kosovo and Vojvodina). As winner of the 1983–84 Serbian Republic League, FK Novi Pazar represented Serbia that year and won the tournament. After beating Liria away in Prizren by 3–0, Novi Pazar played the final home in the City Stadium where it won Crvenka by 2–0 with goals of Esad Karišik and Ismet Ugljanin. A member of that generation, Enver Gusinac, who became club captain in the seasons that followed, missed the season because of the Yugoslav People's Army conscription, made his return at that final game.

1990s.

The club qualified for a promotion play-off spot for the First League of FR Yugoslavia twice, but lost on both occasions. They lost to Sutjeska Nikšić in 1994, and to Sloboda Užice in 1995. In 2002, the club was relegated to the Serbian League, third division in Serbia. After one season in the Serbian League they were promoted back to the Serbian First League. During the 1980s and 1990s the club was magnet to many of the talented Kosovo Albanian players such as Nazmi Rama, Naser Salihu, Mentor Miftari, Sadik Rrahmani, Gëzim Hasi, Besnik Kollari, Shefqer Kurti, or manager Hysni Maxhuni.

First time in SuperLiga.

The club played in the second tier until 2011, when they came in third. At the end of the 2010–11 Serbian First League season, first-placed second-tier team FK BASK was not financially prepared for the Serbian SuperLiga, which caused a huge controversy and debate in Serbian football circles regarding who in BASK's place should take the birth in the top-tier Serbian SuperLiga in the following season. Two candidates emerged: FK Inđija, which had occupied a relegation place in the previous SuperLiga season, and FK Novi Pazar, which finished in non-promoting third place in the second-tier championship. Both clubs were backed by political proxies in their campaigns to take BASKS's place in the SuperLiga. Goran Ješić, who was the president of the municipality of Inđija as well as an official of the Democratic Party, represented the lobby for FK Inđija to keep its place in the top flight. FK Novi Pazar, meanwhile, was backed by the powerful lobby of Rasim Ljajić. In the end, FK Novi Pazar was promoted along with second-place Radnički Kragujevac. The 2011–12 Serbian SuperLiga was the first ever season in which FK Novi Pazar played in the top flight. Ivan Babić participated in a historic moment for FK Novi Pazar after scoring the first goal in the top division for the club.

2012.

The season of 2012–2013 was a difficult one for the club. After the first half of the season FK Novi Pazar ranked 10th place in the Serbian Superliga. In December 2012, an accumulated financial crisis in the club resulted in several players and directors leaving the club. Irfan Vušljanin, regarded by many as one of the club's best players in recent years, was quoted saying that ""I've played for many clubs, but I've never seen this kind of chaos like now in FK Novi Pazar."" Like most of the playing squad, Dragoljub Bekvalac had not received payment in the previous four months and promptly resigned from the position of coach, and even considered suing the club via the district court for compensation. Days later, it was announced that famous Serbian coach Slavenko Kuzeljević, known for his success with Radnički Kragujevac, agreed to replace Bekvalac as coach. Subsequent to the announcement of the new coach, the former leader of Partizan's medical team, dr. Sead Malićević, was named the new president of the club. FK Novi Pazar finished 14th placed in the 2012–13 season which saw them remain in the first division.

Recent years.

During the 2013–14 season, Novi Pazar was in no danger of relegation. They won against OFK Belgrade at home and drew goalless against Partizan. They finished the season ranked 8th.  Novi Pazar improved their form in the 2014–15 Serbian Superliga season. They won 2–1 against Red Star at home, 3–1 against OFK Belgrade at home and drew 1–1 against Partizan at home and away. They finished the season placed 5th.

Stadium.

Novi Pazar City Stadium (Serbian Cyrillic: Градски стадион у Новом Пазару), located in the eastern part of the city, is the home venue of FK Novi Pazar. The stadium was officially opened on 12 April 2012 after one-year reconstruction and it can hold 12,000 people at full capacity.

Supporters.

The three largest supporters groups of FK Novi Pazar are known as Torcida Sandžak, Ultra Azzurro and Ekstremi. Organized tifo support for FK Novi Pazar was first established in the late 1980s. Ultras of Fenerbahçe first recognized the fans of FK Novi Pazar in 2011, and a friendship now exists between the ultras of the clubs from Istanbul and Novi Pazar.  Ultras in Novi Pazar have a recent history of both scandalous and respectful displays. In October 2012, Ekstremi held up a mocking display about the illegal organ harvesting in Kosovo as a provocation to Rad, a team from outside of Novi Pazar from where the supporters were mostly Christian Serbs. The incident garnered shocked reactions from media and government officials both in Serbia and in other countries. However, ultras in Novi Pazar are also known to act respectfully to visiting teams from outside of Novi Pazar.  In April 2013, during a home match against Partizan Belgrade, a supporter of FK Novi Pazar threw an activated homemade explosive device to the visiting supporters, who fell to the athletic field and did not explode. The explosive device was wrapped with tape and filled with nails. It was the same person, who caused on 26 November 2011, a false bomb alarm in the Novi Pazar City Stadium, which caused a criminal charge against him of causing panic. FK Novi Pazar club management sharply condemned the action.  Torcida Sandžak, on a different note, earned worldwide recognition when the group organized a protest in the form of a public march which was attended by thousands of people. The protest was held in a peaceful manner without negative incidents.  "For the list of current and former players with Wikipedia article, please see:."

Fudbalski klub Novi Pazar () is a professional football club from Novi Pazar, Serbia. The club was formed in 1928 as FK Deževa. FK Novi Pazar play their home games at the 12,000 capacity Novi Pazar City Stadium. FK Novi Pazar got B team FK Novi Pazar 1928 who played in Serbian Zone League.

Der FK Novi Pazar () ist ein serbischer Fußballverein aus der Stadt Novi Pazar, der in der Prva liga spielt, der zweithöchsten Fußball-Liga in Serbien.


Discovery.

Hang Sơn Đoòng was found by a local man named Hồ Khanh in 1991. The whistling sound of wind and roar of a rushing stream in the cave heard through the entrance as well as the steep descent prevented the local people from entering the cave.  Only in 2009 did the cave become internationally known after a group of cavers from the British Cave Research Association, conducted a survey in Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng from 10 to 14 April 2009. Their progress was stopped by a large, high flowstone-coated wall, which was named the Great Wall of Vietnam. It was traversed in 2010 when the group reached the end of the cave passage.

Description.

Formed in Carboniferous/Permian limestone, the main Sơn Đoòng cave passage is the largest known cave passage in the world by volume –, according to Howard Limbert. It is more than long, high and wide. Its cross-section is believed to be twice that of the next largest passage, in Deer Cave, Malaysia. The cave runs for approximately and is punctuated by 2 large dolines, which are areas where the ceiling of the cave has collapsed. The dolines allow sunlight to enter sections of the cave, resulting in the growth of trees as well as other vegetation.  By mid-2019, it became clear that the cave is connected by its underground river with a nearby cave called Hang Thung. This increases the effective volume of the cave by more than 1.6 million cubic metres.  The cave contains some of the tallest known stalagmites in the world, which are up to 70 m tall. Behind the Great Wall of Vietnam were found cave pearls the size of baseballs, an abnormally large size.  The scale of the site’s interior is so massive it could fit an entire New York block inside, including skyscrapers, or have a Boeing 747 comfortably fly through without its wings being in any danger.

Tourist activities.

In early August 2013, the first tourist group explored the cave on a guided tour at a cost of US$3,000 each. Permits are required to access the cave and are made available on a limited basis, with 1000 permits available for the 2019 and 2020 season, which runs from February to August. After August, heavy rains cause river levels to rise and make the cave largely inaccessible. only Oxalis Adventure Tours have permission to enter the cave for tourism purposes.

Development plans.

Plans are being considered to build a cable car through the cave. The proposed system would be long, and cost between $112 and $211 million. The plans are opposed by environmentalists.

In popular culture.

Alan Walker released a music video, Alone Pt. II, on December 27, 2019, depicting a young archaeologist on a quest to discover a place of mystery and wonder. After uncovering a hidden secret in a painting, she finds Quang Binh to be just the destination, mesmerized at the marvels of Sơn Đoòng.

Sơn Đoòng cave (Vietnamese:, : ) is the world's largest natural cave, in Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park, Bố Trạch District, Quảng Bình Province, Vietnam.

Die Sơn-Đoòng-Höhle („Bergflusshöhle“) ist eine Höhle im Nationalpark Phong Nha-Ke Bang in Vietnam, 50 Kilometer nördlich der Provinzhauptstadt Dong Hoi und 450 Kilometer südlich von Hanoi. Sie wurde 1991 von dem Vietnamesen Hồ Khanh entdeckt, und im Jahr 2009 durch eine britische Gruppe von Höhlenforschern erforscht. Seit 2013 ist die Höhle für Besucher freigegeben.


Life and career.

Newton was born in Orlando, Florida, and is the only child of Robin and David Newton. She started her career at age four, making her television debut on the soap opera "All My Children", playing Colby Marian Chandler from 2001 to 2004. Meanwhile, she also starred in two short films, "Abbie Down East" (2002) and "Bun-Bun" (2003). In 2008 Newton was cast in the role of Louise Brooks in the CBS television series "Gary Unmarried". When she was twelve, her family moved to Los Angeles, where she attended the Notre Dame High School.  In 2010 Newton won two Young Artist Awards for "Best Performance in a TV Comedy Series" and "Best Performance in a TV series (Comedy or Drama)" for Gary Unmarried. Newton played the role of Chase Rubin-Rossi in the 2011 film "Bad Teacher" alongside Cameron Diaz. She had the lead role, Alex, in the 2012 film "Paranormal Activity 4", the fourth in the franchise, and won an award at the 34th Young Artist Awards for her performance in the film. Beginning in season 10, she had a recurring role as Claire Novak on "Supernatural". In 2017, Newton appeared in the HBO series "Big Little Lies" based on the Liane Moriarty novel of the same name. She also had major roles in the films "Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri" and "Ben Is Back". In both unrelated films, she played the sister of Lucas Hedges' character.  Newton had the female lead in the 2019 blockbuster "Pokémon Detective Pikachu", a live action film based on the video game of the same name. She also plays the lead role of Allie in the Netflix mystery drama series "The Society", which premiered on May 10, 2019. She will next star in an untitled thriller film opposite Vince Vaughn, directed by Christopher Landon. and in "The Map of Tiny Perfect Things" directed by Ian Samuels.

Personal life.

Newton has been golfing since she was a child. She began playing tournaments at age 8.  Newton graduated from Notre Dame High School in 2015. She was a member of the Notre Dame High School girls golf team.  She postponed college to pursue her acting career. She considered playing as a 'walk-on' member of University of Southern California women's golf team.  Newton has 3 Poodle dogs.

Kathryn Love Newton (born February 8, 1997) is an American actress, best known for her role as Allie Pressman in the Netflix TV series "The Society", Abigail Carlson in "Big Little Lies" and Louise Brooks in the CBS television series "Gary Unmarried". Newton also stars in the 2012 film "Paranormal Activity 4" as Alex Nelson, which earned her the 2013 Young Artist Award for Best Leading Young Actress in a Feature Film and the 2019 film "Pokémon Detective Pikachu" as Lucy Stevens, alongside Justice Smith. She is also known for portraying the older version of Claire Novak in the CW series "Supernatural" and for her role as the older Joanie Clark in the AMC television series "Halt and Catch Fire".

Kathryn Newton (* 8. Februar 1997 in Los Angeles, Kalifornien) ist eine US-amerikanische Schauspielerin, die vor allem durch ihre Rolle der "Louise Brooks" aus der US-Fernsehserie "Gary Unmarried" bekannt ist.


Life.

Born in Vienna on 16 January 1861 into a family belonging to the lower echelons of the Hungarian nobility as son of banking expert Alexander Mérey von Kapos-Mére (1834–1927).  Educated at the Theresian Military Academy, he was commissioned as a lieutenant in 1883 but after successfully passing the entrance exam for the diplomatic corps in 1885, he was dispatched as attaché to Belgrade and then the following year to Bucharest. In 1891, he was sent to serve at the embassy in Paris and then to Constantinople (now Istanbul) in 1893.  In 1895, von Mérey was selected by Count Goluchowski to serve as deputy chef de cabinet, but was promoted already the same year to chef de cabinet. In 1899, he served as a member of the Austro-Hungarian delegation to the First Hague Peace Conference. In 1903, he was appointed a Privy Councillor ("Geheimer Rat"). In March 1904, he was nominated to the post of First Section Chief in the Foreign Ministry but was relieved in February 1907 and appointed Austro-Hungarian chief delegate to the Second Hague Peace Conference.  On 4 March 1910, von Mérey was selected by Count Lexa von Aehrenthal to succeed Count von Lützow as ambassador at the Italian Royal Court. Known for his great intelligence and precision as well as for being hard-working and well-informed, qualities that had made him indispensable at the Ballhausplatz, he was, however, somewhat less well placed for this new posting. Considered rather cold and austere, he often left the impression in the eyes of his contemporaries of a "pedantic, tactless, and ill-humoured bureaucrat". Although impressed by the southern lifestyle, he lacked the ease and affable charm of his predecessor and thus failed to capture the sympathy of the Italians. Well aware of the difficult and complex relationship between Austria-Hungary and Italy, he tried, however, to improve the relations. In the disputes between Count Lexa von Aehrenthal and General Conrad von Hötzendorf, the Chief of the General Staff, he took the latter's side but found his position increasingly untenable after Count Berchtold became Imperial Foreign Minister in 1912. During the Balkan crisis in 1912/1913, he saw the storm on the horizon and sent warnings to Vienna of an imminent armed conflict.  Upon hearing of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo in June 1914, he suffered a nervous breakdown. During this critical moment, there was little time to lose and Count Berchtold therefore dispatched his First Section Chief Baron von Macchio to assume von Mérey's duties. Baron von Macchio arrived on 11 August to Rome and served in this capacity until the Italian declaration of war on 23 May 1915, although he never officially replaced him. He retired on 2 November 1918.  After his return to Vienna he took over the Italian department at the Foreign Ministry and was appointed in December 1917 to lead the Austro-Hungarian delegation that signed the armistice with Russia and then negotiated the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, signed on 3 March 1918. He was a negotiator of the Treaty of Peace between Austria-Hungary and Finland, signed in Vienna on 29 May 1918.  Playing no further role after the war, von Mérey died in Vienna on 2 February 1931.

Kajetan Mérey von Kapos-Mére () (16 January 1861 – 2 February 1931), was an Austro-Hungarian diplomat of Hungarian origin serving as ambassador at Rome at the outbreak of World War I.

Kajetan Mérey von Kapos-Mére (* 16. Jänner 1861 in Wien; † 2. Februar 1931 in Wien) war ein österreichisch-ungarischer Diplomat vor und während des Ersten Weltkrieges.


Early life and career.

He was born in Budapest and began his violin studies with his father, Lajos Vecsey. At the age of 8 he entered the studio of Jenő Hubay. Two years later, aged 10, he played for Joseph Joachim in Berlin (making his début at "Beethoven Halle" on 17 May 1903) and subsequently became known as a stellar child prodigy virtuoso. He became one of the pre-eminent violinists in Europe in the 1910s and 1920s, at one point touring with Béla Bartók as his piano accompanist. Aged only 12, he became the re-dedicatee of Jean Sibelius' Violin Concerto in D minor in 1905, when the original dedicatee, Willy Burmester, refused to play the work after he was unable to appear at the premiere of the revised version, which was premiered by Karel Halíř instead. Vecsey championed the Sibelius concerto, first performing it when he was only 13. He was the dedicatee of Hubay's Violin Concerto No.3. He also spent time composing, and wrote a number of virtuosic salon pieces for the violin.

Later life and career.

From 1926 until his death, he lived with his wife in Venice, at the "Palazzo Giustinian de'Vescovi" on "Canal Grande". His career steadily faltered after the First World War, as he grew tired of constant touring and wanted to concentrate more on conducting.

Illness and death.

By the 1930s, he was about to embark on that dream, but it suddenly curtailed in 1935, when he became seriously ill with a pulmonary embolism that grew through much of his life. He sought medical care in Rome, where he received surgery. The operation was unsuccessful, and Vecsey succumbed to the disease at the age of 42.

Selected compositions.

Violin solo  Violin and piano

Franz von Vecsey (born Ferenc Vecsey; 23 March 18935 April 1935) was a Hungarian violinist and composer, who became a well-known virtuoso in Europe through the early 20th century.

Franz von Vecsey (; * 23. März 1893 in Budapest, Österreich-Ungarn; † 5. April 1935 in Rom) war ein ungarischer Geiger und Komponist.


Genealogy.

The most important text the regarding the family of Finn (son of Cumaill) is "Fotha Catha Chnucha" ("The Cause of the Battle of Cnucha"), as it is contained in the ancient parchment "Lebor na hUidre" (LU), dated to the 12th century. Otherwise, the next most important tract is the "Macgnímartha Finn" ("The Boyhood Deeds of Fionn") copied in a 15th-century manuscript.  According to the "Fotha Catha Chnucha", Cumhall mac Trénmhoir was son of a petty king, and served the High King Conn Cet-Chathach "of the Hundred Battles". Cumhall was also Conn's half-uncle, his mother being the mother of Conn's father.  Cumhall became suitor for the hand of Muirne Muncaim "of the fair neck", daughter of the druid Tadg mac Nuadat, but Tadg refused him, so Cumhall forcibly carried away Muirne in elopement.  In "Fotha Catha Chnucha" Cumhall's wife was the granddaughter to Nuadat who was a druid to king Cathair Mór, but she was granddaughter to Núadu of the Tuatha Dé Danann according to a passage in the "Acallamh na Senorach". Also where the former work gives Almu daughter of Becan as Nuadat's wife, the latter treats Almha the daughter of Brecan as a virgin daughter who bore Cumall a son then died in childbirth.  Cumhall had a brother, Crimmal mac Trénmhoir, who was an ally of Fionn.

Battle and death.

Tadg, slighted by Cumall's sweeping away his daughter, appealed to Cumall's lord, Conn of the Hundred Battles, and Conn gave choice of either relinquishing the daughter or suffer banishment. Cumall refused to give up his wife, and Conn made war against Cumhall, and Cumhall was killed by Goll mac Morna in this Battle of Cnucha, located at what is today Castleknock. Goll then took over leadership of the Fianna, as explained in the "Magnímartha Finn".  Cumhall's wife Muirne was already pregnant with his son, Fionn, and Muirne's furious father Tadg not only refused to accept her back, but ordered her burnt to death. Cumhall's wife however seeks Conn's protection, and in exile she delivers a child which she names Demni. Demni (Demne) later became Finn.  Cumhall is reputed to be buried within the grounds of Castleknock College, supposedly under a hill upon which an old water tower now stands.

Parallels.

Attempts to connect Cumhall with Camulus, a Celtic god of war known from Roman-era inscriptions, are now largely rejected. Old Irish "cumal" means "female slave", and it is possible that a noble father was invented for Fionn to obscure an ignoble origin. Alternatively, some early texts call the hero "Fionn mac Umaill", which may indicate his father's name was originally Umall.

Cumhall (earlier Cumall, pronounced roughly "Coo-al" or "Cool") or Cumhall mac Trénmhoir ("son of Trénmór/Tréanmór" meaning "strong-great") is a figure in the Fenian Cycle of Irish mythology, a leader of the fianna and the father of Fionn mac Cumhaill.

Cumhall mac Basna ist der Name einer Sagengestalt aus dem Finn-Zyklus der keltischen Mythologie Irlands. Er ist der Anführer der Fianna.


Breton situation.

Charles of Blois, with his army of French, loyal Bretons and mercenary allies had conducted a frighteningly effective campaign in Brittany during the July 1342. This movement had begun in his stronghold of Eastern Brittany and rapidly spread into areas nominally controlled by his rival and prisoner, John of Montfort. Charles claimed the ducal title of Brittany through his wife, and Montfort was the opposing claimant to the ducal throne of Brittany; Montfort had the support of a minority of Breton nobles and more usefully, the ruler of England, King Edward III. Edward had promised reinforcements and supplies to the Montfortists the following year after the death of the old duke John III and shortly before the capture of John de Montfort at Nantes by Charles, but these men had failed to materialise. This disparity of forces resulted in a collapse in confidence for the Montfortist party in Brittany and many Montfort towns surrendered without a fight. By the end of July the principal towns of Auray, Vannes, Guémené-sur-Scorff and Hennebont had all fallen, leaving just the fortress port of Brest in Montfortist hands. The garrison there was nominally led by Joanna of Flanders, the imprisoned John de Montfort's consort, but in reality was commanded by the infamous English general Walter Manny with his 230 professional English soldiers.  There were numerous reasons for the delays in the arrival of the promised English army, including failure for county levies of archers and infantry to be fulfilled, delays in the payments due to soldiers from English-held Gascony and especially a paucity of shipping, a frequent problem in transporting soldiers to the continent from England during the wars. A small force intended for Bordeaux under Hugh Despenser had arrived in early July; seeing the parlous state of the Montfortists this force decided to stay, but their numbers were too few to turn the tide of Charles' advance. Brest was under siege from mid-July, and was blockaded by land and by sea. A fleet of fourteen Genoese galleys was brought to Northern France from Italy by their commander Grimaldi four years before and had participated in the Channel campaign of 1338 against Portsmouth and Southampton as well as the defeat at the battle of Sluys; as such they were among the few escapees from the French fleet at that action.

The battle.

The ships to transport the English army had finally gathered in Portsmouth in early August and the Earl of Northampton left port with just 1,350 men in 260 small coastal transports, some conscripted from as far away as Yarmouth for this duty. A scratch French force sent to intercept them arrived just days later and contented itself with burning down the newly reconstructed Portsmouth and terrorising the Hampshire coast instead. Just three days after leaving Portsmouth, Northampton's force arrived off Brest and saw the state of affairs with their own eyes. Northampton was an astute commander, and recognised that with the Genoese in place he would be unable to disembark his army. He was also aware that the large fast galleys could outmanoeuvre and destroy his huge fleet of slow transports piecemeal and so resolved to act immediately.  Watched by both factions from shore, the English fleet closed on the Genoese in the entrance to the Penfeld River where they were anchored in a vertical line. The Genoese did not even attempt to move, many ships were missing crews on leave ashore and the commander seems to have failed to communicate the orders to make for the open roadstead where his ships could have beaten off the English and prevented the reinforcement of Brest. Instead the Genoese panicked, three of the fourteen galleys fled from the crowd of diminutive opponents which were struggling to board the larger Genoese ships and reached the safety of the Elorn River estuary from where they could escape into the open sea. The remaining eleven were surrounded and drove ashore battling their opponents, where the crews abandoned them to the boarders and fired them as they left, at a stroke destroying French naval supremacy in Breton waters.

Aftermath.

Although the battle and reinforcements were a much needed boost to the morale of the Montfortist faction, the primary effect of this battle was on the morale of the Bloisian forces and their allies. Believing that the ships carried a prodigious English force of trained warriors, Charles broke the siege and made for Northern Brittany with the remaining Genoese whilst a substantial part of his army made up of Castilian and Genoese mercenary infantry retreated to Bourgneuf and took their ships back to Spain. This disruption of Bloisian fortunes was compounded by the arrival of Robert III of Artois a few days later with 800 men and by King Philip VI who ordered the withdrawal of substantial numbers of French troops from Brittany and transferred them to Calais, where an English invasion was expected (the troops reported massing in Southern England by French spies were in fact destined for Brest too but were held up by a lack of ships). A month later, Northampton was able to beat Blois in the battle of Morlaix using his superior firepower and the corresponding shift in morale between the forces to great effect. The Monfortist faction was spared defeat and was able to begin the twenty-year campaign to regain the ducal throne.

The battle of Brest, sometimes called the battle of the River Penfeld, was an action in 1342 between an English squadron of converted merchant ships and that of a mercenary galley force from Genoa fighting for the Franco-Breton faction of Charles of Blois during the Breton War of Succession, a side conflict of the Hundred Years War.

Die Seeschlacht von Brest (auch Schlacht auf dem Penfeld genannt) im Jahre 1342 war eine Auseinandersetzung während des Bretonischen Erbfolgekriegs im Hundertjährigen Krieg zwischen einer englischen Flotte von Küstenschiffen und genuesischen Söldnergaleeren in den Diensten der franko-bretonischen Partei des Hauses Blois.


Description.

"Koeleria macrantha" is a short, tuft-forming perennial bunchgrass, reaching heights from. The leaves are basal and up to about long with a blue-green color. The inflorescence is nearly cylindrical and may taper somewhat toward the tip. It holds shiny tan spikelets which are sometimes tinted with purple, each about half a centimeter long. Its fruit is a grain that breaks once it has fully ripened.  It is a good forage for many types of grazing animals. It is classified as a severe allergen in humans with grass allergy.

Growing conditions and habitat.

Koeleria "macrantha" is a plant that prefers cooler seasons such as early spring or fall. It grows mostly in rocky or sandy, well-drained areas within forests or plains. It prefers more direct sunlight over partially shaded areas. It has the ability to grow in elevations as high as 2480 meters and as low as 121 meters above sea level.

Gardens.

"Koeleria macrantha" is used as an exceptionally low-maintenance lawn and turf grass. It is not suitable for high-traffic use due to its slow growth rate. It is often used for golf course roughs.

Wildlife and farming significance.

"Koeleria macrantha" is one of many dietary staples for all classes of livestock and several species of various prairie wildlife depending on the stage of its seasonal development. It provides a stable source of nourishment for livestock in early spring and has been utilized by several species of deer, elk, and sheep for a food source due to its ability to grow in remote areas where the environment is not suited for other plant life. Due to the fact that it grows in scattered areas, it has not become a large dietary staple for much wildlife but still provides moderate nourishment to prairie wildlife. It has been found to be palatable to all livestock and wildlife in its post-curing stage in spring and fall but the palatability drops for most species when seed production begins before curing.  "Koeleria marcrantha" spreads slowly via seed distribution. It will spread into bordering plant communities over time as an invasive species. A number of insects feed on "Koeleria macrantha" including the Striped flea beetle ("Phyllotreta striolata") which feeds on the roots and foliage.

Wildfire protection.

"Koeleria macrantha" has been implemented in several areas of frequent wildfires due to its fire-resistant qualities. Due to its small size and the course leave, they burn faster and transfer a very small amount of heat to the soil below. It also usually grows in small groups, which limits the amount of damage it can do once it burns. Although this species varies on its impact on fighting wildfires depending on the environment it grows in and the state of the plant, it provides a much needed damper for controlling the fire once it has begun.

Various other uses in society.

Food.

The seed can be ground down into a powder then can be boiled in water, like a porridge, or made into flour or bread.

Material.

The leaves of the plant can be woven together to make brooms or brushes. Long stalks of the plant can be strung together with other plant fiber or string to be used for cleaning pots and pans. It has also been used as a building material when mixed with adobe for its adhesive qualities and strength.

Koeleria macrantha is a species of grass known by the common name prairie Junegrass in North America and crested hair-grass in the UK. It is widespread across much of Eurasia and North America. It occurs in many habitat types, especially prairie.

Das Zierliche Schillergras oder Steppen-Schillergras ("Koeleria macrantha") ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung der Schillergräser ("Koeleria") innerhalb der Familie der Süßgräser (Poaceae).


Background.

In April 2009, 20-year-old Adele, who had recently embarked on her first serious relationship with a man 10 years her senior, began composing the follow-up to her 2008 debut album "19". In response to the media's typecasting her as an "old soul" due to the vintage production and sentimental nature of her songs, Adele decided on a more upbeat and contemporary second album. However, studio sessions were generally unproductive and, after two weeks, yielded only one song recorded to the singer's satisfaction—the Jim Abbiss-produced "Take It All", a lovelorn piano ballad not unlike the songs on "19". Disillusioned with her lack of inspiration and the slow progress of the studio sessions, she cancelled the remaining recording dates. Adele had written "Take It All" during a difficult moment in her relationship. When she played the song for her boyfriend, the two got into a bitter argument that culminated in the end of their 18-month relationship. Heartbroken but musically stimulated, the singer channelled her rush of emotions into her music, crafting songs that examined her failed relationship from the perspectives of vengeful ex-lover, heartbroken victim, and nostalgic old flame.  After several recording sessions with writers and producers like Paul Epworth, Fraser T Smith and Rick Rubin, Adele got enough material for creating a full LP. She released her second studio album on 19 January 2011 under the title "21". Adele first intended to title the album "Rolling in the Deep", her adaptation of the slang phrase "roll deep", which summarises how she felt about her relationship; in her loose translation, the phrase refers to having someone "that has your back" and always supports you. However, the singer later deemed the title too confusing for some of her audiences. Although she had wanted to avoid the number motif of her debut, Adele considered "21" the most fitting title as it represented her age at the time of the album's composition, serving as an autobiographical period piece, and symbolised the personal maturity and artistic evolution since her debut.

Writing, production and release.

"Turning Tables" was written by American singer-songwriter and frontman of pop-rock band OneRepublic, Ryan Tedder and Adele herself. The production of the song was helmed by Jim Abbiss. When the demos to two songs were completed, Adele approached Tedder, who was in London at the time for a radio show. Tedder had expressed interest in collaborating with the singer after they met at the 2009 Grammy Awards ceremony in February. He arrived four hours early to their first studio session held at Sphere Studios in London, buying time to better familiarise himself with some of her previous work. Although unaware of Adele's personal predicament, he composed the opening piano sequence and first few lines of "Turning Tables".  Coincidentally, it perfectly captured the experience of the singer, who arrived at the studio moments after another altercation with her former lover. Angry and unfocused, she denounced her ex-lover's tendency to "turn the tables" on her during their arguments, an expression that Tedder decided to reference in the song's lyrics. Adele recorded the demo with Abbis the following day. "Turning Tables" was mixed by Abbiss and Ian Dowling. Neil Cowley played the piano in the song, while the string arrangement was made by Chris Elliot. The strings were played by Patrick Kernan, Stephen Morris, Tom Pigott-Smith, Julian Leaper, Boguslaw Kostecki, Bruce White, Peter Lale, Rachel Stephanie Bolt, David Danels, Caroline Dale, Warren Zelnski, Jackie Shave, Chris Laurence, Rita Manning, Cathy Thompson, Emlyn Singleton and Chris Worsey. XL Recordings serviced the song to UK mainstream radio on 5 November 2011 as fifth single from "21" alongside "Rumour Has It". On 14 December 2011, the song was sent for airplay to Italian radio stations.

Composition.

"Turning Tables" is a pop ballad with a soulful sound that lasts for four minutes and 10 seconds. John Murphy of musicOMH recognized the single as a fragile piano ballad which shows off Adele's voice to its best effect. Sputnikmusic's Joseph Viney described the song as a delicate ballad that possesses an astonishing beauty. Its instrumentation consists of piano, "Broadway-worthy" strings and guitar. According to the digital sheet music published by Sony/ATV Music Publishing, "Turning Tables" is written in the key of C minor and set in common time, with 78 beats per minute. The song accompaniment uses the Seventh and Ninth chords and follows Two Chord Progressions and a Bridge(Passage) Progression of progression #1: Cm7(i7)-AM9(VI M9)-Fm9(iv9)-A(VI),Bridge progression: A(VI)-Fm7(iv7)-A(VI)-B(VII), Progression #2:Cm7(i7)-AM9(VI M9)-E(III)-Fm(iv). Adele's vocal range spans from the low note of G to the high note of C.  Lyrically, "Turning Tables" is a song of domestic dispute, where its narrator assumes a defensive stance against a manipulative ex-lover. Reconciling herself with the termination of a contentious relationship, she vows emotional distance to shield herself from future heartbreak. Bryan Boyd of "The Irish Times" likened the singer to 1980s Welsh rocker Bonnie Tyler in delivering the vocals with a mixture of anger, pain and pathos. According to "Paste" magazine, cinematic strings "serve as fitting counterpoint to [the song's] heartbroken, hollowed-out lyrics." "Turning Tables" opens with a piano sequence after which Adele sings the first lines: "Close enough to start a war/All that I have is on the floor". The chorus consists of the lyrics: "So I won't let you / Close enough to hurt me / No, I won't rescue / You to just desert me / I can't give you / The heart you think you gave me / It's time to say goodbye / To turning tables."

Reception.

Critical.

"Turning Tables" received acclaim from music critics. Ian Walker of the website AbsolutePunk commented that the song "contains some of the album's greatest vocal moments, further cementing Adele's reputation as a competent vocalist showing no signs of stopping." A writer from the "Daily Herald" said that Adele sounds "epic" on the song. "Entertainment Weekly"s Leah Greenblatt found a "scorned-woman balladry" in the song. Greg Kot of the "Chicago Tribune" found a "piano-based melancholy" in the song. A reviewer of HauteThought wrote that "Adele's natural ease and original tone shines in Turning Tables. The song allows her to explore her upper register without ignoring the lower, soulful sound she always seems able create." Lily Moayeri stated that on the "barely contained 'Turning Tables', Adele lets forth her formidable lungpower." Ryan Reed of "Paste" called the single "tearjerking", while Margaret Wappler of "Los Angeles Times" labeled the song as "softly sentimental".

Commercial.

"Turning Tables" debuted at its peak of number 63 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 for the issue dated 7 May 2011. The next week, the song dropped 21 places to number 85 and became the biggest fall of the week. The single stayed on the chart for total of three weeks and was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for selling over 500,000 digital copies. As of May 2015 "Turning Tables" has sold 883,000 digital downloads in the US alone. On the Canadian Hot 100, the song debuted at number 60 for the issue dated 7 May 2011. It fell to number 91 the next week becoming the biggest fall of the week. "Turning Tables" was certified gold by Music Canada for selling over 40,000 digital copies of the song. In the UK, it entered the singles chart at its peak of number 62 on 14 May 2011. On 21 May 2011 "Turning Tables" dropped to number 80, before falling of the chart the next week. On 17 September 2011 the song re-entered the UK Singles Chart at number 68. It was more successful on Belgium Ultratip singles chart where it reached number two in Wallonia and number four in Flanders. "Turning Tables" debuted at number nine on the Italian Singles Chart on 19 January 2012. After three weeks on the chart, the song reached its peak of number eight on 16 February 2012.

Live performances and covers.

Adele performed "Turning Tables" at Live at Largo in Los Angeles on 9 February 2011. Robie Daw of Idolator recognized the performance as "intimate" and commented that it featured Adele's soulful vocals simply accompanied by "haunting" piano chords. She performed the single on VH1 Unplugged on 3 March 2011. Adele performed the song at "Late Night with David Letterman"; the performance was later uploaded to her Vevo account on YouTube. On 4 September 2011, the singer performed "Turning Tables" at the premiere of "The Jonathan Ross Show" and was also interviewed. "Turning Tables" was part of the set list on Adele's second concert tour entitled Adele Live (2011). On 22 November 2011, Adele unveiled a video of her performance of the song from the concert held at the Royal Albert Hall in London. The performance was later included in her first video album "Live at the Royal Albert Hall" which was released on 25 November 2011. Adele described the concert as the most special show that she would ever play. Adele performed the song on 27 January 2012 at Live from the Artists Den. During the performance the singer stated: "Nothing in life moves me as much as being on stage does. I love the closeness of playing in small rooms, and this room was lovely and simple, just beautiful."  "Turning Tables" was covered by American actress and singer Gwyneth Paltrow, in the "A Night of Neglect" episode of the Fox Broadcasting Company television show "Glee". Her performance of the song was considered inferior to the original. Erica Futterman of "Rolling Stone" named it her least-favorite of Paltrow's covers to date and said that her vocals "lacked the texture that made Adele's version so heartbreaking." Sandra Gonzalez of "Entertainment Weekly" gave it her lowest grade of the episode, a "B–", and Aly Semigran of MTV opined that while Paltrow is "a nice enough singer," she "in no way has the chops" the song requires. Whilst "The Wall Street Journal"'s Raymund Flandez called it a "scene-stealing turn" and commended it visually and vocally, he noted that Paltrow lacks Adele's veracity. Released as a single, this version peaked at number 66 on US "Billboard" Hot 100 and Canadian Hot 100. As of 2 July 2012, the "Glee" version had sold 113,000 paid downloads in the US alone. Co-writer of the song Ryan Tedder performed the song at Denver's Acoustic Christmas (a charity concert hosted by all Colorado artists) with his band OneRepublic in 2011.

Credits and personnel.

Credits adapted from the liner notes of "21", XL Recordings.  Recording  Personnel

Certifications.

"Turning Tables" is a song recorded by English singer-songwriter Adele for her second studio album, "21". Conceived after an altercation with her former lover, the song was co-written by Adele and singer-songwriter Ryan Tedder, whilst the production was completed by Jim Abbiss. "Turning Tables" is a pop ballad with a soulful sound; its instrumentation consists of piano, "Broadway-worthy" strings and guitar. Lyrically, the song describes a domestic dispute in which its narrator assumes a defensive stance against a manipulative ex-lover. XL Recordings sent the song to UK mainstream radio on 5 November 2011 as the fifth single from "21" along with "Rumour Has It".

Turning Tables ist ein Popsong der britischen Sängerin Adele aus ihrem zweiten Album "21". Das Lied wurde von Adele und Ryan Tedder geschrieben und von Jim Abbiss produziert.


Etymology.

The word ""opole"" comes from a Slavic language root, and designates a basic unit of Slavic tribal territory. Tribal organization, based on the "opole", remained operative in Poland until the Middle Ages. There are several places named "Opole" in Poland, the best known being in Upper Silesia. To distinguish between these two, the adjective ""Lubelskie"" was added to the name of the town that is located near the city of Lublin.

History.

First wooden church in Opole Lubelskie was probably built in the 12th century. In 1368, by decree of Casimir III the Great, Opole received Magdeburg rights, which was confirmed in documents issued in 1419. In the 16th and 17th centuries, Opole Lubelskie was one of centers of Reformation. Several Calvinists were active here. In 1625, a hospital was built outside the town, along the road to Sandomierz. Between 1663 and 1675, a new parish church was constructed, which still stands. In the mid 18th century, Opole Lubelskie prospered, after Piarists came here upon request of Jan Tarło, who also rebuilt the Slupezcki Palace (now Lubomirski Palace) in the baroque style.  A new hospital and schools were built, the church was expanded and a monastery was opened. In the late 18th century, Rozalia Lubomirska spent a few years in the palace of her husband Aleksander, located in the village of Niezdów, near Opole Lubelskie.  The town had a significant Jewish minority, which perished during the Holocaust. The Opole Lubelskie Ghetto was created in March 1941, with Jews both from the town, and from such locations, as Kazimierz Dolny and Puławy. Later on, Jews from Austria, France and Slovakia were brought here. The ghetto was liquidated in October 1942, when its 9,000 inhabitants were transported to Sobibor extermination camp.  The town is home to one of the most modern prison in Poland - "Zakład Karny Opole Lubelskie", which was opened in October 2009. Among points of interest there are parish Church of Saint Mary (1663-1675, expanded 1748), complex of Piarist Monastery, Lubomirski Palace (today it houses a high school), town hall (1750), tenement houses, cemetery chapel (1790). The cemetery itself was opened in 1772.

Twin towns.

Opole Lubelskie is twinned with:

Opole Lubelskie is a town in eastern Poland. As of 2004, it had 8,879 inhabitants. The town is situated in Lublin Voivodeship, some 10 kilometers east of the Vistula River, and is the capital of Opole Lubelskie County. It was founded in the 14th century, and historically belongs to Lublin Land, which is part of Lesser Poland.

Opole Lubelskie ist eine Stadt im Powiat Opolski der Woiwodschaft Lublin in Polen. Die Stadt mit 8673 Einwohnern ist Sitz der gleichnamigen Stadt-und-Land-Gemeinde mit etwa 17.500 Einwohnern und des Powiats Opolski.


History.

Lisa Lisa and Cult Jam was formed after Velez auditioned with Full Force, a production team from East Flatbush, Brooklyn, at the age of 14. The group released their debut album "Lisa Lisa & Cult Jam with Full Force" in 1985. She was signed by Columbia Records and the label released their single "I Wonder If I Take You Home" to the European division of CBS Records in 1983 for the compilation album "Breakdancing". Stateside club DJs began playing the single from the import LP during 1984, and thus the U.S. division of CBS, Columbia Records, released the record. It quickly became a chart-topper on "Billboard"'s Hot Dance/Disco chart. It then crossed over to the R&B chart where it peaked at #6, and then to the pop chart, peaking at #34 in summer 1985. The single eventually went gold.  "I Wonder If I Take You Home" was followed by another club hit, "Can You Feel the Beat", which also went to #40 on the R&B chart in late 1985. A sampling of the lyrics of this song would later be used by Nina Sky for their hit single "Move Ya Body" in 2004. Their third single, the ballad "All Cried Out", also went gold, going to number #3 R&B and #8 pop in summer 1986. "All Cried Out" was later covered by Allure in 1997 and was a hit in 1998. "Lisa Lisa & Cult Jam with Full Force" went platinum.  Their second album, "Spanish Fly", was a huge success in 1987. It spawned two #1 pop hits, "Head to Toe" and "Lost in Emotion", both of which went gold and sported a retro Motown flavor mixed with the freestyle sound the group was known for. "Head to Toe" also parked at #1 R&B for two weeks and stayed in the pop top 5 nearly three months, while "Lost in Emotion's" video became the fourth most played of 1987 on MTV. "Spanish Fly" went platinum, peaking at #7 on the album chart. Other singles from the album were the ballad "Someone to Love Me for Me" (#7 R&B), and "Everything Will B-Fine" (#9 R&B).  In between albums they recorded "Go for Yours", which was featured in the movie "Caddyshack II".  Their third album was titled "Straight to the Sky", and was released in 1989. It featured the single "Little Jackie Wants to Be a Star".  Their fourth and final album, "Straight Outta Hell's Kitchen", was less of a success, though it did include a hit with "Let the Beat Hit 'Em", which was a #1 hit on both the R&B and club charts. The group disbanded in 1991.

Lisa Lisa and Cult Jam were an urban contemporary band and one of the first freestyle music groups to emerge from New York City in the 1980s. Cult Jam consisted of vocalist Lisa Lisa (Velez), guitarist/bassist Alex "Spanador" Moseley, and drummer/keyboardist Mike Hughes. They were assembled and produced by Full Force, of which Moseley and Hughes were also members.

Lisa Lisa (* 15. Januar 1966; eigentlich "Lisa Velez") und ihre Band Cult Jam sind eine US-amerikanische Pop, Freestyle und Contemporary-R&B-Band und auch eine der ersten Freestyle-Bands der 1980er Jahre.


Xenophon's "Hellenica".

Many consider this a very personal work, written by Xenophon in retirement on his Spartan estate, intended primarily for circulation among his friends, for people who knew the main protagonists and events, often because they had participated in them. Xenophon's account starts in 411 BCE, the year where Thucydides breaks off, and ends in 362 BCE, the year of the Battle of Mantineia. There is virtually no transition between the two works, to the extent that the opening words of "Hellenica", μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα, are translated as "After this", or sometimes "Following these events".

Summary.

Xenophon's "Hellenica" is a Classical Greek historical narrative divided into seven books that describe Greco-Persian history in the years BCE 411-362. The first two books narrate the final years of the Peloponnesian War from the exact moment in time at which Thucydides’ history ends. The remaining books three to seven focus primarily on the Spartans military and political machinations as the dominant city-state in Greece after the Pelopessenian wars end. The Hellenica to also covers the rise of Thebes as a major military power, and the brief period known as the Theban hegemony. When Thebes became the top city-state following Spartas defeat at the battle of Leuctra. Scholars believe the first two books were written at a much earlier time period when Xenophon was still living in Athens; while the later books 3-7 were written after Xenophon was banished from Athens and living in Sparta. The work ends with a summation by Xenophon that his history has ended, but another historian may continue it. However, there is no known direct continuation of the narrative. although several continuations did exist in antiquity, they are now lost. The Hellenica is the only primary source for the period from the end of the Peloponnesian War until the time of Alexander. Xenophon was personally familiar with the leading political figures in Sparta and witnessed many battles and expeditions found in the Hellenica. This period of time in Hellenistic history is poorly attested between Athens golden age and the rise of Macedon. Besides the Hellenica, this period is only written about by much later classical historians in the works of Diodorus Siculus, the Epitome of Trogus by Justin, and in the biographies of Plutarch and Cornelius Nepos.  The Hellenica starts with what happens next after the historic narrative abruptly ends in Thucydides History of the Peloponnesian War. It is alleged Xenophon was the editor of Thucydides manuscript after his supposed sudden death. This allowed Xenophon to directly continue the narration started by Thucydides and arguably Herodotus. Book one covers the ”Decelian war” period of the Peloponnesian War in the years BCE 411-406. These years of the war saw the rival navies of Sparta and Athens fight campaigns in the Hellespont region. Initially, the Athenian navy saw several major sea victories. Book one also narrates restoration of Alcibiade to the Athenian military and his return to Athens in 407 BCE.  Book 2 narrates the years BCE 406-402 and the end of the Peloponnesian War with the surrender of Athens in BCE 404. The Spartan commander Lysander ordered the long walls of Athens torn down, and Athens became formally allied with the Spartan hegemony. The Spartans also installed a new government. Book 2 focuses primarily on the internal politics of Athens following the war. The Sparta instituted oligarch regime, known as the thirty tyrants regime was overthrown and there was a resumption of democracy in Athens.  Book 3 shifts viewpoint from Athenian to Spartan politics, covering the years BCE 401-395. Book 3 starts with a brief account of the expedition of the Ten-Thousand against Persian king Artaxerxes II. For further description see Xenophons Anabasis. Book 3 narrates the Spartan expedition led by King Agesilaus in Asia Minor against the Persians. The satraps of Ionia, Pharnabazus and Tissaphernes, are prominent characters with shifting allegiances throughout the Hellenica.  Book 4 narrates BCE 395-388, and is primarily concerned with the Corinthian War. Book 4 recalls King Agesilaus’s Ionian campaign against Persian BCE 396-395. During this time, Satrap Pharnabazus bribed Greek states into revolting against Sparta. This eventually led to the Corinthian war, with the states of Athens, Corinth, Argos, and Thebes united against Sparta. This led to the recall of Spartan king Agesilaus and his army in 394 BCE from his campaign against Persia. This time saw the beginning of the Corinthian War, with the Persian Empire siding with Athens against Sparta. The Persian satrap Pharnabazus let the exiled Athenian general Conon lead the Persian navy in a number of battles, including the Battle of Cnidus in BCE 394. Conon then convinced Pharnabazus to allow Athens to keep the Persian fleet and to fund the rebuilding of the long walls at Athens.  Book 5 covers the years BCE 388-374. There is a peace conference at the end of the Corinthian War in BCE 387 that results in a treaty called the “Kings Peace”. The acropolis in Thebes is seized by the supposed renegade Spartan Phoebidas, enabling Sparta to control the city until BCE 398 when a group of Theban successfully expelled the Spartans and reclaimed mastery of the city. This later led to the Boeotian War from BCE 378-372.  Book 6 describes the years BCE 374-370. The Athenian general Iphicrates stealthily travels around the Peloponnesus. The Battle of Leuctra results in a major loss for Sparta against Thebes, ending the Boeotian War and Spartan hegemony in Greece, although Sparta would remain influential over the next decade. Theban hegemony begins under the leadership of Theban general Epaminondas.  Book 7 narrates the years BCE 370-362. During this period Thebes was the ascendant power in Greece. The old power structures fluctuated as new ones came into being. There was briefly an alliance between Athens and Sparta against Thebes. Sparta faced increasing harassment from both internal rebellions and outside resistance. The Spartan homeland saw the first invasion in centuries. The Theban hegemony ended in BCE 362 with the second battle of Mantinea.

Other works titled "Hellenica".

Among competing works under this title, now lost, two stand out, that written by Ephorus of Cyme and that by Theopompus of Chios. Ephorus attempted a universal history, and though he attempted to set apart history from myth, he began his work with the legendary "Return of the sons of Heracles", which modern readers understand as wholly mythic "aitia". As a pupil of the rhetorician Isocrates he was not above embroidering his narrative with believable circumstantial detail. Oswyn Murray remarked, "His style and completeness, unfortunately, made him rather popular, but at least he stands out as one who had thought about the purposes that history should serve, and got them wrong." The "Hellenica" of Theopompus, another pupil of Isocrates, was a continuation of Thucydides.  Yet another, fragmentary "Hellenica" found in papyrus at Oxyrhynchus, is known as "Hellenica Oxyrhynchia;" it covered events from 411 to the year of the Battle of Cnidus, 395/4 BCE. It has been tentatively attributed to several historians.

Hellenica () simply means writings on Greek (Hellenic) subjects. Several histories of fourth-century Greece, written in the mould of Thucydides or straying from it, have borne the conventional Latin title "Hellenica". The surviving "Hellenica" is an important work of the Greek writer Xenophon and one of the principal sources for the final seven years of the Peloponnesian War not covered by Thucydides, and the war's aftermath.

Helleniká ( „griechische Geschichte“) ist der Titel eines von dem antiken griechischen Autor Xenophon verfassten Geschichtswerks. Das Werk behandelt die Geschichte Griechenlands von 411 bis 362 v. Chr. in sieben Büchern. Offenbar verstand sich Xenophon als Fortsetzer des Thukydides, denn die "Helleniká" schließen direkt an dessen Geschichtswerk an, das abrupt im achten Buch abbricht. Mit der Anknüpfung an ein Vorgängerwerk gehörte Xenophon zu den Begründern einer antiken historiographischen Tradition "(historia perpetua)", einer fortlaufenden Zeitgeschichte; diese Tradition blieb bis in die Spätantike lebendig. Schlusspunkt von Xenophons Darstellung bildet die Schlacht von Mantineia, in der die hegemoniale Stellung Thebens, das 371 v. Chr. Spartas Hegemonie in Griechenland beendet hatte, ihrerseits gebrochen wurde.


Life.

Born in Odessa, Lambrino first received his musical training with Dmitri Klimow in his native city. Presumably from the winter semester 1898/1899 where he was enrolled for one year at the University of Music and Performing Arts Munich, among others the Liszt's students Berthold Kellermann as well as Anton Beer-Walbrunn and Josef Gabriel Rheinberger were his teachers. At the end of 1899, Lambrino seems to have moved to Leipzig. From here he regularly went to Berlin to continue his studies with Rubinstein's student Maria Teresa Carreño.  Already early on Lambrino took over the direction of his own master classes, both at the Richard Bruno Heydrich Konservatorium für Musik und Theater in Halle (from February 1905, with interruptions until 1915) and at the Thuringian State Conservatory in Erfurt. After a short period of activity at the Moscow Conservatory, which lasted from 1908 to 1909 and was connected with a professorship, Lambrino settled permanently in Leipzig to create better conditions for a career as a soloist. There he gave private lessons to a large circle of students without ever belonging to the University of Music and Theatre Leipzig. From 1918/19 to 1924, Lambrino also taught piano training classes at the Berlin Klindworth-Scharwenka-Konservatorium.  Lambrino developed into one of the most sought-after pianists of his time. Tours have taken the artist all over Europe and to Russia since 1902. Karl Straube characterized Lambrino in an obituary with the words "He can be counted among the most gifted of this century....] Those who come from his school can boast that they have been presented with music that is full of emotion and emotion right down to the last movement".  A Welte-Mignon recording from 1905 of Franz Schubert's Military March in the adaptation by Carl Tausig has been preserved and another one with the Etudes Op. 25 no. 8 and 9 by Frédéric Chopin.  Lambrino died in Leipzig at age 51.

Télémaque Lambrino (27 October 1878 – 25 February 1930) was a German pianist and music educator. The son of Greek parents, he lived and worked mainly in Germany.

Télémaque Lambrino (* 27. Oktober 1878 in Odessa; † 25. Februar 1930 in Leipzig) war ein Pianist und Klavierpädagoge. Sohn griechischer Eltern, lebte und wirkte er überwiegend in Deutschland.


Plot.

In 1964, Pinkie Brown, the sociopathic enforcer of a Brighton gang, murders Fred Hale, who has himself killed the gang leader, Kite. Brown befriends Rose, a young waitress who witnessed the gang's activity, to keep an eye on her. She falls in love with him. To prevent her from being compelled to give evidence against him, he marries her. Ida, Rose's employer and a friend of Hale's, takes it upon herself to save the girl from the monster she has married.

Production.

Rowan Joffé was originally uninterested in the project, which as first proposed was to be a remake of the film. After re-reading the novel, however, Joffé "fell absolutely in love with the character of Rose" and convinced the studio to let him adapt the novel directly. Joffe later explained why he did his own adaptation of the novel: Apropos to the location, Pinkie kills Spicer by shoving a stick of Brighton rock candy down his throat.

Release.

"Brighton Rock" premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival in September 2010 and the BFI London Film Festival in October 2010.  The film was released theatrically in the United Kingdom on 4 February 2011, and in Australia on 14 April 2011. In the United States, IFC Films released the film in August 2011, theatrically in New York City and Los Angeles, and elsewhere via video-on-demand.

Reception.

"Brighton Rock" received mixed reviews from critics. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 51% of 93 critics gave the film a positive review, for an average rating of 5.6/10. Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score from 1 to 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, gave the film a 57 based on 24 reviews indicating "mixed or average reviews." According to Stephen Holden, "Mr. Joffé has turned "Brighton Rock" into a full-scale film noir with the stylistic undertow of a more modern British gangster movie. As potentially lethal as the thugs may be, they are also slightly over-the-hill small-time bookies who seem anything but invincible, and the movie gives each a complicated personality. Andy Serkis is outstanding as the oily Colleoni, a smirking sybarite and crime lord with playboy airs." Holden notes "Mr. Riley, now 31, is a little too old to play a teenage gangster, and it throws the movie off somewhat. If Pinkie's recklessly impulsive behavior is that of a frightened teenager, Mr. Riley's slick hair, facial scar and cold, wide-eyed stare suggest a seasoned smoothie who has watched a lot more dirty water slosh under the bridge than any teenager could have witnessed." Nevertheless, Holden concludes "By discarding most of the theological debate [found in the book], the movie is no longer a passion play but a gritty and despairing noir. That’s good enough for me."

Brighton Rock is a 2010 British crime film written and directed by Rowan Joffé and loosely based on Graham Greene's 1938 novel of the same name. The film stars Sam Riley, Andrea Riseborough, Andy Serkis, John Hurt, Sean Harris and Helen Mirren.

Brighton Rock ist ein britisches Gangsterdrama aus dem Jahr 2010, das vom Schicksal von Pinkie Brown, einem Kleinganoven im englischen Seebad Brighton der 1960er Jahre, handelt. Der Film basiert auf dem gleichnamigen Roman von Graham Greene (1938), der 1947 bereits von John Boulting unter demselben Titel verfilmt wurde.


Life.

Vincenzo Peis was born on 10 December 1701 in Sardinia as one of seven children to the poor peasants Mattia Peis Cadello and Anna Maria Sanna Casu. He was baptized as "Francesco Ignazio Vincenzo" since he was born out of a difficult pregnancy in which her mother invoked the intercession of Francis of Assisi.  Peis worked on the fields to support his parents. He suffered a serious illness circa 1719 (aged seventeen) that made him vow that he would consecrate himself to God and join the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin if he managed to recover from it. He did so recover but put off the fulfilment of his vow after his father convinced him to wait; his father was anxious about it because he depended on Peis for support in the fields. But there seems to be some indication that his parents objected to his entering the order. In 1721 he was in danger once more when the horse he was riding panicked. He could have been thrown off but he called upon the assistance of Francis of Assisi and renewed the vow he had made during his illness. This time his parents did not raise objections to his becoming a friar and granted him their blessing. In his childhood he often called the local church his "home" and took Lawrence of Brindisi as his personal role model.  He asked for admission at the convent in Cagliari but the superiors there hesitated because of his delicate health. He then called upon an influential friend who interceded for him and he was allowed to be received into the novitiate on 10 November 1721. Peis made his profession on 10 November 1722. Despite his infirmities his ardor allowed him to attend the spiritual exercises of the order and to excel in perfection of his observance of the order's Rule. From 1722 until 1737 he worked at the house's weaving shed and from 1737 onwards was an alms beggar.  Peis spent his time in a number of different occupations and was later appointed as the quester of alms due to his humble and modest conduct. He had good relations with the people in Cagliari who realized that although he was begging alms he was also giving back to them in a spiritual manner. His modest demeanor was seen as a quiet sermon for all who saw him going about, which made him a noted figure. He seldom spoke; when required he spoke with exceptional kindness and great affection. He would also instruct the children and the uneducated that he came across, and went out to comfort the sick and urge sinners to be converted and to perform penance.  There is a legend that he was known for his strict and total obedience to his superiors even when it required the denial of his own will. He was accustomed to go to the house of an usurer because he feared that in accepting an alms from him he would share the guilt of this man's injustices. But when the man complained and the superior commanded him, he accepted alms from the man. It was when he returned that he opened the sack that the usurer offered and blood started to flow out. To those around him the Peis said: "This is the blood of the poor squeezed from them by usury". Peis' sister had often written to him asking him to visit her so that she could get his advice in certain matters. Peis had no mind to heed her request but when his superior ordered him to do so he at once undertook the visit. But he left again as soon as he had given the required advice. Peis' brother was sent to prison and it was hoped that - in view of reputation of Peis - the latter could obtain his brother's release. His superior sent him to speak to the governor but he asked that his brother be dealt with according to justice.  Despite his poor health and other infirmities, he continued in his work no matter how arduous it seemed. Even after he became blind in 1779, he continued to work on for the benefit of those around him. Peis died on 11 May 1781 at 3:00pm in Cagliari, where his remains were interred.

Canonization.

The cause for canonization opened after his death in 1844 (local level) and there were numerous reports of miracles attributed to him occurring at his tomb. The cause commenced and investigated the life and works of the late friar (a Positio was sent to the Congregation for Rites in 1868) while the confirmation of his heroic virtue enabled Pope Pius IX - on 26 May 1869 - to title Peis as Venerable. The confirmation of two miracles attributed to him (occurring after death) enabled Pope Pius XII to preside over his beatification on 16 June 1940. The ratification of an additional two miracles (occurring after beatification) allowed for Pius XII to canonize the friar on 21 October 1951 in Saint Peter's Basilica.  The Positio dossier compiled during the cause noted that there were 121 miracles attributed to Peis during his life with an additional 86 reported after his death.

Patronage and legacy.

Peis is known as a patron saint for beggars and students. On 11 May 2007 he was proclaimed as the patron saint of the Oristano province in an official decree. On 11 May 2014 a statue dedicated to him was unveiled in Sestu.

Ignazio da Laconi (10 December 1701 - 11 May 1781) - born Vincenzo Peis - was a Roman Catholic professed religious born in Sardinia, from the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin. His conquering a serious illness prompted him to consecrate his life to God and therefore entered the religious life though not as an ordained priest. Peis was better known in Sardinia for his humble demeanor coupled with his concern for those who were poor. He mingled with all people he met and was generous towards those who were ill. But he became known as a wonder worker and it was claimed that he had performed 121 miracles during his life.

Ignazio da Laconi (* 17. Dezember 1701 in Laconi auf Sardinien; † 11. Mai 1781 in Cagliari auf Sardinien) war ein italienischer Kapuziner und Mystiker. Er wird als Heiliger in der katholischen Kirche verehrt.


Playing career.

Youth and college.

Hyndman was born in Macau to a Russian-French mother and a Portuguese father, but after the communist revolution in China his family fled the country in the cargo hold of a ship in 1957. They moved to Springfield, Ohio before settling in Vandalia, Ohio where he attended Butler High School. Following high school, he entered Eastern Illinois University on a soccer scholarship. He was part of the 1969 NAIA national men's soccer championship team as a freshman. He graduated from Eastern Illinois with a bachelor's degree in physical education in 1973.

Professional.

In 1975, Hyndman spent one season as a professional player with the Cincinnati Comets in the American Soccer League.

Coaching career.

In the fall of 1973, Hyndman entered Murray State University, graduating with a masters degree in 1975. In addition to taking classes, he also coached the men's soccer team. In 1976, he moved to Sao Paulo, Brazil where he taught at Escola Graduada and served as a staff coach with the São Paulo Futebol Clube. In 1977, he returned to the U.S. to become the head coach at Eastern Illinois University, then competing in the NCAA Division II. Over seven seasons, he compiled a 98–24–11 record. In 1978, Hyndman took the Panthers to third in the NCAA post-season tournament. In 1979, he topped that as Eastern Illinois finished runner-up to Alabama A&M. In 1981, the team moved up to the NCAA Division I, taking third place in the 1981 Division I tournament. That led to his being selected as the 1981 NSCAA Coach of the Year. He was inducted into the Eastern Illinois Athletic Hall of Fame in 2001.  In 1984, Southern Methodist University hired Hyndman as head coach of the Mustangs soccer team. Over the next twenty-four seasons, he compiled a 368–96–38 record, earning eight league Coach of the Year honors, five regional Coach of the Year honors. On June 16, 2008, FC Dallas of Major League Soccer hired Hyndman as head coach after the sacking of Steve Morrow. In 2010, he coached Dallas to the MLS Cup Final, losing to Colorado Rapids. Hyndman resigned following the 2013 season.  On January 13, 2015, he was named head men's soccer coach at Grand Canyon University. In 2018, Grand Canyon became the third school he led into the NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship.

Administration.

In 2001, Hyndman was selected to serve as a member of the NSCAA Executive Committee. In January 2005, he became President of the NSCAA, serving in that capacity for one year.

Personal life.

Hyndman is also an established Aiki Ju-Jutsu coach, and has been teaching the discipline for over 25 years in the Dallas area. Hyndman is a 10th degree black belt with Juko Kai Int'o.

Schellas Hyndman (born November 4, 1951) is the head men's soccer coach at Grand Canyon University. He was previously head coach of FC Dallas in Major League Soccer.

Schellas Hyndman (* 1951 in Macau) ist ein US-amerikanischer Fußballtrainer und ehemaliger Fußballspieler. Seit 2015 betreut er als Trainer die Fußballmannschaft der Grand Canyon Antelopes, welche die Universität Grand Canyon University aus Phoenix, Arizona vertreten.


Biography.

Born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Milkowski studied journalism in college, earning a bachelor's degree in 1977 from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, where he also served as editor of the campus newspaper, "The UWM Post". He combined his interests in music and journalism when he began working as freelance music critic at "The Milwaukee Journal" in 1977. He co-published the city's alternative bi-weekly newspaper "Cityside" from December 1977 to May 1979 and served as editor of the monthly "Milwaukee" magazine from 1979 to 1980. He moved to New York in September 1980 after accepting a position as managing editor for the Long Island-based weekly entertainment publication "Good Times", where he worked for two years.  As a New York-based freelance music writer from 1983 to 1993, Milkowski contributed cover stories, interviews, record reviews, and opinion pieces on jazz, rock, and blues musicians for numerous national magazines. In September 1993, he moved to New Orleans, where he continued freelancing for several national music magazines while also appearing weekly as an overnight DJ ("The Milkman") at radio station WWOZ.His first book, "JACO: The Extraordinary and Tragic Life of Jaco Pastorius, The World's Greatest Bass Player" (Miller-Freeman Books) was published in April 1995 during the week of the birth of his daughter. It was translated for editions in Italy, Spain, Slovakia, France, Bulgaria, and Japan. After returning to New York in 1997, Milkowski published "Rockers, Jazzbos & Visionaries" (Billboard Books, 1998) and "Swing It! An Annotated History of Jive" (Billboard Books, 2001). An updated and revised 10th Anniversary Edition of his Jaco Pastorius biography was published in 2005 by Backbeat Books. He wrote "Legends of Jazz" (White Star Publishers) in 2011 and that same year co-wrote "Here And Now: The Autobiography of Pat Martino" (Backbeat Books). His book "Keith Richards: A Rock 'n' Roll Life" (White Star Publishers) came out in 2012.  Milkowski was a consultant on the 2014 documentary film "JACO", produced by Metallica bassist Robert Trujillo, and appeared on panel discussions with its premiere at film festivals in New York City, Washington D.C., Cape May, New Jersey, Montreal, and Buenos Aires.  As a record producer, Milkowski oversaw recordings for guitarist Phil deGruy ("Innuendo Out the Other", NYC, 1995), guitarist Pat Martino ("All Sides Now", Blue Note, 1998) and produced the compilation "Come Together: A Guitar Tribute to The Beatles" (NYC, 1993) as well as tracks on the compilations "World Christmas" (Metro Blue, 1996) and "Who Loves You: A Tribute to Jaco Pastorius" (JVC, 2001).

Bill Milkowski (born September 26, 1954) is an American jazz critic, journalist, and biographer. Since the 1970s he has written thousands of articles for magazines and album liner notes. He has written for "DownBeat", "JazzTimes", "Jazziz", "The Absolute Sound", "Paste", "Jazzthing" (in Germany) and "Guitar Club" (in Italy). He is the author of a biography of bassist Jaco Pastorius, a biography of Rolling Stones guitarist Keith Richards, an annotated history of jive music, and a collection of interviews.

Bill Milkowski (* 26. September 1954 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin) ist ein US-amerikanischer Journalist, Musikproduzent, Gitarrist, Hörfunkmoderator und Jazz-Autor. Er gilt nicht zuletzt durch seine Jaco-Pastorius-Biografie als einer der kompetentesten Autoren über den Jazzrock.


Plot.

Karan (Shahid Kapoor) is a shy and nerdy canteen boy and college student, running a café with his friend Murugan (Johnny Lever), and Tanya (Rimi Sen) is a student in the same college. She is the most popular girl on campus. Karan is in love with Tanya but is too shy to tell her. After he musters some courage and rescues her step-brother from some goons, he catches her attention and is eventually able to invite her to a fake birthday party. On her way there, Tanya witnesses the murder of a scientist, Khurana (Om Puri) by his evil twin brother, the underworld don Mehboob, and as a result is forced to flee the country to save her own life, since the law had been bought out by the very same killers. The scientist had stored a secret code in a stuffed toy, a parrot, now being sought by Mehboob, and Khurana was able to hide the toy in Tanya's car before being killed. Unawares, Tanya leaves the toy at home before fleeing the country, and the toy is later picked up by Karan, ignorant of Tanya's fate.  Three years later, still in love with Tanya, but depressed by her sudden and complete disappearance, Karan stumbles across old schoolmates of hers at a café, and learns from them that she had been living in Dubai all this time. Karan coaxes Murugan to help him track down Tanya in Dubai. They enlist the aid of a local hustler and bounty hunter, Rocky (Akshay Kumar).  Rocky travels to Dubai, where his friend Babloo (Vijay Raaz) has already tracked down Tanya, who has become Natasha, a successful singer and performer. Rocky and Babloo stakeout Natasha's villa to make sure they are on the right track, but as soon as Rocky spots Natasha, it's love at first sight. While he has Natasha under surveillance, Karan and Murugan arrive at the Dubai airport from India. Faced with a potential competitor to woo Natasha, Rocky attempts to eliminate Karan from the picture by lying to him about Tanya. He says that Tanya had taken up drinking and smoking, had had two husbands, six children and also an affair with a gangster, with whom she had a further illegitimate child. He further lies that Tanya had been left wheelchair bound after a drunk driving accident. Karan is heartbroken to hear all this, and decides to go back to Mumbai. He is about to board his flight, when at the last moment, he spots a picture of Tanya as Natasha on a club advertisement printed across an airport Taxi. He is overjoyed, and assumes that Rocky made a mistake, not being aware that Rocky is in fact trying to deceive him.  Things are about to get more complicated, since not only has Rocky to contend with Karan, there are two other people already in her life, trying to catch her in their web of deceit. Local plumber, Sanju Malvani (Sunil Shetty) has been currying favours for Natasha by pretending to be a paraplegic on crutches. Every time Natasha meets someone she likes, Sanju eliminates the competitor using a unique trick. He edits and prints out a fake newspaper featuring an article showing that person as a crook, and comes over to Natasha and shares "the news" with her while acting all shocked himself, thus earning her admiration. On the other hand, there is Tanya's physically disabled live-in friend Tommy (Paresh Rawal), who also has a soft spot for her. Having heard of the death of Tanya's disabled brother a year ago, Tommy has since faked being run over in a car accident and now acts like he himself is disabled and mentally challenged, thus managing to stay close to Natasha by seamlessly filling in the void left behind by her deceased brother.  Nonetheless, Rocky begins his attempted seduction of Natasha. Having wired the villa, and thus overheard what Natasha craves in a man, Rocky shows up at the local shopping mall, pretending to be an architect. Natasha, who is shopping at the mall, is ambushed in the parking lot by a bunch of thugs (who it later transpires are simply mugs hired by Rocky himself). Rocky intervenes, and after seemingly beating the living daylights out of the supposed thugs (the scene is similar to Jean-Claude Van Damme's introductory action sequence from Hard Target (1993)), introduces himself to Natasha, and proceeds to show himself off as a charming professional with a heart of gold. Somewhat awed, Natasha offers Rocky an invitation for tea later in the evening, which he accepts.  When Rocky arrives at her villa later in the evening, he is confronted by several obstacles, Natasha's sister Sweety (Supriya Pilgaonkar), the jealous Tommy and the family's pet dog. Rocky is easily able to charm Sweety, but has to drug the dog, who dies due to an overdose while the sisters are making Rocky a drink in the kitchen. Crisis is avoided when Rocky is able to revive the dog by electrocution using wiring from a lamp in the living room. The parties then quickly depart to the grand opening of Natasha's latest album at a social event, where Rocky now comes face to face with Sanju, who puts Rocky on the spot right away, as he himself is pretending to be an architect!  With Natasha and company under surveillance, Rocky now intercepts Sanju trying to discredit him at Natasha's home. Later, when the shocked Natasha confronts Rocky about him being an alleged impostor, Rocky is able to fast-talk his way out of the situation and convince the gullible Natasha that he is indeed not an architect, but a captain on a ship, something his mother does not approve of, thus the ruse. Tommy, however behaves in a somewhat jealous manner and puts Rocky in a confusing situation, involving him jumping on Rocky's back and then accusing the latter of having twisted and bitten his arm. A food bill from a bar drops out of Tommy's pocket during his supposed accusation. This arouses Rocky's suspicions about his supposed "condition".  The next day using that food bill, Rocky and Babloo track down Tommy at a local disco where, unaware that he is being followed, Tommy shows up every week, for a little fun and dance away from his daily existence as a fake disabled victim. Rocky confronts Tommy while he is on the disco floor and threatens to expose him in front of Natasha. At the end, Rocky lets Tommy go, on the condition that the latter will no longer attempt to get in his way of seducing Natasha.  The scene now shifts to the harbour, where Rocky has invited Natasha over for a cruise. While he is coddling her on the harbour front, Natasha spots Karan and Murugan sitting at the grounds. Unaware that Karan is in Dubai searching for her, she is overjoyed to see an old friend from her past. She introduces Karan to Rocky, unaware that they know each other quite well already! Karan, however, seeing Rocky and Natasha all smiles and happy, simply wants to leave them alone out of his love for Tanya. He just wants her to be happy, even if it is with Rocky and not himself, much to Murugan's frustration. While he tries to leave the scene, pretending that he and Murugan have a flight to catch, Natasha convinces Karan to stay one more night in Dubai, and come over for dinner later in the day.  Sanju shows up later at the party, and pulls Natasha aside to reveal his latest newspaper creation, showing Rocky as an international crook, murderer and serial killer wanted by many crime agencies the world over, whose M.O, as Sanju explains is to trap and seduce innocent girls like Natasha and then destroy their lives. Rocky overhears the conversation and while Natasha is occupied elsewhere, chases Sanju outside in the club parking lot. Sanju drops the pre tense of being crippled, throws his crutches on the ground, and runs for dear life. Later, Rocky, Sanju and Tommy are seen sitting in a bar nearby after a confrontation, exposing each other as fraudsters and having a drink together, cursing their luck at the emergence of Karan as the new love in Natasha'a life.  With Rocky having bugged Natasha again, the trio now listen to Natasha's views about them and find out, in a hilarious manner, that all is not what it seems, since she views Sanju as a brother like figure, Tommy as something similar to her deceased brother, and Rocky as a fraud and murderer. They then go to Natasha's house, where she is having coffee with Karan. Rocky uses a gun to shoot some specially medicated pills into the drawing room to be consumed by the dog. One of them is consumed by the dog, but the other is consumed by Sweety. The effects are hilarious as Sweety suddenly becomes hyperactive and so does the dog. Confusion ensues as the dog attacks Karan and he ends up throwing it out the window.  The next day, Karan goes to Natasha's house to propose to her and finds that she has been sent an anonymous letter, informing her that he indeed had hired Rocky to follow her. In a spate of anger, she sends him out of the house. Later, when he goes to Rocky's house to confront him about this, he finds Sanju and Tommy there as well, who also reveal themselves to have been conning Natasha. Further, Sanju reveals that he had written the anonymous letter to Natasha and goes on to reveal his trick with the newspapers, disgusting Karan. Meanwhile, Mehboob and his family, including Sunny, (his illegitimate son, who has also been obsessed with Tanya since college) arrive at Natasha's house and interrogate her about the stuffed toy. Realising that his father had used his obsession to track down Natasha, Sunny turns on his father and kidnaps her. Sweety informs Sanju about this and he along with Rocky, Karan and Tommy follow them after having gotten directions from Murugan, who happened to see them from a taxi. The chase takes them to the middle of a desert, where after some confusion, it is revealed that Khurana had stored the code of a vault in the stuffed toy. The vault had carried a secret solution, two drops of which could decrease a person's age by 25 years. The night Khurana had died, he had found that his brother wanted to use the formula for his own consumption and had tried to escape in Natasha's car as she had been passing by. He had slipped the toy into a package, a birthday present she had been carrying for Karan's fake birthday dinner, thus explaining how he had the toy. Khurana used the toy to counteract his forgetfulness. Natasha sent him out of the car at first, but, undergoing a change of heart, had gone back later just in time to witness Mehboob's son Baljeet kill Khurana.  Rocky intervenes and cleverly destroys the toy after having it speak the code into Natasha's ear, making sure she cannot be killed, the code being in her mind now. A gunfight ensues, during which Natasha discovers Tommy and Sanju's deceit, much to her shock and disgust. After the commotion, Baljeet, wanting the solution all for himself, to sell to a Chinese buyer and make millions, kidnaps Natasha. Rocky and Sanju follow them on bikes and finally manage to catch up with them. After beating up all the men, they take Natasha to her house where a further argument ensues as to who should be more worthy of Natasha. The argument ends when Karan arrives with Raj Sinha (Aftab Shivdasani) and tells Natasha about Sanju's newspaper scams (which the latter confesses), one of which had exposed Raj as a drug dealer and addict earlier. Raj and Natasha are reunited. Wishing them luck, Karan leaves in sadness after the others are left cursing.  Natasha realises her love for Karan and stops him as he is leaving, saying that she and Raj had had no future ever since their earlier break up. She then accepts and reciprocates his love and they finally unite. This tearful union is once again being witnessed by a grumbling Rocky, Sanju and Tommy along with Sunny. Rocky impatiently tells them to stop cursing and asks them to admit to the fact that they were never worthy enough for her. He then turns to Babloo and suggests, in a whisper, that they try to find out where Karan and Tanya are going for their honeymoon and they eagerly put on a pair of earphones. In the last frame, the camera pans to Tanya and Karan walking away towards the sunset, hand in hand.  At the end, the narrator says that after all the effort he had undertaken to acquire the solution, Mehboob had become too overexcited and had consumed the whole quantity instead of two drops. He had ended up becoming a baby and Sunny unwittingly became his father. The film ends as the narrator requests the audience not to forget him.

Soundtrack.

The music for all the songs were composed by Anu Malik and the lyrics for this film were by penned by Sameer.

Reception.

The film received favourable reviews upon release. However, it didn't manage to succeed at the box office. It grossed Rs.26.5 crore fully and was given the final verdict of flop. Though after the release of this movie it was accepted very well by audience on TV. The film's producer Firoz Nadiadwala had said that he had done a mistake by releasing this movie right after another Akshay Kumar movie Garam Masala (2005 film), which was the reason behind it becoming a flop.

Deewane Huye Paagal ("Lovers Gone Mad") is a 2005 masala film directed by Vikram Bhatt, and produced by Firoz A. Nadiadwala. The film features Akshay Kumar, Shahid Kapoor, Sunil Shetty, Rimi Sen, Paresh Rawal along with many others. Aftab Shivdasani and Vivek Oberoi make guest appearances. Amisha Patel was first approached to play the lead role but she refused to work with Shahid Kapoor.

Deewane Huye Paagal (übersetzt: "Die Liebenden werden verrückt") ist ein Bollywoodkomödie aus dem Jahr 2005. Die Komödie basiert teilweise auf den Film "Verrückt nach Mary" mit Ben Stiller und Cameron Diaz. In der indischen Version werden die Rollen von Shahid Kapoor und Rimi Sen gespielt. Außerdem ist er eine Fortsetzung des erfolgreicheren Films "Awara Paagal Deewana". Der Film weicht zwar inhaltlich ab, aber etwa die Hälfte der Darsteller treten in beiden Filmen auf. An den Kinokassen konnte er an den Erfolg des Vorgängers nicht anknüpfen und floppte.