Noel Purcell (water polo and rugby union)

Early life.

Purcell was born in Dublin. He was the son of Daniel Purcell, a solicitor who was originally from Limerick, and Mary Clara Hoey who was from Dublin. He had two older siblings, a brother and a sister. In 1911 the Purcell family were living in Leeson Street. Purcell was educated at Belvedere College, Clongowes Wood College and Trinity College, Dublin. During the First World War, he served as a second lieutenant and then as a captain with the Leinster Regiment. He was injured while serving on the Western Front.

Water polo player.

Clubs and province.

Purcell was a member of both Dublin University Swimming Club and the Dublin Swimming Club. As a swimmer he won four Irish Amateur Swimming Association championship titles between 1911 and 1920. In 1911 and 1912 he won the titles over 880 yards, in 1919 he won the 220 yards gold medal and in 1920 he was champion over 440 yards. In 1913 and 1921, as a water polo player, he won two Leinster Senior Cups with Dublin University. He also helped Dublin University win an All Ireland title in 1920. In a 1921 Leinster Senior League game against Pembroke, Purcell scored all four goals for Dublin University in a 4–2 win. Purcell also represented Leinster at provincial level.

Great Britain.

At the 1920 Summer Olympics, Purcell was a member of the Great Britain team that won the gold medal. It was originally intended that Great Britain would be represented by the England national team. However, in a final trial game, England were beaten 6–0 by a Rest of Great Britain team featuring Purcell. This subsequently saw Purcell included in the Olympic squad. Although representing Great Britain, pictures from the Olympics, show Purcell wearing a swimming costume with a shamrock and the word "Ireland" on it. In the Olympic final, Great Britain beat Belgium 3–2 to win the gold medal. Other members of the team included Charles Sydney Smith, Paul Radmilovic, Charles Bugbee, Christopher Jones, William Peacock and William Henry Dean.

Ireland.

Purcell played for Ireland from 1910 to 1932. At the 1924 Summer Olympics he captained the Ireland team. Having previously represented Great Britain in 1920, Purcell now became the first Olympic athlete to represent two different nations. In the quarter final against Czechoslovakia, Purcell scored twice as Ireland lost 4–2. Purcell was also selected to represent Ireland at the 1928 Summer Olympics. However he declined because of his business commitments as a solicitor. He also wanted to give younger players the opportunity to play at an Olympics. Purcell also represented Ireland at the Tailteann Games.

Rugby union career.

Clubs and province.

Purcell played club rugby union for both Dublin University and Lansdowne. He was club captain at Lansdowne for the 1919–20 and 1920–21 seasons. He also represented Leinster at provincial level and toured with the Barbarians.

Ireland.

In the 1921 Five Nations Championship, Purcell played in all four games for Ireland. He made his debut against England on 12 February at Twickenham. He then played against Scotland on 26 February and Wales on 12 March. He made his final appearance for Ireland against France on 9 April at the Stade Colombes.

Referee and Selecter.

Purcell refereed the 1927 Five Nations Championship match between England and Scotland. As a referee, he was not as fast around the field as he had been as a player. A match report in "The Times" noted "NM Purcell from Ireland refereed casually and from a great distance." Between 1939 and 1941 Purcell also served as selecter for Ireland.

Noel Mary Joseph Purcell (14 November 1891 – 31 January 1962) was a water polo player who represented both Great Britain and Ireland at the 1920 and 1924 Summer Olympics respectively. He was also an Ireland rugby union international and rugby union referee. He was the first Olympic athlete to represent two different nations. He is also the only Ireland rugby union international to ever win an Olympic Gold medal. In 2012 his collection of medals and international caps were donated to Belvedere College by his daughter Rosemary and son Noel.

Noel Mary Joseph Purcell (* 25. Dezember 1899 in Dublin; † 31. Januar 1962 in Dún Laoghaire, Irland) war ein irischer Wasserball- und Rugbyspieler.


Function.

Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in the production of the cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH), involving the ATP-dependent condensation of cysteine and glutamate to form the dipeptide gamma-glutamylcysteine (γ-GC). This peptide coupling is unique in that it occurs between the amino moiety of the cysteine and the terminal carboxylic acid of the glutamate side chain (hence the name gamma-glutamyl cysteine). This peptide bond is resistant to cleavage by cellular peptidases and requires a specialized enzyme, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γGT), to metabolize γ-GC and GSH into its constituent amino acids.  GCL enzymatic activity generally dictates cellular GSH levels and GSH biosynthetic capacity. GCL enzymatic activity is influenced by numerous factors, including cellular expression of the GCL subunit proteins, access to substrates (cysteine is typically limiting in the production of γ-GC), the degree of negative feedback inhibition by GSH, and functionally relevant post-translational modifications to specific sites on the GCL subunits. Given its status as the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis, changes in GCL activity directly equate to changes in cellular GSH biosynthetic capacity. Therefore, therapeutic strategies to alter GSH production have focused on this enzyme.

Regulation.

In keeping with its critical importance in maintaining life, GCL is subject to a multi-level regulation of its expression, function, and activity. GCL expression is regulated at the transcriptional (transcription of the GCLC and GCLM DNA to make mRNA), posttranscriptional (the stability of the mRNA over time), translational (processing of the mRNA into protein), and posttranslational levels (involving modifications to the existing proteins). Although baseline constitutive expression is required to maintain cell viability, expression of the GCL subunits is also inducible in response to oxidative stress, GSH depletion, and exposure to toxic chemicals, with the Nrf2, AP-1, and NF-κB transcription factors regulating the inducible and constitutive expression of both subunits  In terms of enzyme functional regulation, GSH itself acts as a feedback inhibitor of GCL activity. Under normal physiologic substrate concentrations, the GCLC monomer alone may synthesize gamma-glutamylcysteine; however, the normal physiologic levels of GSH (estimated at around 5 mM) far exceeds the GSH K for GCLC, suggesting that only the GCL holoenzyme is functional under baseline conditions. However, during oxidative stress or toxic insults that can result in the depletion of cellular GSH or its oxidation to glutathione disulfide (GSSG), the function of any monomeric GCLC in the cell is likely to become quite important. In support of this hypothesis, mice lacking expression of the GCLM subunit due to genetic knockdown exhibit low levels of tissue GSH (~10-20% of the normal level), which is roughly the level of the GSH K for monomeric GCLC.

Structure.

Animal glutamate–cysteine ligase.

Animal glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) is a heterodimeric enzyme composed of two protein subunits that are coded by independent genes located on separate chromosomes:  In the majority of cells and tissues, the expression of GCLM protein is lower than GCLC and GCLM is therefore limiting in the formation of the holoenzyme complex. Thus, the sum total of cellular GCL activity is equal to the activity of the holoenzyme + the activity of the remaining monomeric GCLC. composed of a catalytic and a modulatory subunit. The catalytic subunit is necessary and sufficient for all GCL enzymatic activity, whereas the modulatory subunit increases the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme. Mice lacking the catalytic subunit (i.e., lacking all "de novo" GSH synthesis) die before birth. Mice lacking the modulatory subunit demonstrate no obvious phenotype, but exhibit marked decrease in GSH and increased sensitivity to toxic insults.

Plant glutamate cysteine ligase.

The plant glutamate cysteine ligase is a redox-sensitive homodimeric enzyme, conserved in the plant kingdom. In an oxidizing environment, intermolecular disulfide bridges are formed and the enzyme switches to the dimeric active state. The midpoint potential of the critical cysteine pair is -318 mV. In addition to the redox-dependent control, the plant GCL enzyme is feedback inhibited by glutathione. GCL is exclusively located in plastids, and glutathione synthetase (GS) is dual-targeted to plastids and cytosol, thus GSH and gamma-glutamylcysteine are exported from the plastids. Both glutathione biosynthesis enzymes are essential in plants; knock-outs of GCL and GS are lethal to embryo and seedling.  As of late 2007, 6 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes,,,,, and.

Glutamate Cysteine Ligase (GCL) (), previously known as gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), is the first enzyme of the cellular glutathione (GSH) biosynthetic pathway that catalyzes the chemical reaction:

Glutamatcysteinligasen (GCL) sind Enzyme aus der Gruppe der Ligasen. Diese Art der Ligase katalysieren die „Verknüpfung“ (Ligation) von Glutamat mit Cystein zu dem Dipeptid γ-Glutamylcystein. Das ist der erste Schritt bei der Bildung des Antioxidans Glutathion. Da dieser Reaktionsschritt in den meisten Lebewesen die Gesamtgeschwindigkeit der Glutathionsynthese bestimmt, können Mutationen in Genen, die den genetischen Bauplan für GCL enthalten, zu einem Glutathionmangel führen. Hierdurch kann bei Pflanzen und Tieren die Fähigkeit beeinträchtigt werden, giftige Stoffe und reaktive Sauerstoffspezies abzubauen. Bei völligem Ausfall der GCL sind die meisten höheren Organismen nicht lebensfähig.


History.

H. H. Scott sold some of the earliest FM stereo multiplex tuners and receivers, with some units sold as kits. The company's competition included brands like Fisher, Marantz, McIntosh, and Harman Kardon. The 1961 Model 350 was the first FM stereo multiplex tuner sold in the US. H. H. Scott was involved in early stereo multiplex testing with radio station WCRB in Boston, one of the first three U.S. FM stations to broadcast in multiplex stereo.  "Lacking the capital needed to continue operations, Scott terminated its production in October 1972. In November 1972, several of Scott's creditors filed a petition for involuntary bankruptcy under Chapter X of the Bankruptcy Act, and Scott filed a petition for reorganization under Chapter XI of the Bankruptcy Act. In the same month, Eastern Air Devices released its option to acquire the company. In January 1973, however, the Scott company was acquired by SYMA International, Brussels, Belgium, Scott's European licensee." "Production at Maynard was resumed in February 1973."  Per NYT obit, Hermon Scott retired in 1972. Per Audio Eng Society obit, Technical Director Daniel Von Reckinghausen was appointed staff consultant at Electro Audio Dynamics (formerly Eastern Air Devices) in 1973.  Between late 1975 and late 1976, the company's operations moved from Maynard to Woburn, Mass.  In 1985, the brand was purchased by Emerson Electronics.

E. H. Scott.

E.H. Scott Radio Laboratories is sometimes confused with H.H. Scott. E.H. Scott was founded in 1925 by Chicago resident Ernest H. Scott. The company was also known as Scott Radio Laboratories, and went through many changes of ownership until its eventual merge with John Meck in the 1950s. Known for its elaborate, high quality radio receivers, the company had no connection to H. H. Scott. In later years, HH Scott filed a lawsuit ending the use of the Scott Radio Laboratories name.

H. H. Scott, Inc. was a major manufacturer of hi-fi equipment in the U.S. It was founded in 1947 by Hermon Hosmer Scott in Cambridge, Massachusetts and moved to Maynard, Mass in 1957.

H. H. Scott (oder Audio Scott) war ein US-amerikanischer Hersteller von hochwertigen Hi-Fi-Geräten und gilt als Wegbereiter des Hi-Fi. Seit 1985 gehört die Firma zur "Emerson Radio Corp."


History.

The Confederate navy could never achieve numerical equality with the United States Navy, (then known as the Union Navy), with its near 70 years of traditions and experience, so it used technological innovation, such as ironclads, submarines, torpedo boats, and naval mines (then known as torpedoes) to attempt to gain advantage. In February 1861, the Confederate States Navy had 30 vessels, only 14 of which were seaworthy. The opposing Union Navy had 90 vessels. The C. S. Navy eventually grew to 101 ships to meet the rise in naval conflicts and threats to the coast and rivers of the Confederacy.  On April 20, 1861, the U.S. was forced to quickly abandon the important Gosport Navy Yard at Portsmouth, Virginia. In their haste, they failed to effectively burn the facility with its large depots of arms, other supplies, and several small vessels. As a result, the Confederacy captured much-needed war materials, including heavy cannon, gunpowder, shot, and shell. Of most importance to the Confederacy was the shipyards dry docks, hardly damaged by the departing Union forces. The Confederacys only substantial navy yard at that time was in Pensacola, Florida, so the Gosport Yard was sorely needed to build new warships. The most significant warship left at the Yard was the screw frigate USS "Merrimack".  The U.S. Navy had torched "Merrimack"s superstructure and upper deck, then scuttled the vessel; it would have been immediately useful as a warship to their enemy. Little of the ship's structure remained other than the hull, which was holed by the scuttling charge but otherwise intact. Confederate Navy Secretary Stephen Mallory had the idea to raise "Merrimack" and rebuild it. When the hull was raised, it had not been submerged long enough to have been rendered unusable; the steam engines and essential machinery were salvageable. The decks were rebuilt using thick oak and pine planking, and the upper deck was overlaid with two courses of heavy iron plate. The newly rebuilt superstructure was unusual: above the waterline, the sides sloped inward and were covered with two layers of heavy iron-plate armor.  The vessel was a new kind of warship, an all-steam powered "iron-clad". In the centuries-old tradition of reusing captured ships, the new ship was christened CSS "Virginia". She later fought the Unions new ironclad USS "Monitor". On the second day of the Battle of Hampton Roads, the two ships met and each scored numerous hits on the other. On the first day of that battle "Virginia", and the James River Squadron, aggressively attacked and nearly broke the Union Navys sea blockade of wooden warships, proving the effectiveness of the ironclad concept. The two ironclads had steamed forward, tried to outflank or ram the other, circled, backed away, and came forward firing again and again, but neither was able to sink or demand surrender of its opponent. After four hours both ships were taking in water through split seams and breaches by enemy shot. The engines of both were becoming dangerously overtaxed, and their crews were near exhaustion. The two ships turned and steamed away, never to meet again. This part in the Battle of Hampton Roads between "Monitor" and "Virginia" greatly overshadowed the bloody events each side's ground troops were fighting, largely because it was the first battle in history between two iron-armored steam-powered warships.  The last Confederate surrender took place in Liverpool, United Kingdom on November 6, 1865 aboard the commerce raider CSS "Shenandoah" when her flag (battle ensign) was lowered for the final time. This surrender brought about the end of the Confederate navy. The "Shenandoah" had circumnavigated the globe, the only Confederate ship to do so.

Creation.

The act of the Confederate Congress that created the Confederate Navy on February 21, 1861 also appointed Stephen Mallory as Secretary of the Department of the Navy. Mallory was experienced as an admiralty lawyer and had served for a time as the chairman of the Naval Affairs Committee of the United States Senate. The Confederacy had a few scattered naval assets and looked to Liverpool, England, to buy naval cruisers to attack the American merchant fleet. In April 1861, Mallory recruited former U.S. Navy Lieutenant James Dunwoody Bulloch into the Confederate navy and sent him to Liverpool. Using Charleston-based importer and exporter Fraser Trentholm, who had offices in Liverpool, Commander Bulloch immediately ordered six steam vessels.  As Mallory began aggressively building up a formidable naval force, a Confederate Congress committee on August 27, 1862, reported:  In addition to the ships included in the report of the committee, the C.S. Navy also had one ironclad floating battery, presented to the Confederacy by the state of Georgia, one ironclad ram donated by the state of Alabama, and numerous commerce raiders making war on Union merchant ships. When Virginia seceded the Virginia Navy was absorbed into the Confederate Navy.

Ensigns, jacks, and other naval flags.

The practice of using primary and secondary naval flags after the British tradition was common practice for the Confederacy; the fledgling Confederate navy therefore adopted detailed flag requirements and regulations in the use of battle ensigns, naval jacks, as well as small boat ensigns, commissioning pennants, designating flags, and signal flags aboard its warships. Changes to these regulations were made during 1863, when a new naval jack, battle ensign, and commissioning pennant design was introduced aboard all Confederate ships, echoing the Confederacys change of its national flag from the old "Stars and Bars" to the new "Stainless Banner". Despite the detailed naval regulations issued, minor variations in the flags were frequently seen, due to different manufacturing techniques employed, suppliers used, and the flag-making traditions of each C.S. state.

Privateers.

On April 17, 1861, Confederate President Jefferson Davis invited applications for letters of marque and reprisal to be granted under the seal of the Confederate States, against ships and property of the United States and their citizens:  President Davis was not confident of his executive authority to issue letters of marque and called a special session of Congress on April 29 to formally authorize the hiring of privateers in the name of the Confederate States. On 6 May the Confederate Congress passed "An act recognizing the existence of war between the United States and the Confederate States, and concerning letters of marque, prizes, and prize goods." Then, on May 14, 1861, "An act regulating the sale of prizes and the distribution thereof," was also passed. Both acts granted the president power to issue letters of marque and detailed regulations as to the conditions on which letters of marque should be granted to private vessels, the conduct and behavior of the officers and crews of such vessels, and the disposal of such prizes made by privateer crews. The manner in which Confederate privateers operated was generally similar to those of privateers of the United States or of European nations.  The 1856 Declaration of Paris outlawed privateering for such nations as the United Kingdom and France, but the United States had neither signed nor endorsed the declaration. Therefore, privateering was constitutionally legal in both the United States and the Confederacy, as well as Portugal, Russia, the Ottoman Empire, and Germany. However, the United States did not acknowledge the Confederacy as an independent country and denied the legitimacy of any letters of marque issued by its government. U.S. President Abraham Lincoln declared all medicines to the Confederacy to be contraband and any captured Confederate privateers were to be hanged as pirates. Ultimately, no one was hanged for privateering because the Confederate government threatened to retaliate against U.S. prisoners of war.  Initially, Confederate privateers operated primarily from New Orleans, but activity was soon concentrated in the Atlantic, as the Union Navy began expanding its operations. Confederate privateers harassed Union merchant ships and sank several warships, although they were unable to relieve the blockade on Southern ports and its dire effects on the Confederate economy.

Ships.

One of the more well-known ships was the CSS "Virginia", formerly the sloop-of-war USS "Merrimack" (1855). In 1862, after being converted to an ironclad ram, she fought the USS "Monitor" in the Battle of Hampton Roads, an event that came to symbolize the end of the dominance of large wooden sailing warships and the beginning of the age of steam and the ironclad warship.  The Confederates also constructed submarines, among the few that existed after the early "Turtle" of the American Revolutionary War. Of those the "Pioneer" and the Bayou St. John submarine never saw action. However, "Hunley", built in Mobile as a privateer by Horace Hunley, later came under the control of the Confederate Army at Charleston, SC, but was manned partly by a C. S. Navy crew; she became the first submarine to sink a ship in a wartime engagement. The Hunley sank, being too close to the blast wave caused by her spar torpedo during its successful attack on the sloop-of-war. The sinking of the Housatonic became the first successful submarine attack in history.  Confederate Navy commerce raiders were also used with great success to disrupt U.S. merchant shipping. The most famous of them was the screw sloop-of-war CSS "Alabama", a warship secretly built for the Confederacy in Birkenhead, near Liverpool, United Kingdom. She was launched as "Enrica" but was commissioned as CSS "Alabama" just off the Azores by her captain, Raphael Semmes. She began her world-famous raiding career under his command, accounting for 65 U.S. ships, a record that still remains unbeaten by any ship in naval warfare. CSS "Alabama" s crew was mostly from Liverpool, and the cruiser never once dropped anchor in a Confederate port, though she sank a blockading Union gunboat off the coast of Texas. A similar raider, CSS "Shenandoah", fired the last shot of the American Civil War in late June 1865; she did not strike her colors and surrender until early November 1865, in Liverpool, England five months after the conflict had ended. See also: CSS "Sumter"—First Confederate ship to put to sea.

Organization.

"See article: Uniforms of the Confederate States military forces#Confederate States Navy uniforms"  Between the beginning of the war and the end of 1861, 373 commissioned officers, warrant officers, and midshipmen had resigned or been dismissed from the United States Navy and had gone on to serve the Confederacy. The Provisional Congress meeting in Montgomery accepted these men into the Confederate Navy at their old rank. In order to accommodate them they initially provided for an officer corps to consist of four captains, four commanders, 30 lieutenants, and various other non-line officers. On 21 April 1862, the First Congress expanded this to four admirals, ten captains, 31 commanders, 100 first lieutenants, 25 second lieutenants, and 20 masters in line of promotion; additionally, there were to be 12 paymasters, 40 assistant paymasters, 22 surgeons, 15 passed assistant surgeons, 30 assistant surgeons, one engineer-in-chief, and 12 engineers. The act also provided for promotion on merit: "All the Admirals, four of the Captains, five of the Commanders, twenty-two of the First Lieutenants, and five of the Second Lieutenants, shall be appointed solely for gallant or meritorious conduct during the war."  By 1862 regulations specified the uniforms and rank insignia for officers. Non-commissioned officers wore a variety of uniforms, or even regular clothing. Additionally a Confederate States Naval Academy was established on a steamer near Richmond, Virginia.

Administration.

The Department of the Navy was responsible for the administration of the affairs of the Confederate Navy and Confederate Marine Corps. It included various offices, bureaus, and naval agents in Europe.  By July 20, 1861, the Confederate government had organized the administrative positions of the Confederate navy as follows:

The Navy of the Confederate States (CSN) was the naval branch of the Confederate States Armed Forces, established by an act of the Confederate States Congress on February 21, 1861. It was responsible for Confederate naval operations during the American Civil War (1861–1865), fighting against the Union Navy / United States Navy.

Die Confederate States Navy war die Marine der Konföderierten Staaten von Amerika und bestand während des Sezessionskrieges. Sie hatte drei Aufgaben:


Biography.

Tania Cagnotto was born in Bolzano, the daughter of Giorgio Cagnotto and Carmen Casteiner. Her parents were both Olympic divers, with her father winning four Olympic medals in the 1970s and 1980s.  Cagnotto was sponsored by the sport section of the Italian police force, GN Fiamme Gialle – Bolzano Nuoto.  Cagnotto won her first European gold medal at the 2004 championships in Madrid at the age of 19, winning the 10-meter platform event and also receiving a bronze medal for her performance in the 3-meter springboard competition. After a disappointing performance in the 10-meter platform final round at the Montreal 2005 World Championships, she won the bronze medal in the 3-meter springboard event. Cagnotto won a third consecutive bronze medal in the 3-meter springboard at the Rome 2009 World Championships, after a 4th place in the 1-meter springboard event. Together with Francesca Dallapè, she also won a silver medal in the 3-meter springboard synchronized event.  Cagnotto competed in the 2013 World Championships in Barcelona, getting the silver medal in 1m springboard only 0.1 marks behind champion He Zi. She won the gold medal in the 1-meter springboard at the 2015 FINA World Championship held in Kazan; she was the first Italian female diver to win a World Championship in diving. In the same event, Cagnotto also won the bronze medal in the 3-meter springboard.  Cagnotto announced that the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, her fifth Olympic games, were to be her last competitive events. After narrowly missing medals in London, she finally won a silver in the 3m synchro (with her partner Francesca Dallapé) and bronze in the women's 3m.  Cagnotto competed in Torino in 12-14 May 2017 in 1m springboard as her last competition before retirement. She stated that she would coach diving after her ending her competitive career.

Personal life.

Cagnotto is married to Stefano Parolin. She gave birth in Bolzano to their first child, daughter Maya, on 23 Jan 2018.

Tania Cagnotto (; born 15 May 1985) is an Italian diver. She is the first Italian female diver to win a medal in a World Championship. A five-time Olympian, she won medals in both individual and synchronized springboard diving in her final appearance at the Olympics in 2016. She is also a 20-time champion at the European level.

Das Museum in Grenoble ist das "Museum für die Schönen Künste, Moderne Kunst und Ägyptologie" in der Stadt Grenoble, Isère, in Frankreich.


Route details.

Highway 37 starts its 874 km (543 mi) journey in the south at Kitimat. 59 km (37 mi) north, Highway 37 reaches Terrace, where it merges onto the Yellowhead Highway. The Yellowhead coincides with Highway 37 east for 91 km (57 mi) to Kitwanga Junction, where the Yellowhead diverges east.  North of the Yellowhead's Kitwanga junction, Highway 37 travels 76 km (47 mi) to Cranberry Junction, and then another 80 km (50 mi) north to Meziadin Junction, where Highway 37A begins and heads west via Bear River Pass to Stewart and Hyder, Alaska. Highway 37 travels north through the Skeena Mountains for 333 km (207 mi) to the Continental Divide communities of Eddontenajon, Iskut and Dease Lake, which straddles the Stikine and Dease River basins. Another 116 km (72 mi) north and Highway 37 reaches Jade City, where a junction to the former asbestos-mining community of Cassiar is located. North of Jade City, Highway 37 travels another 120 km (75 mi) to its crossing of the 60th parallel into the Yukon Territory, becoming Yukon Highway 37 and terminating at a junction with the Alaska Highway near Upper Liard just 3.4 km (2.1 mi) later. According to the British Columbia Ministry of Transportation, "Most of the route is hard surface (either pavement or sealcoat) with approximately of gravel."

History.

The Highway 37 of today is the result of highway extension projects begun during the 1960s and climaxing in 1972.  Originally, a roadway extended south from the Alaska Highway to serve the Cassiar mining district, eventually reaching Dease Lake and joining a road to Telegraph Creek (sometimes referred to as Highway 51, but not signed as such). To the south, logging roads extended north almost as far as Meziadin Junction.  By 1968, the route of what is now 37A extended past Meziadin Junction north. By the middle of 1972, only a few miles remained to be built between Meziadin Junction and Iskut. Four bicyclists, whose journey from Alaska to Montana was chronicled in a May 1973 National Geographic article, braved the muddy gap.  Once this route was completed, travelers only had to contend with limited hours for using the logging roads south of Meziadin Junction, roads which were upgraded during the 1970s. The completion of a new bridge over the Skeena River gave Highway 37 a more direct connection to Highway 16.  The Highway 37 corridor is slated for infrastructure enhancements as resource extraction activities increase in the Northwest region of British Columbia. The Northwest Transmission Line was constructed by BC Hydro and runs from Terrace, British Columbia to Bob Quinn Lake, largely paralleling the highway.

Major intersections.

From south to north:

The Stewart–Cassiar Highway, also known as the Dease Lake Highway and the Stikine Highway as well as the Terrace–Kitimat Highway from Kitimat to Terrace, is the northwesternmost highway in the Canadian province of British Columbia. A scenic route through some of the province's most isolated areas, the highway first gained designation as British Columbia Highway 37 in 1975. At that time, its southern terminus was at the community of New Hazelton on the BC Highway 16 (the Yellowhead Highway). In 1979, with the completion of a new bridge, the highway's Yellowhead junction was relocated to a point on Highway 16 just south of the site of Kitwanga. Highway 37 was then extended south to Kitimat in 1986, using a stretch of road that was previously designated Highway 25. At the north end, the highway briefly stretches into Yukon, becoming Yukon Highway 37.

Der British Columbia Highway 37 ist eine 873 km lange Straßenverbindung im Hinterland der Coast Mountains von British Columbia und stellt die Verbindung zwischen dem Yellowhead Highway sowie dem Alaska Highway her. Der nördliche Abschnitt zwischen Kitwanga und der Einmündung in den Alaska Highway wird auch als "Cassiar Highway" oder "Stewart-Cassiar Highway" bezeichnet.


Plot.

Bhola (Sunil Dutt), an innocent young man lives with his maternal uncle (Mama) Kunwar Pratap Singh (Om Prakash). Bhola is enraged at Pratap Singh who has been searching for a girl to marry despite his wife being alive. Angry, he leaves his uncle's house and moves in to live with his Aunt (Pratap's wife). There, he finds a beautiful neighbour Bindu (Saira Banu) and falls in love with her. Bindu however, gets annoyed by Bhola and refutes his advances. Vidyapati (Kishore Kumar), who is a singer and theater actor and Bhola's friend and mentor comes to his rescue and spies on Bindu.  Bindu tolerates advances of her South Indian music teacher Master Pillai / Masterji. Vidyapathi realizes that Bindu loves music and that is the reason for her closeness with Master Pillai. He tries to teach Bhola to sing but fails miserably. Inspired by dubbed songs, he devises an idea and asks Bhola to mimic the lyrics to songs while he does the real singing in the background himself. Their plan to impress Bindu succeeds and Bindu slowly starts falling for Bhola, much to the chagrin of Pillai.  When singing at Bindu's birthday party, one of her friends becomes suspicious at Bhola's voice. She leads Bindu to discover Bhola's fake act. It makes Bindu angry and in a fit of rage, she agrees to the marriage proposal of Kunwar Pratap Singh, which she had earlier rejected upon knowing that he is Bhola's Maternal Uncle. Vidyapathi and his gang visit Pratap Singh and plead him to reject the proposal for his nephew's love, to which Pratap Singh agrees. This further enrages Bindu who decides to marry Pillai, just to get even with Bhola.  Helpless to stop the wedding, Vidyapathi comes up a last-ditch plan to fake Bhola's suicide. They arrange a suicide scene and start shouting and mourning Bhola's "death". Everyone arrives at the scene including Bindu who is deeply shocked and tries to wake him up. Vidyapathi tells her that only her unrequited love could have a chance of bringing the dead back and encourages her to try harder. After some more pretending, Bhola finally cries and wakes up, embracing Bindu. Everyone including Master Pillai is happy and shocked to see the power of true love. In the end, Bhola's Maternal Uncle and Aunt also reconcile and bless the newlywed couple. In the last scene of movie, Master Pillai is shown playing 'Shehnai' with tears in his eyes.

Music.

The music of the film was composed by R.D. Burman. The lyrics were written by Rajendra Krishan.  Kishore Kumar's character in the film was inspired by the personality of his uncle, Dhananjay Banerjee (a classical singer), and music director Khemchand Prakash. The song Ek Chatur Naar was originally sung in the movie Jhoola by Ashok Kumar.

Padosan () is a 1968 Indian Hindi-language comedy film directed by Jyoti Swaroop and produced by Mehmood, N. C. Sippy and written by Rajendra Krishan. It is a remake of the Bengali-language film "Pasher Bari" (1952) based on a same name short story starring Bhanu Bandyopadhyay and Sabitri Chatterjee. The film stars Sunil Dutt and Saira Banu. Kishore Kumar, Mukri, Raj Kishore and Keshto Mukherjee played the supporting roles. Mehmood as the South Indian musician and rival to Sunil Dutt is among the highlights of the film. It was considered as one of the best comedy films made in Hindi film history. Kishore Kumar's character of a comical theater director was also well received. "Indiatimes Movies" ranked the film amongst the "Top 25 Must See Bollywood Films". Music was composed by R.D. Burman and was a huge success. Kishore Kumar sang for himself while Manna Dey sang for Mehmood. Many of the scenes were shot in Brindavan Gardens located near the city of Mysore.

Padosan (Hindi: पड़ोसन, Urdu: پڑوسن) ist eine indische Filmkomödie von Jyoti Swaroop aus dem Jahr 1968. Sie ist eine Verfilmung der Geschichte "Pasher Bari" von Arun Choudhury.


Early life.

Rafael was born in Petrópolis, approximately one hour's drive away from Rio de Janeiro in Rio de Janeiro state, and began playing football from the age of five. He began his career with amateur side Boa Esperança, playing as a striker. He and his identical twin, Fábio, were then spotted by a representative of Fluminense playing five-a-side in their neighbourhood; he invited them to join the club and they began living there when they were 11 years old.

Club career.

Fluminense.

Upon joining Fluminense, Rafael was converted to play at full-back by the youth team coach. The club then took part in the 2005 Nike Premier Cup in Hong Kong, where Rafael was spotted by Manchester United scout Les Kershaw, who remarked that the twins reminded him of "two little whippets". Kershaw then telephoned Manchester United manager Sir Alex Ferguson and recommended that the club sign the Silva twins. Manchester United got in touch with Fluminense and asked permission for the twins to travel to Manchester to train with them in 2005. Shortly afterwards, a scout claiming to represent Arsenal visited the twins and asked them to come to England to train with Arsenal without the permission of Fluminense; however, they were dissuaded from this by their mother, who reminded them that they had been with Fluminense since they were 11, and that they should show the club some loyalty. Therefore, they decided to sign for Manchester United over Arsenal, and the two clubs agreed a deal in February 2007; the twins moved to Manchester in January 2008 without ever having played for the Fluminense first team.

Manchester United.

2008–09 season.

The twins decided to sign for Manchester United, and a deal was agreed between the two clubs in February 2007. The twins moved to Manchester in January 2008, but were unable to play in matches until they turned 18 in July 2008. Rafael made his first appearance for the club in a 2–0 friendly win over Peterborough United on 4 August. Rafael was then registered in the club's senior squad for the 2008–09 season and was assigned the number 21 shirt. Rafael made his competitive debut for Manchester United on the opening day of the 2008–09 Premier League season, replacing Fraizer Campbell in their 1–1 home draw against Newcastle United on 17 August.  Rafael's first start for Manchester United came on 23 September in their 3–1 home victory over Middlesbrough in the Third Round of the League Cup. Rafael made first start in European competition in United's 3–0 away win over Aalborg BK in the UEFA Champions League on 30 September. Rafael made his first Premier League start in Manchester United's 4–0 home win over West Bromwich Albion on 18 October. On 8 November, Rafael scored his first goal for Manchester United, netting a 90th minute consolation goal in a 2–1 defeat to Arsenal at the Emirates Stadium. On 19 April 2009, in the FA Cup semi-final against Everton, Rafael and his twin brother Fábio started a match together for Manchester United for the first time. United, however, lost the match 4–2 on penalties. At the end of Rafael's first professional season, he and his Manchester United teammate Jonny Evans were shortlisted as nominees for the PFA Young Player of the Year award. The two of them, however, were beaten to the award by Aston Villa's Ashley Young. In recognition of his successful first season in English football, Rafael was handed a two-year extension to his Manchester United contract, tying him to the club until 2013.

2009–10 season.

On 27 October 2009, Fábio, Rafael's twin brother, was booked for a foul committed by Rafael in United's 2–0 League Cup victory over Barnsley. Manchester United appealed and The FA agreed it was a case of mistaken identity, transferring the card over to Rafael. On 30 December, Rafael scored the second goal of his Manchester United career and the first at Old Trafford in a 5–0 league win over Wigan Athletic. On 7 April 2010, Rafael was sent off for the first time in his United career, receiving two yellow cards either side of half-time against Bayern Munich in the second leg of the Champions League quarter-final tie. Despite United winning the game, they were eliminated from the competition due to the away goals rule when the aggregate score was 4–4. Despite this red card, Sir Alex Ferguson praised Rafael for his performance and stated that "he absolutely dominated Franck Ribéry".

2010–11 season.

On 16 January 2011, Rafael was sent off for a second occasion, collecting two bookings in a 0–0 league draw against Tottenham Hotspur at White Hart Lane. Rafael received an £8,000 fine and a warning about his future conduct by The FA following his red card. Rafael suffered a concussion in United's 3–2 away victory over Blackpool on 25 January, the match following his one-game ban, and was taken to hospital for X-rays before later being released. Rafael collided with Blackpool's Marlon Harewood during the second half, which resulted in ten minutes of stoppage time, and forced Rafael out of United's FA Cup tie away to Southampton on 29 January.

2011–12 season.

Rafael made his first competitive start of the season since the Community Shield victory back in August against Crystal Palace in the League Cup on 20 November 2011, a game which United lost 2–1 in extra time. On 31 December, Rafael started his first league game of the season against Blackburn Rovers, playing in an unusual defensive midfield role with Park Ji-sung before moving to right-back for the second half. He was later replaced by Will Keane in the 85th minute.

2012–13 season.

On 2 July 2012, Rafael signed a new four-year contract to keep him at the club until 2016. For the 2012–13 season, he was given the number 2 shirt, previously worn by Gary Neville, who retired in 2011. After missing the opening game of the season, he returned to play against Fulham on 25 August 2012, and scored United's third goal (and his third for the club) in a 3–2 win. On 23 September 2012, Rafael scored the equalising goal in a 1–2 United win at Anfield over Liverpool. After receiving a layoff from Shinji Kagawa, he cut inside onto his left foot and curled a shot past Pepe Reina and into the top corner. On 23 October 2012, Rafael made his 100th appearance for United in a 3–2 win over Portuguese side Braga. On 23 February 2013, Rafael scored United's first goal in a 2–0 league win away to Queens Park Rangers, hitting the ball on the half-volley from 25 yards out, through a crowd of players and into the top corner of the goal. On 5 May, Rafael was sent off against Chelsea for a challenge on David Luiz.

2014–15 season.

On 27 September 2014, Rafael was named man of the match for his performance in the 2–1 victory over West Ham United.

Lyon.

On 3 August 2015, Rafael joined French club Lyon on a four-year contract for an undisclosed fee.

International career.

Rafael played for Brazil's national under-17 team at the 2007 FIFA U-17 World Cup in South Korea. He was approached by Portugal national team head coach Carlos Queiroz and asked to play for Portugal's senior side, as both Rafael and Fábio hold Portuguese citizenship. Rafael indicated a willingness to take Queiroz up on his offer if he did not end up playing for Brazil, while Fábio remained set on playing for Brazil. On 26 July 2010, Rafael was called up to the Brazilian senior team for the first time, as he was included in new coach Mano Menezes' first squad for their friendly against the United States on 10 August.  Rafael was originally left out of the Brazil squad for their friendlies in May and June 2012, but was later called up to replace the injured Dani Alves. Porto right back Danilo was selected ahead of Rafael for the game against Denmark on 26 May, but he did eventually come on as a substitute to make his senior international debut. On 26 July 2012, Rafael scored Brazil under-23's first goal at the 2012 Olympics in a 3–2 victory over Egypt. In December 2013, "The Times" reported that he had considered representing England at international level, however he decided against it. He was not eligible for England as he had earlier represented Brazil in 2007 at U17 level in a FIFA-recognised "official competition", meaning that the only national teams he could choose between would be Brazil and Portugal, the nations he was eligible to represent at the time he played in the 2007 South American Under-17 Football Championship.

Style of play.

Along with his brother Fábio, Rafael has been praised for his energetic style, and has been described as an "excellent footballer" by Sir Alex Ferguson. Les Kershaw, the former Manchester United academy manager who spotted them, described the pair as being like "two little whippets", praising how "when they got knocked down, they just got straight back up again and got on with it. They were like bouncing balls... very, very quick". "The Times" has called them "Brazil's answer to the Neville brothers (Gary and Phil Neville)".

Honours.

Manchester United  Brazil Youth

Personal life.

Rafael's twin brother Fábio is also a professional footballer; both twins signed for Manchester United at the same time in 2008. The twins' elder brother, Luiz Henrique Pereira da Silva, used to play for América-MG in Brazil and Brescia in Italy, but moved with his wife to England when the twins signed for Manchester United. After a six-week wait for international clearance, Luiz Henrique signed for Radcliffe Borough, but he and his wife returned to Brazil in early 2009 in preparation for the birth of their child, where he returned to England few months later. Despite starting their careers at Fluminense, both Fábio and Rafael are actually supporters of their local rivals Botafogo.  Rafael is married to Carla. On 4 January 2012, the couple had their first child, a girl named Eduarda.

Rafael Pereira da Silva (; born 9 July 1990), commonly known as Rafael or Rafael da Silva, is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Ligue 1 club Lyon. He normally plays as a right-back, but can also play on the right side of midfield. He and his twin brother, Fábio, began their careers with Fluminense before joining Manchester United in January 2007. After eight years in England, Rafael joined Lyon in August 2015 for a fee of up to £2.5 million.

Rafael Pereira da Silva, genannt Rafael (* 9. Juli 1990 in Petrópolis) ist ein brasilianischer Fußballspieler, der zurzeit bei Olympique Lyon unter Vertrag steht. Rafael, der in seiner Jugend beim brasilianischen Klub Fluminense Rio de Janeiro spielte, wird hauptsächlich als Rechter Verteidiger eingesetzt, ist jedoch auch im rechten Mittelfeld einsetzbar. Rafael ist zudem der Zwillingsbruder von Fábio da Silva, der bei FC Nantes unter Vertrag steht. Neben der brasilianischen besitzen beide auch die portugiesische Staatsbürgerschaft.


Construction.

"Santa Fe" was laid down on 7 June 1941 by New York Shipbuilding Co. of Camden, New Jersey, launched on 10 June 1942, sponsored by Miss Caroline T. Chavez, and commissioned on 24 November 1942, Captain Russell S. Berkey in command.

Service history.

1943.

After shakedown on the east coast, "Santa Fe" sailed for the Pacific, arriving at Pearl Harbor on 22 March 1943 transiting to the Aleutians. On 25 April, six days after reaching Alaska, she bombarded Attu. The next four months were occupied primarily by patrols off the Aleutians to prevent Japanese naval operations there. This duty was varied by bombardments of Kiska on 6 July and 22 July to prepare for the invasion of that island and by gunfire support for the landings there on 15 August. "Santa Fe" departed the Aleutians on 25 August and arrived at Pearl Harbor on 1 September.  The rest of the cruiser's war service was spent in Cruiser Division 13 (CruDiv 13) with the fast carrier task forces, which spearheaded the Allied advance across the Pacific. She first escorted two carrier raids from Pearl Harbor; one against Tarawa on 18–19 September and one against Wake Island on 5–6 October. On the latter attack, the cruisers shelled Wake, silencing return fire from shore.  "Santa Fe" departed Pearl Harbor with a carrier force on 21 October, but was detached from her division to cover transports carrying reinforcement to Bougainville. She arrived on 7 November; and, for the next two days, fought off heavy enemy air attacks. After a brief period in port, she sailed from Espiritu Santo on 14 November, escorting the transport force to the Gilbert Islands and from 20–22 November, bombarded enemy positions on Tarawa to support the landings. On 26 November, she rejoined the fast carriers and escorted three of the mighty flattops for strikes on Kwajalein on 4 December before returning to Pearl Harbor five days later.

1944.

Late in the year, the busy cruiser returned to the United States to devote the first weeks of 1944 to amphibious training off San Pedro, California. She sortied on 13 January with the task force which would invade the Marshall Islands. The cruisers moved ahead of the main body on 29 January to neutralize Wotje in advance of the landings. After a morning of bombardment on 30 January, "Santa Fe" rejoined the main force off Kwajalein and, on 31 January – 1 February, provided gunfire support as American troops fought for that key island. She arrived at Majuro on 7 February.  Five days later, she sailed with a fast carrier force which struck the great enemy base at Truk on 16–17 February and hit Saipan on 22 February. She then proceeded via Majuro to Espiritu Santo. She got underway again on 15 March, escorting and as those aircraft carriers supported landings on Emirau Island on 20 March and struck Palau, Yap, and Woleai on 30 March – 1 April. On 13 April, she sortied with a task group built around the aircraft carrier, to support the landings at Hollandia (currently known as Jayapura), New Guinea. Air strikes hit the Wakde and Sawar Airfields on 21 April, and the surface ships bombarded the same islands the next day to neutralize them during the Hollandia landings. Released from their covering duties on 28 April, the carriers raided Truk, Satawan, and Ponape from 29 April to 1 May before returning to Kwajalein on 4 May.  "Santa Fe" sortied from the Marshalls with a group centered around the aircraft carrier, and guarded her consorts during intense air strikes on Saipan, Tinian, and Guam from 11–16 June in support of landings on Saipan. But the Japanese fleet raced into the area to make a major effort to save the Marianas. On the morning of 19 June, swarms of Japanese carrier aircraft attacked the American 5th Fleet. "Santa Fe"s guns contributed to the flak cover which protected the US carriers while American naval aviators destroyed Japan's naval air arm. Through the night and into the following day, the 5th Fleet pursued the retiring enemy warships, located them at mid-afternoon, and launched planes for a successful attack. That night, "Santa Fe", ignoring possible Japanese submarines, turned on her lights to help guide the American planes back to their carriers. After strikes on Pagan Island on 24 June, "Santa Fe"s group entered Eniwetok for replenishment on the 27th.  Three days later, the cruiser rejoined "Hornet"s group; and, after morning air strikes, carried out a surface bombardment of Iwo Jima on 4 July. From 6–21 July, the carrier group alternated strikes between Guam and Rota to prevent enemy use of airfields there; and, from the 25–28 July, while striking Yap and Ulithi, the naval aircraft obtained invaluable photographic intelligence. After six hours at anchor off Saipan on 2 August, the force struck again at Iwo Jima on 4 and 5 August. On 4 August, the cruisers engaged a small Japanese convoy, sinking several vessels including the escort ; and, on 5 August, they bombarded Iwo Jima. The carrier group returned to Eniwetok on 11 August.  From 30 August 1944 to 26 January 1945, "Santa Fe" operated in carrier groups centered about. Their first mission was a strike on Peleliu in the Palaus from 6–8 September and Mindanao in the Philippines on 9–10 September. On 9 September, the cruisers engaged a second Japanese convoy, sinking a number of small vessels. Further air strikes in the Visayan Sea came between 12 and 14 September, and targets in the Philippines received attention from 21–24 September before the task force retired to Kossol Passage in the Palaus on 27 September.  A new series of strikes to neutralize Japanese air power during the invasion of the Philippines started with attacks on Okinawa and Formosa from 10–13 October. That evening, Friday 13 October, after and had been damaged by torpedoes, "Santa Fe",, and were detached to help tow the damaged cruisers out of danger. On 16 October, a single engine torpedo plane slipped through in an attempt to hit "Santa Fe", dropping its torpedo into the wake, where it exploded. Under fire from "Santa Fe" and damaged, the plane turned in an attempt to hit the bow of "Santa Fe". The plane hit the water off the starboard bow, showering flaming gasoline and plane parts on the 20 mm guns. Five Marines, one sailor and two "Houston" survivors were burned. On 17 October, "Santa Fe" rejoined the carriers for direct support to the Leyte landings.  The "Essex" group launched strikes on Visayan airfields on 21 October; refueled the next day; and, on 23–24 October, carried out searches for Japanese naval forces reported approaching the Philippines. On 24 October, a heavy Japanese air attack was repulsed; but a single, undetected Japanese plane followed the American planes back to their carriers and put a bomb into the aircraft carrier, which later had to be sunk. Later in the afternoon, a Japanese carrier force was located to the north of Luzon, and the American carriers raced north to intercept. Early on 25 October, six battleships and seven cruisers, including "Santa Fe", were sent ahead of the carriers to be ready for a gun action; and, at daybreak, the carriers began launching strikes. Late in the morning, one carrier group, with most of the battleships and cruisers, was rushed back south to intercept the Japanese Center Force, which had swept through San Bernardino Strait. But the remaining four cruisers, under the Commander of CruDiv 13 in "Santa Fe", continued north and in mid-afternoon opened fire on damaged Japanese ships, sinking the carrier, and destroyer in the Battle off Cape Engaño, before retiring that night. "Santa Fe" rejoined the carriers for the next day and arrived at Ulithi on 30 October after strikes on Japanese stragglers in the Visayan Sea on 27 October.  The "Essex" group, with "Santa Fe", started for Manus for upkeep on 1 November, but was diverted to the Philippines because of a report that Japanese surface units were approaching Leyte. Although the rumor proved false, the carrier planes were nevertheless needed to cope with heavy enemy air attacks on the troops and shipping around Leyte. Friendly airfields were not yet fully ready. "Santa Fe"s group struck at Manila on 5–6 November and experienced its first "kamikaze" attack on 5 November. After additional strikes on the Philippines from 11–14 November, the cruisers arrived at Ulithi on 17 November. Three days later, while the cruiser was replenishing in the lagoon, Japanese midget submarines got into the anchorage and torpedoed. "Santa Fe"s floatplanes rescued some of the tanker's survivors.  The "Essex" group, with "Santa Fe", got underway again on 22 November, carried out strikes on the Philippines on 25 November, and remained on station until 1 December. After another stop at Ulithi, the carrier group was again at sea supporting the Mindoro landings when Typhoon Cobra sank three destroyers on 18–19 December. After searching for survivors, the ships returned to Ulithi on 24 December.

1945.

Back at sea on 30 December 1944, the "Essex" force struck Formosa and Okinawa on 3–4 January 1945, Luzon on 6–7 January, and Formosa again on 9 January, to neutralize Japanese air fields during landings on Luzon from Lingayen Gulf. The ships then entered the South China Sea, raided shipping along the Indochina coast on 12 January, and along the China coast on 15–16 January. Leaving the South China Sea on 20 January, the carriers struck Formosa on 21 January and Okinawa on 22 January before returning to Ulithi on 26 January.  "Santa Fe" sailed with and other units on 10 February; and, on 16–17 February, her group launched strikes on air fields around Tokyo to destroy aircraft that might interfere with landings on Iwo Jima. "Santa Fe" was detached from the carriers on 18 February, and bombarded Iwo Jima between 19 and 21 February, silencing Japanese gun batteries on Mt. Suribachi and firing illumination missions at night. She rejoined the carriers for another raid on Tokyo on 25 February and then retired to Ulithi on 1 March.  On 14 March, the cruiser joined the group, which launched strikes on Kyūshū on 18 March and on Japanese fleet units at Kure and Kobe on 19 March. Just as the first strikes were being launched on 19 March, a single Japanese plane dropped two bombs into a cluster of planes on s deck, setting off immense explosions and fires. "Santa Fe" maneuvered alongside the carrier, and despite a hail of exploding ammunition, rescued survivors and fought fires. After the cruiser had been alongside for nearly three hours, 833 survivors had been rescued, the major fires were under control, and cruiser was ready to tow the carrier. "Santa Fe" escorted the carrier to Ulithi; and, needing repairs herself, left Ulithi on 27 March for a trip back to the United States, escorting "Franklin" as far as Pearl Harbor. She received a Navy Unit Commendation for her part in the salvage of "Franklin", her commander Captain Harold C. Fitz was awarded the Navy Cross and three of her sailors were awarded Silver Stars for risking their own lives to rescue "Franklin" crewmen from the water.  Overhaul at San Pedro lasted from 10 April to 14 July. The cruiser returned to Pearl Harbor on 1 August and sailed from there on 12 August with carrier and cruiser "Birmingham" to attack Wake Island. The raid was canceled when Japan capitulated on 15 August, and the ships were diverted, first to Eniwetok and then to Okinawa, anchoring in Buckner Bay on 26 August, "Santa Fe" arrived in Sasebo on 20 September and, from 17 October to 10 November, assisted in the occupation of northern Honshū and Hokkaidō. She reported for "Magic Carpet" duty on 10 November and made two trips bringing troops home from Saipan, Guam, and Truk before arriving on 25 January 1946 at Bremerton, Washington.  "Santa Fe" was decommissioned on 29 October 1946 and attached to the Bremerton Group, US Pacific Reserve Fleet. She was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 March 1959 and sold on 9 November to Zidell Explorations, Inc., for scrapping.

Awards.

"Santa Fe" received 13 battle stars for her World War II service.

USS "Santa Fe" (CL-60), a light cruiser, was the first ship of the United States Navy to be named for the city of Santa Fe, New Mexico.

Die USS Santa Fe (CL-60) war ein leichter Kreuzer der Cleveland-Klasse der United States Navy. Der nach der Hauptstadt von New Mexico benannte Kreuzer war das erste Schiff dieses Namens und stand von 1942 bis 1946 im Dienst bei der US-Marine. Die „Lucky Lady“ (engl.: "glückliche Dame"), wie sie von ihrer Besatzung genannt wurde, nahm an fast allen größeren Operationen während des Pazifikkriegs teil.


Olympische Sommerspiele 2008/Teilnehmer (Indonesien)

Competitors.

The following is the list of number of competitors participating in the Games:

Archery.

Indonesia will send archers to the Olympics for the ninth time, seeking the nation's first Olympic gold medal in the sport and first archery medal of any kind since earning the silver in the 1988 women's team competition. Ika Yuliana Rochmawati and Rina Dewi Puspitasari earned Indonesia two spots in the women's individual competition by placing first and third at the 2008 Asian championships.  Rina Dewi Puspitasari competed in women's individual archery at the Beijing Olympics as a representative of Indonesia. Born in Bojonegoro Regency, a rural region on Java to the west of the eastern coastal metropolis Surabaya, she first competed in the Olympics at the 2004 Athens Games when she was 18 years old. Puspitasari competed in the women's individual event for the first time here, finishing in 46th place. Her appearance in Beijing marked her second Olympic appearance. During the course of the August 9 preliminary round, Puspitasari competed against 63 other athletes. During the first half of this first round, the Indonesian archer accumulated 317 points; in the second half, she accrued an additional 303, bringing her total score to 620. Puspitasari scored a total of 19 bullseyes, but missed six targets entirely. On August 11, Puspitasari advanced to the August 11 one-of-thirty-two elimination round; she competed in the 27th match, facing Russia's Miroslava Dagbaeva. Both earned 106 points during this round, with Puspitasari scoring four bullseyes; during the tiebreaker portion, she scored nine points to Dagbaeva's 10. Puspitasari was defeated and did not advance to later rounds.  Suryo Agung Wibowo represented Indonesia at the 2008 Summer Olympics in the men's 100 meters dash. Born in Surakarta in central Java, Wibowo was 24 years old at the time of his event in Beijing. During the August 14 qualification round, Wibowo raced seven other athletes in the third heat. He finished the event in 10.46 seconds. He seventh ahead, of Jared Lewis of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (11.00 seconds) and behind Andrew Hinds of Barbados (10.35 seconds) in a heat led by Richard Thompson of Trinidad and Tobago (10.24 seconds) and France's Martial Mbandjock (10.26 seconds). Overall, he ranked 41st out of 80 athletes, tying Nigeria's Uchenna Emedolu. He did not advance to later rounds.  Dedeh Erawati was the only female athlete representing Indonesia in track events while at the Beijing Olympics. She participated in the women's 100 meters hurdles. Born in Sumedang, a western Javanese city within the vicinity of the major metropolis Bandung, Erawati was 28 years old at the time of her participation in Beijing. She had not previously competed in any Olympic games. During the course of the preliminary round of the races, which took place on August 17, Erawati competed in the fifth heat against seven other athletes. She finished seventh of the seven athletes who finished the event in her heat, running the event in a time of 13.49 seconds. While the slowest in her heat, she placed ahead of Guinea's Fatmata Fofonah, who did not finish the event. Haiti's Nadine Faustin placed sixth (13.25 seconds), directly ahead of Erawati, in a heat led by Jamaica's Bridgitte Foster-Hylton (12.69 seconds) and the United States' Dawn Harper (12.73 seconds). Of the 40 athletes competing in the event, Erawati placed 34th. She did not advance to later rounds.  Taufik Hidayat represented Indonesia in singles badminton at the Beijing Olympics. Born in Bandung, a major city in western Java, in 1981, Hidayat first represented Indonesia at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia at the age of 19. At these games, he was the top seed and was expected to progress to finals, but lost in quarterfinals. He returned at the 2004 Olympics in Athens and won the event's gold medal. Hidayat's appearance in Beijing marked his third, but not final, Olympic appearance. During these games, the Indonesian athlete faced Malaysia's Choong Hann Wong in the Round of 32 (the first round) in the seventh match. The Malaysian defeated the Indonesian 21–19 during the first game, and 21–16 on the second. Hidayat did not progress to further rounds.

Badminton.

Sony Dwi Kuncoro also competed for Indonesia in men's singles badminton. He was born in Surabaya in 1984, and was 20 years old when he first competed at the Olympic games in Athens in 2004. During this competition, Kuncoro won the bronze medal. When he returned to the Olympics four years later, Kuncoro was 24 years old. During the August 10 round of 32, the Indonesian was placed in the fourteenth match against Thailand's Boonsak Ponsana. He defeated him 21–16 during the first game, and 21–14 during the second one; Kuncoro advanced to the next round. On August 11, Kuncoro challenged Finland's Ville Lang in the seventh match of the round of 16. The Indonesian badminton player won 21–13 during the first match and 21–18 during the second, defeating Lang as well and sending Kuncoro to the quarterfinal round. At that time, Malaysia's Chong Wei Lee challenged Kuncoro in the fourth match and defeated him after winning the first game 21–9 and the second one 21–11. Chong would eventually continue to win the silver medal.  I Gusti Made Oka Sulaksana, known also as Oka Sulaksana, was Indonesia's only sailor at the Beijing Olympics. He participated in the men's windsurfer event. Born in Sanur, a town on the island of Bali nearby the island's capital city Denpasar, Sulaksana has been affiliated with the Sanur Windsurfing Center's programs and first participated Olympically at the 1996 Atlanta games, when he was 25 years old. He has since participated at the 2000 Sydney and 2004 Athens games, competing at Beijing as a 37-year-old. The Indonesian athlete placed 24th in the first race of the event, 24th in the second race, 23rd in the third race, 27th in the fourth, 22nd in the fifth, 31st in the sixth, 28th in the seventh, and 30th in the eighth. During the ninth and final race, Sulaksana did not finish, earning 36 points. In total, Sulaksana ranked 27th out of the 35 windsurfers, scoring a total of 225 points. He placed ahead of Belarus' Mikalai Zhukavets (229 points) and behind the United States' Benjamin Barger (217 points). In comparison, gold medalist Tom Ashley of New Zealand scored 52 points, and Colombia's 35th place finalist Santiago Grillo scored 293 points.  Yosheefin Shila Prasasti competed on Indonesia's behalf as the country's only shooter. She represented Indonesia in the women's air rifle 10 meters. Born in the Sleman Regency in the outer reaches of Yogyakarta in central Java, Prasasti first participated in the Olympic games while 22 years old in Athens at the 2004 Olympics. She competed at Beijing at 26 years old. Facing 46 other athletes during the course of the August 8 event, Prasasti earned 97 points in the first round; 98 in the second; 98 in the third; and 100 in the last. Her overall score was 393. Overall, Yosheefin Prasasti finished in 24th place between Egypt's Shimaa Hashad (23rd place) and Poland's Agnieszka Staron (26th place). The gold medalist in the event, the Czech Republic's Katerina Emmons, earned 502.5 points in comparison.  Donny Budiarto Utomo represented Indonesia in swimming at the Beijing Olympics, participating in the men's 200 meters butterfly. Born in 1979, Utomo was 25 years old when he debuted at the Olympic games, participating in the same event at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece; he placed 33rd overall. He returned to the Olympics at age 29 when at Beijing. During the preliminary round of the event, which took place on August 11, Utomo competed in the eight-person second heat. He finished last with a time of 2:03.44, placing directly behind seventh-place finalist Vladan Markovic of Serbia (2:03.12) and sixth-place finalist Douglas Lennox-Silva of Puerto Rico (2:01.69) in a heat led by James Walsh of the Philippines (1:59.39) and Spain's Javier Núñez (2:00.24). Of the 44 athletes who competed in the event, Utomo ranked last. He did not advance to the next round.  Fibriani Ratna Marita competed for Indonesia as its only female swimmer at the Beijing Olympics. She competed in the women's 200 meters individual medley event. Born in the city of Malang, which lies in east Java, Marita competed at Beijing at the age of 14. She was the youngest member of the Indonesian delegation that year, and had not previously participated in any Olympic events. During the course of the preliminary races, which took place on August 11, Marita competed in the first heat (which included seven athletes in total). Of those, she ranked sixth of the six finishing athletes with a time of 2:28.18, behind Chinese Taipei's Lin Man-Hsu in fifth place (2:23.29) and Iceland's Erla Dogg Haraldsdottir in fourth place (2:20.53). The heat itself was led by the Ukraine's Hanna Dzerkal (2:18.25) and Colombia's Erika Stewart (2:18.54), while Tunisia's Maroua Mathlouthi was the only member of the heat who did not finish. Overall, Marita placed last of the 38 finishing athletes. She did not advance to later rounds.  Sandow Weldemar Nasution competed for Indonesia in weightlifting while at Beijing. He competed in the men's middleweight class, which includes athletes of and below 77 kilograms in weight. Born in the capital city of Jakarta, Nasution was 27 years old at the time of the Beijing Olympics, and had not previously competed in any Olympic events. During the course of the event, which took place on August 13, Sandow Nasution competed against 28 other athletes. The first phase of the event involved snatches; Nasution successfully attempted lift three times, successively raising 145 kilograms; 152 kilograms; and 153 kilograms in this manner. During the clean and jerk phrase, Nasution successfully lifted 185 kilograms and then 194 kilograms, but did not succeed in lifting 200 kilograms. The sum of his overall score was 347 kilograms. Of the 24 athletes who finished the event, Nasution finished in 11th place between 10th place finalist Siarhei Lahun of Belarus (349 kilograms) and 12th place finalist Mahmoud Elhaddad of Egypt (347 kilograms). The gold medalist, Sa Jaehyouk of South Korea, in comparison, lifted a combined 366 kilograms.

Weightlifting.

Edi Kurniawan competed on Indonesia's behalf at the Beijing Olympics, participating in the events pertaining to the lightweight class, which includes people of 69 kilograms in weight or lower. Born in Lampung province in southern Sumatra, Kurniawan was 20 years old at the time of his participation at the Beijing Olympics. He had not previously competed at any Olympic games. During the August 12 competition, Kurniawan competed against 33 other athletes. During snatches, the Indonesian weightlifter successfully lifted 135 kilograms in weight on his first attempt, but unsuccessfully lifted 140 kilograms on his second and third attempts. Later, during the clean and jerk lifts, Kurniawan successfully completed a lift all three times (165 kilograms on his first attempt, 170 kilograms on his second, and 172 kilograms on his last). His total score was 307 kilograms. This placed him in 12th place out of the 24 finishing athletes between 11th place finalist Tarek Abdelazim of Egypt (310 kilograms) and 13th place finalist Israel Jose Rubio Rivero of Venezuela (306 kilograms). In comparison, gold medalist Liao Hui of China lifted 348 kilograms.  Triyatno represented Indonesia in weightlifting while at the Beijing Olympics. He participated in the featherweight class, which encompasses athletes who weigh at or less than 62 kilograms. Born in Metro City, a large settlement located in the southern Sumatran province of Lampung, Triyatno participated in the Beijing Olympics at 20 years old. He did not previously participate in any Olympic games. The event took place on August 11, where Triyatno faced 16 other athletes. The weightlifter successfully lifted 133 kilograms during his first attempt at snatches, unsuccessfully attempted 135 kilograms on his second, and successfully pulled that weight on his third attempt. He then failed to pull 163 kilograms on his first and second attempts during the clean and jerk phase, but successfully lifted this weight on his final try. His overall score was 298 kilograms, a combination of his highest snatch (135) and clean and jerk (163). With his score, the Indonesian won the bronze medal in the event out of the 12 athletes who finished. He placed behind Colombia's Diego Salazar, who won the silver medal (305 kilograms) and ahead of Romania's Antoniu Buci, who took fourth place (295 kilograms). In comparison, China's gold medalist Zhang Xiangxiang lifted a total of 319 kilograms.  Eko Yuli Irawan represented Indonesia at weightlifting in the Beijing Olympics, competing in the bantamweight class (which includes athletes below 56 kilograms in weight). Born in Metro in southern Sumatra, Irawan was 19 years old at the time of his participation at the Beijing Olympics. He had not previously competed at any Olympic games. During the course of the August 10 event, Irawan faced 18 other athletes. He first was given three opportunities to complete snatches, successfully raising 125 kilograms on his first attempt; unsuccessfully attempting to lift 130 kilograms on his second attempt; and successfully lifting that load on his last try. During the clean and jerk lifts, Irawan successfully lifted 152 kilograms on his first attempt; 158 kilograms on his second; and 158 kilograms on his last. As his highest scores were 130 (snatch) and 158 (clean and jerk), Irawan's total score was 288 kilograms. This score won the Indonesian weightlifter the bronze medal in the event, placing him behind silver medalist Hoang Anh Tuan of Vietnam (290 kilograms) and gold medalist Long Qingquan of China (292 kilograms) and ahead of fourth-place finalist Yang Chin-Yi of Chinese Taipei (285 kilograms).  Raema Lisa Rumbewas was the only female weightlifter representing Indonesia at the Beijing Olympics. Born in Jayapura, the capital of the easternmost Indonesian province of Papua, she first participated in the Olympics at age 19 at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia as a flyweight weightlifter. She won silver in the event, and did so again at the 2004 Athens Olympics in the featherweight category. Rumbewas returned to the Olympics, in Beijing, at the age of 27. During the course of her event, which took place on August 10, there were nine participants. During snatches, Rumbewas successfully lifted 91 kilograms on her first attempt, then unsuccessfully attempted 95 kilograms on her second and third attempts. She successfully lifted 110 kilograms and then 115 kilograms in clean and jerk, but failed to lift 121 kilograms on her final try. As her highest lifts were 91 (snatch) and 115 (clean and jerk), her total final score was 206 kilograms. Overall, she ranked fourth ahead of fourth-place finalist Yudelquis Maridalin of the Dominican Republic (204 kilograms) and behind bronze medalist Nastassia Novikava of Belarus (213 kilograms). In comparison, gold medalist Prapawadee Jaroenrattanatarakoon of Thailand lifted a total of 221 kilograms.

Indonesia competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics, held in Beijing, People's Republic of China from August 8 to August 24, 2008. At the games, twenty-two Indonesians had qualified to compete, while the other three had been granted a wildcard entry.

Bei den Olympischen Sommerspielen 2008 in Peking nahmen 24 Sportler aus Indonesien teil. Es war die 13. Olympiateilnahme Indonesiens. Bis zum 26. Juni 2008 konnten sich 21 Athleten für die Spiele qualifizieren. Dazu erhielten drei Athleten einen Startplatz dank Wildcard.


History.

Lerik district was established in August 1930. It was called Zuvand District until January 1938. 29 municipalities operate in the district. The district includes a city and 161 villages with a total area of 1084 square kilometer. In accordance with the presidential decree dated June 13, 2008, the settlement of Lerik was granted the status of a city.  The territory of the Lerik district is one of the oldest settlements in Azerbaijan. There exist some caves which are considered to belong to the Bronze Age. These caves are located in the foothills of the mountains.  Different items belonging to the Stone Age were found in Lerik district. The cave called “Buzeyir” is the oldest settlement in the territory of Azerbaijan. In the 18th-19th centuries, French archaeologist Jacques de Morgan, K. Schaffer and his brother Henri called this territory "archeological paradise" during archaeological excavations. Morgan has conducted archaeological excavations at the Gizilbashlar cemetery in the village of Veri of Lerik.  Professor Asadulla Jafarov, head of the Archeology and Ethnography Department of the History Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, conducted scientific researches in the territory of Lerik region and for the first time discovered an ancient human camp belonging to the Middle Paleolithic Age in the Buzeyir cave.

People.

Lerik is mainly famous for the longevity of some of its citizens. It is known for myths of human longevity; a man named Shirali Baba Muslimov, born in the village of Barzavu, who was reported by the "Guinness Book of Records" to have been aged 168 when he died, and was believed to have lived between 1805 and 1973. The population of the Lerik rayon is evenly divided between Azeris and Talysh - both populations are spread across both sides of the border.

Travel.

Located in Lerik is a local history museum and the Karabakh war memorial, located between of the parade ground and the modest city hall.  Lerik can be reached from Lankaran using the A323 road. It is a very scenic route along the Lankaran river and the Hirkan National Park. Buses run regularly to Lankaran and Baku. The maximum annual precipitation in Lerik and the Talysh Mountains is between 1,600 mm to 1,800 mm, which along the Lankaran Lowland is the highest precipitation in the country.

Geographical position.

The Lerik region territory is surrounded by Talysh mountain range. Lerik region is bordered by Yardimli in the south and south-west, in the north-east Lankaran, in the north-west Masalli, and in the south-east Astara. The Talysh mountain range extends along the border with the Islamic Republic of Iran and in the north beyond the Peshtasar and Bouravar mountain ranges. The length of the border is 49.5 kilometers with the Islamic Republic of Iran.  The Zuvand (Diabar) Trench is located between the Talysh and Buddhist ridges. The Komurgoy (2492 m) and Gizyurd (2433 m) are the highest peaks in the Talysh Range. It mostly consists of pallogene volcanogenic-sedimentary rocks. The region covers 40.3 thousand hectares of forest.  The Zuvand State Reserve is located in Zuvand. In the Botanical Research Center of the National Academy of Sciences studies of the Fauna and Flora is operating here.

Economy.

The district is mainly occupied by mountainous relief, where the population is mainly engaged in agriculture. Annually 2790 tons of grains from 1454 hectares are planted in the region.

Education.

There are 107 secondary schools in the district. About 1269 teachers work in the schools.

Health.

Lerik Region Central Hospital provides medical care to 82 thousand people.

Cultural heritage.

There are 27 architectural monuments of local importance, memorial monuments, and 78 decorative monuments in the territory of lerik district. A historical museum, as well as the museum of “Longevity”, and an art gallery operates in the city.  Ancient mansion "Qizyurdu"l, Baba Isa tomb in the village of Mondigah, Mausoleum of Khalifa Zechariah, Mosque in Lulekaran village (XIX century) Jabir Mausoleum (XII-XIV centuries) and so on are the most famous monuments in the region.  Among historical places the Boy and Girl castles are very famous in the territory. These castles were constructed with the purpose of defense. In one legend it is said that these castles were the houses of ancient Albanians. There are still Albanian cemeteries near the castles.  During the Safavid rule, Shah Ismayil also sent his faithful people to Lerik region. The Babagil mausoleum, which turned into a sanctuary, is the hallmark of those times.  There are 11 cultural centers, 64 libraries (one central library in the city, one children's library), 55 clubs, 1 painting gallery, 2 primary music schools in the district.  303700 copies of political, artistic and scientific literature have been collected in the branches of the centralized library system of the district. 24 thousand people benefit from this fund.

Notable persons.

• Boyukagha Mirsalayev - Second Secretary of the Central Committee of Transcaucasia KP (b).  • Iqbal Mammadov - Doctor of Philosophy in Economics, Member of the Milli Mejlis of the Republic of Azerbaijan.  • Huseynbala Miralamov - doctor of technical sciences, professor, well-known writer, deputy of Milli Majlis  • Novruz Novruzov - a writer-publicist, head of executive power  • Mammadhuseyn Aliyev - writer and playwright.  • Eldar Isgandarzadeh - poet-dramatist, screenwriter.

See also.

The Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests ecoregion is an area of lush lowland and montane forests (subtropical and temperate rainforests) that covers the Lerik rayon. In southeast Azerbaijan, this ecoregion includes the Lankaran Lowland and the Talysh Mountains.

Lerik Rayon is a rayon located near the Iranian border in southern Azerbaijan, between the tall mountains of the Talysh Mountains and the agricultural plain of the Lankaran Lowland.

Lerik ist ein Rayon im Süden Aserbaidschans. Die Hauptstadt des Bezirks ist die Stadt Lerik. Im Südwesten grenzt der Rayon an den Iran.


Development.

The CASA 207 was developed as an airline-suited aircraft, for the short- to mid-range routes that were common in Spain and Europe. The Azor was deemed to be obsolete and uneconomical for its time and standards, for which better aircraft were available for its role. So, CASA turned its marketing attention to the Spanish Air Force, which had interest in a "modern" transport aircraft. CASA Had previously experimented with transport aircraft to replace types already in service, such as the CASA C-201 and CASA C-202. They were plagued with underpowered engines and were cancelled. CASA decided to make a version of the 207 for the Spanish Air Force that would follow up to the C-201 and 202. The CASA 207A was built for the Air Force with a capacity of 40 passengers plus a crew of four. A batch of ten C-207C (or T.7B) were built with large doors and capacity for 37 Paratroopers.  The Hamburger Flugzeugbau and CASA offered a version driven by Turbopropeller engines, but this plan was dropped due to the availability of the CASA 212 Aviocar.

Survivors.

Out of the 22 built, five are known to have escaped the scrapping that the other C-207 aircraft were subjected to upon their retirement. Of those, two are at the Spanish Air Force museum, one is at Getafe Air Base, one is preserved in the exterior in Sevilla after a 2015 restoration, and one is a derelict, ex-fire trainer at Seville, albeit a fuselage.

The CASA C-207 Azor was a transport aircraft produced by Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA (CASA). It was a scaled-up version of the CASA C-202 Halcón and was designed for the domestic civil market. The C-207 received no civil orders, but the Spanish Air Force ordered ten. The first model, designated T.7A entered service in 1960. Ten more aircraft were ordered and configured for paratroop or cargo transport, designated CASA 207C(T.7B). The CASA 207 was one of the first aircraft to be designed by CASA in order to replace the transports in current service at the time, like the CASA 2.111 (Heinkel He 111) and the CASA 352 (Junkers Ju 52).

Die CASA C-207 Azor ( für Habicht) war ein zweimotoriges Transport- und Verkehrsflugzeug des spanischen Herstellers Construcciones Aeronáuticas S.A. aus den 1950er- und 60er-Jahren. Das Flugzeug konnte bis zu 40 Personen transportieren. Neben zwei Prototypen entstanden in Getafe 20 Serienmodelle, die von der spanischen Regierung erworben und als T.7 von den Luftstreitkräften genutzt wurden. Da die Fluggesellschaften zu diesem Zeitpunkt kein Interesse mehr an Flugzeugen mit Kolbenmotoren hatten, konnten keine zivilen Kunden gewonnen werden.


Early life and education.

He was born in 1952 in Albuquerque, New Mexico to a family of Hispanic heritage. Chávez attended both Catholic and public secondary schools. After graduating from Manzano High School, Chávez earned a bachelor's degree from the University of New Mexico and a Juris Doctor from Georgetown University Law Center.

Career.

He was the founding director of the New Mexico Workers' Compensation Administration in 1986.

New Mexico Senate.

From 1987 to 1993 he served in the New Mexico Senate, where he helped pass the New Mexico Workers Compensation Act and to implement the Voter Registration Reform Act, known as "motor voter."

First mayoral term.

1993 election.

He pulled a major upset by defeating former Governor David Cargo in the 1993 election for Mayor of Albuquerque 50.4%-49.6%, a difference of just 596 votes.

1998 gubernatorial election.

In 1997, Chávez opted not to run for re-election as mayor and instead ran for Governor of New Mexico in 1998. He won the six-candidate Democratic primary with 48% of the vote and won most of the counties in the state. He defeated very experienced candidates like State Representative Gary King, former Governor Jerry Apodaca, and State Auditor Robert Vigil. In the general election he was defeated by incumbent Republican governor Gary Johnson 55%-45%.

Second mayoral term.

2001 election.

In 2001, Chávez again ran for Mayor of Albuquerque and finished first in a seven-candidate race.

2005 re-election bid.

In 2005, he was the first mayor to be re-elected for two consecutive terms since the creation of the strong mayoral form of government in 1974

Tenure.

As Mayor, Chávez partnered with the University of New Mexico, Sandia National Laboratories and leading entrepreneurs and educators to establish the Albuquerque Institute of Math and Science (AIMS), a charter high school dedicated to academic excellence. In 2009, the AIMS graduated its first senior class of 26 students. For the first time in New Mexico's history, an entire graduating class had enrolled in college. AIMS is now the #1 public high school in the State of New Mexico for math, science and reading. http://www.aims-unm.org/academics/index.cfm

Recognitions.

During his tenure as Mayor, Chávez and the City of Albuquerque received the following recognitions:

2008 U.S. Senate election.

On October 8, 2007, Chávez announced his candidacy for the U.S. Senate seat that was being vacated by retiring Republican Senator Pete Domenici. Democratic leaders, including Senator Charles Schumer, Chairman of Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee, recruited Tom Udall into the race.  Chávez indicated that he intended to remain in the race, referring to Udall as Washington's "fair-haired boy". However, Chavez withdrew from the race on December 7 saying, "While I deeply appreciate all the support I have received, it has become very clear to me that Democrats should not be divided in the upcoming election. "

2009 re-election bid.

In 2009, Chávez succeeded in overturning a two-consecutive mayoral term limit, which he had gotten passed into law, and announced he would seek a third consecutive, and fourth overall, term as mayor. He ran against Republican State Representative Richard J. Berry and Democratic State Senator Richard Romero in a hotly contested race. Romero split the Democratic vote, and Richard J. Berry defeated Chavez 44% to 35% while Romero finished a distant third with 21%.

Post-mayoral career.

ICLEI.

In March 2010, Chávez, was appointed Executive Director of ICLEI Local Governments for Sustainability USA. Chávez had served on ICLEI USA's Board of Directors and was recognized nationally as a "green mayor" during his tenure in Albuquerque. Chavez leads a staff of 52 ICLEI USA employees, based in six regional offices: Boston, Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Oakland, and Seattle. In addition to these responsibilities Chávez also speaks at many conferences including George Mason University's Washington Youth Summit on the Environment in 2011.

Memberships.

Chavez serves on the Board of the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund (MALDEF). Chávez is a member of the National Building Museum's Intelligent Cities Advisory Committee and member of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Vibrant Cities and Urban Forests Task Force. In March 2011, Chávez joined polar explorer and environmentalist Robert Swan, on an expedition to explore the effects of climate change in the Antarctica. Chávez visited the remnants of the Larsen Ice Shelf known as "Larsen B"; once an ice shelf larger than the state of Rhode Island, which disintegrated over a three-week period in 2002 as a result of climate change. Chavez serves a Member of the Board of Directors of American Rivers.http://www.americanrivers.org/about/governance/

2012 congressional election.

Chávez sought the Democratic nomination to succeed Martin Heinrich in the U.S. House, but lost to Bernalillo County Commissioner Michelle Lujan Grisham.

Current Memberships.

Martin Chavez was named to a two-year term on the board of directors of the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund (MALDEF) in May 2013. He also on the board of directors of American Rivers. He is a former senior adviser to the Hispanic Technology and Telecommunications Partnership (HTTP), He is currently a senior adviser to Smart City Media, an Internet of Things company that merges interactive smart signs with mobile applications to deliver location-based media in real time, and to P3GM, a Smart Cities technology startup focusing on public-private partnerships in the smart cities arena. He is also a member of the board of directors of the Center for National Policy/Truman Security Project.

Martin Joseph "Marty" Chávez (born March 2, 1952) is an American politician, businessman, and attorney who served as mayor of Albuquerque, New Mexico and New Mexico State Senator. He served as the Executive Director of ICLEI Local Governments for Sustainability USA. and Chairman of the Advisory Board for the Center for Green Schools at U.S. Green Building Council. In 2012, he unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for the Congressional seat being vacated by Martin Heinrich, who retired from the House to run for Senate.

Martin J. „Marty“ Chávez (* 2. März 1952 in Albuquerque, New Mexico) ist ein US-amerikanischer Politiker. Er war von 1993 bis 1997 sowie von 2001 bis 2009 Bürgermeister von Albuquerque.


Life and career.

Born in Reims, Marne "département", France, he became an important part of the artistic community of Montparnasse. While a student at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand in Paris, he founded the Théâtre d' Art in 1890. Many new artists were promoted there, including Paul Verlaine, Paul Gauguin, and Maurice Maeterlinck. By 1912 his accomplishments and influence were such that he was given the title "Prince of the Poets" (honorific title given in France to poets, such as Verlaine and Mallarmé, after the death of their predecessor).  One of his famous works was "La Ronde". This poem is famous worldwide because it is a plea for world friendship.  He died on 20 April 1960 in France and is buried in the Cimetière de Montlhéry, in Montlhéry, Essonne "département", in the Île-de-France, Region of France.

Theater experience.

He frequented the café Voltaire, the headquarters of the Symbolist Poets breaking with the naturalistic scene including prevails Théâtre Libre created in 1887 by André Antoine in 1887, which caused his expulsion from high school.  Willing to offer a scene to Maurice Maeterlinck, who he admired in drama, he created in 1889, with Lugné-Poe, the Art Theater that became the Théâtre Libre. The theatre introduced the works of Henrik Ibsen and August Strindberg to the French public.

Poet.

Post-war creation.

The theatrical adventure he had achieved, he dedicated his life to poetry. He gave his first poems to the Mercure de France in 1896. Those poems consisted the debut of the Ballades françaises (17 volumes written entering 1922 and 1958). He begins to publish into the Le Livre d'art magazine in 1892 where it was relaunched in 1896 with Maurice Dumont. With the latter, he edited L'épreuve, Journal-Album d'art in 1894.  By 1903 he organized and held Tuesday poetic lectures at the Closerie des Lilas. In 1905, he began publishing the magazine Vers et prose with Moréas and Salmon, who notably edited the works Guillaume Apollinaire, Max Jacob, Pierre Louÿs. He edited it together with Paul Valéry. Pierre Louÿs, who wrote the prelude to the first volume of the "Ballades", defines them as small poems in polymorphous form or in familiar alexandrins, but which bend towards the normal prose form, requiring the rules of rhythmic prose rather than those of verse diction.  Given the title “commandeur de la Légion d'honneur”, he helped to give the quartier du Montparnasse in Paris its artistic reputation. A poll of five literary magazines (Gil Blas, Comoedia, La Phalange, Les Loups and Les Nouvelles) gave him the title "Prince of Poets" in 1912. Then, 350 authors voted him as the true heir to Verlaine, Mallarmé and Léon Dierx.  In August 1913, his sixteen-year-old daughter Jeanne married futurist painter Gino Severini. Fort lead the ceremonies, Severini had as witnesses Guillaume Apollinaire, and Filippo Marinetti, the author of the Futurist Manifesto. Apollinaire wrote to Madeleine Pagès two years later: “I received the idiotic lyrical report of Paul Fort, the highfalutin prince of poets, who sings to battles in far away lands in a truly foolish language.”

Poet Laureate of the Third Republic.

Paul Fort was a leading jury member of the Prix Jeunesse that was created in 1934. Running in 1943 for the Académie Goncourt seat left vacant by the death of Pierre Champion a year earlier, Fort lost to André Billy, though Billy was confirmed to the seat only after the Libération.  His work was banned by the CNE (National Writers' Committee of the intellectual resistance) at the end of war, but the interdiction was rescinded in a second list published in the Les Lettres françaises of 21 October 1944.  But he officially recovered when introducing an exhibition dedicated to him in 1954 at the Reims Carnegie Library.  In 1956, Paul married Germaine Pouget. His nephew married the daughter of Alfred Vallette (1858–1935), director of Mercure de France, and Marguerite Eymery (1860–1953), who wrote under the "nom de plume" Rachilde.  Paul Fort was buried at Montlhery on his own property, called Argenlieu.

In fiction.

Fort is mentioned by Hemingway as a customer of, in "A Moveable Feast".

Paul Fort (1 February 1872 – 20 April 1960) was a French poet associated with the Symbolist movement. At the age of 18, reacting against the Naturalistic theatre, Fort founded the Théâtre d'Art (1890–93). He also founded and edited the literary reviews "Livre d'Art" with Alfred Jarry and "Vers et Prose" (1905–14) with poet Guillaume Apollinaire, which published the work of Paul Valéry and other important Symbolist writers. Fort is notable for his enormous volume of poetry, having published more than thirty volumes of ballads and, according to Amy Lowell for creating the polyphonic prose form in his 'Ballades francaises'.

Paul Fort (* 1. Februar 1872 in Reims; † 20. April 1960 in Montlhéry, Département Essonne, Frankreich) war ein französischer Dichter und Dramatiker.


Biography.

Hedlund was born May 7, 1904, in Somerville, Massachusetts. He did his undergraduate studies at Harvard University, earned a master's degree from Columbia University, and returned to Harvard for his doctoral studies. He was a student of Marston Morse, under whose supervision he received a Ph.D. in 1930 with thesis entitled "I. Geodesics on a Two-Dimensional Riemannian Manifold with Periodic Coefficients II. Poincare's Rotation Number and Morse's Type Number".  While still studying at Columbia, Hedlund taught at Hunter College, and after receiving his doctorate he took a position at Bryn Mawr College, where he remained for nine years. From 1939 to 1948 he taught at the University of Virginia, after which he moved to Yale University. At Yale, he became the Philip Schuyler Beebe Professor of Mathematics, and chaired the mathematics department for ten years. He was also a member of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, which he visited in 1933, 1938, and 1953. He retired from Yale in 1972, but afterwards held a visiting professorship at Wesleyan University.  Hedlund died in 1993. He has over 200 academic descendants, many of them through two of his students at Virginia, Walter Gottschalk and W. Roy Utz, Jr.

Research.

One of Hedlund's early results was an important theorem about the ergodicity of geodesic flows. He also made significant contributions to symbolic dynamics, whose origins as a field of modern mathematics can be traced to a 1944 paper of Hedlund, and to topological dynamics.  The Curtis–Hedlund–Lyndon theorem, a topological characterization of cellular automata, is named after Hedlund. Hedlund first published this theorem in 1969, crediting Morton L. Curtis and Roger Lyndon as co-discoverers.  Hedlund was the co-author of the book "Topological Dynamics" (with Walter Gottschalk, American Mathematical Society, 1955).

Awards and honors.

Hedlund was elected to Sigma Xi in 1943.  In 1972, a conference on topological dynamics was held to honor Hedlund on the occasion of his retirement from Yale. The editor of the festschrift from the conference, Anatole Beck, wrote that it was "our token of respect to the man who did so much to foster and build this field".

Gustav Arnold Hedlund (May 7, 1904 – March 15, 1993), an American mathematician, was one of the founders of symbolic and topological dynamics.

Gustav Arnold Hedlund (* 7. Mai 1904 in Somerville, Middlesex County, Massachusetts; † 15. März 1993) war ein US-amerikanischer Mathematiker.