History.

Minto did not feel the depression, or at least did not feel it in the same way as most other places in Canada; during recession and the Great Depression, Minto was profiting from a coal mining boom. The coal brought a level of financial prosperity to the community in the early 1900s, which by the late 1930s turned into a profitable venture for companies, and brought starvation and disease to a then impoverished community. As stated in the "United Mine Workers' Journal" of 1937, "Nowhere on the American continent, is there a strife which combines the elements of greed, harshness, cold, suffering, and want, as exists [in Minto]."  Early in Minto's coal mining exploits, land owners were permitted to mine under their own land without obtaining a license from the Crown or paying any royalties, which ended in 1915. During the boom, both mining conditions and the living quarters of miners' families degraded with lowering wages and lack of maintenance in the mines and homes supplied to the miners families. Although a tally of the number of deaths related to the coal mining industry in Minto is not available, deaths did occur.  The need of transporting coal brought the railway to Minto, and was to make the area "the most prosperous place in Canada." The New Brunswick Central Railway ended at Chipman (about north-east of Minto) and in 1901 the railway was planned to be completed by constructing through the village to Fredericton, and connect with the Canadian Pacific railway. By 1904 the railway was completed as far as Minto, merging with the existing Central, however by 1905 completion to Fredericton was abandoned and the remaining railway was not built until 1913.  Although the railway lines through Minto have since been completely removed, the railway station continues on as a local museum. By the end of 2010, coal mining in Minto ended when the last coal mining company, NB Coal, closed.  During the early years of the Great Depression, the New Brunswick Power Corporation built the province's first thermal generating station south of the village on the shores of Grand Lake. Opened in 1931, the Grand Lake Generating Station accessed coal from nearby deposits. An NB Power subsidiary, NB Coal, was the only mining company left in the Minto area and performed strip mining. NB Power closed the Grand Lake Station when its operating license expired in June 2010. As the Station has been NB Coal’s only customer since 2000, NB Coal closed in December 2009. On April 19, 2012 the Grand Lake Generating Station was demolished, and by this time all coal mining in Minto had ended.

World War II internment camp.

During the Second World War, the largest internment camp in eastern Canada was located in the hamlet of Ripples, 10 km west of the village of Minto. Originally it was home to German and Austrian Jews who had fled the Nazis to England. Some youths later became notable, including theologian Gregory Baum, chemist Ernest Eliel and physicist Walter Kohn. Later after these Jewish refugees had been released into Canadian life, it became a camp mostly for German prisoners of war, as well as some sympathizers such as Canadian fascist Adrien Arcand. Its most notable prisoner at this time was the anti-conscriptionist mayor of Montreal, Camillien Houde.  This internment camp is now a protected site visited by tourists. The only structure remaining at the site is the base of a water-tower where a plaque stands, visible from the highway. A walking trail leads into the forest where a few ruins of the camp and posted signs describing the area may be found. There is a small museum dedicated to the camp located within Minto's municipal building.

Recreational activities.

Though Minto is a very small community, there are recreational activities that take place year-round. It has the Minto Centennial Arena, lighted and unlighted ball parks, two family parks, nature trails, mountain bike trails, and hunting and fishing resources.  Each year there are two festivals in Minto. In summer the Minto Fun Days (also known as the Minto Coal Mining Festival) is celebrated in June–July, first run in 1972. The Santa Claus Parade and Tree Lighting Ceremony is celebrated in November–December, with the first annual parade held in 2010.  Once a year mountain bike racers descend on the town of Minto for a race known as 'The Coal Miner's Lung'. The endurance race covers 20km, 40km or 60km of Minto single track.

Education.

There are two schools in Minto: Minto Elementary and Middle School, and Minto Memorial High School. Both schools offer extracurricular activities including sports clubs, destination conservation, peer helpers and student government. While Minto Elementary and Middle School is a newer building, Minto High has been added to with a new gym and shop. In 2011 the New Brunswick Community College (NBCC) Fredericton campus established a satellite campus the Minto Regional Delivery Site.

Notable people.

Marjorie Taylor Morell (1918-2004), author of "Of Mines and Men"; 1995 recipient of United Nations Community Service Award

Minto (2016 pop. 2,305) is a Canadian village straddling the border of Sunbury County and Queens County, New Brunswick. It is located on the north shore of Grand Lake, approximately 50 kilometres northeast of Fredericton. Its population meets the requirements for "town" status under the Municipalities Act of the Province of New Brunswick, but the community has not made any change in municipal status.

Minto ist ein Dorf in der kanadischen Provinz New Brunswick. Die Einwohnerzahl im Jahr 2006 betrug 2681 Personen und hat sich bis zum Jahr 2011 mit 2505 Einwohnern geringfügig vermindert.


History.

The first hockey game was played in Sisak in 1930. It was played between the students of the 7'th High School. Over the years they played partial and irregular matches, mostly between students. Then, at the end 1934 the sports society "Slavia" organized a hockey club. The new Sisak club had its first success at the championship of Yugoslavia in 1937. The players were: Vjenceslav Holubek, Vladimir Berghauer, Želimir Golder, Josip Kovačić, Mate Starčević, Oliver Pötzl, Franjo Knebl, Branko Herlinger and Joža Stampf. At that time, Pötzl and Berghauer were members of the national team. In season 1938/39 the club participated in the Yugoslav league, Croatian division with teams from Zagreb, Karlovac and Varaždin. In 1958 and 1959 Sisak hockey players won the Croatian championship and became members of the Federal League. In 1961 they went on to become Croatian ice hockey champions, formed the club "Segesta," and played their first game against Zagreb's newly formed team "Medveščak." Late in 1971 the Sisak rink "Recreational Center Zibel" was finished and the first international hockey match in Sisak was played between Medveščak and Tesla Pardubice from Czech Republic.  Hockey has continued to evolve in Yugoslavia; Sisak was sponsored by the INA oil company and bore their name. "INA" Sisak repeatedly won first place in the second division of the state championships, and appeared in the first division. Through several years of play, with greater or lesser success, Sisak's young hockey players from the club "INA" became the junior Croatian champions in 1979. In the 1980/81 Croatian league season, the youngest "INA" team won the championship. The club prospered until the war in the '90s, and has come back afterwards, slowly picking up pace as circumstances allowed. New generations took over, keeping the oldest Croatian club alive, now known as ice hockey club "Sisak."

Sponsors.

KHL Sisak sponsors include companies such as: Croatia osiguranje and Splitska banka.

KHL Sisak is a Croatian ice hockey team that plays in the Croatian Ice Hockey League. They play their home games at Klizalište Zibel, which was renovated in 2017.

Der Klub Hokeja na Ledu Sisak ist ein kroatischer Eishockeyverein aus Sisak, der 1934 als "ŠK Slavija" gegründet wurde und in der Kroatischen Eishockeyliga spielt. Da der Klub über keine Eishalle, sondern nur über ein offenes Eisstadion verfügt, nimmt der Verein nicht regelmäßig an den Austragungen der Meisterschaft teil.


Life and career.

Campo was born in Wheeling, West Virginia, and raised in St. Petersburg, Florida. His father, Robert Camposecco, works as a painting contractor while his mother, Donna (née Wells), is a make-up artist who has worked for various celebrities. His paternal grandfather, Bob Campo, was a former radio personality in Wheeling and he has a younger sister named Julia Marie who is married to Stephen Christian of the band Anberlin. Campo is an alumnus of Seminole High School and was a student at the Performers Studio Workshop in Tampa, Florida.  In October 2009, he appeared on the cover of Throne Magazine and was also featured in the March 2010 issue of L'Uomo Vogue.  Campo was also featured in several short films including "Queen" in 2011 wherein he portrayed a handsome, young cabaret doorman who expresses sympathy to a transgender performer and in "A Conversation About Cheating with My Time Travelling Future Self" in 2012, portraying a man who travels back in time to tell his past self that his life will get better if he cheats on his girlfriend. For his performance in the latter, "Amazing Stories"s Chris Garcia found his acting "pitch perfect" and added that Campo "does an excellent job playing both sides of the same coin."  In early 2012, Campo was cast for a recurring role in the third season of the supernatural drama TV series "Being Human". He plays the character of Max, a young-looking mortician who runs his own business and works extra hard to gain credibility.  He indulges himself in rock climbing, cycling, and soccer and loves listening to music to conduce his creativity, especially when at work. In March 2015, he was cast in the role of Seth Branson in MTV's slasher television series "Scream".  In 2016, he appeared in a television commercial for the Lexus CT.  He was most recently seen in Hallmark Channel's films: "My Christmas Love" in 2016, "Sharing Christmas" in 2017, and "Christmas Camp" in 2019.

Robert Joseph Camposecco (born March 9, 1983) known professionally as Bobby Campo, is an American actor. He is known for playing the lead role as Nick O'Bannon in the 2009 horror film "The Final Destination", and for playing Seth Branson on the MTV slasher series "Scream".

Bobby Campo (* 9. März 1983 als "Robert Joseph Camposecco" in Wheeling, West Virginia) ist ein US-amerikanischer Schauspieler. Er ist seit 2005 für Fernsehproduktionen und Kinofilme gleichermaßen tätig.


Education.

Bracewell was born in Sydney, Australia, in 1921, and educated at Sydney Boys High School. He graduated from the University of Sydney in 1941 with the B.Sc. degree in mathematics and physics, later receiving the degrees of B.E. (1943), and M.E. (1948) with first class honours, and while working in the Engineering Department became the President of the Oxometrical Society. During World War II he designed and developed microwave radar equipment in the Radiophysics Laboratory of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Sydney under the direction of Joseph L. Pawsey and Edward G. Bowen and from 1946 to 1949 was a research student at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, engaged in ionospheric research in the Cavendish Laboratory, where in 1949 he received his Ph.D. degree in physics under J. A. Ratcliffe.

Career.

From October 1949 to September 1954, Dr. Bracewell was a senior research officer at the Radiophysics Laboratory of the CSIRO, Sydney, concerned with very-long-wave propagation and radio astronomy. He then lectured in radio astronomy at the Astronomy Department of the University of California, Berkeley, from September 1954 to June 1955 at the invitation of Otto Struve, and at Stanford University during the summer of 1955, and joined the Electrical Engineering faculty at Stanford in December 1955.  In 1974 he was appointed the first Lewis M. Terman Professor and Fellow in Electrical Engineering (1974–1979). Though he retired in 1979, he continued to be active until his death.

Contributions and honours.

Professor Bracewell was a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society (1950), Fellow and life member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (1961), Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (1989), and was a Fellow with other significant societies and organisations.  For experimental contributions to the study of the ionosphere by means of very low frequency waves, Dr. Bracewell received the Duddell Premium of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, London in 1952. In 1992 he was elected to foreign associate membership of the Institute of Medicine of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (1992), the first Australian to achieve that distinction, for fundamental contributions to medical imaging. He was one of Sydney University's three honourees when alumni awards were instituted in 1992, with a citation for brain scanning, and was the 1994 recipient of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers' Heinrich Hertz medal for pioneering work in antenna aperture synthesis and image reconstruction as applied to radio astronomy and to computer-assisted tomography. In 1998 Dr. Bracewell was named Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) for service to science in the fields of radio astronomy and image reconstruction.  At CSIRO Radiophysics Laboratory, work that in 1942–1945 was classified appeared in a dozen reports. Activities included design, construction, and demonstration of voice-modulation equipment for a 10 cm magnetron (July 1943), a microwave triode oscillator at 25 cm using cylindrical cavity resonators, equipment designed for microwave radar in field use (wavemeter, echo box, thermistor power meter, etc.) and microwave measurement technique. Experience with numerical computation of fields in cavities led, after the war, to a Master of Engineering degree (1948) and the definitive publication on step discontinuities in radial transmission lines (1954).  While at the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge (1946–1950) Bracewell worked on observation and theory of upper atmospheric ionisation, contributing to experimental technique (1948), explaining solar effects (1949), and distinguishing two layers below the E-layer (1952), work recognised by the Duddell Premium.  While at Stanford, Professor Bracewell constructed a microwave spectroheliograph (1961), a radio telescope comprising 32 10 ft dishes arranged in a cross, which produced daily temperature maps of the sun reliably for eleven years, the duration of a solar cycle. The first radio telescope to give output automatically in printed form, and therefore capable of worldwide dissemination by teleprinter, its daily solar weather maps received acknowledgement from NASA for support of the first manned landing on the moon. Subsequently, five larger 60 ft dishes were built at the same site, and were eventually removed in 2006 after efforts to preserve the site. Bracewell was interviewed during the destruction of the dishes.  Many fundamental papers on restoration (1954–1962), interferometry (1958–1974) and reconstruction (1956–1961) appeared along with instrumental and observational papers. By 1961 the radio-interferometer calibration techniques developed for the spectroheliograph first allowed an antenna system, with 52-inch fan beam, to equal the angular resolution of the human eye in one observation. With this beam the components of Cygnus A, spaced 100-inch, were put directly in evidence without the need for repeated observations with variable spacing aperture synthesis interferometry.  The nucleus of the extragalactic source Centaurus A was resolved into two separate components whose right ascensions were accurately determined with a 2.3-minute fan beam at 9.1 cm. Knowing that Centaurus A was composite, Bracewell used the 6.7-minute beam of the Parkes Observatory 64 m radio telescope at 10 cm to determine the separate declinations of the components and in so doing was the first to observe strong polarisation in an extragalactic source (1962), a discovery of fundamental significance for the structure and role of astrophysical magnetic fields. Subsequent observations made at Parkes by other observers with a 14-minute and wider beams at 21 cm and longer wavelengths, though not resolving the components, were compatible with the formula_1 dependence expected from Faraday rotation if magnetic fields were the polarising agent.  A second major radiotelescope (1971) employing advanced concepts to achieve an angular resolution of 18 seconds of arc was designed and built at Stanford and applied to both solar and galactic studies. The calibration techniques for this leading-edge resolution passed into general use in radio interferometry via the medium of alumni.  Upon the discovery of the cosmic background radiation:  With the advent of the space age, Bracewell became interested in celestial mechanics, made observations of the radio emission from Sputnik 1, and supplied the press with accurate charts predicting the path of Soviet satellites, which were perfectly visible, if you knew when and where to look. Following the puzzling performance of Explorer I in orbit, he published the first explanation (1958-9) of the observed spin instability of satellites, in terms of the Poinsot motion of a non-rigid body with internal friction. He recorded the signals from Sputniks I, II and III and discussed them in terms of the satellite spin, antenna polarisation, and propagation effects of the ionised medium, especially Faraday effect.  Later (1978, 1979) he invented a spinning, nulling, two-element infrared interferometer suitable for space-shuttle launching into an orbit near Jupiter, with milliarcsecond resolution, that could lead to the discovery of planets around stars other than the sun. This concept was elaborated in 1995 by Angel and Woolf, whose space-station version with four-element double nulling became the Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF), NASA's candidate for imaging planetary configurations of other stars.  Imaging in astronomy led to participation in development of computer assisted x-ray tomography, where commercial scanners reconstruct tomographic images using the algorithm developed by Bracewell for radioastronomical reconstruction from fan-beam scans. This corpus of work has been recognized by the Institute of Medicine, an award by the University of Sydney, and the Heinrich Hertz medal. Service on the founding editorial board of the "Journal for Computer-Assisted Tomography", to which he also contributed publications, and on the scientific advisory boards of medical instrumentation companies maintained Bracewell's interest in medical imaging, which became an important part of his regular graduate lectures on imaging, and forms an important part of his 1995 text on imaging.  Experience with the optics, mechanics and control of radiotelescopes led to involvement with solar thermophotovoltaic energy at the time of the energy crisis, including the fabrication of low-cost solid and perforated paraboloidal reflectors by hydraulic inflation.  Bracewell is also known for being the first to propose the use of autonomous interstellar space probes for communication between alien civilisations as an alternative to radio transmission dialogs. This hypothetical concept has been dubbed the Bracewell probe after its inventor.

Fourier analysis.

As a consequence of relating images to Fourier analysis, in 1983 he discovered a new factorisation of the discrete Fourier transform matrix leading to a fast algorithm for spectral analysis. This method, which has advantages over the fast Fourier algorithm, especially for images, is treated in "The Hartley Transform" (1986), in U.S. Patent 4,646,256 (1987, now in the public domain), and in over 200 technical papers by various authors that were stimulated by the discovery. Analogue methods of creating a Hartley transform plane first with light and later with microwaves were demonstrated in the laboratory and permitted the determination of electromagnetic phase by the use of square-law detectors. A new elementary signal representation, the Chirplet transform, was discovered (1991) that complements the Gabor elementary signal representations used in dynamic spectral analysis (with the property of meeting the bandwidth-duration minimum associated with the uncertainty principle). This advance opened a new field of adaptive dynamic spectra with wide application in information analysis.

Other interests.

Professor Bracewell was interested in conveying an appreciation of the role of science in society to the public, in mitigating the effects of scientific illiteracy on public decision making through contact with alumni groups, and in liberal undergraduate education within the framework of the Astronomy Course Program and the Western Culture program in Values, Technology, Science and Society, in both of which he taught for some years. He gave the 1996 Bunyan Lecture on "The Destiny of Man".  He was also interested in the trees of Stanford's campus and published a book about them. He also taught an undergraduate seminar titled I Dig Trees.  Bracewell was also a designer and builder of sundials. He and his son Mark Bracewell built one on the South side of the Terman Engineering Building; after that building was demolished, a new home for the sundial, at the same orientation, was found on the Jen-Hsun Huang Engineering Center. He built another sundial at the home of his son, and another on the deck of professor John G. Linvill's house. The Bracewell Radio Sundial at the Very Large Array was built in his honor.

Chapter contributions.

Bracewell has contributed chapters to:

Ronald Newbold Bracewell AO (22 July 1921 – 12 August 2007) was the Lewis M. Terman Professor of Electrical Engineering of the Space, Telecommunications, and Radioscience Laboratory at Stanford University.

Ronald Newbold Bracewell (* 22. Juli 1921 in Sydney; † 12. August 2007 in Stanford) war ein australischer Elektroingenieur, Mathematiker, Physiker und Radioastronom. Er war Professor an der Stanford University.


History.

In April 2012, the regional government chose the French architectural bureau Wilmotte & Associes, SA stadium construction project. The project itself is worth $720 million. 50% of the sum will be allocated from the federal budget, and the other half from the regional budget. Construction began soon after. It is worth noting that the stadium after the 2018 World Cup will become a 25,000-seat venue. To accommodate this downsizing, a part of the roof was removed.  At the end of October 2012 the regional authorities announced an open competition to develop the project and working documents for the World Cup stadium. The winner was Mostovik. At the beginning of March 2013, Mostovik published a stadium sketch, which received the working title of "Arena Baltika".  In June 2014 the Omsk Arbitration Court declared "Mostovik" bankrupt and, in March 2015, termination of the contract with the company began. On 1 April 2014 a government order published by the government declared the appointment of ZAO "Crocus International" as the sole executor of the Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation for the works on the construction. The state contract was signed between the Government of the Kaliningrad Oblast and Crocus International "to develop the project and working documentation on the design of the stadium".  On 10 June 2015 it was reported that the stadium project was sent to the state examination. On 20 July, the layout of the stadium was presented.  At first, regional authorities considered the option with the construction of new sports facilities in the city center, on the place of the current Baltika Stadium. Finally, in December 2014 it was announced that Oktyabrsky Island will be the location of the new stadium, even though it is often under threat of flooding and work on it requires additional financial investments.  On 10 August 2015, it became known that the stadium would be named "Stadium Kaliningrad" or in the English version, Kaliningrad Stadium.

Construction.

Soil compaction work was completed in December 2014. Preparation work for construction of the infrastructure started in January 2015. Testing for the stadium piles and foundation began in July of that year.

Services for Fans.

The following services are available to fans visiting the Kaliningrad Stadium: Moreover, an accessible sector at the stadium offers special seating options for people with disabilities, with comfortable accommodation for wheelchair users and their accompanying persons.

Safety and Security.

The stadium is equipped with alarm and public alert systems, metal detectors, indicators of hazardous liquids and explosives, and it will be serviced by 30 24-hour security posts.

Work on consolidation and drainage of Oktyabrsky Island.

Natural weak soils were stabilized and work was completed at the site measuring 43.75 hectares by September 2016. The area measuring 20.02 hectares by 33.85 hectares was filled and soil compacted.  During excavation, some pre-war buildings' infrastructure was found which was not marked on the topographic survey. These issues have been dealt with in an expeditious manner. The project includes construction of the overpass East from Oktyabrsky island and from the street.

Kaliningrad Stadium (, "Stadion Kaliningrad"), also called Arena Baltika, is a football stadium on Oktyabrsky Island, Kaliningrad, Russia, which hosted four games of the 2018 FIFA World Cup. It will also host FC Baltika Kaliningrad of the Russian Football National League, replacing Baltika Stadium.

Das Kaliningrad-Stadion (), auch Arena Baltika genannt, ist ein Fußballstadion in der russischen Stadt Kaliningrad (die bis 1945 deutsche Stadt trug bis 1946 den Namen Königsberg). Die Anlage war einer der Austragungsorte der Fußball-Weltmeisterschaft 2018 und löste das Baltika-Stadion als Spielstätte des Fußballclubs Baltika Kaliningrad ab.


History.

The Auvernier–Pontarlier line was opened on 25 July 1860. Even during the construction, there were disputes where the Neuchâtel railway station should lie. An already built section was abandoned and used instead for the La Chaux-de-Fonds–Neuchâtel railway. The line to the frontier station at Les Verrières belonged to the Franco-Swiss Company ("Compagnie Franco-Suisse", FS) and the section from Les Verrières to Pontarlier belonged to the French Chemins de fer de Paris à Lyon et à la Méditerranée (PLM). The section to Auvernier was built as part of the Neuchâtel–Vaumarcus line opened by FS on 7 November 1859. Initially, the PLM was responsible for the operation of the whole line. The railway played an important role in the Franco-Prussian War, when during January and February 1871, the French Armée de l'Est with 87,000 men under General Bourbaki retreated into Switzerland and were disarmed and interned in Les Verrières. On 22 March when the interned troops were released and were being repatriated by train a collision occurred due to an incorrect setting of points at Colombier. The driver and 22 internees were killed and 72 soldiers were injured, some seriously. The Swiss section was transferred as a result of a merger on 1 January 1872 to the Western Swiss Railways ("Chemins de fer de la Suisse Occidentale", SO) on 28 June 1881 and to the Western Switzerland–Simplon Company (Suisse-Occidentale–Simplon, SOS) and on 1 January 1890 to the Jura–Simplon Railway (Jura-Simplon-Bahn, JS). Due to the nationalisation of the JS on 1 May 1903, the Swiss part of the line was transferred to the Swiss Federal Railways (SBB), which has operated the line electrically at 15,000 V 16.7 Hz since 22 November 1942. Steam locomotives of the Société nationale des chemins de fer français (SNCF) took over the operation of trains in Les Verrières for the time being. The French section of the line was nationalised along with the rest of the PLM on 1 January 1938 and integrated into the SNCF. To speed up the electrification of Les Verrières via Pontarlier to Dole, SNCF received financial support from Switzerland. The section from Les Verrières to Pontarlier has been equipped since 3 June 1956 with the Swiss power system of 15,000 V 16.7 Hz so that the Swiss traction can run through to Pontarlier. Electrical operations commenced with 25,000 V 50 Hz on the line from Pontarlier to Dole on 25 April 1958.

Route description.

Trains travelling to the Val de Travers use the Jura Foot Railway running towards Yverdon as far as Auvernier. The line then runs through the vineyards up to Bôle and provides a good view of Lake Neuchâtel. Continuing up the Areuse gorge, the line passes between rocks and over numerous bridges. Regional trains cross in Champ-du-Moulin station, where it is possible to see the famous Creux du Van. The line continues via Noiraigue to Travers, where most of the trains operated by Transports Régionaux Neuchâtelois branch off on the line to Buttes. The line continues to Pontarlier, past the former stations of Couvet CFF, Boveresse and Les Bayards. All passenger trains pass through Les Verrières without stopping; the border station serves only goods traffic. The trains continue to Pontarlier on French soil, but still using the Swiss electrical system. The electrification changes in Pontarlier station from the Swiss to the French system.

Operations.

Three RegioExpress services run each day on the Bern–Neuchâtel–Frasne route with stops in Neuchâtel and Pontarlier, connecting in Frasne with the TGV Lyria trains on the Lausanne–Dijon–Paris Gare de Lyon route. It is operated by SBB Regional using RBDe 562 sets. In 2018, Regio services, operated in collaboration with "Transports Régionaux Neuchâtelois" (TRN), ran every 30 minutes on the Neuchâtel–Travers section, continuing over the "Régional du Val-de-Travers" line to Fleurier and Buttes. During peak hours, additional services run, using TRN RABe 527 sets and SBB Domino trains. The Les Verrières–Pontarlier section is the only line that is operated by the French infrastructure manager RFF that is electrified on the 15,000 V 16.7 Hz system. It is therefore used for test runs of multi-system rolling stock. As a result, the four-system Thalys high-speed sets and a variant of the Prima electric locomotive were tested on it under 16.7 Hz power when new.

The Neuchâtel–Pontarlier railway, also known as the Val-de-Travers line or the Franco-Suisse (Franco-Swiss) line, is a single-track standard-gauge railway line run by the Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) and the French public railway infrastructure company Réseau ferré de France (RFF).

Die Bahnstrecke Neuchâtel–Pontarlier, auch als Val-de-Travers-Linie oder Franco-Suisse-Linie bezeichnet, ist eine eingleisige normalspurige Eisenbahnstrecke der Schweizerischen Bundesbahnen (SBB) und des staatlichen französischen Schieneninfrastrukturunternehmens Réseau ferré de France (RFF).


Development.

Feo Aladag came up with the idea of making a film about German soldiers in Afghanistan when she saw a newspaper photograph showing a German soldier in Afghanistan back in 2002/3.  It seemed unfair to her how the work of German soldiers was being reflected in German society she describes in an interview with the magazine "Indie Wire": "Too much of too unreflected "United We Stand" makes me shiver, but too little respect for commitment and bravery make me feel worse. [...] It seemed time to shift perspective and move beyond the trauma. It's vital to communicate, to tell stories, to trigger some sort of dialogue and empathy by generating options of identification".  Aladag's research began with lots of reading about the German army and Afghanistan. During research, she made three trips to Afghanistan, each time for two to three weeks. She lived with German soldiers, went out on patrols with them, made contact with the locals and started listening to their stories. Like the one of the 18-year-old Afghan main actor Mohsin Ahmady who does not know his exact date of birth and has had first-hand experience of what it means to grow up in Afghanistan: In 2002, while still a pupil at the Gore Mar High School, he had to deal with the death of his father. Since then, as an eldest son, he has worked in order to earn money for his family and taken every opportunity to advance his education.

Filming locations.

"Inbetween Worlds" was shot primarily on location in northern Afghanistan, in and around the cities of Mazar-e-Sharif and Kunduz. This was necessary for the highest authenticity in environment, cast and atmosphere. Director Aladag said "I didn’t want a German Turk speaking a fantasy dialect in Morocco". Shooting locations in Germany were North Rhine Westphalia and Lower Saxony.

Critical reception.

Deborah Young describes in "The Hollywood Reporter" that the "territories are bound to appreciate the realism and muscular shooting by a woman director and crew (shades of Kathryn Bigelow and Zero Dark Thirty) on location in northern Afghanistan" and that "the immediacy and tension with which Aladag conveys the daily life of the soldiers is something to take home".  Guy Lodge writes in the "Variety" that the film "is a sensitive corrective to more partisan war dramas" and that the "film's visual palette, as well as its marriage of classic melodrama with contempo grit, is most strongly reminiscent of Susanne Bier's earlier work; if seen in the right places, it’s slick enough to potentially secure her an English-language assignment".  Fionnuala Halliganut wrote in "Screen Daily" that "Inbetween Worlds" is a "nuanced story, stylishly shot with a good deal of integrity", which '"should attract international arthouse audiences intrigued by the added weight of a German military presence in a modern battle zone".

Inbetween Worlds () is a 2014 German drama film produced, written and directed by Feo Aladag. The film tells the story of a friendship between the German soldier Jesper and his young Afghan interpreter Tarik. Both men are confronted with the adversities between their diverging cultures, their set of values as well as the risk of the international engagement in the Hindukush.

Zwischen Welten ist ein Filmdrama aus dem Jahr 2014 von Feo Aladag mit Ronald Zehrfeld und Mohsin Ahmady in den Hauptrollen. Der Film feierte am 11. Februar 2014 seine Weltpremiere im Rahmen des Wettbewerbs der Internationalen Filmfestspiele Berlin 2014.


Personal history.

Cundy was born in Wisbech, Cambridgeshire to Alan, a fitter-welder, and Ann, an accountancy clerk. He grew up in Norfolk along with his younger brother Ashley. Cundy was born with a deformed foot, which was amputated when he was three years old.

Swimming career.

When Cundy was aged 10, his parents met a disabled girl's parents and they discussed disability swimming. After some research, Cundy's parents decided to get him involved. Cundy showed early potential, breaking swimming records for his age group. After become a leading member of his local King's Lynn club's team, he made his international debut at the Swimming World Championships in Malta in 1994. "I was," he recalls, "a rank outsider. I knocked four seconds off my personal best and won the world 100m butterfly title at the first attempt." But he was, he says, "never a naturally gifted swimmer. I don't have the build. I just worked very hard: 10 or 11 two-hour sessions in the pool each week, and weights and core strength work – 30 hours-plus a week." He later became a top athlete, and represented Great Britain three times in swimming at the Paralympic Games from 1996 to 2004, winning three gold and two bronze medals. After a 2004 Athens Paralympic Games that landed him a "not great" bronze, Cundy joined the high-performance swimming centre at Swansea.

Cycling career.

In 2006, he switched from swimming to cycling, competing at international events in the C4 disability category. Winning gold in the kilo in his debut at the 2006 world championships, he repeated this feat in 2007 and 2009 also taking the team sprint title at both events. Since switching to cycling he has been based in Manchester where he trains with the Great Britain Cycling squad.  Representing Great Britain at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, Cundy broke the world record on the way to winning the gold in the 1km Time Trial with a time of 1 minute 5.466 seconds. This made him one of only a handful of athletes that have become Paralympic champion in two different sports.  Cundy was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2009 New Year Honours.  He was selected for the Great Britain team at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. He was expected to win gold in the C4/5 Men's 1 km time trial, but slipped shortly after starting, ostensibly due to the starting gate not working properly, gripping his wheel for too long. The technical delegate of the International Cycling Union, Louis Barbeau, disagreed, refusing him a restart. Cundy then erupted into a rage, swearing and throwing water bottles. He later apologised to the crowd, though made clear that he still disagreed with the decision. He won bronze in the C4/5 men's 4 km pursuit, racing Diego Gomez of Colombia. In the first kilometre of the race, he clocked a time of 1:05.317 in the heats, which would have won the 1 km time trial.  He is the fastest solo Paralympian of all time, completing the flying 200m in a time of 10.805 seconds (66.635 km/h).  On 12 October 2012, Cundy was awarded an Honorary Doctorate from Anglia Ruskin University with a ceremony at the Cambridge Corn Exchange.  Cundy aimed to qualify for the England team for the 2014 Commonwealth Games, however he abandoned this hope after placing fifth among English competitors and eighth overall in the 1km time trial at the 2013 British National Track Championships, despite setting a new personal best and a world record for the C4 category. Subsequently he won gold at the 2014 UCI Para-cycling Track World Championships in Aguascalientes in the C4 1 km time trial, earning his ninth world title and breaking his own world record with a time of 1:01.466.  In October 2014, Cundy was admitted to hospital with low blood pressure and cold or flu symptoms. Eventually diagnosed with Epiglottitis, Cundy was placed in an ICU unit and discharged 14 days later. Had he not had been in hospital the doctors believe this infection would have been fatal, he made a fast recovery and raced a few months later at the 2015 Newport Paracycling International where he again went undefeated and set a new PB, against all the odds.  More recently in 2015 and 2016 Cundy still remains undefeated in the 1 km TT, making it 10 years unbeaten on the track at the World Track Championships with the only missing medal being that of London 2012 with the controversial DNF. In addition to his 2016 Kilo Gold Medal, Jody Cundy became a double world champion with British Cycling teams mates Louis Rolfe and Jon-Allan Butterworth winning in a new world record time at the World Championships in Montichari, Italy in March. Since then it has now been officially announced that Cundy will be travelling to Rio for his sixth Paralympic Games.  Currently sponsors OSSUR are creating a new leg for the 2016 Paralympics and Jody is rumoured to be looking into a new customer design with good humour and replacing his trademark Union Jack prosthetic.  At the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio, Cundy regained his Kilo Paralympic title in a new Paralympic record of 1:04.492 which when factored for C4 athletes gave a winning time of 1:02.473 In the final track cycling event of the 2016 Summer Paralympics Jody teamed up with Louis Rolfe and Jon-Allan Butterworth to take the Mixed Team Sprint C1-5 gold medal in a world-record time of 48.635.  Cundy was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2017 New Year Honours for services to cycling and swimming.

Jody Alan Cundy OBE (born 14 October 1978) is an English cyclist and former swimmer. He has represented Great Britain at six Summer Paralympics winning seven gold medals across swimming and cycling events. He has also competed in multiple World Championships, winning 22 medals.

Jody Cundy, OBE (* 14. Oktober 1978 in Wisbech) ist ein britischer Behindertensportler, der im Schwimm- sowie im Radsport aktiv ist. Er startet in der Paracycling-Kategorie C4.


Plot.

The series takes place on and around the planet Pac-World as well as its Nether-World, where time passes at an Earth-like rate of 24 hours a day and 365 days a year, also having a 7-day week. Pac-Man and his best friends Spiral and Cylindria attend Maze School, a boarding school located within the city of Pacopolis. They help to protect citizens from the threat of Ghosts after the seal that locked up the Netherworld was accidentally opened by Pac at the time he was avoiding the school bully Skeebo. Ghosts are able to possess Pac-Worlder bodies although only for a time limit of a few minutes unless aided by Dr. Buttocks technology. Victims of possession usually are apparent by a red-eyed glow although this too can be prevented with Buttocks technology.  Pac-Man also has four friendly ghosts (Blinky, Pinky, Inky and Clyde) that surrendered and vowed to help him along his voyage (in exchange for being restored to the living world). Pac-Man vows to stop Betrayus and the ghosts (or any other bad guy) from taking over Pac-World while searching for his long-lost parents. He has the unique ability to eat ghosts and destroy the ectoplasm that makes up most of their bodies. Only their eyeballs survive, which he spits out. They reform their bodies using a regeneration chamber. The ghosts continually attack the city to locate the Repository, a storage chamber for the corporeal bodies of the ghosts which would allow them to live again if they possessed them. It is kept hidden to deny them this freedom and only President Spheros and Pac-Man are aware of its location. The ghosts also attack the Tree of Life to prevent Pac-Man from gaining powers to fight them. Without the power-berries, Pac-Man is not able to fly, or breathe in the Netherworld.

DVD releases.

Australian releases.

There have been two DVD releases in Australia. These were released in Australia on October 2, 2013. The current releases in Australia are:

North American releases.

On January 7, 2014, in North America, there were four DVD releases. "The Adventure Begins" DVD only contains the first episode, whereas the other three DVDs contain four episodes each:

Redbox exclusives.

Two additional DVDs each with three episodes, were released exclusively to Redbox:  Another DVD titled "Pac-Man and the Ghostly Adventures: Pac To The Future" was released exclusively to Redbox Canada.

Video games.

Several video games based on the show have been developed. An endless runner for iOS and Android titled "Pac-Man Dash!" was released in July 2013. This is also hosted for free in Canada on the CHRGD website. In 2017 "Bandai Namco Entertainment" decided to discontinue "Pac-Man Dash!" & remove it permanently from the Apple Store & Android Market  A 3D platformer with the same name as the TV series was released for Wii U, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and Windows PC in late 2013, accompanied by a 2D platformer for the Nintendo 3DS shortly after. A sequel was released in October 2014. Characters from the show have also appeared in the compilation release for PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and Windows PC, titled "Pac-Man Museum".

Release.

"Pac-Man and the Ghostly Adventures" debuted on June 15, 2013, on Disney XD USA and March 17, 2014, on Disney XD Canada. It moved over to Family Chrgd on October 9, 2015. In the Philippines, it aired on Disney Channel on March 3 and ended on October 30, 2014, to give way for the special programming of "Monstober". It returned to air on March 2, 2015. On May 7, 2019, more than a month after KidsClick's demise, Discovery Family premiered the series on November 16, 2019 as part of a distribution deal with 41 Entertainment.

Pac-Man and the Ghostly Adventures, also known as, was an American-Canadian-Japanese computer-animated comedy-adventure television series featuring Namco's classic video game character Pac-Man. It is produced by 41 Entertainment, Arad Productions and Bandai Namco Entertainment for Tokyo MX (stereo version), BS11 (stereo version) and Disney XD (bilingual version).

Pac-Man und die Geisterabenteuer (Originaltitel: "Pac-Man and the Ghostly Adventures"), auch PAC-MAN und die Geisterabenteuer, ist eine computeranimierte Fernsehserie, die im Auftrag der Fernsehsender Disney XD, Tokyo MX und BS11 von 41 Entertainment, Arad Productions Inc. und Namco Bandai Games produziert wird. Die Erstausstrahlung in den Vereinigten Staaten erfolgte am 15. Juni 2013 auf Disney XD. In Japan startete die Serie am 5. April 2014 auf Tokyo MX und BS11. Seit dem 19. April 2014 wird die Serie hierzulande auf Disney XD ausgestrahlt. Im Free-TV läuft die Serie seit dem 1. November 2014 im frei empfangbaren Disney Channel.


Career.

Junior and early career.

Jarry reached the final of the 2013 French Open in boy's doubles, partnering with Cristian Garín were defeated by Kyle Edmund and Frederico Ferreira Silva. He ended the year no. 18 in junior rankings.  Jarry was called for the Chile Davis Cup team for the first time in September 2013 in the rubber against Dominican Republic. Chile lost and was relegated to the Group II of Americas Zone.

2015–16: Pro debut, top 200 and constant injuries.

In February 2015 Jarry played his first match on an ATP tournament, after qualifying in the 2015 Ecuador Open Quito. Nicolás won his first match against local Gonzalo Escobar, but in second round lost to Dusan Lajovic. The points of this tournament helped him reach a top 200 position in the ranking ATP, but through the year he lost positions for constant injuries.  At the end of 2016, Jarry won three ITF Futures in his home country (two of them in consecutive weeks), ending the year as no. 330.

2017: Three Challengers, Grand Slam debut and top 100.

Jarry started his 2017 with a final in Morelos Open challenger, and another one in Santiago. After these two lost finals, he was able to enter the qualifying competition for the 2017 French Open, where he won all the matches and entered the main tournament. In his first match in a Grand Slam, he lost in four sets to Karen Khachanov. Nicolás repeated the success in the qualifying competition for 2017 Wimbledon Championships, reaching the main draw and losing to Gilles Simon in straight sets.  In the second half of the year, Nicolás won three challenger tournaments: at Medellín, Quito, and Santiago. With these titles, Nicolás ended the year as no. 100.

2018: First ATP finals and top 40.

Jarry entered a Grand Slam main draw directly for the first time in 2018 Australian Open, but lost in straight sets to Leonardo Mayer. After Australia, Nicolás played for Chile in Davis Cup competition, winning his two singles matches against Ecuador and partnering with Hans Podlipnik for a victory in doubles, resulting in a 3–1 win for Chile. The next week, Nicolás took part of 2018 Ecuador Open Quito, where he reached quarterfinals of an ATP Tour tournament for the first time. Jarry repeated the partnership with Podlipnik in the doubles tournament, and they won the championship, a maiden ATP title for both.  Two weeks after Quito, Nicolás surpassed his best results at the 2018 Rio Open, reaching his first semifinal of an ATP tournament, but losing against eventual champion Diego Schwartzman. The next tournament, he reached his first ATP final at the 2018 Brasil Open. He lost in the final to Fabio Fognini. This effort took him to career best ranking of world No. 61.  After reaching the quarterfinals at the 2018 Estoril Open and losing in the first round of the 2018 French Open, Nicolás won his first match in a Grand Slam at 2018 Wimbledon, defeating 28th seed Filip Krajinovic in four sets. He lost to Mackenzie McDonald in five sets in the second round. Few weeks later at the 2018 German Open quarterfinals, Jarry had the best win of his career at the moment, toppling top seed Dominic Thiem in straight sets before losing in the semifinals.  In the following months, Jarry had good runs in small tournaments, reaching semifinals in 2018 German Open and in 2018 Generali Open Kitzbühel, and quarterfinals in 2018 Winston-Salem Open. With these results, Jarry jumped to the no.42 in the rankings. In his first US Open, he reached second round in singles and quarterfinals in doubles. After the US Open, the only notable result for Jarry was reaching third round of 2018 Shanghai Masters, where he defeated Marin Čilić in three sets in second round, having the best win of his career yet. He lost to Kyle Edmund in the following round. With the points of this achievement, weeks later he would get to world No. 39.

2019: First ATP title.

Jarry lost in four sets to Leonardo Mayer in their second consecutive first round match at Australian Open. Nicolás won his two singles points against Jurij Rodionov and Dennis Novak in the series of Chile against Austria for 2019 Davis Cup; with another win from Cristian Garín, the chilean team earned their spot at the 2019 Davis Cup Finals, at the end of the year.  At third round of the 2019 Barcelona Open, Jarry defeated 2nd seed and then ATP Ranking #3 Alexander Zverev in three sets, marking a new best win of his career. Nicolás lost in the following round to Daniil Medvedev. One month later, Jarry and Zverev would clash again in the final of the 2019 Geneva Open, extending again the match until the tie break of the third set, but Zverev emerged victorious 3–6, 6–3, 6–7. The following week, Jarry lost in first round of the 2019 French Open in four sets to 8th seed Juan Martín del Potro.  After a regular grass season which featured the quarter-finals in the 2019 Rosmalen Grass Court Championships and wins over Stefanos Tsitsipas and Pablo Cuevas, Jarry went back to clay in July. In the 2019 Swedish Open, he lifted his first ATP title after defeating Henri Laaksonen, Mikael Ymer, Jérémy Chardy, Federico Delbonis and Juan Ignacio Londero without losing a single set, completing the best week of his career so far and reaching a new career-high ranking of 38.

2020: Provisional suspension.

During the Davis Cup Finals in late 2019, Jarry tested positive for Ligandrol and Stanozolol. He has been suspended from competition as of 14 January 2020.

Performance timelines.

"Current through the 2019 Shanghai Rolex Masters."

Records against other players.

Record against No. 11-20 players.

Jarry's record against players who have been ranked world No. 11-20:

Nicolás Jarry Fillol (;, ; born 11 October 1995) is a professional tennis player from Chile. He has won one tournament in singles and two in doubles on the ATP Tour. He achieved his highest ATP singles ranking of 38 in July 2019, after clinching his first ATP title in Bastad. His highest doubles ranking of 40 was achieved in March 2019.

Nicolás Jarry Fillol (* 11. Oktober 1995 in Santiago de Chile) ist ein chilenischer Tennisspieler. Er ist ein Enkel des Tennisspielers Jaime Fillol.


History.

Send appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as "Sande". It was held by Rainald (Reginald) from Alvred de Merleburgh (Marlborough). Its Domesday assets were: 20 hides; 1 church, 10 ploughs, 2 mills worth £1 3s 6d, 5 fisheries worth 4s 6d, of meadow, woodland for 160 hogs. It was headed by 41 households and had additionally fifteen serfs, although whether they had households or not is uncertain. It rendered £15 10s 0d per year to its overlords. In this case the manorial lords were simply recorded as Herbert; Reginald son of Erchenbald; and Walter, seemingly Anglo-Saxon. It was held at the time of the Norman Conquest by Karli of Norton.  The parish saw a little-known skirmish. On 14 June 1497 the first Cornish Rebellion was launched against Henry VII; the rebels were marching from Cornwall to Kent unbeknown to the King, and after passing Guildford they had a skirmish with some of the outposted royal troops on the road from Guildford to London. The troops fell back or were outmanoeuvred, for they had lost the rebels on the 16th and were looking for them on the Portsmouth Road again near Kingston when they were actually on the border of Kent. Old maps mark the place where the road crosses the stream which joins the Wey near Send as St. Thomas's Waterings.  Ripley was, at the time of the Domesday Book, a hamlet of Send. In 1878 Ripley gained its own parish. The earliest official record, such as a Patent Roll, revealing its manor's existence is in 1279. Growth in ambition of the local nobility coupled with a large enough population led to the first place of worship being built at Ripley, to become a chapelry to St Mary the Virgin, around the year 1160.  Brickfields were developed in the south of Send by the 1870s, and continued to be worked until at least 1911.  The Leese baronets "of Sendholme in Send in the County of Surrey", who lived at the large house of that name in the village, bore a title created in 1908 for Joseph Leese, Liberal Member of Parliament for Accrington from 1892 to 1910. The third Baronet was a Lieutenant-General in the Coldstream Guards and served as Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Land Forces in South-East Asia from 1944 to 1945 and as General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of the Eastern Command from 1945 to 1946.  Send was the base of the defunct 1950s Formula One and sports car constructor Connaught Engineering.

Geography and transport.

Send is a lightly dispersed village centred south-west from Charing Cross and south-west of junction 10 of the M25 and has a developed clustered centre on the old course of the Portsmouth Road which bisects the highest settled part of the village, Burntcommon, which is on the start of rise of the London Clay. This road was relieved by the construction of a six-lane bypass, part of the A3 trunk road, which now forms the long south-east border of the village. The other principle road is the A247 Woking to West Clandon road which passes through the village from north to south.  The parish is bounded to the west and part of its northern side by the River Wey, which is controlled by sluices and has been expanded in capacity by a navigable channel running alongside, the Wey Navigation.  The nearest railway stations are at West Clandon, on the New Guildford Line, and Woking, on the South West Main Line, which offers frequent semi-fast and fast services to London as opposed to stopping services.

Soil.

Send is on a gently rising patch of Bagshot Sand, with Cartbridge, like Ripley, on sand and gravel of the lower Wey Valley; a southern part of the parish is on generally higher still London Clay.

Elevation.

Elevations range from Above Ordnance Datum in the south to at the far northern border on the Wey Navigation.

Localities.

Cartbridge.

Cartbridge is a mostly amorphous locality that covers the western end of the village's main street, particularly where it turns to the north towards Woking.

Send Marsh.

The neighbourhood is contiguous with the clustered, built-up estates of Boughton Court Avenue and the Portsmouth Road forming Burntcommon. For census analyses of the largest neighbourhoods in Surrey, in 2001 the county council opted to consider Burntcommon as a non-notable locality jointly with Send Marsh. On this basis its population at the United Kingdom Census 2001 was almost half of the village as a whole, at 1,937.  Send Marsh has Send's Grade II listed late 17th century manor house by the village green. It is built of brown brick in English bond. The hamlet has one public house, called the "Saddlers Arms", but no shops or church.  Unusually for Guildford schools it is within the admission priority area of Guildford's George Abbot School most years and the boundaries have not to date excluded it to be replaced by for instance closer areas of north-western Guildford.

Burntcommon.

Burntcommon is a locality of Send that directly adjoins Send Marsh. Its nearest town is Woking, which lies approximately north-west.

Amenities.

Health and well-being.

The small Send Surgery on Send Road next to the Church Rooms closed in 2003 and reopened on Send Barns Lane as the modern Villages Medical Centre serving 7,000 people in Send, Ripley and the surrounding villages. The old surgery is now occupied by a beauty treatment business. The Old Hall, on Send Marsh Road, is now a residential care home.

Businesses.

The main route through the community runs NE/SW, the A247 Send Road, along which are scattered the shops, businesses and facilities.  These include the post office, a takeaway, diving shop/centre, a fireplace outlet, an independent funerals firm, a hairdressers, a microscope and measuring devices manufacturer, Ghost Production Studios, based at the Old Riding Stables on Send Hill, have worked with several well-known clients, including Paul Connelly, Ben Lovejoy, Sue Macmillan, Social, Satellite State, Go West, Tony Hadley, Heat Wave, Charlie Morgan, Mark Brizickey, Adam Wakeman, Victoria Beckham, Elton John, and Draven.

Recreation.

Send has a recreation ground, the Lancaster Hall and the Church Rooms. There are two pubs in the village: "The New Inn" in Cartbridge, adjacent to the Wey Navigation and "The Saddlers Arms" in Send Marsh.

Schools.

Send National School, off Send Hill, was built in 1834 and enlarged in 1892. When the school closed, the building was converted to residential use. It is now known as The Old School.  Send Church of England Central School was built in 1939 but, with war imminent, its opening was delayed until 1941 in case the building was required for military use. During the planning process questions were raised in the House of Commons about the provision of adequate drainage. Initially conceived as a secondary school, it was built on a large plot of land with space for facilities including a light engineering workshop, a carpentry room, a domestic science room and a gymnasium, in addition to a vast playing field. Over time it became known as St Bede's and, from 1972, was relaunched as a middle school. Facilities grew to include two outdoor swimming pools.  Send Church of England (Foundation) First School was built in 1958.  Send's two schools formed the Federation of Send Church of England Schools on 29 March 2012.  Under its final title, St Bede's Church of England (Aided) Junior School buildings were demolished in Summer 2017 and a replacement building for 7– to 11-year-olds was erected on the Send First School site on Send Barns Lane.

Religion.

Church of England.

Send parish church is dedicated to St Mary the Virgin and dates from around 1220. The nave was rebuilt and the tower added in around 1485. New kitchen and toilet facilities were completed in 2002. A York stone path was laid in the churchyard in 2003. The church is a Grade II* listed building and is the oldest building still in use in Send. In January 2008 the church was voted Visitor/Leisure Attraction of the Year in the Guildford "Life with Style" awards, attracting 75% of the votes and beating the Royal Horticultural Society gardens at Wisley, Watts Gallery, Guildford Tour Guides and Surrey Hills Llamas. In October 2008 the church received the Mayor of Guildford's Award for Access.

Roman Catholicism.

St William of York (RC) church closed in 2007.

Evangelical.

Send Evangelical Church opened in May 1974 using the former Congregational chapel in Cartbridge, built in 1875.

War memorials.

Send has three such memorials.  A Celtic-style stone cross next to the Church Rooms on Send Road rises above these inscriptions: "1914–1918 In memory of the men of this village who at the call of duty gave their lives their country. Faithful unto death." The names of the fallen are:  A brick memorial mounted with a wrought iron "1914 1918" in the recreation ground near the corner of Send Road and Sandy Lane bears the words: "This recreation ground was purchased by public subscription and was opened on 1 June 1920 for the benefits of the inhabitants of Send as a memorial to the sailors and soldiers who fell and in grateful recognition of those in the village who took part in the Great War of 1914–1918. Trustees: S. S. Boorman, A. H. Lancaster, J. A. Shirer, W. M. Grant, F. W. Morgan Jones, W. G. Whitbourn."  A stone tablet on the north wall of the nave inside the parish church bears this inscription: "The peal of six bells was hung as a memorial to those of this parish who lost their lives in two world wars and as a thank offering for victory." The names listed are the same as on the Celtic-cross memorial but with the addition of five people "killed by enemy action": V. Bowers, H. C. Parsons, H. E. Privett, M. J. Privett and V. Privett. Members of the Privett family were killed on 21 August 1944 by the explosion of a V1 flying bomb which landed on their home at Burnt Common Cottages.

Demography and housing.

The United Kingdom Census 2011 reported Send's population to be 4,245, an increase of 107 since the 2001 census. The number of households was 1,665, an increase of 42 since the 2001 census. Of the accommodation in the region, 28% was composed of detached houses, and 22.6% was composed of apartments. The proportion of households in the civil parish who owned their home outright compares to the regional average of 35.1%. The proportion who owned their home with a loan compares to the regional average of 32.5%. The remaining % is made up of rented dwellings (plus a negligible % of households living rent-free).

Occupations.

The high street provides some professional occupations and technical businesses, the schools and nearby prison form most of the government merit services; other occupations existing in the parish include manufacturing, agriculture and food and leisure-related categories of employment. Nonetheless, the village demographically has a very high proportion of professionals and in relation to these, it is part of the London Commuter Belt, with the City of London being the main destination by train from Woking. The nearest entertainment and large retail premises are in Woking. A former landfill in Send is a 20 hectare plantation of short rotation coppice willow. Occupations of the 2,114 workers between the ages of 16 and 74 were broken down in the 2011 census as follows:

Population over time.

Data for 1801–1961 is available at Britain Through Time. The loss of Ripley in 1878 ecclesiastically and in 1933 as a secular administrative unit (civil parish) represented almost half of the land area of the village.

Popular culture.

Music.

The Send Barns Orchestra, conducted by Jeremy Gilbert, are credited on the 1977 Anthony Phillips album "The Geese and the Ghost", large parts of which were recorded at his home in Send.

Film location.

In 1969, a scene for The Telling Bone episode of Catweazle, featuring Geoffrey Bayldon, filmed two backgrounds in Send: Church Lane using the lych gate and Send Parish Church and 1 Heath Farm Cottages, Tannery Lane as "Sam's Cottage". "Sam Woodyard" was played by Neil McCarthy. In 1999, scenes for The Mrs Bradley Mysteries, starring Dame Diana Rigg and Neil Dudgeon, were filmed in the churchyard.  In April 2009, scenes for a BBC Drama production of Jane Austen's "Emma", adapted by Sandy Welch and starring Romola Garai, Michael Gambon, Jonny Lee Miller, Blake Ritson, Dan Fredenburgh, Tamsin Greig and Rupert Evans, were filmed in and around Send Parish Church.  In August 2012, Willow Drive was used to film scenes for Cuban Fury, starring Nick Frost.

Prison.

Counterintuitively now named after the village is HMP Send, a women's prison on the site of a former isolation hospital. Following parish area reduction in the south the jail is now in the southern part of the parish of Ripley surrounded by farmland and woodland.

Sport.

Send's local football team is Send United. There is sailing on Papercourt Lake, which is owned by Papercourt Sailing Club. There is fishing on the River Wey and in the nearby sandpits.  The Concorde Cricket Club, formerly the British Aerospace Cricket Club, is based at Sendholme on Potters Lane. Sendholme was the home of William Hargreaves Leese, who played for the Marylebone Cricket Club in the late 19th century.

Military residents and events.

Lieutenant-General William Evelyn Colonel of the 29th Foot in the British Army and Member of Parliament for Helston (1767–74), a son of Sir John Evelyn of Wotton, established his home at Send Grove, Church Lane, and he laid out the grounds. On his death, in 1783, it was bought by Admiral Sir Francis William Drake, Governor of Newfoundland (1750–1752), second in command to Rodney in his victory of 1782 over De Grasse. As Rear-Admiral, Drake flew his flag on HMS "Victory" from 26 September to 29 December 1780.  Flight Lieutenant Robin R Skene, one of the first members of the Royal Flying Corps, was buried in the churchyard after crashing in his Blériot monoplane shortly after take-off from Netheravon, Wiltshire, in 1914 on 12 August "en route" to Dover and France at the start of the First World War. He and mechanic R. Barlow were the first members of the Royal Flying Corps to die on active duty and among the first British casualties of the war.

Flooding.

Following flooding in the east of Send Marsh in 2000, when 16 properties were flooded to a depth of 1m, causing £600,000 of damage, a five-month Environment Agency (EA) scheme costing £400,000 began in February 2007 to reduce the risk from the East Clandon stream. The stream was diverted in the 1870s for brick-making and could revert to its original course when flooded. Demonstrated by the relatively few properties affected, almost all built-up areas in the parish are not subject to flood risk according to EA data.

Send is a village and civil parish in the Guildford borough of the English county of Surrey. Send acquired its name during the Great Vowel Shift from the word sand, which was extracted at various periods until the 1990s for construction and other purposes at pits in the outskirts of the parish. The north of Send is at the southern-eastern edge of the Bagshot Formation.

Send ist ein Dorf in der Grafschaft Surrey im Süden Englands. Der Ort im Borough of Guildford war von 1948 bis 1959 Sitz des Rennautoherstellers Connaught Engineering, bei dem u. a. Bernie Ecclestone als Fahrer tätig war.


Synopsis.

The novel focuses on Maurice Bendrix, a rising writer during the Second World War in London, and Sarah Miles, the wife of an impotent civil servant. Bendrix is based on Greene himself, and he reflects often on the act of writing a novel. Sarah is based on Greene's lover at the time, Catherine Walston, to whom the book is dedicated.  Bendrix and Sarah fall in love quickly, but he soon realises that the affair will end as quickly as it began. The relationship suffers from his overt and admitted jealousy. He is frustrated by her refusal to divorce Henry, her amiable but boring husband. When a bomb blasts Bendrix's flat as he is with Sarah, he is nearly killed. After this, Sarah breaks off the affair with no apparent explanation.  Later, Bendrix is still wracked with jealousy when he sees Henry crossing the Common that separates their flats. Henry has finally started to suspect something, and Bendrix decides to go to a private detective to discover Sarah's new lover. Through her diary, he learns that, when she thought he was dead after the bombing, she made a promise to God not to see Bendrix again if He allowed him to live again. Greene describes Sarah's struggles. After her sudden death from a lung infection brought to a climax by walking on the Common in the rain, several miraculous events occur, advocating for some kind of meaningfulness to Sarah's faith. By the last page of the novel, Bendrix came to believe in a God as well.  "The End of the Affair" is the fourth and last of Greene's "Catholic novels".

Critical response.

"The End of the Affair" is often considered among Greene's best novels. Writer Evelyn Waugh favorably reviewed the novel in a September 6, 1951 piece for "The Month" magazine. Waugh would later write, "Mr Greene has chosen another contemporary form, domestic, romantic drama of the type of Brief Encounter, and has transformed that in his own inimitable way." Waugh also noted that the story was “a singularly beautiful and moving one". Alex Preston writing for The Independent had similar praise for Greene's book: "'The End of the Affair' is his masterpiece: an astonishing, painfully moving interrogation of the contradictions in a Catholicism he couldn't live without but struggled to live with."  The novel was chosen by Robert McCrum for his list of the '100 Greatest Novels in English'.  Writer Jonathan Franzen said that he considered E. M. Forster and Graham Greene overrated, in particular highlighting "The End of the Affair". However, he did also comment that he believed that part of the reason for this was his being American, as he said that many authors' brilliance is lost when it crosses the Atlantic. He said that he believed that the effect may have occurred with David Foster Wallace.

Adaptations.

In 1955, the book was made into a film, directed by Edward Dmytryk, with the screenplay adaptation by Lenore J. Coffee. David Lewis was the producer and David E. Rose executive producer. It starred Deborah Kerr as Sarah Miles, Van Johnson as Maurice Bendrix, John Mills as Albert Parkis, and Peter Cushing as Henry Miles.  In 1999, the novel was made into another film ("The End of the Affair"), directed by Neil Jordan. Jordan also wrote the screenplay and produced the film with Stephen Woolley. It starred American actress Julianne Moore as Sarah Miles, English actor Ralph Fiennes as Maurice Bendrix, and Irish actor Stephen Rea as Henry Miles. Julianne Moore was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance.  In 2004, Jake Heggie composed an opera based on the novel. It premiered at the Houston Grand Opera in March of that year, and was subsequently revised into its final form.  In 2011, the novel was adapted into a play by Karla Boos and had its world premiere at Quantum Theatre.  In 2012, an audio edition performed by Colin Firth and produced by Audible.com was released; the recording was recognized as Audiobook of the Year at the Audies Gala in May 2013.  Various websites have suggested that the 2012 Bollywood film "Jab Tak Hai Jaan" might have drawn inspiration from the novel.  The Italian band Daisy Chains has released an album titled "A Story Has No Beginning or End", which is the first line of the novel, and the album's second track is titled "The End of the Affair".  The book also inspired the 2014 song "End of the Affair" by English singer-songwriter Ben Howard, from his album "I Forgot Where We Were".  The book was the inspiration for the 2020 song "The End of the Affair" by Laura Marling on her album "Song for Our Daughter".

The End of the Affair (1951) is a novel by British author Graham Greene, as well as the title of two feature films (released in 1955 and 1999) that were adapted from the novel.

Das Ende einer Affäre (Originaltitel "The End of the Affair") ist ein Roman des britischen Schriftstellers Graham Greene aus dem Jahr 1951. Ausgehend von einer außerehelichen Affäre in London während des Zweiten Weltkriegs wirft Greene Fragen nach der Liebe und dem Glauben auf. Der Roman wurde 1955 und 1999 verfilmt.


History.

The area was settled around 1827. The early residents included members of the Ebenezer Society.  Elma was the last town formed in the county. When the time came to put up a post office for the local lumber mill, a resident suggested it be named after a famous large American elm, then growing at the corner of the modern Clinton and Bowen Road. The name was accepted, and after all procedures were carried out, the new Elma Post Office was established in 1852 and began receiving mail three times a week. The town was officially created in 1857 from parts of the towns of Aurora and Lancaster.  Fran Striker, the creator of the Lone Ranger and the Green Hornet, was killed in a car accident here on September 4, 1962, while moving with his family.  After moving back to western New York in 2007, long-time Buffalo Bills running back Thurman Thomas opened Thurman Thomas Sports Training in Elma.

Geography.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of, of which is land and, or 0.03%, is water.  New York State Route 78 makes the west town line. The East Aurora Expressway (New York State Route 400) crosses the town.

Demographics.

As of the census of 2000, there were 11,304 people, 4,186 households, and 3,294 families residing in the town. The population density was 327.7 people per square mile (126.5/km2). There were 4,296 housing units at an average density of 124.5 per square mile (48.1/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 99.09% White, 0.05% African American, 0.05% Native American, 0.27% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.07% from other races, and 0.46% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.60% of the population.  There were 4,186 households, out of which 32.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.0% were married couples living together, 6.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.3% were non-families. 17.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.08.  In the town, the population was spread out with 24.5% under the age of 18, 5.5% from 18 to 24, 26.1% from 25 to 44, 27.9% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.4 males.  The town's median household income was $56,334, and the median family income was $63,922. Males had a median income of $42,679 versus $28,826 for females. The town's per capita income was $25,960. About 2.3% of families and 3.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.4% of those under age 18 and 6.3% of those age 65 or over.

Schools.

Public schools in Elma are under the jurisdiction of the Iroquois Central School District. Iroquois Central Schools consistently enjoys top rank as the 5th or 6th best public school in Western New York. Made up of approximately 3,000 students district-wide, Iroquois divides its students in an unconventional manner, with three primary schools for students in kindergarten through 3rd grade, an intermediate school for students in 4th and 5th grade, a middle school for students from 6th to 8th grade, and a high school for students in 9th to 12th grade.  While the primary schools are in the respective towns indicated by their names (Elma Primary, Marilla Primary, and Wales Primary), the other three schools are on the same expansive campus at 2111 Girdle Road in Elma. The campus is divided such that the high school and middle school are separated by the intermediate school, acting as a buffer between the similar age groups. The three buildings are connected by walkways, but students rarely leave the building to which their grade belongs. In accord, the primary, intermediate, middle, and high school buildings each have their own gymnasium, cafeteria, library, and administrative offices.  One of the school district's greatest assets is the expansive undeveloped areas that surround each school that provide open space for younger students to play and older students to take part in extracurricular activities.  Some of the latest additions to the school, in fact, involve the development of a large field across the street from the high school. These fields across from the high school have been developed recently into a parking lot for students as well as soccer and lacrosse fields for the teams. In addition, the middle school library was recently remodeled, an extra wing of classrooms was added to the high school, and plans call for the renovation of the high school music department.

Industry.

The headquarters for beverage manufacturer Elmhurst 1925 are in Elma.

Fire companies.

The town of Elma has four volunteer fire companies: Blossom, Elma, Jamison Road, and Spring Brook. Blossom is one of the oldest fire companies in the county, establishing in 1872.

Elma is a town in Erie County, New York, United States. The population was 11,317 at the 2010 census. The town is named after a type of tree.

Elma ist eine Kleinstadt (Town) im Erie County im US-Bundesstaat New York. Sie hatte im Jahr 2010 laut Census 11.317 Einwohner. Die Stadt ist nach der amerikanischen Ulme benannt.


United States Air Force.

Technical sergeant, "tech sgt" or "TSgt" in informal parlance, is the sixth enlisted rank (pay grade E-6) in the U.S. Air Force, just above staff sergeant and below master sergeant. A technical sergeant is a noncommissioned officer and abbreviated as TSgt (with no period in official USAF and other military correspondence). Official terms of address are "technical sergeant" or "sergeant", although many use "tech sergeant" in informal situations.  Within air force enlisted ranks, promotion to technical sergeant has historically been the second-most difficult rank to achieve (only the rank of senior master sergeant, capped by federal law, has lower promotion rates) and is the most difficult promotion that most career air force members achieve. A staff sergeant must have served at least 23 months in grade to be considered for promotion to technical sergeant. It normally takes 10–12 total years of service to attain this pay grade. Technical sergeants mentor junior enlisted personnel while preparing themselves for promotion to master sergeant, the entry rank of the senior non-commissioned grades.  High year of tenure was reduced from 22 to 20 years in the 1990s, back to 22 years for a short time after 2001, and back to 20 years in 2013. It was raised back to 22 years in 2018.  Historical promotion rates:

United States Marine Corps.

Technical sergeant was a rank in the United States Marine Corps until 1958. From 1941 until 1946, the rank was equivalent to grade 2, ranking with gunnery sergeant and other technical ranks with which it shared its insignia. From 1947 until 1958, the rank was reclassified as E-6 and became the sole rank in this grade. The rank was renamed gunnery sergeant and elevated to E-7 after the reorganization of grades in 1959.

United States Army.

The rank of technical sergeant existed from after World War I until 1948 when the rank was renamed sergeant first class. In 1920 the army combined several battalion/squadron level "staff" NCO ranks, including battalion quartermaster sergeant, battalion supply sergeant, ordnance sergeant, hospital sergeant, three grades of master sergeant (junior grade), and six additional senior-level technical and specialist ranks into the new technical sergeant rank. In 1944 when rifle squad leaders became staff sergeants, platoon sergeants were promoted to technical sergeants. In 1948 the army renamed technical sergeant as sergeant first class.

Technical sergeant is the name of one current and two former enlisted ranks in the United States Armed Forces. Outside the United States, it is used only by the Philippine Army, Philippine Air Force and the Philippine Marine Corps.

Technical Sergeant (auch kurz "Tech Sergeant") ist bzw. war ein militärischer Dienstgrad in der Unteroffizierslaufbahn englischsprachiger Streitkräfte, wie z. B. der U.S. Air Force.


Overview.

The festival offers its visitors a current overview of experimental films, installations, performances, digital art, and hybrid forms, ranging from personal and political subjects or formal experiments to provocative statements about media art and society. The Festival sees itself as a place of experimentation and a laboratory where extraordinary works, experiments and ventures are created and presented. It is the largest showcase of experimental short films and feature films, digital art, animation, and multimedia, in the world of media art, presenting as many as 250 works out of up to 2500 entries during an event attended by about 14,000 participants as of 2018. The festival has an "open policy" with room for projects ranging from "process-based experiments and technological innovations to dexterous crossovers between the media and genres." Students are included as filmmakers, exhibitors and visitors.

History.

The European Media Art Festival started in 1981 as an experimental film workshop (the official organising body is still called the "Experimentalfilm Workshop"), with the intention of providing a platform of expression for innovative and experimental art from the genres of film, video, multimedia and new media. The first workshop was organised by the Department of Media Studies at the University of Osnabrück. In 1988, the "Film and Television Year" proclaimed by the European Economic Community offered an opportunity to expand the workshop into something greater. A team of students developed the concept under the new title "European Media Art Festival".

Notability.

The European Media Art Festival is well-covered in regional media, with summaries in national dailies and trade papers as well as in magazines on art, movies and multimedia; there is also commercial and public broadcast coverage in regional and national programmes. The Festival is considered one of the most important media art festivals in Europe (and worldwide), attended by German and European producers, European TV companies, representatives of festivals, academies, agencies and distributors, setting trends in the international media art scene, highlighting socially-relevant events and giving artists an opportunity to be heard and established, defining itself above all as the avant-garde of media art and promoter of young media creators.  The Festival has featured film retrospectives by important international artists such as Shelly Silver, Michael Snow, Peter Greenaway, Fernando Birri, Al Razutis and David Rimmer.

Awards.

The European Media Art Festival has presented up to four awards and prizes each year (values as of 2018):  The deadline for submission of material to be presented each year is in January.

Other activities.

The Festival also functions as a distributor of experimental and media art works through cooperation with numerous cinemas and museums as well as the Goethe Institute's international affiliates, organising tour packages of films and videos through the Experimental Film Workshop, booked and presented in non-commercial cinemas, galleries, museums and other national and international cultural locations. These have included tours across Germany, other European countries, as well as to Australia, Brazil, China, Japan, Lebanon, Mexico, New Zealand, Russia and the U.S.

Themes.

Since 2000, the Festival has been organised according to a particular theme:

The European Media Art Festival (officially abbreviated as EMAF) is an annual festival and congress for film and media art which takes place every April/May in Osnabrück, Germany.

Das European Media Art Festival, kurz: EMAF, ist ein Festival für Film und Medienkunst, das jährlich in Osnabrück / Niedersachsen stattfindet. Das Festival zeigt ein vielschichtiges Programm aus Kurz- und Langfilmen, Dokumentationen, Retrospektiven, Sonderprogramme und Performances. Das EMAF organisiert jährliche eine Ausstellung in der Kunsthalle Osnabrück, veranstaltet eine Konferenz sowie einen Media-Campus für Arbeiten aus den Hochschulen. Ziel des EMAF ist, die Strömungen der zeitgenössischen audio-visuellen Kunst aufzuzeigen.


History.

The Farouq Brigades emerged from the central city of Homs just months into the Syrian Civil War. Its beginnings are as a subunit of the Khalid ibn al-Walid Brigade, a group of defectors from the Syrian Army that announced its formation in June 2011 and engaged in clashes with members of the Syrian security forces in Homs and Al-Rastan. The group started out with 3,000+ fighters. During the second half of 2011, Farouq was active in Homs, particularly the Baba Amr neighborhood. It was led by a defector, Lieutenant Abdul Razaq Tlass, who was a nephew of the former Syrian Defense Minister Mustafa Tlass. The apparent success of Farouq in holding territory in Baba Amr led to the Syrian government escalating their use of force in an offensive in early 2012, causing heavy casualties amongst the rebels and forcing their retreat into the Homs countryside and the towns of Al-Qusayr and Al-Rastan.  In the following months, Farouq absorbed preexisting rebel units and formed new ones across Syria, from Daraa in the south near the Jordanian border to the Farouq al-Shemal (Northern Farouq) which controlled some of the border posts in the north with Turkey.  In September 2012, a large number of Islamist rebel brigades, including the Farouq Brigades and the Suquor al-Sham formed the Syrian Islamic Liberation Front, under the leadership of Suquor al-Sham commander Ahmed Abu Issa. Abu Issa claimed the new Front had more than 40,000 fighters, and aimed to establish a state with an "Islamic reference". In May 2013, the BBC gave estimate of 20,000 fighters. In November 2013, the SILF was superseded by a new rebel coalition called the Islamic Front; however, Farouq was not a member of this grouping.

Ideology and funding.

Jeffrey White, a former U.S. defense intelligence officer with the Washington Institute for Near East Policy and Joseph Holliday, a research analyst with the Institute for the Study of War consider the Farouq Brigade to be “moderately Islamist” – that is, neither secular nor Salafis. While many of their fighters wear Jihadist-style black headbands and beards, it is unclear how much of this is genuine belief and how much is to secure additional funding from Islamist donors.  Farouq has their own public relations wing which film their battlefield operations and upload them to YouTube and Facebook with their groups logo. These clips are used for fundraising from Syrians, donors in Gulf states, western sources and Islamist groups.

Controversies.

In April 2012, the Farouq Brigades was accused of collecting jizyah, or taxes imposed on non-Muslims living under Muslim rule, in Christian areas of Homs province. However, the group denied this and the Institute for the Study of War said that "the accusation is likely from the Assad regime". There were also reports that the group had expelled 90% of the Christian population of Homs City. However, Jesuits in Homs disputed the cause of the exodus, and said that Christians were not targeted specifically, but fled the city on their own initiative because of the ongoing conflict. According to interviews made by "McClatchy Newspapers" of refugees in Lebanon, there was no targeting of Christians because of their religion. Rather, a number of government-affiliated Christians were seized by the Farouq Brigades, which led to some Christians fleeing the area.  In August 2012, Lieutenant Abdul Razzaq Tlass, one of the Farouq Brigades top leaders, was implicated in a sex scandal when video was posted to YouTube appearing to show him having cybersex with a woman through Skype. Tlass and others claimed the video was a fabrication by the Syrian Government. Nevertheless, by October 2012, Tlass was replaced as commander by Abu Sayeh Juneidi.  In September 2012, the northern branch of the Farouq Brigades was accused of kidnapping and killing Abu Mohamad al-Absi, a Syrian Jihadist who led a group of foreign fighters. The local Farouq Brigades leader said the foreign fighters had ignored their demands to leave the Bab al-Hawa border post. He said that al-Absi had "raised the al-Qaeda flag, and al-Qaeda is not welcomed by us".  In May 2013, a video was posted on the internet showing rebel commander Abu Sakkar cutting organs from the dead body of a Syrian soldier and putting one of them in his mouth, "as if he is taking a bite out of it". He called rebels to follow his example and terrorize the Alawite sect, which mostly backs Assad. Human Rights Watch confirmed the authenticity of the footage, and stated that "The mutilation of the bodies of enemies is a war crime. But the even more serious issue is the very rapid descent into sectarian rhetoric and violence". It said that Abu Sakkar appears to be a commander of the "Independent Omar al-Farouq Brigade". The BBC called it an offshoot or sub-unit of the Farouq Brigades, saying that "the Farouq Brigade appears to be actually a complex of sub-units with a tangled pedigree". Human Rights Watch said "It is not known whether the Independent Omar al-Farouq Brigade operates within the command structure of the Free Syrian Army". The incident was condemned by the FSA's Chief of Staff and the Syrian National Coalition said that the commander would be put on trial. The rebel Supreme Military Council called for Abu Sakkar's arrest, saying it wants him "dead or alive". Abu Sakkar said that the mutilation was revenge. He claimed he found a video on the soldier's cellphone in which the soldier sexually abuses a woman and her two daughters, along with other videos showing Assad loyalists raping, torturing, dismembering and killing people, including children. He further stated that if the war was to continue, "all Syrian people" would be like him. He was killed in northwest Latakia province on 6 April 2016 by the Syrian Army, while being affiliated to the al-Qaeda linked Al-Nusra Front.  In November 2016 in Tyrol, Austria, a former fighter of the Farouq Brigades was prosecuted for the summary execution of 20 wounded Syrian Army soldiers while in Homs between 2013 and 2014. In May 2017, he was found guilty and was sentenced to life imprisonment in Austria.

Decline.

By November 2013, the Farouq Brigades was reported as having suffered a serious decline in strength and area of influence, with it having splintered into numerous smaller factions, such as the Independent Omar al-Farouq Brigade and the Islamic al-Farouq Brigades. The group's presence outside Homs was said to have declined after losing feuds with more hardline Islamist rebel groups, like Ahrar ash-Sham and Jabhat al-Nusra, resulting in Farouq being expelled from the Raqqa Governorate and losing control of the strategic border crossing at Tal Abyad. By 2014, the rebel Hazzm Movement contained several groups that were formerly part of the Farouq Brigades.  After 2015, the remnants of the Farouq Brigades only officially operated around the town of Binnish, in the Idlib District of the Idlib Governorate. On 1 February 2017, they joined Ahrar al-Sham. In northern Hama, other remnants under the banner of the Farouq Brigade joined Tahrir al-Sham on 20 March 2017.

The Farouq Brigades (), also spelt Farooq and Farook, was an armed rebel organisation formed by a number of Homs based members of the Free Syrian Army early in the Syrian Civil War. The group rapidly expanded in size and prominence in 2012, before suffering internal splits and battlefield reversals in 2013 that greatly reduced its influence. By 2014, the group was largely defunct, with member factions joining other rebel groups. The brigades were named Farouq after Omar bin al-Khattab, a Sahaba (companion) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the second Caliph.

Die Faruq-Brigaden () sind eine bewaffnete Rebellenorganisation im Syrischen Bürgerkrieg und eine Division der Freien Syrischen Armee. Die Faruq-Brigaden kämpfen hauptsächlich in den Gouvernoraten: Homs, Idlib und Darʿā. Sie wurden nach dem zweiten Kalifen des Islam ʿUmar ibn al-Chattāb (634–644) benannt. ʿUmar trug den Beinamen „al-Fārūq“ (der die Wahrheit von der Lüge unterscheidet) und war ein Sahāba des Propheten Mohammed. Zu den mit Al-Qaida in Verbindung stehenden Faruq-Brigaden gehören nach Angaben von Beobachtern Bewaffnete verschiedener wahhabitischer Gruppen sowie Söldner aus Libyen und dem Irak an.


Biography.

Career.

Born in Hammond, Indiana on October 9, 1979, Rashad Hanif Harden was the son of Gloria and Anthony Harden. He grew up on 159th Street in the southern part of Calumet City, a suburb of Chicago. He developed an early interest in music and began to DJ in his early teens, influenced by house and juke. In high school, Harden gained further DJ experience at the Kennedy-King College radio station WKKC. He also became a member of local dance troupes, including the HouseOMatics, The Phyrm, and Wolf Pac. In 1992 he made his first public appearance as a DJ at his high school dance party jubilation.  While attending Thornwood High School, Harden met Morris Harper (aka DJ Spinn) during homeroom class. The two began to spend time at each other's houses producing tracks and performing at parties. Harden was one of the founders of the Teklife crew and developed the footwork style around dance battles in the Chicago metropolitan area. His first recording released to vinyl was the track "Child Abuse" on "Dance Mania" in 1998. He gained further global attention after releasing his single "Itz Not Rite" on Planet Mu and being included on their "Bangs and Works" album in 2010.  In 2013, Harden released the EPs "I Don't Give a Fuck" and "Rollin"' on Kode9's Hyperdub label. These were followed by the debut full-length album "Double Cup" (2013), which featured collaborations with DJ Spinn, Taso, DJ Phil, Manny, Earl and Addison Groove. He was one of the performers at the Pitchfork Music Festival in Chicago in 2013 and completed support-slot on the tour of Chance the Rapper in December 2013. His last performance as a DJ was at Vinyl Club in Denver, CO on April 24, 2014.

Death.

On Saturday, April 26, 2014, Harden was found dead at an apartment on West 21st Street, Chicago. An autopsy confirmed that the death was drug related, with heroin, cocaine and alprazolam (Xanax) being found in Rashad's system.  A variety of artists paid tribute to Rashad, with "Vice" writing that "Rashad will undoubtedly be remembered as one of contemporary dance music's most innovative stylists and most irreplaceable presences." On June 29, 2015, Hyperdub released the "6613" EP, a four-track EP of previously unheard tracks by DJ Rashad. "Afterlife" was Harden's last album. It featured previously unreleased songs in collaboration with other members of the Teklife crew. It was released on April 8, 2016, as the first release of the new Teklife Records label.

Rashad Harden (October 9, 1979 – April 26, 2014), known as DJ Rashad, was a Chicago-based electronic musician, producer and DJ known as a pioneer in the footwork genre and founder of the Teklife crew. He released his debut studio album "Double Cup" on Hyperdub in 2013 to critical praise. He died in April 2014 from a drug overdose.

DJ Rashad (bürgerlich "Rashad Hanif Harden"; * 9. Oktober 1979 in Hammond, Indiana; † 26. April 2014 in Chicago, Illinois) war ein US-amerikanischer DJ, Musiker und Musikproduzent, der als wichtiger Vertreter des Chicagoer „Footwork“-Stils galt.


Early life.

Koch grew up in Wisconsin and he was the youngest of seven children. Koch attended college for jazz performance at the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point.

Personal life.

Koch met his wife Sarah while he was attending college and together they have four children, two boys and two girls. Koch and his wife have been married since 1993. Their oldest son (Dylan Koch) is the drummer for Koch's band, The Koch Marshall Trio.

Career.

Koch won first place in the 1989 Bluesbreaker Guitar Showdown judged by singer/guitar player Buddy Guy. Koch has also played with Joe Bonamassa. Greg Koch is currently a Martin Guitar clinician. In addition to playing guitar Greg Koch has authored many books on various guitar methods and styles.

Greg Koch and the Tone Controls.

The group was formed as a trio that included guitar, bass, and drums. The original band members include Journeyman drummer and vocalist Gary Koehler, bass and vocals Kevin Mushel, and Greg Koch on six-string guitar and vocals. Other members of the band include John Calarco on drums and Tom Goode on bass.  Greg Koch and the Tone Controls won five Wisconsin Area Music Awards for Blues Artist of the Year (1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998).

Greg Koch and Other Bad Men.

Koch recorded a live album ("Greg Koch and Other Bad Men Live on the Radio") with bass player Roscoe Beck and vocalist Malford Milligan and various musicians on the drums: John Calarco and Tom Brechtlein.

The Koch Marshall Trio.

The Koch Marshall Trio is the most successful band that Greg Koch has assembled. The band has been well received and reviewed. In previous Greg Koch bands there have been some vocals. The Koch Marshall Trio has not used a singer.  The Koch Marshall Trio is an instrumental organ/guitar trio established by Koch in 2017. The Trio includes Koch's son Dylan Koch on drums, Toby Lee Marshall on Hammond organ and Koch on guitar. The Koch Marshall Trio has signed a contract with the Mascot Label Group. They released their debut studio album, "Toby Arrives", on February 23, 2018.  The Koch Marshall Trio's debut album "Toby Arrives" was submitted for a Grammy nomination 2018.

Greg Koch Solo.

Greg Koch works as a clinician for Fishman and Martin. In addition, Koch has his own signature amplifier ‘The Greg’, manufactured by the Koch Amplifier company. Koch also has a signature guitar which was released in 2019 by Reverend Guitars, named the ‘Greg Koch Signature Gristlemaster’. The guitar colors were given somewhat humorous names like: Kochwork Orange, and Blucifer.  Since 2011 Greg Koch has for Wildwood Guitars in Colorado each month. He has made approximately 4000 videos which have over 50 million views.  Greg Koch released an acoustic album in December 2019. The 38 minute album has 14 songs.  In 2019 Koch signed with True Grit Talent Agency.

Style.

Koch has developed his own style of picking which is referred to as "chicken pickin’” and has taught his method of picking, referred to as hybrid picking. Koch uses a guitar pick held with the index finger and thumb of his right hand to pick the bass notes; he uses his other three fingers to pick the treble strings.  Koch has termed his style of playing "gristle" and has been called the "Gristle King". Gristle is usually instrumental, guitar-driven music that leads to a crescendo of trading solos.  Koch's ability on the guitar has been admired by other guitarists. When guitar pioneer Les Paul had his 100th birthday celebration Koch was invited to play. Two contemporary guitarists had this to say about Greg Koch:

Greg Koch (born June 23, 1966) is an American guitarist from Wauwatosa, Wisconsin. Koch grew up in the Milwaukee area and began playing guitar at the age of 12. He was influenced by the guitarist and singer-songwriter Jimi Hendrix.

Greg Koch (* 23. Juni 1966 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin) ist ein US-amerikanischer E-Gitarrist, der für seinen exzentrischen Gitarrenstil, welcher aus einer Mixtur aus Blues, Rock, Funk, Country und Jazz-Elementen besteht, und durch eigene Solo-Projekte bekannt ist.