History.

Montreal-Laval Extension.

Autoroute 25 has been extended under a public-private partnership. The 7.2 km section of highway joins the southern part of Autoroute 25 at Boulevard Henri-Bourassa in Montreal's East end and the northern part at Laval's Autoroute 440. The $207-million project will save some $226 million for the province since a private consortium will assume any cost overruns. A toll bridge using a RFID transponder automatic payment system spans the Rivière des Prairies and costs transponder-owning motorists $3.20 per crossing at peak hours (6-9 AM and 3-6 PM) and $2.24 per crossing the rest of the day. An additional $5.34 in administration fees is charged for motorists without transponders. The road opened on May 21, 2011. The highway has six lanes (three in each direction), while the bridge features three lanes in each direction with one reserved for public transit.  Now that the link between Montreal and Laval is complete, the temporary autoroute section connecting Boulevard Pie-IX to Autoroute 440 lost its A-25 designation. The new route designation for this section is Route 125.  The new span effectively joins the North Shore, Laval, Montreal, and the South Shore. In addition, the completion of Autoroute 30 also created under a public-private partnership, will help reduce traffic in the City of Montreal by offering a southern by-pass route.  Environmental organizations have raised concerns that the highway extension will lead to an influx of automobiles entering Montreal and increase development pressure on agricultural land in Eastern Laval.

Autoroute 25 (or A-25, also called Autoroute Louis-H.-La Fontaine in Montreal) is an Autoroute in the Lanaudière region of Quebec. It is currently long and services the direct north of Montreal's Metropolitan Area. The A-25 has one toll bridge, which is the first modern toll in MMA and one of two overall in Quebec (after being joined by the A-30 toll bridge, which opened in 2012).

Die Autoroute 25 in der ostkanadischen Provinz Québec gehört auf einer Länge von 8 km zum Trans-Canada Highway-System, die ganze Autoroute hat eine Länge von 51 km. Die Überquerung des Rivière des Prairies ist seit 2011 mautpflichtig.


Orbit and classification.

"Nonna" is a member of the Vesta family (). Vestian asteroids have a composition akin to cumulate eucrites (HED meteorites) and are thought to have originated deep within 4 Vesta's crust, possibly from the Rheasilvia crater, a large impact crater on its southern hemisphere near the South pole, formed as a result of a subcatastrophic collision. Vesta is the main belt's second-largest and second-most-massive body after Ceres.  It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.1–2.7 AU once every 3 years and 7 months (1,323 days; semi-major axis of 2.36 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.13 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic. The asteroid was first observed at Goethe Link Observatory in October 1952. The body's observation arc begins with its observation as at Crimea-Nauchnij in August 1966, more than 15 years prior to its official discovery observation.

Physical characteristics.

"Nonna" has been characterized as a Q- and V-type asteroid by Pan-STARRS photometric survey, while the "Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link" (CALL) assumes it to be a common S-type asteroid. The overall spectral type of Vestian asteroids is typically that of a V-type.

Rotation period.

Since 2006, several rotational lightcurves of "Nonna" have been obtained from photometric observations at Modra Observatory by astronomers Adrián Galád and Petr Pravec. Analysis of the best-rated lightcurve from September 2006 gave a rotation period of 2.5877 hours with a brightness variation of 0.077 magnitude (). A measurement by French amateur astronomer René Roy gave a similar result of 2.62 hours, after using an alternative period solution. All lightcurves showed an unusually low amplitude which is indicative for a spheroidal shape. The asteroid's short period is close to that of a fast rotator.

Diameter and albedo.

According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, "Nonna" measures 3.67 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an exceptionally high albedo of 0.907. Conversely, CALL assumes a standard stony albedo of 0.20 and calculates a much larger diameter of 7.13 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 13.1.

Naming.

This minor planet was named after Soviet cinema actress Nonna Mordyukova (1925–2008), a celebrated People's Artist of the USSR. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 25 August 1991 ().

4022 Nonna, provisional designation, is a Vestian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 8 October 1981, by Soviet–Russian astronomer Lyudmila Chernykh at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory. The asteroid was named after Soviet actress Nonna Mordyukova. The nearly fast rotator has an exceptionally low lightcurve-amplitude indicating a nearly spherical shape.

(4022) Nonna ist ein Hauptgürtelasteroid, der am 8. Oktober 1981 von der russischen Astronomin Ljudmila Iwanowna Tschernych vom Krim-Observatorium entdeckt wurde.


Plot.

Ten-year old Emil Tischbein travels by bus from Neustadt to Berlin, carrying an envelope containing 400 marks that his mother has entrusted him to deliver to his grandmother. Emil falls asleep during the bus ride and wakes up to find the money gone. He is sure that the thief is Grundeis, the shifty man who was sitting next to him. Emil follows Grundeis to a Berlin cafe and summons a policeman, but Grundeis escapes to a rendezvous with The Baron, his underworld associate. Emil enlists the help of a group of child "detectives" led by the street urchin Gustav, and together they track down Grundeis and overhear him plotting with The Baron and his accomplice Müller to rob a large Berlin bank by tunneling to its vault. Emil is captured and forced to assist in the criminal plot. After the bank vault is blown open, Grundeis is doublecrossed by The Baron and Müller and left behind with Emil in the tunnel to be blown up by a dynamite fuse, but Gustav arrives in time to save them. The child detectives pursue the thieves and alert more children in the neighborhood who also give chase. The Baron and Muller are surrounded by the children and arrested by the police. Emil receives a reward which he intends to share with the other children.

Reception.

Eugene Archer of "The New York Times" wrote that "Walt Disney has come up with one of his best children's pictures," stating that Tewksbury's direction "makes all the difference. He has kept the kiddies from gushing too coyly, suppressed the mugging of a comic trio of thieves, photographed the fresh Berlin setting in effective color, and juxtaposed suspense and wit with a nice, bouncing pace." "Variety" called the film "an interesting project" with "the customary distinguishable Disney mark to give it class," but without the same appeal to adults as "say, Disney's previous moppet classic, 'Mary Poppins.'" Philip K. Scheuer of the "Los Angeles Times" wrote that the film "falls somewhere between the moppet trade and not-too-discriminating adults." "The Monthly Film Bulletin" found it "pleasantly presented, if without any distinction."

Emil and the Detectives is a 1964 film directed by Peter Tewksbury based on the novel "Emil and the Detectives" by German author Erich Kästner. The film stars Walter Slezak and Bryan Russell.

Emil und die Detektive ist ein US-amerikanischer Spielfilm des Regisseurs Peter Tewksbury aus dem Jahr 1964. Das Drehbuch verfasste A. J. Carothers und es beruht auf dem gleichnamigen Roman von Erich Kästner. In Deutschland lief die Literaturadaption am 20. August 1965 an.


Early life.

Florence Laura Goodenough was born to Alice and Linus Goodenough on August 6, 1886, in Honesdale, Pennsylvania and was the youngest of nine children. She was home-schooled and received the equivalent of a high school diploma

Academic career.

In 1908 Goodenough graduated with a Bachelor of Pedagogy (B.Pd.) from Millersville, Pennsylvania Normal School, although there is not much documentation of her time at Millersville, she spent almost a decade teaching at rural schools in Pennsylvania before going further with her education. She then went on to earn her bachelor's (B.S.) from Columbia University in 1920, and only a year later, she received her M.A. under advisor Leta Hollingworth, at Columbia as well. From 1920-1921, she also served as the director of research for the Rutherford & Perth Amboy public schools in the state of New Jersey. It was during her time in public schools when she actually conducted a majority of her data.  It was not until 1921 when Goodenough started working with Lewis Terman at Stanford University. Terman was establishing a study on gifted children and was selecting potential researchers for his work. She was chosen, and contributed throughout the project, serving as chief field psychologist and chief research psychologist. She was listed as a contributor to Terman's book "Genetic Studies of Genius," which was a rare deal for females during the time. She received her Ph.D. from Stanford University in 1924, at the age of 35. Soon after, in 1925, she joined the Institute of Child Welfare at the University of Minnesota as an Assistant Professor under John E. Anderson. She became a full-time professor in 1931 and worked until she retired in 1947. Anderson and Goodenough were noted as offering some of the first undergraduate and graduate courses in developmental psychology.  During her time at the University of Minnesota, Goodenough created the Draw-a-Man test (Goodenough-Harris Draw-A-Person Test), which could measure intelligence in children. She published the test in "Measurement of Intelligence" (1926) by drawing, which included detailed accounts of procedures, scoring, and examples. After her publication of the Draw-a-Man test, Goodenough expanded the Stanford Binet scale for children into the Minnesota Preschool Scale in 1932. Goodenough’s most significant contribution to psychology was her advancement of sampling in 1928, which would become to be known as event and time sampling, a method still in extensive use to this day.  It is in one of her most underrated contributions, in which Goodenough actually conducted her time sampling, in her publication "Anger in Young Children" (1931), which analyzed the methods used in evaluating children. It was critiqued primarily because many questioned the use of mothers as research participants, with many doubting that nonscientists would successfully record observations for a study. Goodenough’s objective was to analyze John B. Watson's assertion that newborns were primarily only capable of three different emotions; these included rage, fear, and love. She gathered forty-one participants ranging from infancy through seven years old and trained the parents to use event sampling and track the outbursts of anger they saw in their children. It was through this experiment that she suggested that children who were less than one year old, had the most notable triggers of anger due to repetitive child care, minimal physical irritations, and limitations of physical movement. However, Goodenough’s research findings indicated that by the time the child reached the age of four, social interactions became the most significant basis of anger. Goodenough’s findings led her to theorize that it was not the environment that was most influential in emotional development, but actually maturation in young children.  Overall, Goodenough's publication led to a crucial descriptive awareness for parents and professionals to help acknowledge diverse emotional inclinations in child development. This ultimately led her to continue with several more publications on child development, maturation, and emotion. Many researchers still appreciate Goodenough's publication on emotional development because of its descriptive and detailed use of the methodology used. Goodenough’s experiment represented one of the first few large scale analyses done through observations, and research is still considered one of the most detailed analyses of emotional development in children.  Goodenough was never married.  During World War II, she developed for the Women's Army Corps a projective test using free association with words having several meanings. She developed keys for masculinity-femininity and leadership but retired before she completed work on the test.  During her late career, Goodenough still published a variety of topics and important contributions. She also was known as a great educator, as one of her students who she instructed was Ruth Howard, the 1stAfrican-American female, to receive a Ph.D. in psychology. However, due to a degenerative disease, she was forced to retire early and moved to New-Hampshire, where she eventually went blind. Despite the illness which induced a loss in sight and hearing, Goodenough published three more books after learning braille; "Mental Testing: Its History, Principles, and Applications" in 1949, "Exceptional Children" in 1954, and the third edition of "Developmental Psychology" in 1959. Altogether, Goodenough published 10 texts and 26 research articles. She died of a stroke in Florida on April 4, 1959.

IQ testing.

Goodenough revised and invented tests for children. Studying exceptional children, child psychology in general, and anger and fear specifically were all points of experimentation for Goodenough’s career. She published her first book: The Measurement of Intelligence by Drawings in 1926 which introduced her thoughts and ideas of children’s I.Q. testing. In this book, Goodenough presented her I.Q. test for preschoolers called the Draw-A-Man Test. Goodenough drew much recognition due to her Draw-A-Man Test, a nonverbal measure of intelligence. The test was known to be very reliable due to her extremely strict criteria for rating each drawing because it was well correlated with written I.Q. tests. This test was initially geared towards children ages two through 13. The Draw-A-Man test eventually developed into a Draw-A-Woman Test due to critics believing many females would not necessarily be able to identify with a male.

Academic Work & Contributions.

Director of research for the Rutherford & Perth Amboy public schools (1920-1921)  Research assistant in Psychology under Lewis Terman, Stanford University (1921-1925).  Assistant Professor under John E. Anderson (1925-1930)  Published her first book- "The Measurement of Intelligence by Drawings"(1926)  Published the "Draw-a-Man test" (1926)  Published "Anger in Young Children" and the "Measurement of Mental Growth"(1931)  Published "Minnesota Preschool Scale" (1932)  Full time professor at the University of Minnesota (1931-1947)  President of the National Counsel of Women Psychologists (1942)  President of the Society for Research in Child Development (1946-1947).

Timeline.

1886: Born in Honesdale, Pennsylvania 1908: Bachelor of Pedogogy (B.Pd.) earned from Normal School in Millersville, Pennsylvania. 1920: B.S. from Columbia University under Leta Hollingsworth. ----Director of Research in the Rutherford and Perth Amboy New Jersey public schools. ----Began to document the effects of environment on intelligence test scores. 1921: M.A. earned from Columbia University under Leta Hollingsworth. ---- First began working with Lewis Terman at Stanford University. 1923: Published The Stanford Achievement Test. 1924: PhD Philosophy earned from Stanford University under Lewis Terman. ---- Worked at Minneapolis Child Guidance Clinic. 1925: Appointed assistant professor in the Institute of Child Welfare at the University of Minnesota. 1926: Published her first book: "The Measurement of Intelligence by Drawings" (Introduction to Draw-A-Man test). 1931: Published "The Measurement of Mental Growth". ---- Published "Anger in Young Children".  Goodenough set out to evaluate J. B. Watson's claim that newborns were initially only capable of three emotions: rage, fear and love, by comparing children's anger in infancy and in childhood. The book reported findings that children show anger at bath time, physical discomfort, and by age four, social relations were the greatest source of anger. ---- Promoted to full professor in the Institute of Child Welfare at the University of Minnesota. 1933: Published "Handbook of Child Psychology". 1938: Served as president of the National Council of Women Psychologists. 1940: Goodenough–Harris drawing test established, as revised by Florence Goodenough and Dale Harris. 1947: Retired early from the University of Minnesota due to physical illness. ----1942: the Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps’s (WAAC) solicited Goodenough’s professional opinion in selection of tests to be given to Officer Candidates and Basics. Goodenough recommended the Goodenough Speed-of-Association Test. The test used free association to determine ratings of masculinity–femininity and leadership. Results from Candidates and Basics were used as norming data as the test was under construction. She was particularly interested in how results differed between women who were married, divorced, or single. She found that divorced women were more masculine and offered a greater percentage of rare responses compared to either of the two other groups. Early retirement cut short her work on this test and it was never completed. 1947 Appointed Professor Emeritus until her death in 1959. 1949: Published "Mental Testing: Its History, Principles, and Applications". 1956: Published Exceptional Children. ----Died from a stroke at the age of 73.

Florence Laura Goodenough (August 6, 1886 – April 4, 1959) was an American psychologist and professor at the University of Minnesota who studied child intelligence and various problems in the field of child development. She was president of the Society for Research in Child Development from 1946-1947. She is best known for published book "The Measurement of Intelligence," where she introduced the "Goodenough Draw-A-Man test (now the Draw-A-Person Test)" to assess intelligence in young children through nonverbal measurement. She is noted for developing the Minnesota Preschool Scale. In 1931 she published two notable books titled (with John E. Anderson) and Anger in Young Children which analyzed the methods used in evaluating children. She wrote the "Handbook of Child Psychology" in 1933, becoming the first known psychologist to critique ratio I.Q.

Florence Laura Goodenough (* 6. August 1886 in Honesdale, Pennsylvania; † 4. April 1959 in Lakeland, Florida) war eine US-amerikanische Psychologin, die sich unter anderem mit Intelligenztests für Kinder ("Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test") befasst hat, die auf der Beurteilung von Zeichnungen basieren.


Early life.

Gallie was born in Portsmouth, Hampshire and was educated at Dunfermline High School in Fife. He trained as an electrical fitter before joining the CEGB as a planning engineer. He rose to be a station manager before entering politics. His political career began with being elected as a local councillor on Cunninghame district council, which covered northern Ayrshire and the Isle of Bute.

Parliamentary career.

Gallie did not find success in his first two candidacies for Parliament. In 1983 he was beaten by Labour's David Lambie, and in 1987 he was defeated by Dick Douglas. He was elected as Member of Parliament at Westminster for the Ayr constituency in the 1992 general election. He lost his seat, along with all other Conservatives in Scotland, at the 1997 general election.  A vice-chairman of the Scottish Conservative Party, he was elected to the Scottish Parliament in 1999. Gallie was elected to represent the South of Scotland area as a list member, having narrowly failed to win the Ayr constituency seat by 25 votes. Gallie again stood unsuccessfully for the Ayr Westminster seat in 2001, but was re-elected in the 2003 Scottish Parliament election, again as a list member.  He later stood for the leadership of the Conservative group in the Scottish Parliament, but lost to David McLetchie, and instead became the Scottish Conservative's spokesman on constitutional affairs. He did not stand for re-election in 2007, intending to focus on his ambition of becoming a Member of the European Parliament.  Gallie was initially selected to contest the 2010 United Kingdom general election in the Central Ayrshire constituency, but Maurice Golden was eventually chosen as the election was not held until May 2010. Gallie was still active in politics when he unexpectedly died at his home in Ayr in January 2011, aged 71.

Philip Roy Gallie (3 June 1939 – 24 January 2011) was a British politician who served as a Conservative Member of Parliament for Ayr from 1992 to 1997 and Member of the Scottish Parliament for the South of Scotland region from 1999 to 2007. He was also held prominent offices within the Scottish Conservative Party.

Philip Roy Gallie, meist Phil Gallie, (* 3. Juni 1939 in Portsmouth; † 24. Januar 2011) war ein schottischer Politiker und Mitglied der Conservative Party.


Plot.

Police Lt. Leonard Diamond is on a personal crusade to bring down the sadistic gangster Mr. Brown. He is also dangerously obsessed with Brown's girlfriend, the suicidal Susan Lowell. His main objective as a detective is to uncover what happened to a woman called "Alicia" from the crime boss's past.  Mr. Brown, his second-in-command McClure and thugs Fante and Mingo kidnap and torture the lieutenant, then pour a bottle of alcohol-based hair tonic down his throat before letting him go. Diamond eventually learns through one of Brown's past accomplices that Alicia was actually Brown's wife. The accomplice suspects that Alicia was sent away to Sicily with former mob boss Grazzi, then murdered, tied to the boat's anchor and permanently submerged. Diamond questions a Swede named Dreyer, who was the skipper of that boat but now operates an antiques store as a front, bankrolled by Brown. Dreyer denies involvement and does not want to disclose anything to Diamond, but is nonetheless murdered by McClure shortly after leaving his shop later that day.  Diamond tries to persuade Susan to leave Brown and admits he might be in love with her. He shows her a photo of Brown, Alicia and Grazzi together on the boat. Susan finally confronts Brown about his wife and is told she is still alive in Sicily, Italy, living with Grazzi.  Brown next orders a hit on Diamond. However, when his gunmen Fante and Mingo go to Diamond's apartment, they mistakenly shoot and kill Diamond's burlesque dancer girlfriend Rita instead. Diamond sees an up-to-date photo of Alicia but realizes it wasn't taken in Sicily (since there's snow on the ground). This leads Diamond to suspect Brown did not kill Alicia but his boss Grazzi instead. Diamond is able to track Alicia to a sanitarium, where she is staying under another name. He asks for her help.  Meanwhile, Brown's right-hand man, McClure, wants to take over. He plots with Fante and Mingo to ambush Mr. Brown, but they betray and murder him.  At police headquarters, Brown shows up with a writ of "habeas corpus", effectively preventing Alicia testifying against her husband. Brown also takes a big stash of "money" to Fante and Mingo while they are hiding out from the police, but the box turns out to contain a bomb that apparently kills both of them.  Brown shoots Diamond's partner, Sam, and kidnaps Susan, planning to fly away to safety. However, Mingo survived the assassination attempt by Brown, so he confesses to Diamond that Brown was behind all the murders while sobbing over the body of his cohort. Alicia is able to help Diamond figure out that Brown took Susan to a private airport where he intends to board his getaway plane.  However, Brown's plane does not show up and the film climaxes in a foggy airplane hangar shootout. Susan shines the fog lamp from Brown's own car in his eyes, effectively blinding him, so the lieutenant is able to arrest him. The last scene shows the silhouetted figures of Diamond and Susan in the fog, considered to be one of the iconic images of film noir.

Production.

The film was initially called "The Hoodlum" based on a story by Philip Yordan. It was originally going to be directed by Hugo Frugonese for producer Milton Sperling. Sperling tried to cast Spencer Tracy for the lead. The script was reportedly in great demand with Yordan apparently turning down offers of $75,000.  Eventually the film was a co production between Theodora, the production company of Cornel Wilde and Jean Wallace, and Security, a company of Phil Yordan and Sidney Harmon. Wilde changed the title to "The Big Combination" and Jean Wallace suggested it be shortened to "The Big Combo".  Jack Palance was originally cast opposite Wilde. Filming was brought forward to start September 7, because of studio space availability. Palance dropped out of the film, claiming he wanted a week off after finishing "The Silver Chalice" (1954). Another source says he was unhappy his wife was not cast in the second female lead. He was replaced by Richard Conte. Conte's casting meant the start date for another film "Cry Vengeance" had to be pushed back.  The film was shot in 26 days.

Reception.

Critical response.

Reviews of the movie today are mostly positive. Chris Dashiell on the website "CineScene" finds the dialogue "run of the mill" but praises the film's director, writing that "Lewis had a remarkable ability to infuse poetry into the most banal material, and "The Big Combo" is one of his best efforts... it's not as startlingly inventive as Lewis's best film, "Gun Crazy" (1949), but it's a quality B-film, satisfying and dark."  The staff at "Variety" magazine liked the film's direction, music and photography, despite "a rambling, not-too-credible plot." They wrote, "Performances are in keeping with the bare-knuckle direction by Joseph Lewis and, on that score, are good. Low-key photography by John Alton, one of his best, and a jazz-derived score by David Raksin with solo piano by Jacob Gimpel are in keeping with the film's tough mood."  Film critic Ed Gonzalez lauded the film in his review, writing, "Shadows and lies are the stars of "The Big Combo," a spellbinding black-and-white chiaroscuro with the segmented texture of a spider's web... John Alton's lush camera work is so dominant here you wouldn't know Joseph H. Lewis was also behind the camera. The story doesn't have any of the he-she psychosexual politicking that juices the director's "Gun Crazy", but that's no loss given this film's richer returns. The set-pieces are fierce, as is the "Casablanca" tweak of the last shot, and Wallace's performance—a sad spectacle of a hurting creature caught between light and dark, good and evil—is one of noir's great unheralded triumphs."  Critics have compared the quality of "The Big Combo" to Fritz Lang's "The Big Heat" as one of the great film noir detective classics in terms of style.  The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported that 92% of critics gave the film a positive review, based on 13 reviews, with a weighted average of 7.04/10.

Release on home video.

The film was released on Blu-ray in a new HD restoration in 2019 by Arrow Films in the UK and Eire.

Soundtrack.

Most film noir movies feature scores that are orchestral (strings). In contrast, "The Big Combo" is one of few that has a brass (trumpets, etc.) and woodwinds (saxophones, etc.) score.

The Big Combo is a 1955 American film noir crime film directed by Joseph H. Lewis and photographed by cinematographer John Alton, with music by David Raksin.

Geheimring 99 (Originaltitel: "The Big Combo") ist ein in Schwarzweiß gedrehter, US-amerikanischer Gangsterfilm aus dem Jahr 1955. Er zählt neben "Rattennest" (1955) und "Im Zeichen des Bösen" (1958) zu den späten Vertretern des Film noir. Regie führte Joseph H. Lewis.


Cultural status.

The song was ranked No. 217 on "Rolling Stone" magazine's list of "the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time" in 2004. According to Parton, "Jolene" is the song most recorded by other artists of all the songs she has written.  "Jolene" was nominated for two Grammy Awards for Best Female Country Vocal Performance (first for the original release and the following year for a live version). Despite not winning, the song eventually earned Parton a Grammy Award for Best Country Duo/Group Performance 43 years after its original release, for a cover by the a capella group Pentatonix in which she was also featured.  In the film "The Intervention" (Clea Duvall; 2016), Annie (Melanie Lynskey) tells Lola (Alia Shawkat), "Nobody likes a Jolene," after the younger woman stirs up trouble among a group of older couples by making a play for several individuals among them.  A sign of the international extent of the song's popularity appeared during the Covid-19 pandemic when the New Zealand government put the country in lockdown. A newspaper summary of "essential things to know" explained that washing one's hands with soap should take "as long as it takes to sing the "Happy Birthday" song twice or the chorus of Dolly Parton's hit song "Jolene"."

Content.

The song tells of Parton confronting Jolene, a stunningly beautiful woman, who she worries will steal away her lover/husband. Throughout the song, Parton implores Jolene "please, don't take him just because you can." The song is unclear about whether or not Jolene intends to steal Parton's lover, an ambiguity that has been addressed in several answer songs. Onstage in 1988, Dolly told the audience "Jolene" was a true story and the reason she did not like to sing it too often.  In 2019, the podcast "Dolly Parton's America" had an episode addressing the question of whether the narrator's focus on Jolene's beauty and desirability is indicative of her own romantic longings. A musicologist wrote and performed a fourth verse which makes this interpretation explicit; when the podcast's hosts played audio of this performance for Parton, she responded that this was "another take on it".

Background.

According to Parton, the song was inspired by a red-headed bank clerk who flirted with her husband Carl Dean at his local bank branch around the time they were newly married. In an interview, she also revealed that Jolene's name and appearance are based on that of a young fan who came on stage for her autograph.  The song became Parton's second solo number-one single on the country charts after being released as a single in October 1973 (prior to the album's release). It reached the top position in February 1974; it was also a moderate pop hit for her and a minor adult contemporary chart entry., the song had sold 935,000 digital copies in the US since it became available for digital download.  The song was released as a single later in the UK, and became Parton's first top ten hit song in the country, reaching number seven in the UK Singles Chart in 1976. The song also re-entered the chart when Parton performed at the Glastonbury festival in 2014. The song has sold 255,300 digital copies in the UK as of January 2017.  The thumb-picked guitar on the recording is by Chip Young.

The White Stripes version.

"Jolene (Live Under Blackpool Lights)" was released as a live single by American garage rock band The White Stripes. The single reached No. 16 on the UK Singles Chart in November 2004 and also reached No. 12 in Norway and No. 28 in Flemish Belgium. The White Stripes previously released a studio version of "Jolene", as the B-side to their 2000 single of "Hello Operator", from the album "De Stijl". In Australia, the song was ranked No. 10 on Triple J's Hottest 100 of 2004. Another live performance of the song is featured on the 2010 live album "Under Great White Northern Lights". The White Stripes' version was voted one of the greatest live covers by readers of "Rolling Stone" magazine.

Pentatonix version.

In September 2016, the American a cappella group Pentatonix released a cover of the song with Dolly Parton herself as feature artist. The cover won the Grammy Award for Best Country Duo/Group Performance.

Answer songs.

Kirsty Maccoll's 1994 single "Caroline" is in-spirit response song to "Jolene", in which the Jolene character grieves the loss of her best friend (the titular Caroline) after having an affair with Caroline's husband.  In 2011, Estonian indie rock band Ewert and the Two Dragons released an answer song, also titled "Jolene", in response to the original recording. In this version, Parton's "man" directly addresses Jolene, telling her that nothing will ever happen between them and that his current lover would fight to get him back.  In 2012, Canadian indie rock band Hey Ocean! released a song titled "Jolene". The song borrows from Parton's by singing part of the chorus and then dismissing it by saying "But it ain't nothing but her favorite country song."  In 2013, country singer Jennifer Nettles recorded "That Girl", which she stated in interviews should be subtitled "The Ballad of Jolene". The song is written from the perspective of the Jolene character, who Nettle feels is unfairly maligned in the original song. In this version, the other woman is shown to have no interest in taking another woman's man, and her song is in fact framed as a warning to Parton's character that "her man" has a roving eye. The concept of Dolly Parton suffering from paranoia regarding Jolene was also discussed in S01 E03 of musical comedy podcast JimBob's Music Massacre in February 2018.  In 2013, The Beautiful South guitarist David Rotheray recorded an album of answer songs, among which is "Jolene's Song", performed by Julie Murphy. This version of Jolene is equally heartbroken to learn that the man who loves her belongs to another woman and expresses her pain at being painted as a heartless temptress by the original song.  In 2017, American singer-songwriter Cam released her single "Diane" in response to Parton's song. The song is sung from Jolene's point of view, where she sings to 'Diane', Parton's character, and states that she did not know that 'her man' was her man. Cam noted to Rolling Stone Country that the song is her "response to Dolly Parton's 'Jolene.' It's the apology so many spouses deserve, but never get. The other woman is coming forward to break the news to the wife about an affair, respecting her enough to have that hard conversation, once she realized he was married. Because everyone should be able to decide their own path in life, based on the truth. Women especially should do this for each other, since our self-worth can still be so wrapped up in our partners. And in true country fashion, I've set the whole raw story to upbeat music, so you can dance while you process it all."  The protagonist of JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Stone Ocean, Jolyne Cujoh, is named after the song.

"Jolene" is a song written and performed by American country music artist Dolly Parton. It was released on October 15, 1973 as the first single and title track from her album of the same name, produced by Bob Ferguson.

Jolene ist ein Country-Song der US-amerikanischen Sängerin Dolly Parton. Das Stück erschien im Oktober 1973 vorab als Single und im Februar 1974 auf dem gleichnamigen Album. Der Text handelt von der Bitte einer Frau an eine Rivalin, ihr nicht den Mann zu nehmen.


Usage.

A number of musical groups have started to use this domain, with.mu being used to indicate music. Some examples are the rock band Athlete, the country band Lonestar, the British progressive rock bands Muse and Pendragon, the New Age musical project Amethystium and the 80s influenced hardcore metal band Blessed By A Broken Heart. In addition, the UK-based record label Planet Mu also uses the.mu domain, with the.mu forming the second half of the label's name. The world's largest direct seller of musical instruments, (Musician's Friend), also uses a.mu URL (frnd.mu) as a link shortener for several of their social media channels, including Twitter. The French webpage for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (Radio-Canada) uses the.mu domain for its Music network's web-only personalised music streams.

Recent events.

In 2009, a Memorandum of Understanding was signed between Internet Direct and the Government of Mauritius. In 2012, the agreement was not renewed by the Ministry of IT. In July 2013, Internet Direct Limited stated that they would no longer provide services to the Government of Mauritius unless the arrears for domain name registrations and renewals are settled. The National Computer Board of Mauritius refused to pay, claiming that it should be free because they are the Government.  The Information and Communication Technologies Authority (ICTA Mauritius) published a consultation paper in September 2011 and April 2012, with a view to forcing a re-delegation. At the public consultation meeting held on 12 April 2012, the international consultant informed ICTA that their proposal was clumsy and the Government does not have a case for re-delegation, because their proposed model is inappropriate and no proposal will be possible without working together with the current sponsoring organization "Internet Direct Ltd".  In October 2014, the portal of the government of Mauritius was no longer accessible outside the Orange network. Orange is a subsidiary of Mauritius Telecom, the state-owned telecom operator. Various IT experts including staff of AfriNIC, Google and the local Linux Group found that the DNS servers set up by Orange contained incorrect entries, thereby hiding from the Mauritius public the true situation when in fact the services were already disconnected. The Ministry of Information and Communication Technology of Mauritius was not aware of the issue. All the websites hosted on the gov.mu domain name were no longer accessible. It turned out that the Government, despite numerous extensions given to settle the renewal fees, still did not pay for the services and requested the Supreme Court to order Internet Direct Ltd to provide the service for free in perpetuity. Both the Ministry of IT and Internet Direct Ltd have declined to provide any comments about the matter, since the case was still being disputed in court.  In January 2015, the Government formally withdrew their case against Internet Direct Ltd and are in discussion for an amicable settlement for the amount owed by the Government. There has been several meetings since between the various advisers.

.mu is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Mauritius. It is administered by the Mauritius Network Information Centre and registrations are processed via accredited registrars. Some registrars market it as the.music and.museum TLD.

.mu ist die länderspezifische Top-Level-Domain (ccTLD) des Staates Mauritius. Sie wurde am 6. Oktober 1995 eingeführt und wird vom Unternehmen "Internet Direct" mit Sitz in Port Louis verwaltet.


Biography.

Jackson was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He went to school at the Western University of Pennsylvania (now the University of Pittsburgh) from 1879 to 1883, and received his MD from Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia. He also studied laryngology in England.  His work reduced the risks involved in a tracheotomy. He essentially invented the modern science of endoscopy of the upper airway and esophagus, using hollow tubes with illumination (esophagoscopes and bronchoscopes). He developed methods for removing foreign bodies from the esophagus and the airway with great safety — a huge advance for a condition that previously had often been a death sentence, with a high mortality from the object itself or from complications of chest surgery in the 19th century.  Jackson campaigned to put labels on all poisonous or corrosive substances to prevent ingestion accidents. Accordingly, the US Congress passed the Federal Caustic Poison Act of 1927, which has saved countless children from serious injury and death. He was awarded the Franklin Institute's Elliott Cresson Medal in 1929. Jackson authored four monographs, twelve textbooks, and over 400 medical articles. Jackson was a professor at six different schools, including the University of Pittsburgh, Jefferson Medical College, Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania (now Drexel University College of Medicine) and Temple University.  Jackson married in 1899 and had a son, Chevalier Lawrence Jackson, known informally as "C.L.," who went on to become a professor at Temple University. He resided at Sunrise Mill.  When Jackson died in Philadelphia, his obituary referred to him as "one of the greatest, if not the greatest laryngologists of all time." He is buried in West Laurel Hill Cemetery, Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania.

Chevalier Quixote Jackson (November 4, 1865 – August 16, 1958) was an American pioneer in laryngology. He is sometimes known as the "father of endoscopy", although Philipp Bozzini (1773–1809) is also often given this sobriquet. Chevalier Q. Jackson extracted over 2000 swallowed foreign bodies from patients. The collection is currently on display at the Mütter Museum in Philadelphia.

Chevalier Q. Jackson (* 4. November 1865 in Pittsburgh; † 16. August 1958 in Philadelphia) war ein US-amerikanischer Mediziner (Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde), der zu seiner Zeit als einer der bedeutendsten Laryngologen galt.


Club career.

HJK Helsinki.

A product of his hometown club HJK Helsinki, Pohjanpalo emerged through the youth ranks, first appearing with the reserve team (Klubi-04) in 2011 at the age of 16. He made his Veikkausliiga debut on 26 October 2011, starting against RoPS. During his first season in the Finnish 2nd division with Klubi-04, he made 21 appearances, scored a record-breaking 33 league goals and was awarded as the series player of the season. Following his excellent performances with the reserves, Pohjanpalo signed a new contract with HJK on 7 December 2011, keeping him in the Finnish capital until 2015.  Pohjanpalo started HJK Helsinki's first league match of the 2012 Veikkausliiga season on 15 April 2012, scoring a hat-trick within the space of three minutes (162 seconds) against IFK Mariehamn. After a 3-day trial with Liverpool in August 2012, Pohjanpalo was offered a 3-year contract but rejected the deal due to a lack of guaranteed playing time for Liverpool F.C. Reserves. He finished the 2012 season at HJK with 19 goals in 42 games in all competitions.

Bayer Leverkusen.

On 1 September 2013 he was loaned to German Bundesliga team Bayer Leverkusen, who then loaned him to 2. Bundesliga team VfR Aalen. At Aalen Pohjanpalo started 13 matches and appeared in a further 9, scoring 5 goals.  In April 2014 Pohjanpalo renewed his contract with HJK Helsinki, extending it to 2018. At the same time HJK extended his loan contract with Bayer Leverkusen a further two years, which Pohjanpalo spent on loan at Fortuna Düsseldorf. He was voted for the 2. Bundesliga Player of the month in October 2014, following his hat-trick against Darmstadt 98.  On 21 March 2016, Leverkusen announced that they had exercised their option to permanently sign Pohjanpalo. On August 27, 2016 he finally made his debut for the club in their opening game of the 2016-17 Bundesliga against Borussia Mönchengladbach. He scored just a minute after being substituted on, but it was not enough to prevent Leverkusen from losing 2–1. Pohjanpalo came off the bench in Leverkusen's 2nd game of the season and scored a hat-trick, helping Leverkusen achieve a 3–1 win over Hamburger SV. After these two appearances Pohjanpalo had scored 4 goals in just 30 minutes during the first two matches of the season.  On 24 January 2020, Pohjanpalo joined Hamburger SV on loan for the rest of the 2019–20 season.

International career.

Youth.

Pohjanpalo made his debut for the Finland U21 side at the age of 17 on 5 June 2012 against Slovenia.

Senior.

Pohjanpalo made his senior national team debut on 14 November 2012 in a 3−0 victory against Cyprus when he replaced Teemu Pukki as a substitute on the 70th minute. He was close to scoring in a friendly against Slovenia when his shot hit the post and was then finished by Hämäläinen. In the next friendly game against Hungary he finished his first international goal entering the field as a substitute and equalising the game. He made his UEFA European Championship qualification match debut on 7 September 2014 in a match against Faroe Islands when he entered as a 89th minute substitute for Teemu Pukki.

Honours.

Club.

Klubi-04  HJK Helsinki

Joel Pohjanpalo (born 13 September 1994), is a Finnish professional football striker who plays for Hamburger SV, on loan from Bayer Leverkusen and represents the Finland national team. Pohjanpalo was born in Helsinki, Finland where he played for HJK before he was loaned to Bayer 04 Leverkusen at age 19 in 2013.

Joel Pohjanpalo [ˈjo̞e̞l ˈpo̞hjɑ̝mˌpɑ̝lo̞] (* 13. September 1994 in Helsinki) ist ein finnischer Fußballspieler. Er begann seine Karriere im Herrenbereich bereits im Alter von 16 Jahren in der Reservemannschaft Klubi 04 von HJK Helsinki. 2013 ging er nach Deutschland in die 2. Bundesliga, in der er insgesamt drei Jahre für zwei Vereine spielte. Seit der Saison 2016/17 steht er beim deutschen Bundesligisten Bayer 04 Leverkusen unter Vertrag und ist seit Januar 2020 für ein halbes Jahr an den Zweitligisten Hamburger SV ausgeliehen.


History.

The town was named after Francis Marion, a hero of the Revolutionary War. The site was selected in 1839 to be the first county seat of the newly organized Linn County. After years of debate over moving the county seat to Cedar Rapids, it was put to a vote in 1919. The vote was 9,960 in favor of moving the seat and 4,823 not in favor.  Each year, the city hosts the annual "Swamp Fox Festival", a celebration of Marion's heritage named in honor of the "Swamp Fox", Francis Marion's nickname during the Revolutionary War. The event typically includes a 5K run, parade, fireworks, and many other family friendly activities.  The town was the home to St. Berchman's Seminary, established in 1905 by the Sisters of Mercy as a boarding school for small boys. The academy, which closed in 1942, consisted of five buildings spread over 23 acres. One of the most famous residents was actor Don Ameche, who lived in the facility as a boy; he went on to star in the movie "Cocoon". Today, the main building, now housing apartments, is all that remains. The current site of the Indian Creek Country Club was once the home of a sulky horse racing track. In November 2019, Mayor Nick AbouAssaly won a second term over Mary Lou Pazour with 70 percent of the vote.

Geography.

Marion is located at (42.037649, −91.592925).  According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of, of which is land and is water.

Demographics.

2010 census.

As of the census of 2010, there were 34,768 people, 14,108 households, and 9,308 families living in the city. The population density was. There were 15,064 housing units at an average density of. The racial makeup of the city was 93.7% White, 2.0% African American, 0.3% Native American, 1.6% Asian, 0.5% from other races, and 1.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.0% of the population.  There were 14,108 households of which 34.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.5% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.0% were non-families. 28.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.02.  The median age in the city was 36.1 years. 26.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.3% were from 25 to 44; 24.2% were from 45 to 64; and 13.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.3% male and 51.7% female.

2000 census.

As of the census of 2000, there were 26,294 people, 10,458 households, and 7,174 families living in the city. The population density was 2,192.1 people per square mile (846.0/km2). There were 10,968 housing units at an average density of 914.4 per square mile (352.9/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 97.01% White, 0.60% African American, 0.19% Native American, 0.94% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.40% from other races, and 0.84% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.10% of the population.  There were 10,458 households out of which 34.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.1% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.4% were non-families. 26.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.00.  Age spread:26.4% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 31.9% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 11.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.1 males.  The median income for a household in the city was $48,591, and the median income for a family was $59,110. Males had a median income of $40,766 versus $26,241 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,158. About 3.9% of families and 5.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.2% of those under age 18 and 5.4% of those age 65 or over.

Arts and culture.

Museums.

The Granger House Museum is a restored middle-class family home, representing the structural design of the American Victorian age. The house, built in the 1840s, showcases an extensive collection that includes many original furnishings. The brick carriage house, built in 1879 next to the Granger home, is an untouched treasure and the only one of its design in the Midwest. The Granger house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and embodies the lifestyle of a middle-class family living in the late 19th century. The museum has guided tours, demonstrations, and seasonal activities bringing the town's history to life.  The Marion Heritage Center is a church building used originally by the Methodists from the 1850s until 1875. Currently it serves as a community center for educational programs. The history of Marion and its citizens are on display, including art exhibits. Lectures, workshops and other cultural events are scheduled to provide insights into the town's past. In 2008 the center became the permanent home for the fresco mural "Communication by Mail" painting, by the artist Dan Rhodes in 1939 The building is open all year.

Festivals.

The Marion Arts Festival is a one-day event showcasing 50 artists from across the country. Continuous live music and specialty food vendors are also featured. There is a 5K run with prizes awarded to the top 4 winners and for the top 3 placers in 15 different age categories, thanks to generous race sponsors. In a less competitive event there is the 5K Fun walk. The race uses "chip time technology" allowing every participant to know their exact time to complete the race.  The Swamp Fox Festival and Parade is a celebration of the past and the present, the annual Swamp Fox Festival honors Marion's namesake and Revolutionary War hero, Francis Marion, aka the Swamp Fox. Some of the many scheduled events include a golf outing, picnic in the park, live music, craft show, 5K run and fun walk, a pancake breakfast and a community parade.  The Uptown Marion Market features fresh produce, baked goods, honey, flowers, plants, meat, wines, and an array of artisan items. In addition, food vendors onsite offer a variety of take-and-eat items. The market also features live entertainment, cooking demonstrations, children's entertainment, and healthy living programming for all ages.

Sports.

Hunters Ridge Golf Course and Country Club is a public golf course featuring bentgrass from tee to green, four sets of tees, 50 bunkers, and 10 water hazards. Hunters Ridge is spread over 400 acres. The front nine winds through a development while holes 10–18 are narrow with many ponds and wetlands entering the field of play.  Indian Creek Golf and Country Club The 9-hole private course and Country Club facility in Marion, Iowa opened in 1926 features 2,680 yards of golf from the longest tees for a par of 34. The course rating is 35.2 and it has a slope rating of 114 on Rye grass.  Squaw Creek Golf Course is a public course constructed in 1968 and designed by Herman Thompson. Greens are Bent Grass and Fairways are Bluegrass. The course is owned and maintained by Linn County.  Marion is served by two public school districts, the two districts have discussed merging on a number of occasions, dating back to the 1950s. Such a consolidation seems unlikely now, given the size of each school.

Education.

Marion Independent School District encompasses much of the south and east sides of Marion.
 Linn-Mar Community School District includes land primarily on Marion's north, west, and far east sides and areas of Cedar Rapids. Linn-Mar is one of the fastest growing school systems in the state of Iowa. St. Joseph School is a prekindergarten through 8th Grade school founded in 1947. It is a Co-ed school with approximately students enrolled.
 Grace Baptist School is a K-12 co-ed school with students enrolled.  Being part of the Cedar Rapids metropolitan area Marion citizens have access to all of the advanced education opportunities that are available in the area. See the Cedar Rapids Education section for more details.

Media.

Print.

"The Gazette" is the primary daily newspaper for the Cedar Rapids / Marion metro area.  "The Marion Times" is weekly newspaper primarily covering Marion Community and School news.

Transportation.

U.S. 151 and Iowa Highway 13 run north-south through Marion. Seventh Avenue is the major arterial road heading toward Cedar Rapids.  Until 1971, the Milwaukee Road operated several streamliner passenger trains from major cities in the west to Chicago in the east, making their Cedar Rapids regional stop at Marion station.  Bus Route 20 of Cedar Rapids Transit serves Marion.

References.

Mayor: Nicolas AbouAssaly https://www.cityofmarion.org/about-us/mayor-city-council/nick-abouassaly

Marion is a city in Linn County, Iowa, United States. The population was 26,294 at the 2000 census and was 34,768 in 2010, an increase of 32.2%. The city is located next to Cedar Rapids and part of the Cedar Rapids Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Marion ist eine Stadt (mit dem Status „City“) im Linn County im Osten des US-amerikanischen Bundesstaates Iowa. Im Jahr 2010 hatte die Stadt 34.768 Einwohner.


Early life and education.

Zagari was born in Milano on 14 September 1913. He held a law degree, which he received from the University of Milan. He attended courses of political economy at the University of Berlin.  During World War II, he was an anti-Nazi resistance militant.

Career.

After the war Zagari began his political activity. He was leader of the anti-Stalinist group, called Iniziativa Socialista. He became a member of the Socialist Party on 18 July 1952. He remained as a member of the party until 24 July 1989. He served as the undersecretary at the ministry of foreign affairs for three times (specifically, from 23 February 1966 to 5 June 1968, from 22 July 1964 to 21 January 1966 and from 12 December 1968 to 5 July 1969).  At the beginning of the 1970s Zagari served as the minister of commerce and led the first Italian commercial delegation to China in 1971. He was the justice minister from 7 July 1973 to 23 November 1974. Then he became one of twelve vice president of the European parliament on 27 October 1976 and held the post until 18 January 1982. He was part of the socialist group in the parliament. He ran for the presidency of the parliament in the elections held in July 1979, but lost the election. In addition, he served at different commissions and delegations of the parliament from 14 March 1978 to 24 July 1989.

Controversy.

After leaving office as justice minister Zagari was charged with abusing official acts, and making them public. The inquiry committee of the parliament, whose twenty members had been selected in proportion to the membership of the parties, rejected the case with a majority vote.

Death and legacy.

Zagari died in Rome on 29 February 1996. He was buried in the Protestant Cemetery in Rome. On the tenth anniversary of his death a book by him and Giuseppe Muzzi was republished in 2006.

Mario Zagari (14 September 1913 – 29 February 1996) was an Italian socialist politician, who served in the Italian parliament and in the European parliament as well as in the Italian governments in various capacities.

Mario Zagari (* 14. September 1913 in Mailand; † 29. Februar 1996 in Rom) war ein italienischer Jurist, Journalist und Politiker verschiedener sozialistischer Parteien, der unter anderem mehrere Jahre Mitglied der Abgeordnetenkammer ("Camera dei deputati"), Minister verschiedener Ressorts sowie Mitglied des Europäischen Parlaments war.


Internationale Filmfestspiele von Cannes 2012

Juries.

Μain competition.

The following people were appointed as the Jury for the feature films of the 2012 Official Selection:

Independent juries.

The following independent juries awarded films in the frame of the International Critics' Week.  Nespresso Grand Prize  France 4 Visionary Award  Nikon Discovery Award for Short Film

Official selection.

The official selection was announced on 19 April at Grand Hôtel in Paris. Among comments after the announcement, journalists noted the unusually high number of Hollywood films in the line-up, the absence of any female director in the main competition, as well as the absence of competing first-time feature film directors. The festival's artistic leader Thierry Frémaux responded that people should not focus only on the competition films: "The selection is an ensemble; you have to consider the whole package."

In competition - Feature films.

The following films were selected as In Competition. The Palme d'Or winner has been highlighted.

Un Certain Regard.

The following films were screened in the Un Certain Regard section. The Un Certain Regard Prize winner has been highlighted.

Films out of Competition.

The following films were screened out of competition:

Special screenings.

The following films were screened in the Special Screenings section:

Cinéfondation.

The Cinéfondation section focuses on films made by students at film schools. The following entries were selected, out of more than 1,700 submissions from 320 different schools. The winner of the Cinéfondation First Prize has been highlighted.

Short film competition.

Out of 4,500 submissions, the following films were selected for the short film competition. The Short film Palme d'Or winner has been highlighted.

Cannes Classics.

The following films were screened in the Cannes Classics section. The Hungarian "montage film" "", directed by György Pálfi, was selected as the closing film for the Cannes Classics section.  Documentaries about Cinema Restored prints

Cinéma de la Plage.

The Cinéma de la Plage is a part of the Official Selection of the festival. The outdoors screenings at the beach cinema of Cannes are open to the public.

Parallel sections.

International Critics' Week.

The line-up for the International Critics’ Week was announced on 23 April at the section's website. The feature competition consists entirely of directorial debuts, something the section's artistic director Charles Tesson stressed was not intentional, but only the way it turned out when the submissions had been judged by quality. The following films were selected.  Feature films - The winner of the Grand Prix Nespresso has been highlighted.  Short and medium length films Special Screenings

Directors' Fortnight.

The line-up for the Directors' Fortnight was announced at a press conference on 24 April. The following films were selected:  Feature films - The winner of the Art Cinema Award has been highlighted.  Short films - The winner of the Premier Prix Illy for Short Filmmaking has been highlighted.

Awards.

Official awards.

The Palme d'Or was won by the French-language film "Amour" directed by Michael Haneke. Haneke previously won the award for "The White Ribbon" in 2009. "Love" tells the story of an elderly couple preparing for death. During his acceptance speech, the director said "A very, very big thanks to my actors who have made this film. It's their film. They are the essence of this film."  Moretti said that none of the winners had been selected unanimously, and described such an outcome as "a middle ground that would have pleased no one". He revealed that "Holy Motors", "Paradise: Love" and "Post Tenebras Lux" were the entries that most had divided the jury.  The following films and people received the 2011 Official selection awards: In Competition Un Certain Regard Golden Camera Cinéfondation Short Films

Independent awards.

FIPRESCI Prizes  Vulcan Award of the Technical Artist  Ecumenical Jury  Awards in the frame of International Critics' Week  Awards in the frame of Directors' Fortnight  Prize of the Youth Jury  Association Prix François Chalais  Queer Palm Jury  Palm Dog Jury

The 65th Cannes Film Festival was held from 16 to 27 May 2012. Italian film director Nanni Moretti was the President of the Jury for the main competition and British actor Tim Roth was the President of the Jury for the Un Certain Regard section. French actress Bérénice Bejo hosted the opening and closing ceremonies.

Die 65. Internationalen Filmfestspiele von Cannes fanden vom 16. bis 27. Mai 2012 statt. Eröffnet wurde das Filmfestival mit Wes Andersons US-amerikanischen Independent-Film "Moonrise Kingdom". Als Abschlussfilm wurde der französische Beitrag "Thérèse" des Anfang April 2012 verstorbenen Regisseurs Claude Miller benannt. Der internationalen Jury, die u. a. die Goldene Palme, den Hauptpreis des Festivals, vergab, stand dieses Jahr der Italiener Nanni Moretti vor. Den Hauptpreis gewann der Spielfilm "Liebe" ("Amour") von Michael Haneke.


History.

FOI was created in 2001 by combining the Swedish National Defence Research Institute (FOA) with the National Aeronautical Research Institute (FFA). The first of these agencies, FFA, had been created in 1940 in Bromma, Stockholm as a governmental research institute for the Swedish aviation industry, large parts of which were devoted to military aircraft. The second, FOA, had been created in 1945 from three existing organisations:  Soon after FOA's creation in 1945, the organisation was tasked with investigating the novel invention of nuclear weapons. This included protection activities and investigations, but also preparations for a possible Swedish nuclear weapon program. In the 1950s and 1960s, nuclear research constituted a considerable part of FOA's activities. After Sweden signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in 1968, the remaining nuclear development activities were dismantled, and only protection research remained in the nuclear area.  Initially, all FOA activities were located in the Stockholm region, but in the 1970s some parts were relocated to Karlstad, Linköping, and Umeå. In 2005, several of FOI's activities in the Stockholm region were consolidated at a common location in Kista.  When FOI was created in 2001 from FOA and FFA, the number of employees stood at around 1,300. In the early 2000s, activities at FOI were scaled back as a cost-saving measure. In 2007, the number of employees had been reduced to around 1,000, where it has remained.

FOI funding and staff.

The institute is organised under the Swedish Ministry of Defence, which provides a large part of its budget. FOI also receives funding from other Swedish government institutions and, to a lesser extent, from the EU. FOI also conducts research commissioned by private customers on commercial terms, including outside Sweden. In 2019, FOI had a budget of approximately 1.25 billion SEK.  In 2019, FOI employed 983 people, including "scientists, social scientists, economists, legal practitioners, and philosophers". One third of employees were women. 39 percent of employees, excluding supporting staff, held doctoral degrees. The average age was 46 years old for both sexes.

FOI research areas.

The activities of FOI include research, development of technology, and analysis, primarily for military defence, but also for civil emergencies, security, and other civilian applications. FOI also studies security policy, conflicts, and international affairs. According to its website, FOI is organised into five sections, four of which engage in research and one that provides administrative support:  FOI reports are published online or in print, in Swedish and/or in English.

Swedish Defence Research Agency (, FOI; literal translation: "Total Defence Research Institute") is a government agency in Sweden for defence research.

Das Totalförsvarets forskningsinstitut (FOI) (zu deutsch "Forschungsinstitut für Verteidigung") ist eine schwedische Forschungseinrichtung mit Hauptsitz in Kista. Ihre Aufgaben sind Forschung und Entwicklung im Bereich der Verteidigungspolitik und des Zivilschutzes. Sie ist dem schwedischen Verteidigungsministerium unterstellt. Im Jahre 2007 beschäftigte sie etwa 1000 Personen.


Biography.

Chandler's influences go back to New Jersey, growing up in a family of jazz musicians. His father, Joseph Chandler, was a DJ and provided him with a background in the origins of soul, disco and the New York Underground Sound. Accompanying his father to gigs, he began playing records at the Rally Racquet Club in East Orange, New Jersey at the age of thirteen.  Aged fourteen, he began interning in studios and producing music. Since the release of his first single "SuperLover/Get It Off" on Atlantic Records in 1991, Chandler has released over 100 records. He was a resident DJ at Club Zanzibar in Newark, New Jersey in the 1980s as well, home to the Jersey Sound brand of deep house or garage house.  He is the founder of the house music label Madhouse Records (not to be confused with Dave Kelly's reggae label of the same name) whose signings include Roy Ayers and Dennis Ferrer and more recently MadTech Records, whose roster includes No Artificial Colours, Citizen, Kashii, Waze & Odyssey and Waifs & Strays.  In 2016 he founded his third record label, Kaoz Theory, which has included releases from notable artists Jamie Jones, Satoshi Tomiie, Seth Troxler and The Martinez Brothers.

International dates.

In 2016, Chandler appeared at Phonox Club in London in September and had dates in Dublin, Paris, Switzerland and Glasgow over the end of the year, late December and 1 January, among other appearances.  For a 72-hours-of-sunlight solstice festival 2017, Chandler has signed along with The Prodigy, Dubfire, Dusky, Above & Beyond's deep house label Anjunadeep, electronic music collective Crew Love, Wolf + Lamb, ATG, Soul Clap, Circoloco and Yotto. "The festival is themed after" the Norse religion and mythology, Asatru, according to a 2016 announcement.  Noting the ranking of its local club, Digital, #31 in the 2016 "DJ Mag" world's top 40, Newcastle, England's local paper noted acts Patrick Topping and "techno and house giants such as Ben Klock, Kerri Chandler, Skream and Hannah Wants".

Kerri Camar Chandler (born 28 September 1969) is an American house DJ and record producer. He also serves on the Advisory Council of Messaging Extraterrestrial Intelligence (METI).

Kerri Chandler (* 28. September 1969 in East Orange) ist ein US-amerikanischer Musikproduzent und DJ und bekannt für seine Stücke im Bereich Deep House.


History.

The exact date of the foundation of Queilén is unknown. In 1703 there was an Arab community with a chapel and in 1771 a new church was built. Jesuit missionaries and Spanish settlers, granted encomiendas in the area, gradually occupied Queilén.  Between 1818 and 1821 the Spanish cavalry captain Antonio Cipriano, explored the coastline and drew up maps, preparing the population for military resistance to the expected Chilean landings. In 1890, in recognition of his accomplishments, the area was named after captain Grille. It seems that the community never accepted the name "Puerto Grille" and simply continued to use Queilén.

Architecture.

In 1867, Queilén was a little Chilote port with a church. Around 1924 it comprised a few houses, chapel, post office, customs, telegraph, civil registry and state schools. In 1937 a fire destroyed 15 houses, this, added to the isolation of the community, contributed to emigration towards Castro and Ancud. There was a gradual degeneration of the visual quality of the town, which is now being reversed by the incentive of tourism.

Demographics.

According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Queilén spans an area of and has 5,138 inhabitants (2,663 men and 2,475 women). Of these, 1,912 (37.2%) lived in urban areas and 3,226 (62.8%) in rural areas. The population grew by 3.8% (186 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses.

Services.

Queilen city have basic services like hotel, cash dispenser, hospital, cultural center, museum, library, gas station, restaurants, supermarkets, telephone service, police office, aerodrome, port and pier.

Administration.

As a commune, Queilén is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2008-2012 alcalde is Carlos Gómez Miranda (PDC).  Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Queilén is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Gabriel Ascencio (PDC) and Alejandro Santana (RN) as part of the 58th electoral district, (together with Castro, Ancud, Quemchi, Dalcahue, Curaco de Vélez, Quinchao, Puqueldón, Chonchi, Quellón, Chaitén, Hualaihué, Futaleufú and Palena). The commune is represented in the Senate by Camilo Escalona Medina (PS) and Carlos Kuschel Silva (RN) as part of the 17th senatorial constituency (Los Lagos Region).

Queilén is a town and commune in the Archipelago of Chiloé in southern Chile. It covers a portion of the southeast of the Greater Island of Chiloé, between the communes of Chonchi, Quellón, Tranqui Island and Acuy Island. For the 2002 census, the population of the town had grown to 1,912 inhabitants, according to INE; the municipality had a population of 5,138.

Queilen ist eine Gemeinde ("Comuna") im Süden Chiles an der Ostküste der Insel Chiloé in der Región de los Lagos.


Ownership.

The company began operating in 1980 as the Gateway Bridge Company.  On 2 June 2009, the Queensland Government announced the 'Renewing Queensland Plan' that would sell assets to raise $15 billion, and avoid a further $12 billion required in future capital investment. Queensland Motorways was included in this process.  In 2011, the Queensland Government transferred ownership of Queensland Motorways to the Queensland Government’s Defined Benefit Fund (a superannuation scheme for Queensland public servants) managed by the Queensland Investment Corporation (QIC). Queensland Motorways now operates under a 40–year Road Franchise Agreement with the state. This transfer set out that the Queensland Government would continue to own the road and bridge infrastructure on the Gateway and Logan Motorways, while QIC would own the QML business and the right to toll the motorways. It also limited toll increases to not exceed CPI increases.  On 12 December 2013, QIC announced that Queensland Motorways, with an estimated value of more than $5 billion, would be auctioned off. It was claimed that a change of ownership would not have any impact on existing tolls. Indicative bids will be made by the end of January, and then shortlisted bidders will then be requested submit binding bids, with the process scheduled for completion in April 2014. On 2 July 2014 a consortium comprising Transurban, AustralianSuper and Tawreed Investments completed financial close on the acquisition of Queensland Motorways for $7 billion.  In late January 2015 the Queensland Motorways corporate brand was replaced by the Transurban brand and logo.

Tolling system.

Queensland Motorways launched its toll payment brand, "go via" (now known as Linkt) in 2009 to support the introduction of a non-stop, electronic tolling system on its toll road network and on other Australian toll roads.  Vehicles are detected as they travel through a toll point and tolled in two ways. Firstly, with an in-vehicle tag device. Alternatively with video sensors identify the vehicle and registration plate number as it passes through a toll point. Motorists have three days to pay their tolls. If tolls are not paid within that time, offending motorists will receive toll notices, which will include an administration fee, in addition to the toll charge. If payment is still not made upon receipt of the toll notice, a motorist may be issued with a Penalty Infringement Notice.

Acquisitions.

In December 2013 Queensland Motorways acquired the rights to manage and toll the CLEM7 tunnel in a $618 million deal with RiverCity Motorway's receivers.

Queensland Motorways manages the 70 kilometre long Linkt (formerly "go via") network of tolled roads in Brisbane which includes the: Clem Jones Tunnel (CLEM7), Go Between Bridge, Gateway Motorway and Sir Leo Hielscher Bridges; the Gateway Extension, Logan Motorway and Legacy Way.

Queensland Motorways ist ein Verkehrsunternehmen in Brisbane, Australien. Das Unternehmen hat einen Franchisevertrag mit der Regierung von Queensland, der es auf 40 Jahre für Mautstraßen rund um Brisbane verantwortlich macht. Queensland Motorways ist zuständig für die Instandhaltung, den Ausbau und Betrieb des Gateway Motorway und Logan Motorway.


Qualification process.

Qualification started in the pool stage of RWC 2011. 12 teams received an automatic qualification berth by finishing in the top 3 positions of their respective pools.  A further 8 berths for the tournament were then available through regional tournaments and the repechage process.  The non-automatic qualification process began on 24 March 2012, by the end of which 80 teams had competed over 184 matches.  The pool draw for the 2015 Rugby World Cup took place on 3 December 2012. As with the 2011 tournament, the top 12 teams were grouped into 3 bands for the pool draw as per their IRB Rankings on that date, while the other 8 qualifying teams were split into a fourth and fifth band. One team from each band was drawn into each pool.

Regional qualification.

Seven of the final eight places were assigned to different regions by the IRB; the last place was decided by a repechage series.  Regional Qualification began on March 24, 2012, when Mexico hosted and defeated Jamaica in Mexico City. The match was refereed by Craig Joubert, who refereed the 2011 Rugby World Cup Final.  In all, 96 national teams have been involved in the 2015 World Cup - 12 as automatic qualifiers and 84 as entrants in the qualification rounds.  <br>

Repechage qualification.

Following the end of the regional qualification process, four teams (one from each region, except Oceania) took part in the Repechage process for the final spot at the Rugby World Cup. The final was played over a two-match home and away basis. The team with the higher aggregate score, Uruguay, became the 20th and final team at the 2015 Rugby World Cup.

The qualification process for the 2015 Rugby World Cup began during the pool stages of the 2011 tournament in New Zealand, during which the top three teams from each of the four pools were awarded automatic qualification for the 2015 event. A further eight teams qualified through regional tournaments and the repechage process. The tournament was held in England; it began on 18 September 2015 and finished on 31 October.

An der Endrunde der Rugby-Union-Weltmeisterschaft 2015, die im September und Oktober in England ausgetragen wird, nehmen 20 Mannschaften teil. Vorab startberechtigt sind jeweils die drei Bestplatzierten aller vier Vorrundengruppen der Weltmeisterschaft 2011. Für die übrigen acht Startplätze finden kontinentale und interkontinentale Qualifikationsturniere statt. Europa und Amerika haben je zwei feste Startplätze zur Verfügung, Afrika, Asien und Ozeanien je einen, der letzte verbleibende Startplatz wird in einer letzten Qualifikationsrunde, Repechage genannt, mit jeweils einem Teilnehmer aus Europa, Afrika, Amerika und Asien ermittelt.


Biography.

Born 15 December 1792, at Gundenham, near Wellington, England, Haviland was apprenticed in 1811 to a London architect. In 1815 he unsuccessfully pursued an appointment to the Russian Imperial Corps of Engineers. In Russia, however, he met George von Sonntag and John Quincy Adams, who encouraged him to work in the United States. He arrived in Philadelphia in 1816, and soon established himself as one of the few professional architects in the city. By 1818, Haviland produced a book, "The Builder's Assistant", which appeared in three volumes over several years. This publication was one of the earliest architectural pattern books written and published in North America, and likely the first to include Greek and Roman classical orders.  In part due to "The Builder's Assistant", Haviland began to secure what would be his most important commissions in Philadelphia: the Eastern State Penitentiary, the Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf and Dumb (now Dorrance Hamilton Hall, University of the Arts), and the original Franklin Institute building (now home to the Atwater Kent Museum).  During this time, Haviland unwisely speculated in his own projects, including commercial arcades in Philadelphia and New York, as well as an amusement park. He was eventually forced into bankruptcy, tarnishing his professional reputation in Philadelphia. Elsewhere, however, Haviland's reputation as a designer of prisons brought him important commissions, including the New Jersey Penitentiary, The Tombs in New York City, and prisons in Missouri, Rhode Island, and Arkansas.  Haviland was an Honorary and Corresponding Member of the Royal Institute of British Architects. In 1827, he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Honorary Academician.

Personal life.

On July 2, 1819, Haviland was married to Mary Wright von Sonntag by the Right Rev. William White, Bishop of Pennsylvania. She was the sister of George von Sonntag and the daughter of Captain William Ludwig von Sonntag of the French Army. Together, they had a son:  He died March 28, 1852 in Philadelphia and was buried in the family vault at St. Andrews Church (designed by Haviland) in Philadelphia (now the Greek Orthodox Cathedral of St. George).

John Haviland (15 December 1792 – 28 March 1852) was an English-born architect who was a major figure in American Neo-Classical architecture, and one of the most notable architects working from Philadelphia in the 19th century.

John Haviland (* 15. Dezember 1792 in Gundenham, England; † 1852 in Philadelphia, USA) war ein US-amerikanischer Architekt, der eine Hauptfigur des amerikanischen Klassizismus war und zu den namhaftesten Architekten Philadelphias im 19. Jahrhundert gehört. Bekanntheit erreichte er insbesondere durch seine Gefängnisbauten.


History.

The group consisted of Gene Puerling (bass-baritone or fourth voice, arranger, leader, and occasional soloist), Bob Strasen (baritone or third voice), Bob Morse (baritone or second voice and frequent soloist) and Clark Burroughs (tenor or first voice/lead). In 1959, Bob Strasen left the group after he began losing his voice to unknown causes. After Strasen's departure, Bob Morse switched to the Baritone or third part, and tenor Don Shelton sang the second part.  They were occasionally supported by Frank Sinatra. Clare Fischer was their pianist for years and occasionally wrote arrangements for the group.  The Hi-Lo's recorded the theme song to the 1956 television series "Noah's Ark". They were also featured on the soundtrack of the motion picture "Everything's Ducky" (1961), contributing three songs: "Everything's Ducky," "Moonlight Music" and "The Scuttlebutt Walk." They also made numerous appearances on television and had many live performances. The first group that had the Hi-Lo's name was a Barbershop quartet out of Wisconsin. None of those original members were in Gene Puerling's group which started some years later, Barbershop Harmony Society.

Individual group members.

In 1966, Puerling and Shelton along with Bonnie Herman and Len Dressler, formed another vocal group, The Singers Unlimited. This group gave a wide range for Puerling's arrangements, for the four singers multi-tracked as many as 16 voices. For that reason The Singers Unlimited were exclusively a recording group.  Bob Strasen died February 28, 1994, and Bob Morse on April 27, 2001. Afterward, Puerling, Shelton and Burroughs still appeared very occasionally as the Hi-Lo's in and around Southern California. Shelton is an accomplished reed player and has played in Clare Fischer's bands. Clark Burroughs is semi-retired and can sometimes be heard on film soundtracks.  On March 25, 2008, Gene Puerling died just before his 79th birthday.

Legacy.

The Hi-Lo's and especially their innovative use of vocal harmony, were an influence on the groups and musicians Take 6, The King's Singers, The Manhattan Transfer, Chanticleer, The Free Design, Herbie Hancock, and Brian Wilson.

Further reading.

Books.

Warner, Jay. "The 1950s". "American Singing Groups: From 1940 to Today". Milwaukee, WI: Hal Leonard Corporation. 2006. p. 224.

The Hi-Lo's were a vocal quartet formed in 1953, who achieved their greatest fame in the late 1950s and 1960s. The group's name is a reference to their extreme vocal and physical ranges (Bob Strasen and Bob Morse were tall, Gene Puerling and Clark Burroughs were short).

The Hi-Lo's waren eine 1953 in Los Angeles gegründete A-cappella-Vokalgruppe des Jazz und Pop. Sie nahmen zahlreiche Platten auf und hatten einen weitreichenden musikalischen Einfluss, zum Beispiel auf Manhattan Transfer und die King's Singers, aber auch kalifornische Popgruppen wie die Beach Boys oder die Mamas and Papas.