History.

The present church is the third structure built on the same site. The first cathedra was erected after the Edict of Milan in 313 and destroyed by an earthquake on 3 January 1117. It was rebuilt in Romanesque style: the appearance of that medieval church can be seen in the frescoes by Giusto de' Menabuoi in the adjoining baptistery. The current building dates from a reconstruction during the sixteenth century. While in the past the design was attributed to Michelangelo, it was performed rather by Andrea della Valle and Agostino Righetto, and has much in common with earlier Paduan churches. Construction began on the new Renaissance building in 1551 and went on for two centuries, being completed in 1754, yet leaving the façade unfinished.  The Cathedral Basilica of Santa Maria Assunta is dedicated to the Assumption of Mary, and has the dignity of minor basilica. It is also a parish center and allows for veneration of the bodies of San Daniele, San Leonino and San Gregorio Barbarigo.

Paleochristian Age.

Tradition says that the first cathedral, dedicated to Santa Giustina, was built after the Edict of Constantine. A pillar of stone surmounted by a cross marks its location in the current churchyard. During a restoration (ca 462 or 602) the Episcopal see of Patavium was joined to that of Santa Maria. Bishop Tricidio restored the cathedral in 620 and it was again rebuilt between 899-900 due to a fire. In 1075 the Bishop Olderico consecrated the new cathedral on the ruins of the previous church. For this last step construction, later historians suppose that the facade was located to the east, with a confession and a crypt under the apse where bishop Tricidio is buried. His tombstone was discovered during the excavation of the foundations. This basilica collapsed during the 3 January 1117 earthquake.  Excavation and research by the Chair of Medieval Archeology at the University of Padua between 2011 and 2012 has expanded knowledge of the entire area around the Episcopal Palace, the Cathedral, and the Baptistery. In the north-east corner of the churchyard, they found the base of a tower with a square plan (10x10 metres; 33x33 ft.) Romanesque style from between the 10th and 12th century. The excavations found the foundations of buildings from between the ninth and eleventh century. North of the baptistery are a series of mosaic pavements from the fourth and the fifth centuries. Among the finds are: a sarcophagus in stone for relics, a Lacerta altar dating from the fifth or sixth century, fragments of liturgical furnishings from various eras, graves (56 individuals), and traces of home workshops from the Longobard age.

The cathedral of Macillo.

As a result of the earthquake of 1117, a new cathedral was erected by architect Macillo, it is not clear whether on the ruins of the cathedral of Olderico or to a new location; it opens onto a piazza and churchyard. It was consecrated the 24 April 1180. The new church stood in area of the current cathedral, with the identical orientation (facade to the east and presbytery to the west) divided into three naves and the transept. The side aisle to the south overlooked a road that skirted the Episcopal Palace and the bell tower; the side aisle to the north was contiguous to the cloister of the canons and the baptistery. Inside the nave the aisles were divided by columns and pillars, alternative in the Ottonian tradition. In 1227 the campanile was rebuilt. Bishop Stephen from Carrara promoted some restoration and embellishment of the vaults (1399 and 1400).

The new cathedral.

Bishop Peter Barozzi wanted to modernize the church with the construction of a new, great presbytery. The first stone was blessed and placed in the foundation 6 May 1522 by Cardinal Francis Pisani, who with the Canons and the prebendati funded the reconstruction. The project continued over two centuries. On 2 January 1551 the chapter of canons approved the model for the presbytery by Michelangelo Buonarroti to replace that of Jacopo Sansovino. The design of Michelangelo was completed within the next few decades. The presbytery was inaugurated by Bishop Federico Cornaro on 14 April 1582. Cornaro had to remove the old medieval bell tower initiated by Cardinal Pisani. The old facade was extended and adorned. Toward 1635 the construction of the right arm of the transept was begun and in 1693 the left side. The remains of the old cathedral were gradually removed and the new nave, designed by Gerolamo Frigimelica and Francesco Maria Preti, as well as Giambattista Novello, built on the same site. The cathedral was consecrated on 25 August 1754 by Cardinal Carlo Rezzonico. It was then designated a minor basilica. Construction of the dome began in 1756 under the direction of John Glory and Giorgio Massari.

Exterior.

The Basilica of Santa Maria Assunta stands between the episcopal palace and the Baptistery. It is a Latin cross with three bays and an octagonal dome. The dome of the Glory is covered in lead. Two sacristies adjoin the presbytery, one for the Canons and the other for the Prebendati. Between the Prebendati sacristy and the transept is the bell tower. The side doors open onto a small courtyard for the presbytery and onto the Via Duomo, by the carriage entrance to the Episcopal palace. On the bell tower is a plaque from the Roman era that mentions the Gens Fabia of Veio, a title in the history of Padua from 49 B.C. The facade onto which open the three portals is incomplete. According to the plans of Gerolamo Frigimelica and Preti, it would have had to open to an airy atrium of access and onto the upper floor. In the facade is a great, classic pediment supported by six mighty semi-columns of the Corinthian order. A second construction to connect atrium, the loggia, and the episcopal palace would have opened to a covered ramp on the right, but was left unfinished. During the First World War a bomb hit the upper part of the facade. A small rose opening was created during the restoration.

Interior.

The nave is flanked by an aisle on each side, harmoniously matched with the nave. The central nave has two large elliptical domes, matched to the chapels of St. Gregory Barbarigo and San Lorenzo Giustiniani. A large circular dome rises over the crossing. Chapels line the side aisles. Under the presbytery, the crypt is the Chapel of Santa Cross.

Right aisle and chapels.

The first chapel on the right has an altar donated in 1760 by the Fraglia (guild) of the shoemakers, and an altarpiece by Dionisio Gardini depicting St Pius X as a seminarian in Padua. Originally it had a canvas by Giambattista Mingardi depicting the "Martyrdom of Saints Crispin and Crispiniano", patron of shoemakers. In the second chapel, the altarpiece depicts the "Martyrdom of San Lorenzo" by Alessandro Galvano. The chapel of San Lorenzo Giustiniani has an altarpiece commissioned by Bishop Nicholas Antonio Giustiniani to honor his ancestor. The bishop is buried in the chapel. The white marble statue (1788) was sculpted by Felice Chiereghin. The altarpiece depicting the "Virgin and saints" is attributed to Alessandro Varotari "the Padovanino". The walls' epigraphs and the remains of episcopalian funerary monuments belonged to the Macilliana cathedral. From 1809, behind the altar, hidden by a marble slab, is the body of San Leolino bishop of Padua, previously venerated in the church of San Leolino in Prà della Valle. At the next altar is a modern representation of the Sacred Heart (R. Mulata), replacing "San Carlo Borromeo in prayer" by Giovanni Battista Bissoni which was removed to the Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua. In porch of the gate to the rectory are two monuments by Girolamo Campagna, the one on the left of Sperone Speroni and the one on the right of the daughter Giulia Speroni.

Baptistery of the cathedral.

The Baptistery of Padua, located to the right of the cathedral, dates from the twelfth century. It was revised the following century. and consecrated by Guido, Patriarch of Grado in 1281. There is also the mausoleum of the Carraresi. The frescoes which decorate it (1375–76) are by Giusto de Menabuoi.

Capitulary Library.

Holdings of the Capitular Library are kept on the premises above the sacristy of the Canons.

Padua Cathedral () is a Roman Catholic minor basilica and the cathedral located on the east end of Piazza Duomo, adjacent to the Bishop's palace, in Padua, region of Veneto, Italy. The cathedral, dedicated to the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, is the seat of the bishop of Padua. The church building, first erected as seat of a bishop of the diocese in the 4th century, has undergone major reconstructions over the centuries.

Die Kathedrale von Padua ("Basilica cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta" – „Kathedral-Basilika Mariä Himmelfahrt“) in Padua ist die Bischofskirche des römisch-katholischen Bistums Padua.


History.

Morris was platted in 1869 and named for Charles A. Morris, a railroad official. A post office has been in operation at Morris since 1871. Morris was incorporated as a city in 1902.  The federal government and state in the 19th century had programs to try to assimilate Native Americans to the majority culture. The Sisters of Mercy Roman Catholic order, led by Sister Mary Joseph Lynch, established a boarding school for Indians in Morris, operating it from 1887 until 1896 under contract to the federal government. Initially most students came from Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians, which had many Catholic converts. The Morris Industrial School for Indians was to prepare students for jobs in the industrializing culture.  The federal government then appointed staff to manage the school into the early 20th century, before transferring it to the state. After the state took over the school in the early 20th century for general education, it taught agricultural topics. Agriculture has continued to be a major part of the economy. In 1909 the University of Minnesota established the West Central School of Agriculture (WCSA), and Morris closed.  When the state announced a phase-out plan for Morris and similar agricultural schools, a grassroots citizens movement convinced the state to establish a public college on the Morris campus. In the fall of 1960, the University of Minnesota, Morris opened its doors to students seeking a liberal arts education. It has been ranked as a "Top 10 Public Liberal Arts College" by "U.S. News and World Report" and one of "America's Top Colleges" by "Forbes."  The city contains five properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places: the 1881 Lewis H. Stanton House, the 1899 Morris Industrial School for Indians Dormitory, the 1905 Morris Carnegie Library, and the early-20th-century West Central School of Agriculture and Experiment Station Historic District. The Morris High School, begun in 1914, is also listed even though it was demolished in 2013.  The 1975 Morris earthquake occurred on July 9, and was the state's largest 20th-century earthquake, rated at 4.6 M. Eighteen years later, on June 4, 1993, another quake slightly shook the community. This one measured 4.1 in magnitude and ranks as the third-largest earthquake in Minnesota of the 20th century.

Geography.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of ; is land and is water. Lake Crystal is in the southwestern part of the town; the Pomme de Terre River flows through the town's eastern extremity. U.S. Highway 59 and Minnesota State Highways 9 and 28 are three of the main routes in the town.

Demographics.

2010 census.

As of the census of 2010, there were 5,286 people, 1,986 households, and 1,021 families residing in the city. The population density was. There were 2,199 housing units at an average density of. The racial makeup of the city was 90.9% White, 1.3% African American, 1.5% Native American, 2.5% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.1% from other races, and 2.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.2% of the population.  There were 1,986 households, of which 23.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.7% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 48.6% were non-families. 35.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.87.  The median age in the city was 26.5 years. 17.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 30.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 17.4% were from 25 to 44; 18.1% were from 45 to 64; and 16.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.6% male and 53.4% female.

2000 census.

As of the census of 2000, there were 5,068 people, 1,929 households, and 985 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,183.2 people per square mile (457.2/km). There were 2,067 housing units at an average density of 482.6 per square mile (186.5/km). The racial makeup of the town was 93.63% White, 1.76% African American, 1.22% Native American, 1.54% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.63% from other races, and 1.20% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.48% of the population.  There were 1,929 households, out of which 23.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.0% were married couples living together, 6.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 48.9% were non-families. 36.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.20 and the average family size was 2.84.  In the town the population was spread out, with 16.7% under the age of 18, 34.2% from 18 to 24, 19.0% from 25 to 44, 13.9% from 45 to 64, and 16.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.6 males.  The median income for a household in the town was $31,786, and the median income for a family was $46,556. Males had a median income of $34,323 versus $22,338 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,607. About 8.4% of families and 22.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.6% of those under age 18 and 14.9% of those age 65 or over.

Economy.

Agribusiness contributes to the economy, as the region is still mostly rural. The state university is a major employer at its three facilities.  Manufacturer Superior Industries employs about 800 people at its two plants in town. A majority of Superior's workforce is skilled in engineering or fabrication. The company manufactures steel conveyors and storage tanks for industries handling dry bulk, fuels and gases. "Inc." magazine ranks Superior Industries as one of the fastest-growing private companies in the United States.

Higher education.

The University of Minnesota Morris (UMM) is one of five campuses in the University of Minnesota system. It was established as a public college in 1960, on the grounds of the Morris Industrial School for Indians, which had also operated as an agricultural school. UMM has an enrollment of about 1,900 students and 145 teaching faculty. Some 61 students made up the first graduating class in 1961. Since then, Morris has conferred more than 10,000 degrees.  Morris is home to the West Central Research and Outreach Center, a division of the greater University of Minnesota's College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences. WCROC's faculty and staff study agronomy, soil science, livestock, horticulture, renewable energy and swine production.  WCROC is home to the University of Minnesota's Horticulture Gardens. During the last decade, the privately funded research gardens have gained increasing popularity. Their design has increased in aesthetic appeal while maintaining a research base. Each summer, the gardens are host to thousands of visitors.

Prairie Pioneer Days.

Prairie Pioneer Days is a family festival hosted by the Morris Area Chamber of Commerce every July, which celebrates European-American settlement in the area. It includes many activities around town, including a parade, fireworks, and food and craft vendors. Since the late 20th century, festival organizers have also worked to include Native American participants and acknowledge contributions by their cultures.

Stevens County Fair.

The Stevens County Fair takes place in Morris on the second full weekend in Aug. It is known for great Entertainment, great 4-H events and great family time. Each year people from miles around come to see the exhibits, take in some entertainment in the grandstand and see old friends while sitting on one of many benches in the shade. www.stevenscountyfair.org

Media.

Four radio stations cover Morris; KMRS AM 1230, KKOK FM 95.7, and KRVY FM 97.3, all owned by Iowa City Broadcasting Company, Inc., while KUMM FM 89.7 is operated by the University of Minnesota Morris.  The "Stevens County Times," a Forum Communications newspaper, publishes on Saturdays. It traces its roots back to 1882.

Transportation.

The city owns and operates the Morris Municipal Airport.

Morris is a city in Stevens County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 5,286 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat.

Morris ist eine Kleinstadt (mit dem Status „City“) und Verwaltungssitz des Stevens County im US-amerikanischen Bundesstaat Minnesota. Im Jahr 2010 hatte Morris 5286 Einwohner.


Plot.

Unmarried police detective Carella sees Jocelyne, a sexy old flame who is being trailed by an Englishman. Any thoughts of taking up with her again are put aside because he has to investigate the assassination by a single shot from a long-range 0.22 rifle of Forest, a prominent local businessman. The widow is no help but the man's stepdaughter Sandra mentions an associate Barroyer, who later that day is killed in exactly the same way. Sandra also finds her stepfather's secret diary, which among many trysts recorded a steamy night with Jocelyne. Next day, Carella asks Jocelyne round to his flat and she is shot dead on the steps outside. He has learned that both Forest and Barroyer smuggled money through an astrologer and drug dealer called Kleinberg, who is shot later that day. After four deaths in two days, Carella's boss is frantic. Though the police have linked the victims to money laundering, narcotics and prostitution, nothing adds up to a motive for murdering them.  Sandra gives them a big clue, as she knows two men who were at university with the four victims, one is a TV presenter called Sabirnou and the other a theatre director called Palombo. Both are brought in for questioning and a picture emerges. With two women whose present married names are unknown, as students all were in the cast of a play together. Why this should lead to their deaths remains unknown until next day one of the two unknown women, Hélène, approaches the police. She reveals to Carella that the end of run party degenerated into a mass sex orgy and that when Juliette, the other unknown woman, refused to join in she was gang raped. It remains to find Juliette, which happens next day when her husband rings the police. Arriving to take her in for questioning, Carella is shot at by a long-range rifle and, returning fire, he wounds the sniper. When he rushes into the building, he finds his assailant was her English husband, who has been systematically tracking down and killing all those involved in her rape.

Writing.

The screenplay was adapted by Philippe Labro, Jacques Lanzmann, and Vincenzo Labella, from "Ten Plus One", a police procedural novel by Ed McBain. Detective Steve Carella in Ed McBain's novel was renamed Stéphane Carella in the French version.

Reception.

"TV Guide" called it "a deft thriller in the hardboiled tradition of Raymond Chandler and Dashiell Hammett", and said that "Labro slowly builds up a feeling of impending doom, holding the mystery's solution until the very end and maintaining a consistent mood."

Without Apparent Motive () is a 1971 French thriller film directed by Philippe Labro and adapted from the 1963 novel "Ten Plus One" by Ed McBain. Set in Nice, it tells the story of a police detective faced with a series of unexplained killings of apparently unconnected people by a mystery sniper.

Neun im Fadenkreuz ist ein französischer Kriminalfilm von Philippe Labro aus dem Jahr 1971 mit Jean-Louis Trintignant als eigensinniger Ermittler in der Hauptrolle. Das Drehbuch verfasste der Regisseur unter Mitwirkung von Vincenzo Labella und Jacques Lanzmann, basierend auf dem Roman "Ten Plus One" von Ed McBain.


Life and career.

Dayton was born in Clifton Springs, New York, the son of Caroline Wesley (Draper) and David Day Dayton.In 1883, he moved to Minnesota, migrating from New York. His family was one of average means, and he had hoped to become a minister, but was lured into the business world. He married Emma Chadwick in 1878 and began buying farm mortgages in southwest Minnesota. In 1883 he and his family moved to Worthington, Minnesota where he was able to build wealth in the growing economy.  He presided over the Bank of Worthington and founded the Minnesota Loan and Investment Company, advancing his social status and prosperity. In 1890 he built a large home on eight lots, designed by Sioux Falls architect Wallace Dow. Dayton continued to live by his religious principles by improving his community and dedicating himself to the service of others; he served on the Worthington Board of Education, and was church clerk, elder, and trustee of Westminster Presbyterian Church, teaching Sunday School and hosting church events at his home.  In 1902 he purchased land on Nicollet Avenue in Minneapolis and founded Dayton's Dry Goods store, later to become Dayton's department store. Dayton's dedication to service continued after his move to Minneapolis, where he continued to donate significant sums of money to the Worthington church and establishing The Dayton Foundation, dedicated to promoting the welfare of mankind. In 1926, he served on the finance committee for the Community Fund, a predecessor of today's United Way. Dayton's sons David Draper Dayton (1880–1923) and George Nelson Dayton (1886–1950) continued their father's business and his commitment to the community.  In 1956, the Daytons built Southdale Center in Edina, Minnesota. In 1962 the Daytons began the Target discount store chain.  George Nelson Dayton was great-grandfather to Mark Dayton, former U.S. Senator and Governor of Minnesota.  George Draper Dayton died of cancer in Minneapolis, Minnesota on February 18, 1938, at the age of 80. He was buried at Minneapolis' Lakewood Cemetery.

George Draper Dayton (March 6, 1857 – February 18, 1938) was an American businessman and philanthropist, most famous for being the founder of Dayton's department store, which later became Target Corporation.

George Dayton (* 6. März 1857 in Clifton Springs, New York; † 18. Februar 1938 in Minneapolis, Minnesota) war ein US-amerikanischer Unternehmer.


History.

A post office called Wheaton has been in operation since 1884. Wheaton was designated county seat in 1886. The city was named for Daniel Thompson Wheaton, a railroad surveyor. One property in the city is listed on the National Register of Historic Places: the Wheaton Depot built circa 1906.

Geography.

Wheaton lies along the Mustinka River. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of, all of it land.  U.S. Highway 75 and Minnesota State Highway 27 are two of the main routes in the city.

Demographics.

2010 census.

As of the census of 2010, there were 1,424 people, 655 households, and 370 families living in the city. The population density was. There were 834 housing units at an average density of. The racial makeup of the city was 97.4% White, 0.6% African American, 0.7% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.2% from other races, and 1.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.5% of the population.  There were 655 households of which 21.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.4% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.5% were non-families. 39.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 24% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.08 and the average family size was 2.79.  The median age in the city was 49.5 years. 20.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 18.5% were from 25 to 44; 24.3% were from 45 to 64; and 31.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.2% male and 52.8% female.

2000 census.

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,619 people, 747 households, and 434 families living in the city. The population density was 909.2 people per square mile (351.2/km2). There were 907 housing units at an average density of 509.4 per square mile (196.7/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 99.20% White, 0.37% Native American, 0.31% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, and 0.06% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.42% of the population.  There were 747 households out of which 23.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.1% were married couples living together, 7.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.8% were non-families. 39.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 25.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.07 and the average family size was 2.76.  In the city, the population was spread out with 21.4% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 20.7% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 32.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.4 males.  The median income for a household in the city was $29,219, and the median income for a family was $41,827. Males had a median income of $30,313 versus $19,750 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,181. About 7.2% of families and 10.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.7% of those under age 18 and 12.6% of those age 65 or over.

Wheaton is a city in Traverse County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 1,424 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat.

Wheaton ist eine Kleinstadt (mit dem Status „City“) und Verwaltungssitz des Traverse County im US-amerikanischen Bundesstaat Minnesota. Im Jahr 2010 hatte Wheaton 1424 Einwohner.


History.

St. Gertrud's Cemetery was located at the site in the 16th century but the area was later built over. Hauser Plads was created as a result of the British bombardment of Copenhagen in 1807, which resulted in large damages on the city centre. A working facility operated by the Poor Authority ("Fattigvæsnet") had until then been located on the site but it burned during the attack. In 1809, Conrad Caspar Hauser purchased some of the empty lots in the area. He was originally from Basel but had moved to Copenhagen after marrying the sister of the Danish ambassador to Algeria. The area where Hauser Plads is now located remained empty and was used for handling and storage of timber by the many craftsmen who worked on rebuilding the surrounding neighbourhood. Hauser's own house was completed in 1811. It was first proposed to establish a proper square at the site in 1818, mainly to release the pressure on Kultorvet, the city's coal market, which became very busy on market days. City architect Peder Malling created a plan for the area. Hauser proposed that a fountain be included in the plans, an idea which was supported by the fire brigade. City architect Peder Malling made a design proposal for the fountain, featuring a lion's head, but it was never built and it would take until 1939 before the square was completed. The square was formally called Suhrs Plads after the historian Peter Frederik Suhm who had lived at the site until his death in 1798 but this name never gained popularity. The square was instead colloquially known as Hausers Pladsand this name was used when the first street signs was installed.  In the 1950s, the buildings on the west side were demolished to make way for the new Central Library. The buildings that disappeared were a house row from the 1830s. The new building was completed in 1957 to designs by.  The square was renovated in 2011 as part of a project which also included Købmagergade and kultorvet. The design competition was won by Danish architectural firm Polyform in collaboration with Dutch Karres en Brands.

Current square.

The project converted an underground parking facility into a new home for the City's Cleaning Facility Center ("Center for Renhold"). The premises open to a sunken central courtyard with an amobic shape that optimize the influx of natural daylight. Facilities include offices, canteen, showers, changing rooms and parking spaces. The courtyard is surrounded by a landscaped playground.

Notable buildings and residents.

Namesake Conrad Caspar Hauser's house from 1811 is located at No. 32. He also constructed a warehouse which is located to the rear. The façade on Hauser Plads was altered in about 1870. The buildings were listed together with the neighbouring buildings at No. 28 and No. 30 in 1929/1945.  The only building that dates from the time before the bombardment in 1807 is No. 24, on the corner of Åbenrå, which dates from 1730. The buildings at No. 10–18 and No. 26 all date from the 1820s or 1830s and are listed. Restaurant Schønnemann at No. 16 has existed since 1870 and is one of the oldest "smørrebrød" restaurants in the city.  The beverage company State Drinks is based at No. 10.

In culture.

Hauser Plads is mentioned several times in Søren Kierkegaard's "Stages on Life's Way". In Section 3, the narrator explains that he used to visit Hauser Plads every Wednesday at 4 am.

Hauser Plads is a public square in the Old Town of Copenhagen, Denmark. It is separated from the larger, more well-known square Kultorvet by the former Copenhagen Central Library Building. A landscaped playground and Copenhagen Municipality's underground Cleaning Facilities Centre occupies most of the site since a renovation in 2011..

Der Hauserplads (auch Hauser Plads; ) ist ein Platz in der Kopenhagener Innenstadt (Indre By). Er ist vom Kultorvet mit dem früheren Bibliotheksgebäude getrennt, das heute das Niels-Brocks-Gymnasium beherbergt.


Topography.

The island was initially composed of two small drumlins connected by a spit, with an approximate size of. The name is believed to derive from its then-resemblance to a pair of spectacles. However, dumping of trash and dirt, together with subsequent landscaping, have resulted in a significantly larger island with a permanent size of, plus an intertidal zone of a further.  The island is now composed of two artificial earth mounds, terraced with retaining walls, roads and newly planted vegetation. With a height above sea level of, Spectacle Island is now one of the highest points on Boston Harbor. The island's inner harbor acreage is 114, with 85.5 upland acres and 28.4 intertidal acres.

History.

Starting in the early 19th century, the island was used exclusively for its relative remoteness from Boston. Two hotels were built in 1847, only to be closed by police ten years later when it was discovered they were used for gambling and other illicit activities.  A horse rendering plant was built on Spectacle Island in 1857, followed by a city trash incinerator that remained active until 1935. When the incinerator closed, trash was simply dumped on the island for the next thirty years. A bulldozer was supposedly swallowed up by the trash sometime during the 1950s. The island remained a smelly, leaking dump until the 1990s. Two sets of range lights were erected on the island by the United States Lighthouse Service. The Spectacle Island Range Lights were established in 1897 to mark the last leg of the channel into Boston itself, past Governor's Island; they were not long-lived and were discontinued in 1913. The Broad Sound Channel Inner Range Lights were first lit in 1903 and discontinued around 1950; these indicated the middle leg of the trip. No trace of any of these lights remains.  When the Central Artery/Third Harbor Tunnel Project, or the Big Dig, began work in Boston in 1992, some of the project's excavated dirt and clay was used to resurface the island. The island was covered and built up by dirt, capped with two feet of clay, and covered with two to five feet of topsoil. Thousands of trees were planted, and paths, buildings, and a dock were built.  Spectacle Island opened to the public in June 2006 for use as a recreational area with hiking trails, a beach, a visitors' center with cafe, and a marina with 38 boat slips for visitors.

Transportation.

Spectacle Island is accessible to the public either through a ferry from Long Wharf or to private watercraft at the island's marina. Ferries run hourly from and to Boston as well as from and to Georges Island. The marina was closed for almost two years in the late 2010s due to repairs required as the result of a storm in the winter of 2015. As of July 2017, the marina is open and public moorings are available.

Spectacle Island is a 105-acre island in Boston Harbor, offshore of downtown Boston, Massachusetts. It is part of the city of Boston. The island has a varied history, and today is a public park with a marina, visitor center, cafe, lifeguarded swimming beach, and five miles of walking trails, forming part of the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area. It is served all year by ferries from Boston, and on weekends and summer weekdays by a shuttle boat to and from nearby islands.

Spectacle Island ist eine Insel in der Dorchester Bay im Boston Harbor. Sie liegt vom Bostoner Stadtzentrum entfernt auf dem Gebiet des Bundesstaats Massachusetts der Vereinigten Staaten. Spectacle Island verfügt über eine dauerhafte Fläche von ca. 85,5 Acres (0,35 km2), die durch ein Watt je nach Tidenhub temporär um bis zu 28,4 Acres (0,11 km2) vergrößert wird. Sie wird vom Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR) verwaltet und ist Teil der Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area. Vom 23. Juni bis zum Labor Day stehen Rettungsschwimmer am Strand zur Verfügung.


History.

Sup'Biotech was created in 2003 by IONIS Education Group. It provides middle management for biotechnology industry. Biotechnology industries belong mainly to health, innovation food or environment. On 11 January 2012, the degree delivered by the university was recognized level 1 by CNCP. The same year, on 21 February, the university was labeled by the "Industries et Agro-Ressources" (IAR) cluster. Since 8 January 2015, the university is recognized by the French Ministry of National Education. The 6 December 2016, Sup'Biotech is recognized by the "Commission des Titres d'Ingénieur".

Administration.

Governance.

Sup'Biotech is owned by IONIS Education Group, making Marc Sellam is the president of the university. He is assisted by a director.

Director.

Since the creation of the university, the director has been Vanessa Proux, who has a doctorate in biochemistry from the University of Technology of Compiègne.

Teaching and research.

Curriculum.

Bachelor in biotechnology.

First cycle of three years including a "classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles" of two years and one year of professionalization with a 3-month internship. During the third year, a trip abroad in a partner university education is compulsory.

Master in biotechnology.

cond two-year cycle which includes the fourth and fifth year with the choice of a specialization : research / development / production processes or marketing / sales engineer. Students also makes the choice of an option: health / medicine, environment, cosmetics, food industry or bioinformatics. During this cycle, two internship (4 and 6 months) are compulsory. Sup'Biotech has signed in January 2011 a partnership with the Cancer Institut Gustave Roussy. The majority of the courses in this cycle are given in English.  In the final year, students who wish can prepare in parallel an MBA at the "Institut supérieur de gestion", a Master at IONIS STM, a Master in basic research at the University of Évry Val d'Essonne or at the "École pratique des hautes études", or also a double degree with a partnership university abroad. In addition, the school has a partnership with the "Ecole Centrale Paris" allowing two fifth-year students to follow in parallel a "Mastère Spécialisé" in biomedical engineering data.

International partners.

Sup'Biotech has partnership with universities abroad, including : Tunisia Private University, University of California at San Diego, "Université de Montréal", Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education, University of Essex, University of Sussex in United Kingdom,...

Research activities.

Sup'Biotech has opened a Bioinformatics laboratory in September 2010, called « Bio Information Research Laboratory », which purpose is the research at the interface between computing and biotechnology, and also a cellular models laboratory. In May 2012, the university has inaugurated a new bio-production laboratory. It has also a partnership with Pasteur Institute.

The Institut Sup'Biotech de Paris (Sup'Biotech or ISBP; ) is a French private engineering school created in 2003, located in Villejuif, near Paris, and in Lyon.

Institut Sup’Biotech de Paris ("Sup’Biotech") ist eine französische "Grande école", deren Schwerpunkt die Biotechnologie ist. Die 2003 gegründete Schule ist Mitglied der IONIS Education Group.


History.

Kanaker has developed as a satellite town of Yerevan throughout the history. With many historical churches and monuments, Kanaker was severely damaged in the earthquake of 1679. The town has played a key role in the Russian siege of Yerevan in 1827.  Many prominent figures of Armenian literature and art are natives of Kanaker such as historian Zakaria Kanakertsi, writer Khachatur Abovian and musician Djivan Gasparyan.  In order to establish the Zeytun district in 1944, the "Artsvabuyn Zeytun" Reconstruction Committee was formed in Aleppo, whose members were Panos Norashkharyan, Yeghia Alajajyan, Rev. Petros Kilikian, Hovsep Bshtikyan, Harutyun Azaryan, Parunak Shishikyan, KarapetKarapet Tozlikyan (Yeghyan) and Levon Chopuryan. The committee had 3 additional members in Yerevan: Avetis Surenyan, Dovlat Karanfilyan, and Dovlat Boyamian.  After the repatriation of in 1948, the members of the committee received permission to construct the new Nor Zeytun settlement at the north of Yerevan.  With the rapid growth of Yerevan, Kanaker and Nor Zeytun were gradually absorbed and became part of the Armenian capital. After the independence of Armenia, Kanaker and Nor Zeytun were merged and formed a single district within the capital, bearing the name Kanaker-Zeytun. Currently, the district is among the developing areas of the capital with a population of 79,600 and an area of 8.1 km2.  The district is home to many industrial plants including the Yerevan Champagne Wines Factory, the Coca-Cola Bottlers Armenia Factory and the Pepsi Bottlers Armenia Factory. The district is also home to the Gazprom Armenia headquarters.

Kanaker-Zeytun (), is one of the 12 districts of Yerevan, the capital of Armenia, located in the northeastern part of the city. As of the 2011 census, the population of the district is 73,886.

Kanaker-Sejtun [z-] () ist ein Distrikt im Nordosten von Jerewan, der Hauptstadt Armeniens. Der Stadtbezirk entstand als Zusammenschluss der Orte Kanaker und Nor Sejtun und grenzt an die Bezirke Awan, Arabkir, Kentron, und Nor Nork.


Discovery and naming.

"Oxalaia" stems from the Alcântara Formation, a succession of sedimentary rocks that is part of the Itapecuru Group of the São Luís-Grajaú Basin, in northeastern Brazil. These rocks have been dated by scientists to the Cenomanian stage of the Late Cretaceous period, 100.5 to 93.9 million years ago. Outcropping at the northern coast of the formation, the Laje do Coringa locality is made up mostly of sandstones and mudstones, along with conglomerate rock layers containing fossil plant and vertebrate fragments. These sediments were deposited under marine and fluvial conditions similar to those of the Bahariya Formation in Egypt, where "Spinosaurus" remains have been found. In 1999, fossils of "Oxalaia" were recovered from the Laje do Coringa. Palaeontologist Elaine Machado, of the National Museum of Rio de Janeiro, was surprised to find such a well-preserved fossil at the site and stated in a press release that "this is how most scientific discoveries happen, it was by accident". The finding was a rare occurrence due to the erosive nature of the tides at the deposit, which are responsible for the fragmented state of most fossils in the bone bed; remains not found on site are often removed from the formation by wave action. Generally, the majority of fossil remains found at the Alcântara Formation consist of teeth and isolated skeletal elements, of which the Laje do Coringa site has yielded hundreds.  "Oxalaia" is one of three spinosaurid dinosaurs discovered in Brazil, the other two being "Irritator" and its possible synonym "Angaturama", both of which were also initially known from partial skulls. They were discovered in the Romualdo Formation of the Santana Group, part of the Araripe Basin. Microfossils date this formation to the Albian, around nine to six million years before "Oxalaia". The fossil record of spinosaurids is poor compared to those of other theropod groups; very few body fossils are known and most genera have been erected from isolated elements such as vertebra or teeth. The holotype specimen of "Oxalaia quilombensis", designated MN 6117-V, was found "in situ" (at its original place of deposition) with part of the left side embedded in the rock matrix; it consists of the fused (frontmost snout bones) from a large individual. An isolated and incomplete left (main upper jaw bone) fragment (MN 6119-V) was referred to "Oxalaia" because it showed the same general traits occurring in spinosaurids, the maxilla was discovered on the rock surface, having possibly moved from its original location after erosion. Both bone fragments were found on Cajual Island, Maranhão, in the Northeast Region of Brazil, and were housed at the National Museum of Rio de Janeiro. In 2018, a fire engulfed the palace housing the museum, possibly destroying "Oxalaia"s specimens, along with various other fossils found in Brazil. Besides the partial skull bones, numerous spinosaurid teeth had earlier been reported from the Laje do Coringa site. Two partial caudal (tail) vertebrae from the formation have been referred to the spinosaurid species "Sigilmassasaurus" "brevicollis""." American palaeontologist Mickey Mortimer informally noted that these may instead belong to "Oxalaia".  The discoveries of "Oxalaia" and of the Late Cretaceous reptiles "Pepesuchus" and "Brasiliguana" were announced in a presentation by the Brazilian Academy of Sciences in March 2011. Machado described "Oxalaia" as "the dominant reptile of [what is now] Cajual Island". She stated that there is interest in spinosaurids in Brazil and abroad because of their debut in the "Jurassic Park" franchise and their distinctiveness among other carnivorous dinosaurs. The species description of "Oxalaia" was written by Brazilian palaeontologists Alexander Kellner, Elaine Machado, Sergio Azevedo, Deise Henriques, and Luciana Carvalho. This paper, among many others, were composed into a volume of 20 works on prehistoric biodiversity that was published by the Academy in March 2011. The type species "Oxalaia quilombensis" is the eighth officially named species of theropod from Brazil. The generic name "Oxalaia" is derived from the name of the African deity Oxalá, which was introduced into Brazil during the slavery period. The specific name "quilombensis" refers to the quilombo settlements like those on Cajual Island, which were founded by escaped slaves.

Description.

The holotype praemaxillae are together approximately long, with a preserved width of (maximal estimated original width is ), and a height of. Based on skeletal material from related spinosaurids, the skull of "Oxalaia" would have been an estimated long; this is smaller than "Spinosaurus" skull, which was approximated at long by Italian palaeontologist Cristiano Dal Sasso and colleagues in 2005. Kellner and his team compared the Dal Sasso specimen (MSNM V4047) to "Oxalaia" original snout in 2011; from this they estimated "Oxalaia" at in length and in weight, making it the largest known theropod from Brazil, the second largest being "Pycnonemosaurus," which was estimated at by one study.  The tip of the rostrum (snout) is enlarged and the rear-end constricted, forming the terminal rosette shape that distinguishes spinosaurids; this form would have interlocked with the also-expanded front of the (tooth-bearing bone of the ). The rostrum of "Oxalaia" features broad, deep (holes) that are possibly nutrient canals for blood vessels and nerves; it is also rounder in side view than that of "Spinosaurus", whose upper jaw ends in a more acute downward angle as shown by specimens MSNM V4047 and MNHN SAM 124. The maxillae show a pair of elongated and thin processes extending forwards along the midline of the roof of the mouth; they are encased between the praemaxillae and border an elaborate, triangle-shaped pit at their front end. Similar processes are present in "Suchomimus", "Cristatusaurus", and MNHN SAM 124, although not as exposed. These structures compose the animal's secondary palate. The undersides of the praemaxillae are greatly ornamented in "Oxalaia", in contrast to the smoother condition it has in other spinosaurids.  The praemaxillae have seven (tooth sockets) on each side, the same number found in "Angaturama", "Cristatusaurus", "Suchomimus", and MNHN SAM 124 (referred to "Spinosaurus"); MSNM V4047, another upper jaw specimen from "Spinosaurus", had only six. It cannot be confirmed whether this lower number of teeth is due to ontogeny; for that, a larger sample size is necessary. A large diastema (gap in tooth row) separates the third tooth socket from the fourth; this is observed in all other spinosaurids, being smaller in "Suchomimus". Another diastema of nearly equal length is found between the fifth and sixth alveolus; this diastema is seen in MNHN SAM 124 and is much longer in MSNM V4047 but is absent from "Suchomimus" and "Cristatusaurus". The maxilla fragment referred to "Oxalaia" (MN 6119-V) has two alveoli and a broken third one that includes a partial tooth. Like the praemaxilla, it had preserved nutrient canals. It also features a shallow dent in the middle, suggesting it was located near the (bony nostrils). Small fragments inside some of the remaining alveoli show that unlike its Early Cretaceous relatives "Suchomimus" and "Cristatusaurus", "Oxalaia" lacked on its teeth. Apart from the single, functional tooth in each socket, there were two replacement teeth, which according to Kellner are "a common feature in sharks or in some reptiles, but not in theropods". A cross-section of the teeth showed the typical oval shape exhibited by spinosaurs rather than the lateral compression of other theropod teeth.  The spinosaurid teeth reported from Laje do Coringa were classified into two primary morphotypes by Brazilian palaeontologist Manuel Medeiros in 2006. Both show typical spinosaurine dentition, though morphotype II has smoother tooth enamel than the first. "Oxalaia" teeth display a closer morphology to morphotype I while the second grouping of teeth represent either worn down morphotype I teeth or an undescribed spinosaurine from the Alcântara Formation.

Classification.

The type elements of "Oxalaia" closely resemble those of specimens MSNM V4047 and MNHN SAM 124, both referred to "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus". Kellner and colleagues differentiated "Oxalaia" from it and other spinosaurids by its autapomorphic (distinguishing) craniodental features, like its sculptured palatal part of the premaxillae, and the possession of two replacement teeth in each position. More fragmentary spinosaurids such as "Siamosaurus" and ""Sinopliosaurus"" "fusuiensis" are based only on teeth, making them difficult to separate from other taxa. The habit of naming theropods from isolated teeth or tooth fragments has resulted in many invalid and synonymous genera; it has also occurred with spinosaurids and is compounded by the common lack of overlapping skeletal remains—a precondition of validly distinguishing taxa.  In 2017, a phylogenetic analysis by the Brazilian palaeontologists Marcos Sales and Cesar Schultz concluded that "Oxalaia" was more closely related to African spinosaurines than to Brazilian spinosaurines like "Angaturama", as indicated by a wider snout and the lack of a dorsal sagittal crest on the praemaxillae. The Brazilian genera "Oxalaia" and "Angaturama" were recovered as the two closest relatives of "Spinosaurus", "Oxalaia" forming its sister taxon. Though fragmentary, the Brazilian material indicates that spinosaurines were more diverse than previously recognized. "Spinosaurus" differs from "Oxalaia" by its significantly more widely spaced tooth sockets, the presence of a slight narrowing between its third and fourth sockets, and the sharper slope of its snout. "Oxalaia" is currently assigned to the subfamily Spinosaurinae due to the morphology of its upper jaw and the absence of fine serrations on its teeth that typify baryonychines. Below is a cladogram by Sales and Schultz, in which "Oxalaia" is grouped in the Spinosaurinae, as a closer relative to "Spinosaurus" than "Angaturama".  In 2020, a paper by Robert Smyth and colleagues assessing spinosaurines from the Kem Kem Group did not find the autapomorphies of "Oxalaia quilombensis" sufficient enough to warrant a separate taxon, but instead considered them a result of individual variation. The authors thus considered the species a junior synonym of "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus". If supported by future studies, this would imply "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus" had a wider distribution and support a faunal exchange scenario between South America and Africa during the Cenomanian.

Palaeoecology.

The Late Cretaceous deposits of the Alcântara Formation have been interpreted as a humid habitat of tropical forests dominated by conifers, ferns, and horsetails. These forests were surrounded by an arid-to-semi-arid landscape that was probably subjected to brief periods of heavy rainfall followed by lengthy dry periods. A great abundance and variety of animal taxa, such as dinosaurs, pterosaurs, snakes, molluscs, crocodilians, notosuchids, and fish have been discovered in the formation. Aquatic taxa known from the deposits include the large coelacanth "Mawsonia gigas"; the ray "Myliobatis" sp. (of uncertain species); two sclerorhynchid sawfishes; as well as several bony fish, ray-finned fish, and lungfish species. Dinosaur fossil remains suggest the presence of diplodocoids like "Itapeuasaurus cajapioensis", basal titanosaurs, the giant theropod "Carcharodontosaurus" sp., a noasaurid closely related to "Masiakasaurus", and a dromaeosaurid. Also, characteristic teeth and a vertebral centra were referred to "Spinosaurus" sp.  Most of the flora and fauna discovered in the Alcântara Formation was also present in North Africa in the Kem Kem Beds of Morocco during the Cenomanian; with a few exceptions including "Oxalaia quilombensis, Atlanticopristis equatorialis, Equinoxiodus alcantariensis", and "Coringasuchus anisodontis". According to Medeiros and colleagues, the Laje do Coringa assemblage may also be linked to the contemporaneous Bahariya Formation in Egypt, which holds a distinct combination of key taxa constituting "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", and "Onchopristis numidus." This extreme similarity between the Cretaceous biota of Brazil with that of Africa is a result of their connection as parts of the supercontinent Gondwana (which comprised most landmasses of the modern southern hemisphere). This connection was broken by rifting and sea-floor spreading 130–110 million years ago. Afterwards, the transoceanic assemblages would have continued to evolve separately, contributing to small differences between taxa. Machado stated that Cajual Island was still attached to the African continent during the Cenomanian. Similarly, Medeiros and colleagues noted that the presence of an island chain or other lasting land connection during that time could explain the faunal similarities.  As a spinosaur, "Oxalaia" would have had large, robust forelimbs; relatively short hindlimbs; elongated (upwards projections of the vertebrae) forming a ridge or on its back; and tall neural spines on its caudal vertebrae which—similar to the tails of modern crocodilians—may have aided in swimming. Spinosaurids likely spent most of their time near or in water and fed mostly on aquatic animals, avoiding direct competition with other large predators but being able to sustain themselves on terrestrial animals if necessary. Such behavior is observed in cases such as juvenile Iguanodontid bones found in the stomach cavity of a "Baryonyx" fossil and an "Irritator" tooth embedded in pterosaur remains. The conical, transversely oval-shaped teeth of "Oxalaia" and its nasal openings, that were retracted further back on the skull than in most theropods (likely to avoid water entering its nostrils while fishing) are characteristic of spinosaurids. Both features are useful adaptations for catching and feeding on fish. The expanded, interlocking front jaws and piercing teeth of spinosaurs worked as an efficient fish trap, a trait also exhibited by the Indian gharial—the most piscivorous extant crocodilian. Kellner compared the general appearance of spinosaurid skulls to those of alligators.

Oxalaia (in reference to the African deity "Oxalá") is a genus of spinosaurid dinosaur that lived in what is now the Northeast Region of Brazil during the Cenomanian stage of the Late Cretaceous period, sometime between 100.5 and 93.9 million years ago. Its only known fossils were found in 1999 on Cajual Island in the rocks of the Alcântara Formation, which is known for its abundance of fragmentary, isolated fossil specimens. The remains of "Oxalaia" were described in 2011 by Brazilian palaeontologist Alexander Kellner and colleagues, who assigned the specimens to a new genus containing one species, Oxalaia quilombensis. The species name refers to the Brazilian quilombo settlements. "Oxalaia quilombensis" is the eighth officially named theropod species from Brazil and the largest carnivorous dinosaur discovered there. It is closely related to the African genus "Spinosaurus", and/or may be a junior synonym of this taxon.

Oxalaia ist eine Gattung großer theropoder Dinosaurier aus der Familie Spinosauridae. Einzige beschriebene Art ist "Oxalaia quilombensis". Bisher sind lediglich Kieferfragmente bekannt.


Biography.

Stephanie Hélène Swarth (when she was married, Lapidoth-Swarth) was born in Amsterdam, 25 October 1859. Her father was a merchant, Eduard Swarth, who for a while was the consul for Portugal in Amsterdam, and her mother was Maria Jacoba Heijblom. She grew up in Brussels, where her father was a banker, and lived in Mechelen until her marriage to Dutch author Frits Lapidoth, which lasted from 1894 to 1910. This unhappy marriage is the subject of a monograph by Jeroen Brouwers, "Hélène Swarth. Haar huwelijk met Frits Lapidoth, 1894-1910" (1986).  Her poetic debut was a collection of poems in French influenced by Alphonse de Lamartine, but she switched to Dutch-language poems on the advice of Pol De Mont. An early admirer was poet Willem Kloos who called her "the singing heart of Holland" and published her poems in his magazine "De Nieuwe Gids". She died in Velp on 20 June 1941.

Poetry.

After two collections in French, Swarth published a Dutch volume of songs and sonnets, "Eenzame bloemen" ("Lonely flowers", 1883). A reviewer in "De Gids" thought the songs frequently too sentimental (and in the vein of Heinrich Heine), but appreciated the sonnets. Conrad Busken Huet saw in her second Dutch collection, "Blue Flowers" ("Blue Flowers", 1884), a poetry receptive to nature and a female spirit which would make whichever man she chose as a lover very happy; a reviewer for "De Gids" saw worthwhile thoughts and images in only a few of the sonnets. Lodewijk van Deyssel likewise criticized the volume's songs and praised the sonnets—even to the point of prophesying that her name would be blessed.  By the time "Sneeuwvlokken" ("Snow flakes", 1888) was published, she had gained a reputation for a poetry of love and suffering. By this time she had moved to Mechelen. A review in "De Gids" compared her work favorably to "sweet, homely poetry", which he likened to a sweet little tune on a fiddle, whereas Swarth's "deep, full poetry" was like hearing Beethoven played by a full orchestra. Again, especially her sonnets were praised. An overview article in "Vlaamsche School" (1889) pointed at the influence of Pol de Mont, who had advised her to forgo reading narrative and epic, and instead focus on lyrical poetry, sonnets. The origin of the sadness in her poetry was located in a "loss of faith and bitter disappointments".  At least one critic gave her entire oeuvre (including the anthologized "Jeux Innocents") an autobiographical reading: Swarth supposedly gave her heart to a young poet but he was unfaithful to her. According to Jacob Ek Jzn, this particular cause of sorrow speaks in all her work, without becoming a distraction or a bore since she found many different ways and forms of expressing both the initial sentiment and its recollection. Swarth and her poetry figure in Ina Boudier-Bakker's best-known novel, "De klop op de deur", as a female poet unafraid to express her suffering for love.  A key line from "Jeux Innocents" was cited in 1954 by then-foreign minister Johan Willem Beyen during a discussion on European unification: "Wij speelden pandje met ons leven" ("we bargained with our lives") was used to emphasize that all countries, even small ones, had much at stake in the era of globalization.

Stéphanie Hélène Swarth (1859-1941) was a prolific Dutch poet active from 1879 to 1938. She is considered one of the Tachtigers and acquired a reputation as a sonneteer.

Hélène Swarth, eigentlich Stephanie Hélène Swarth (* 25. Oktober 1859 in Amsterdam; † 20. Juni 1941 in Velp, Provinz Gelderland) war eine niederländische Schriftstellerin.


United States Department of State list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations

Identification of candidates.

The Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism (S/CT) of the U.S. Department of State continually monitors the activities of groups active around the world to identify targets for the "terrorist" designation. When reviewing potential targets, S/CT looks not only at the actual attacks that a group has carried out, but also at whether the group has engaged in planning and preparations for possible future acts of violence or retains the capability and intent to carry out such acts.

Designation process.

Once a target is identified, the Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism prepares a detailed "administrative record," which is a compilation of information, typically including both classified and open sources information, demonstrating that the statutory criteria for designation have been satisfied. If the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Attorney General and the Secretary of the Treasury, decides to make the designation, the United States Congress is notified of the Secretary's intent to designate the organization and given seven days to review the designation, as the INA requires. Upon the expiration of the seven-day waiting period, notice of the designation is published in the "Federal Register", at which point the designation takes effect. An organization designated as an FTO may seek judicial review of the designation in the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit not later than 30 days after the designation is published in the Federal Register.  Under the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004, the FTO may file a petition for revocation two years after the designation date (or in the case of redesignated FTOs, its most recent redesignation date) or two years after the determination date on its most recent petition for revocation. In order to provide a basis for revocation, the petitioning FTO must provide evidence that the circumstances forming the basis for the designation are sufficiently different as to warrant revocation. If no such review has been conducted during a five-year period with respect to a designation, then the Secretary of State is required to review the designation to determine whether revocation would be appropriate.  The procedural requirements for designating an organization as an FTO also apply to any redesignation of that organization. The Secretary of State may revoke a designation or redesignation at any time upon a finding that the circumstances that were the basis for the designation or redesignation have changed in such a manner as to warrant revocation, or that the national security of the United States warrants a revocation. The same procedural requirements apply to revocations made by the Secretary of State as apply to designations or redesignations. A designation may also be revoked by an Act of Congress, or set aside by a Court order.

Other effects of designation.

The U.S. Department of State lists the following items as additional considered beneficial effects of designation:  Official designation of a group as a Foreign Terrorist Organization also triggers more robust means of combat under the Authorization for Use of Military Force act enacted in 2001, which is still in force today.

Groups designated as FTOs.

List is current as of September 24, 2017, organized by region and country of origin:

Delisted FTOs.

The following groups have been removed from the Department of State's list as of June 1, 2017, most due to having been disbanded and thus being no longer active.

Criticism.

The Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue noted in a 2006 report that third parties play no role in the designation process, and that designated organizations only learn of the designation once it has occurred, with no chance of rebuttal. Listed entities may request reviews, or challenge the listing in court, but success is limited.  In April 2014, Noam Chomsky criticized the list, saying:

Controversies.

The 2012 delisting of Mujahedin-e Khalq (MEK) was supported by numerous US lawmakers, and defense and foreign policy officials, but was criticized by the National Iranian American Council. The Treasury Department investigated allegations that payments to former Pennsylvania Governor Ed Rendell, on behalf of his lobbying for the MEK, had violated the legal ban on material support for an FTO.  In November 2013, the State Department listed the Nigerian terrorist organization Boko Haram as an FTO. In 2014, Republican members of Congress criticized the State Department for not designating the group as an FTO earlier.  In August 2014 the Christian Science Monitor reported that U.S. military was coordinating with Kurdish forces in Iraq, including elements of the PKK, seemed to be in violation of the ban on assistance to a designated FTO.

"Foreign Terrorist Organization" (FTO) is a designation for non-United States-based organizations deemed by the United States Secretary of State, in accordance with section 219 of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 (INA), to be involved in what US authorities define as terrorist activities. Most of the organizations on the list are Islamist extremist groups, nationalist/separatist groups, or Marxist militant groups.

Die Liste der durch das Außenministerium der Vereinigten Staaten als terroristisch bezeichneten Organisationen im Ausland ("U.S. State Department list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations") führt vom Außenministerium der Vereinigten Staaten als ausländische terroristische Organisationen bzw. Vereinigungen eingestufte Organisationen auf.


History.

1988: Formation.

Vocalist Harriet Wheeler and guitarist David Gavurin met as students at Bristol University in the mid-1980s. Wheeler was from Reading, the daughter of an architect and a teacher, and studied English literature. Gavurin was from Wembley and actively pursued a degree in the Romance languages, particularly French and Spanish. The two fell in love and began living together. Following graduation they wrote music in their free time while collecting unemployment benefits. Except for Wheeler's vocal duties in a band called Jim Jiminee, the couple had no musical background. Commenting on his desire to compose, Gavurin said, "It was something I'd always wanted to do, although I never wanted to be in a band when I was younger, like many kids do. It just dawned on me gradually." Wheeler displayed similar feelings: "There was never a time I wanted to be incredibly famous, or in a pop group," she said. "It just seemed a great thing to do to spend time working on something that's your own."  After the couple completed several songs – and migrated to London – they enlisted the support of bassist Paul Brindley and drummer Patrick Hannan, who had also attended Bristol University. Hannan's brother, Nick had also been a member of Jim Jiminee, which briefly featured Wheeler as vocalist (see paragraph above). The band chose the name "The Sundays" as it was the only one everyone could agree upon. Demo tapes were sent out to several London clubs after the group felt energized by their efforts; Gavurin stated in a "Rolling Stone" interview that "by the end of the year we were thinking, 'Hang on a minute, some of this [music] is good!'" Responses to the tape were enthusiastic and an employee at Vertigo Club offered the band an opening slot for an upcoming show in August 1988. "By chance there were three reviewers from the top music papers there," said Wheeler. "They were supposed to review the main band, but instead they wrote about us." The group subsequently became the focus of a record label bidding war, which author Peter Buckley described as a "frenzy". They eventually signed with Rough Trade Records and had a distribution deal signed for the United States with DGC Records.

1989–1990: "Reading, Writing and Arithmetic".

The Sundays released their first single "Can't Be Sure" in January 1989. It topped the British indie charts and received acclaim as one of the best singles of 1989. The group performed three songs in a session with popular disc jockey John Peel. These songs would later turn up on their debut album, "Reading, Writing and Arithmetic". The group worked on their debut for over a year. "A lot of bands who get signed, who have been playing the circuit for years, have 30 songs for the first album," said Gavurin. "But we didn't have enough for our first album, let alone our second. We can't write to deadline. You can't force a whole load of songs out quickly." Asked whether the band felt pressured when working on the album, Wheeler responded, "No, because to start off with, we're far more critical of ourselves than anyone else, and that's more a concern to us than what the press think." Gavurin also commented: "The main pressure we felt was with the single, and even then, we thought, well, they're either going to like it or they're not, and there's not much we can do to influence that."  "Reading, Writing and Arithmetic" was released in April 1990 and became a commercial success, reaching number 4 on the UK charts and peaking at number 39 on the "Billboard" 200 in the United States. It went on to sell over half a million copies worldwide. Critical reception was very positive; "Rolling Stone" writer Ira Robbins referred to it as "an alluring slice of lighter-than-air guitar pop, a collection of uncommonly good songs graced by Harriet Wheeler's wondrous singing." The single "Here's Where the Story Ends" was particularly successful in the USA due to radio play and MTV rotation. The Sundays devoted nearly a year to an "exhausting" promotional tour, which encompassed America, Europe, and Japan. The tour was considered successful, although it was not without some mishaps; a London show had to be rescheduled due to Wheeler losing her voice and the group experienced some amusement when a Dallas, Texas, show was advertised with the slogan "See The Sundays on Sunday with ice-cream sundaes".

1991–1993: "Blind".

The band experienced some hardships leading up to the recording of their second album. In 1991 Rough Trade Records went bankrupt, which caused the band to sign with Parlophone Records in the UK. Their debut went out of print in the UK and would stay that way until 1996. Constant touring coupled with their decision to manage themselves hampered the group's creative output, which was already slow due to Gavurin and Wheeler, the main songwriters, "being chained by pokiness and perfectionism when it [came] to writing and recording music." Additionally, the band kept a "low public profile", which fuelled rumours that the group had disbanded. The Sundays eventually released a new single, "Goodbye", a minor hit, in Autumn 1992. The release came almost three years after their last UK show.  Their next album, entitled "Blind," was finally released in October 1992. The album experienced commercial success similar to their debut when it peaked at number 103 on the "Billboard" 200, and sold nearly half a million copies. Critical reception was also positive, but some critics thought the album lacked the quality songwriting of its predecessor. Despite "Blind's" initial appeal with audiences, it drifted off the charts by the summer of 1993. The Sundays toured Britain in the winter of 1992. The shows were "rapturously received by fans starved of fresh product or gigs." An American tour was greeted with sold-out shows. Gavurin explained that they weren't necessarily attempting to promote the new album: "A lot of people didn't see us the first time we played over here, and they want to hear earlier material. So we're playing half and half." In the end the tour was cut short in light of exhaustion and homesickness.

1994–1997: "Static and Silence".

The band holidayed in Thailand and decided to take a break upon returning to England. It would be five years before another album was released. During this time the only appearance of the band was their cover of "Wild Horses" by The Rolling Stones appearing in a 1994 American television commercial. Gavurin and Wheeler expressed a desire to settle down. Wheeler gave birth to the couple's baby daughter, named Billie, in March 1995. They also built a recording studio in their home, not only to save on the cost of renting a studio, but also to expand their creative freedoms. Their third, and most recent album, "Static & Silence", was released in the autumn of 1997 to mixed reviews. Although the band retained much of the same sound that they developed on previous albums, they added horns to a number of tracks for "Static & Silence". The album was not as successful as "Reading, Writing and Arithmetic", however the single "Summertime" became their most successful hit to date on the UK chart and achieved a top 10 spot on the US Alternative Rock chart. It was The Sundays' third most successful single, behind "Here's Where the Story Ends" (which made it to number 1 on the US Alternative Rock chart) and "Love" (which made it to number 2).

2014: Possible return.

In April 2014, Adam Pitluk, the editor of American Airlines' magazine "American Way", tracked down and conducted an interview with Wheeler and Gavurin in which he put forward the idea of a reunion. They responded "First let's see if the music we’re currently writing ever sees the light of day, and then we can get on to the enjoyable globe-trotting-meets-concert-planning stage."  On 10 October 2014, during an interview on BBC Radio 6 Music's "Radcliffe & Maconie" radio programme, David Baddiel described Dave Gavurin as his "oldest mate" and stated that "they [Dave and Harriet] are doing music, but whether they ever put that out there, I’ve no idea. They're the most paranoid people about actually putting stuff out there." Fans who have seen the Sundays live will remember hearing one or two tracks that were never released. "Something More" and "Turkish" featured in many of their sets, but the only copies are live bootlegs.

The Sundays (stylized as The SUNDAYS on all releases) were an English alternative rock band. The band formed in the late 1980s and released three albums in the 1990s.

The Sundays waren eine britische Alternative-Rock-Band. Die Gruppe wurde in den späten 1980er Jahren gegründet und veröffentlichte drei Alben in den 1990er Jahren.


RAF career.

Lloyd joined the Royal Engineers as a sapper in 1915 during the First World War: he was wounded in action three times before enlisting as a cadet in the Royal Flying Corps in 1917 and joining No. 52 Squadron, flying the RE.8 on army co-operation missions. After the war, he remained with the recently formed Royal Air Force on a permanent commission.  In January 1939 Lloyd became Officer Commanding No. 9 Squadron, equipped with Wellingtons. Later in 1939, with the Second World War under way, he was promoted to group captain and given command of RAF Marham. His stay at RAF Marham was brief and in November he was appointed to the staff of No. 3 Group and, in May 1940, he became Senior Air Staff Officer at No. 2 Group.  On 1 June 1941, Lloyd was appointed Air Officer Commanding in Malta, with the difficult task of protecting the island from German and Italian air attacks as well as attacking Axis shipping delivering supplies to Erwin Rommel's "Afrika Korps" in North Africa. However, his lack of knowledge of fighter tactics and the dominance of the Messerschmitt Bf 109F against the outdated Hawker Hurricane, prolonged the Siege of Malta. When Generalfeldmarschall Albert Kesselring was appointed to lead the Axis air-offensive from December 1940, RAF Command at last reacted. After installing a fighter control room similar to those in the United Kingdom, from April 1942 they assigned the island two squadrons of Supermarine Spitfires totaling 47 aircraft, which led later that year to the Allies moving to an offensive campaign.  Lloyd was assigned to RAF headquarters in the Middle East as Senior Air Staff Officer in 1942 and commanded the Northwest African Coastal Air Force and then the Mediterranean Allied Coastal Air Force in 1943. His role there was to carry out harrying of enemy transport by land and sea. In November 1944 he was appointed commander designate of Tiger Force, a Commonwealth heavy bomber force which was intended to join the air offensive against Japan but was disbanded shortly after the nuclear bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki effectively ended the war.

Postwar years.

After two years as senior instructor at the Imperial Defence College, Lloyd was made Air Officer Commanding Air Command Far East, later retitled Far East Air Force. He was made Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief Bomber Command in February 1950 before he retired in June 1953.  Lloyd was President of the London Welsh Trust, which runs the London Welsh Centre, from 1962 until 1964.

Air Chief Marshal Sir Hugh Pughe Lloyd, (12 December 1894 – 14 July 1981) was a senior Royal Air Force commander.

Air Chief Marshal Sir Hugh Pughe Lloyd GBE, KCB, MC, DFC, RAF (* 12. Dezember 1894 in Leigh, Worcestershire; † 14. Juli 1981) war ein Offizier der Luftstreitkräfte des Vereinigten Königreichs.


Life.

Jill Adams was born Jill Siggins in London in 1930, the daughter of the silent-screen actress Molly Adair (real name Mary Marguerite Potter). Jill's New Zealand-born father, Arthur Siggins, had met the Irish-American Adair when she was on location in Algiers filming a spectacular version of A.E. Mason's adventure novel The Four Feathers (1921). Siggins, a former member of the Rhodesian police and an expert animal handler, worked on the film, and later wrote a book about the experience, Shooting with Rifle and Camera.  Jill was one of four children. When she was six years old, she moved to Wales where Jill continued her education, after which she worked for four years on a farm. Her ambition was to become an artist, and she moved to London to pursue that career, taking work as a sales assistant, secretary and window dresser. After working as a window dresser, by 1944 Adams was an assistant artist at Mr & Mrs Jones, a department store, where she was required to attend fashion shows and sketch the clothes. One day a model failed to arrive, and Adams, found to be the perfect size, stepped in, thus beginning her modelling career, which included a flag-hoisting recruitment poster for the Wrens. During her modelling days she was'discovered' and begin an acting career that spanned two decades.  Her most notable films were comedies, at which she excelled, such as "Doctor at Sea", "Brothers in Law" and "The Green Man", in which she starred with Alastair Sim and George Cole. She also did some stage and radio work.  In 1951 she married a young American navy yeoman, Jim Adams, whose surname she adopted professionally, which resulted in the birth of a daughter, Tina. The same year, Jill Adams had a part in a late-night stage revue, On with the New, starring Anthony Newley, and though her marriage ended in 1953, she began taking bit roles in movies – dancing with Nigel Patrick in Forbidden Cargo (1953), appearing in the Arthur Askey comedy The Love Match (1954), and in Doctor at Sea (1955) with Dirk Bogarde.  She had one of her first substantial roles in the sprightly "B" movie One Jump Ahead (1955), in a rare villainous portrayal as a murderess who was once an old flame of a reporter (Paul Carpenter) who is usually "one jump ahead" of the police. Adams was one of Rex Harrison's seven wives in the sophisticated comedy The Constant Husband (1955).  At the peak of her acting career in 1957, Adams married the well-known BBC TV and radio personality Peter Haigh, and had a second daughter, Peta Louise. Adams appeared with Attenborough again in The Scamp (1957), and was given star billing in an Australian movie, Dust in the Sun (1958), but it had limited distribution. In 1960/61 she featured in a television series, The Flying Doctor, based on the real-life activities of the Royal Flying Doctor Service serving the Australian outback.  Her career at this point seemed to lose direction. Death on My Shoulder (1958) and Crosstrap (1960) had been poor "B" movies, and her roles in Carry On Constable (1960) and Doctor in Distress (1963) were small. The Yellow Teddy Bears (1963) was an exploitation thriller (its US title was Gutter Girls), and her small role in Promise Her Anything (1965), starring Warren Beatty and Leslie Caron, was to be her last.In 1971, the whole family moved to the Algarve, in southern Portugal, where they ran a small hotel for several years in the village of Albufeira.  When her second marriage ended, she continued with a restaurant career, accompanied by her partner Mike. Some years later she retired from the business and with her new partner, Alan "Buster" Jones, an accountant, went to live just outside Lisbon. They later moved to Spain, where they enjoyed homes close to Alicante, then Barcelona and eventually in the Costa del Sol.  After Buster died in 1996, she moved back to Portugal, to be with her granddaughter, Emma, and her great-granddaughter, Tania, and began painting again. She battled cancer from 2005 until her death.

Jill Adams (22 July 1930 – 13 May 2008) was an English actress, artist and fashion model. She featured or starred in over 25 films during the 1950s and 1960s.

Jill Adams (* 22. Juli 1930 in London, England als "Jill Siggins"; † 13. Mai 2008 in Clareance, Portugal) war eine britische Schauspielerin und "Glamourgirl".


History.

William Paterson University was founded in 1855 as the Paterson City Normal School. For more than a century, training teachers for New Jersey schools was its exclusive mission. In 1951, the University moved to the present campus. Originally known as Ailsa Farms, the site was purchased by the State of New Jersey in 1948 from the family of Garret Hobart, twenty-fourth vice president of the United States.  The original manor house was built in 1877 in the style of a castle, and was the home of John McCullough, a Scottish immigrant who made a fortune in the wool industry. It was later purchased, enlarged and made the weekend retreat and summer residence of the Hobart family. Today the building is known as Hobart Manor and is home of the Office of the President and the Office of Institutional Advancement. Hobart Manor was designated a national and state landmark in 1976.  The university changed its name to Paterson State Teachers College when it relocated from Paterson in 1951. In 1966, the curriculum was expanded to include degree offerings other than those leading to a teaching career. In 1971, it was renamed William Paterson College of New Jersey. The change of name honored William Paterson, who was the state's first senator, its second governor, and a United States Supreme Court Justice appointed by President George Washington, and reflected both the institution's beginnings in the city that also bears his name and the legislative mandate to move from a teachers' college to a broad-based liberal arts institution.  The Commission on Higher Education granted William Paterson university status in June 1997.  Dr. Richard J. Helldobler, former interim president of Northeastern Illinois University in Chicago, Illinois, is the eighth president of William Paterson University. He took office July 1, 2018 to replace the retiring Kathleen Waldron, who had served as the school's president since August 2010.

Academics.

The university is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education, Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business, Commission on the Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs, Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education, National Association of Schools of Art and Design, National Association of Schools of Music, and National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education, among others.  It is organized into five academic colleges: College of Arts and Communication, Cotsakos College of Business, College of Education, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, and College of Science and Health, offering undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral degrees. "U.S. News & World Report" in its 2018 edition of Best Colleges ranks the university as number 102 of Regional Universities North with an Overall Score of 49/100.0.  The Honors College offers tracks in several disciplines as well as independent study.

Faculty.

William Paterson counts 41 Fulbright scholars among its faculty.

Campus.

William Paterson University is on a hilly, wooded campus in northern New Jersey in the suburban township of Wayne. The campus is located along the eastern town line of Wayne, and borders on High Mountain Preserve, a forested area, as well as the boroughs of Haledon and North Haledon, nearly of wetlands and woodlands, and is west of the historic Great Falls in Paterson. New York City is to the east, the Jersey Shore is an hour's drive south, skiing is north, and the Meadowlands Sports Complex is a half-hour drive away.

Facilities.

William Paterson University's buildings include:

Student life.

Residential life.

The university provides housing for nearly 2,600 students in ten residence halls, including two that opened in 2006. Two residence halls, High Mountain East and West, offer learning communities in collaboration with the University's Honors College, and feature smart classrooms that are used as part of the living/learning experience.  With accommodations ranging from double room suites to apartments, the University's modern, smoke-free buildings range in size from 100 to 400 students and are coed by suite, with four residents sharing a suite or apartment. First-year students start out in traditional residence halls such as Overlook South and North, Hillside Hall, White Hall, Matelson Hall, and Century Hall, while upper-class students and older transfer students experience the added independence of the apartments, Pioneer Hall and Heritage Hall.  The newest residence hall, Skyline Hall, completed construction in 2019.

Organizations and campus activities.

Offering an active campus experience for both resident and commuter students, William Paterson University hosts 24 fraternities and sororities and more than 70 clubs and organizations, as well as intramural and recreational activities, peer education, and leadership programs. William Paterson University's Club Sports include Cheerleading, Bowling, Equestrian, Ice Hockey, Rugby, Dance and Track.  William Paterson has been nationally recognized for its alcohol prevention program, which requires freshmen and transfer students to take AlcoholEdu, an online alcohol prevention course to educate students about the consequences of alcohol abuse. In addition, student workers serve as peer health advocates and help to spread the message to their peers about the need to take a responsible approach to alcohol. William Paterson is also an active member in the New Jersey Higher Education Consortium on Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention and Education.  WPSC 88.7 Brave New Radio, William Paterson's student-run radio station, is the headquarters for College Radio Day, an effort to celebrate the importance of college radio. In 2012, more than 500 college radio stations in 20 countries participated in the event.  In 2018, sorority student Jasmine Barkley, who had been elected to the Greek student senate, posted a video along with a white female student from Penn State University, in which she used the n-word in an apparent song; she later posted a video saying that her video was not racist, but the school's administration issued a statement condemning her action.

Athletics.

The university has 13 intercollegiate sports teams in the NCAA Division III, six for men and seven for women, including NCAA teams in men's baseball and women's softball. The William Paterson University Pioneers compete in Division III of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), as well as in the Eastern College Athletic Conference (ECAC) and the New Jersey Athletic Conference (NJAC). The Faculty Athletic Support Team (FAST) was established in 2013 by the Department of Intercollegiate Athletics, The Office of the Provost, and a number of faculty members, to create a formalized program to enhance communication and serve a resource to assist student-athletes with retention, success and growth.

Cultural events, lectures, conferences, and art.

WP Presents! is the university portal to information about performing arts programs produced and presented by the College of The Arts and Communication. University Performing Arts and University Galleries administrate programs in creative and performing arts including the Jazz Room Series, New Jersey Playwrights Contest, and all public productions in the Shea Center for Performing Arts and the Hunziker Black Box Theatre. Cultural events take place on campus throughout the year, including theater productions, gallery exhibits, and concerts presenting jazz, classical, and contemporary music.

William Paterson University, officially William Paterson University of New Jersey (WPUNJ), is a public university in Wayne, New Jersey. Founded in 1855, William Paterson is the second-oldest of the nine state colleges and universities in New Jersey. William Paterson offers undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral degrees through its five academic colleges. During the fall 2017 semester, 8,838 undergraduate students and 1,414 graduate students were enrolled.

Die William Paterson University of New Jersey ist eine öffentliche Universität in Wayne Township, New Jersey. Sie wurde 1855 zur Ausbildung von Lehrern in New Jersey gegründet und zog 1951 auf ihren heutigen Campus auf einer ehemaligen Farm bzw. Sommerfrische der Familie Hobart (deshalb der Name des 1877 erbauten Hobart Manor, in dem der Präsident der Universität sein Büro hat), der Familie des ehemaligen US-Vizepräsidenten Garret Hobart. Sie hieß damals noch Paterson State Teachers College, erweiterte ihr Curriculum aber 1966 auf weitere Abschlüsse und änderte 1971 ihren Namen in William Paterson University.


History.

"Donau" was built in Hamburg for Norddeutscher Lloyd of Bremen and completed in 1929. At gross she was large for her time, and she was unusual amongst cargo ships for being powered by both a triple expansion steam engine and a steam turbine.  "Donau" was requisitioned for war service under the command of Kriegsmarine-Dienststelle Hamburg and equipped with anti-aircraft weaponry and depth charges. She was put into service transporting troops from the Eastern Front via Stettin to Oslo and back.  On 26 November 1942 Norwegian police forces under the direction of the Gestapo handed 532 Jewish prisoners to the SS at Pier 1 in Oslo harbor. The ship was under the command of Untersturmführer Klaus Grossmann and Oberleutnant Manig. Men and women were put in separate holds on the ship, where they were deprived of basic sanitary conditions and mistreated by the soldiers. Only 9 of the prisoners survived the Second World War.  On or shortly before 16 January 1945, Roy Nielsen from Milorg and Max Manus from Kompani Linge planted ten limpet mines under the waterline along a section of the port side of the ship, while she was docked in Oslo. The intention was for the bombs to detonate in open sea once the ship had cleared the Oslofjord but, because departure on the morning of 17 January 1945 was delayed, the bombs went off before the "Donau" reached Drøbak, where the captain managed to beach her. Seven years later the wreck was pulled off and towed to Bremerhaven for scrapping. These events are related in the 2008 Norwegian film "Max Manus".

SS "Donau" was a Norddeutscher Lloyd refrigerated cargo ship. In the Second World War the Kriegsmarine used it as a transport ship between Germany and Norway. She became known as the "slave ship" after the SS and Gestapo transported 540 Jews from Norway to Stettin, from where they were taken by train to Auschwitz. Only nine of those deported on the "Donau" survived.

Die Donau war ein Frachtschiff der Reederei Norddeutscher Lloyd (NDL). Im Zweiten Weltkrieg wurde das Schiff als Transportschiff zwischen Deutschland und Norwegen genutzt. Bekannt ist das Schiff, weil mit ihm die größte Deportation norwegischer Juden durchgeführt wurde.


Early life and education.

Freeman was born in the upper peninsula of Michigan on July 26, 1948. He grew up on a farm near Engadine, Michigan.  Freeman earned a BS degree in physics from Michigan State University in 1969 and a master’s from University of Illinois in 1971. He worked in the Peace Corps for several years, then went to Teletype Corporation to design a custom PMOS circuit.

Founding of Xilinx.

Ross postulated that because of Moore's Law, transistors would be getting less expensive each year, making customizable programmable chips affordable. The idea was "far out" at the time, but the company and technology grew quickly, eventually catching the attention of new-found competitors in what is now a mature industry.  With Bernard Vonderschmitt and James V Barnett II Freeman co-founded Xilinx in 1984, and a year later invented the first Field Programmable Gate Array. Freeman's invention - patent 4,870,302 - is a computer chip full of 'open gates' that engineers can reprogram as much as needed to add new functionality, adapt to changing standards or specifications and make last minute design changes.

Death and legacy.

Freeman died in 1989, only a few years after creating a new industry with the FPGA and launching what would become a multi-billion dollar company.  In 2006, 17 years after his death, Freeman was inducted into the National Inventor's Hall of Fame, which honors men and women responsible for fundamental technology advances for human, social and economic progress. That year was the integrated circuit's 50th anniversary so the hall of fame inductees were themed with inventions fundamental to modern computing.  To honor Freeman's memory, encourage technical innovation, and reward employees, Xilinx began a new tradition in 1992 of honoring a Xilinx employee each year with the Ross Freeman Award for Technical Innovation. Participants are nominated, finalists are chosen by a nomination committee at Xilinx and award winners are chosen by a vote from the company's technical staff.

Ross Freeman (July 26, 1948 – October 22, 1989), was an American electrical engineer and inventor, and co-founder of the leading FPGA developer Xilinx.

Ross H. Freeman (* 26. Juli 1944 in Michigan; † 22. Oktober 1989) war ein US-amerikanischer Physiker. Er war im Bereich elektronischer Halbleiterbauelemente wesentlicher Entwickler und Pionier bei den ersten verfügbaren programmierbaren Logikarrays, sogenannten Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA). Weiters war er Mitgründer der noch heute in diesem Geschäftsfeld tätigen Firma Xilinx. Im Jahr 2009 wurde Freeman postum für die Entwicklung des ersten FPGAs in die US-amerikanische National Inventors Hall of Fame aufgenommen.


Biography.

He was born in Germantown, Pennsylvania, near Philadelphia, to Anna Catherine (Holz) and George-Michael Ege, who had immigrated from Germany in 1738. George's father participated in the French and Indian War, subsequently had health problems, and died in 1759, when George was just 11 years old. After his father's death, George and his two brothers, Jacob Ege (b. 1745) and Michael Ege (b. 1753), were sent to live and study with their mother's wealthy brother-in-law, Henry William Stiegel, a noted glass-maker who had mansions in Manheim, PA and at Elizabeth Furnace, PA, as well as several other outside business interests, including an iron operation he called “Charming Forge” in the Womelsdorf area of Berks County, PA. Under "Baron" Stiegel's tutelage, George and his brothers learned about how to run iron operations.  In 1774, George Ege succeeded the Baron as owner of Charming Forge and also built a mansion on the property, adjacent to the stream used by the iron mill; this mansion was also called "Charming Forge," and it is still occupied today. George prospered with the forge, added additional forges and properties, and became one of the wealthiest citizens of Berks County.  In 1783, he was elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. He was appointed one of the first associate judges of Berks County under the Pennsylvania Constitution in 1790, and served from 1791 until 1818, when he resigned. He resumed his extensive business interests, and was elected as a Federalist to the Fourth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Daniel Hiester. He was reelected to the Fifth Congress and served from December 8, 1796, until October 1797, when he resigned. He resumed his business interests, and built and operated Schuylkill County Forge, near Port Clinton in 1804. He died at his residence, "Charming Forge," in Marion Township; interment was in Zion's Church Cemetery, Womelsdorf.

George Ege (March 9, 1748 – December 14, 1829) was a United States Congressman, elected to the House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.

George Ege (* 9. März 1748 bei Womelsdorf, Berks County, Pennsylvania; † 14. Dezember 1829 im Berks County, Pennsylvania) war ein US-amerikanischer Politiker. In den Jahren 1796 und 1797 vertrat er den Bundesstaat Pennsylvania im US-Repräsentantenhaus.