Early life and education.

Pennell was born in Uniontown, Pennsylvania to entrepreneur Harold Pennell and homemaker Ruth Pennell. His parents moved to Niagara Falls, New York during the Great Depression in search of better opportunities. After a short time in New York, the family moved to California. They lived in a studio apartment overlooking Angels Flight in Downtown Los Angeles. His family moved again when he was still young, purchasing a home near Paramount Studios in Hollywood. He became a newsboy on the studio lot, but athletics distracted him from any early interest in film.  Pennell played baseball throughout his youth. He attended Hollywood High School, at which he played first base and was later inducted into the school's athletic hall of fame. He was recruited by Rod Dedeaux to play baseball at USC, where he began playing in 1947. Pennell attended the university on a full baseball scholarship and became one of the school's all-time letter winners. He left school early to play professionally for the Boston Braves organization, from 1948-53.

Baseball career.

Just shy of graduating from USC, Pennell left the university to play professionally for the Boston Braves. During his time with the Braves, his teammates often referred to him as "Bud", a nickname that stuck with him throughout his life. He was with the organization for a total of seven seasons between 1948 and 1954, playing first base and outfield for the Evansville Braves, Boston's minor league affiliate.  In his first year in professional ball, he broke the Appalachian League record for runs batted in with 147 and hit.338 for the season while belting 18 home runs. He was portrayed in "Hall of Famer", Eddie Mathews' autobiography, as a "fun-loving teammate." He did not play during the 1950–1953 seasons due to his service during the Korean War. He served in counter intelligence in the United States Army and received an honorable discharge upon completion of his service. Upon his return home, his baseball contract was purchased by the Brooklyn Dodgers. Pennell never reported to spring training for the Dodgers and instead decided to pursue acting, a career he dabbled in during the off seasons. Regarding his retirement from baseball, sportswriter Furman Bisher was quoted as saying "his future seemed unlimited...I shall always be frustrated by a desire to know how great a star he might have become."

Acting career.

In the baseball off-seasons, Pennell returned home to Hollywood. Shortly after his contract was purchased by the Brooklyn organization, he decided not to report spring training and instead began his career in films. After being seen by a talent scout, Pennell got a screen test at Paramount Pictures where he went under contract. Then he traveled to New York City to learn his new craft from drama icons such as Sanford Meisner and Stella Adler.  It was in 1955 when Pennell's acting career was launched. He appeared in his first role as Oliver Brown in the movie "Seven Angry Men", a film about abolitionist John Brown, starring Raymond Massey. That role led him to a lead in Hell's Horizon, which was followed by "The Far Horizons", starred Charlton Heston and Donna Reed. His next film role was as George Crandall opposite James Stewart in "'The FBI Story".  Other roles followed, including the leading role as Johnny Jargin in the car racing adventure movie "The Devil's Hairpin". Early in his acting career, Pennell went to Europe to appear in films, including "Old Surehand", a German production based upon a Karl May novel. In European films he was occasionally credited as Alessandro Pennelli. He returned to the United States and made guest appearances in several western television series such as "Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theater", "Death Valley Days", "Have Gun – Will Travel", "Wagon Train", "The Big Valley", "The Virginian", "Gunsmoke", "Bonanza", "Rango", "Custer", "Branded", "The Rough Riders", "Cimarron City" and "Tombstone Territory". In 1961, he landed the leading role on the television series "Ripcord" as the handsome, headstrong, youthful, colorful, audacious, intrepid and brave skydiver Theodore (Ted) McKeever. His co-star was Ken Curtis, later as Festus Haggin on "Gunsmoke", as his inseparable, level-headed older mentor and best buddy James "Jim" Buckley. Ripcord ran for a total of 76 episodes between 1961 and 1963 and inspired a range of tie-in merchandise such as toy parachutes, action figures, board games, clean slates, reading books, comic books and coloring books, to name a few. More television guest appearances followed on "The Outer Limits", "Thriller", "The Millionaire", "The West Point Story", "Wire Service", "The Case of the Dangerous Robin", "Steve Canyon", "Sea Hunt", "The Aquanauts, The Everglades, Adventures in Paradise", "Dragnet, and "Suspense Theater.  As Dash Riprock on "The Beverly Hillbillies", he appeared in ten episodes as a film star courting Elly May Clampett (Donna Douglas). After "The Beverly Hillbillies", Pennell guest starred in other television series like "Blue Light", "My Friend Tony", "Mayberry, R.F.D.", "Family Affair", "Land of the Giants", "Bracken's World", "BJ and the Bear" and "Salvage 1".  Throughout his career, Pennell continued to appear in a variety of genres in television series and movies made for television. He was cast in a lead role as Keith Holden in 1972 in the CBS series "Lassie". He made guest starring appearances in various shows, including "Mannix", "Longstreet", "Hunter", "Banacek", "", "The Streets of San Francisco", "McMillan and Wife", "Magnum, P.I.", "The Rookies", "Little House on the Prairie", "", "O'Hara, U.S. Treasury", "Run, Joe, Run", "Apple's Way", "Silk Stalkings", "Diagnosis Murder", "Quantum Leap" and "Firefly" and soap operas such as "General Hospital" and "The Young and the Restless".  Pennell's film credits include roles in films such as "The Great White Hope" (1970), starring James Earl Jones and Jane Alexander in which Pennell played former heavyweight champion Frank Brady. Pennell also appeared in the big budget World War II film "Midway" (1976), as Captain Cyril Simard, alongside Charlton Heston and Henry Fonda. He had roles in other major films such as "The Revengers", "Journey Through Rosebud" and "Matilda". Pennell bore a striking resemblance to Clark Gable and played the icon in three roles. One of his notable roles as Gable was in the television film "" (1980). It was said of his work in that role "Pennell's performance is a little gem." In 1992, Pennell and Tom Selleck rejoined for a third time to appear in "Mr. Baseball". Other films include "The Fear" (1999), "Bubba Ho-Tep" (2002) starring Ossie Davis, "Five Minutes" (2002), "Last Confession" (2005), "Seasons of Life" (2006) and "The Passing" (2011).  Pennell continued to experiment with his acting and writing craft in study with drama masters such as Milton Katselis and Daniel Mann. Pennell's stage work encompassed over 50 plays, including "The Poker Game", "Desperate Hours", "Pieces of Time" and "Dead Autumn's Soul". He wrote and starred in "The Signing" and "Close-Up" and won best actor at The Method Fest 2002 for his work in the short film "Five Minutes". Throughout his career, Pennell accumulated over 400 credits in roles across stage, film and television, in addition to commercials and print advertisements.

Personal life.

Pennell met his wife Patricia Throop, a fashion model, actress, former Miss Oregon and finalist in the 1954 Miss America Pageant. He was shooting a film when they met. Throughout his life he enjoyed sports of all kinds such as baseball, football, tennis, boxing, running and horseback riding. Also he was an avid historian and a patriot with ancestral links in the American Revolution and the Mayflower Compact. Pennell died on August 28, 2013 at age 85.

Lawrence Kenneth Pennell (February 21, 1928 – August 28, 2013) was an American television and film actor, often remembered for his role as "Dash Riprock" in the television series "The Beverly Hillbillies". His career spanned half a century, including starring in the first-run syndicated adventure series "Ripcord" in the leading role of Skydiver Theodore "Ted" McKeever, as well as playing Keith Holden in "Lassie". He was also a baseball player, playing on scholarship for the University of Southern California (USC) and later professionally for the Boston Braves organization.

Larry Pennell (eigentlich "Alessandro Pennelli", * 21. Februar 1928 in Uniontown, Pennsylvania; † 28. August 2013) war ein US-amerikanischer Schauspieler.


Early life.

Austin "Jack" Warner was born in Rio Claro, south Trinidad, on 26 January 1943. He is one of three brothers and three sisters who were brought up almost single-handedly by their mother Stella. After gaining a scholarship from Trinidad Clay Products, he attended the College of St Phillip's and St James, which in 1958 became Presentation College, Chaguanas. After attending Teachers Training College, he then graduated with a BA degree from the University of the West Indies at St Augustine, and subsequently earned a Diploma in International Relations from the same institution.  In 1971, Warner became a teacher at North Eastern College, and was also at this time until 1973 a part-time sociology lecturer at UWI. From 1972 until 1993, he was a lecturer in history at the Polytechnic Institute.

Football administrator.

In 1966, Warner became General Secretary of the Central Football Association, and from 1971 to 1973 was General Secretary of the Central St. George Football Association.  Warner became the secretary of the Trinidad and Tobago Football Federation (TTFF) in 1973. In 1990, he was elected President of the Caribbean Football Union, resigning his post at TTFF but was immediately appointed a special advisor, a position that he still holds.  In 1983, Warner became a CONCACAF Vice-President and also joined the FIFA Executive Committee. Warner was elected CONCACAF President in 1990, unseating Joaquín Soria Terrazas who had held the seat for twenty years. Warner and the new CONCACAF General Secretary, Chuck Blazer, took over an organization with US$140,000 in annual revenue. Warner was appointed as a FIFA Vice-President in 1997. In 2010, Warner stated his intent to stand for re-election in 2011. Jack Warner is the chairman of the Joe Public Football Club which he founded in 1996, in the aftermath of Trinidad and Tobago's failed World Cup qualifying campaign. Warner also helped to found Trinidad and Tobago's Professional Football League (PFL), then the first professional football league in the Caribbean, which has since been superseded by the TT Pro League.  In 1998, Warner purchased the Scarlet Ibis Hotel in St Augustine for TT$6 million, which he renovated and renamed the Emerald Apartments and Plaza. Run by Warner's son Daryl, the Emerald Apartments and Plaza sponsor local football competitions, including the 2010 Eastern Football Association Emerald Apartments & Plaza Cup. Warner also owns Kantac Plaza in Arouca, which was used as the base for Trinidad and Tobago's successful 2006 World Cup qualifying campaign. Warner had other real estate holdings in the twin island republic, including the offices used by TTFF and CONCACAF. CONCACAF pays Warner "nearly a third of a million dollars a year" rent. Warner also claims business interests in Costa Rica and the United States. Warner states that his investments were funded from "the salary and allowances I received from FIFA".

Controversies.

Trinidad and Tobago 2006 World Cup bonuses.

Before the 2006 FIFA World Cup, Warner, as special advisor to TTFF, brokered a deal between the Federation and the players on Trinidad and Tobago's 2006 World Cup team to share the proceeds from their participation in the World Cup. After the tournament, the Federation declared revenue of TT$18.25 million, costs of TT$17.9 million and offered the players a split of TT$5,644.08 per player. The players rejected this figure, disputing the Federation's numbers. Warner criticized the players for refusing to accept the TTFF's unaudited statement, saying "What Trinidad is suffering from is from a situation whereby 16 or 18 players are holding a country and a federation to ransom because of greed." Shaka Hislop, the interim president of the Football Players Association of Trinidad and Tobago, responded with a letter to Warner writing "You have continually proven yourself heavily biased and opinionated in this matter." In 2010, Hislop added that "Jack Warner, though not on the TTFA officially, makes every single decision: how much bonus should be paid, who is the right coach."  The Trinidad and Tobago government revealed that the Federation received in excess of TT$173 million for their part in the tournament in Germany. TTFF proposed that the bonus dispute be heard before the UK Sports Dispute Resolution Panel, which the players agreed to. Arbitrator Ian Mill QC heard the case and ruled that Warner had "the authority of the TTFA to commit it to financial transactions" and that the players were entitled to 50 per cent of the FIFA World Cup participation money and the commercial revenues gained from Trinidad and Tobago's qualification, as well as half the net income from World Cup warm-up matches. The players' lawyer, Michael Townley, said, "At the moment, the players have not received a single cent" and alleged that the TTFF defaulted on its payment to the arbitration body.

England World Cup bid.

Warner once again caused controversy in 2007 in an interview with the BBC about England's chances of holding the 2018 FIFA World Cup. He asserted that ""England invented the sport but has never made any impact on world football"" despite being one of only (then) seven nations to ever lift the world cup, ""For Europe, England is an irritant"", and that ""Nobody in Europe likes England"". Furthermore, Warner proposed that, if the World Cup were to be held in Europe, it should be held in Italy, Spain or France (countries that last hosted the competition in 1990, 1982 and 1998, respectively). He said that he would "battle to bring...the tournament to his region."  However, on 14 February 2008, Warner retracted this stance. England's Football Association agreed to visit Trinidad and Tobago to play a friendly against the Trinidad and Tobago national football team on the condition that Warner apologize.  Warner argued that, "The time has come. The fact is they invented this sport [...] They last held the World Cup 42 years ago. That is almost two to three generations. There are guys in England who have never seen a World Cup on English soil." Warner maintained that the choice of England would not be popular among mainland Europe though.  During the bidding process to host the 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup's Warner continually supported the English bid, promising to vote in England's favour at the draw in December 2010. Warner approached the England bid team through David Beckham, offering to hold off on bringing out the vote for Russia in exchange for promises in relation to CONCACAF. Russia won the vote to hold the FIFA World Cup in 2018, with Warner widely reported to have voted for the Russian bid.

Dwight Yorke.

In September 2008, after Sunderland player Dwight Yorke had withdrawn from the Trinidad and Tobago national football team, Warner attacked the club and the manager, Roy Keane. In a letter leaked to the press, Warner accused Keane of disrespecting "small countries" and having a "mean streak". Keane responded by denying the allegation, accusing Warner of being a "clown" and a "disgrace", and insisted that Yorke was retired from international football.

Mayagüez 2010.

Warner unilaterally withdrew CONCACAF's support of the football events at the Mayagüez 2010 games at the last moment stating that the tournament facilities allegedly do not meet the "minimum standards required to conduct an international tournament." He threatened to sanction countries that participated. Some of the possible sanctions were the teams accreditation by CONCACAF and ending economic helps.

Corruption allegations.

Warner has been accused of corruption for repeatedly taking advantage of his position for financial gain.

Black market ticket sales.

Via a private family company, Warner owned shares in Simpaul, a travel and holiday company. In a series of exposés during December 2005, the "Trinidad and Tobago Express" revealed that Simpaul was offering $30,000 packages to the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany, which effectively marked up match tickets at a high rate. FIFA's ethics committee criticised the ticket deals, concluding Warner had abused his position to obtain personal benefits and failed to declare his business interests. Warner agreed to sever all family links with Simpaul immediately. However, his son Daryan remained a director of Simpaul throughout World Cup 2006, while his personal assistant remained the company secretary of Simpaul.  FIFA started an investigation and asked their auditors Ernst & Young, to investigate. In a report submitted to FIFA in March 2006, E&Y estimated that Warner's family had made a profit of at least $1 million from reselling 2006 World Cup tickets, that Warner had directly ordered or sold on behalf of the TTFA. Minutes of FIFA's executive committee indicate that in consequence of being found guilty of breaking FIFA's Article 5, a fine of almost $1 million, equal to the expected profiteering, was imposed on the family. Despite numerous reminders from FIFA, only $250,000 has been paid. Andrew Jennings, the presenter of "FIFA's Dirty Secrets", an edition of BBC's "Panorama," repeated the allegations in a November 2010 programme during the week Warner and his fellow FIFA Executive Committee members voted to decide the hosts for the 2018 and 2022 World Cups.

Request for personal payments.

Scottish Football Association President John McBeth said Warner asked that monies owed to the TTFF be sent to Warner's personal account. According to McBeth, after Trinidad and Tobago visited Scotland for a friendly match at Easter Road, Edinburgh, on 30 May 2004, Warner asked that the cheque for the game be made out to him. McBeth told Warner, "we don't do that" and noted that Warner also approached other members of the Scottish FA following the game in an attempt to collect money due to the TTFF.

2018 World Cup bid.

On 10 May 2011, former chairman of the English Football Association, Lord Triesman, accused Warner and several others of asking for compensation in return for votes for England's 2018 World Cup bid. Warner reportedly asked for £2.5 million that would go toward building an education centre in Trinidad. Sir Dave Richards, the chairman of the Premier League, who was present at the meeting, confirmed that the intention of cash for votes was implied, although it was not explicitly stated. However, Warner described the allegations as "a piece of nonsense".  On 26 May 2011 the BBC published an email from Warner to the English FA requesting funds to purchase Haiti's World Cup television rights. The above article also quotes FIFA as denying that Haiti had ever been granted television rights for this competition. This email appears to substantiate a separate charge by Lord Triesman (formally heading the England 2018 World Cup bid) whereby Warner had requested funds from the English to (again) be sent into his personal account so that he could purchase the rights as a humanitarian gesture for the Haitian people. In return, the English bid team could expect his support during the bid process. The total sum that Warner had requested in this instance was in the region of $1.6 million.

FIFA World Cup television rights.

In December 2011 Warner claimed to have purchased the television rights for the 1998, 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2014 editions of the FIFA World Cup for Trinidad & Tobago, via a Mexican company. Warner claimed to have purchased the rights for the 1998 FIFA World Cup for one dollar. Warner also claimed that he refused to endorse Sepp Blatter in the 2011 FIFA Presidential election despite being offered the rights to the 2018 and 2022 World Cup, again for a nominal fee. Warner further alleged that he was offered other "inducements" to develop football in the Caribbean. Warner claims he used the revenue from selling on the rights to develop football in the Caribbean.

Haiti earthquake funds.

In February 2012 the TTFF claimed that funds for Haiti donated following the 2010 earthquake were paid into a bank account controlled by Warner. FIFA subsequently froze funding to the TTFF until it received an explanation. FIFA is also withholding Warner's pension. Warner later suggested that the allegations were a conspiracy, saying that "I have nothing to answer to anybody. Who wants to make allegations, make allegations. Ask yourselves, as objective members of the media: 'Why now...?' And after you get why now, just join the dots and see."

Fraud, mismanagement allegations.

On 19 April 2013, the CONCACAF Integrity Committee, headed by David Simmons, former Chief Justice of Barbados, issued a report accusing Warner and his former cohort Chuck Blazer of mismanagement and massive fraud. Warner is alleged to have concealed his ownership of the land on which CONCACAF's $25 million Joao Havelange Center of Excellence was built, which made him the effective owner of the building. Warner's initial public reaction was defiant: "As far as I am aware it is baseless and malicious. I left CONCACAF and turned my back on football two years ago. Since then I have had no interest in any football-related matter."

Indicted for corruption in 2015.

In May 2015, Warner was indicted by the United States Department of Justice and an arrest warrant issued for him and other FIFA officials. Warner and the others were accused of "wire fraud, racketeering and money laundering".  Warner handed himself into Trinidad police in May and was bailed pending extradition to the United States. The following week, he said publicly that he had documents linking the outcome of the 2010 Trinidad and Tobago general election with FIFA finances and himself. Warner made the claims in a paid national television political broadcast, saying that his life was in danger, that he had given the documents to lawyers, and, "I will no longer keep secrets for them who actively seek to destroy the country."  After the US formally requested Warner's extradition in July 2015, he appealed against the procedure, represented by a strong legal team. After more than two years of deliberation, on 28 September 2017 High Court judge James Aboud ruled against the suit, allowing the extradition process to proceed, while granting Warner and his legal team 28 days to appeal the decision. On 2 November 2017 Warner's attorneys filed an appeal. On 2 March 2018, Justice of Appeal Mark Mohammed granted Warner an appeal of Aboud's ruling, to be heard in November 2018—effectively postponing any possible extradition until some time after the hearing.  In mid-June 2019 a three judge Appeal Court dismissed Warner's claim that the order against him contravened Trinidad and Tobago's Extradition Act. However, the Court has granted him a 21-day stay before extradition can proceed, for a direct appeal to the Privy Council of the nation.  In July of that year, a United States court entered a default judgement against Warner in a civil lawsuit filed by CONCACAF when Warner failed to appear, ordering Warner to repay US$79 million that he had fraudulently obtained from CONCACAF.  In April of 2020, additional information was revealed in an unsealed indictment, alleging that Warner had "received $5 million in more than two dozen separate wire transfers to vote for Russia to host the 2018 soccer championship. The wire transfers were sent from 10 different shell companies in Cyprus, Anguilla and the British Virgin Islands and then cleared through correspondent U.S. bank accounts."

Political career.

In October 2007, Warner was elected United National Congress Alliance chairman and co-leader, to lead the party into Trinidad and Tobago's 2007 General Election. They won 15 of 41 seats, and Warner was elected as the Member of Parliament for Chaguanas West. Patrick Manning's PNM government, which had comfortably won the 2007 election, called an election less than three years into its mandate. Warner's UNC party formed a coalition with four other parties and won 24 May 2010 elections by a landslide margin of 29 of 41 seats in parliament. Warner was re-elected in Chaguanas West with the highest national vote total. He has described the previous Trinidadian administration as the "most corrupt ever" and has pledged to enforce hanging as a method of execution. Warner has said, "It is inconceivable to have 295 on death row awaiting the hangman...when no one is trying to apply the law."  After the 2010 election, Warner was appointed the Works and Transport Minister in Prime Minister Kamla Persad-Bissessar's government. Opposition leader Keith Rowley wrote to the Integrity Commission questioning Warner's ability to be a FIFA Vice President, while also the Trinidad and Tobago Works and Transport Minister. Government counsel concluded that Warner was not breaking any laws, Attorney General Anand Ramlogan said that Warner did not receive a salary from FIFA, Trinidad benefited from Warner's appointment, and his two positions were unlikely to conflict.  Although Warner was allowed to withdraw from football-related activities by FIFA with a presumption of innocence in the CFU scandal of 2011, a videotape played during FIFA's disciplinary process was consequently made public. Prime Minister Kamla Persad-Bissessar referred the videotape to the Attorney General of Trinidad and Tobago without endorsing or condemning Warner. Warner resigned as Minister of National Security on 21 April 2013 and was replaced by Emmanuel George. Warner resigned as Chairman of the United National Congress on 22 April 2013, and resigned as Member of Parliament for Chaguanas West four days later, triggering a by-election in his constituency. Warner subsequently formed a new political party, the Independent Liberal Party (ILP), and won the by-election for Chaguanas West on 29 July.  Warner contested Trinidad and Tobago's 2015 General Election held on 7 September 2015 in the Chaguanas East seat. Warner received 771 votes (4.30%) and failed to win the seat in the election.  After a long-running political feud, Surujrattan Rambachan sued Warner for defamation. In July 2016, Warner agreed to pay TT$375,000 as final settlement.

Austin "Jack" Warner (born 26 January 1943) is a Trinidad and Tobago politician, businessman, and former football executive. Warner was Vice President of FIFA and President of CONCACAF until his suspension and eventual resignation from these roles in 2011. He is also the former Minister of National Security of Trinidad and Tobago and was an elected member of the country's parliament from 2007 to 2015. A former history teacher, he is the owner of Joe Public F.C., a professional football club in Tunapuna, Trinidad and Tobago.

Austin „Jack“ Warner (* 26. Januar 1943 in Rio Claro) ist ein trinidadischer Geschäftsmann und Politiker. Er war bis 2011 FIFA-Vize-Präsident, CONCACAF-Präsident und Präsident der Caribbean Football Union. Warner war ab 2010 Minister für Arbeit und Verkehr und ab 2012 für Nationale Sicherheit und Mitglied des trinidadischen Parlamentes. Er trat im April 2013 als Minister zurück.


History and architecture.

Anga Church takes its name from a now vanished farmstead, mentioned in a runestone inscription at the end of the 11th century. The first church was probably built as a church for the large farm. During archaeological excavations carried out in 1946–1947, traces of burnt wood were found, indicating that the first church may have been a stave church.  The presently visible Romanesque church was built during the 13th century. Thanks to dendrochronological investigations of still intact wooden details, the church can be dated quite precisely. The choir and apse were built circa 1215, and are the oldest parts of the church. The nave dates from 1250 and the tower from 1265.  The church is one of the most well-preserved Romanesque churches on Gotland, and gives a good impression of how most of the churches on the island might once have looked. The interior still has a rich decoration in the form of murals. The wall paintings date from two periods, the oldest ones from the end of the 13th century. These are mostly ornamental, and unusual in that they are signed by the artist, a painter named Halvard. From the same time dates a runic inscription in Old Gutnish, which tells the name of the farmers of the parish who contributed oxen and day's works to the construction of the church, showing that the building of the church was a communal undertaking. A later set of murals depict the Passion of Christ together with legends of saints, and were made during the middle of the 15th century.  The church used to house medieval wooden sculptures, the majority of which are today at the Museum of Gotland in Visby. Still in the church is the altarpiece, dating from the 1370s, and the triumphal cross from the 15th century. There is also a gravestone in the choir from the 13th century, with a runic inscription.  The church belongs to the Church of Sweden and lies within the Diocese of Visby.

Anga Church () is a 13th century church in Anga on the Swedish island of Gotland. It is one of the most well-preserved Romanesque churches on Gotland, and was possibly preceded by a stave church. Inside, the church is decorated with medieval murals from three different periods, as well as some medieval furnishings. Some wooden sculptures from the church are today exhibited in a museum in Visby. The church belongs to the Church of Sweden and lies within the Diocese of Visby.

Die einschiffige Kirche von Anga () auf Gotland scheint in der ersten Hälfte des 13. Jahrhunderts errichtet worden zu sein. Wahrscheinlich gab es zwischen dem Bau des Kirchenschiffs und des Turms eine Unterbrechung. Die Sakristei entstand erst zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts, als seitlicher Anbau, an dem mit einer Apsis abschließenden Chor.


Plot.

In 1948, Dave Hirsh is a cynical Army veteran who winds up in his hometown of Parkman, Indiana after being put on a bus in Chicago while intoxicated. Ginny Moorehead, a woman of seemingly loose morals and poor education, was invited by Dave in his drunken state to accompany him to Parkman. When Dave sobers up, he realizes it was a mistake, and gives her money to return to Chicago. However, she decides to stay because she has fallen in love with Dave and is also trying to avoid a violent boyfriend in Chicago.  Dave left 16 years before and had a career as a writer before the war, publishing two books. He did not stay in touch with his older brother, Frank, because of how Frank and his wife Agnes treated him when he was a child. Frank, who was newly married to the well-off Agnes, had placed Dave in a charity boarding school rather than take him to live in his home. Frank has since inherited a jewelry business from Agnes' father, sits on the board of a local bank, and is active in civic affairs. Frank and Agnes are very concerned about their social status and reputation in the town, which is threatened when Dave returns without letting them know and then deposits $5,500 ($58,700 in 2019) in the bank that competes with Frank's bank. Frank attempts to make amends with Dave in order to get him to move the bank deposit. Agnes wants nothing to do with Dave, but is forced to welcome him after two of her wealthy social acquaintances, Professor French and his daughter Gwen, a schoolteacher, ask to meet Dave because they admire his books.  When Dave meets Gwen, he immediately falls in love with her. She is attracted to him as well, but is afraid of the passionate feelings he arouses in her and of his lifestyle. Each time Gwen rejects him, he ends up back with Ginny, even though her lack of intelligence frustrates him and she is nothing like Gwen. Dave has also befriended a hard-partying but good-hearted gambler, Bama Dillert, and the two get into trouble when Ginny's ex-boyfriend, a gangster named Ray, comes to town stalking her.  Frank is upset about the bad reflection on him from Dave's lifestyle. However, Dave is shown to be a good man despite his notorious reputation when he treats Ginny with kindness and takes a fatherly interest in his niece, Frank's daughter Dawn, who becomes upset and tries to run away when she sees her father in a lovers' lane with his secretary, Edith.  Dave's new story that he wrote with Gwen's encouragement is published in "The Atlantic" magazine, and Gwen confesses her love to him by telephone while he is on a gambling trip out of town with Bama and Ginny. Gwen's phone call leads the gamblers to think Dave is cheating at cards, triggering a fight in which Bama is stabbed. During his hospital stay, Bama is informed he has diabetes, but chooses to disregard medical advice, especially about his incessant drinking.  Ginny visits Gwen at her school to ask if Gwen and Dave are in a relationship and confess her own love for Dave. Gwen is horrified to discover Dave has been seeing Ginny, assures Ginny that there is nothing between her and Dave, and then cuts Dave off. Dave, at the end of his rope from Gwen's rejection, decides to marry Ginny, even over Bama's objections. While she is not Dave's social or intellectual match, Dave recognizes that she gives him unconditional love that he's never had from anyone else. The two marry that night, but soon after they leave the judge's house, while walking among the crowds of the town's fair, Ray comes after them with a gun, shoots and injures Dave, and then shoots Ginny dead as she tries to protect Dave.  In the final scene, most of the main characters are in attendance at Ginny's funeral, but with Dave and Bama standing separately and at a distance. Bama does remove his hat in final scene, which he never took off, as a show of respect.

Production.

Much of the film was shot in and around the town of Madison, Indiana. Shirley MacLaine reported that Sinatra was "besieged" by the local Indiana women, and that at one point a woman broke through a rope barrier around a house and flung herself at Sinatra as her husband ran to stop her, pleading "Helen, you don't even know the man!".  One significant change from the James Jones novel was the death of Ginny; in the novel, it is Dave who is killed, shot in the face by the character of Ray.

Reception.

Released to critical plaudits, "Some Came Running" was praised both nationally and internationally on release, The "Variety" review stated, "Jones' novel has been stripped to essentials in the screenplay, and those are presented in hard clean dialog and incisive situations."  Sinatra garnered some of the strongest notices of his career; "Variety" noted that "Sinatra gives a top performance, sardonic and compassionate, full of touches both instinctive and technical. It is not easy, either, to play a man dying of a chronic illness and do it with grace and humor, and this Martin does without faltering."  The film was popular with the public. According to MGM records, it earned $4,245,000 in the US and Canada and $2,050,000 elsewhere, becoming the 10th highest-earning film of 1958. But its high cost meant that MGM would record a loss of $207,000 ($ million today) on the film.

Academy Awards.

At the 31st Academy Awards, the film received the following nominations:

Legacy.

Martin Scorsese included a clip from the film for his "A Personal Journey with Martin Scorsese Through American Movies"; the film's final carnival scene remains for Scorsese one of the best and most expressive uses of CinemaScope.  In his book "Who the Hell's in It", director Peter Bogdanovich writes extensively about "Some Came Running". He later filmed a short segment for Turner Classic Movies on its influence on cinema.  In the 1997 movie "Flubber", the robot Weebo uses a clip from the film as a shout-out for why she won't sabotage the professor’s relationship anymore.

DVD.

"Some Came Running" was released to DVD by Warner Home Video on May 13, 2008 as a Region 1 widescreen DVD and also on the same date as part of the 5-disc box set "Frank Sinatra: The Golden Years" with "Some Came Running" as the fourth disc.

Some Came Running is a 1958 American drama film directed by Vincente Minnelli and starring Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, and Shirley MacLaine, based on the novel of the same name by James Jones. Set in 1948, it tells the story of a troubled Army veteran and author who returns to his Midwestern hometown after 16 years, to the chagrin of his wealthy, social-climbing brother.

Verdammt sind sie alle ist ein US-amerikanischer Spielfilm aus dem Jahre 1958 nach dem Roman "Die Entwurzelten" (Original: "Some Came Running") von James Jones.


History.

Cabramurra was established in 1954 using prefabricated houses, as part of the Snowy Mountains Scheme and associated Snowy Mountains Hydro-Electric Scheme. An earlier surveying camp had been established there in 1951. The town was moved some 500m and 20m vertically to a more sheltered position, its current site, in 1974, leaving the original site as the lookout. The original houses were either demolished or relocated to Talbingo, Adaminaby and Jindabyne. The new houses were built with Besser blocks to a design specifically tailored to the environment. Long steep roofs allow snow to slide off, and the interiors are designed around a central heater (originally fuelled by oil) which warms all rooms in the house either directly or indirectly (chimney passes between upstairs bedrooms). All power and phone lines are routed underground.  In early January 2020 the town was damaged by fire during the 2019–20 Australian bushfire season. In the town itself a "significant number" of houses and buildings were lost, plus the school and old ski club.

Present status.

Cabramurra is a 'company town', being the place of residence for workers in the nearby Tumut 1 and Tumut 2 power stations and electrical switching yards, and Tumut Pondage dam. Only persons directly employed by Snowy Hydro, and their families, are permitted to live in the town.  The town has 269 houses, a general store and petrol station, primary school, wet canteen (pub) (tavern), indoor swimming pool, single 'Poma' tow downhill ski slope, and tennis courts. The nearest small town for other shopping is Adaminaby; the nearest large towns/cities (that is, with a hospital) are Canberra, Tumut and Cooma. Emergency evacuation can be conducted by helicopter.  The primary school has one classroom, with one teacher taking all the children. The nearest high schools are at Tumbarumba and Cooma but only Tumbarumba is served by a daily bus service.  The short Snowy Hydro airstrip on the plateau above the town is often used by military aircraft practising short landing/takeoff exercises. The town's water supply is close to this airstrip and is known as "Dry Dam", on the dirt road that goes to Kiandra via "Kings Cross" and the Selwyn Snowresort day-only ski fields.  In winter, unlike the vast majority of Australia, the town can be covered by snow for 3–4 months. This has dictated the building design with a very highly pitched roof for the houses. The town's downhill ski run was the first in Australia to have lighting installed to allow night use.  The town is located within the boundaries of Kosciuszko National Park, on the road between Kiandra on the Snowy Mountains Highway to the north and Khancoban, another hydro-electric power site, to the south. The road is kept open to and beyond Kiandra by snow plough during winter, also serving the Selwyn snowfields resort. The road south of Tumut Pond dam is closed to traffic.  The permanent workforce of the settlement is currently being replaced with drive-in/drive-out staff, however the school will remain open to service surrounding areas.

Climate.

Cabramurra has a subalpine climate (IBRA 1,400–1,800 m) with cool summers and cold, very snowy winters. In terms of precipitation, Cabramurra is a very wet climate during the cooler months, but still retains significant sunshine hours due to its summer dry-season. Under the Köppen classification, the town has a cold oceanic climate ("Cfb").  Owing to the town's position, perched over the western escarpment of the ranges, temperature inversion does not occur as the coldest air drains into the valleys and plains; thereby giving Cabramurra much warmer minimum temperatures than surrounding areas of its altitude and latitude, such as nearby Kiandra. Instead of radiational cooling, Cabramurra receives its coldest temperatures solely via cold-pooling (caused by its persistent winter snowpack).

Cabramurra was the third-highest permanently inhabited town on the Australian continent, situated at in the western Snowy Mountains of the Great Dividing Range, in the state of New South Wales. It is lower than Dinner Plain in Victoria, and lower than Charlotte Pass Village in New South Wales. The last residents are scheduled to leave the town in January 2018 with the current workforce housed being replaced with drive-in/drive-out staff. The name "Cabramurra" may be derived from Wiradjuri "gambirra marra" ("crooked hand").

Cabramurra ist mit 1488 Metern über Meereshöhe einer der am höchsten gelegenen Orte auf dem australischen Kontinent. Der Ort liegt im Westen der Snowy Mountains in der Great Dividing Range von New South Wales. Der Name "Cabramurra" könnte aus der Sprache der Wiradjuri mit "gambirra marra" stammen, was "crooked hand" (gekrümmte Hand) bedeutet. Canberra ist 223 km und Cooma 109 Kilometer entfernt. Der Ort, der innerhalb des Kosciuszko-Nationalparks liegt, wurde 1954 im Rahmen des Snowy-Mountains-Systems, einer der größten Stauanlagen der Erde, für die Arbeiter gegründet. Er wurde zunächst Ghent's Camp genannt, das im Jahr 1951 zum Bau von zwei Wasserwerken und des "Tumut Pondage Dam" aufgebaut wurde.


History.

The garden was founded in 1852 by the Dutch botanist Johannes Elias Teijsmann as a branch of the Bogor Botanical Gardens, and its layout was completed under Rudolph Scheffer in later years.

Overview.

The gardens were built at a high altitude, allowing the growth of subtropical plants. The garden is approximately above mean sea level, with an average temperature across the year of 20.06 °C, and an average humidity of 80.82%.  The gardens are the first place that Cinchona trees were grown in Indonesia for quinine production in 1854. The trees was originally brought to Java by Justus Carl Hasskarl from South America and was successfully experimented in the garden. Plants which are exotic to Indonesia, such as Eucalyptus from Australia, Conifers from Europe, and others are cultivated in the area.

Collection.

There are approximately 10,792 living specimens in the garden, including 320 orchids, 289 cacti, 22 succulent plants, 216 algae, 103 ferns, and 1162 garden plant species that live within the proximity of the botanic garden. Only 114 of the plant species present in the garden are native to West Java. Its herbarium contains approximately 4,852 preserved specimens of plants.  The collections are divided into outdoor and indoor sections. The indoor section houses plants within glasshouses, including cacti and orchids. The outdoor section is divided into a sakura garden, algae garden, rhododendron garden, fern garden, and medicine garden.  In April 2014, the botanic garden opened a new section, the House of Nepenthes (""), containing 55 species and 47 hybrid species of nepenthes.

Cibodas Bryophyte Park.

The Cibodas bryophyte park, or "Taman Lumut Cibodas", is part of the Cibodas Botanical Garden and is located between Mount Gede and Mount Gede Pangrango National Park. It was built in 2004 and opened to the public officially on April 11, 2006, on the occasion of the 154th anniversary of the Cibodas Botanical Gardens. The 1,500 m2 garden was designed to resemble the natural habitat of mosses. Natural shade is also provided by the shade of native Indonesian plants that grow around it to give the desired humid conditions.

Cibodas Botanical Gardens (, KRC) is an botanical garden on the slopes of Mount Gede, located in the Cibodas subdistrict of West Java, Indonesia. It is operated by the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI).

Cibodas ist ein Dorf knapp unterhalb des Puncak-Passes auf Java, Indonesien auf der Strecke zwischen Bogor und Bandung. Der Ort liegt am Hauptzugang zum Nationalpark Gunung Gede-Pangrango am Fuß der beiden Gipfel des Vulkans Gede. Vom Parkeingang führt ein Wanderweg zu einem kleinen See (Telaga Biru), einem Wasserfall (Cibeureum-Fälle, 1 Stunde), heißen Quellen (2 1⁄2 Stunden) und weiter zu den beiden Vulkangipfeln (10–12 Stunden Gehzeit jeweils). Der Ort ist geprägt von den gepflegten Gärten und Pflanzenverkaufsstellen der hier zahlreichen Gärtnereibetriebe.


Background and release.

"Upgrade U" (or "Upgrade You") was written by Beyoncé Knowles, MK, Makeba, Sean Garrett, Angela Beyincé, Jay-Z, Willie Clarke, Blowfly and Solange Knowles; with production from Swizz Beatz, Cameron Wallace, and Knowles. It was recorded at Sony Music Studios in New York City. T.I. was to be the original rap guest on the song; however, he was unable to record his verse for the song due to business reasons. Ultimately, Jay-Z was selected as the featuring artist; "Upgrade U" becoming his second collaboration with Knowles on "B'Day" – the first being "Déjà Vu" (2006). The song was released as a twelve-inch promotional single on November 27, 2006, in the United States only.

Music structure, theme and lyrics.

"Upgrade U" (or "Upgrade You) is a hip hop song, with influences of pop, soul, and contemporary R&B. According to the sheet music published at "Musicnotes.com" by EMI Music Publishing, the song is set in the key of D minor, with a moderate groove of 92 beats per minute in common time. Knowles' vocals range from the note of G to E. The song features a synth-horn backdrop as well as a bounce-based hand clap beat. Like most of the tracks on the album, the beat is reinforced by the Roland TR-808 drum machine, while the song also features a heavy bass. "Upgrade U" samples Betty Wright's 1968 song "Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do", composed by Willie Clarke and Clarence Reid. Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine noted that similarities between "Upgrade U" and songs from the Destiny's Child era in the sense that it could make a "female self-empowerment" anthem. According to Mike Joseph of PopMatters, "Upgrade U" contains "the natural chemistry" that Knowles and Jay-Z have in real life. The concept of the song revolves around a woman offering luxuries to a man, to upgrade the lifestyle and the reputation of the latter; similar to the concept of "Suga Mama", another track from "B'Day". Similarly, Phil Harrison of "Timeout" commented that the song has "a strange business-like" quality, which seems to posit a love affair as a business arrangement. Throughout the song, both Jay-Z and Knowles name-check a list of goods from prestige brands, companies, and personalities: "Audemars Piguet", a Swiss watchmaker; "Jacob the Jeweler", a celebrity jeweler; "Cartier", a jeweler and watch manufacturer; "Hermès", a luxury goods company; "Lorraine Schwartz", a celebrity jeweler; "Ralph Lauren Purple Label", a higher-end division of the famous designer's clothing line; "Natura Bisse Diamond Cream", a diamond dust mixed with cream; "6 star pent suites" (penthouse), of which only a handful exist in the world, such as at Crown Macau in China and Dreams Los Cabos near San Jose del Cabo in Mexico; "The Amalfi Coast", located in Southern Italy; "Fendi", a luxury goods company; and "The Bloomberg Luxury Accommodation Group", partly owned by the Calangian and Zobel families and located around the world catering to Hollywood-millionaire types. According to Eb Haynes of AllHipHop, Knowles displays "a lot of strength and confidence" when she mentions the assets she will gift her man to upgrade his lifestyle.  The song opens with a dialogue between Knowles and Jay-Z, with his verse rap sampling the lyrics, "How you gon' upgrade me? What's higher than number one? You know I used to beat that block. Now I be's the block." In the first verse, Knowles sings, "I hear you be the block but I'm the lights that keep the streets on". The chorus samples the lyrics: "You need a real woman in your life, that's a good look [...] Take care of home and still fly, that's a good look [...] Let me upgrade you, flip a new page". In the second verse, according to Sarah Rodman of "The Boston Globe", Knowles "disturbingly conflates transforming her man into a leader" by providing him with Veblen goods with "what Martin [Luther King, Jr.] did for the people", and after declaring herself the equal of her man offers to "let [him] take the lead role". Describing the lyrics of the second verse as Knowles' "funnier and more idiosyncratic than ever", Tim Finney of "Pitchfork" commented that she boasts of the song's "extreme makeover hard-sell" as she probably knows that she is "the only R&B singer" who could deliver those lines "with a straight face." Before the song ends, Jay-Z performs another verse-rap where he compares "the rock on his lady's finger to a tumor". In the third verse, Knowles declares to her love interest that his dynasty will ever remain incomplete without "a chief like [her]". She then delivers the chorus again before switching to her fourth and last verse: "Hermes briefcase, Cartier top clips, silk-lined blazers" and the song ends.

Critical reception.

"Upgrade U" received positive reviews from music critics, including those who complimented the assertive way in which Knowles expresses her desire of upgrading her partner with valuable assets. Eb Haynes of AllHipHop called the track "the finest of the Bonnie and Clyde, Ride or Die series". Sarah Rodman of "The Boston Globe" complimented the way that Knowles "declares herself an equal" and "disturbingly conflates transforming her man into a leader". Chris Williams of "The Washington Post" described the track a reflection of "buy-me-love sentiments". Andy Kellman of AllMusic considered "Upgrade U" the "most potent track on the album", which he described as a "low-slung Cameron Wallace production where Beyoncé wears and buys the pants while making her proposition sound more like empowerment than emasculation". Tim Finney of "Pitchfork" called it a "stiffly blaring" track and praised its lyrics, describing them to paraphrase as eccentric in a pleasant manner. Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine found "Upgrade U" could very well be a Destiny's Child track.  Bernard Zuel of "The Sydney Morning Herald" referred to it as a "mechanical" track. Phil Harrison of "Timeout" commented that "['Upgrade U'] hints at ambivalence towards bling aspirations." Mike Joseph of PopMatters wrote that the song survives not only due to Knowles' confident vocals, but also due to the chemistry that she and Jay-Z have both in the song and in real-life. He also added that Jay-Z's rhymes strongly suggest that "this rhyme animal is hungrier than ever". Carolyn Davis of "US Magazine" described "Upgrade U" as a "catchy track" where Knowles and Jay-Z address rumors concerning "a possible engagement".  Joy Rosen of "Entertainment Weekly"s listed "Upgrade U" at number five on his list of The 10 Best Songs of 2007, complimenting the collaboration of Knowles and Jay-Z in the song as "both halves of music's power couple pay tribute to the virtues of materialism." Shaheem Reid, Jayson Rodriguez and Rahman Dukes of MTV News placed the song at number 11 on his year-end list of 27 Essential R&B Songs of 2007. On their ranking of the best singles of aughts, "Slant Magazine" included the song at number 168."Upgrade U" was nominated in the category of Best Duet/Collaboration at the 2007 BET Awards, but lost to "Runaway Love" by Ludacris (featuring Mary J. Blige).

Chart performance.

After the release of "B'Day", and before "Upgrade U"'s official release as a single, the song gained popularity on R&B and hip hop radio stations in the United States. Consequently, it entered the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, and later the US "Billboard" Hot 100 chart at number 92 in the issue dated November 18, 2006. After its release as a promotional single, it reached a peak at number fifty-nine on the Hot 100 chart and a peak at number 11 on the R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. The song re-entered the "Hot 100" chart on four occasions: it first fell out of the chart on January 13, 2007; re-entered on January 20, 2007, at number 94 and charted for two weeks only; it re-entered the chart on February 10, 2007, and was given the title of 'Best Comeback', though it fell off the chart the following week; it re-entered seven weeks later on March 24, 2007, at number 98, and stayed there for two weeks; The song made its last comeback on the Hot 100 chart on April 14, 2007, at number eighty, once again gaining the title of the 'Best Comeback'. This time it remained in the chart for five weeks. Overall, it remained on the Hot 100 for eighteen non-consecutive weeks. Although not officially released in the United Kingdom, "Upgrade U" charted for three weeks on the UK Singles Chart and peaked at number 176 on May 19, 2007.

Music video.

The music video for "Upgrade U" was shot during the two-week filming for the "B'Day Anthology Video Album". It was directed by Melina and Knowles herself. The video was shot between those of "Kitty Kat" and "Green Light", and took about one and half days of filming. Jay-Z performed his rap scenes first, afterwards Knowles studied his scene, and then did her impersonation of him. Melina said: "If anybody knows Jay-Z, it would be Beyoncé". Knowles commented on her impersonation of Jay-Z on MTV, "I love what I did in ['Upgrade U'] because it's completely out of my character, or at least the character that people think I am. I was pretending to be Jay[-Z], and he was there, and I told him he had to leave, because I couldn't do it with him in the room — it was way too embarrassing. I think I did a pretty good job. I had the lip curl down!" The video premiered on February 28, 2007, on BET's "106 & Park", with the video for Knowles' other single release, "Beautiful Liar" (2007) featuring Shakira, premiering the same day on "Total Request Live" (TRL).  In the beginning of the video, Beyoncé is seen mouthing the words of Jay-Z's lyrics, dressed in masculine hip-hop style clothing. She is later seen wearing vintage Cazal 907 sunglasses while singing in the backseat of a Rolls Royce Silver Cloud III. During the choruses she dances in a gold minidress, in front of a group of male back-up dancers. She continues the Jay-Z imitation through his rapped verse and, halfway through it, Jay-Z appears to finish the rap himself with Beyoncé dancing around him, wearing a classic white dress-shirt. Beyoncé is seen amidst gold watches and jewelry, continuing the motif of luxury that is alluded to in the song. The music video for "Upgrade U" peaked at number six on Black Entertainment Television's "106 & Park" while it peaked at number one in the United Kingdom on MTV Base's "Chart Show" on May 16, 2007. The music video has been used as a commercial to advertise high definition satellite television from DirecTV; though portions of the video were re-shot for her announcement.

Live performances and covers.

Although Knowles did not perform the song in any televised appearances, it was a part of her set list on The Beyoncé Experience with Jay-Z in Los Angeles on September 2, 2007, and her worldwide I Am... Tour. When Knowles performed the song in Sunrise, Florida, on June 29, 2009, she was wearing a glittering gold leotard. As she sang, animated graphics of turntables, faders, and other nightclub equipment pulsed behind her, her dancers and the musicians. Knowles was accompanied by two drummers, two keyboardists, a percussionist, a horn section, three backup vocalists (collectively called Suga Mama), and guitarist Bibi McGill. "Upgrade U" was included as the fourteenth and twenty-second tracks on her live albums "The Beyoncé Experience Live" (2007) and "I Am... World Tour" (2010), respectively. "Upgrade U" was part of the set list of Beyoncé and Jay-Z's co-headlining On the Run Tour (2014).  2 Pistols' debut single "She Got It" which features T-Pain phrases "let me upgrade u" has been used on his 2008 debut album, "Death Before Dishonor". Additionally, Fabolous' "Make Me Better" featuring Ne-Yo phrases "front page ya" has been used on "From Nothin' to Somethin'". The phrase "let me upgrade U" from the song has also been used in Lil' Mama's "Lip Gloss", Kanye West's first verse in the freestyle of Rich Boy's "Throw Some D's", and Bow Wow's rap verse on the remix of Paula DeAnda's "Easy". Lil Wayne performed a freestyle over the beat of "Upgrade U" on his mixtape "Da Drought 3 "that was also included on Nicki Minaj's mixtape "Playtime Is Over". Beyoncé's former Destiny's Child group member LeToya Luckett referenced this song on a bonus track entitled "Swagger" on her second album "Lady Love" 'like bee say, 'let me upgrade ya'.  Side one

Formats and track listings.

Side two

Credits and personnel.

Credits are taken from "B'Day" liner notes.

"Upgrade U" is a song by American singer and songwriter Beyoncé from her second studio album "B'Day" (2006). The song features additional vocals from American rapper Jay-Z. It was composed by Swizz Beatz, Cameron Wallace, Beyoncé, MK, Makeba, Sean Garrett, Angela Beyincé, Jay-Z, Willie Clarke, Clarence Reid, and Beyoncé's sister, Solange. Columbia Records released "Upgrade U" as a promotional single on 8 October 2006 in the United States only. "Upgrade U" draws from the genres of hip hop and contemporary R&B. The concept of the song revolves around a woman offering luxuries to a man to upgrade his lifestyle.

Upgrade U ist ein Hip-Hop-Song von der US-amerikanischen R&B-Sängerin Beyoncé Knowles im Duett mit dem Rapper Jay-Z. Das Lied wurde von Swizz Beatz, Cameron Wallace und Knowles für ihr zweites Studioalbum "B’Day" produziert. "Upgrade U" handelt von einer Beziehung zwischen einem Mann und einer Frau. Die Frau möchte, dass ihr Mann sie verwöhnt und sie wie eine Königin behandelt.


Personal life.

Halim Haryanto Ho was born in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia on 23 September 1976 to Hadimulya Ho and Ana Wun. Haryanto began playing badminton at the age of 8. He graduated from West Java, Indonesia High School in 1994 and joined the Indonesia National Badminton Team in 1995, specializing as a men's doubles player. He is currently married to Jeanny N. Ho, whose father is Hariamanto Kartono, silver medalist at the 1980 IBF World Championships and gold medalist of the All England, Indonesian Open, and Thomas Cup. Together they have two daughters, Gabriella Ho and Graciella Ho. Amongst his hobbies are basketball, swimming, watching James Bond movies, and That '70s Show. He also became a certified massage therapist in 2006. After living in the United States for seven years, Haryanto gained his U.S Citizenship on 19 August 2011.

Career.

From 1995 to 2004 Haryanto played for the Indonesia National Badminton Team with various partners before immigrating to the U.S in fall of 2004 to pursue a career as a badminton coach. In those 9 years he played for Indonesia, he enjoyed his most success with fellow countryman and now U.S citizen, Tony Gunawan. He won his first ever gold medals at the 1998 Malaysia Open and Brunei Open in men's doubles with Tony Gunawan. That year he was also the bronze medalists at the Badminton Asia Championships. In 2001 he won the bi-annual International Badminton Federation World Championship as well as the 2001 All England Championship in men's doubles with Tony Gunawan. They also won the 2001 Singapore Open that year as well. The Singapore Open would be the last international badminton tournament that Haryanto and Gunawan would compete in together under the PBSI.

2002-2004.

After the Singapore Open, Haryanto was paired up with Tri Kusharjanto as a part of the Indonesian 2002 Thomas Cup team. They eventually won the 2002, winning their final round match against Malaysia in men's doubles. Near the end 2002 Haryanto began coaching the Indonesian Junior National Badminton team at the SGS Badminton Club in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. In 2003 Haryanto was paired up with Candra Wijaya, Olympic gold medalist at the 2000 Summer Olympics in men's doubles with Haryanto's previous partner, Tony Gunawan. Their short-lived partnership won them the Copenhagen Masters in 2003 before Haryanto resigned from the Indonesia National Badminton Team and moved to the United States in October 2004.

2004–present.

After moving to the United States he procured a job as a badminton coach at Bay Badminton Center in Burlingame, California, while maintaining international presence. In 2005 Haryanto paired up with his former partner, Tony Gunawan (who moved to the United States as well), and won the 2005 Chinese Taipei Open, 2005 Bitburger Open, and the U.S. Open later in 2006. Since then, Haryanto has competed in and several won national level titles including the international level U.S Open as a representative of the United States. Haryanto is also a legendary coach, achieving Level 4 Certified High Performance Coach of USA Badminton, the highest coaching status in the United States. He was also a part of the 2011 United States Pan American Games Badminton Team that competed at the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara, Mexico. He is currently working as Apex Badminton Academy head coach at [San Diego Badminton Center Court - https://www.sdbccinc.com] in San Diego, California.

Achievements.

World Championships.

"Men's doubles"

Pan American Games.

"Men's doubles" "Mixed doubles"

Asian Games.

"Men's doubles"

Asian Championships.

"Men's doubles"

BWF Grand Prix.

The BWF Grand Prix has two levels: Grand Prix and Grand Prix Gold. It is a series of badminton tournaments, sanctioned by Badminton World Federation (BWF) since 2007. The World Badminton Grand Prix sanctioned by International Badminton Federation (IBF) since 1983.  "Men's doubles" "Mixed doubles"

BWF International Challenge/Series/Satellite.

"Men's doubles" "Mixed doubles"

Invitation Tournament.

"Men's doubles"

Halim Haryanto Ho (born 23 September 1976) is an Indonesian former badminton player. He is a former world champion along with his doubles partner Tony Gunawan. Haryanto immigrated to the United States in 2004 to pursue a coaching career. He now resides in San Diego, California, Apex Badminton Academy head coach at SDBCC in San Diego and representing the United States as a badminton player of Team USA.

Halim Haryanto Ho (* 23. September 1976 in Bandung, Jawa Barat, Indonesien) ist ein ehemaliger indonesischer Badmintonspieler, der später für die USA startete.


Career.

Both brothers were signed by the for the 2014 season, with Jon leaving for at the beginning of 2017.

Movistar Team (2014–2017).

Izagirre won the Prueba Villafranca de Ordizia for the third time in his career in 2014. His first top 10 in a World Tour stage race came in 2015, when he placed 9th in Paris–Nice. In 2017, Izagirre finished fourth overall at Paris–Nice and won stage 8 in the 100th edition of the Giro d'Italia.

Bahrain–Merida (2018).

Izagirre signed with the team for the 2018 season. He started off the season with 7th overall at Tour Down Under, and then took 3rd place overall at the Tour of Oman. He was captain of the team together with his brother Ion Izagirre at Paris–Nice. They attacked on the downhill on the last stage and the brothers looked to finish 1st and 2nd but they both crashed in a turn on the downhill section, meaning their bikes tangled together. They lost their advantage and Gorka finished 3rd overall. In late June, Izagirre finished 2nd in the Spanish National Time Trial Championships, and days later he won the Spanish National Road Race Championships. Going into the Tour de France, Izagirre was a domestique for team captain Vincenzo Nibali, however Nibali went out of the race on stage 13, meaning Izagirre had the chance to hunt stage wins. He managed to get into the breakaway on stage 16 and finished 2nd on the stage, 15 seconds down on stage winner Julian Alaphilippe.

Astana.

In August 2018 it was announced that the Izagirre brothers would join in 2019.

Gorka Izagirre Insausti (born 7 October 1987) is a professional cyclist, who currently rides for UCI WorldTeam. He is the brother of fellow racing cyclist Ion Izagirre.

Gorka Izagirre Insausti, auch "Gorka Izaguirre", (* 7. Oktober 1987 in Ormaiztegi) ist ein spanischer Radrennfahrer. Er ist der ältere Bruder des Radsportlers Ion Izagirre.


Life and career.

Kunz was born in Allentown, Pennsylvania, United States, the only son of Margaret T. (Wehr) and Leonard Kunz, a master baker who played the French horn. He made his debut aged six and made his first appearance as a prodigy aged seven. During World War I he led his own resident band, while working in a munitions factory.  He came to the United Kingdom in 1922 as a pianist in a small dance band. He was to remain there until his death from a heart attack in 1958. He is buried in Streatham Vale Cemetery. He was such a distinctive and popular pianist that he abandoned his orchestra to concentrate on his piano playing, both at music hall venues and on the BBC. Two of Britain's most famous female vocalists were with his orchestra in the 1930s: Vera Lynn and Welsh songstress Dorothy Squires. His best known crooner was George Barclay. Kunz was the pianist in a dance band which was led by the drummer, Ed Krick. The band came to London in 1922 to play a residency in the London Trocadero. The band returned without Kunz to Pennsylvania after a successful run at the 'Troc' and, until 1998, still got together for sessions for retirement homes, renamed as 'The B Flats'.  His debut as a soloist came in 1934 at the Holborn Empire, London followed by countless variety theatres in Britain and the Continent, after playing in hotels, restaurants and ballrooms. The same year saw the beginning of what was to become a continuous output of solo records of "Charlie Kunz Medleys". His signature tune was "Clap Hands, Here Comes Charlie", and his closing theme was "Pink Elephants".  He became the highest paid pianist in the world, earning up to £1,000 a week. His piano transcriptions sold widely in the teaching of piano-playing. Kunz's playing style was a relaxed flowing interpretation of popular melodies played with subtle soft and loud accents, which he called "melody and rhythm with expression".  He was married three times:  He is buried in Streatham Park Cemetery in London.

Charles Leonard Kunz (August 18, 1896 – March 16, 1958) was an American-born British musician popular during the British dance band era, and who became a pianist.

Charles „Charlie“ Kunz (* 18. August 1896 in Allentown, Pennsylvania; † 16. März 1958 in Middleton-on-Sea, West Sussex, England) war ein britischer Pianist und Bandleader des Swing und der Tanzmusik.


Academic work.

Lindblom was one of the early developers and advocates of the theory of incrementalism in policy and decision-making. This view (also called gradualism) takes a "baby-steps", "Muddling Through" or "Echternach Theory" approach to decision-making processes. In it, policy change is, under most circumstances, evolutionary rather than revolutionary. He came to this view through his extensive studies of Welfare policies and Trade Unions throughout the industrialized world. These views are set out in two articles, separated by 20 years: "The Science Of 'Muddling Through'" (1959) and “Still Muddling, Not yet through” (1979), both published in Public Administration Review.  Together with his friend, colleague and fellow Yale professor Robert A. Dahl, Lindblom was a champion of the Polyarchy (or "Pluralistic") view of political elites and governance in the late 1950s and early 1960s. According to this view, no single, monolithic elite controls government and society, but rather a series of specialized elites compete and bargain with one another for control. It is this peaceful competition and compromise between elites in politics and the marketplace that drives free-market democracy and allows it to thrive.  However, Lindblom soon began to see the shortcomings of Polyarchy with regard to democratic governance. When certain groups of elites gain crucial advantages, become too successful and begin to collude with one another instead of compete, Polyarchy can easily turn into Corporatism.  Lindblom died on January 30, 2018 at the age of 100.

"Politics and Markets (1977)".

In his best known work, "Politics And Markets" (1977), Lindblom notes the "Privileged position of business in Polyarchy". He also introduces the concept of "circularity", or "controlled volitions" where "even in the democracies, masses are persuaded to ask from elites only what elites wish to give them." Thus any real choices and competition are limited. Worse still, any development of alternative choices or even any serious discussion and consideration of them is effectively discouraged. An example of this is the political party system in the United States, which is almost completely dominated by two powerful parties that often reduce complex issues and decisions down to two simple choices. Related to this is the concurrent concentration of the U.S. mass communications media into an Oligopoly, which effectively controls who gets to participate in the national dialogue and who suffers a censorship of silence.  "Politics And Markets" provoked a wide range of critical reactions that extended beyond the realms of academia. The Mobil Corporation took out a full page ad in "The New York Times" to denounce it. This helped the book achieve greater notoriety, which in turn helped it get onto "The New York Times" Best Seller list (a rarity for a scholarly work). Due to his criticism of democratic capitalism and polyarchy, and also for his seeming praise for the political-economy of Tito's Yugoslavia, Lindblom was (perhaps predictably) labeled a "Closet Communist" and a "Creeping Socialist" by conservative critics in the west. Marxist and Communist critics chided him for not going far enough. Originally, Dahl, too, disagreed with many of Lindblom's observations and conclusions; but in a recent work "How Democratic Is the American Constitution?" he also has become critical of polyarchy in general and its U.S. form in particular.  Lindblom elaborated on his work in a 1982 "Journal of Politics" article. According to Lindblom, it is hard for politicians to implement change when those changes adversely affect those who control capital, because those who control capital create the conditions that determine the success of society. Unlike other actors, who must proactively advocate for and against policies, the owners of capital can by virtue of their importance for society shape public policy decisions.  In "The Market System: What It Is, How It Works, and What to Make of It" (2001), Lindblom echoed and expanded upon many of his concerns raised in "Politics And Markets". The most important of these is that while the Market System is the best mechanism yet devised for creating and fostering wealth and innovation, it is not very efficient at assigning non-economic values and distributing social or economic justice.

Charles Edward Lindblom (March 21, 1917 – January 30, 2018) was an American academic who was Sterling Professor Emeritus of Political Science and Economics at Yale University. He served as President of the American Political Science Association and the Association for Comparative Economic Studies, as well as Director of Yale's Institution for Social and Policy Studies.

Charles E. Lindblom ("Charles Edward Lindblom;" * 21. März 1917 in Stanislaus County, Kalifornien; † 30. Januar 2018 in Santa Fe, New Mexico) war Sterling Professor für Politikwissenschaft und Wirtschaftswissenschaft an der Yale University. Er war zudem Präsident der American Political Science Association und der "Association for Comparative Economic Studies" sowie Direktor der "Institution for Social and Policy Studies" von Yale.


IAAF World Ranking.

Kortchaguina's current world ranking in Women's Marathon is 914th, with her overall world ranking at 9,692nd. As for her highest ever world ranking positions, she was ranked 837th in Women's Marathon, 656th in Women's Road Running, and 8,979th in Women's Overall Ranking.

IAAF Race Records.

Kortchaguina's first recorded IAAF Race result occurred on August 7, 1982, in Leningrad(RUS), where she competed in the 5,000m race and placed 1st with a time of 16:27 (16 minutes & 27 seconds). The next day on August 8, 1982, Kortchaguina achieved another 1st-place finish, this time in the 10,000m race. She finished with a time of 34:04.5 (34 minutes & 4.5 seconds).  On October 13, 1996, Kortchaguina finished 1st in the Lyon Marathon in France, with a time of 2:35:35 (2 hours, 35 minutes, & 35 seconds). Less than a month later, on November 10, 1996, she finished 4th in the Puteaux Marathon in France, with a time of 2:34:39 (2 hours, 34 minutes, & 39 seconds). The winner of the 1996 Puteaux Marathon, Lidia Panciu, finished with a time of 2:33:22, only 1 minute & 17 seconds faster than Kortchaguina.  On October 15, 2000, Kortchaguina competed in the Istanbul Marathon, achieving a 7th-place finish with a time of 2:46:00 (2 hours & 46 minutes).  In the 2006 Commonwealth Games, held in Melbourne, Kortchaguina achieved a 6th-place finish in Women's Marathon with a time of 2:36:43 (2 hours, 36 minutes, & 43 seconds).

Lioudmila Kortchaguina (born 26 July 1971) is a Canadian marathon runner of Russian descent. Kortchaguina was born in Yekaterinburg, Soviet Russia, and became a Canadian citizen in June 2005. She has represented Canada internationally in events such as the 2005 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships and the 2006 Commonwealth Games.

Lioudmila Kortchaguina (, "Ljudmila Kortschagina," engl. Transkription "Lyudmila Korchagina"; * 26. Juli 1971 in Swerdlowsk) ist eine kanadische Marathonläuferin russischer Herkunft.


History.

The firm was founded in 1964 by Egon P.S. Zehnder (a 1956 Harvard Business School graduate) and would later grow to having 68 offices in 40 countries.  In 1992, "The Wall Street Journal" reported that Dr. Zehnder, who at the time was 62, had transitioned out of running the firm and that A. Daniel Meiland, who had been the firm's regional director for North America, would be named chairman of the executive committee and chief executive officer of the company.  In 2000, "The Wall Street Journal" reported that Egon Zehnder International (as the company was called at the time) was the largest executive search firm in Europe.  From 2008 to 2014, Damien O’Brien was the chief executive officer. O'Brien then served as Chairman from 2010 to 2018. Jill Ader is his successor, and was elected as Chairperson June 2018. Currently Edilson Camara serves as CEO

Corporate structure.

In 2013, "The Wall Street Journal" reported the firm has some 1,200 employees, including 420 consultants. In early 2013, the firm rebranded worldwide, dropping International from its name.

Events & Initiatives.

Leaders & Daughters.

Egon Zehnder introduced Leaders & Daughters in March 2015 in London to provide a forum for addressing both the gender divide and the opportunity gap faced by the next generation of women leaders. The event brings together leaders and their daughters and mentees to discuss the obstacles women leaders face and how to tackle such obstacles.  The event, which marks its 6th year in 2020, is held across 32 cities worldwide and over 5,000 attendees annually.

Letters to My Daughter.

As part of the Leaders & Daughters initiative, Egon Zehnder invites leaders to write letters to their daughters to collectively inspire, cultivate and pave a better future for the next generation of female leaders.

Exclusive Research.

Egon Zehnder has conducted exclusive research on diversity, inclusion and leadership.

Leaders and Daughters Survey 2017.

The Leaders & Daughters 2017 survey explores findings from over 7,000 professional female respondents worldwide in Australia, Brazil, China, Germany, India, the United States and the United Kingdom on topics ranging from career motivations and ambition to professional advancement and key influencers.

The CEO: A Personal Reflection.

Egon Zehnder's "The CEO: A Personal Reflection" surveyed 402 CEOs from various industries, countries and corporate structures. They shared perspectives on the realities of the role, their preparation, their succession planning process, and how they lead and cope in these volatile times.

Global Board Diversity Analysis: 2012-2018.

Egon Zehnder has tracked gender and international diversity on boards around the world for the past 14 years.

2012 European Board Diversity Analysis.

The "2012 European Board Diversity Analysis" looked at the boards of 353 of the largest companies across 17 European countries between May and June 2012. The analysis aims to contrast and compare the progress made by European companies in diversifying their boards. Data was gathered to measure how many women are engaged as board members in Europe, what is the nature of their engagement – executive roles vs. non-executive roles, leadership roles on the board or within committees – and whether women’s participation on boards has increased or decreased over time. The research also looked briefly at wider definitions of diversity such as non-national board memberships.

2014 European Board Diversity Analysis with a Global Perspective.

The "2014 European Board Diversity Analysis" – the sixth in a series of biennial studies initiated in 2004 – profiles the boards of 356 of the largest companies across 17 European countries. The 2014 study also includes a global perspective, exploring gender diversity across 568 large company boards in other regions of the world.

2016 Global Board Diversity Analysis (GBDA).

The Egon Zehnder "2016 Global Board Diversity Analysis (GBDA)" evaluates board data from 1,491 public companies with market capitalization exceeding EUR 6bn across 44 countries.

2018 Global Board Diversity Tracker: Who’s Really On Board?

Their 2018 report", Who's Really on Board?", analyzes BoardEx data from 1,610 public companies with market caps above 7 billion euros in 44 different countries as of May 2018. In countries with fewer large companies, they use the six largest companies as measured by market capitalization.

Egon Zehnder is a global management consulting and executive search firm. Egon Zehnder is the world's largest privately held executive search firm and the third largest executive search and talent strategy firm globally. The firm offers services in Executive Search, Board Consulting and Leadership Strategy Services.

Egon Zehnder ist ein Schweizer Beratungsunternehmen, das in der Personalberatung, insbesondere in den Bereichen Executive Search und Leadership Advisory, tätig ist. Das Unternehmen wurde 1964 von Egon Zehnder in Zürich gegründet.


Career.

Magnusson's Swedish national titles included seven in women's singles between 1982 and 1990. She won the bronze medal at the 1989 IBF World Championships and a silver medal at the 1991 IBF World Championships in women's doubles with Maria Bengtsson. She also represented Sweden at the 1992 Summer Olympics and 1996 Summer Olympics. She won gold in women's doubles at the 1992 and 1994 European Badminton Championships with Lim Xiaoqing and the Badminton World Cup women's doubles with Lim in 1993.  In the Open Grand Prix Circuit Christine Magnusson won the USSR International titles in singles and doubles (with Maria Bengtsson) in 1981, the Scottish Open singles titles in 1985, 1986 and 1988. In 1987 she won the Belgian International in women's singles and the Dutch Open doubles title with Maria Bengtsson. She won more women's doubles titles again with Maria Bengtsson at the Belgian International 1988 and also at the Chinese Taipei Masters Open 1988 and the Finnish International 1990. In 1991 she won both the singles and doubles titles (with Maria Bengtsson) at the Chinese Taipei Masters Open.  She won the Scottish Open and German Open women's doubles titles in 1991 and 1992 with Lim Xiaoqing. She also won the doubles title at the Danish Open with Lim Xiaoqing in 1992 and 1994, the US Open in 1992, and both the Malaysia Open and Chinese Taipei Open in 1993.  In 1996 Christine Magnusson won the Polish Open doubles title with Marina Andrievskaia.

Personal life.

Christine Magnusson was born in Uganda, as daughter of an Ugandan mother and a Swedish father. The family fled Uganda during the rule of Idi Amin and moved to Sweden in 1975 after also living in Kenya for a while, where she first came in contact with badminton. After arriving in Sweden she became a member of the Taby Badminton Club at the young age of ten years. Under the guidance of trainer Dan Andersson she quickly improved her skills and already at a young age of 16 years she was selected by the National badminton team of Sweden. Eventually playing two Olympic Games and many international events at the top level of the sport of badminton for many decades.  Christine was married to fellow Danish badminton player Max Gandrup and the pair have two children; daughter Tanja born in 1997 and son Kevin born in 1999. After retirement in the sport she started working as a sales coordinator at a cosmetics company. In her free time she now plays golf.

Christine Kajumba Magnusson (born November 21, 1964 in Toro Kingdom, Uganda) is a retired Swedish badminton player who won events in numerous Swedish National, open European and other international tournaments.

Christine Kajumba Magnusson (* 21. November 1964 in Fort Portal, Toro Kingdom, Uganda, verheiratete Christine Gandrup) ist eine ehemalige schwedische Badmintonspielerin.


Education.

Haldane was educated at St Paul's School, London and Christ's College, Cambridge where he was awarded a Bachelor of Arts degree followed by a PhD in 1978 for research supervised by Philip Warren Anderson.

Career and research.

Haldane worked as a physicist at Institut Laue–Langevin in France between 1977 and 1981. In August 1981, Haldane became an assistant professor of physics at the University of Southern California, where he remained until 1987. Haldane was then appointed as an associate professor of physics in 1981 and later a professor of physics in 1986. In July 1986, Haldane joined the department of physics at University of California, San Diego as a professor of physics, where he remained until February 1992. In 1990, Haldane was appointed as a professor of physics in the department of physics at Princeton University, where he remains to this day. In 1999, Haldane was named as the Eugene Higgins Professor of Physics. In 2017, he was named the Sherman Fairchild University Professor of Physics.  Haldane is known for a wide variety of fundamental contributions to condensed matter physics including the theory of Luttinger liquids, the theory of one-dimensional spin chains, the theory of fractional quantum hall effect, exclusion statistics, entanglement spectra and much more.

Awards and honours.

Haldane was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1996 and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (Boston) in 1992; a Fellow of the American Physical Society (1986) and a Fellow of the Institute of Physics (1996) (UK); a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (2001). Haldane was elected as a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences in 2017. He was awarded the Oliver E. Buckley Prize of the American Physical Society (1993); Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Research Fellow (1984–88); Lorentz Chair (2008), Dirac Medal (2012); Doctor Honoris Causae of the Université de Cergy-Pontoise (2015). Lise Meitner Distinguished Lecturer, 2017  With David J. Thouless and J. Michael Kosterlitz, Haldane shared the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics "for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter".

Personal life.

Haldane is a British and Slovenian citizen and United States permanent resident. Haldane and his wife, Odile Belmont, live in Princeton, New Jersey. His father was a doctor in the British Army stationed on Yugoslavia/Austria border and there he met young medicine student Ljudmila Renko, a Slovene, and subsequently married her and moved back to England where Duncan was born.  He received Slovenian citizenship at a ceremony at the Slovenian Embassy in Washington, DC on March 22, 2019.

Frederick Duncan Michael Haldane (born 14 September 1951), known as F. Duncan Haldane, is a British born physicist who is currently the Sherman Fairchild University Professor of Physics at Princeton University, and a Distinguished Visiting Research Chair at Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics. He is a co-recipient of the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics, along with David J. Thouless and J. Michael Kosterlitz.

Frederick Duncan Michael Haldane (* 14. September 1951 in London) ist ein britischer Physiker, der in theoretischer Festkörperphysik arbeitet. 2016 erhielt er (zusammen mit David J. Thouless und J. Michael Kosterlitz) für Forschungen zur Theorie verschiedener topologischer Phasen der Materie den Nobelpreis für Physik.


Career.

As player.

Manthey had his greatest success in Dessau. His first senior matches came when he was just 17 years old, playing for Meidericher SV in the Bezirksklasse Niederrhein. For the 1932-33 season Manthey joined the Bezirksliga side SV Schwarz-Weiß Westende Hamborn where he stayed until 1936. He then left the Rhine area and joined SV Dessau 05, competing in the Gauliga Mitte, one of then 16 top flight leagues. He won the Gauliga championship six times, qualifying for the German championship play-offs. Manthey played in 17 of the 22 championship play-off matches, establishing himself as a midfielder. His last match in the German championship came on 16 April 1944, when Dessau lost at home 2-3 after extra time to Holstein Kiel. After World War II, Dessau 05 was disbanded and replaced by a new club which changed names frequently. Manthey played for this new club, then called Sport-Union Dessau, until 1947 when he left for Werder Bremen. After staying in Bremen for half a year, he returned to Dessau and re-joined his club. After another short stint at Bremen, Manthey finally settled in Dessau and became player-manager of SG Dessau-Nord, which was renamed BSG Waggonbau Dessau in 1949.

As player-manager.

Waggonbau Dessau were one of the founding members of the Oberliga that was introduced as the top flight in the Soviet occupation zone in 1949. With Manthey at the helm, Dessau finished third in their first season and also won the inaugural FDGB-Pokal, beating Gera Süd 1–0. Manthey kept playing until the end of 1950–51 Oberliga season and played in 46 Oberliga matches. In his playing career, Manthey won several caps for the selections of the Gauliga Mitte, of Saxony-Anhalt (4) and of the Soviet occupation zone (2).

As manager.

At the start of the 1951–52 season, DDR-Liga side BSG Stahl Magdeburg signed Manthey as manager. He officially acted as player-manager again in his first season, playing in three matches. The club was soon renamed to BSG Motor Mitte Magdeburg, but Manthey was unable to win promotion to the Oberliga with the side. At the end of the 1954–55 season he was replaced by Heinz Joerk, but re-hired on 30 September 1956 when the club was in danger of relegation. He finished in third place and saw the club absorbed into SC Aufbau Magdeburg in 1957. When Magdeburg had a bad start to the 1958 season, he was fired again in April 1958. He later managed lower league sides such as TuS Neustadt in Magdeburg or Chemie Rodleben.

Johannes "Hans" Manthey (born 8 March 1914) is a former football player turned manager. He played in pre–World War II Germany, as well as in the Bizone and East Germany. He later managed clubs in the DDR-Oberliga.

Johannes „Hans“ Manthey (* 8. März 1914 in Duisburg; † unbekannt) war Fußballspieler in West- und Ostdeutschland sowie Fußballtrainer in der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone und in der DDR.