Location.

It is situated in the bottom of the Valley of Boí. The engine of its economy is the tourism. In 2005 had 262 inhabitants. To get to Taüll, from the city of Lleida take the N-230 road, that begins in Lleida and finishes in Vielha. The N-230 goes through the village of Pont de Suert. At the end of the village turn right to take the L-500, the main road of the Valley of Boí. Continue on this road after leave behind Barruera until another fork. Turn to the right at L-501, that takes you to the settlements of Boí and Taüll and finishes at the ski station of Boí-Taüll.

History.

In 806 the Count of Tolosa freed the region from the Muslim domination and from the tribute they had to pay. Later, the Valley of Boí was given to the Country of Pallars, dependent on the Church of Urgell.  In 911, after a serious conflict with the Church of Urgell, a bschopric was established which included the countries of Pallars and Ribagorça.  In 949 both countries separated: Ribagorça remained in the new bishopric while Pallars came back again under the Church of Urgell. Further juridic conflicts make both countries join again and until the early 12th century the stability didn't reach the region. It was at this time when the region was favored by Alfons I "El Batallador", because the direct participation of region's Lords in his reconquest campaign, becoming improved and gaining wealth. Lord of Erill had the villages of Taüll and Boí under his jurisdiction, and was this period of wealthy what allowed all the rustic churches in the valley to be renewed, being replaced by others of romanesque construction, richly decorated and with outstanding liturgical furniture. The churches of Sant Climent, Sant Martí (destroyed by an avalanche in the seventies) and Santa Maria where constructed in Taüll.  Lords of Erill were a very important barony in the Pirenees. They are known because they planned the construction of the churches in the Valley of Boí. The valley was dominated by the Erills and they had the castle in the nowadays abandoned village of Erillcastell. The name of Taüll means ATA-ULI ("the peak of the village")

Economy.

Taüll's economy is based on tourism and livestock.

Geography.

Situated at 1,520 meters height in the valley of Sant Martí, a small valley in the Valley of Boí. The closest river is the Sant Martí river, Noguera de Tor affluent. A ravine splits the village in two districts: La Guinsa and Lo Barri. La Guinsa goes from the entrance of the village to the ravine, and Lo Barri goes from the ravine to the high part of the village.

Taüll () is a town in the province of Lleida, in Catalonia, Spain. It is home to the church of Sant Climent de Taüll, an excellent example of Romanesque architecture.

Taüll ist ein Dorf der Gemeinde Vall de Boí in der Provinz Lleida der Autonomen Gemeinschaft Katalonien in Spanien. Es liegt am Rande der Pyrenäen in der nordöstlichen Ecke der Comarca Alta Ribagorça.


Life.

Louis Justin Laurent Icart was the first son of Jean and Elisabeth Icart. He started drawing early on. His aunt, who was impressed by his talent during a visit, brought him to Paris in 1907, where he dedicated himself to painting, drawing and the production of numerous etchings.  In the studio, where he initially produced frivolous postcards with copies of existing images, he soon designed his own works. Thereupon he received orders for the design of title pages for the magazine "La Critique Théâtrale". Fashion houses hired Icart to create fashion sketches, with which he soon became known. In 1913 he showed his pictures at the Salon des Humoristes. Icart then learned the technique of copperplate engraving and from then on worked with this process. He was now working for the large French design studios and illustrated their catalogs. In 1914 he met the eighteen-year-old "beautiful blonde" Fanny Volmers, an employee of the Paquin fashion house, whom he married later and who was the model for many of his works.  Icart participated in the First World War as a fighter pilot. During this time he made countless sketches and etchings with patriotic themes. On his return, he made prints of his work, mostly using aquatint and drypoint etching. Because of the great demand, he often published two versions, one for the European and another for the American market.  In 1920 he exhibited at the Paris Simonson Gallery, where he received mixed reviews. In 1922, Louis Icart traveled with Fanny to New York City for his first American exhibition, which was first shown in the Belmaison gallery in John Wanamaker's department store and later moved to Wanamakers in Philadelphia. For his fifty oil paintings shown, he received mixed reviews again.  In the late 1920s, Icart was very successful both artistically and financially with his publications and his work for large fashion and design studios. The popularity of his etchings peaked in the Art Deco era. Icart depicted life in Paris and New York in the 1920s and 1930s in his own style of painting. Success in 1930 enabled him to buy a magnificent house on the Montmartre hill in the north of Paris. In 1932 Icart showed in the New York Metropolitan Galleries a collection of paintings entitled "Les Visions Blanches", which received little attention, however, because he did not personally accompany the exhibition.  After the German western campaign, Icart turned to more serious issues. With "L’Exode", he created a series of works that document the horrors of the occupation of France in World War II from 1940 onwards. During this time, Icart had to flee Paris and leave behind some of these works, which were only rediscovered in the attic of a Paris art academy together with some of his earlier works in the 1970s.  Icart died in his Parisian house in 1950.

Work.

Icart's style of painting was based on the French masters of the 18th century, such as Jean-Antoine Watteau, François Boucher and Jean-Honoré Fragonard. an. His drawings were influenced by Edgar Degas and Claude Monet; his rare watercolors bore features of the symbolists Odilon Redon and Gustave Moreau. Many of his early atmospheric paintings are in shades of brown, gold, and red; however, his pictures became brighter during his career.  Icart's depictions of women were mostly sensual, often erotic, but also always humorous and full of hinted or direct sexuality. In his pictures, beautiful courtesans frolicked on thick pillows with facial expressions full of passion, dismay or surprise. Horses, dogs or cats were often part of his subjects.  Icart made over 500 engravings and illustrated more than 30 books. His works have titles like:

Louis Icart (born 9 December 1888 in Toulouse, died 20 December 1950 in Paris) was a French painter, graphic artist and illustrator.

Louis Justin Laurent Icart (* 9. Dezember 1888 in Toulouse; † 20. Dezember 1950 in Paris) war ein französischer Maler, Grafiker und Illustrator.


History.

An early version of BWV 572 was copied by Johann Gottfried Walther. The title page of Walther's manuscript reads "Piece d'Orgue | di | Giov: Sebast: Bach". This copy probably originated around 1714–1717. According to George B. Stauffer, Bach composed this version between 1708 and. Also Jean-Claude Zehnder supposes that this version of the piece was composed in Bach's early Weimar years, while he also mentions's contention that it may have been composed somewhat later. The earliest extant copies of Bach's revised version date from the 1720s. Also these manuscripts carry the title "Piece d'Orgue". The oldest extant copy of the revised version was written by a Köthen pupil late 1722, around half a year before Bach moved to Leipzig. A lost manuscript, which served for the publication of the piece in 1846, was, according to Peter Williams, likely titled "Fantasia". Philipp Spitta, naming the work Fantasia in the 1873 first volume of his Bach-biography, considered it more Buxtehude-like than any other composition by Bach. The Bach Gesellschaft published the piece as "" in 1891. A century later, the New Bach Edition returned to the name found in the early manuscripts, i.e. "Pièce d'Orgue". Breitkopf's 21st-century new Urtext edition also uses this name for BWV 572.  Most printed editions entitle it a Fantasia, but there is little suggestion of improvisation, particularly in the main, central movement. Many recitalists refer to it in their programmes as "Piece d'Orgue", its title in all the contemporary copies; but this, according to Peter Williams, is possibly misleading, as there is little French about the music itself, except the use of ninths and sevenths in the style of de Grigny (in the middle "alla breve" section) and the possible allusion to French "plein jeu" music (by the choice of the key of G major). The work could more accurately be described as a toccata, since it shares in the tradition of sectional toccatas (as conveyed by Buxtehude) with a central contrapuntal section that is surrounded by a toccata-like framework.

Structure.

The piece starts in compound quadruple meter (). This movement is very dynamic and cheerful, and features complete absence of the pedal. The broken chords shared between left and right hand do not seem to have a parallel in any work by another composer, though Williams notes a similarity in the "idea of running semiquavers for hands followed by a sustained "durezza" passage with pedals" with a prelude by Christian Friedrich Witt. The youthful vigor and digital dexterity of the opening movement leads to a broken tonic pedal point, which then transitions to the contrapuntal central section which features five voices. In contrast to the first movement, it employs the entire range of the instrument. The dense texture of the movement makes it more idiomatic for the instrument and more typical for Bach. The movement uses long held chords with many suspensions to great effect, an idiom which Bach employed with relative frequency in his mature works.  The contrapuntal section fails to resolve back to its key chord, and instead leads into a coda which shows close similarities to the final line of BWV 565, Bach's Toccata and Fugue in D minor.

The Fantasia or Pièce d'Orgue (organ piece) in G major, BWV 572, is a composition for organ by Johann Sebastian Bach.

Die Fantasie G-Dur, auch Pièce d’Orgue genannt (BWV 572), ist eine Orgelkomposition von Johann Sebastian Bach und gehört zu seinen bekanntesten und meistgespielten Orgelwerken. Sie stammt aus Bachs Weimarer Zeit, besteht aus drei Teilen und ist in zwei Fassungen überliefert. Die Frühfassung ist eine Abschrift, die Bachs entfernter Vetter Johann Gottfried Walther um 1712 in Weimar angefertigt hat. Die zweite Fassung, bei der vor allem der erste Teil erweitert wurde, entstand in den späten 1720er Jahren in Leipzig.


Background.

Donald Fagan said of the song's opening lines and theme:  The song was largely written at Fagen's house in Malibu and was prompted by his observation that "... if a college football team like the University of Alabama could have a grandiose name like the 'Crimson Tide' the nerds and losers should be entitled to a grandiose name as well." The song's protagonist has been described by Fagen as "autobiographical in that it reflected the dreams of both Fagen and Becker about becoming jazz musicians while they were living in the suburbs". Characterized as a "loser" by Becker, the song's subject was meant to reflect "... a broken dream of a broken man living a broken life".  On the origin of the song's name, Fagen stated, "At the time, there had been a lineman with the Los Angeles Rams and the San Diego Chargers, Deacon Jones. We weren't serious football fans, but Deacon Jones's name was in the news a lot in the 1960s and early 70s, and we liked how it sounded. It also had two syllables, which was convenient, like 'Crimson.' The name had nothing to do with Wake Forest's Demon Deacons or any other team with a losing record. The only Deacon I was familiar with in football at the time was Deacon Jones."

Recording.

"Deacon Blues" was recorded at Village Recorders in West Los Angeles. Jazz guitarist Larry Carlton used Fagen's demos to transcribe the chords into a rhythm section that featured Carlton's guitar on the song's opening. Saxophonist Tom Scott wrote the horn arrangements for not only "Deacon Blues" but for all of the songs on "Aja", a task that he completed in less than two weeks. After the song was recorded, Becker and Fagen decided to add a saxophone solo. They asked their producer, Gary Katz, to arrange for Pete Christlieb to record the part. At the time, neither Becker nor Fagen knew Christlieb by name, only by his reputation as a musician on Johnny Carson's "Tonight Show". Christlieb went to the studio and recorded the solo after taping the show one evening. "They told me to play what I felt. Hey, I'm a jazz musician, that's what I do... so I recorded my first solo... we listened back and they said it was great. I recorded a second take and that's the one they used. I was gone in a half hour. The next thing I know I'm hearing myself in every airport bathroom in the world."

Success and legacy.

"Deacon Blues" was released on Steely Dan's 1977 album "Aja" which reached No.3 on Billboard's album chart, a position it held for seven consecutive weeks. The song was the duo's fifth Top 20 hit on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart in the US, where it peaked at #19 in 1978. "Deacon Blues" remained in the Top 40 for eight weeks. In a 1994 AOL chat interview with Becker, someone asked him about the inspiration for the song and he answered, "It was an outgrowth of a specific mood that pertained at a given time," and later added, "...I remember the night that we mixed that one thinking that it was really good and wanting to hear it over and over which is never the case."  "As midlife-crisis songs go, Steely Dan's "Deacon Blues" ranks among the most melodic and existential." – "The Wall Street Journal" "One thing we did right on "Deacon Blues" and all of our records: we never tried to accommodate the mass market. We worked for ourselves and still do." – Donald Fagen The Scottish pop/rock band Deacon Blue took their name from this song. William Gibson's book "Mona Lisa Overdrive" features a gang called the Deacon Blues.

"Deacon Blues" is a song written by Walter Becker and Donald Fagen in 1976 and recorded by their group Steely Dan on their 1977 album "Aja". It peaked at number 19 on the "Billboard" charts and number 17 on the U.S. "Cash Box" Top 100 in June 1978. It also reached #40 on the Easy Listening chart. In Canada, it peaked at #14, a position it occupied for two weeks, and #20 Adult Contemporary.

Deacon Blues ist ein Song von Donald Fagen und Walter Becker, der 1978 von der Jazz-Rockband Steely Dan interpretiert wurde. Er wurde auf dem Album Aja veröffentlicht und als zweite Single ausgekoppelt. Er erreichte Platz 19 in den Billboard-Charts.


Background.

Muhammad Qutb was the second oldest of five children born in the Upper Egyptian village of Musha near Asyut, several years younger than his elder brother Sayyid. Little is known in English sources about his upbringing and education but it is known that he lived with his famous brother, their two sisters and mother in Helwan near Cairo for several years starting in 1926. He was arrested a few days before Sayyid (on July 29, 1965) for his alleged co-leadership along with his brother in a plot to kill leading political and cultural figures in Egypt and overthrow the government. His brother died on the gallows in 1966, but Muhammad's life was spared and he, along with other members of the Muslim Brotherhood took refuge in Saudi Arabia.  There he edited and published Sayyid's books and taught as a professor of Islamic Studies at (according to different sources) either Mecca's Umm al-Qura University, and/or King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah, and that either Osama bin Laden or Ayman al-Zawahiri (al Qaeda's #2 and leading theorist), was a student. Osama bin Laden recommended "Sheikh Muhammad Qutb's" book, ""Concepts that Should be Corrected" in a 2004 videotape. According to Lawrence Wright, who interviewed Muhammad Qutb and a close friend in college of bin Laden's, Mohammed Jamal Khalifa, bin Laden "usually attended" Muhammad Qutb's weekly public lectures at King Abdul-Aziz University.  In addition to making available his brother's work, M. Qutb worked to advance his ideas by "smoothing away" differences between his brother's radical supporters and more conservative Muslims, particularly other members of the Brethren. Muhammad took a less literal interpretation of his brother's famous statement that the Muslim world and Muslim governments were "jahiliyya" (returned to pagan ignorance, and thus no longer Muslim). He denied that the country that had given him refuge (Saudi Arabia) was "jahiliyya", and in 1975 came out publicly against Takfir, or judging Muslims as unbelievers. He also worked to reconcile the doctrine of the Muslims Brothers with "the salafism that prevailed in his host country".  In 1986, Safar Al-Hawali defended his dissertation under Muhammad Qutb's supervision. "His defense was so impressive" that M. Qutb "declared in public that the student had surpassed his teacher". Al-Hawali went on to become one of the "two main figures of the sahwa" (Islamist awakening), which "mingled radical Wahhabism with Sayyid Qutb's ideas".  Muhammad was an author in his own right and his writings are widespread in the Arab world and nearly as prolific as his brother's. "Jahiliyya in the Twentieth Century" is perhaps his best-known work, and gained notoriety as an alleged terrorist handbook (along with his brother's "Milestones") when the government claimed to find the two in police searches of plotters' homes and environs.  Another very popular work, "Islam: the Misunderstood Religion," expands on his brother's ideas, describing the ways in which fundamentalist Islam is superior to the "perverted... inhuman... crazy... savage and backward" Western world.  Muhammad Qutb died at a hospital in Mecca on 4 April 2014 at the age of 95.

Muhammad Qutb, (; ; 1919 – April 4, 2014) was an Islamist author, scholar and teacher best known as the younger brother of the Egyptian Islamist thinker Sayyid Qutb. After his brother was executed by the Egyptian government, Muhammad moved to Saudi Arabia where he promoted his older brother's ideas.

Mohammed Qutb (; geb. 26. April 1919 in Muscha, Gouvernement Asyut, Ägypten; gest. 4. April 2014 in Mekka, Hedschas, Saudi-Arabien) war ein islamischer Gelehrter, Denker und Ideologe der ägyptischen Muslimbrüder. Er ist der jüngere Bruder von Sayyid Qutb, einem Vordenker der Muslimbruderschaft, für dessen Werk er sich nach dessen Hinrichtung unter der Präsidentschaft von Gamal Abdel Nasser später von Saudi-Arabien aus einsetzte.


Location.

Near the village of Agios Dimitrios, on the border with Thessaly, in 1000 to 1100 meters altitude, on a hillside. The burial site runs from northeast to southwest direction.

Excavation history.

In 1975, the relevant archaeological authority was informed that several tombs (at least 12 to 13) were destroyed when a firebrake was cut. A bronze sword was found then. Further information revealed that trade was operated with the burial objects from this site. 1985 began trial excavations, which were continued in 1986. The excavations brought to light 34 tombs, which were partly destroyed and plundered. A part of the stolen goods was later found in the storehouse of the Archaeological Museum in Dion. In 1985, some of the stone slabs that covered the tombs were stolen by unknown culprits. A part of the slope was brought to a drop by heavy snowfalls. In the years 1987 and 1988 the slope was terraced and stabilized by a wooden construction. Near the excavation site Spathes, 1987 more tombs were discovered, presumably from the same epoch. Six stone seals were recovered from them, further excavations were not held.

Necropolis.

As in this region of Greece, at the end of the Bronze Age, the deceased were usually buried in box-shaped tombs. The type of these tombs is known from southern Greece. The length of the tombs is approximately 2.40 meters, the width 1.50 meters and the depth between one and 2.50 meters. The bottom of the tombs was covered with a 10 to 20 centimeter high clay layer, the side walls were framed with stone slabs. The graves were intact except for penetrating roots and natural deposits of the building materials. The number of buried persons found in the intact tombs is 52. It is unusual that in each of the tombs several people were buried, presumably they were family tombs. They were buried next to each other, partly also upon one another; In addition to the skeletons of adults, the remains of children were also found.

Finds.

In addition to weapons and jewelry, the deceased was mainly given pottery. However, some of them were broken by the kind of burial of several people within the same tomb. The vessels were partly handmade, partly they were modeled with a potter's wheel. The most important finds were made in a tomb, in which apparently high ranking personalities were buried. Two skeletons, one male and one female, found themselves alongside rich burial gifts. Remnants of a spear, a bronze sword, painted and unpainted vases and perfume bottles, jewelry and stone seals (partly with animal motifs) were discovered. The sword is somewhat smaller, but resembles in the kind of swords found in Mycenae and Crete (Knossos, Heraklion). A bronze sword found in another tomb is of the same making as swords discovered in Athens, Crete, Kos and other locations. Recently, excavations on the southeast side of Olympus, to the west of Platamonas, have revealed an identical sword.

Among the first archaeological sites discovered in Mount Olympus was the excavation site Spathes (Greek Σπάθες, swords). It is a necropolis from the Late Bronze Age. The oldest tombs are from the 14th century BC, the last traces of the use were found from the end of the 13th century, the beginning of the 12th century BC. The settlement, associated with the necropolis, has not been found. Many of the burial offerings were made in the Mycenaean style, so that the Mycenaean cultural circle probably also (see also History and archaeology Pierias) extended over the border of Thessaly to Pieria.

Unter den ersten archäologischen Fundstellen, die im Olymp entdeckt wurden, befand sich die Ausgrabungsstätte Spathes (). Es handelt sich um eine Nekropole aus der späten Bronzezeit. Die ältesten Gräber sind aus dem 14. Jahrhundert v. Chr., letzte Spuren der Nutzung fanden Archäologen aus der Zeit Ende des 13. Jahrhunderts, Anfang des 12. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. Die der Nekropole zugehörige Siedlung wurde bisher nicht gefunden. Viele der Grabbeigaben wurden im mykenischen Stil gefertigt, so dass sich der mykenische Kulturkreis wahrscheinlich auch dort (siehe auch Geschichte und Archäologie Pierias) über die Grenze von Thessalien nach Pieria ausgedehnt hat.


Family and inheritance.

Joan was born on 2 February 1286 at Ludlow Castle in Shropshire. She was the eldest child of Sir Piers de Geneville, of Trim Castle and Ludlow, whose father Sir Geoffrey de Geneville, 1st Baron Geneville, was Justiciar of Ireland. Her mother Jeanne of Lusignan was part of one of the most illustrious French families, daughter of Hugh XII of Lusignan, Count of La Marche and of Angoulême, and sister of Yolanda of Lusignan, the "suo jure" Countess of La Marche. Joan had two younger sisters, Matilda and Beatrice who both became nuns at Aconbury Priory. She also had two half-sisters from her mother's first marriage to Bernard Ezi III, Lord of Albret: Mathe, Dame d'Albret (died 1283), and Isabelle, Dame d'Albret (died 1 December 1294), wife of Bernard VI, Count of Armagnac.  When her father died in Ireland shortly before June 1292, Joan became one of the wealthiest and most eligible heiresses in the Welsh Marches, with estates that included the town and castle of Ludlow, the lordship of Ewyas Lacy, the manors of Wolferlow, Stanton Lacy, and Mansell Lacy in Shropshire and Herefordshire as well as a sizeable portion of County Meath in Ireland. She was due to inherit these upon the death of her grandfather, but in 1308, Baron Geneville conveyed most of the Irish estates which had belonged to his late wife Maud de Lacy to Joan and her husband Roger Mortimer. They both went to Ireland where they took seisin of Meath on 28 October of that same year. The baron died on 21 October 1314 at the House of the Friars Preachers at Trim, and Joan subsequently succeeded him, becoming the "suo jure" 2nd Baroness Geneville.

Marriage.

Joan married Roger Mortimer, eldest son of Edmund Mortimer, 2nd Baron Wigmore, and Margaret de Fiennes on 20 September 1301 at the manor of Pembridge. Marriage to Joan was highly beneficial to Mortimer as it brought him much influence and prestige in addition to the rich estates he gained through their matrimonial alliance. Three years later in 1304 he succeeded as Baron Mortimer, making Joan Baroness Mortimer. He was knighted on Whitsunday 22 May 1306 by King Edward I. The knighting ceremony took place in Westminster Abbey and was known as "the Feast of the Swan" as all those present made their personal vows upon two swans. Two hundred and fifty-nine other young men received knighthoods along with Mortimer including the Prince of Wales who would shortly afterwards succeed his father as Edward II. Following the ceremony was a magnificent banquet held at the Great Hall of Westminster.  Upon taking seizen of her Irish lands in 1308, Joan and Mortimer travelled back and forth between their estates in Ireland and those in the Welsh Marches. Given that Joan opted to accompany her husband to Ireland rather than remain at home, and that she produced 12 surviving children over a period of just 17 years led Roger Mortimer's biographer Ian Mortimer to suggest they enjoyed a closer and more affectionate relationship than was typical of noble couples in the 14th-century. He described their union as having been " a mutually beneficial secure medieval partnership".

Issue.

Together Joan and Mortimer had twelve surviving children:

Mortimer's affair with Queen Isabella.

Mortimer was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland on 23 November 1316 and left for Ireland with a large force in February 1317. While there, he fought against the Scots Army led by Edward Bruce, the younger brother of Robert the Bruce (who hoped to make Edward king of Ireland), and Bruce's Norman-Irish allies, the de Lacy's. Joan accompanied her husband to Ireland. They returned to England in 1318 after Mortimer had driven the Scots north to Carrickfergus, and dispersed the de Lacys, who were Joan's relatives. For the next few years, Mortimer occupied himself with baronial disputes on the Welsh border; nevertheless, on account of the increasing influence of Hugh Despenser, the Elder, and Hugh Despenser the Younger over King Edward II, Roger Mortimer became strongly disaffected with his monarch, especially after the younger Despenser had been granted lands which rightfully belonged to Mortimer.  In October 1321 King Edward and his troops besieged Leeds Castle, after the governor's wife, Margaret de Clare, Baroness Badlesmere, refused Queen Isabella admittance and subsequently ordered her archers to fire upon Isabella and her escort after the latter attempted to gain entry to the castle. Elizabeth, the third Badlesmere daughter, was married to Joan and Mortimer's eldest son, Edmund. King Edward exploited his new popularity in the wake of his military victory at Leeds to recall to England the Despensers, whom the Lords Ordainers, led by Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster, had forced him to banish in August 1321. The Marcher lords, already in a state of insurrection for some time prior to the Despensers' banishment, immediately rose up against the King in full force, with Mortimer leading the confederation alongside Ordainer Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford. The King quelled the rebellion, which is also known as the Despenser War; Mortimer and his uncle Roger Mortimer de Chirk both surrendered to him at Shrewsbury on 22 January 1322. Mortimer and his uncle were dispatched as prisoners to the Tower of London, where they were kept in damp, unhealthy quarters. This was likely a factor in Roger Mortimer de Chirk's death in 1326. Joan's husband had fared better; by drugging the constable and the Tower guards, he managed to escape to France on 1 August 1323. It was there that he later became the lover of Queen Isabella, who was estranged from the King as a result of the Despensers' absolute control over him. She had been sent to France on a peace mission by Edward but used the occasion to seek help from her brother, Charles IV to oust the Despensers. The scandal of their love affair forced them to leave the French court for Flanders, where they obtained help for an invasion of England.

Joan's imprisonment.

While the couple were still in France, King Edward had retaliated against Mortimer by taking Joan and all of their children into custody, and "treating them with severity". In April 1324 Joan was removed from Hampshire where she had been confined in a lodging under house arrest and sent to Skipton Castle in Yorkshire; there she was imprisoned in a cell and endured considerable suffering and hardship. Most of her household had been dismissed and she was permitted a small number of attendants to serve her. She was granted just one mark per day for her necessities, and out of this sum she had to feed her servants. She was additionally allowed ten marks "per annum" at Easter and Michaelmas for new clothes. Her daughters suffered worse privations having been locked up inside various religious houses with even less money at their disposal. Joan was transferred from Skipton to Pontefract Castle in July 1326.

Countess of March.

Mortimer and Isabella landed in England two months later in September 1326, and they joined forces with Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster. On 16 November, King Edward was taken prisoner and eventually murdered at Berkeley Castle, presumably by Mortimer's hired assassins. From 1327 to 1330, Mortimer and Isabella jointly held the Office of Regent for her son, King Edward III who was duly crowned following his father's death. Mortimer was made constable of Wallingford Castle; in September 1328, Mortimer was created Earl of March. This made Joan henceforth, the Countess of March; although it is not known what she thought about her husband's illegal assumption of power and flagrant affair with the Queen. What has been established is that Joan was never an active participant in her husband's insurrection against King Edward.  Mortimer and Queen Isabella were the "de facto" rulers of England. Hostility against the power Mortimer wielded over the kingdom and the young King Edward III, increased; his former friend Henry of Lancaster encouraged the King to assert his authority to oust Mortimer. When Mortimer ordered the execution of Edmund, Earl of Kent, half-brother of the late King Edward, anger and outrage engulfed the country. The King deposed his mother and her lover; Roger Mortimer was seized, arrested, and on 29 November 1330, hanged at Tyburn, London.  Following her husband's execution, Joan – as the wife of a traitor – was imprisoned again, this time in Hampshire where years before she had been placed under house arrest; her children were also taken into custody. In 1331, she was given an allowance for household expenses; however, her lands were only restored to her in 1336 after King Edward III granted her a full pardon for her late husband's crimes. In 1347 she received back the Liberty of Trim.

Death.

Joan de Geneville, Baroness Geneville, the widowed Countess of March, died on 19 October 1356 at the age of seventy. She was buried in Wigmore Abbey beside her husband, whose body had been returned to her by Edward III as she had requested. Her tomb no longer exists as the abbey was destroyed during the Dissolution of the Monasteries and only the ruins remain to this day.  Lady Geneville's numerous direct descendants include the current British Royal Family, Sir Winston Churchill, and the 1st American President George Washington.

In fiction.

Joan is a supporting character in "Les Rois maudits" ("The Accursed Kings"), a series of French historical novels by Maurice Druon. She was portrayed by Valérie Lang in the 2005 French miniseries adaptation of the series.  Joan is portrayed as the main protagonist in ("Joan: forgotten Women of history book one") by Anne R. Bailey.

Joan de Geneville, 2nd Baroness Geneville, Countess of March, Baroness Mortimer (2 February 1286 – 19 October 1356), also known as Jeanne de Joinville, was the daughter of Sir Piers de Geneville and Joan of Lusignan. She inherited the estates of her grandparents, Geoffrey de Geneville, 1st Baron Geneville, and Maud de Lacy, Baroness Geneville. She was one of the wealthiest heiresses in the Welsh Marches and County Meath, Ireland. She was the wife of Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March, the de facto ruler of England from 1327 to 1330. She succeeded as suo jure 2nd Baroness Geneville on 21 October 1314 upon the death of her grandfather, Geoffrey de Geneville.

Joan de Geneville (auch "Joinville"; verheiratet "Joan de Mortimer, Countess of March") (* 2. Februar 1286; † 19. Oktober 1356) war eine englische Adlige.


Early life.

Wall was born in Mexborough in Yorkshire, the son of George William Wall, a passenger guard on the Great Central Railway, and Maria Ellen (née Moffatt) Wall. After Mexborough School, he studied English at Jesus College, Cambridge and received first-class honors. He also studied Arabic and took the Consular Service Examination.  Wall married Eleanor Alexander Riesle on 20 January 1950 and they had one daughter. Wall and his wife were separated legally during 1971.

Diplomatic service.

He chose a diplomatic career in the Near East because "[James Elroy] Flecker, whose poetry I had loved in my school days, had been in the Levant Consular Service", and owing to "a liking for travel and oriental philology". During 1933, Wall was posted initially as Probationer Vice-Consul at Beirut, Lebanon. Subsequently, he was stationed at Jeddah in Saudi Arabia, Tabriz and Esfahan in Iran, and Casablanca in Morocco. After WWII, he was Counsellor at the British Middle East Office in Cairo until 1952. He was British Ambassador to Paraguay 1957-8 and Consul-General at Alexandria 1963-5. He was honoured in 1953 as a Companion of the Order of St Michael & St George for his diplomatic work.  Wall continued to work for the Foreign Office, at first in a teaching position in London, 1966–1970, and then at the Government Communications Headquarters, a secret surveillance centre, in Cheltenham. Wall retired from the Foreign Office during 1977, and retired to Monmouthshire.

Literary works.

Sarban's most famous literary work is the alternative-history novel "The Sound of His Horn" (1952), which presupposes that the Nazis have won the Second World War and built parks where they hunt genetically altered humans for sport. Sarban also published two collections of fantasy stories: "Ringstones and Other Curious Tales" (1951) and "The Doll Maker and Other Tales of the Uncanny" (1953).  "The Sacrifice and Other Stories" (2002) collects four novellas, two of which, the title story and "The Sea-Things", appeared in print for the first time, while "Number Fourteen" had been published in a later edition of "Ringstones", and "The King of the Lake" had been added to a later edition of "The Sound of His Horn".  Further previously unpublished work, including poems, a one-act play, extracts from two novels and unpublished stories, has been collected in "Discovery of Heretics" (2010).

John William Wall (6 November 1910 – 11 April 1989), pen name Sarban, was a British writer and diplomat. Wall's diplomatic career lasted more than thirty years, but his writing career as Sarban was brief and not prolific, ending during the early 1950s. Sarban is described in "The Encyclopedia of Fantasy" as "a subtle, literate teller of tales, conscious of the darker and less acceptable implications that underlie much popular literature". Wall cited the supernatural fiction of Arthur Machen and Walter de la Mare as influences on his work.

John William Wall (als Autor bekannt unter dem Pseudonym Sarban; geboren am 6. November 1910 in Mexborough, Yorkshire; gestorben am 11. April 1989 in Pen-Y-Fan, Monmouthshire) war ein britischer Autor phantastischer Erzählungen und Diplomat. Sein bekanntestes Buch ist der Roman "Hörnerschall" ("The Sound of His Horn", 1952).


Description.

Adults average 50 cm (20 inches) in total length (body + tail), with a maximum total length of. The tail is relatively long. The body is relatively slender, with 25-36 midbody rows of dorsal scales. These are heavily keeled, with the keels ending in a swelling at the end of each scale.  Adults have a uniform light green ground color, overlaid with a series of faint yellow, roughly paired spots running dorsally along the length of the body and about 2.5 cm (about 1 in) apart. The belly is pale green in color. Newborns are tan-brown in color, but this changes to a yellow-green hue with irregular dark spots within 24 hours. This second color phase has been described as the reverse of that of the adults and is only seen in individuals less than in total length.

Common names.

Western bush viper, West African leaf viper, West African tree viper.

Geographic range.

West Africa including Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, isolated locations in Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon.  The type locality is listed as ""Boutre, Ghana"".

Habitat.

Found in forests, in dense foliage about 1–2 m (about 3–6 ft) above the ground.

Feeding.

Said to feed on rodents, lizards and tree frogs.

Reproduction.

Gives birth to 6-9 young in March to April. Newborns are 131–151 mm (about 5-6 inches) in total length.

Atheris chlorechis is a venomous viper species found only in the forests of West Africa. No subspecies are currently recognized.

Die Westliche Buschviper ("Atheris chlorechis") ist eine Vipernart aus der Unterfamilie der Echten Vipern und zählt zur Gattung der Buschvipern ("Atheris").


Early life.

Adams was born on 26 September 1988, in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. He attended Berwick Secondary College, where he graduated in 2006.

Professional wrestling career.

Early career (2007–2013).

Adams made his debut on 8 September 2007 as Matt Silva, at Professional Championship Wrestling (PCW), where he teamed with Jacko Lantern to defeat Adam Brooks and Diaz. He won the PCW State Championship by defeating Danny Psycho on 3 December 2010. He was also a mainstay in Melbourne City Wrestling (MCW), where he won the MCW Heavyweight Championship by defeating Slex on 28 January 2012. He held the championship for 293 days.

WWE.

NXT (2013–2018).

On 17 March 2013, Adams signed a development contract with WWE and was assigned to their developmental territory NXT. On 23 November, he debuted as Buddy Murphy at an NXT house show, teaming with Sawyer Fulton and Troy McClain against Angelo Dawkins, Colin Cassady, and Wesley Blake. On 15 May 2014 episode of "NXT", he teamed with Elias Samson in a losing effort against The Ascension.  In August 2014, Murphy formed a tag team with Wesley Blake. On 14 August episode of "NXT", they were defeated in the first round of a number one contender tag team tournament by The Lucha Dragons (Kalisto and Sin Cara). For the rest of 2014, they lost multiple matches to The Lucha Dragons and The Vaudevillains (Aiden English and Simon Gotch). Also in October 2014, they lost a number one contender tag team battle royal, being eliminated by The Ascension.  On 21 January 2015 episode of "NXT", Blake and Murphy defeated The Vaudevillains and quickly challenged The Lucha Dragons to a title match. On 28 January episode of "NXT", Blake and Murphy defeated the champions to win the NXT Tag Team Championship, making Murphy the first Australian to hold a championship in WWE. At, Blake and Murphy, now billed simply by their surnames, defeated the Lucha Dragons in a rematch for the title. Following that in March, Blake and Murphy began a feud with Enzo Amore and Colin Cassady, who were intent on capturing the tag titles. Blake and Murphy attempted to woo Carmella on several occasions. On 13 May episode of "NXT", Blake and Murphy distracted Carmella during her match with Alexa Bliss, causing her to lose. At, during Amore and Cassady's NXT Tag Team Championship match against Blake and Murphy, Alexa Bliss came out mid-match and attacked Carmella and Amore, ensuring the win for Blake and Murphy. After making several successful title defences, Blake and Murphy lost the championships to the Vaudevillians at, ending their reign at 219 days.  On 18 May 2016 episode of "NXT", after losing to Austin Aries and Shinsuke Nakamura, Bliss and then Blake walked away from Murphy, teasing a split for the team. On 1 June episode of "NXT", his ring name was reverted to Buddy Murphy, where he was defeated by Tye Dillinger. On 15 June episode of "NXT", Blake and Murphy reunited, but after a miscommunication between the two, they were defeated by TM-61 (Nick Miller and Shane Thorne). The following week, Murphy announced himself as a singles competitor by interrupting Shinsuke Nakamura, leading to a match with Nakamura, which Murphy lost. On 4 January 2017 episode of "NXT", Murphy teamed with Tye Dillinger to defeat Bobby Roode and Elias Samson, and this turned out to be Murphy's last televised appearance in NXT, before being called up to main roster.

Cruiserweight Champion (2018–2019).

In early 2018, Murphy lost about 25 pounds and asked to compete on the 205 Live brand. On the 20 February episode of "205 Live", he made his debut as a participant in the Cruiserweight Championship tournament, defeating Ariya Daivari in the first round but lost to Mustafa Ali in the quarterfinals. On the 27 March episode of "205 Live", Murphy defeated TJP, Akira Tozawa, Kalisto in a fatal four-way match for a future shot at the Cruiserweight Championship. On the 10 April episode of "205 Live", Murphy attacked new WWE Cruiserweight Champion Cedric Alexander from behind, starting a feud between the two. However, Murphy failed his mandatory weigh-in and was removed from the match and the "205 Live" roster until he met the weight requirement. On the 8 May episode of "205 Live", Murphy defeated Ali in a rematch from their Cruiserweight Championship tournament quarterfinal match.  He started a storyline where he had to lose weight, challenging Alexander for the title on the 29 May episode of "205 Live", where he failed to win the title. The following week, he had a match with Mustafa Ali that ended in a no-contest after both men were attacked by Hideo Itami, who won a triple threat match against both men the following week. On the 3 July episode of "205 Live", he lost to Ali in a No Disqualification match. He then went on to form a tag team with Tony Nese and they would subsequently feud with Lucha House Party (Gran Metalik, Lince Dorado and Kalisto). On 6 October at Super Show-Down in his hometown of Melbourne, Murphy defeated Alexander to win the Cruiserweight Championship, his first singles title in WWE, the first Australian man to accomplish this feat. Murphy subsequently retained the title against Mustafa Ali at Survivor Series and Alexander at, respectively.  On 27 January 2019, Murphy successfully defended his title in a fatal four-way match against Akira Tozawa, Kalisto and Hideo Itami at the Royal Rumble Kickoff Show after pinning Itami. On 17 February, Murphy retained his title against Tozawa at Elimination Chamber. At the WrestleMania 35 Kickoff Show, he lost his title to former partner Tony Nese, ending his reign at 183 days. Prior to this loss, Murphy had been undefeated in televised singles matches dating back to July 2018. On the 9 April episode of "205 Live", Murphy was again defeated by Nese in a rematch for the WWE Cruiserweight Championship.

Brand switches (2019–2020).

On 16 April, Murphy was drafted to the SmackDown brand as part of the Superstar Shake-up. He participated in the 51-Man Battle Royal at Super ShowDown, but was unsuccessful. On the 30 July episode of "SmackDown", a stack of scaffolding fell onto Roman Reigns backstage. Murphy was shown in the background of the event. The following week, Reigns confronted Murphy about his involvement in the event. After being physically intimidated by Reigns, Murphy revealed that Rowan was Reigns' mystery attacker. At SummerSlam, Murphy defeated Apollo Crews by disqualification, after Rowan attacked him mid-match. Two nights later on "SmackDown", Murphy made his in-ring debut for SmackDown, losing to Reigns. The following week, Murphy defeated Daniel Bryan in an upset victory. On 19 August, Murphy was announced as one of sixteen competitors in the King of the Ring tournament. Murphy faced Ali in the first round on 27 August episode of "SmackDown Live", where he was eliminated.  On 14 October, Murphy was drafted to the Raw brand as part of the 2019 draft. In his debut match on the brand, Murphy defeated Cedric Alexander. Over the following weeks, Murphy would develop a winning streak, defeating the likes of R-Truth, Cedric Alexander, Akira Tozawa, Matt Hardy, and Zack Ryder. He entered in a 20-man battle royal at Crown Jewel on 31 October to determine who would face AJ Styles for the United States Championship later in the night, but he failed to win.  Murphy engaged in a feud with Aleister Black towards the end of 2019. However, he lost to Black at both and the 30 December episode of "Raw".

Seth Rollins' disciple (2020–present).

On the 13 January 2020 episode of "Raw", Murphy lost to Aleister Black, ending their feud. He sat at ring side in distress throughout the remainder of the show. During the main event, Murphy aligned with "Monday Night Messiah" Seth Rollins and AOP, allowing them to defeat Big Show, Samoa Joe and Kevin Owens and joining in their stable as a disciple. The following week on "Raw", Murphy and Rollins defeated The Viking Raiders (Erik and Ivar) to win the WWE Raw Tag Team Championship. On 7 February, his ring name was shortened back to simply "Murphy". Murphy and Rollins successfully defended their titles against The Street Profits at Super ShowDown on 27 February, but eventually lost the titles to them in a rematch on 2 March episode of "Raw". Their reign ended at 42 days. Murphy and Rollins failed to reclaim the championship from the team at Elimination Chamber six days later.  On the 20 April episode of "Raw", Murphy lost to Rey Mysterio in a Money in the Bank ladder match qualifier. The following week, Murphy saved Rollins' from an attack by Drew McIntyre. However, McIntyre laid him out with a "Claymore". The two had a match were McIntyre defeated Murphy. Some weeks later on "Raw", Rollins savagely attacked Rey Mysterio in a tag team match, where he and Aleister Black battled Rollins and Murphy, and won by DQ when Rollins pulled Mysterio off of the ring apron. In the midst of the post match assault, Mysterio's eye was severely injured in storyline when Rollins forced his face onto the steel steps. After this event Murphy restarted his rivalry with Black. On the May 18 episode of Raw, during a match with Black, Austin Theory joined Rollins' group as a disciple, helping Murphy to attack Black.

Other media.

Murphy made his video game debut along with his tag team partner Wesley Blake in "WWE 2K16" as downloadable content, and appeared in "WWE 2K17". On 31 August 2019, a video was released showing Murphy’s singles entrance for "WWE 2K20", confirming his appearance for the first time in three games. Adams appeared on an episode of the reality show "Total Divas" in January 2018.

Personal life.

Adams was engaged to fellow professional wrestler Alexis Kaufman, better known by the ring name Alexa Bliss. It was reported that the two ended their engagement in September 2018.  He has a background that includes bungee jumping, rock climbing, and swimming with great whales.

Matthew Adams (born 26 September 1988) is an Australian professional wrestler currently signed to WWE, where he performs on the Raw brand under the ring name Murphy (shortened from his previous ring name Buddy Murphy).

Matthew Adams (* 26. September 1988 in Melbourne, Australien) ist ein australischer Wrestler, der aktuell bei "World Wrestling Entertainment" (WWE) unter Vertrag steht und regelmäßig in deren wöchentlicher Show Raw unter dem Ringnamen Buddy Murphy auftritt. Seine bisher größten Erfolge waren der Gewinn der NXT Tag Team Championship, WWE Cruiserweight Championship sowie der WWE Raw Tag Team Championship.


Life and career.

Kuznetsov was born to a working-class family in Ust-Usolka, Perm Governorate. In April 1915 he was drafted into the Imperial Russian Army, taking part in World War I. In March 1916 he completed officer training in Kazan, attaining the rank of a Podporuchik in July.  In August 1918, after the October Revolution, he joined the Red Army, serving in the Russian Civil War first as a company commander and later as a deputy regimental commander. In October 1923 he was appointed commander of 89th Rifle Regiment.  He joined the Communist Party in 1928. During 1929 he undertook advanced officers' training, and he graduated from the Frunze Academy in 1936. In October 1936 he became the 99th Rifle Division's commander. In July 1937, he was transferred to head the 16th Rifle Corps.  During September 1939, Komkor Kuznetsov participated in the Invasion of Poland as chief of the Vitebsk and Polotsk Army Groups. On 4 June 1940, with the introduction of new ranks, he became a lieutenant general.

The Great Patriotic War.

On 22 June 1941, Kuznetsov's 3rd Army was stationed in Belarus, as part of the Western Front. It was overwhelmed and surrounded by German forces. In July, he and the remains of his formation broke out and returned to the Soviet lines. This feat earned him praise from Stalin when he issued Order No. 270. In late August, he was sent to command the Southwestern Front's 21st Army, but his force suffered crushing defeat once more in the Battle of Kiev. On October, he was appointed to command the Kharkov Military District, but reassigned to head the 1st Shock Army on 23 November, with which he took part in the Battle of Moscow. His units liberated Klin and Solnechnogorsk.  In February 1942, the Army relocated to the north, taking part in the Demyansk operation. On July, Kuzentsov was given command of the 63rd Army, positioned near Stalingrad. The formation was renamed 1st Guards Army on November. For his conduct in the campaign, Kuznetsov was awarded the Order of Suvorov 1st Class. On 25 March 1943 he was promoted to the rank of Colonel General. The 1st Guards later took part in the battles for the Donbass region and in the Dniepr crossing. On 15 December, Kuznetsov was appointed Bagramyan's deputy in the 1st Baltic Front. In this capacity he participated in the campaigns for Belarus, the Baltics and East Prussia. The Front was disbanded on late February 1945, and Kuznetsov assumed command over the 1st Belorussian's 3rd Shock Army on 16 March. The Army was involved in the urban fighting inside Berlin; On 30 April, one of its formations, the 150th Rifle Division, stormed the Reichstag. Its soldiers hoisted the Victory Banner atop of the building.

Post-war career.

On 29 May 1945, Kuznetsov was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union (Medal no. 6460) for his performance. After the war, he remained the 3rd Army's commander in Germany for a while, then attended the Voroshilov Academy, graduating in 1948. He served as chairman of the Voluntary Society for Cooperation with the Army and later of DOSAAF. From 1953 to 1957, he headed the Volga Military District. Until his retirement in 1960, he served in the Ministry of Defense. Kuznetsov was a deputy in the 2nd and 4th Convocations of the Supreme Soviet. He died in Moscow in 1964.

Vasily Ivanovich Kuznetsov (Russian: "Василий Иванович Кузнецов"; - 20 June 1964) was a Soviet general and a Hero of the Soviet Union.

Wassili Iwanowitsch Kusnezow (; * im Dorf Ust-Usolka, Solikamsk im Gouvernement Perm; † 20. Juni 1964 in Moskau) war im Zweiten Weltkrieg ein sowjetischer Generaloberst und mehrfacher Armeeführer der Roten Armee.


Early life and education.

Spencer was born into a military family at Offutt Air Force Base in Nebraska. The family moved to Moody Air Force Base in Valdosta, Georgia, in 1978 and to Alapaha, Georgia, a year later. Spencer graduated from Berrien High School in 1993.  He attended Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College before transferring to Alabama State University, a historically black college (HBCU), on a full athletic scholarship for tennis. He transferred again to the University of Georgia, from which he graduated in 1997 with a degree in exercise & sport science.  Spencer studied and trained as a physician assistant, receiving a second bachelor's degree from South University in Savannah and a master's degree in physician assistant studies from the University of Nebraska Medical Center in 2005.

Political career.

Electoral history.

An active member of the Tea Party movement in coastal Georgia, Spencer was first elected to the Georgia House of Representatives in 2010 after defeating incumbent Cecily Hill in a primary runoff. His district centers on Woodbine in southeastern Georgia. He was reelected in 2012, 2014, and 2016.

Legislative mentions.

Spencer served on the following committees in the Georgia State House: Science and Technology; Games, Fish and Parks; Juvenile Justice; Human Aging and Relations, and served as the Secretary to the House Special Rules Committee. He voted for legislation that relaxed “live-aboard” boating restrictions and legalized home brew beer competitions in Georgia.  Spencer served as an advocate for survivors of child sexual abuse, introducing and gaining passage in 2015 of a landmark civil statute of limitations (SOL) reform legislation, known as the Georgia Hidden Predator Act (HB 17, 2015). This legislation removed or extended the civil SOL so survivors can gain justice and expose the identities of hidden pedophiles in the state of Georgia. The Hidden Predator Act was instrumental in leading to the unraveling of one of the largest sex scandals in U.S. sports history: the exposure of Dr. Larry Nassar, who was later convicted of serial child molestation committed while serving the USA Gymnastics organization. Rep. Spencer received Voice Today's "Voice of Gratitude Award" for his efforts authoring the legislation.  In 2018, Spencer attempted to amend this 2015 law to strengthen it and provide more time for survivors to file cases, but the bill was weakened by lobbying efforts from the Atlanta Archdiocese of the Catholic Church, the Boy Scouts of America, and other powerful interest groups. It narrowly failed to pass on the last day of the 2018 legislative session.  In 2017, Spencer introduced and passed legislation, known as the Georgia Space Flight Act (House Bill 1, 2017), to attract the commercial space industry to Georgia as part of an ongoing effort to establish the state's first commercial spaceport.

Issues during tenure.

Spencer was one of the strongest opponents in the Georgia House to President Barack Obama's administration's Affordable Care Act (ACA). He authored legislation that effectively blocked Medicaid expansion in Georgia, although the federal government would have covered most of the costs of extending health care to needy constituents. Spencer also blocked the establishment of the state's insurance marketplace, and forced the University of Georgia to terminate its "Obamacare" Navigator program under the Act. In 2014, Spencer introduced legislation to block the state from "using of its resources to implement any portions of the health care law." When this legislation was tabled by Senate Majority Whip Cecil Station (R-Macon) and other opponents in committee, Spencer issued a press release blaming fellow Republicans for an "eleventh hour betrayal" and likening them to "Benedict Arnolds, the King George the Third and his myrmidons."  In 2016, after facing bipartisan opposition, Spencer withdrew a bill that was perceived to have banned Muslim women from wearing religious garments such as burqas or niqābs in driver's license photographs or while driving cars. The legislation aimed to amend an existing 1951 Georgia law intended to prohibit members of the Ku Klux Klan from wearing masks and hoods; it had been constitutionally upheld by the Georgia Supreme Court in "State v Miller", 1990] to unmask members of the group. Many, including the Council on American–Islamic Relations (CAIR) and American Civil Liberties Union, accused Spencer of Islamophobia.  Spencer accused a constituent of treason and supporting terrorism for donating $10 to CAIR Georgia in response to his bill. Spencer supported his charge of potential treason in a letter written to his constituent stating that the Council on American–Islamic Relations (CAIR) was designated as a terrorist organization by the United Arab Emirates due to the organization's alleged ties to Hamas, an organization which has been designated a terrorist organization by the U.S. Department of State. In addition, Spencer stated that CAIR was named by the U.S. Justice Department as an unindicted co-conspirator in the largest terrorism funding trials in U.S. history, known as "United States v Holy Land Foundation, et. al.", claims which CAIR has rejected. As a result of the backlash of submitting this legislation, Spencer said he had received death threats.  In 2017, Spencer attracted controversy in the debate over the removal of Confederate monuments and memorials. In a Facebook post, he issued a warning to LaDawn Jones, an African American attorney, former Georgia House colleague and current State Director for Bernie Sanders' Presidential Campaign, that she might "go missing in the Okefenokee," a swamp in southern Georgia (and partly in Spencer's district), if she followed through on her intentions to bring advocates to southern Georgia to remove Confederate monuments.

Primary defeat.

In May 2018, Spencer was defeated in the Republican primary by a primary challenger, 24-year-old political newcomer Steven Sainz. A local party leader attributed Spencer's loss in part to his "antics" in office. Spencer said "if he rubbed anyone the wrong way," he was doing so by standing up to powerful special interest representing the plight of "little guy." “My tactics won against them and that is one of the reasons why I stayed in office for eight years, because I effectively beat them at their own game,” said Spencer to the "Brunswick News." In a radio interview with WGIG 1440 AM, Rep. Jason Spencer said that he had often been a target of individuals on the ideological left and establishment politicians for introducing legislation that challenged powerful special interests. He believed such opponents blocked a bill in 2018 to strengthen a law extending civil justice to survivors of child sexual abuse.

TV appearance.

Spencer was featured on the July 22, 2018, episode of Sacha Baron Cohen's show "Who Is America?". At the urging of Baron Cohen, who posed as an Israeli counter-terrorism expert, Spencer exposed his bare buttocks, imitated a Chinese tourist using racial stereotypes, used a selfie stick to take an upskirt picture under a woman's burqa, and repeatedly yelled "nigger". Georgia House Speaker David Ralston urged Spencer to resign, saying that he had "disgraced himself." Governor Nathan Deal tweeted that Spencer's actions were "appalling and offensive." Spencer apologized for what he described as "this ridiculously ugly episode" but initially refused to step down, saying that the show's producers had exploited him "for profit and notoriety." He said that Baron Cohen and his crew had falsely promised that Spencer would be able to review and have final approval over any footage used. Spencer later announced his resignation on July 24, effective as of July 31.

Personal life.

Spencer lives with his wife and their two daughters in Woodbine. They are members of the Harbor Worship Center, a Christian church in Kingsland, Georgia.

Jason Chauncey Spencer (born November 14, 1974) is an American physician assistant and politician. He was elected as a Republican to the Georgia House of Representatives in 2010, representing district 180, and serving into July 2018. He was defeated by Steven Sainz in the May 2018 Republican primary for Georgia House of Representatives District 180.

Jason Chauncey Spencer (* 14. November 1974 im Sarpy County, Nebraska) ist ein US-amerikanischer Politiker der Republikanischen Partei. Von 2011 bis 2018 gehörte er dem Repräsentantenhaus von Georgia an.


Plot.

In 1962 New York City, bouncer Tony Lip searches for new employment after the nightclub he works at, Copacabana, is closed for renovations. He is invited to an interview with Dr. Don Shirley, a black pianist in need of a driver for his eight-week concert tour through the Midwest and Deep South. Don hires Tony on the strength of his references. They embark with plans to return to New York City on Christmas Eve. Don's record label gives Tony a copy of the "Green Book", a guide for African-American travelers to find motels, restaurants, and filling stations that would serve them.  They begin the tour in the Midwest before eventually heading farther south. Tony and Don initially clash as Tony feels uncomfortable being asked to act with more refinement, while Don is disgusted by Tony's habits. As the tour progresses, Tony is impressed with Don's talent on the piano, and is increasingly appalled by the discriminatory treatment which Don receives from his hosts and the general public when he is not on stage. A group of white men beat Don and threaten his life in a bar and Tony rescues him. He instructs Don not to go out without him for the rest of the tour.  Throughout the journey, Don helps Tony write letters to his wife, which deeply move her. Tony encourages Don to get in touch with his own estranged brother, but Don is hesitant, observing that he has become isolated by his professional life and achievements. In the south, Don is found in a gay encounter with a white man at a pool, and Tony bribes the officers to prevent the musician's arrest. Later, the two are arrested after a police officer pulls them over late at night in a sundown town; Tony punches the officer after being insulted. While they are incarcerated, Don asks to call his lawyer and uses the opportunity to reach Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, who pressures the governor to release them.  On the night of the final performance on tour in Birmingham, Alabama, Don is refused entry into the whites-only dining room of the country club where he has been hired to perform. Tony threatens the owner, and Don refuses to play since they refuse to serve him in the room with his audience. Tony and Don have dinner at a predominantly black blues club where Don rouses the crowd with his music. Tony and Don head back north to try to make it home by Christmas Eve. Tony invites Don to have dinner with his family, but he declines and returns to his own home. Sitting alone in his home, Don decides to go back to Tony's home, where he is warmly greeted.  The end title cards show real life photos of the characters and state that Don continued to tour, compose and record songs, while Tony went back to his work at Copacabana. It also states that Tony and Don remained friends until they died, within months of each other, in 2013.

Cast.

In addition, Tony and Dolores Vallelonga's son, Frank Jr., appears as his own uncle, Rudy (Rodolfo) Vallelonga (who says, "I'm just saying, we're an arty family"), while their younger son (and the film's co-producer and co-screenwriter), Nick, appears as Augie, the Mafioso who offers Tony a job doing "things" while the Copacabana is under renovation. The real Rodolfo Vallelonga appears as his own father, Grandpa Nicola Vallelonga, while the real Louis Venere appears as his own father, Grandpa Anthony Venere. Another co-producer and co-screenwriter, Brian Currie, plays the Maryland State Trooper who helps out in the snow storm.

Production.

Viggo Mortensen began negotiations to star in the film in May 2017 and was required to gain 40–50 pounds (18–23 kg) for the role. Peter Farrelly was set to direct from a screenplay written by Nick Vallelonga (Tony Lip's son), Brian Currie, and himself.  On November 30, 2017, the lead cast was set with Mortensen, Mahershala Ali, Linda Cardellini and Iqbal Theba confirmed to star. Production began that week in New Orleans. Sebastian Maniscalco was announced as part of the cast in January 2018. Score composer Kris Bowers also taught Ali basic piano skills and was the talent stand-in when closeups of hands playing were required.

Writing.

The script was written by Vallelonga's son Nick Vallelonga, as well as Brian Hayes Currie and Peter Farrelly, in consultation with the Shirley family and estate.

Music.

For the film's soundtrack, Farrelly incorporated an original score by composer Kris Bowers and one of Shirley's own recordings. The soundtrack also includes rarities from 1950s and 1960s American music recommended to him by singer Robert Plant, who was dating a friend of Farrelly's wife at the time he had finished the film's script. During dinner on a double date, his wife and her friend stepped outside to smoke and the director asked Plant for advice on picking songs for the film that would be relatively unknown to contemporary audiences. This prompted Plant to play Farrelly songs via YouTube, including Sonny Boy Williamson II's "Pretty 'Lil Thing" and Robert Mosley's "Goodbye, My Lover, Goodbye."  In an interview with "Forbes", the director explained that the soundtrack ended up not only avoiding rote nostalgia, "but also those songs were really inexpensive and I did not have a huge budget so I was able to come up with some sensational pop songs from the time that were long forgotten." The music played at the black blues club toward the end of the film featured the piano performance of "Étude Op. 25, No. 11 (Chopin)", known as the Winter Wind etude by Chopin, was not included in the soundtrack release.  A soundtrack album was released on November 30, 2018, by Milan Records, featuring Bowers' score, songs from the plot's era, and a piano recording by Shirley. According to the label, it was streamed approximately 10,000 times per day during January 2019. This rate doubled the next month as the album surpassed one million streams worldwide and became the highest-streamed jazz soundtrack in Milan's history.

Release.

"Green Book" began a limited release in the United States, in 20 cities, on November 16, 2018, and expanded wide on November 21, 2018. The film was previously scheduled to begin its release on the 21st. The studio spent an estimated $37.5 million on prints and advertisements for the film.  The film had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 11, 2018. It also opened the 29th New Orleans Film Festival on October 17, 2018, screened at AFI Fest on November 9, 2018 and was programmed as the surprise film at the BFI London Film Festival.  On November 7, 2018, during a promotional panel discussion, Mortensen said the word "nigger". He prefaced the sentence with, "I don't like saying this word", and went on to compare dialogue "that's no longer common in conversation" to the period in which the film is set. Mortensen apologized the next day, saying that "my intention was to speak strongly against racism" and that he was "very sorry that I did use the full word last night, and will not utter it again".

Home video.

Home video for "Green Book" was released on DVD and Blu-ray on March 12, 2019. The film was made available for purchase on streaming video in Digital HD from Amazon Video and iTunes on February 19, 2019.

Reception.

Box office.

"Green Book" grossed $85.1 million in the United States and Canada, and $244.6 million in other territories, for a total worldwide gross of $329.7 million, against a production budget of $23 million. "Deadline Hollywood" calculated the net profit of the film to be $106 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues.  The film made $312,000 from 25 theaters in its opening weekend, an average of $12,480 per venue, which "Deadline Hollywood" called "not good at all", although "TheWrap" said it was a "successful start," and noted strong word-of-mouth would likely help it going into its wide release. The film had its wide expansion alongside the openings of "Ralph Breaks the Internet", "Robin Hood" and "Creed II", and was projected to gross around $7–9 million over the five-day weekend, November 21 to 25. It made $908,000 on its first day of wide release and $1 million on its second. It grossed $5.4 million over the three-day weekend (and $7.4 million over the five), finishing ninth. "Deadline" wrote that the opening was "far from where [it needed] to be to be considered a success," and that strong audience word of mouth and impending award nominations would be needed in order to help the film develop box office legs. Rival studios argued that Universal went too wide too fast: from 25 theaters to 1,063 in less than a week.  In its second weekend the film made $3.9 million, falling just 29% and leading some industry insiders to think achieve $50 million during awards season. In its third weekend of wide release, following its Golden Globe nominations, it dropped 0% and again made $3.9 million, then made $2.8 million the following weekend. In its eighth weekend, the film made $1.8 million (continuing to hold well, dropping just 3% from the previous week). It then made $2.1 million in its ninth weekend (up 18%) and $2.1 million in its 10th. In the film's 11th week of release, following the announcement of its five Oscar nominations, it was added to 1,518 theaters (for a total of 2,430) and made $5.4 million, an increase of 150% from the previous weekend and finishing sixth at the box office. The weekend following its Best Picture win, the film was added to 1,388 theaters (for a total of 2,641) and made $4.7 million, finishing fifth at the box office. It marked a 121% increase from the previous week, as well as one of the best post-Best Picture win bumps ever, and largest since "The King's Speech" in 2011.  "Green Book" was a surprise success overseas, especially in China where it debuted to a much higher-than-expected $17.3 million, immediately becoming the second highest-grossing Best Picture winner in the country behind "Titanic" (1997). As of March 7, 2019, the largest international markets for the film were China ($26.7 million), France ($10.7 million), the United Kingdom ($10 million), Australia ($7.8 million) and Italy ($8.6 million). By March 13, China's total had grown to $44.5 million. On March 31 the film passed $300 million at the global box office, including $219 million from overseas territories. Its largest markets to-date were China ($70.7 million), Japan ($14.6 million), France ($14 million) Germany ($13.5 million) and the UK ($12.9 million).

Critical response.

On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 78% based on 341 reviews, with an average rating of 7.25/10. The website's critical consensus reads: ""Green Book" takes audiences on a surprisingly smooth ride through potentially bumpy subject matter, fueled by Peter Farrelly's deft touch and a pair of well-matched leads." On Metacritic the film has a weighted average score of 69 out of 100, based on 52 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film a rare average grade of "A+" on an A+ to F scale, while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it a 91% positive score, with 80% saying they would definitely recommend it.  Writing for "The San Francisco Chronicle", Mick LaSalle praised Ali and Mortensen and said: "...there's something so deeply right about this movie, so true to the time depicted and so welcome in this moment; so light in its touch, so properly respectful of its characters, and so big in its spirit, that the movie acquires a glow. It achieves that glow slowly, but by the middle and certainly by the end, it's there, the sense of something magical happening, on screen and within the audience." Steve Pond of "TheWrap" wrote, "The movie gets darker as the journey goes further South, and as the myriad indignities and humiliations mount. But our investment in the characters rarely flags, thanks to Mortensen and Ali and a director who is interested in cleanly and efficiently delivering a story worth hearing."  Jazz artist Quincy Jones said to a crowd after a screening: "I had the pleasure of being acquainted with Don Shirley while I was working as an arranger in New York in the '50s, and he was without question one of America's greatest pianists... as skilled a musician as Leonard Bernstein or Van Cliburn... So it is wonderful that his story is finally being told and celebrated. Mahershala, you did an absolutely fantastic job playing him, and I think yours and Viggo's performances will go down as one of the great friendships captured on film."

Accolades.

"Green Book" has received numerous award nominations. In addition to winning the People's Choice Award at the Toronto International Film Festival in September 2018, "Green Book" was nominated for five awards at the 91st Academy Awards, winning three awards for Best Picture, Best Original Screenplay and Best Supporting Actor for Mahershala Ali. "Green Book" was the fifth film to win Best Picture without a Best Director nomination. "Green Book" had five nominations at the 76th Golden Globe Awards, with the film winning Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy. The National Board of Review awarded it, and it was also recognized as one of the Top 10 films of the year by the American Film Institute. The film was also nominated for Cinema for Peace Most Valuable Film of the Year 2019.

Controversies.

Shirley family reaction.

Shirley's relatives condemned the film, stating that they were not contacted by studio representatives until after development, and that it misrepresented Shirley's relationship with his family. Don's brother Maurice Shirley said, "My brother never considered Tony to be his 'friend'; he was an employee, his chauffeur (who resented wearing a uniform and cap). This is why context and nuance are so important. The fact that a successful, well-to-do black artist would employ domestics that did NOT look like him, should not be lost in translation." Some of Maurice Shirley's statements contradict an audio recording from "Lost Bohemia", which featured interviews with Don Shirley and Vallelonga. In one of them, Shirley said that "I trusted him implicitly. You see, Tony got to be, not only was he my driver. We never had an employer/employee relationship". The interviews also support other events depicted in the film.  Mahershala Ali responded with an apology to Shirley's nephew Edwin Shirley III, saying that "I did the best I could with the material I had" and that he was not aware that there were "close relatives with whom I could have consulted to add some nuance to the character". Writer-director Peter Farrelly said that he was under the impression that there "weren't a lot of family members" still alive, that they did not take major liberties with the story, and that relatives of whom he was aware had been invited to a private screening for friends and family. Nick Vallelonga, the film's co-writer and Tony Vallelonga's son, acknowledged that members of the Shirley family were hurt that he did not speak to them and that he was sorry they were offended. He told "Variety" that "Don Shirley himself told me not to speak to anyone" and that Shirley "approved what I put in and didn't put in."

Concerns about depiction of race.

The film has been criticized for advancing a white savior narrative in film that perpetuates stereotypes. "Salon" said the film combines "the white savior trope with the story of a bigot's redemption". Peter Farrelly told "Entertainment Weekly" that he was aware of the white savior trope before filming and sought to avoid it. He said he had long discussions with the actors and producers on the point, and believes that it was not advanced by the film, saying it is "about two guys who were complete opposites and found a common ground, and it's not one guy saving the other. It's both saving each other and pulling each other into some place where they could bond and form a lifetime friendship."  "New York Times" writer Wesley Morris characterized "Green Book" as being a "racial reconciliation fantasy". Morris argues that the film represents a specific style of racial storytelling "in which the wheels of interracial friendship are greased by employment, in which prolonged exposure to the black half of the duo enhances the humanity of his white, frequently racist counterpart". Writing a positive appreciation in "The Hollywood Reporter," Kareem Abdul-Jabbar noted that "filmmakers are history’s interpreters, not its chroniclers."

Green Book is a 2018 American biographical comedy-drama road film directed by Peter Farrelly. Set in 1962, the film is inspired by the true story of a tour of the Deep South by African American classical and jazz pianist Don Shirley and Italian American bouncer Frank "Tony Lip" Vallelonga who served as Shirley's driver and bodyguard. The film was written by Farrelly, Brian Hayes Currie and Vallelonga's son, Nick Vallelonga, based on interviews with his father and Shirley, as well as letters his father wrote to his mother. The film is named after "The Negro Motorist Green Book", a mid-20th century guidebook for African-American travelers written by Victor Hugo Green.

Green Book – Eine besondere Freundschaft (Originaltitel "Green Book") ist eine US-amerikanische Tragikomödie von Peter Farrelly, die am 11. September 2018 im Rahmen des Toronto International Film Festivals ihre Weltpremiere feierte. Der Film kam am 16. November 2018 in ausgewählte US-amerikanische und am 31. Januar 2019 in die deutschen Kinos.


Geography.

Auvillars is located some 14 km north-west of Lisieux and 17 km south-east of Cabourg. Access to the commune is by the D16 road from Léaupartie in the south-west which passes through the centre of the commune and the village and continues to Bonnebosq in the north-east. The D101 passes through the east of the commune as it goes from Cambremer to Pont-l'Évêque. The D59 which connects Bonnebosq to La Boissière passes south through the commune. The commune is entirely farmland except for a few scattered forests.  The "Dorette" river passes through the centre of the commune from north-east to south-west and it continues south-west to join the "Dives" at Le Radier. The "Mont Dorain" rises in the north of the commune and flows south to join the "Dorette". The "Ruisseau Sainte-Agathe" flows from the east to join the "Dorette" near the village.

History.

In his "Monumental Statistics of Calvados" (1862), Arcisse de Caumont described the history of Auvillars as follows:  "As always, Auvillars had the first lords of the members of a family whose name was that of the commune itself. This family became extinct in the person of Jeanne d'Auvillars, daughter and heiress of Guillaume, lord and chatelain of Auvillars, Saint Aubin de Salona, and Barneville who married Robert de Tournebu, Baron de la Motte-Cesny, Grimbosc, etc. at the beginning of the 14th century.  Mr Floquet told of a curious trial that argued that Robert de Tournebu, lord of Auvillars, maltreated a cleric of the priory of Beaumont-en-Auge in the year 1342. He was sentenced to a fine of 400 livres, a huge sum for that time (see History of the Parliament of Normandy). A century later Richard de Tournebu more usefully employed his vigour to support a heroic siege against the captains of the invader Henry V. His capitulation on 7 August 1417 was devised on condition that showed the Norman barons, despite the lack of organization where the invasion had landed, had not made a capable resistance that could be respected. The text of the capitulation was published in the volume entitled "rotuli normanniae" printed in London in 1835 on page 285 and by the Society of Antiquaries of Normandy, Volume XV, page 263 of his memoirs.  Just as the castle was to be evacuated Henry hastened to donate it to the Earl of Salisbury, his cousin, to be sure of its conservation (25 September 1417).  At the time of death of Guillemette de Tournebu in 1485 Jean de Harcourt, his great-grandson, inherited and he added to his other titles that of lord and chatelain of Auvillars. In 1558, Auvillars was in the hands of a family named Salcede: Nicolas Salcede, the owner in 1582, was at that time involved in a conspiracy formed, it is said, by the Guises against the Duke of Alençon and King Henry III, his brother. He was tried by the Parliament of Paris, convicted of the crime of treason, and as such condemned to be quartered. This execution, the memory of which is still preserved in Auvillars, must have taken place around 1588. In 1600 Mme Charlotte Duquesnel d'Aussebost was Dowager of Auvillars. After her death in 1617 the lordship passed to a family named Miou. The head of this family was one of the principal officers of the Duke of Lorraine and his daughter, Louise Marie de Miou, married Pierre Dauvet of Tréguy.  The Dauvet family were nobility from Picardy who were allied to Breze, Montmorency, Saint-Simon, Bethune, Chabannes, etc.  Several of its members took to the sword. Benoit Dauvet and Louis-Nicolas Dauvet distinguished themselves in the battles of Louis XIV and Louis XV.  There is information on this house in the "History of the great officers of the Crown" by P Anselm. Its door was lined with gold and silver in 6 pieces: the first charged with a black lion passant in bend. A Marquisate crown; supported by two savages (see Waroquier, Vol. VII).  Thus one sees the arms on the "funeral litre" in the Chapel of Saint Jean d'Auvillars.  In 1700 Sir Peter Dauvet de Tréguy gave grassland to the poor of Auvillars which was located at Druval and Rumesnil. They still enjoy. The same lords from the Dauvet family founded a school for girls and from their private income. The children of the two parishes of Auvillars and Repentigny were educated there free by a sister of Providence from the Lisieux house. The income was lost through a faulty title. The house was sold by the revolutionaries and was bought by a resident who gave it back to its original purpose.  The presbytery, which had been confiscated, was bought by the commune around 1806.  There were 3 privileged fires and 80 taxable fires at Auvillars.  The small parish of Repentigny has always been a kind of dependency to that of Auvillars. The Lords of Auvillars were patrons, as for Repentigny, and they constantly showed benevolence. The parish had first been removed and reunited with Rumesnil but at the beginning of the reign of Charles X it was reunited with Auvillars as an independent vicariate".

Administration.

List of Successive Mayors

Demography.

In 2010 the commune had 220 inhabitants. The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known from the population censuses conducted in the commune since 1793. From the 21st century, a census of communes with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants is held every five years, unlike larger communes that have a sample survey every year.

Culture and heritage.

Civil heritage.

The commune has a number of buildings that are registered as historical monuments:

Religious heritage.

The commune has one religious building that is registered as an historical monument:

The Church of Saint Germain.

The Church is built in a valley about 1 km from the town of Bonnebosq.  The whole choir dates back to the 12th century. It is lit on the north side by two narrow arched windows devoid of any ornament and very splayed on the inside; to the south is a similar window, enlarged a little on the outside, and a large modern semicircular window. The side walls each have two flat buttresses inside which is a newly built gallery leading to the sacristy placed behind the choir. The choir ends on the eastern side by a right chevet supported by three flat buttresses. There were originally two narrow semicircular windows that have been blocked. The gable is surmounted by an "antefix" cross.  The southern wall of the nave, without buttresses, shows a device of fern leaves. It is pierced by a semicircular door whose lintel is decorated with zigzags based on the columns. The arch is topped with grimacing heads of fantastic animals whose tongues are wrapped around a Torus that lines the underside of the arch (see photo). The nave is lit on this side by four very large semicircular windows, three of which are modern. The fourth is a little less wide and lined with a simple bevel and dates from first half of the 16th century when the nave was extended by one bay.  The northern wall was erected in the 16th century. It is flanked by projecting buttresses and pierced by three windows, one flamboyant and divided by a mullion, another a low arch ornamented with prismatic mouldings, and the other a modern window without character. This wall has the remains of a funeral litre.  A chapel was built between the choir and the nave in the 16th century. The chapel is illuminated on the north side by a large semicircular window ornamented with prismatic mouldings and to the east by a flamboyant window divided into two bays which are today blocked.  The western portal is in a renaissance style and is dated 1538. It is supported by four projecting buttresses, two of which are placed on the corners. The portal, which protrudes toward the middle, is pierced by a semi-circular door flanked by two columns and topped with two windows, now blocked, and decorated with prismatic mouldings. The curved form is pierced at the same time by an oculus and surmounted by a square tower built in timber and covered with slate. A wooden porch was previously in front of portal.  When the sanctuary was repaved in 1853, when the old tiles were removed a tombstone from the 15th or 16th century was discovered. This stone is topped by a statue of a priest holding an old chasuble, turned up at the shoulders with "amict" turned down. The head rests on a cushion with tassels held by angels. At the character's feet lies a dog gnawing a bone. Several parts of this tombstone have been mutilated but the statue is well preserved and perfectly sculpted, it was once under an arched arcade on the southern wall.  There are the remains of an old halo cross in the cemetery dating from the 17th century or perhaps as late as the end of the 16th century. On one side is represented Christ and on the other the Virgin Mary holding in her arms the Child Jesus. The lattice work is decorated with palm leaves.  Near the gate stands an old yew tree which is 4.1 metres in girth.  When the foundations of the sacristy were dug a sword was found at a depth of 2.5 metres that appears to date back to ancient times.  The church is under the patronage of Saint Germain. The parish was divided into two portions which were united around 1708 with provision for two priests: the two priests were both nominated by the Lord. The "pouillé' (Ecclesiastical register) of Lisieux shows that the Lord in the 14th century was dominus Robertus de Tournebut. There are many items in the church that are registered as historical objects:

Chapel of Saint-Jean.

The Chapel of Saint-Jean stands on a hill 2 kilometres south of the Church of Auvillars. It dates to the last Flamboyant Gothic period and is about 30 feet long by 15 wide. The western gate, flanked by two buttresses, finishes with a very sharp curve which supports a very steep roof. The ogival doorway is decorated with prismatic mouldings and surmounted by a window from the same era. In front of the chapel there are two large poplar trees at the entrance.  The Nave is lit by four windows: two full-arched with chamfer and the other two segmented arch. The walls are flanked by protruding buttresses and terminate in a quarter-round cornice.  The Chevet on the right is flanked by two buttresses and finishes, as with the portal, with a very sloping curve surmounted by an "antefix" cross. On the southern wall are the remains of a "funeral litre". The heraldic emblems painted on the liter are reproduced inside the chapel. On the side of the epistle there is an ogival pool.  Behind the altar are three niches containing old statues supported by corbels.  The vault of the chapel is paneled with tie beams.  There are several items in the chapel that are registered as historical objects:

The Parish Church of Saint-Philbert.

The Parish Church of Saint-Philbert contains one item that is registered as an historical object:

Auvillars is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region of north-western France. The inhabitants of the commune are known as "Auvillargeois" or "Auvillargeoises".

Auvillars ist eine französische Gemeinde mit Einwohnern (Stand: ) im Département Calvados in der Region Normandie. Sie gehört zum Arrondissement Lisieux und zum Kanton Mézidon-Canon.


Early life and education.

Sams is the son of the late Shakespearean scholar and musicologist Eric Sams.  He read Music, French, and German at Magdalene College, Cambridge and piano at Guildhall School of Music. Early on, he worked as a freelance pianist and coach, giving frequent recitals and tours and doing stints as a repetiteur at opera houses in Brussels and Ankara.

Career.

Sams came to prominence as a director with a revival of Michael Frayn's farce "Noises Off", which he mounted in London's Royal National Theatre in 2000. This production then transferred to the West End, and then to Brooks Atkinson Theatre on Broadway in 2001.  Among his other directing credits are the West End musicals "Spend Spend Spend" (1999), the story of Viv Nicholson, who squandered a fortune won in the British lottery, and a stage adaptation of the film "Chitty Chitty Bang Bang", called simply "Chitty the Musical" (2002), starring Michael Ball, for both of which he received Laurence Olivier Award nominations; the 2002 Broadway production "Amour", which he translated from the original French libretto by Didier Van Cauwelaert. His efforts earned him two Tony Award and two Drama Desk Award nominations. His directing credits also include Jason Carr and Gary Yershon's musical of "The Water Babies" at the Chichester Festival Theatre in 2003. He directed the Jason Robert Brown Broadway musical"13" at the Bernard B. Jacobs Theatre, on Broadway.  Sams' many translations include plays by Botho Strauß; Mozart’s "The Marriage of Figaro", "The Magic Flute", Puccini's "La Boheme", and Wagner’s "The Ring Cycle" for ENO; "The Merry Widow" for Covent Garden; "Les Parents terribles", "The Miser" and "Mary Stuart" for the Royal National Theatre; "The Threepenny Opera" for the Donmar Warehouse; and "What's in a Name?" for the Birmingham Repertory Theatre.  Sams' composing credits include the BBC film of Jane Austen’s "Persuasion", for which he won a BAFTA award for Best Music. Other scores include "The Mother" (2003) and "Enduring Love" (2004). He also directed 13 the Musical, which consisted of known stars like Ariana Grande, Graham Phillips, and Caitlin Gann.  Sams has written, arranged, and directed music for some 50 theatre productions, including "The Wind in the Willows" and "Arcadia" (RNT) and "The Merry Wives of Windsor" (RSC).

Personal life.

Sams has one child with actress Maria Friedman.

Jeremy Sams (born 12 January 1957, in London, England) is a British theatre director, writer, translator, orchestrator, musical director, film composer, and lyricist.

Jeremy Sams (* 12. Januar 1957 in London, England) ist ein britischer Theaterregisseur (insbesondere für Musicals), Autor, Übersetzer (insbesondere von Opern und anderen Bühnenwerken), Orchester-Arrangeur, Filmkomponist und Liedtexter.


Life.

Roy Schoeman's Jewish parents fled from Nazi Germany to New York, where he was born and grew up. He received his Jewish education from prominent Orthodox rabbis such as Arthur Hertzberg and Arthur Green, who ran the largest rabbinical college in the United States. The charismatic-Hasidic rabbi Shlomo Carlebach also influenced him.  He studied at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard Business School, where he received an MBA magna cum laude and lectured on marketing. In retrospect, he describes his childhood and youth as very religious, but he left this belief behind in the course of his career. He also talks about an increasing feeling of senselessness despite the success. He attributes his devotion to Christianity to apparitions of the Virgin Mary. He counts the Carthusian priest Marcellin Theeuwes among his Christian teachers.  Today he gives lectures and appears as a conference speaker and on television shows in the Christian field.

Religious theses.

In his work "The Salvation comes from the Jews", Schoeman has detailed his views on the role of Judaism in the Christian salvation history detailed above. He sees in Christianity the completion of Judaism and therefore would like to invite  In the Holocaust he suspects diabolic influence and considers the interpretation that this suffering is expiatively preparing the coming return of Christ (parousia). He also traces the influence of National Socialist ideas on Arab rulers and warns of the influence of Muslim anti-Semitism.

Praise and criticism.

Cardinal Raymond Leo Burke praised Schoeman's book, "Honey from the Rock":  Schoeman's statements on the mission to the Jews were also criticized from various sides. Though Schoeman's statements are philosemic, he was also criticized on the Jewish side for his capture of Judaism.

Roy H. Schoeman (born in 1951 in New York, United States) is a Jew and author who has converted to the Catholic Church. Due to his decision of faith, he gave up a career in the field of economics and is now devoted to the Christian mission.

Roy H. Schoeman (* 1951 in New York, USA) ist ein zur katholischen Kirche konvertierter Jude und Autor. Aufgrund seiner Glaubensentscheidung gab er eine Karriere im wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Bereich auf und widmet sich nun der christlichen Mission.


Geography.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of, of which is land and is water.  The town is bordered by Skowhegan and Canaan on the north, Pittsfield on the northeast, Burnham on the east, Benton on the south and Fairfield on the west. It is the northernmost town in Kennebec County: towns to the west and north are in Somerset County, while Waldo County is to the east.  Clinton is crossed by Interstate 95, SR 11, SR 100 and SR 23. The village of Clinton is in the southeast part of the town, on the north side of the Sebasticook River, a southwest-flowing tributary of the Kennebec River.

Demographics.

2010 census.

As of the census of 2010, there were 3,486 people, 1,412 households, and 962 families living in the town. The population density was. There were 1,547 housing units at an average density of. The racial makeup of the town was 97.1% White, 0.4% African American, 0.6% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 0.5% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.1% of the population.  There were 1,412 households of which 32.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.8% were married couples living together, 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 31.9% were non-families. 24.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.88.  The median age in the town was 40.5 years. 22.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.1% were from 25 to 44; 31.1% were from 45 to 64; and 12.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 51.1% male and 48.9% female.

2000 census.

As of the census of 2000, there were 3,340 people, 1,278 households, and 953 families living in the town. The population density was 76.1 people per square mile (29.4/km2). There were 1,409 housing units at an average density of 32.1 per square mile (12.4/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.08% White, 0.12% Black or African American, 0.21% Native American, 0.06% Asian, 0.18% from other races, and 1.35% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.96% of the population.  There were 1,278 households out of which 36.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.2% were married couples living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.4% were non-families. 19.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 2.95.  In the town, the population was spread out with 26.6% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 30.4% from 25 to 44, 24.7% from 45 to 64, and 9.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.4 males.  The median income for a household in the town was $32,419, and the median income for a family was $37,652. Males had a median income of $28,667 versus $21,051 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,052. About 10.1% of families and 13.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.3% of those under age 18 and 6.6% of those age 65 or over.  Claim to Fame  Clinton is the dairy capital of Maine; with 13% of milk production coming from 7 farms consisting of 3,778 acres.

References.

The Town of Clinton was incorporated in 1795, within the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; and, later became Clinton, Maine, on March 15, 1820, when the State of Maine was accepted as a State within the United States of America.  The Town was apparently named after Revolutionary War General, and U.S. Vice President, George Clinton. (Note: the Town is not named for Dewitt Clinton, who was born in 1769 and attained his first elective office in the New York state legislature in 1799, several years before becoming New York's governor).

Clinton is a town in Kennebec County, Maine, United States. The town was named for New York Governor DeWitt Clinton. The population was 3,486 at the 2010 census. The main village in town is the Clinton census-designated place, with a population of 1,419 at the 2010 census.

Clinton ist eine Town im Kennebec County des Bundesstaates Maine in den Vereinigten Staaten. Im Jahr 2010 lebten dort 3486 Einwohner in 1412 Haushalten auf einer Fläche von 116,01 km2.