Plot.

On the Berlin subway, a mysterious, masked man offers university student Cheryl two tickets to a free screening at the Metropol, an isolated and recently renovated local cinema. Cheryl talks her friend Kathy into going with her; at the theater, they meet two preppy college boys, George and Ken. Other attendees of the screening include a blind man and his guide daughter; a married couple; a boyfriend and girlfriend; and a pimp named Tony along with his two prostitutes. One of the prostitutes, Rosemary, scratches her face with a bizarre mask that is on display in the lobby. The film being shown is a violent, disturbing horror film about four teenagers who discover an old tomb and dig up the grave of a sixteenth-century fortune teller called Nostradamus. When the teenagers dig up Nostradamus's coffin, they find no body and instead an old book and a mask identical to the strange mask in the lobby. When one of the movie's characters puts the mask on and is scratched by it just like Rosemary was by its doppelganger, he then turns evil and slaughters his friends.  Feeling ill, Rosemary goes to the bathroom, where she transforms into a bloodthirsty, red-eyed demon like the one in the film. Rosemary attacks her friend, Carmen, who then transforms into a demon in front of the rest of the cinema-goers. The group of uninfected people race to any exit they can find, only to find that they have all been bricked up making escape impossible. Although they attempt to barricade themselves in the balcony, many are attacked and infected by the demons. One of the demons escapes into the city when four punks break into the building through a back entrance; the punks are soon transformed into demons as well.  In the cinema, only George and Cheryl remain uninfected. Using a display motorcycle and sword props from the foyer, they ride through the auditorium, slicing down many demons. George kills nearly all of them when suddenly, a helicopter crashes through the roof. George and Cheryl use an emergency grappling hook and winch to climb to the roof, where they are attacked by the mysterious man from the subway. They are able to kill him by impaling his head on an exposed bit of rebar. The two climb down to the street and discover that the demonic infection has spread throughout Berlin. They are then chased by a horde of demons before being picked up by a jeep of well-armed survivors. As they drive out of the city to safety, Cheryl (having been infected at some point in the theater) transforms into a demon. But before she can harm George, one of the survivalists shoots and kills her. As Cheryl's body collapses into the roadway, George and the survivalists drive out of the city.

Production.

Development.

Following the release of a "giallo" "A Blade in the Dark", the action film "Blastfighter", and the science fiction horror film "Monster Shark", director Lamberto Bava considered writing a three part horror film anthology film written by Dardano Sacchetti, similar to his father's film "Black Sabbath". One of the stories involved monsters that came from a movie theatre screen and attacked the audience, a story that Bava liked more than the other two and began developing it into a feature film.  Dardano and Bava took their 25-page treatment for the film to producer Fabrizio De Angelis, who wanted to use footage from Lucio Fulci's films as the film within a film to cut costs. The two would also take the treatment to Luciano Martino who suggested the two to produce the film themselves. Meanwhile, Dario Argento, who was fresh from the financial success of "Phenomena" and was beginning to be interested in producing films as he had done previously with "Dawn of the Dead". Argento began looking for films to produce, first reading a science fiction script from Luigi Cozzi which he was not convinced with, and then meeting with Bava who agreed to produce "Demons".  Sacchetti was not content with Argento's suggestions for the script, later stating that Argento brought in Franco Ferrini who he felt only tried to please Argento. Ferrini stated his contributions to the script was to post-pone the appearance of the demons, which he said originally appeared much earlier in the film. Sacchetti then said Argento paid him and had him leave the project, only to invite him back towards the end to give the script a final polish. Sacchetti later remarked that the first half of the film's story was the same as the original script while the second half had more blood and gore and special effect scenes.

Filming.

"Demons" was shot in nine weeks in June and July 1985. It was shot on location in Berlin and at De Paolis In.Ci.R. Studios in Rome. The idea to have the demons eyes glow in the film came to Bava on set, who said when filming a scene where the demons approach the camera involved the actors wearing refractive paper which caused the effect.

Release and Sequel.

"Demons" was distributed theatrically in Italy by Titanus on 4 October 1985. The film grossed a total of 1,225,490,000 Italian lire domestically, making it the 39th highest-grossing film in Italy that year, more than "Cat's Eye", "Silver Bullet" and "A Nightmare on Elm Street". The film was distributed elsewhere in the world in 1986 including the United States, France and Hong Kong. The film was planned to be released in the United Kingdom but its release was seemingly canceled.  Following the commercial success of "Demons", Argento and his collaborators began work on a sequel titled "Demons 2" which began shooting on May 19, 1986 and was released on October 9, 1986 in Italy. Bava spoke of a third sequel as early as January 22, 1988 with Argento stating it would be called "Ritorno alla casa dei demoni" () The project for the third film later changed hands to eventually become "The Church" directed by Michele Soavi. Bava's television film "The Ogre" was released outside of Italy as "Demons III: The Ogre".

Reception.

In a contemporary review, Kim Newman stated in "The Monthly Film Bulletin" that "Demons suffers from the same uncertain, over-emphatic tone that brought down producer Dario Argento's own Phenomena" and that "the film has horror effects aplenty-gory deaths, transformations into dribbling monsters, a demon bursting out of a girl's back - and an interesting set of ideas and situations, but flounders badly as it tried to build up a high energy cumulative effect."  "Demons" holds a 60% approval rating on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes based on 10 reviews, with a weighted average of 5.94/10. Leonard Maltin gave the film 1 out of 4 stars, criticizing the film's lack of characterizations, logic and plot.  The film was listed at number 53 on US TV channel Bravo's "The 100 Scariest Movie Moments" countdown.

Soundtrack.

The soundtrack was released on LP. It has 1980s rock and heavy metal themes, while the sequel was pop and new wave oriented. The soundtrack was performed live for the film's thirty-year anniversary at Shock Pop Comiccon in February 2015. The instrumental soundtrack was composed by Claudio Simonetti.

Demons () is a 1985 Italian horror film directed by Lamberto Bava and produced by Dario Argento, starring Urbano Barberini and Natasha Hovey. The screenplay was written by Bava, Argento, Franco Ferrini and Dardano Sacchetti, from a story by Sacchetti. Filming took place in Berlin and Rome.

Dämonen 2, auch "Dance of the Demons" (Originaltitel: "Dèmoni") ist ein italienischer Horrorfilm von Regisseur Lamberto Bava aus dem Jahr 1985 und entgegen dem deutschen Verleihtitel der erste Teil einer kleinen Filmreihe. Produziert wurde der Film von Dario Argento, der auch am Drehbuch beteiligt war; seine junge Tochter Fiore wirkte in einer kleinen Nebenrollen ebenfalls am Film mit.


Construction and early years.

The earliest ancestor of the Rutland, the Rutland & Burlington Railroad, was chartered in 1843 by the state of Vermont to build between Rutland and Burlington. When the Vermont legislature created the state railroad commission in 1855 to oversee railway construction, maintenance, and operations, the first person appointed to the position was Charles Linsley, the Rutland and Burlington's counsel, and a member of its board of directors. A number of other railroads were formed in the region, and by 1867 the Rutland & Burlington Railroad had changed its name to simply the Rutland Railroad.  Between 1871 and 1896 the Rutland Railroad was leased to the Central Vermont, regaining its independence when that road entered receivership. The New York Central Railroad briefly had a controlling interest in the Rutland from 1904, but sold half of its shares to the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad in 1911.  In 1901, the Rutland Railroad completed construction of a system of causeways and trestles across Lake Champlain, through the Champlain islands, to connect between Burlington, Vermont and Rouses Point, New York. The purpose of this construction was to give the Rutland access to Canada independent of the tracks of the competing Central Vermont. At the final approach to Rouses Point, though, both companies did end up sharing the same bridge over the Richelieu River by using an unusual gauntlet track that allowed sharing without the need for switches. The causeway between Burlington and South Hero built at that time is today maintained as a recreation trail called The Island Line Trail. The company also had a line from Rutland, southeast to Bellows Falls, in southeastern Vermont, opposite New Hampshire, and a line from Rutland south to North Bennington, thence to Chatham, New York. Chatham was a major junction for connections via the New York Central to New York City and the Boston & Albany Railroad service to Massachusetts.  The railroad operated a day passenger train, the "Green Mountain Flyer," and a night train counterpart, the "Mount Royal," from Montreal to New York City, via Burlington and Rutland.  The Rutland's primary freight traffic was derived from dairy products and to many the railroad is fondly remembered for the long trains of milk that used to move over the system. At its peak the Rutland served about a system that roughly resembled an upside-down "L" running from Chatham, New York north to Alburgh, Vermont (the railroad's northernmost terminus was Noyan, Quebec) and thence west to Ogdensburg, New York along the St. Lawrence River. Never a solid financial operation, the Rutland entered receivership for the first time in 1938. Cost cutting, including wage reduction, brought things around. A reorganization in 1950 changed the name from Rutland Railroad to Rutland Railway.  In 1925, Rutland reported 259 million net ton-miles of revenue freight and 38 million passenger-miles on 413 miles of road and 559 miles of track; in 1960 it had 182 million ton-miles on 391 route-miles and 476 track-miles.

Decline.

After World War II the decline continued; many branches were closed down. In 1950 the company was reorganized as the Rutland Railway. The year 1953 brought three weeks of employee strike action, which killed off the remaining passenger service on the line. In 1955, the Rutland retired its last steam locomotives.  In 1961 after further strikes the railroad apparently decided it was no longer viable and applied to the Interstate Commerce Commission for complete abandonment. This was approved, and the railroad closed down on May 20, 1963. The strike was brought on by the employees' unwillingness to accept changes that would have moved the center of operations from Rutland to Burlington, requiring them to relocate from Rutland to Burlington. The railroad's tracks in New York State, from the Vermont border directly west of Bennington, along the eastern towns of Rensselaer County south to Chatham, New York were removed, sealing off the previous connection in Chatham to New York City's Grand Central Terminal via the New York Central's Harlem Line.  The changes would have lengthened the runs, running from Burlington to Bellows Falls or Ogdensburg on one day, staying over and then running back the next day. Under current operating orders they would make the run from Rutland to Burlington or Bellows Falls and back in a day, or from Malone, New York running out and back to Ogdensburg and Burlington.  A few years later the national unions agreed to nationwide job changes that allowed this type of change.  Much of the right-of-way was purchased by the State of Vermont. The Northern Division across the top of New York State from Ogdensburg to Norwood remains in tracks. It is operated by Vermont Railway, so all the remaining trackage of the Rutland is operated by one company. Ownership of the railbed from Norwood to Burlington has been dispersed, but a section from Norwood to Moira is the multi-use Rutland Trail. Other abandoned sections make up all or part of the Hudson and Delaware Rail Trail, Corkscrew Rail Trail and the Alburg Recreation Rail Trail.

Steamtown.

Until it was relocated to Scranton, Pennsylvania, The Steamtown Foundation, located near the Bellows Falls terminus operated tourist trains between the museum site and Chester, Vermont.  Following Steamtown’s departure, several tourist trains using the original Rutland rolling stock were operated.  <br

The Rutland Railroad was a railroad in the northeastern United States, located primarily in the state of Vermont but extending into the state of New York at both its northernmost and southernmost ends. After its closure in 1963 parts of the railroad were taken over by the State of Vermont and are now operated by the Vermont Railway.

Die Rutland Railway (bis 1950 Rutland Railroad) (RUT) war eine Eisenbahngesellschaft in Vermont, Massachusetts und New York (Vereinigte Staaten) sowie in Québec (Kanada). Sie bestand einschließlich ihrer direkten Vorgängergesellschaften von 1843 bis 1963.


History.

Between 1969 and 1974, and again between 1989 and 2002, Nissan produced a high performance version of its Skyline coupe called the Nissan Skyline GT-R. This car proved to be iconic for Nissan and achieved much fame and success on both road and track. The GT-R is an entirely new model sharing little with the Skyline GT-R save its signature four round tail lights. Like some later generations of the Skyline GT-R, the GT-R has all-wheel drive with a twin-turbocharged 6-cylinder engine. But the four-wheel-steering HICAS system has been removed and the former straight-6 RB26DETT engine has been replaced with a new VR38DETT V6 engine. Because of the GT-R's heritage, the chassis code for the all-new version has been called CBA-R35, or R35 for short (where CBA stands for the emissions standard prefix), carrying on the naming trend from previous Skyline GT-R generations.  The GT-R has also retained its Skyline predecessor's nickname, Godzilla, originally given to it by the Australian motoring publication Wheels in its July 1989 edition.

Concepts.

Nissan showed two GT-R concept cars at motor shows before it unveiled the production model: one at the Tokyo Motor Show in

Production.

Production model.

The production version of the GT-R debuted at the 2007 Tokyo Motor Show as the 2009 model year, with a lap time of 7:38 minutes at the Nürburgring Nordschleife beating the all time sports classic Porsche 911 Turbo as Nissan stated before launching the car. The GT-R launched in the Japanese market on December 6, 2007. The U.S. official launch was seven months later on July 7, 2008. Universal Nissan in Los Angeles provided a customer with the delivery of a new GT-R, fresh from the production line at 12:01 am, on July 7, 2008. The Canadian launch was also in July 2008. Europe became the third consumer market, where it launched in March 2009. The large disparity in initial marketing between these regional releases is due to Nissan having to build GT-R performance centers where the car is serviced.  The engines are hand built by only four specially trained mechanics called "Takumi Craftsmens" on a special line at Nissan's Yokohama plant and their names are badged on every GT-R engine. The cars are built at their Tochigi plant on a shared production line.

Design.

Nissan chief creative officer, Shirō Nakamura, has likened the new GT-R to the giant robots of the "Gundam" series. Nakamura stated: "The GT-R is unique because it is not simply a copy of a European-designed Sports car; it had to really reflect Japanese culture."  Nissan's American designers sculpted the rear three quarters of the vehicle, while their European designers sculpted the roofline.  Polyphony Digital, creators of the "Gran Turismo" series of motor racing video games, were themselves involved in the development of the GT-R, having been contracted to design the GT-R's multifunction display.

Specifications.

The Nissan GT-R is powered by the VR38DETT V6 engine, a DOHC V6 with plasma transferred wire arc sprayed cylinder bores. Two parallel Ishikawajima-Harima (IHI) turbochargers provide forced induction. Models manufactured between 2007 and 2009 are rated at a manufacturer-claimed engine output of at 6,400rpm and at 3,2005,200rpm. The engine also meets California Air Resources Board Ultra Low Emission Vehicle (ULEV) standards. The standard GT-R and the NISMO GT-R has a

2011 facelift.

The revised GT-R features an engine with revised mapping, changes to valve timing, larger inlets and a revised exhaust system which boosts rated power to and of torque from 3,200 to 6,000 rpm. Changes also include a new more rigid front strut bar made from carbon composite, larger front brake rotors, new lighter and stiffer wheels, and revised Dunlop tires.

2017 facelift.

The updated Nissan GT-R has the same twin-turbocharged V6 VR38DETT engine. but increased the engine output to ( at 6,400 rpm and at 3,200–5,800 rpm). The transmission system is also refined to shift the gears quicker than before.  Other updates include a new front and rear end, bumpers design have been added to improve air cooling system and aerodynamics, new leather has been added to whole interior with a new steering wheel, new infotainment systems and redesigned centre console, new 20-inch aluminium forged wheels, new suspension system, new titanium exhaust system, and new braking systems were added to newly updated GT-R.

Models.

SpecV.

Nissan introduced the GT-R SpecV on January 7, 2009 at the 2009 Tokyo Auto Salon. This version uses carbon fibre trim inside and out, and has no rear seats. In addition, a new colour was introduced limited to the SpecV, LAC Black Opal, The car came with Bridgestone Potenza RE070R tyres.  The GT-R SpecV is powered by the standard twin-turbocharged V6. A new high gear boost controller that allows a temporary increase in boost pressure to the IHI twin turbochargers, now larger than those on the standard GT-R, delivering more torque than the standard GT-R

Egoist/VVIP.

Nissan introduced the GT-R Egoist as the luxury version of Nissan GT-R for 2012 model year which is only produced for Japanese and European market with only 43 units. (With 2 VVIP Editions).  The new updates to Egoist includes, increased the engine power output to 537 PS; 530 hp (395 kW) at 6,800 rpm and torque to 607 N⋅m (448 lb⋅ft) at 3,200-5,800 rpm. And Nissan improved straight line performance for this new model with a 2.9 seconds of 0-60 mph time and can do quarter mile in 11.2 seconds at 122.7 mph.  For interior upgrades includes a Wajima lacquer steering emblem, exclusive leather and Alcantara for instrument

Black Edition.

The Black Edition comes with exclusive 20-inch RAYS wheels and a carbon fibre rear spoiler. Recaro racing seats were commissioned specifically by

Track Edition.

In 2013, for the 2014 model year, Nissan introduced a limited production Track Edition GT-R which deletes the rear seats (saving over the Black Edition) and adds stiffer suspension, carbon fibre air inlets, improved brake cooling, a unique front spoiler, and new black and gray leather Recaro front seats.  "Motor Trend" tested the 2014 model year Track Edition GT-R, achieving in 2.7 seconds, in 10.8 seconds at. The German car magazine sport auto tested the top speed of the Track Edition GT-R,

Gentleman Edition.

Nissan introduced the GT-R Gentleman Edition in 2012 for sale only in France and Belgium. Nissan planned to

Midnight Opal Special Edition.

On July, 2013, Nissan introduced the Midnight Opel Special Edition. The production planned to produce 100 units of this model. But 115 units were built of this edition.  The new model's upgrades includes new Midnight Opal special paint colour (which is painted for Nissan Skyline GT-R's special editions), Carbon

GT-R NISMO.

Nissan introduced the GT-R NISMO for 2015 as the world's fastest volume production vehicle around Nürburgring Nordschleife with a lap time of 7:08.679 minutes in 2014 Tokyo Motor Show.  In the new model, power increases to at 6,800 rpm and of torque at 3,200-5,800 rpm. The time changed to 2.5 seconds. The gear-ratios did not change in the dual-clutch transmission. The fuel tank capacity is. Additional front and rear brake cooling ducts are added, and a full NISMO tuned suspension is installed, including a hollow rear stabilizer bar from the NISMO performance division.  Special edition forged alloys by RAYS in 20-inch size are included. The standard GT-R's aluminium trunk lid is swapped out for a full carbon fibre panel and additional spot welds and adhesive help strengthen the chassis. A front splitter with carbon fibre air ducts up front add to the special NISMO full aerodynamic package, while a large racing style carbon wing completes the rear.  Inside, the NISMO edition has special seats with black and red colour treatment made with synthetic suede. The instrument binnacle and steering

GT-R NISMO N-Attack.

A special edition of the GT-R NISMO which is outfitted after the purchase of the NISMO model. This package includes the parts which

45th Anniversary Gold Edition.

Nissan introduced a limited production 45th Anniversary Gold Edition GT-R based on the Premium package. Ride quality was improved compared to the previous model. It went on sale at the beginning of February 2015.  The car has the twin-turbocharged V6 VR38DETT engine with at 6,800 rpm and at 3,200-5,800 rpm.  The car painted in a unique gold coloured paint called Silica

GT-R50.

To celebrate the GT-R's 50th anniversary, Nissan has announced that, in 2019, they will introduce a limited-production GT-R called the GT-R50. Only fifty of these cars will be produced with a price tag of US$1.1 million and the car became the most expensive vehicle produced by Nissan. The GT-R50 shares its powertrain with the GT-R NISMO but is rated at and of torque.  Upgrades to the engine include large diameter turbochargers shared with the GT3 specification GT-R, a heavy duty crankshaft, pistons and connecting rods, a modified intake system, a new exhaust system, a recalibrated gearbox and a reinforced differential. The rear suspension system uses Bilstein continuously variable dampers and the car uses

Naomi Osaka Edition.

Nissan introduced the GT-R Naomi Osaka Edition for 2019 on September, 2018. Nissan described that they made this car to celebrate the partnership with Nissan brand ambassador Naomi Osaka. Nissan planned to build 50 units of this model with specifications of GT-R Premium model.  The car came

50th Anniversary Edition.

Nissan introduced the 50th Anniversary Edition for 2019 at the 2019 New York Auto Show. The car has the V6 VR38DETT engine with at 6,800 rpm and at 3,200-5,800 rpm. Nissan revealed the price of US$123,040 to the bayside blue, pearl white GT-R 50th Anniversary Edition and US$125,040 for

One-Offs.

Bolt Edition.

Nissan build a special Bolt edition GT-R for Usain Bolt, they build three of this edition and offered one to Usain Bolt for his personal use, charity eBay auction and another one for put on display.  Usain Bolt Personal car has Gray Wheels, Spec Bolt badge and White Egoist style interior. It has a licence plate of 7300GJ (Jamaica) and is still in Jamaica and

Fastest Drift Vehicle.

Nissan build the Fastest Drift Vehicle with support of NISMO by using a 2016 model year GT-R NISMO and specially tuned for a Guinness World Record for Fastest Drift.  For this record they increased cars power output for 1380 hp, racecar spec interior, Greddy Trust's tuning setup, new Aerodynamic parts, specially

Predzilla.

The Predzilla GT-R was a specially build by a 2017 model year Nissan GT-R Premium Edition and donated to the Nashville Predators Foundation. This Nissan GT-R was the main attraction in the Predators Foundation

GT-R/C.

Nissan build this car for celebrate the release of Gran Turismo Sport and marking 20 years of Nissan involvement in the Gran Turismo gaming series. This car was extensively modified to be driven entirely by a DualShock 4 controller.  The GT-R /C controled by NISMO athlete and GT Academy winner Jann Mardenborough around in a cockpit of a helicopter at the Silverstone National Circuit. On Mardenborough's fastest lap 1:17.47 minutes, the car averaged 122 km/h and reached a top speed of 211 km/h.  The GT-R /C is fitted with four robots that operate the steering, transmission, brakes and throttle. Six computers mounted

Performance.

Nissan states the GT-R can attain a top speed of, "Motor Trend" recorded a top speed of. In tests the original production model was shown to be capable of achieving 0- times as low as 3.2 seconds using "launch control". Owners expressed concern that duplicating the times achieved in these tests would void their factory warranty. Nissan's chief vehicle engineer Kazutoshi Mizuno has indicated that he has never used the term "launch control", which refers to the act of turning off vehicle dynamic control (VDC) and launching the car at around 4,500 rpm. However, Nissan's director of product planning John Wiener stated in an interview with Jay Leno that "we (Nissan) actually offer a 'launch mode'". The GT-R user's manual states that turning off the VDC is only meant for escaping low-traction situations such as mud or snow. Nissan has re-programmed the 2010 model year GT-R to reduce the engine speed at launch to around 3,000-3,500 rpm with VDC enabled, which is meant to improve acceleration times. The new programming was also installed on old 2009 vehicles still in Nissan's inventory, and is available for existing 2009 vehicles.  The updated GT-R now has a launch mode called "R-Mode Start". Pushing the three buttons up, includes the Transmission, Suspension and VDC the car gets to "R-Mode Start". The system allows a maximum of 4 consecutive hard launches before locking itself out, after which it can be unlocked by driving normally for. The increased engine output of later models combined with the "R-Mode Start" has lowered the 0- time to 3.2 seconds. "Motor Trend" achieved a standing quarter-mile time of 11.6 seconds at using a US-spec 2009 model year GT-R. "Autocar" achieved a 0- time of 8.5 seconds.  The 2017 model year GT-R can accelerate to in the same time of 2.7 seconds and achieve a time of 10.8 seconds at. In 2017, the German car magazine Auto Bild tested the top speed

Lap Records.

On June 26, the team started testing with standard GT-R's at Sendai Hi-Land Raceway. On July 16, the team visited the Nürburgring and collected data to aid development, and the team build the GT-R NISMO and it's aerodynamic development was finalized after testing it at the Sendai Raceway on July 24.  On September 2, the team returned to the Nürburgring with three GT-R NISMO cars and four drivers with two laps for each driver. drivers included Infiniti Red Bull Racing third driver Sébastien Buemi, NISMO global brand ambassador and racer Michael Krumm, German touring car driver Armin Hahne, and a Japanese driver, Tetsuya Tanaka. team stopped all the tests of GT-R NISMO and on September 30, the team was aiming for a lap under 7:10 minutes, Armin Hahne and Tetsuya Tanaka didn't get close to the target record but Sébastien Buemi did a lap time of 7:12 minutes on his first lap, on his second lap he stopped to take some fuel out to reduce the weight. On the way to do a lap time under 7:10 minutes the car ran out of fuel. Michael Krumm did his first lap time of 7:10 minutes.  At 4:48 p.m just twelve minutes before the Nordschleife was scheduled to close, and five minutes before the rain, Michael Krumm did his second lap time of 7:08.679 minutes and achieved a peak speed of on the Dottinger Hohe uphill climb, Nissan claimed it was the fastest road-legal volume production vehicle, and it was 11 seconds slower than the production vehicle lap record holder limited production Porsche 918 Spyder Weissach Package's lap time of 6:57 minutes set earlier that month, making it the second fastest road-legal production vehicle around the track.  After setting the lap time, the NISMO team invited the Car and Driver's journalist Tony Quiroga to

Motorsport.

Super GT.

NISMO, the motorsport arm of Nissan, entered the Nissan GT-R in the Super GT race series in the GT500 class for the 2008 season, replacing the 350Z.  The 2008 GT500 version of the car has a completely different drivetrain compared to the production car. The race car is upgraded to a VK45DE 4.5-litre naturally aspirated V8 instead of the twin-turbocharge VR38DETT V6 engine. It uses a 6 speed sequential manual gearbox and a rear-wheel-drive layout from its predecessor, the 350Z race car.  A prototype was spotted testing around the Suzuka Circuit as well as Fuji Speedway in Japan. The car went on to win the opening

FIA GT/GT1 World Championship.

On February 27, 2009, NISMO announced a partnership with British racing team Gigawave Motorsports to enter a GT-R in four races in the 2009 FIA GT Championship season. The entry did not compete for championship points, but was used by NISMO to refine the performance of the GT-R for future customer teams to use the car in the planned FIA GT1 World Championship in 2010. NISMO driver Michael Krumm and Gigawave driver Darren Turner would co-drive the GT1 GT-R.  The Sumo Power GT-R won the 2010 RAC Tourist Trophy at Silverstone Circuit as part of the FIA GT1 World Championship on May 2, 2010.  The 2011 season saw Swiss Racing Team switch to Lamborghini which left Sumo Power running four GT-Rs, two under the Sumo Power GT name and two under JR Motorsports. JR Motorsports with the drivers Michael Krumm and Lucas Luhr won the Drivers Championship for the 2011 season, gaining 3 wins and 1 pole position in 10 races.

GT-R Nismo GT1.

Designed and produced specifically to compete in the FIA GT1 World Championship, the GT-R NISMO GT1 is based on the road-going version of the Nissan

GT-R Nismo GT3.

The GT-R NISMO GT3 is powered by the VR38DETT, a twin-turbocharged V6 engine that displaces 3,799 cc. It measures 80.15 inches in width, 188.19 inches in length, and has a wheelbase of 109.45 inches.  GT-R GT3 won the 2015 Liqui Moly Bathurst 12 Hour driven by Katsumasa Chiyo, Wolfgang Reip and Florian Strauss. The NISMO team returned to the Mount Panorama Circuit for the 2016 Liqui Moly Bathurst 12 Hour where after qualifying a disappointing 13th, Chiyo, Strauss and Nissan Australia's Rick

Other categories.

A production-based GT-R made its world motorsport debut in Australia's Targa Tasmania tarmac rally in April 2008, however it sustained damage early in the event and did not complete the rally. Later in 2008 a GT-R won the Competition Modern class in the Targa West before returning to Targa Tasmania in 2009 to take the outright win in the Modern class. In 2009 Nissan's GT-R won the One Lap of America competition. In 2010 the GT-R finished 2nd over all in the One Lap of America competition.  During the 2010 SCCA World Challenge season, a pair of GT class GT-Rs were campaigned by Brass Monkey Racing and driven by Steve Ott and Tony Rivera.

Aftermarket tuning.

Tuning.

Despite early concerns about the difficulty of modifying the Nissan GT-R, many aftermarket tuning parts have become available. The previously reported "untuneable" ECU has since been hacked by several tuning houses.  COBB Tuning was the first company to access the GT-R's encrypted ECU. With their AccessPORT anyone can reprogram both the engine and transmission control units with off the shelf or custom maps. Mine's also has limited control of the ECU, and others (MCR, HKS, and Top Secret) have bypassed the unit. They have been seen testing modified GT-Rs with the former two having conducted tests at the Tsukuba Circuit.  Ecutek tuning on the other hand was the first company to manipulate and change shift points on the GT-R in the TCM (Transmission Control Module) on automatic mode. This can be done at will by the driver. Ecutek also allows the driver to adjust launch control on the fly available with a wrap around boost gauge that can read over 20 PSI. Like COBB Tuning, Ecutek currently offers engine tuning on the ECU and TCM with different launch control software from LC1 up to

Drag Racing.

AMS Performance, based in West Chicago Illinois, has set record power levels and performance numbers for the GT-R. Their Alpha Omega GT-R as well as the first GT-R to reach the 9's, 8's, and 7's. In June 2013, OMEGA broke into the 7s when it ran a 7.98 at 299.56 km/h (186.14 mph). During the evening of the 7 second pass Omega broke a couple of other records. Omega bested its previous 97–209 km/h (60–130 mph) time with 2.67 seconds. Omega also broke the 161–241 km/h (100–150 mph)

Time Attack.

Modified Nissan GT-Rs have competed in time attack challenges, specially for WTAC (World Time Attack Challenge). Time attack GT-Rs have been fielded by HKS, Precision Automotive Racing and LYFE.  In 2015, the HKS's GT-R became as the fastest time attack GT-R, it has the same VR38DETT engine generating over 1200 whp. It's became the fastest vehicle at Fontana, California,

Hill Climb.

The Nissan GT-R has competed in both stock and modified forms in many hill climbing competitions, such as the Jaguar Simola Hill Climb in South Africa.

Drifting.

In February 2016, using a modified GT-R NISMO, Masato Kawabata set a

Others.

The Nissan GT-R played a main role in "Fast & Furious 6". The car in the widely successful movie has modified bumpers, new vented hood, modified

In Popular Culture.

The Nissan GT-R has appeared in numerous videos games notable appearances, including the "Initial D Arcade Stage", "Initial D", "Gran Turismo", "Forza Motorsport", "Sega GT", "Assetto Corsa", "Tokyo Xtreme Racer", "Need for Speed", "Midnight Club","Wangan Midnight", "Asphalt" and "Forza Horizon."  And specially the GT-R was appeared in The Fast And The Furious movie franchise by Paul Walker's Brian O' Corner as his favourite vehicle and a GT-R featured in Overdrive too. and also holds the it's predecessor's "Godzilla" nickname.

The Nissan GT-R is a high-performance sports car and grand tourer produced by Nissan, which was unveiled in 2007. It is the successor to the Skyline GT-R, although no longer part of the Skyline range itself, that name now being used for Nissan's luxury-sport market.

Der Nissan GT-R ist ein seit Dezember 2007 produziertes, 2+2-sitziges Sportcoupé des japanischen Automobilherstellers Nissan und der Nachfolger des Nissan Skyline GT-R R34.


Feedback Linearization of SISO Systems.

Here, consider the case of feedback linearization of a single-input single-output (SISO) system. Similar results can be extended to multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. In this case, formula_7 and formula_8. The objective is to find a coordinate transformation formula_9 that transforms the system (1) into the so-called normal form which will reveal a feedback law of the form that will render a linear input–output map from the new input formula_11 to the output formula_12. To ensure that the transformed system is an equivalent representation of the original system, the transformation must be a diffeomorphism. That is, the transformation must not only be invertible (i.e., bijective), but both the transformation and its inverse must be smooth so that differentiability in the original coordinate system is preserved in the new coordinate system. In practice, the transformation can be only locally diffeomorphic, but the linearization results only hold in this smaller region.  Several tools are required to solve this problem.

Lie derivative.

The goal of feedback linearization is to produce a transformed system whose states are the output formula_12 and its first formula_14 derivatives. To understand the structure of this target system, we use the Lie derivative. Consider the time derivative of (2), which can be computed using the chain rule,  Now we can define the Lie derivative of formula_16 along formula_17 as,  and similarly, the Lie derivative of formula_16 along formula_20 as,  With this new notation, we may express formula_22 as,  Note that the notation of Lie derivatives is convenient when we take multiple derivatives with respect to either the same vector field, or a different one. For example,  and

Relative degree.

In our feedback linearized system made up of a state vector of the output formula_12 and its first formula_14 derivatives, we must understand how the input formula_28 enters the system. To do this, we introduce the notion of relative degree. Our system given by (1) and (2) is said to have relative degree formula_29 at a point formula_30 if,  Considering this definition of relative degree in light of the expression of the time derivative of the output formula_12, we can consider the relative degree of our system (1) and (2) to be the number of times we have to differentiate the output formula_12 before the input formula_28 appears explicitly. In an LTI system, the relative degree is the difference between the degree of the transfer function's denominator polynomial (i.e., number of poles) and the degree of its numerator polynomial (i.e., number of zeros).

Linearization by feedback.

For the discussion that follows, we will assume that the relative degree of the system is formula_38. In this case, after differentiating the output formula_38 times we have,  where the notation formula_41 indicates the formula_38th derivative of formula_12. Because we assumed the relative degree of the system is formula_38, the Lie derivatives of the form formula_45 for formula_46 are all zero. That is, the input formula_28 has no direct contribution to any of the first formula_14th derivatives.  The coordinate transformation formula_49 that puts the system into normal form comes from the first formula_14 derivatives. In particular,  transforms trajectories from the original formula_52 coordinate system into the new formula_53 coordinate system. So long as this transformation is a diffeomorphism, smooth trajectories in the original coordinate system will have unique counterparts in the formula_53 coordinate system that are also smooth. Those formula_53 trajectories will be described by the new system,  Hence, the feedback control law  renders a linear input–output map from formula_6 to formula_59. The resulting linearized system  is a cascade of formula_38 integrators, and an outer-loop control formula_6 may be chosen using standard linear system methodology. In particular, a state-feedback control law of  where the state vector formula_53 is the output formula_12 and its first formula_14 derivatives, results in the LTI system  with,  So, with the appropriate choice of formula_69, we can arbitrarily place the closed-loop poles of the linearized system.

Unstable zero dynamics.

Feedback linearization can be accomplished with systems that have relative degree less than formula_38. However, the normal form of the system will include zero dynamics (i.e., states that are not observable from the output of the system) that may be unstable. In practice, unstable dynamics may have deleterious effects on the system (e.g., it may be dangerous for internal states of the system to grow unbounded). These unobservable states may be controllable or at least stable, and so measures can be taken to ensure these states do not cause problems in practice. Minimum phase systems provide some insight on zero dynamics.

Feedback linearization is a common approach used in controlling nonlinear systems. The approach involves coming up with a transformation of the nonlinear system into an equivalent linear system through a change of variables and a suitable control input. Feedback linearization may be applied to nonlinear systems of the form

Die Idee beim Regelungsentwurf durch globale Linearisierung besteht darin, eine geeignete Rückführung zu finden, die ein nichtlineares System linearisiert und damit eine Regelung vereinfacht. Zumeist wird dazu der Ausgang zurückgeführt, weshalb die Methode auch als Linearisierung durch Ausgangsrückführung bekannt ist.


Plot.

Scrapbook begins with opening credits rolling while a kidnapped woman has a frantic discussion in the dark with an incoherent female voice. As the credits conclude, the door to the van opens and the woman discovers, to her horror, that the incoherent voice belonged to a disemboweled woman. A man reaches in and removes the disemboweled woman.  We then see a flashback about a child named Leonard. He looks in on his sister, who is half-naked and apparently aroused. She notices him, and takes him into her room, where she proceeds to molest him. A young man enters the room, and is disgusted with Leonard. He angrily pulls him downstairs, where he proceeds to rape the boy.  The film then cuts to the present, where Leonard has grown up into a young man and kidnapper of the females from the introduction. Clara is his latest victim. Leonard has her tied to a chair in a large, unkempt trailer home in the middle of nowhere. The walls and furniture are adorned with photos and body parts of his past victims. He reveals his scrapbook to Clara, in which he forced his past victims to document their horrific experiences at his hands. He then tells her that he plans for her to be his "last chapter", before he tries to have the book published, which he believes will lead to fame and fortune. Leonard then drags Clara into a room with the words "I'm winning" scrawled on the wall, presumably in blood. He then violently beats and rapes her, and then urinates on her.  Clara is beaten, raped, and abused in various ways throughout the movie, as she tries to find a way to escape. Finally Clara comes to realize that in order to survive she must manipulate him through what he writes in the scrapbook. Slowly Leonard starts to give her food and clothes. Clara pretends that she wants to make love to Leonard and uses duct tape to tie his arms and legs to the cot. Thereafter, she stabs Leonard on the bottom of his feet with a knife and takes pictures of him in pain. She puts those pictures in the scrapbook and the film ends with her walking away from the house.

Production.

Scrapbook was directed in 1998 by Eric Stanze and is St. Louis-based production company Wicked Pixel Cinema's third feature film.

Release.

In the United States, it was released in 2000 by Sub Rosa Studios, and re-released in 2005 by Image Entertainment. It has also been released internationally, including a censored version released in the UK.

Criticism.

"Scrapbook" has been commended and criticized for its explicit depiction of rape, which some reviewers claim borders on pornography. In the United Kingdom, 15 minutes and 24 seconds were cut from the film to comply with the BBFC's "18" rating.

Awards.

"Scrapbook" was named the number one independent movie of 2001 by "Rue Morgue Magazine". At the 2001 B-Movie Film Festival, "Scrapbook" won Best Screenplay and Best B-Movie Villain, both posthumously awarded to Tommy Biondo. In 2007, it won Best Feature at the Fright Night Film Festival in Louisville, Kentucky.

Scrapbook is a 2000 American horror film about a young woman who is kidnapped, held captive, and repeatedly beaten and raped for several days. The title refers to a scrapbook that her captor uses as a record of the ordeals of his victims.

Scrapbook [] ist ein US-amerikanischer Videofilm des Regisseurs Eric Stanze aus dem Jahr 2000. Er erregte Aufsehen durch die explizite Darstellung einer Vergewaltigung. Produzent Tommy Biondo schrieb auch das Drehbuch und ist als Hauptdarsteller zu sehen.


Biography.

Early life.

Antoine Predock was born on June 24, 1936 in Lebanon, Missouri. He considers himself an Albuquerque native, though he did not move there until college. Predock credits his mother, who had majored in liberal arts in college, for his artistic inclination, and his father, an engineer, for his technical interests.  Predock first attended the University of Missouri-Columbia School of Engineering, then the University of New Mexico, where he studied engineering, emulating his father. Although he was a successful and academically inclined student, Predock found little fulfillment in his studies in engineering. Upon completing a technical drawing course taught by Don Schlegel, an architecture professor at UNM, Predock began to reevaluate his career choices. After a short hiatus from academic life, he returned to UNM at age 21 to study architecture. Schlegel acted as an advisor to Predock throughout the latter's time in the UNM architecture program. Eventually, Schlegel told Predock that he had taken advantage of all that UNM had to offer and encouraged him to apply elsewhere. Predock did, and was accepted to Columbia University, where he obtained his B.A. in architecture.

Career.

Predock established his first office in Albuquerque, New Mexico in 1967. As of April 2019, Predock and his team have offices in Albuquerque and Taipei.  He and his firm have planned, developed, and collaborated on over 100 buildings and projects. They have been featured in over 60 exhibitions, 250 books, and over 1,000 publications. He has also held various teaching positions at at least 14 universities, in the United States and elsewhere.

Antoine Predock (born 1936 in Lebanon, Missouri) is an American architect based in Albuquerque, New Mexico. He is the principal of Antoine Predock Architect PC, the studio he founded in 1967.

Antoine Predock (* 1936 in Lebanon, Missouri) ist ein US-amerikanischer Architekt. Er ist Inhaber des 1967 gegründeten Architekturbüros "Antoine Predock Architect PC" in Albuquerque, New Mexico und betreibt weitere Büros in Los Angeles und Taipeh (Taiwan). Predock studierte zunächst an der University of New Mexico und schloss sein Studium mit einem Bachelor an der Columbia University ab. Predock hat eine Berufszulassung für zahlreiche US-Bundesstaaten. Außerdem ist er als Innenarchitekt und Landschaftsarchitekt eingetragen. Überwiegend entwirft er Bauten im Südwesten der USA, wobei er sich jeweils von der regionalen Bautradition inspirieren lässt. Stilistisch werden viele seine Bauten der Postmoderne zugerechnet.


ETag generation.

The use of ETags in the HTTP header is optional (not mandatory as with some other fields of the HTTP 1.1 header). The method by which ETags are generated has never been specified in the HTTP specification.  Common methods of ETag generation include using a collision-resistant hash function of the resource's content, a hash of the last modification timestamp, or even just a revision number.  In order to avoid the use of stale cache data, methods used to generate ETags should guarantee (as much as is practical) that each ETag is unique. However, an ETag-generation function could be judged to be "usable", if it can be proven (mathematically) that duplication of ETags would be "acceptably rare", even if it could or would occur.  RFC-7232 explicitly states that ETags should be content-coding aware, e.g.  Some earlier checksum functions that were weaker than CRC32 or CRC64 are known to suffer from hash collision problems. Thus they were not good candidates for use in ETag generation.

Strong and weak validation.

The ETag mechanism supports both "strong validation" and "weak validation". They are distinguished by the presence of an initial "W/" in the ETag identifier, as:  A strongly validating ETag match indicates that the content of the two resource representations is byte-for-byte identical and that all other entity fields (such as Content-Language) are also unchanged. Strong ETags permit the caching and reassembly of partial responses, as with byte-range requests.  A weakly validating ETag match only indicates that the two representations are semantically equivalent, meaning that for practical purposes they are interchangeable and that cached copies can be used. However, the resource representations are not necessarily byte-for-byte identical, and thus weak ETags are not suitable for byte-range requests. Weak ETags may be useful for cases in which strong ETags are impractical for a Web server to generate, such as with dynamically-generated content.

Typical usage.

In typical usage, when a URL is retrieved, the Web server will return the resource's current representation along with its corresponding ETag value, which is placed in an HTTP response header "ETag" field:  The client may then decide to cache the representation, along with its ETag. Later, if the client wants to retrieve the same URL resource again, it will first determine whether the locally cached version of the URL has expired (through the Cache-Control and the Expire headers). If the URL has not expired, it will retrieve the locally cached resource. If it is determined that the URL has expired (is "stale"), the client will send a request to the server that includes its previously-saved copy of the ETag in the "If-None-Match" field.  On this subsequent request, the server may now compare the client's ETag with the ETag for the current version of the resource. If the ETag values match, meaning that the resource has not changed, the server may send back a very short response with a HTTP 304 Not Modified status. The 304 status tells the client that its cached version is still good and that it should use that.  However, if the ETag values do not match, meaning the resource has likely changed, a full response including the resource's content is returned, just as if ETags were not being used. In this case, the client may decide to replace its previously cached version with the newly returned representation of the resource and the new ETag.  ETag values can be used in Web page monitoring systems. Efficient Web page monitoring is hindered by the fact that most websites do not set the ETag headers for Web pages. When a Web monitor has no hints whether Web content has been changed, all content has to be retrieved and analyzed using computing resources for both the publisher and subscriber.

Mismatched ETag detection.

A buggy website can at times fail to update the ETag after its semantic resource has been updated., an example of a prominent such site is export.arxiv.org. As a result, the incorrectly returned response is status 304, and the client fails to retrieve the updated resource. To detect such a buggy website:

Tracking using ETags.

ETags can be used to track unique users, as HTTP cookies are increasingly being deleted by privacy-aware users. In July 2011, Ashkan Soltani and a team of researchers at UC Berkeley reported that a number of websites, including Hulu, were using ETags for tracking purposes. Hulu and KISSmetrics have both ceased "respawning" as of 29 July 2011, as KISSmetrics and over 20 of its clients are facing a class-action lawsuit over the use of "undeletable" tracking cookies partially involving the use of ETags.  Because ETags are cached by the browser and returned with subsequent requests for the same resource, a tracking server can simply repeat any ETag received from the browser to ensure an assigned ETag persists indefinitely (in a similar way to persistent cookies). Additional caching headers can also enhance the preservation of ETag data.  ETags may be flushable by clearing the browser cache (implementations vary).

The ETag or entity tag is part of HTTP, the protocol for the World Wide Web. It is one of several mechanisms that HTTP provides for Web cache validation, which allows a client to make conditional requests. This allows caches to be more efficient and saves bandwidth, as a Web server does not need to send a full response if the content has not changed. ETags can also be used for optimistic concurrency control, as a way to help prevent simultaneous updates of a resource from overwriting each other.

ETag (für "entity tag", etwa ‚Entitäts-Kennzeichen‘) ist ein im HTTP 1.1 eingeführtes Header-Feld. Es dient zur Bestimmung von Änderungen an der angeforderten Ressource und wird hauptsächlich zum Caching, also der Vermeidung redundanter Datenübertragungen, verwendet.


Award statute.

Classes.

The Civic Decoration is awarded in two categories: These classes are common to all the types of the Civic Decoration.

Award criteria.

The Civic Decoration for long and distinguished service in the administration and firefighters is awarded:  The Civic Medal Third Class (bronze), which was principally intended for award to indigenous personnel in the colonies, is no longer awarded.  The Decoration for exceptional acts of bravery, devotion or humanity is awarded on a case-by-case basis. The Civic Cross First Class for exceptional acts of bravery, devotion or humanity is only awarded posthumously.

Award description.

The badge of the Civic Cross is a white enamelled maltese cross with the central medallion bearing the monogram of King Leopold I or of King Albert I (for the 1914–1918 Cross) on the obverse and reverse. Between the arms of the Cross are: The cross 1st class is gilt, the second class is silver.  The Medal is vaguely octagonal and looks like a closed florian cross, it bears the relief image of the Civic Cross. The medal for 1914–1918 is topped with crossed swords, the medal for 1940–1945 is topped with crossed flaming torches. The medal first class is gold, the second class is silver and the third class is bronze.  The ribbons of the Civic Decoration and Medal differ with the type of award: The ribbons of the war time awards are adorned with a metal clasp bearing 1914–1918 or 1940–1945.

The Civic Decoration (, ) is a civilian decoration of the Kingdom of Belgium. It was first established by royal decree on 21 July 1867 to reward exceptional acts of bravery, devotion or humanity. A further royal decree of 15 January 1885 extended the award to state civil servants for long service by a mere change of ribbon. The award statute was once again amended by royal decree in 1902 to include long service in the Civic Guard and firefighters, each with its distinctive ribbon.

Der Orden für Zivilverdienste (frz. "Decoration civique") wurde durch den belgischen König Leopold II. am 21. Juli 1867 gestiftet und zur „Belohnung für langjährige in Gemeinde- etc. Ämter dem Staate geleistete Dienste, sowie für ausgezeichnete mutige und aufopfernde Handlungen und überhaupt für hervorragende Thaten im Sinne allgemeiner Menschenliebe“ verliehen. Außerdem wurden treue Dienste über einen Zeitraum von 25 Jahren mit einer unteren Klassenauszeichnung und 35 Jahren im öffentlichen Dienst mit der oberen Kreuzklassenauszeichnung geehrt. Bereits am 20. Juli 1856 hatte König Leopold I. eine Auszeichnung für Offiziere mit 25 Dienstjahren geschaffen. Die Auszeichnung sah dem späteren Kreuz gleich. Hier wurde ein grünes Band mit roter Einfassung verwendet. Auch ab dem Jahr 1860 wurde durch König Leopold I. ein leicht verändertes Kreuz für die Garde nationale ou civique eingeführt. Das dazugehörige Band war ein rotes mit drei grünen Streifen. Der Mittelstreifen war schmal gehalten gegenüber den anderen.


Plot.

Sarah is the young mother of Jeremiah (Dylan and Cole Sprouse) who has him move back in with her after spending his early years with a stable foster family. Their life soon becomes hectic with Sarah giving her young son drugs and giving him a chaotic life on the road.  Sarah (Asia Argento) becomes involved with a series of men who treat her, and her seven-year-old son, Jeremiah (Jimmy Bennett), poorly, and she uses them as an excuse to abandon her son. She disappears to Atlantic City with her boyfriend, Emerson (Jeremy Renner), and then abandons him; Emerson returns to their home and rapes Jeremiah. After a trip to the hospital, Jeremiah's grandmother (Ornella Muti) takes him to a West Virginian radical Christian cult led by his grandfather (Peter Fonda). After he has been three years with the cult, Sarah returns to reclaim the 11-year-old Jeremiah (Dylan and Cole Sprouse).  Sarah's current lover, Kenny (Matt Schulze), a truck driver, eventually abandons them at a truck stop while Sarah is soliciting. Sarah realizes that if she is going to keep her men she cannot say Jeremiah is her son. She persuades Jeremiah to cross dress so he can act as her "little sister", and Jeremiah's cross-dressing evolves to include his mother's seduction techniques. After dressing up as a "baby doll" version of Sarah which consisted of her makeup, her white nightgown and her red high heel pumps, Jeremiah seduces Jackson (Marilyn Manson), his mother's latest man, who initially tries to rebuff the boy's advances, but then gives in. Sarah is furious with Jackson for giving in to the boy's advances and with Jeremiah for ruining her panties with drops of blood on them, and she takes Jeremiah and leaves.  Later, they are in a house where the basement houses a methamphetamine laboratory, which later blows up with Sarah's latest boyfriend inside. After fleeing, and while detoxing from methamphetamine, Sarah is convinced that everyone is after them and that only certain foods are edible (mainly chips and soda). She convinces Jeremiah that if they eat anything but those foods, they will be poisoned which leads them to a failed attempt to shoplift at a grocery store; afterwards, Jeremiah finds a hamburger to eat from a dumpster. His mother, in a state of "meth psychosis", is convinced the food he ate was poison, and makes him drink ipecac in order to make him better and rid him of any "poisons".  Jeremiah wakes up in the hospital with his grandmother beside him. She tells him that Sarah is in the psychiatric ward. Later that night, Sarah collects Jeremiah from his hospital room, and, rather than have him go back to the cult, she clutches his hand and they walk away in hospital gowns. The final scene is of Sarah and Jeremiah driving away.

Soundtrack.

Although the soundtrack to the film was never commercially released, here is a list of different songs featured in the film, along with the scenes they are played in.

Reception.

"The Heart Is Deceitful Above All Things" received mixed to negative reviews from critics. Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports a 40% rating based on 50 reviews. The site's consensus states: "The film aims to shock, but there is no higher reason for the parade of sordid images except to be 'cool'." On Metacritic, the film has a 27 out of 100 rating based on 22 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".  Bennett being 17 years old and portraying the son of her character was referenced in the 2018 allegations that Argento sexually assaulted him.

The Heart Is Deceitful Above All Things is a 2004 drama film co-written and directed by Asia Argento and starring Argento, Jimmy Bennett, Dylan Sprouse, and Cole Sprouse (with Bennett and the Sprouse brothers sharing the role as Jeremiah). The screenplay by Argento and Alessandro Magania is based on JT LeRoy's novel of the same name. The film received a limited theatrical release in North America on March 10, 2006.

The Heart Is Deceitful Above All Things (Verweistitel: "Das Herz ist eine hinterlistige Person") ist die Verfilmung des als vorgeblich autobiografisch vermarkteten Romans 'The Heart is Deceitful Above All Things' von JT LeRoy, in Deutschland erschienen unter dem Titel 'Jeremiah'. Der Film wurde 2004 gedreht, Regie führte Asia Argento, die auch die Hauptrolle der Sarah spielte.


Background.

"Democracy Now!" was founded on February 19, 1996 at WBAI in New York City by journalists Amy Goodman, Juan Gonzalez, Larry Bensky, Salim Muwakkil, and Julie Drizin. It originally aired on five Pacifica Radio stations. Goodman is the program's principal host, with Juan Gonzalez and Nermeen Shaikh as frequent co-hosts. Jeremy Scahill, an investigative reporter and co-founding editor for "The Intercept", has been a frequent contributor since 1997.  The show covered the Seattle protests (1999) targeting the World Trade Organization.  "Democracy Now!" partnered with Free Speech TV (FSTV) to cover the 2000 Democratic National Convention. Due to FSTV's satellite broadcast of the convention, the event marked a turning point for "Democracy Now!", as in addition to its presence on radio, it became a television show. From then onward, "Democracy Now!" has had their content promoted and broadcast on FSTV.  "Democracy Now!" began broadcasting on television every weekday shortly after September 11, 2001, and is the only public media in the U.S. that airs simultaneously on satellite and cable television, radio, and the internet.  In June 2002, "Democracy Now!" separated from Pacifica Radio and became an independent nonprofit organization.  "Democracy Now!" has been critical of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) trade deal. After data disclosures by the whistleblower organisation WikiLeaks regarding the TPP in 2010, "Democracy Now!" has given a significant media platform and extensively covered them since, and like some other news networks cooperated with its leader Julian Assange. Coverage of WikiLeaks by "Democracy Now!" was sympathetic and without slants, unlike several traditional news networks, including some of its partners.  In 2011, reporter Sharif Abdel Kouddous covered the Egyptian revolution for "Democracy Now!".  On February 19, 2016, "Democracy Now!" marked 20 years on the air with an hourlong retrospective look back at "two decades of independent, unembedded news," with highlights chosen from over 5,000 episodes. Amy Goodman also published a book entitled "Democracy Now!: 20 Years Covering the Movements Changing America," and launched a 100-city tour across the United States to mark the 20th anniversary of "Democracy Now!", with scheduled broadcasts of the show recorded during her travels.

Studios.

"Democracy Now!" began as a radio program broadcast from the studios of WBAI, a local Pacifica Radio station in New York City. In early September 2001, amid a months-long debate over the mission and management of Pacifica, "Democracy Now!" was forced out of the WBAI studios. Goodman took the program to the Downtown Community Television Center located in a converted firehouse building in New York City's Chinatown, where the program began to be televised. Only a few days later on September 11, 2001 "Democracy Now!" was the closest national broadcast to Ground Zero. On that day Goodman and colleagues continued reporting beyond their scheduled hour-long time slot in what became an eight-hour marathon broadcast. Following 9/11, in addition to radio and television, "Democracy Now!" expanded their multimedia reach to include cable, satellite radio, Internet, and podcasts.  In November 2009, "Democracy Now!" left their broadcast studio in the converted DCTV firehouse, where they had broadcast for eight years. The studio subsequently moved to a repurposed graphic arts building in the Chelsea District of Manhattan. In 2010, the new 8,500-square-foot "Democracy Now!" studio became the first radio or television studio in the nation to receive LEED Platinum certification, the highest rating awarded by the U.S. Green Building Council.

Syndication.

"Democracy Now!" is the flagship program of the Pacifica Radio network. It also airs on several NPR member stations. The television simulcast airs on public-access television and several PBS stations; by satellite on Free Speech TV and Link TV, and free-to-air on C Band. "Democracy Now!" is also available on the Internet as downloadable and streaming audio and video. In total, nearly 1,400 television and radio stations broadcast "Democracy Now!" worldwide.

Awards and reaction.

"Democracy Now!" and its staff have received several journalism awards, including the Gracie Award from American Women in Radio & Television; the George Polk Award for its 1998 radio documentary "Drilling and Killing: Chevron and Nigeria's Oil Dictatorship", on the Chevron Corporation and the deaths of two Nigerian villagers protesting an oil spill; and Goodman with Allan Nairn won Robert F. Kennedy Memorial's First Prize in International Radio for their 1993 report, "Massacre: The Story of East Timor" which involved first-hand coverage of genocide during the Indonesian occupation of East Timor.  On October 1, 2008, Goodman was named as a recipient of the 2008 Right Livelihood Award, in connection with her years of work establishing "Democracy Now!" and in 2009, she, like her frequent guest Glenn Greenwald, was awarded the first annual Izzy Award (named after journalist I. F. "Izzy" Stone) for "special achievement in independent media." Her co-host Juan Gonzalez was inducted into the New York chapter of the Society of Professional Journalists' Hall of Fame on November 19, 2015.

2008 Republican National Convention arrests.

Three journalists with "Democracy Now!"—including principal host Amy Goodman, and news producers Nicole Salazar and Sharif Abdel Kouddous—were detained by police during their reporting on the 2008 Republican National Convention protests. Salazar was filming as officers in full riot gear charged her area. As she yelled "Press!" she was knocked down and told to put her face in the ground while another officer dragged her backward by her leg across the pavement. The video footage of the incident was immediately posted on the Internet, leading to a large public outcry against her arrest. When a second producer, Kouddous, approached, he too was arrested, and charged with a felony. According to a press release by "Democracy Now!", Goodman herself was arrested after confronting officers regarding the arrest of her colleagues. The officers had established a line of "crowd control," and ordered Goodman to move back. Goodman claims she was arrested after being pulled through the police line by an officer, and subsequently (as well as Kouddous) had her press credentials for the convention physically stripped from her by a secret service agent. All were held on charges of "probable cause for riot." A statement was later released by the city announcing that all "misdemeanor charges for presence at an unlawful assembly for journalists" would be dropped. The felony charges against Salazar and Kouddous were also dropped.  Goodman, Salazar, and Kouddous subsequently filed a lawsuit against the cities of St. Paul and Minneapolis as well as other defendants. According to Baher Asmy of the Center for Constitutional Rights, "[a]ll three plaintiffs that are journalists with "Democracy Now" reached a final settlement with the city of Minneapolis and St. Paul, and the United States Secret Service, that will resolve the claims that they had against them from unlawful and quite violent arrests." The settlement includes $100,000 in compensation and a promise of police training.

2016 North Dakota access pipeline protests.

In September 2016, an arrest warrant for criminal trespass was issued for Amy Goodman after covering for "Democracy Now!" the Dakota Access Pipeline protests during which guards unleashed dogs and pepper spray on protesters in Morton County, North Dakota. An arrest warrant was reportedly also issued for Green Party presidential candidate Jill Stein and her running mate, Ajamu Baraka.  Goodman elected to turn herself in. Three days before the court date, the charges were increased to engaging in a riot, which carried a penalty of up to 30 days in jail and a $1,500 fine. On October 17, 2016, the judge quickly dismissed the charges, but Morton County prosecutors insisted the case is still open and that they may pursue further charges in the future. Goodman asserted the importance of freedom of the press and said that "Democracy Now!" would continue covering the developing situation in North Dakota.

Notable guests, interviews, and on-air debates.

"Democracy Now!" has featured appearances from Green party candidate Jill Stein during the 2016 United States presidential election.

Listenership.

According to Quantcast, "democracynow.org reaches over 395K U.S. monthly people" in the period 2016–2017.

Democracy Now! is an hour-long American TV, radio and internet news program hosted by journalists Amy Goodman, who also acts as the show's executive producer, and Juan González. The show, which airs live each weekday at 8 a.m. Eastern Standard Time, is broadcast on the internet and by over 1,400 radio and television stations worldwide.

Democracy Now (eigene Schreibweise: "Democracy Now!") ist ein US-amerikanisches Politikmagazin im nichtkommerziellen Rundfunk. Marginalisierten Menschen und Themen, die in den US-Massenmedien nicht vorkommen, will "Democracy Now" eine Stimme verleihen. Die Sendung wird international von über 700 Hörfunk-, Fernseh- und Internetsendern übernommen. Produziert wird die Sendung, die sich den Claim "The war and peace report" gewählt hat, von dem Radionetzwerk Pacifica Radio.


History.

From 1830 until 1970 Belgium was a unitary state with a single government and a bicameral national parliament. The laws issued by Parliament applied to all Belgians, and government ministers exercised their authority across the length and breadth of the country. Between 1970 and 2001 the Belgian Parliament approved five successive constitutional reforms. Slowly they changed Belgium from a unitary into a federal state. Part of this was to give the communities and later the regions, their own parliaments.  On December 7, 1971, the Cultural Council for the Dutch-speaking Cultural Community held its first meeting, later followed a parliament for the Flemish Region. Flanders decided as early as 1980 to merge the Flemish Community with the Flemish Region. As a result, Flanders now has a single parliament and a single government with competence over community as well as over regional matters. This Parliament was called the "Vlaamse Raad" until it was officially renamed "Vlaams Parlement" (Flemish Parliament) on June 13, 1995. Over the last thirty years, Flanders has thus developed into a separate state within the federalised Belgium.  Members are called ""Vlaamse Volksvertegenwoordigers"". In English, they are referred to as "Members of the Flemish Parliament" (MFPs), like the MSPs in Scotland and the MEPs in the European Union. The title "Flemish Representative" is also used in English. Since 1995 members of the Flemish Parliament have been directly elected.  Currently, many voices in the Flemish Movement would like the Flemish Parliament to acquire certain sovereign powers in addition to those concerning language, culture and education. Furthermore, among the broader Flemish population a consensus has emerged that the Flemish Parliament should also acquire much larger financial and fiscal autonomy.

Competencies (Jurisdiction).

The Flemish Parliament enacts decrees, which are Flemish laws, either as a decree of the Flemish Community or as a decree of the Flemish Region (or often as a decree combining provisions for both entities). Regional legislation is only applicable to all persons in the Flemish Region whereas community legislation also applies to Flemish institutions or services in Brussels (and thus to persons in Brussels who choose to make use of these institutions or services, such as schools).  No hierarchy exists between (federal) laws and Flemish decrees, as each level is supposed to have clearly defined subject-matter jurisdiction. The basis for the community subject-matter jurisdiction is defined in the Belgian Constitution, but the Special Law on Institutional Reform defines all matters in high detail. They can be summarised as follows:

International affairs.

For all areas within its sphere of competence (both vis-à-vis community or regional competences), the Flemish region can conclude international treaties with other states, whether they are national states or member states of a federation. This competence includes development cooperation and foreign trade.

Procedure.

A regular legislative session starts in September, when the Government presents its "September Declaration" ("Septemberverklaring"), a kind of State of the Union. Plenary sessions are usually held on Wednesdays.  The Flemish Parliament largely functions like its federal, community and regional counterparts, "mutatis mutandis". Bills are usually introduced by the Government ("ontwerp van decreet"), but members of parliament can also propose bills ("voorstel van decreet" or private member's bill). Bills are first considered in committee, after which they are put to a vote in the plenary. Votes are usually recorded electronically. For example during the 2009–14 legislature, 407 government bills were adopted, while only 102 private member's bills were made law.

Elections and membership.

118 members are directly elected in the Flemish Region. They have voting rights for both regional and community competencies. 6 members are directly elected in the Brussels-Capital Region by those voters who voted for a Dutch-speaking party in the Brussels regional elections. They have no voting rights for the regional competencies.  The elections take place every five years, simultaneously with the elections for the other regional and community parliaments and for the European Parliament. Thus, de facto the European decision-makers determine when the Flemish Parliament elections occur.  This table shows the distribution of seats following the 2019 regional election:

Previous legislative terms.

The following table lists each legislative term since 1995, when the Flemish Parliament was first directly elected following the fourth state reform.  The parties are ordered by size in the respective term. Green coloured parties indicate the government majority, whereas red parties form the opposition.  1995–1999  1999–2004  2004–2009  2009–2014  2014–2019  2019–present

Officers.

At the beginning of each parliamentary year, on the fourth Monday in September, the Flemish Parliament elects its Speaker. The Speaker chairs the plenary sessions of the Flemish Parliament and acts as its official representative. He or she determines whether a certain initiative is admissible and thus can be put to parliament at all. The Flemish Ministers take the oath before the Speaker of the Flemish Parliament. Only the head of the Flemish government, the Flemish Minister-President, takes the oath before the King.  The current Speaker of the Flemish Parliament is Liesbeth Homans of the New Flemish Alliance (N-VA).  The Speaker of the Flemish Parliament is assisted by the Bureau, which consists of the Speaker, four Deputy Speakers and three Secretaries. The Bureau is responsible for the day-to-day activities of the Flemish Parliament and meets at least once every two weeks. The Extended Bureau, which consists of the Bureau and the floor leaders of the recognised political fractions in the Flemish Parliament coordinates the political activities of the Flemish Parliament and sets the agenda for the plenary session. It usually meets every week on Monday.

Committees.

Much of the work of the Flemish Parliament is done in committee. The Flemish Parliament currently has eleven standing committees. Each committee is specialised in a particular subject area and consists of 15 Members of the Flemish Parliament. The primary task of the committees is to examine the texts of decree proposals and organise hearings and discussions on decree proposals. There are usually also ad hoc committees, such as the Digital Flanders Committee and the Flemish Constitution Committee.

The Flemish Parliament (Dutch:, formerly called Flemish Council or "Vlaamse Raad") constitutes the legislative power in Flanders for matters which fall within the competence of Flanders, both as a geographic region and as a cultural community of Belgium (unlike the French Community and Wallonia, which each have separate legislatures: the Parliament of the French Community and the Walloon Parliament).

Das Flämische Parlament () ist die Volksvertretung der Flämischen Gemeinschaft und der Flämischen Region in Belgien. Das Parlament hat seinen Sitz in Brüssel.


Plot.

Aditya Kashyap (Shahid Kapoor) is a wealthy industrialist struggling with his business and personal life. With his company in a bad condition and his girlfriend marrying another man, he becomes depressed and wanders aimlessly until he boards a train, wanting to get away from his life. Inside, he meets another passenger, Geet Dhillon (Kareena Kapoor), a bubbly, talkative Sikh girl. Irritated by her talkativeness, he lashes out at her, but she thinks nothing of it, understanding that he is upset.  When Geet sees that Aditya has gotten off the train, she disembarks to let him know the train is leaving but ends up missing it herself. Aditya reluctantly helps her get to the next station by driving a taxi himself but Geet misses the train again. Now stranded, she announces to the exasperated Aditya that she won't leave him alone until he drops her back home and the duo embarks on a road trip to reach her house in Bhatinda. During the trip, they bond and Aditya begins to feel better, enjoying himself with Geet. At her home, he meets her large family, who shower him with affection for taking care of Geet and make him stay for a week. After her family tries to get Geet engaged to someone else, she decides to run away, as she has already confided in Aditya about the man she loves, Anshuman (Tarun Arora). Sure that her family wouldn’t agree to their marriage, she plans to run away, marry Anshuman, then come back and beg for forgiveness. That night, the two flee, and her enraged family assumes she has eloped with Aditya. The two head to Manali, where Anshuman lives. She tells Aditya to come to meet Anshuman with her, but Aditya, now in love with her, bids her farewell.  Nine months later, Aditya’s company is now a lot more successful and Aditya is more positive about life, having been influenced by Geet. He launches a calling card in Geet's name, which her family sees on TV. Believing Geet and Aditya are together, her uncles angrily confront Aditya, revealing that Geet has not contacted them for nine months and they have no idea where she is. Baffled by this revelation, Aditya promises that he will bring her back. He travels to Manali to meet Anshuman and discovers that Anshuman coldly rejected Geet the day Aditya dropped her off at his house.  Having learned that Geet is in Shimla, Aditya travels there and is shocked to find her as a depressed and quiet schoolteacher. He cheers her up by making her call Anshuman and swear at him, taking out all her anger. Guilt-ridden, Anshuman asks to get back together. Geet reluctantly patches up with him after Aditya advises her, though she is visibly distressed. The three of them drive back to Bhatinda and to their shock, Geet's family welcomes Geet and Aditya as a couple since they believe the two eloped, taking Anshuman to be Aditya's friend. Geet sees how Aditya and her family get along while Anshuman is rather standoffish and annoyed by them. She gets a chance to tell her mom the truth about Anshuman but can’t bring herself to do it. The preparations for their wedding begin.  The next day, Anshuman explains to Geet how the two of them will go tell her family about him and remove Aditya from the picture. As an oncoming train drowns out his words, Geet has an epiphany - she loves Aditya and he is the one for her. She runs after Aditya, who is leaving, and declares her feelings and the two finally unite. They get married and have twin daughters.  The movie ends with Geet's grandfather telling her and Aditya's daughters that he knew that they both were in love with each other, and was able to see through their lies due to his experience in life.

Production.

Pre-production work on the film began in early 2007 when Shree Ashtavinayak Cinevision Ltd announced that director Imtiaz Ali would be directing the then real-life couple Shahid and Kareena Kapoor in their first "full-fledged romantic drama". When Ali began casting for the film, Preity Zinta was the director's first choice to portray the role of Geet Dhillon whilst actor Bobby Deol was the first choice for the role of Aditya Kashyap but Shahid replaced Bobby after Ali met him and discovered the actor was more than a poster boy, while when Preity refused to do the film the role went to Kareena. On the two lead actors, Ali commented, "I wanted a girl who could look natural in scenes where she misses the train. She had to be without make-up, someone who could be hyper, talkative and interesting but not irritating. I was never a fan of her [Kareena] and hadn't seen too many of her flicks, but I just knew Kareena was perfect as Geet [...] [On the other hand], When I met him [Shahid], I realised he wasn't the forgettable actor that he comes across in several of his movies. He has gone through a lot in life and that maturity had never been brought out. He was perfect for the role of a young, mature, quiet guy."  The film was shot throughout the Punjab region, and filming started on 20 March 2007 in Chandigarh and later headed to Shimla and Manali, where the crew filmed a song on the Himalayas and the Rohtang Pass. Manish Malhotra served as the costume designer. The summer shots in Punjab of the haveli were filmed in Nabha near Patiala. While shooting the last schedule of the film in Mumbai, sources had indicated that the lead pair had broken up. Though the media projected it as a publicity stunt for the film, it was later confirmed that the couple had indeed parted ways. The title of the film was decided by a popular vote; moviegoers had a choice between "Punjab Mail", "Ishq Via Bhatinda" ('Love via Bhatinda') and "Jab We Met".  To promote the film, the actors appeared separately on different television shows. Kareena Kapoor appeared as guest judge on the singing talent contest "Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Challenge 2007" whilst Shahid Kapoor appeared on "Amul STAR Voice of India" and "Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa"; they later appeared together on the television show "Nach Baliye". Apart from this, the producers also painted two full local trains in Mumbai from the Western and Central lines with "Jab We Met" imagery, where Shahid Kapoor chatted up with fellow passengers and informed them about the movie. On the night of 23 October 2007, a special preview of the film was organized at Yash Raj Studios in Mumbai for those associated with the film and their families.

Release.

Reception.

The film opened to positive reviews on 26 October 2007 with a fairly good opening of 70% all over India and later increased to 90% during the weekend. Making a total first week net business of 11.75 crores from 350 cinemas, the film went into the second week with very strong collections and saw a massive increase with 40%-50% increment in shows worldwide.  Continuing its strong march in week two with collections of over and a two-week total of, the film was declared a "hit". During its third week, "Jab We Met" managed to add another to its collections but suffered a setback due to the arrival of Farah Khan's "Om Shanti Om" and Sanjay Leela Bhansali's "Saawariya", which resulted in the number of shows for the film being reduced. Due to popular demand and the poor performance of the latter, the following week saw an increase in the number of prints for the film across the country, and resulted in a 50% increase of the film's collections. Completing fifty successful days at the box office on 14 December 2007, the film received a "hit" status by "BoxOffice India" and continued running successfully in cinemas with greater number of shows than the much later-released, "Om Shanti Om".  As of February 2008, "Jab We Met" has made a net business of over ₹710 million (US$10.9million), and has emerged as one of the biggest hits of the year. On 30 January 2008, it was announced that to celebrate the success of its 100 days run at the box office, PVR Cinemas in Delhi would have a special screening of the film on Valentine's Day.  Meanwhile, "Jab We Met" also opened well overseas especially in the U.K., where it was released a day before its worldwide release of 26 October. Debuting at number 10 in the U.K., the film grossed £11,488 on its previews night and £144,525 on its opening weekend, collecting a total of £156,013 from 31 screens. The film continued to do strong business and garnered excellent collections during its second week, making a two-week total of £325,996. Over the next five weeks, "Jab We Met" collected a total of £43,529 from 54 screens and made a grand total of £424,681.

Reviews.

Upon release, the film opened to positive reviews. Critics praised the film for its simplicity, its romance, saying that it was "one of the finest romantic films to come out of Bollywood in 2007". The film's direction and performances were particularly appreciated. Taran Adarsh from "indiaFM" gave the film a 3.5 out of 5 rating saying it is "as refreshing as an ice-cold watermelon juice in scorching heat." Subhash K. Jha wrote, "..."Jab We Met" is the kind of cinematic experience that is hard to come by in this day and age of smoky cynicism and borrowed rage." Rajeev Masand from "CNN-IBN", who gave the film 3 stars out of 5, described it as "a film bursting with the kind of lovely little moments that'll bring a smile to your face. Khaled Mohamed, of the "Hindustan Times", gave the film 3 out of 5 stars, saying the film, "is quite a delight, particularly for the chirpy-chirpy-cheep-cheep girl and the retentive, moan-groan boy. Directed with a flair for garnishing even the most abject of circumstances with humour and irony, here’s a feel-cool movie. Wonderful.  Most critics agreed that the main highlight of the film was the leading pair and Shahid and Kareena's chemistry. Rajeev Masand further explained, "The real magic of this film lies in the performances of its two main leads who seize your attention from the moment they first appear on screen." Taran Adarsh commented, "Shahid delivers his career-best performance in "Jab We Met"... Kareena is in top form as well. "Jab We Met" is a turning point in her career [personally as well as professionally]. Fantabulous -- that's the right word to describe her work this time. The confidence with which she handles the contrasting characterization speaks volumes. This film should do for her what "Kuch Kuch Hota Hai" (1998) did for Kajol." Subhash K. Jha approved the chemistry as well, "...there are sparks...and the ones between Kareena and Shahid are so unselfconsciously genuine that you end up looking at the characters rather than the two actors going through a series of brilliantly conceived and energized incidents..." "The Times of India" gave the film 4 out of 5 stars concluding, "The film belongs to Shahid and Kareena who pitch in memorable performances and lend a whole new meaning to the boy-meets-girl story." Joginder Tuteja from "indiaglitz.com" gave the film 3.5 out of 5 stars, described it as "Shahid-Kareena's "DDLJ"", and concluded that "...it would be a pain if any of the two actors do not get awarded and rewarded for their performances..."  Reviews towards the director, Imtiaz Ali, were favourable as well. "Indiatimes" wrote, "After his much appreciated "Socha Na Tha" (2004), Imtiaz goes bigger and better and the result is nothing but flying colours".

Legacy.

"Jab We Met" remains one of the most popular romantic films in Bollywood. The film helped bring Shahid Kapoor and Kareena Kapoor's acting careers to a whole new level. The couple was named onto "Bollywood Hungama"s list of the top 10 best romantic couples of the decade. Yahoo! Movies India listed the film as one of the Bollywood's top 10 most romantic movies. The film's remake is the Tamil film Kanden Kadhalai, the film's plot inspired the Hollywood film Leap Year and television show "Love U Zindagi".  Kareena Kapoor, who had before enjoyed only some success in her films, had catapulted herself to becoming one of Bollywood's superstars. Her character, Geet Dhillon, has become one of the most popular and recognizable heroines in Bollywood. She later went on to say about her role, "To play a character like 'Geet' doesn't happen all the time; it just happens. When you begin working on a film, you of course know about the story and your character. However, no one knows how audiences would eventually react to it. 'Geet' did strike a chord with the audiences and became a household name." Kareena Kapoor, for her performance, was ranked number 66 in "Filmfare" magazine's 80 Iconic Bollywood Performances list. According to Hindi Film News, she was number 5 in the critic's top ten and number 4 in the popular top ten for the finest performance by a Bollywood actress for the decade. She was also named by Rediff as one of Bollywood's most beloved characters.

DVD.

On 7 December 2007, the film was officially released on DVD in the U.S., U.K., UAE and other international markets. A single disc collector's item in an enclosed box, the DVD contained English, Portuguese, Arabic, and Spanish subtitles.  In India, "Jab We Met"s DVD was released on 29 January in a single as well as an exclusive twin DVD pack with a price of under Rs. 50. While the film's duration is 138 minutes, the additional DVD in a twin pack also has 20 minutes of special features of the film's making directed by Nazar Abbas.

Music.

Score.

The score was composed and produced by Sanjoy Chowdhury.

Songs.

The film featured songs composed by Pritam Chakraborty with lyrics by Irshad Kamil. "Aaoge Jab Tum is Composed by Sandesh Shandilya and lyrics penned by Faaiz Anwar, the film's soundtrack was released on 21 September 2007 by lead actress, Kareena Kapoor on the musical show "Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Challenge 2007". Joginder Tuteja from "IndiaFM" gave the music 3.5 out of 5 stars saying, "In 2007, Pritam may have been come up with good music in number of films [...] But if there is one album that impresses most after "Life in a... Metro" and turns out to be most satisfying experience, it is "Jab We Met". The album is a perfect example of how to get a quality soundtrack which mixes songs for different segments of audience." Movietalkies.com rated the album 4 out of 5 stars, describing the album as "certainly one of the better albums that have come out this year... Pritam has shown a depth and width of imagination in the manner in which he has used so many different genres and mixed them together to create a fascinating journey of music." The film's soundtrack debuted at number 8 and later jumped up to number 5 during its second week. Over the next several weeks, the album steadily began climbing up the music charts and saw the album sales increase after the film's release. During the week of 19 November the album replaced the soundtrack of "Om Shanti Om" and moved up to number 1 but fell back to number 2 the following week. Despite competition from the release of newer soundtracks, the album stayed at the top for over nine weeks. According to the Indian trade website Box Office India, with around 19,00,000 units sold, this film's soundtrack album was the year's second highest-selling.  "Jab We Met"'s soundtrack was featured on Rediff's and IndiaFM's year-end list of "2007's Top 10 Music Albums".

Awards and nominations.

Below is a complete list showing the awards and nominations "Jab We Met" received:

Jab We Met (English: "When We Met") is a 2007 Indian romantic comedy film written and directed by Imtiaz Ali. The film, produced by Dhillin Mehta under Shree Ashtavinayak Cinevision Ltd, stars Kareena Kapoor and Shahid Kapoor in their fourth film together with Dara Singh, Pavan Malhotra and Saumya Tandon in supporting roles.

Jab We Met – Als ich Dich traf (Originaltitel: "Jab We Met", Hindi:जब वी मेट, übersetzt: "Als wir uns trafen") ist ein erfolgreicher Hindi-Film aus dem Jahr 2007.