History.

The beginnings of the SED trace back to the establishment of the Erdbebenkommission in 1878. In 1911 the first earthquake surveillance station of Switzerland was established in Degenried near Zurich. Three years later (1914), the earthquake monitoring mandate was defined in a federal law. Thus, what had been a voluntary activity was transformed into an institution. 1957 the federal assembly agrees on a federal law which puts the SED under the wing of the ETH Zurich (Institute of Geophysics). In its present form as a nondepartmental unit of ETH Zurich, the SED has been in existence since 2009.

Earthquake monitoring.

More than 200 seismic monitoring stations installed and serviced by the SED constantly monitor earthquake activity in Switzerland and its neighboring countries. All stations operate high-dynamic-range sensors with wide frequency bandwidths and are digitised on modern 24- or 26-bit data loggers, which stream data in real time, targeting minimum latency. Any data that arrives in Zurich are managed and processed by SED. By assessing its quality, SED ensures that the data are ready to use to produce an Earthquake Catalogue and in downstream research. The processing center in Zurich acquires data recorded in Switzerland from two different sources:  Although the main focus lies on Switzerland, SED also develops techniques that can be applied elsewhere and teaming up with agencies around the world to develop, install and monitor systems. Furthermore, SED is working closely together with other seismological services in immediate neighboring countries.

Earthquake hazard in Switzerland.

In comparison with other European countries Switzerland faces a medium seismic hazard, but there are regional differences: In Valais, Basel, the St. Gallen Rhine Valley, Mittelbünden, the Engadine, and Central Switzerland more earthquakes are registered than in other regions. However, earthquakes may occur anytime and anywhere in Switzerland. Between 1’000 and 1’500 earthquakes a year are recorded in Switzerland and its immediate neighboring countries. Actually, between 10 and 20 quakes a year are strong enough to be felt by citizens, usually those with a magnitude of 2.5 or above.  A strong earthquake with a magnitude of approximately 6 occurs every 50 to 100 years on average. The last time an earthquake of such magnitude was recorded was in 1946 near Sierre in Valais.<br> The strongest earthquake in Switzerland so far had a magnitude of approximately 6.6 and destroyed large parts of the city of Basel in 1356. If such an earthquake were to occur in Basel today, several thousand fatalities, tens of thousands of seriously and slightly injured people, and property damage on the order of approximately CHF 140 billion could be expected.  The best protection measures against the effects of an earthquake are an earthquake-resistant building design and securing objects that may topple. 90 percent of the buildings in Switzerland are not built to a seismic code, and it is not clear to what extent they could withstand a strong earthquake. Only few cantons have statutory regulations requiring adherence to construction standards for earthquake-resistant building.

Alert in case of an earthquake.

Earthquakes can neither be predicted nor prevented. However, the SED records the ground tremors around the clock. Within approximately 90 seconds details about the time, location, magnitude, and possible effects of an earthquake are displayed on the website www.seismo.ethz.ch. The SED automatically reports any noticeable earthquakes to the authorities and the media. At the same time, this information is transmitted to the SED's 24-hour on-call service via pager, e-mail, and SMS. This service is also available to the authorities and the media for further information about current earthquakes, and prepares background information that is published on the website. In case of earthquakes that cause major damage worldwide, the SED additionally informs the Swiss Humanitarian Aid Unit (SHA).

Research and teaching.

Besides earthquake monitoring and the assessment of seismic hazard, the researchers of the SED are involved in numerous national and international research projects, which are largely financed by third parties. This guarantees the permanent exchange of information across national borders. Fields in which the SED researchers are involved include, for example, glacial and engineering seismology, static seismology, induced seismic activity, as well as the monitoring of landslides and seismotectonics. The main aim of research conducted at the SED is to gain a clearer understanding of earthquakes and their consequences and thereby contribute towards improving the response to such natural hazards, which pose a threat worldwide. At the same time, SED seeks novel ways of using seismological methods to find out more about fundamental processes that shape the Earth. The training of junior researchers also plays an important role for the SED. This is done with lectures and seminars that are integral parts of the teaching program at ETH, as well as through the supervision of master's and doctoral theses.

Nuclear-test-ban treaty monitoring.

In 1996, the UN countries decided to draft an agreement on the ban of nuclear tests. An international monitoring system was established to control the adherence to this agreement. The SED contributes by supplying the authority in charge in Vienna with data recorded by the seismic station in the Davos region, which was constructed for exactly this purpose. For example, the seismic station already recorded the corresponding ground shaking twelve minutes after the nuclear test in North Korea in 2013.

The Swiss Seismological Service (,,, ) at ETH Zurich is the federal agency responsible for monitoring earthquakes in Switzerland and its neighboring countries and for assessing Switzerland's seismic hazard. When an earthquake happens, the SED informs the public, authorities, and the media about the earthquake's location, magnitude, and possible consequences. The activities of the SED are integrated in the federal action plan for earthquake precaution.

Der Schweizerische Erdbebendienst (SED) an der ETH Zürich ist die Fachstelle des Bundes für Erdbeben. In dessen Auftrag überwacht er die Erdbebenaktivität in der Schweiz sowie im grenznahen Ausland und beurteilt die Erdbebengefährdung in der Schweiz. Im Falle eines Erdbebens informiert der SED Öffentlichkeit, Behörden und Medien über den Ort, die Stärke und mögliche Auswirkungen. Die Aktivitäten des SED sind in das eidgenössische Massnahmenprogramm Erdbebenvorsorge eingebunden. Ausserdem betreibt er Forschung und Lehre und ist zuständig für die Schweizer Beteiligung an der internationalen Atomteststoppüberwachung.


Plot summary.

In the midst of the economic decline — following drought and the end of slavery — in the province of Bahia in Northeastern Brazil, the poor of the backlands are attracted by the charismatic figure and simple religious teachings of Antonio Conselheiro, called "The Counselor", who preaches that the end of the world is imminent and that the political chaos that surrounds the collapse of the Empire of Brazil and its replacement by a republic is the work of the devil.  Seizing a fazenda in an area blighted by economic decline at Canudos the Counselor's followers build a large town and repeatedly defeat growing military expeditions designed to remove them. As the state's violence against them increases, they too turn increasingly violent, even seizing the modern weapons deployed against them. In an epic final clash, a whole army is sent to extirpate Canudos and instigates a terrible and brutal battle with the poor while politicians of the old order see their world destroyed in the conflagration.

Analysis.

It is generally believed that Vargas Llosa's three milestone novels are "La Ciudad y Los Perros" ("The Time of the Hero"), "La Casa Verde" ("The Green House") and "Conversación en la Catedral" ("Conversation in the Cathedral"), though many critics agree that "The War of the End of the World" should also be included among these three. The author is famously known for considering this his most accomplished novel — an opinion shared by the Chilean novelist Roberto Bolaño, as well as the American critic Harold Bloom, who includes the novel in what he calls the "Western canon".  As he did later on with "La Fiesta Del Chivo" ("The Feast of the Goat"), Vargas Llosa tackles a huge number of characters and stories caught during a time of strife, interweaving these in way that gives us a picture of what it was to live in those times.

The War of the End of the World () is a 1981 novel written by Peruvian novelist Mario Vargas Llosa. It is a fictionalized account of the War of Canudos conflict in late 19th-century Brazil.

Der Krieg am Ende der Welt () ist ein Roman des peruanischen Literatur-Nobelpreisträgers Mario Vargas Llosa aus dem Jahr 1981. Der Autor widmete sein Werk dem brasilianischen Publizisten Euclides da Cunha. Dessen Buch „Krieg im Sertão“ () aus dem Jahr 1902 über den Krieg von Canudos diente Vargas Llosa als Vorlage für den Roman.


History.

is a natural mineral of the olivine family (triphylite). Arumugam Manthiram and John B. Goodenough first identified the polyanion class of cathode materials for lithium ion batteries. was then identified as a cathode material belonging to the polyanion class for use in batteries in 1996 by Padhi et al. Reversible extraction of lithium from and insertion of lithium into was demonstrated. Because of its low cost, non-toxicity, the natural abundance of iron, its excellent thermal stability, safety characteristics, electrochemical performance, and specific capacity (170 mA·h/g, or 610 C/g) it has gained considerable market acceptance.  The chief barrier to commercialization was its intrinsically low electrical conductivity. This problem was overcome by reducing the particle size, coating the particles with conductive materials such as carbon nanotubes, or both. This approach was developed by Michel Armand and his coworkers. Another approach by Yet Ming Chiang's group consisted of doping LFP with cations of materials such as aluminium, niobium, and zirconium. Products are now in mass production and are used in industrial products by major corporations including Black and Decker's DeWalt brand, the Fisker Karma, Daimler AG, Cessna and BAE Systems.  MIT introduced a new coating that allows the ions to move more easily within the battery. The "Beltway Battery" utilizes a bypass system that allows the lithium ions to enter and leave the electrodes at a speed great enough to fully charge a battery in under a minute. The scientists discovered that by coating lithium iron phosphate particles in a glassy material called lithium pyrophosphate, ions bypass the channels and move faster than in other batteries. Rechargeable batteries store and discharge energy as charged atoms (ions) are moved between two electrodes, the anode and the cathode. Their charge and discharge rate are restricted by the speed with which these ions move. Such technology could reduce the weight and size of the batteries. A small prototype battery cell has been developed that can fully charge in 10 to 20 seconds, compared with six minutes for standard battery cells.  Negative electrodes (anode, on discharge) made of petroleum coke were used in early lithium-ion batteries; later types used natural or synthetic graphite.

Advantages and disadvantages.

The battery uses a lithium-ion-derived chemistry and shares many advantages and disadvantages with other lithium-ion battery chemistries. However, there are significant differences.  LFP chemistry offers a longer cycle life than other lithium-ion approaches.  Like nickel-based rechargeable batteries (and unlike other lithium ion batteries), batteries have a very constant discharge voltage. Voltage stays close to 3.2 V during discharge until the cell is exhausted. This allows the cell to deliver virtually full power until it is discharged, and it can greatly simplify or even eliminate the need for voltage regulation circuitry.  Because of the nominal 3.2 V output, four cells can be placed in series for a nominal voltage of 12.8 V. This comes close to the nominal voltage of six-cell lead-acid batteries. Along with the good safety characteristics of LFP batteries, this makes LFP a good potential replacement for lead-acid batteries in applications such as automotive and solar applications, provided the charging systems are adapted not to damage the LFP cells through excessive charging voltages (beyond 3.6 volts DC per cell while under charge), temperature-based voltage compensation, equalisation attempts or continuous trickle charging. The LFP cells must be at least balanced initially before the pack is assembled and a protection system also needs to be implemented to ensure no cell can be discharged below a voltage of 2.5 V or severe damage will occur in most instances.  The use of phosphates avoids cobalt's cost and environmental concerns, particularly concerns about cobalt entering the environment through improper disposal.  The energy density (energy/volume) of a new LFP battery is some 14% lower than that of a new battery. Also, many brands of LFPs, as well as cells within a given brand of LFP batteries, have a lower discharge rate than lead-acid or. Since discharge rate is a percentage of battery capacity a higher rate can be achieved by using a larger battery (more ampere hours) if low-current batteries must be used. Better yet, a high current LFP cell (which will have a higher discharge rate than a lead acid or battery of the same capacity) can be used.  Compared to other lithium chemistries, LFP experiences much slower degradation when stored in a fully charged state. This makes LFP a good choice for standby use.

Safety.

One important advantage over other lithium-ion chemistries is thermal and chemical stability, which improves battery safety. is an intrinsically safer cathode material than and manganese spinel, through omission of the cobalt, with its negative temperature coefficient of resistance that can encourage thermal runaway. The P–O bond in the ion is stronger than the Co–O bond in the ion, so that when abused (short-circuited, overheated, etc.), the oxygen atoms are released more slowly. This stabilization of the redox energies also promotes faster ion migration.  As lithium migrates out of the cathode in a cell, the undergoes non-linear expansion that affects the structural integrity of the cell. The fully lithiated and unlithiated states of are structurally similar which means that cells are more structurally stable than cells.  No lithium remains in the cathode of a fully charged cell. (In a cell, approximately 50% remains.) is highly resilient during oxygen loss, which typically results in an exothermic reaction in other lithium cells. As a result, cells are harder to ignite in the event of mishandling (especially during charge). The battery does not decompose at high temperatures.

Uses.

Transportation.

Higher discharge rates needed for acceleration, lower weight and longer life makes this battery type ideal for forklifts, bicycles and electric cars. 12V LiFePO batteries are also gaining popularity as a second (house) battery for a caravan, motor-home or boat.

Solar-powered lighting systems.

Single "14500" (AA battery–sized) LFP cells are now used in some solar-powered landscape lighting instead of 1.2 V NiCd/NiMH.  LFP's higher (3.2 V) working voltage lets a single cell drive an LED without circuitry to step up the voltage. Its increased tolerance to modest overcharging (compared to other Li cell types) means that can be connected to photovoltaic cells without circuitry to halt the recharge cycle. The ability to drive an LED from a single LFP cell also obviates battery holders, and thus the corrosion, condensation and dirt issues associated with products using multiple removable rechargeable batteries.  By 2013, better solar-charged passive infrared security lamps emerged. As AA-sized LFP cells have a capacity of only 600 mAh (while the lamp's bright LED may draw 60 mA), the units shine for at most 10 hours. However, if triggering is only occasional, such units may be satisfactory even charging in low sunlight, as lamp electronics ensure after-dark "idle" currents of under 1 mA.

Other uses.

Many home EV conversions use the large format versions as the car's traction pack. With the efficient power-to-weight ratios, high safety features and the chemistry's resistance to thermal runaway, there are few barriers for use by amateur home "makers". Motorhomes are often converted to lithium iron phosphate because of the high draw.  Some electronic cigarettes use these types of batteries. Other applications include flashlights, radio-controlled models, portable motor-driven equipment, amateur radio equipment, industrial sensor systems and emergency lighting.

The lithium iron phosphate battery ( battery) or LFP battery ("lithium ferrophosphate"), is a type of lithium-ion battery using as the cathode material, and a graphitic carbon electrode with a metallic backing as the anode. The energy density of is lower than that of lithium cobalt oxide () chemistry, and also has a lower operating voltage. The main drawback of is its low electrical conductivity. Therefore, all the cathodes under consideration are actually /C. Because of low cost, low toxicity, well-defined performance, long-term stability, etc. is finding a number of roles in vehicle use, utility scale stationary applications, and backup power.

Der Lithium-Eisenphosphat-Akkumulator ist eine Ausführung eines Lithium-Ionen-Akkumulators mit einer Zellenspannung von 3,2 V bzw. 3,3 V. Die positive Elektrode besteht aus Lithium-Eisenphosphat (LiFePO) anstelle von herkömmlichem Lithium-Cobalt(III)-oxid (LiCoO). Die negative Elektrode besteht aus Graphit (hartem Kohlenstoff) mit eingelagertem Lithium. Ein solcher Akkumulator hat gegenüber dem herkömmlichen eine geringere Energiedichte, neigt aber – auch bei mechanischer Beschädigung – nicht zu thermischem Durchgehen.


Characteristics.

Mass, radius and temperature.

Gliese 667 Cc is a super-Earth, an exoplanet with a mass and radius greater than that of Earth, but smaller than that of the giant planets Uranus and Neptune. It is heavier than Earth with a minimum mass of about 3.7 Earth masses. The equilibrium temperature of Gliese 667 Cc is estimated to be. It is expected to have a radius of around 1.5, dependent upon its composition.

Host star.

The planet orbits a red dwarf (M-type) star named Gliese 667 C, orbited by a total of two planets. The star is part of a trinary star system, with Gliese 667 A and B both being more massive than the smaller companion. Gilese 667 C has a mass of 0.31 and a radius of 0.42. It has a temperature of 3700 K, but its age is poorly constrained, estimates place it greater than 2 billion years old. In comparison, the Sun is 4.6 billion years old and has a surface temperature of 5778 K. This star is radiating only 1.4% of the Sun's luminosity from its outer atmosphere. It is known to have a system of two planets: claims have been made for up to seven, but these may be in error due to failure to account for correlated noise in the radial velocity data. Since red dwarfs emit little ultraviolet light, the planets likely receive minimal amounts of ultraviolet radiation.  Gliese 667 Cc is the second confirmed planet out from Gliese 667 C, orbiting along the middle of the habitable zone. From its surface, the star would have an angular diameter of 1.24 degrees and would appear to be 2.3 times the visual diameter of our Sun as it appears from the surface of the Earth. Gliese 667 C would have a visual area 5.4 times greater than that of the Sun but would still only occupy 0.003 percent of Gliese 667 Cc's sky sphere or 0.006 percent of the visible sky when directly overhead.  The apparent magnitude of the star is 10.25, giving it an absolute magnitude of about 11.03. It is too dim to be seen from Earth with the naked eye, and even smaller telescopes cannot resolve it against the brighter light from Gliese 667 A and B.

Orbit.

The orbit of Gliese 667Cc has a semi-major axis of 0.1251 astronomical units, making its year 28.155 Earth-days long. Based on its host star's bolometric luminosity, GJ 667 Cc would receive 90% of the light Earth does; however, a good part of that electromagnetic radiation would be in the invisible infrared part of the spectrum.

Habitability.

Based on black body temperature calculation, GJ 667 Cc should absorb similar but slightly more overall electromagnetic radiation than Earth, making it a little bit warmer () and consequently placing it slightly closer to the "hot" inner edge of the habitable zone than Earth (). According to PHL, Gliese 667 Cc is (as of July 2018) the fourth most Earth-like exoplanet located in the conservative habitable zone of its parent star.  Its host star is a red dwarf, with about a third as much mass as the Sun. As a result, stars like Gliese 667 C have the ability to live up to 100–150 billion years, 10–15 times longer than the Sun will live.  The planet is likely tidally locked, with one side of its hemisphere permanently facing towards the star, while the opposite side is shrouded in eternal darkness. However, between these two intense areas, there would be a sliver of habitability – called the terminator line, where the temperatures may be suitable (about ) for liquid water to exist. Additionally, a much larger portion of the planet may be habitable if it supports a thick enough atmosphere to transfer heat to the side facing away from the star.  However, in a 2013 paper, it was revealed that Gliese 667 Cc is subject to tidal heating 300 times that of Earth. This in part is due to its small eccentric orbit around the host star. Because of this, the chances of habitability may be lower than originally estimated.

Discovery.

Gliese 667 Cc was first announced in a pre-print made public on 21 November 2011 by the European Southern Observatory's High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) group using the radial velocity method (Doppler method). The announcement of a refereed journal report came on 2 February 2012 by researchers at the University of Göttingen and the Carnegie Institution for Science and backing up the ESO HARPS group discovery.

In fiction.

Gliese 667 Cc features in the story "The Audience" by Sean McMullen in the June 2015 issue of "Analog Science Fiction and Fact". In the "Alien vs. Predator" franchise, Gliese 667 Cc was the first planet to be terraformed, being done so by the Weyland Corporation in 2039. It is also mentioned in the 2015 novel "Not Alone" by Craig A. Falconer. This planet is also featured in "Arkwright".

Gliese 667 Cc (also known as GJ 667Cc, HR 6426Cc, or HD 156384Cc) is an exoplanet orbiting within the habitable zone of the red dwarf star Gliese 667 C, which is a member of the Gliese 667 triple star system, approximately 23.62 light-years (6.8 parsecs, or about 217,000,000,000,000 km) away in the constellation of Scorpius. The exoplanet was found by using the radial velocity method, from radial-velocity measurements via observation of Doppler shifts in the spectrum of the planet's parent star.

Gliese 667 Cc (auch GJ 667 Cc) ist ein Exoplanet, der den Roten Zwerg Gliese 667 C im Dreifach-Sternsystem Gliese 667 im Sternbild Skorpion umrundet. Der Exoplanet hat eine Mindestmasse von wenigen Erdmassen und liegt in der habitablen Zone. Das System ist 6,8 Parsec bzw. 22,1 Lichtjahre von der Erde entfernt und enthält neben Gliese 667 Cc noch mindestens einen weiteren Planeten: Gliese 667 Cb.


History.

The first European contact with the district occurred when Captain Tobias Furneaux sighted and named the 694 metre St Patrick's Head in 1773. The early settlement of Van Diemen's Land, which mostly occurred between Hobart and George Town, took little interest in the St Marys area.  It wasn't until the 1840s that a probation station, housing 300 convicts, was built at Grassy Bottom between the town and St Marys Pass. They were assigned to build the road across the mountains to the east coast. This was done between 1843 and 1846.  The arrival of the railway in 1886 led to the town's increasing importance as a service centre. The Elephant Pass route was completed in 1888, which resulted in goods moving across the mountains to the east coast settlements of Bicheno and Chain of Lagoons. In turn this resulted in a small increase in population as the town became a service centre for the surrounding dairy farms.  "St. Patrick's Head" Post Office opened on 1 June 1835. It was renamed "Cullenswood" in 1849 and "St Marys" in 1869.  The railway line which was once so vital to the health of the town is now closed although the railway station still stands.

Tourism.

St Marys is close to several local attractions, including a trail to the top of St Patricks Head, or the more accessible South Sister Peak, which have forest and coastal views. There are also views from Elephant Pass.  The Coalminers' Heritage Wall and Heritage Walk at the tiny settlement of Cornwall is a monument to the miners who hand-tunnelled a coal mine beneath the Mount Nicholas Range.  Tourists also visit the nearby waterfalls, fish at Lake Leake or go bushwalking in Douglas Apsley National Park. Christ Church is an unusual little church standing in the middle of fields a few kilometres to the west of St Marys. The church was built in 1847 and was connected with the large property, 'Cullenswood', which was established in the late 1820s by Robert Vincent Legge who arrived in Van Diemen's Land in 1827. The main residence, 'Cullenswood', was built in 1845 and is located on Cornwall Road off the Esk Main Road. It is a two-storey rubblestone Georgian building with a columned verandah and iron-hipped roof. It is not open for inspection.  In December 2006, bushfires ravaged the nearby area.

St Marys is a small township nestled at the junction of the Tasman Highway and the Esk Highway on the East Coast of Tasmania, Australia approximately 10 kilometres (six miles) from the coast.

St. Marys ist eine Kleinstadt im Nordosten des australischen Bundesstaates Tasmanien. Sie liegt am Abzweig der Elephant Pass Road (A4) vom Esk Highway (A4), ca. 10 km von der Ostküste der Insel entfernt. Die Entfernung nach Hobart beträgt 240 km, die nach Launceston 130 km.


20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1916 film)

Plot.

A strange giant "sea monster" has been rampaging the seas. The American naval ship "Abraham Lincoln" is sent to investigate, but is rammed by the "monster" which turns out to be "The Nautilus", the fantastic submarine of the enigmatic Captain Nemo, and "Rudderless, the 'Abraham Lincoln' drifts on". Then, in "A strange rescue" he guides the sub to surface under those pitched overboard and his crew take them, including Professor Pierre Aronnax and his daughter (both of whom are French) below through a hatch in the surface of the deck. After they pledge not to escape, Nemo shows them the wonders of the underwater world, and even takes them hunting on the sea floor.  Meanwhile, soldiers in a runaway Union Army Balloon are marooned on a mysterious island not far from the submarine. They find a wild girl living alone on the island ("a child of nature").  The yacht of Charles Denver arrives at the island. A former Indian colonial officer, he has been haunted by the ghost of a woman (Princess Daaker) that he attacked years ago; she stabbed herself rather than submit to him. He fled with her young daughter and then abandoned the child on the island. The long-tormented Denver has returned to see what became of her.  One of the Union soldiers schemes and kidnaps the wild girl onto Denver's yacht. Another soldier swims aboard to rescue her. At the same time, Nemo discovers that the yacht belongs to Denver, the enemy he has been seeking all these years. The Nautilus destroys the yacht with a torpedo, but the girl and her rescuer are saved from the water by Captain Nemo.  In elaborate flashback scenes to India, Nemo reveals that he is Prince Daaker, and that he created the Nautilus to seek revenge on Charles Denver. He is overjoyed to discover that the abandoned wild girl is his long-lost daughter, but his emotion is such that he expires. His loyal crew bury him at the ocean bottom. They disband and the Nautilus is left to drift.

Production.

This was the first motion picture filmed underwater. The underwater scenes were photographed by the Williamson Submarine Film Corporation in the Bahamas. Actual underwater cameras were not used, but a system of watertight tubes and mirrors allowed the camera to shoot reflected images of underwater scenes staged in shallow sunlit waters.  The film was made by The Universal Film Manufacturing Company (now Universal Pictures), not then known as a major motion picture studio. Yet in 1916, they financed this film's innovative special effects, location photography, large sets, exotic costumes, sailing ships, and full-size navigable mock-up of the surfaced submarine "Nautilus". The film took two years to make, at a cost of $500,000. Hal Erickson has said that "the cost of this film was so astronomical that it could not possibly post a profit, putting the kibosh on any subsequent Verne adaptations for the next 12 years".

20,000 Leagues Under the Sea is a 1916 American silent film directed by Stuart Paton. The film's storyline is based on the 1870 novel "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea" by Jules Verne. It also incorporates elements from Verne's "The Mysterious Island".

20.000 Meilen unter dem Meer ist ein US-amerikanischer Stummfilm aus dem Jahr 1916. Anders als die berühmtere Verfilmung gleichen Titels aus dem Jahr 1954 orientiert sich diese Fassung nicht nur an der Romanvorlage Jules Vernes. Stattdessen werden Motive aus 20.000 Meilen unter dem Meer und Vernes Roman Die geheimnisvolle Insel verwoben.


Biography.

Early life and education.

Joseph Estabrook attended St. Bonaventure University (in Olean, New York), the Seminary of Christ the King (in East Aurora, New York), where he earned a Master's degree in Divinity, and the Jesuit School Of Theology (Berkeley, California).

Ordination and ministry.

Estabrook was ordained to the priesthood by Bishop Edwin Broderick on May 30, 1969. He then served as associate pastor at St. Vincent de Paul Parish in Albany until 1970, and as director of the Diocesan Family Life Bureau from 1970 to 1977.

Military chaplain.

Estabrook entered the chaplaincy of the United States Navy on July 4, 1977, and then served as chaplain at the Naval Hospital in Jacksonville, Florida until 1978. He served at Naval Station Mayport (1978–1980) and at Marine Corps Base (1980–1982) before studying at the Armed Forces Staff College in Norfolk, Virginia. He worked in recruitment and endorsing at the Navy Chief of Chaplains Office from 1983 to 1986.  Estabrook was a chaplain aboard the USS "Carl Vinson" from 1986 to 1988, whence he was transferred to the US Naval Hospital in Oakland, California. From 1988 to 1989, he studied ethics at the Jesuit School of Theology at Berkeley. He was a chaplain at the Naval Air Station Sigonella (1989–1991) and a basic course officer at the Navy Chaplain School aboard Naval Education and Training Command in Newport, Rhode Island (1991–1994) before serving as Executive Assistant to the Navy Chief of Chaplains at the Department of Navy from 1994 to 1997. He served as U.S. Pacific Fleet Chaplain aboard Naval Station Pearl Harbor from 1997-2000, and served at Marine Corps Base Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii from 2000 to 2004.

Auxiliary Bishop for the Military Services.

On May 7, 2004, Estabrook was appointed Auxiliary Bishop of the Armed Forces and Titular Bishop of "Flenucleta" by Pope John Paul II. He received his episcopal consecration on the following July 3 from Archbishop Edwin O'Brien, with Bishops Howard Hubbard and William Weigand serving as co-consecrators, at the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception.  He retired from the Navy on June 17, 2004, as Captain. He was awarded two Meritorious Service Medals and Navy Commendation Medals, and three Legion of Merit Medals. He was Fourth Degree Knight of Columbus and a Knight of the Holy Sepulchre.

Death.

Estabrook died in Houston, Texas on February 4, 2012, aged 67.

Joseph Walter Estabrook (May 19, 1944, Kingston, New York – February 4, 2012, Houston, Texas) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese for the Military Services and also Titular Bishop of Flenucleta.

Joseph Walter Estabrook (* 19. Mai 1944 in Kingston, New York; † 4. Februar 2012 in Houston, Texas) war ein US-amerikanischer Geistlicher und römisch-katholischer Weihbischof im US-amerikanischen Militärordinariat.


Plot.

Charlie McCready (Bob Crane) tries to wrest his daughter Wendy (Kathleen Cody) from her childhood friends, whom he believes have no ambition. He especially disapproves of her boyfriend, Bart (Kurt Russell). Initially he makes a few attempts to bridge the generation gap, but to no avail. For instance, he attempts to impress his daughter's friends by trying his hand at beach volleyball and water skiing, but both attempts result in humiliating accidents. Late in the summer, Wendy receives a letter informing her that she's won a full scholarship to her parents' alma mater, Huntington College. Unbeknownst to her, the letter is fake; her father has paid the first year's tuition himself, and had a friend at the college send the letter to her. He did this so Wendy would not attend City College with Bart and her other friends.  Charlie later visits Wendy at Huntington, and discovers that the college has changed considerably since he attended there. Wendy later discovers his plot, and joins the campus counterculture as a way of getting even. She inadvertently becomes engaged to a hippie artist named Klutch. Charlie attempts to intervene on her behalf, and ends up in a fistfight with Klutch. Wendy's boyfriend Bart comes to the rescue. At this point, Charlie learns that Bart had turned down a scholarship to City College so he could be near Wendy. The movie ends with Wendy's marriage to Bart.

Television.

The film appeared on an episode of "The Wonderful World of Disney".

Home media.

The film was released on the VHS and Betamax formats during the 1980s. It was released on DVD exclusively to members of the Disney Movie Club on June 1, 2008.  It has also been released on the digital format.

In other media.

A poster for "Superdad" can be seen in a subway car in the original 1974 version of the film "Death Wish."  "Superdad" was featured in the biographical film "Auto Focus", with Bob Crane (Greg Kinnear) seeing his role as the leading man in this Disney film as a way to revive his career following the retirement of his hit series "Hogan's Heroes." Footage of the film is shown where Crane is on water skis (Kinnear in a re-shoot of that scene), along with a voice-over of how "Superdad" sat on the shelves for a year before flopping at the box office.

Superdad is a 1973 American comedy film by Walt Disney Productions starring Bob Crane, Barbara Rush, Kurt Russell, Joe Flynn, and Kathleen Cody. Directed by Vincent McEveety, the film marks the motion picture debut of Bruno Kirby.

Superdad – Papa ist der Größte (Originaltitel: "Superdad") ist eine US-amerikanische Filmkomödie aus dem Jahr 1973. Es ist der erste von zwei Disney-Filmen, in denen Bob Crane mitspielte.


Design.

Before the start of the season, it was reported that the team were in no hurry to copy the reactive ride-height system developed by Lotus into the design of the RB8. Team principal Christian Horner stated that "things have to work as a package rather than as individual components". The system was later banned by the FIA. Like most 2012-specification cars, the RB8 features a'stepped-nose' to conform with new regulations to improve safety in the event of a collision with another car. The RB8 features a slot cut into the step of the nose section, although Adrian Newey claimed this has no use other than to aid cooling for the driver.  Sebastian Vettel, who (since joining Scuderia Toro Rosso) makes it a habit to give his racing cars names, named his RB8 'Abbey'. Its name is based neither on his favourite band's album "Abbey Road", nor on the famous Silverstone corner. According to him, "it's just a cool name".  At the 2012 British Grand Prix, the livery featured 25,000 fan-submitted images for Wings For Life Foundation.

Legality.

The legality of the RB8 would become an ongoing theme as the 2012 season progressed. Before the Monaco Grand Prix, several teams complained over the legality of a slot in the rear floor of the RB8. However, Red Bull dismissed claims and pointed out that the hole was within the regulations, as the part in question has been introduced at the Bahrain Grand Prix and had subsequently passed every scrutineering session. Nevertheless, the FIA passed regulation changes before the Canadian Grand Prix that outlawed the use of a hole in the floor, forcing the team to change its design.  The team was involved in a second, more serious dispute at the German Grand Prix when FIA Technical Delegate Jo Bauer referred the team to the race stewards over what he felt was an illegal throttle map. The 2011 season saw teams produce more downforce by programming their engines to force more air through the exhaust and over the diffuser. This practice was banned for 2012, with the regulations dictating the position of the exhaust outlet and requiring teams to observe a linear relationship between the degree to which the throttle was opened and the amount of torque being produced by the car. Red Bull were accused of abusing this relationship in medium-speed corners, allowing their throttle to be more open than it should be for the amount of torque being produced. This would allow more air to flow through the engine and out the exhaust, which was angled to direct exhaust gasses towards the diffuser. Although the effect was less than that created in 2011, Bauer felt that this practice had the potential to produce more downforce, and even serve as a rudimentary form of traction control if applied under certain conditions. The race stewards cleared Red Bull of any wrongdoing, stating that the team had not broken any of the rules, and the team was permitted to start the race. However, the FIA passed further regulation changes ahead of the Hungarian Grand Prix, once again forcing Red Bull to make changes to their car.  A third dispute came less than a week later, as the teams prepared to race in Hungary. Red Bull were accused of having illegally made changes to the ride height of their car while under parc fermé conditions at the Canadian Grand Prix after the FIA asked them to make changes to the RB8. The technical regulations at the time dictated that any adjustments to the ride height of the car must be made with the use of a tool, but the FIA had requested that the team change a part of the car that would enable them to change the front ride height by hand. Team principal Christian Horner admitted that the team had been asked to change the offending part, but denied that the team had illegally changed the front ride height of their cars after qualifying for the race.

Season review.

After three pre-season tests, one in Jerez and two in Barcelona, the RB8 arrived at the opening round of the 2012 Formula One season and its first race - the. Webber and Vettel qualified the car on the third row of the grid, setting the fifth and sixth fastest times respectively. During the race their pace improved in comparison to the other cars, allowing Vettel to finish second, and Webber fourth. At the following round, in Malaysia, the cars had a similar qualifying performance to Australia, but wet weather prevented them from replicating the previous race result. Vettel, running in fourth place with a handful of laps to go, was involved in a collision which resulted in a puncture, placing him outside the points. Webber inherited the fourth place. The had a difficult qualifying in store for the RB8, in which Webber was seventh and Vettel ended up down in eleventh place. The two drivers gained places in the race though, with Webber overtaking Vettel on the final lap to take fourth place, leaving Vettel fifth. The 2012 Bahrain Grand Prix was the race at which the RB8 took its first pole position and victory, both courtesy of Vettel. He led all of the race, excluding the pit stop phases, despite pressure from the two Lotus cars. Webber, after qualifying third, finished the race behind these two cars to take his fourth successive fourth place in as many races. The result of the race moved Vettel into the lead of the Drivers' Championship and Red Bull into the lead of the Constructors' Championship for the first time in the season.  The was the first race after the only allowed in-season test at the Mugello Circuit. The RB8 did not enjoy a weekend as successful as its last though, with Webber starting the race eleventh and Vettel seventh. Webber finished in the same place he started and Vettel gained one place to finish sixth after both drivers had to pit for the pit crew to replace the front wings on their cars due to a problem. Two weeks later at the, things were looking far better for the team, as Webber took pole position after Michael Schumacher was penalised. Vettel, for the second race in succession, intentionally did not complete a full timed lap in the final part of qualifying, and started ninth. Webber eventually won the race to take the team's third successive win in the principality, while Vettel moved up to fourth and finished just 1.3 seconds behind the winner. Despite Webber becoming the sixth driver to win a race in the first six races, and the RB8 becoming the only car to win multiple races, it was becoming clearer who the team's rivals for the championship title would be. The McLaren MP4-27, the Ferrari F2012, the Mercedes F1 W03 and the Lotus E20 joined the RB8 near the top of the Constructors' Championship, and looked likely to make a bid for the title; other cars like the Williams FW34 and the Sauber C31 had produced good results, but looked unlikely to make a title challenge. Also, as a consequence of the race, Vettel lost his lead in the Drivers' championship. After the FIA had deemed a hole in the floor of the RB8 illegal, the team had arrived at the with a slightly altered car. Vettel qualified on pole position, and after a close fight with Hamilton and Alonso for the majority of the race, finished fourth after making an extra stop due to poor tyre degradation. Webber encountered similar problems and dropped to seventh after starting fourth. Hamilton became the seventh winner in seven races and took over the lead in the drivers' standings as a result. At the following race, the, Vettel qualified in pole position for the third time in 2012, three tenths faster than Hamilton. Webber qualified in a lowly nineteenth position, but fought back during the race to finish an impressive fourth; Vettel retired from the lead on lap 33, with an alternator failure which would become a recurring issue for Renault engines and particularly the RB8, having led the whole race up to that point. At the, Webber qualified in second and Vettel was fourth at a wet Silverstone, where new championship leader Alonso took his first pole position of the season. Webber overtook Alonso for the lead of the race with a handful of laps remaining and Vettel finished in third place after losing ground at the start and making it back up to finish 5 seconds behind Webber. The at the Hockenheimring was won by Alonso from pole position. Vettel and Webber qualified well behind him in second and third respectively, but Webber dropped down to eighth throughout the race. Vettel was running in third place in the closing moments of the race when he made a controversial manoeuvre around the outside of Jenson Button to take second place, where he appeared on the podium. After the race, however, Vettel was issued a penalty which dropped him to fifth because his car was completely off the track during the overtake. The 2012 Hungarian Grand Prix was the eleventh and last round of the season before the Summer break. Hamilton qualified in pole position and won the race, whilst Vettel started third, but finished fourth and Webber started eleventh and finished eighth. This left Webber and Vettel second and third in the Drivers' Championship, only two points apart but forty adrift of Alonso. Hamilton and Räikkönen also remained title contenders with Button slipping further behind. Red Bull led the Constructors' Championship and were firm favourites holding a 53-point lead over McLaren. Lotus and Ferrari were also contenders as both were within 3 points of McLaren; Mercedes's poor mid season had left them trailing.  Over one month later, Formula One returned to Spa-Francorchamps for the. Vettel missed out on Q3 and qualified in eleventh for the second time in 2012, whilst Webber did slightly better to take eighth. Starting tenth on the grid, Vettel moved up to second during the race helped by a large collision at the start. Webber finished sixth as polesitter Button took the race victory, showing an improved McLaren pace. This improved pace in the RB8's main rival continued at the as Hamilton took the McLaren MP4-27 to its third successive victory. After Vettel and Webber took sixth and eleventh respectively during qualifying, the team suffered their first double retirement since the 2010 Korean Grand Prix. Vettel suffered another alternator failure and Webber spun violently at the Ascari chicane, with the resultant damage to his tyres sending vibrations through the car that forced him to retire. Red Bull arrived in Singapore with a new "double-DRS" device fitted on the car. The system had been used by Mercedes near the start of the season, causing a stir due to an effect it created similar to that of the F-duct system, banned after season. The teams unanimously agreed to ban its use for the 2013 season after the, but despite this Lotus made a version which they attempted to use before Red Bull. McLaren still looked to have a strong car with Hamilton in pole. Vettel and Webber qualified third and seventh respectively, and after Hamilton's gearbox failed when he was leading the race, Vettel inherited the victory. Webber finished in eleventh after taking a time penalty and losing the tenth place slot he initially finished in. The RB8, like the previous three of its predecessors, seemed very well suited the Suzuka Circuit at the. Vettel took pole position and Webber qualified second to take the team's first row lock-out of the season. Vettel led every lap of the race, and set the fastest lap, to become the first driver to take successive wins in the 2012 season. Webber lost one place at the first corner and then was spun by Romain Grosjean meaning he had to fight his way through the grid to finish ninth. As a consequence of Alonso's retirement at the start, Vettel narrowed the gap between himself and the Ferrari driver from 29 to just 4 points in the drivers' standings with 5 races remaining. Webber remained just in contention behind Räikkönen and Hamilton. Red Bull remained a healthy lead in the Constructors' standings over McLaren and Ferrari.  At the, the Red Bull cars once again achieved a front row lock-out, except the cars were reversed with Webber in pole position. Vettel took the lead at the first corner, though, and took the victory and a 6-point championship lead whilst Webber completed a 1-2. Vettel's main rival for the title, Alonso, finished third in a Ferrari with improved pace, but was still at a disadvantage in terms of pace to Red Bull and McLaren. At the, Vettel took pole and Webber qualified second to take the team's third successive front row lock-out. It was the first time Red Bull had done this, and the first time anyone had since. Vettel led the race from start to finish, as he had done in Japan and Korea, and took his fourth consecutive win and his fifth of the season. Webber remained in second place for the majority of the race, but Alonso overtook him after he suffered a KERS problem near the end of the race. Webber held off Hamilton in the final two laps to remain on the podium.

Complete Formula One results.

Driver failed to finish the race, but was classified as they had completed greater than 90% of the race distance.

The Red Bull RB8 is a Formula One racing car designed by Red Bull Racing which competed in the 2012 Formula One season. The car was driven by reigning World Drivers' Champion Sebastian Vettel, and Mark Webber, with former Scuderia Toro Rosso driver Sébastien Buemi filling the role of test driver. The car was launched online on 6 February, and made its debut at the first pre-season test at Jerez.

Der Red Bull RB8 ist der achte Formel-1-Rennwagen von Red Bull Racing. Er wurde in der Formel-1-Saison 2012 eingesetzt, Motorenlieferant war wie im Vorjahr Renault. Am 6. Februar 2012 wurde er auf der Teamwebsite vorgestellt. Mit diesem Rennwagen verteidigte Sebastian Vettel seinen Weltmeistertitel, sowie Red Bull die Konstrukteursmeisterschaft.


Life and career.

Beginnings, election to parliament and ministerial post.

According to Ponta, his family, originally called "Ponte", originated in Trieste, and reached Transylvania around the turn of the 20th century, in order to help build a road from Pecica to Nădlac commissioned by the Austro-Hungarian authorities. Meanwhile, he has also claimed ancestry in the Albanian village of Moscopole, and this has been described as Aromanian descent on the maternal side. Victor Ponta was born in Bucharest, completing secondary studies in 1991 at the city's Ion Neculce High School. In 1995, he graduated from the University of Bucharest's Law faculty. He received a degree from the Carol I National Defence University in 2002, and in 2003 received a doctorate in Criminal Law from the University of Bucharest and a master's degree in Political Management from the Social Democratic Institute. He has written several books in his field, including one on the International Criminal Court, the subject of his doctoral thesis. Between 1996 and 1998, and since 2002, he has taught Criminal Law at the Romanian-American University. From 1995 to 1998, Ponta worked as a prosecutor handling cases at the Sector 1 courthouse. From 1998 to 2001, he was a prosecutor at the Supreme Court of Justice in the anti-corruption division, in particular dealing with economic and financial crimes. From 2000 to 2001, he coordinated the Bureau for Combating Money Laundering.  In April 2002, Cristian Panait, a prosecutor involved in cases connected to then-Prime Minister Adrian Năstase, fell from the third-floor window of his home. He died the following day, and the incident was ruled a suicide a day later. The following January, his aunt filed suit to contest the fact that no charges were filed, claiming his superiors pushed him toward suicide. The complained also mentioned Panait's fellow prosecutor Ponta, claiming the former had told her, "that dog Victor Ponta did me in". She also said the two had been friends until Panait accused Ponta of influence peddling due to what he saw as the latter's involvement with underworld figures. In reply, Ponta mentioned he had called for the investigation into Panait's death to be reopened, stating the two had not met for some six months before that event, and that there had been no breach in their friendship. Prior to the 2012 legislative election, opposition campaigner Adriean Videanu charged that Ponta's "blackmail" and "threats" had pushed Panait to kill himself.  From 2001 to 2004, Ponta held the rank of Secretary of State as head of the government's Control Department. In 2006, a civil servant at the Ministry of Education (who was in an ongoing feud with Ponta) charged that Ponta, while holding this office, covered up corrupt activities undertaken by former minister Hildegard Puwak, who was cleared of wrongdoing in a report issued by Ponta. Additionally, he helped uncover cases of fraudulent use of Phare funds. In 2001 he also joined the supervisory council of the Authority for State Assets Recovery, and that year he was part of a special committee investigating penal infractions committed by members of the government. In March 2004, he became Minister-Delegate for Control of International Grant Programmes Implementation and for Monitoring the Application of the Acquis Communautaire. A PSD member by 2002, he was from July to November of that year head of the Interim National Council of the Social Democratic Youth (TSD). That October, he became a member of the PSD's national council, and joined its executive bureau the following month, when he also became president of the TSD, remaining as such for four years. In 2005, he became a vice president of Ecosy, while he has been a vice president of the PSD since December 2006. At the 2004 election, Ponta won a seat in the Chamber of Deputies, where he served as both secretary and vice president of its permanent bureau; he was re-elected in 2008. That December, he became a minister in the incoming Boc cabinet.  Upon winning confirmation, Ponta pledged to reduce the number of emergency ordinances issued by the government and to assist Parliament in exercising control over the cabinet. Among his activities was to help steer a new civil and penal code through Parliament. Among the more controversial provisions in these codes that Ponta defended (both as minister and as head of the parliamentary committee drafting the legislation) were one presuming that any defensive act done at night at home would be considered legitimate self-defence; and one banning therapeutic abortions after the 24th week of pregnancy, which received sharp criticism from several NGOs. Ponta, nicknamed "Little Titulescu" by Năstase, has been known to criticise both members of his own party, commenting that then-mayor of Sector 5 Marian Vanghelie (known for his gaffes) "is such a philosopher that not even I can understand him"; and of the PD-L, remarking, after the two parties had entered a governing coalition, that his Gorj County parliamentary colleagues are "parrots, liars and dimwits". Together with his PSD colleagues, Ponta resigned from the cabinet on 1 October 2009, in protest at the dismissal of vice prime minister and Interior Minister Dan Nica.

Social Democratic leadership.

In February 2010, he was elected PSD president at a party congress, defeating incumbent Mircea Geoană, who had narrowly lost a bid to become President of Romania several months earlier. The feud between Geoană and Ponta continued beyond the latter's election as party leader; for instance, six months later, Ponta alleged that "moguls" such as Sorin Ovidiu Vântu had total control over PSD decision-making during Geoană's tenure, a charge the latter denied and attributed to a hidden desire of Ponta's to see him ejected from the post of Senate President. In November 2011, Ponta led a successful effort to remove Geoană both from the PSD and from the Senate leadership.  In February 2011, he and Crin Antonescu, head of the National Liberal Party (PNL), formed the Social Liberal Union (USL), a political alliance in opposition to the governing Democratic Liberal Party (PD-L). In August 2012, he was elected a vice president of the Socialist International. Ponta resigned the party leadership in July 2015, amidst an ongoing corruption investigation.

As Prime Minister.

Appointment and early moves.

In April 2012, after the government of Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu fell due to the passage of a motion of no confidence, President Traian Băsescu designated Ponta as Prime Minister. His cabinet, including ministers from the PSD, the PNL, independents and one from the Conservative Party (PC), received parliamentary approval the following month, and Ponta thus became prime minister. Upon taking office in the midst of a continent-wide recession, he vowed to promote economic growth and job creation solely from within the private sector, but also to increase public-sector salaries. In June, the USL came in first overall at the local election; Ponta singled out the alliance's victory in Bucharest as a "historic moment".  In the opening weeks of his mandate, Ponta became involved in several controversies. His government transferred oversight of the Romanian Cultural Institute from the Presidency to the Parliament, claiming this would increase transparency. However, the move drew criticism from its head, Horia-Roman Patapievici, as well as from other artists and cultural figures who feared the institute would become politicized. His steps to change the leadership of Romanian Television provoked dissension from many of the broadcaster's employees, who charged the government with "destroying" public television. He pushed through a new electoral law establishing a first-past-the-post voting system, but this was rejected by the Constitutional Court. A dispute with Băsescu arose over who would represent Romania at the European Council, with the court ruling in the latter's favor, although Ponta attended the subsequent council nevertheless.

Plagiarism controversy.

A month into his term as premier, an article published in "Nature" reported that an anonymous source had charged Ponta with plagiarizing over half his doctoral thesis, claims that were later reiterated by the "Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung". Ponta admitted that the referencing system used by his thesis did not provide clear attribution of its sources, but rejected the allegations of plagiarism. Dumitru Diaconu, a law professor and author supposedly plagiarised by Ponta's thesis, and who also authored a foreword for the published edition of the thesis, declared he was not aware of plagiarism and did not intend to pursue the accusations. A session of a committee charged with validating academic titles analyzed the thesis and decided with a unanimous vote of members present that Ponta had committed copy and paste plagiarism, subsequently requesting the withdrawal of Ponta's doctoral title. In response, interim Education Minister Liviu Pop (PSD) contested the committee's jurisdiction and dismissed the findings, citing the lack of a quorum. The minister had already signed an order reorganizing the committee the previous day, but, due to technical reasons, the order came into effect during the very session analyzing the thesis.  Another committee, subordinated to the Education Ministry, later found that Ponta did not commit plagiarism. A third committee, convoked by the University of Bucharest and consisting of ten members, each from a different department, unanimously found that Ponta had indeed deliberately plagiarized at least a third of his thesis. Ponta replied that the committee was an "ad-hoc" one designed especially for him, and that the decision was a "political" one. In August 2012, three individuals filed suit against Ponta, asking prosecutors to open a legal case against him for intellectual fraud. The latter opted against proceeding, the former appealed, and in March 2014, the High Court of Cassation and Justice rejected their appeal. In December 2014, citing the controversy surrounding his thesis, asked that the University of Bucharest withdraw his doctoral title. The university responded that it would comply with his request. Later that month, his government adopted an ordinance allowing individuals to renounce academic diplomas and titles; the move was criticized by the student federation ANOSR. In summer 2016, a revamped committee decided, with 34 votes in favor and one abstention, that Ponta did indeed plagiarize his thesis, prompting Education Minister Mircea Dumitru to sign an order withdrawing his title of doctor.  Until the controversy began and his official curriculum vitae was modified, he claimed in the document to have received a master's degree in International Criminal Law from the University of Catania in 2000. That institution's rector replied to an enquiry by stating an internal verification had revealed Ponta was never at the University of Catania. In turn, Ponta stated that he took a course there and received a diploma.

Political crisis and parliamentary election.

Beginning in July 2012, Ponta found himself at the heart of a political crisis. This culminated in Băsescu's suspension from office by Parliament, an action strongly promoted by Ponta, and which triggered an unsuccessful referendum on impeaching Băsescu.  Following the USL victory at the December 2012 parliamentary election, including Ponta winning 61% of the vote in his own seat, where he was challenged by Dan Diaconescu, Băsescu named Ponta to another term as premier. Subsequently, the two signed a cooperation accord, while tensions with the PNL deepened. These grew especially apparent in April 2013, when Ponta, as interim Justice Minister, named Laura Codruța Kövesi to head the National Anticorruption Directorate (DNA) in spite of objections from the PNL, who viewed her as a Băsescu ally. In February 2014, the PNL left the government, marking the end of the USL, the precipitating motive being Ponta's refusal to name Klaus Iohannis as deputy prime minister. Ponta, by now head of a Social Democratic Union (USD) involving his party, the National Union for the Progress of Romania (UNPR) and the PC, went on to form a new government with the Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR). During Ponta's first two years in office, his cabinets significantly raised the salaries of public-sector employees, which Băsescu and his allies had cut by 25% in 2010. At the same time, he raised or introduced a number of taxes and fees, one of the most widely-felt being an increase in the fuel tax. He confronted two environmentally sensitive issues: the Roșia Montană Project, which he initially opposed but later became more open to the idea; and shale gas extraction through fracking, which he first backed but then shifted to preferring exploitation of natural gas from the Black Sea.

Presidential candidacy, aftermath and resignation.

In late July 2014, Ponta launched his candidacy for the upcoming presidential race, at the same time beginning to attack his chief rival, Iohannis. He placed first in the election's first round, with 40.4% of the vote, and faced Iohannis in the runoff. In the second round, he was defeated by Iohannis on a 54.5%-45.5% margin. Reportedly, an important factor in his defeat was the poor organization of the election's first round among the Romanian diaspora. This voting bloc and its domestic sympathizers were galvanized to turn out against Ponta in the second round. The following month, the UDMR quit the government, and Ponta subsequently formed his fourth cabinet, in which he also included two ministers apiece from the PC and the Liberal Reformist Party (PLR).  In June 2015, the DNA opened a criminal investigation against Ponta, alleging forgery, complicity in tax evasion and money laundering allegedly committed while he was a lawyer; and a conflict of interest for naming former business associate Dan Șova to several positions while prime minister. Iohannis called on Ponta to resign, which the latter refused to do. Subsequently, and in accord with his expressed wishes, the Chamber rejected the prosecutorial request to lift his immunity; most of those siding with him came from the PSD, as well as its allies (UNPR, PC and PLR), and the ethnic minorities parties. Later that month, Ponta left for Turkey to undergo knee surgery; during his recovery, Gabriel Oprea took over as interim prime minister, serving until Ponta's return in early July. Days later, he resigned as PSD president, citing a desire to safeguard the party's image while he faces criminal charges; Rovana Plumb took over on an interim basis. The DNA then formally indicted Ponta, initiating procedures to freeze a part of his assets. From the end of July until early August, Ponta took another leave of absence for rest purposes, with Oprea again stepping in on a temporary basis. The case was sent to trial in September; Ponta was charged along with four other defendants, including Șova.  In late October 2015, a deadly nightclub fire sparked ample street protests. Within several days, these had swelled to over 25,000 participants in Bucharest alone. Among the demands voiced was the resignation of Ponta, tied within the protesters' ranks to corruption and official indifference. Bowing to pressure, he resigned, citing the "legitimate anger" of the public the "desire to place responsibility at higher levels" than the nightclub owners, and the hope that the expectations of the demonstrators had been met. A technocratic cabinet headed by Dacian Cioloș took office two weeks later; Ponta himself was absent from the confirmation vote. At the 2016 parliamentary election, Ponta retained his seat in the Chamber. In June 2017, he was named secretary general in the government of Sorin Grindeanu, with ministerial rank. In so doing, he was automatically expelled from the PSD, which had agreed to apply this penalty to any party member agreeing to serve under Grindeanu. Shortly after he took on the post, the government was ousted in a no-confidence vote.

Comeback effort.

In May 2018, the High Court acquitted Ponta of corruption charges dating back to his work as a lawyer in 2007-2008. Later that month, he announced that 11 members of parliament were part of the Pro Romania Party, which he had launched the previous September. Introducing the new party, he described it as a center-left one, aimed at replacing the country's "mediocre, uncultured and incapable" elites with competent professionals.  In the May 2019 European Parliament election, Pro Romania won two seats. Shortly thereafter, the party held 24 seats in the Romanian parliament, nearly all the result of floor crossing from the governing PSD. Due to the latter party’s precarious position, Ponta was able to exert pressure for various demands, in exchange for opposing a no-confidence motion. He eventually embraced such a motion, helping to bring down the Viorica Dăncilă cabinet that October.

Personal life.

Ponta and his first wife Roxana, a high school sweetheart, have one son; they were married in 1998 and divorced in 2006. That October, in China, he quietly wed Daciana Sârbu, a future Member of the European Parliament and the daughter of Ponta's Boc cabinet colleague Ilie Sârbu. The couple's relationship had become serious in 2004, after Ponta's son was born; they had a daughter in March 2008 and married in a Romanian Orthodox ceremony in the church in Bucharest's "Grădina Icoanei" that June.  Ponta is the winner of the 1989 youth national championship in basketball, where he played for CSA Steaua București; and of the 2008 Dacia Logan Cup, where he was a co-pilot. In addition, he is an avowed supporter of FC Steaua București football club. He was made a knight of the National Order for Faithful Service in 2002, and in 2004 received the Order of the Star of Italian Solidarity.

Victor Viorel Ponta (; born 20 September 1972) is a Romanian jurist and politician, who served as Prime Minister of Romania between his appointment by President Traian Băsescu in May 2012 and his resignation in November 2015. A former member of the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and its leader from 2010 to 2015, he was also joint leader (2012–2014) of the then-governing Social Liberal Union (USL), an alliance with the National Liberal Party (PNL). Ponta has been a member of the Romanian Chamber of Deputies for Gorj County since 2004. In the Emil Boc cabinet, he was Minister-Delegate for Relations with Parliament from 2008 to 2009.

Victor-Viorel Ponta (* 20. September 1972 in Bukarest) ist ein rumänischer Politiker. Er war von 2010 bis 2015 Vorsitzender der Sozialdemokratischen Partei (PSD) und vom 7. Mai 2012 bis 4. November 2015 Ministerpräsident von Rumänien. Seit 2018 ist er Vorsitzender der Partei Pro România.


Description.

The "Talisman"s were designed by Armstrong Whitworth for the Ottoman Navy, but were sub-contracted to Hawthorn Leslie and Company for building. They displaced. The ships had an overall length of, a beam of and a draught of. They were powered by three Parsons direct-drive steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by three Yarrow boilers. The turbines developed a total of and gave a maximum speed of. The ships carried a maximum of of fuel oil. The ships' complement was 102 officers and ratings.  The "Talisman"-class ships were heavily armed for their time, shipping five single QF Mark IV guns. Two of the guns were side-by-side on the forecastle. The other guns were carried on the centreline; one between the first and second funnels, one after the searchlight platform and one on a bandstand on the quarterdeck. All the guns had half-shields. The ships were designed to accommodate three above water twin mounts for torpedoes, but only two mounts were fitted in British service.

Construction and career.

The vessel was originally to have been named "Ogre", but was renamed whilst under construction, on 15 February 1915. She was launched on 5 January 1916.  She served with the 10th Destroyer Flotilla of the Grand Fleet from her completion. She was sunk on 1 June 1916 at the battle of Jutland by the German battleship, SMS Westfalen with the deaths of 90 crew members, and the surviving 13 became prisoners of war. The wrecksite is designated as a "protected place" under the Protection of Military Remains Act 1986.

HMS "Turbulent" was one of four s ordered for the Ottoman Navy and taken over by the Royal Navy during the First World War.

Die HMS "Turbulent" war ein Zerstörer der Talisman-Klasse der Royal Navy. Das Boot sollte ursprünglich HMS "Ogre" heißen, wurde aber noch während des Baues am 15. Februar 1915 umbenannt und erhielt wie die drei Schwesterschiffe einen mit einem T beginnenden Namen. Sie sank am 1. Juni 1916 in der Schlussphase der Skagerrakschlacht unter Verlust der gesamten Besatzung nach nur 20 Tagen aktiver Dienstzeit.


Release and production.

"Mirror" was released as the album's sixth and final single. Young Money, Cash Money and Universal Republic Records released the track to American urban contemporary radio stations, which began adding the track to their playlists on September 13, 2011. On November 1, 2011, the single was re-released in the same format and to rhythmic contemporary stations by Cash Money and Universal Republic Records. The song was made available in the United Kingdom via digital download on December 18, 2011.  REO of the Soundkillers produced "Mirror" with co-production by The Smeezingtons. Dwayne Carter, Peter Hernandez, Philip Lawrence and Ramon Owen wrote the song. Michael "Banger" Cadahia and his assistant Edward "Jewfro" Lidow recorded it at CMR South Studios in Miami, Florida. The single was mixed at the Record Plant in Los Angeles by Fabian Marascuillo, with Ghazi Hourani as mixing assistant. It was mastered by Brian "Big Bass" Gardner at Bernie Grundman Mastering.

Background and lawsuit.

Ramon "REO" Owen created the instrumental three years before its inclusion on "Tha Carter IV". The producer, Reo" Owen of the Soundkillers, with help of Mike Caren, Atlantic Records A&R, was able to get this recording, which already had Bruno Mars singing the hook, heard by industry "heavy-hitters" including rappers Kanye West, Drake, and Nas. They rejected it. Lil Wayne liked the track and decided to keep it. "REO" initially wanted the track to be a part of West's "My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy" (2010). He to "settle[ed]" for it being included on Wayne's "Tha Carter IV". He felt lucky it was given the amount of material recorded during the time an album is produced. Owen claimed he alone produced the track with The Smeezingtons as co-writers, however, the CD's liner notes also credit the team as co-producers. "REO" agreed that Wayne's verses captured the feeling of the song. The track leaked on August 25, 2011.  In late 2014, Ramon "REO" Owen filed a lawsuit against Wayne alleging he had promised him at least $91,000 for his work on the song. According to the lawsuit, Owen never received this payment. On February 19, 2015, Manhattan Federal Court judge, Katherine B. Forrest, order Wayne to pay Owen $100,000 and Young Money to "hand over" their accounting records, as they failed to respond to the allegations in court, after being served with the legal documents in December 2014. During the judgment, Owen stated that he tried to contact Wayne regarding the money for 11 months prior to the lawsuit. According to court filings, Owen is entitled to $91,841.50 in royalties.

Composition.

"Mirror" is a hip-hop and rap ballad composed in the key of F Minor, set at a tempo of 80 beats per minute. The melody spans the tonal range of C4 to D♭5, while the music follows the chord progression of Fm-E-Cm–E♭–Db. Its instrumental has been described as "an eerie wail in the background and a smothered kick-and snare-drum pattern". This is noticeable due to its tripped-down production and melancholy harmonies, echoing and somber beats. "Rap-Up" noted the resemblance between the structure of "Mirror" and "Lighters" by Bad Meets Evil, which also features Bruno Mars.  In the track, Mars shows his emo-angst by singing: "Through my rise and fall/ You've been my only friend" and Wayne gets "reflective" on his verses "Looking at me now I can see my past/Damn, I look just like my f--king dad/Light it up, that's smoke in mirrors/I even look good in the broken mirror." Wayne not only shows his "warped, troubled mind" but also his softer side by rapping about his father. Overall, Wayne reflects on his past choices and his life. Various publications affirmed that Lil Wayne took inspiration from Michael Jackson in one of his verses: "And no message any clearer, so I'm starting with the "Man in the Mirror" (1987). Idolator Becky Bain found similarities between Wayne's single "How to Love" (2011) from the same album for its "introspective, sad and sweet" lyrics.

Critical reception.

The song received positive reviews from most music critics. Lewis Corner of "Digital Spy" gave the song four stars out of five. He found that "The final result is much like the heartthrob himself; love-torn, moody and destined to be popular." "Billboard"s Joe DeAndrea commented that the track was not only among Lil Wayne's best material, and found the vocals on the hook provided by Mars are quite "smooth". Another "Billboard" critic, Maria Sherman, praised Mars' hook, calling it "cinematic". Omar Burgess of "HipHopDX" praised Wayne for "pushing the envelope" describing "Mirror" as a concept track. Conversely, brookencool of "Complex" included the track on his list of The 10 Worst Lil Wayne Songs. He felt Wayne's and Mars' vocals sounded "forced and pieced together", and deemed the collaboration ineffective. Moreover, the critic found the song's reflective lyrics about Wayne's past and his mistakes shallow compared to Wayne's "All By Myself".

Commercial performance.

In the United States, "Mirror" debuted at its peak of number 16 on the "Billboard" Hot 100, and at number six on the Hot Digital Songs chart, with 149,000 copies sold in its first week. It coincided with the release of Wayne's album "Tha Carter IV". The single peaked at numbers 22 and 25 on the "Billboard" Rhythmic Songs and Hot Rap Songs charts, respectively. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) certified it Platinum for sales of over 1 million copies. "Mirror" peaked at number 46 on the Canadian Hot 100. In Australia the song peaked at number 26, while it peaked at number 12 on the Australia Urban single charts. The Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) certified "Mirror" Platinum with 70,000 copies sold.  In Europe, "Mirror" debuted at number 12 on the Danish charts, spending 10 weeks there. IFPI Denmark certified it twice Platinum due to its streaming numbers being equivalent to 200,000 copies and it was certified Gold for selling over 15,000 copies. The recording debuted at number 47 on February 18, 2012. It eventually reached its peak at number 11 on April 7, 2012. In the United Kingdom, the song debuted at 91 on the chart and peaked at number 17. The British Phonographic Industry (BPI) certified the song silver. On the Dutch Top 40 charts, "Mirror" peaked at number 12. The song managed to peak at number 13 and 15 respectively in Slovakia and Switzerland.

Music video.

Filming for the music video took place in November 2011, directed by Antoine Fuqua. GloriaFX created the visual effects. The company was responsible for the painting and the appearance and disappearance effects among others. Vevo released a teaser of the music video on YouTube on January 27, 2012. The full-length video premiering on Vevo's official website on January 31, 2012.  The video begins with a shirtless Wayne standing in a room, while a camera shows various close-ups of his intricate tattoos. As the chorus begins, Wayne is shown painting the room red and black as Mars sings the chorus, while seated on the top of a ladder. Wayne is also shown throwing red paint on the wall to create an unformed picture. The rest of the video focuses on Wayne blasting red, black and white paint all over the room. It is finally revealed that the painting is of Wayne himself crucified on a cross holding a mic in his left hand. The rather convoluted background includes a face, clouds and lightning, all toned in magnificent red. Wayne and Mars stare at the masterpiece as the video comes to an end.  Gregory Adams of "Exclaim!" complimented Wayne's final painting and called the rapper's video a "bizarre art world exploration". Chris Coplan of "Consequence of Sound" said that the final scene made the ""Mona Lisa" look like "Dogs Playing Poker"."

Credits and personnel.

Recording and mixing  Personnel  Credits adapted from the liner notes of "Tha Carter IV (Deluxe Edition)", Young Money Entertainment, Cash Money Records and Universal Republic Records

Charts and certifications.

Certifications.

!scope="col" colspan="3"| Streaming

"Mirror" is a song by American rapper Lil Wayne featuring American singer-songwriter Bruno Mars. The second bonus track on the deluxe edition of "Tha Carter IV" (2011), was released to Urban contemporary radio stations as the sixth and final single on September 13, 2011, through Young Money, Cash Money, and Universal Republic Records. Wayne, Mars, Phillip Lawrence and Ramon Owen wrote "Mirror". Owen also handled production as REO of the Soundkillers, and The Smeezingtons. The song leaked online a few days before the album's official release in the United States. The track was produced three years before its release. Owen, with Mike Caren's help, was able to get the track to several rappers, who rejected it. Lil Wayne liked the song after hearing it, however, and his verses were added to Mars' hook vocals already on the track.

Mirror "(Spiegel)" ist ein Lied des US-amerikanischen Rappers Lil Wayne, das er mit dem R&B-Sänger Bruno Mars aufnahm. Der Song wurde am 1. November 2011 als Airplay in den Vereinigten Staaten veröffentlicht. Geschrieben wurde das Lied von Lil Wayne, Bruno Mars und Philip Lawrence, der mit Mars Teil des Songwriter-Trios "The Smeezingtons" ist, sowie von Ramon Owen alias REO, der auch der Produzent war. "Mirror" ist als Bonustrack auf dem Album "Tha Carter IV" zu finden.


Geography.

Hinunangan is home to the highest mountain in the province, Mount Nacolod, with an elevation of above sea level.

Barangays.

Hinunangan is politically subdivided into 40 barangays, two of which are island barangays located at the east of the town. The twin islands are accessible by motorized boats through Barangay Canipa-an.

History.

In 1521, Magellan recorded sighting Hunonganan (Hinunangan) during the voyage in Leyte Gulf. As far back in 1750, Hinunangan was a mid-way station of Boholanos trading in Eastern Leyte. They rested overnight at the mouth of Das-ay River where they moored their boats. A shelter was built for the crews and tenders known as ""hononganan"" or stopover. Hence the name. In 1822, a certain Boholano named Palonoy founded Hinunangan. At this time, Silago to the north and Hinundayan and Anahawan to the south were part of Hinunangan.  In 1944, in the greatest naval battle in history the blocking warship of the Liberation waylaid the Japanese Fleet near Hinunangan. Thus, the area in Southern Leyte is the natural frontier of historically significant events in Philippine history.

2007 earthquake.

On July 19, 2007, a strong earthquake hit the town with magnitude 6 on Richter scale and damaged some properties. The partial assessment report of Hinunangan dated July 20, a copy of which was obtained by PIA through Gov. Mercado, placed the estimated cost of damage to properties at P1,650,000.00 broken down as P790,000 for government infrastructure and P860,000 from private infrastructure.  Among the public properties destroyed were the water system - P 500,000; Das-ay Bridge railguard - P100,000; East Central School Concrete Fence - P80,000; Otama Elementary School - P50,000; Patong Elementary School - P40,000; and Tahusan Elementary School—P20,000.  The private infrastructure damaged included the Roman Catholic Bell tower - P100,000; Water tank of the Catholic convent - P40,000; Manalog barangay Chapel - P20,000; Santo Nino barangay Chapel - P10,000; a number of houses - P400,000, and various appliances, P290,000.

Education.

High schools:  Universities:  Other:

Communication.

Mobile:  Cable television:  Internet:

', officially the ', is a in the province of,. According to the, it has a population of people.

Hinunangan ist eine philippinische Stadtgemeinde in der Provinz Southern Leyte auf der Insel Leyte. Sie hat Einwohner (Zensus ), die in 40 Barangays leben. Die Gemeinde wird als teilweise urban beschrieben. Hinunangan liegt ca. 144 km östlich der Provinzhauptstadt Maasin City und ist von dort über den "Maharlika Highway" via der Gemeinde Sogod erreichbar. Die beiden der Küste vorgelagerten Inseln San Pedro und San Pablo gehören zum Verwaltungsgebiet der Gemeinde.


Appearance and description.

Although the Pajuna has been constantly crossed with breeds such as the Retinta or the Murciana after 1950 and several lineages have lost their primitive characteristics (such as the wild type colour, long legs and athletic body shape) some lineages still bear considerable resemblance to the aurochs. Pajuna bulls weigh on average and can reach a height of at the shoulder. The horns, especially of the bulls, face forwards and are light in colour with a dark tip. Bulls are dark brown to black with a light eel stripe; the cows are a much lighter reddish brown. In this aspect, Pajuna resembles the aurochs. It has been suggested that the breed originated in north Africa, and indeed some bulls have a saddle that looks very similar to depictions of north African aurochs.

Range and use.

This primitive cattle breed is given special protection in the official Spanish cattle breeds catalogue, because numbers have declined rapidly during the 1980s and 1990s. The quality of their meat is valued, but traditionally Pajuna were used as draft animals.  Like other robust cattle breeds, the Pajuna is adapted to harsh conditions, especially in cold mountainous regions. They require supplementary feeding only in extreme weather when grazing is not possible. Because of their hardiness, their aurochs-like body plan and their wild type colour, Pajuna is used by the Dutch organisation Stichting Taurus in the TaurOs Project, to fill the ecological niche once occupied by the aurochs. Together with breeds like Sayaguesa Cattle, Maremmana primitivo, Tudanca Cattle or Limia Cattle, the project aims to breed a type of cattle that resembles the aurochs in phenotype, ecology and genotype as closely as possible.

Pajuna is a rare Spanish cattle breed, originating in Granada (Andalusia), which resembles the extinct aurochs, the wild ancestor of domestic cattle, in certain features.

Pajuna ist eine seltene spanische Rinderrasse, die dem ausgerotteten Auerochsen, der Stammform der meisten Hausrinder, in einigen Merkmalen sehr ähnlich ist.


Playing career.

As a youth, Osborne played in the 1974 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with the Toronto Shopsy's minor ice hockey team.  Osborne played his junior career for the Niagara Falls Flyers of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL) for three seasons, between 1979 and 1981. After his second year there, he was selected 46th overall by the Detroit Red Wings in the 1980 NHL Entry Draft.  As a rookie in the 1981–82 season he scored an impressive 26 goals and totaled 67 points, which would prove to be the second highest point total of his career, behind his 73 in the 1989–90 season with the Toronto Maple Leafs.  During the 1983 off-season he was traded to the New York Rangers in the trade that saw popular Ron Duguay leave the Rangers. In New York, Osborne played three and a half seasons, reaching the semifinals with them in 1986. At the 1987 trade deadline he was shipped to the Maple Leafs for his first stint there, which lasted five and a half seasons. In Toronto he played on a line with Gary Leeman and Ed Olczyk called the GEM line. In November 1990, he was sent to the Winnipeg Jets, but returned to the Leafs in a 1992 trade deadline deal for Lucien Deblois. In his second stint with Toronto he was on an effective checking line with Bill Berg and Peter Zezel and helped the Leafs reach the Conference Finals in two consecutive seasons (1993 and 1994), falling short each time of making it to the Stanley Cup Finals.  Before the shortened 1995 season Osborne signed with the Rangers, for his final NHL season. He went on to play three more years with the Cleveland Lumberjacks of the International Hockey League (IHL) as a player-coach, before retiring in 1997–98.

Post playing career.

After retiring Osborne worked as general manager of the Toronto St. Michael's Majors of the OHL from October 29, 1999, to August 2000, after serving as an assistant coach the previous season. He followed that by becoming assistant GM of the Mississauga IceDogs for the 2002–03 season. Osborne was a hockey analyst with The Score Television Network. He then became an analyst for Leafs TV, a popular media outlet covering the Toronto Maple Leafs. He is currently a pro scout for the Los Angeles Kings organization.

Personal facts.

Osborne is a devout Christian and worked at a Christian hockey camp in the off-seasons in London, Ontario and Moncton, New Brunswick. His nickname is Ozzie. He has been married to actress Madolyn Smith since 1988.

Mark Anatole Osborne (born August 13, 1961) is a Canadian retired ice hockey player. Osborne played in the National Hockey League (NHL) primarily as a checking winger between 1981 and 1995. Osborne played in 919 games, tallying 212 goals and 531 points.

Mark Anatole Osborne (* 13. August 1961 in Toronto, Ontario) ist ein ehemaliger kanadischer Eishockeyspieler, der im Verlauf seiner aktiven Karriere zwischen 1981 und 1995 unter anderem 1006 Spiele für die Detroit Red Wings, New York Rangers, Toronto Maple Leafs und die Winnipeg Jets in der National Hockey League auf der Position des linken Flügelstürmers bestritten hat. Seinen größten Karriereerfolg feierte Osborne in Diensten der Adirondack Red Wings mit dem Gewinn des Calder Cup der American Hockey League im Jahr 1981.


Biography.

Early life.

Félix Ciccolini was born on 2 October 1916 in Cozzano, Corsica. He studied law.

Career.

He started working as a lawyer in Aix-en-Provence in 1938.  He joined the French Section of the Workers' International and later the Socialist Party. He became a city councillor of Aix in 1953. From 1964 to 1988, he served on the general council of Aix-Nord.  He was mayor of Aix-en-Provence from 1967 to 1978. During his tenure, he oversaw the growth of the town, due in large part to the return to the homeland of former inhabitants of colonial French Algeria and the "harkis" after the independence of Algeria. For example, he commissioned the construction of a new neighbourhood, the "Jas de Bouffan", where 12,000 new inhabitants moved in the 1970s, and another neighbourhood, closer to the city centre, called "Encagnane".  Additionally, he was a senator for the Bouches-du-Rhône from 1971 to 1989. He called for an increase in prison staff. He supported the repeal of the death penalty in 1981. He denounced the Office de Radiodiffusion Télévision Française for being too monopolistic and thus a threat to democracy, and called for a plurality of radio and television media. On 13 February 1979, he sent an open letter to Jean François-Poncet (1928–2012), the French Minister of Foreign Affairs, to ask him to call for a release of French citizens who were kidnapped in Algeria shortly after the Évian Accords of 1962. Moreover, he voted in favour of lowering the age of majority from 21 to 18 in 1974, the legalization of abortion in 1975, and a reform to facilitate divorce, also in 1975.  Even though he supported Gaston Defferre (1910–1986), he voted for Valéry Giscard d'Estaing in 1974.  In 1996, he wrote a book about the village where he was born, Cozzano.

Personal life.

He died on 1 May 2010 in Ajaccio, Corsica. He was buried in the family plot of the Cozzano cemetery.

Félix Ciccolini (1916–2010) was a French politician. He was the mayor of Aix-en-Provence from 1967 to 1978 and a member of the Senate of France for the Bouches-du-Rhône from 1971 to 1989.

Félix Ciccolini (* 2. Oktober 1916 in Cozzano auf Korsika; † 1. Mai 2010 in Ajaccio) war ein französischer Politiker und Bürgermeister von Aix-en-Provence. Von 1971 bis 1989 war er Mitglied des Senats.


Graduate School of Asia-Pacific Studies der Waseda Universität

Location.

The GSAPS Building (No.19) is located at Waseda University Main Campus, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.

Cooperative institutions.

GSAPS conducts regular teaching and research activities with the London School of Economics and Political Science, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, National University of Singapore, Seoul National University, and Chulalongkorn University, among other partner schools. Also, through the European Commission's Erasmus Mundus international mobility programme, GSAPS administers a joint doctoral program on Globalisation, the EU, and Multilateralism in partnership with Université Libre de Bruxelles in Belgium, University of Warwick in the United Kingdom, Libera Università Internazionale degli Studi Sociali in Italy, Université de Genève in Switzerland, and Fudan University in China.  GSAPS is an affiliate member of the Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs (APSIA), a network of leading international relations and public policy schools from around the world.  GSAPS has recently spearheaded the Campus Asia program, which is aimed at establishing an EUI-type institution in Asia. This effort is currently underway in conjunction with Peking University, Korea University, Thammasat University, and Nanyang Technological University.

Teaching and research.

GSAPS' core teaching and research areas are in East and Southeast Asian area studies, international relations, and international cooperation and policy studies. Research seminars and classes are organized around these three themes. The School operates on a quarterly calendar, with English and Japanese classes held from April to July (Spring), August (Summer), September to January (Fall), and February (Winter).

Student profile.

As of May 1, 2011, there are total 427 students including 283 of Master students and 144 of PHD students. 69.6% of MA students are from overseas, and only 30.4% are Japanese local students. The GSA, the school's official student organization, frequently organizes social, academic, and career-related events.

The, or GSAPS, is an independent graduate school focusing on social sciences and international relations. GSAPS was established in April 1998 on the Waseda Campus of Waseda University in Tokyo, Japan. GSAPS students, faculty, and alumni come from more than 50 countries, making it the university's foremost hub for international graduate education and one of Japan's most culturally diverse graduate institutes.

Die Graduate School of Asia-Pacific Studies, kurz GSAPS, ist eine unabhängige Graduate School mit den Schwerpunkten Sozialwissenschaften und Internationale Beziehungen. GSAPS wurde im April 1998 auf dem Campus der Waseda-Universität in Tokio gegründet. Die Studenten, Fakultätsmitglieder und Alumni kommen aus mehr als 50 Ländern.


Life and relationship with her parents.

She was the only daughter of Dr George Mitford, or Midford, who apparently trained as a medical doctor, and Mary Russell, a descendant of the aristocratic Russell family who grew up near Jane Austen and was an acquaintance of hers when young. At ten years old in 1797, young Mary Russell Mitford won her father a lottery ticket worth £20,000, but by the 1810s the small family suffered financial difficulties. In the 1800s and 1810s they lived in large properties in Reading and then Grazeley (in Sulhamstead Abbots parish), but, when the money was all gone after 1819, they lived on a small remnant of the doctor's lost fortune and the proceeds of his daughter's literary career. He is thought to have inspired Mary with the keen delight in incongruities, the lively sympathy, self-willed vigorous individuality, and tolerance which inspire so many of her sketches of character. She cared for her mother and father until their deaths and supported them and herself by proceeds from her writing.  From age 10 to 15 she attended a school in Hans Place, Knightsbridge, London, the successor to Reading Abbey Girls' School, which Austen had attended a few years earlier. Her father engaged Frances Arabella Rowden, formerly governess to the family of Frederick Ponsonby, 3rd Earl of Bessborough, to give her extra tuition. Rowden was not only a published poet, but according to Mitford, "she had a knack of making poetesses of her pupils". Rowden took Mitford to Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, especially to plays featuring John Kemble, and entranced her with the life of the theatre.

Writing.

Mitford was an especially prolific and successful writer in a range of genres, from poetry to drama as well as the prose for which she has been best known. Her writings have been celebrated for their spontaneous humour, combined with quick wit and literary skill.  Her youthful ambition had been to be the greatest English poetess, and her first publications were poems in the manner of Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Walter Scott ("Miscellaneous Verses", 1810, reviewed by Scott in the "Quarterly"; "Christina, the Maid of the South Seas", a metrical tale based on the first news of discovery of the last surviving mutineer of the H. M. S. Bounty and a generation of British-Tahitian children on Pitcairn Island in 1811; and "Blanche", part of a projected series of "Narrative Poems on the Female Character", in 1813). Her play "Julian" was produced at Covent Garden, with William Charles Macready in the title role, in 1823; "Foscari" at Covent Garden, with Charles Kemble as the hero, in 1826; while "Rienzi", 1828, the best of her plays, ran for 34 performances, and Mitford's friend, Thomas Noon Talfourd, supposed that its popularity detracted from the success of his own play, "Ion". "Charles the First" was refused a licence by the Lord Chamberlain, but was played at the Surrey Theatre in 1834.  The prose, to which she was driven by the need to earn a living, was the most successful and financially rewarding of her literary productions. The first series of "Our Village" sketches appeared in book form in 1824 (having first appeared in "The Lady's Magazine" five years previously), a second in 1826, a third in 1828, a fourth in 1830, a fifth in 1832. They were reprinted several times. "Belford Regis", another series of literary sketches in which the neighbourhood and society of Reading were idealised, was published in 1835. Her description of village cricket in "Our Village" has been called "the first major prose on the game".  Her "Recollections of a Literary Life" (1852) is a series of causeries about her favourite books. Her talk was said by her friends, Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Hengist Horne, to have been even more amusing than her books, and five volumes of her "Life and Letters", published in 1870 and 1872, show her to have been a delightful letter-writer. The many collections available of her letters provide especially useful commentary and criticism of her Romantic and Victorian literary contemporaries.

Later life and death.

Mitford met Elizabeth Barrett Browning in 1836, and their acquaintance ripened into a warm friendship.  The strain of poverty told on Mitford's work, for although her books sold at high prices, her income did not keep pace with her father's extravagances. In 1837, however, she received a civil list pension, and five years later, on 11 December 1842, her father died. A subscription was raised to pay his debts, and the surplus increased Mary's income.  In 1851 she moved from Three Mile Cross to a cottage in Swallowfield, three miles away, where she remained for the rest of her life. She died there on 10 January 1855, after being injured in a carriage accident the previous December. She is buried in the churchyard.

Mary Russell Mitford (16 December 1787 – 10 January 1855) was an English author and dramatist. She was born at Alresford in Hampshire. She is best known for "Our Village", a series of sketches of village scenes and vividly drawn characters based upon life in Three Mile Cross, a hamlet in the parish of Shinfield, near Reading in Berkshire, where she lived.

Mary Russell Mitford (* 16. Dezember 1787 in Alresford, City of Winchester; † 10. Januar 1855 in Swallowfield, Berkshire) war eine britische Schriftstellerin und Dramatikerin.