Biography.

Whitcombe was twice a winner of the Winmau World Masters (1982 and 1985) and lost to Eric Bristow in the World Championship finals of 1984 and 1986. He also won the News of the World Darts Championship in 1989, the British Matchplay, the Swedish Open 3 times, the Finland Open, the Marlboro Masters and Dunlop Masters tournaments. He was also a prolific county and holiday camp open winner.  He played for and captained Kent in the inter counties league, winning the BDO (Darts World Magazine Sponsored) Tons Trophy and individual averages. In one season, he managed to win all 9 man of the match awards, beating 9 England International players in the process – something that has never been done before or since. He also played for Essex, Suffolk, and London. Whitcombe also represented England on numerous occasions, including the 4 man teams in the Europe and World cups. He also represented England v Rest of the World, and a Great Britain side which competed against the USA.  His overall World Championship record also included three quarter-final appearances in 1983, 1989, 1991 and the semi-finals in 1985. Bristow must be considered as Whitcombe's nemesis at the World Championship. In his 13 appearances at the championships, Whitcombe met Bristow 6 times and lost every time, including a quarter final in 1991 where Whitcombe lost 3–4 despite having been 3 sets and 2 legs up at one stage. However, in other Major championships like the British Matchplay and the World Masters, Whitcombe defeated Bristow in both the semi and finals. Whitcombe also defeated Phil Taylor in the first round of the 1988 British Professional, which was Taylor's first televised appearance, but lost in 2 finals, both to Jocky Wilson.  Whitcombe helped form the players' association WPDPA (World Professional Dart Players` Association) with John Lowe, Cliff Lazarenko, and Tony Brown. The association was set up with the intention of promoting more televised tournaments after the big slump of televised darts in 1989 and the early 1990s. Eventually this organisation linked up with the newly formed World Darts Council in 1992, and darts was soon split into two organisations.  Whitcombe never actually joined the PDC darts circuit at its outset – choosing instead to virtually retire from the sport in 1992. He made a comeback in 2004 – rejoining the PDPA and the PDC circuit. He managed to qualify for the 2006 PDC World Championship, losing to Roland Scholten in the first round. After that he failed to qualify for the 2007 World Championship and only competed at one PDC Pro Tour event during 2007 – the UK Open Southern Regional in March.  In May 2008, Whitcombe once again graced the big stage in a televised tournament, taking part in the BetFred League of Legends which was shown live on Setanta Sports, playing along with Bristow, Lowe, Lazarenko, Bobby George, Peter Evison, Keith Deller, and the eventual winner Bob Anderson. Whitcombe led the league after the first 4 weeks and was the standout player of the league at that time. Whitcombe's form slumped in the following league weeks, but he still looked on course to cruise into the semi finals as he was in second place after week 5 and in third place after week 6. However, on the final league night on week 7, due to his own loss to Deller and the match between Evison and Lazarenko ending in a draw, Whitcombe slumped to fifth and failed to reach the semi final stage.  Whitcombe failed to qualify for the 2010 Lakeside World Darts Championship and the 2009 Winmau World Masters.

David "Dave" Whitcombe (born 27 June 1954 in Kent) is an English retired professional darts player who won several major tournaments and reached two World Championship Finals. He had a long professional career between 1980 and 1992.

Dave Whitcombe (* 27. Juni 1954 in Chatham) ist ein ehemaliger englischer Dartspieler. Seine größten Erfolge waren der Gewinn der Winmau World Masters 1982 und 1985, sowie die 2-malige Finalteilnahme der Weltmeisterschaft der BDO gegen Eric Bristow, die er 1984 mit 7-1 und 1986 mit 6-0 verloren hat. 1989 hat er die News of the World Darts Championship gewonnen.


Fictional character biography.

In "The Brave and the Bold" #1, the main character is found amnesiac, on a beach by 10th century Scandinavian fishermen, who named him "Jon" after a legendary prince. His enemy Thorvald knew his true identity, and wanted to kill him before he regained his memory, or met someone else who recognized him. This set-up was ignored by later writers, some of whom made no mention of his background, while others portrayed him as an actual prince, the son of King Rikk.  The Viking Prince continued to appear in "The Brave and the Bold" until #24 (Jun/Jul 1959).  In "Our Army at War" #162-163 (Jan 1966 & Feb 1966) Sergeant Rock found the Viking Prince in a glacier. He was defrosted, and fought alongside Rock in World War II. Jon had a death wish, because he had fallen in love with a valkyrie, and was banished from Valhalla by Odin, who said he could only return to his love if he died a heroic death. However, Odin also made the Viking Prince invulnerable to all known weapons. He is killed by plastique explosive, an unknown weapon at the time the curse was made. (In current continuity, Jon was still killed in World War II, but made his way to this period through a time warp, rather than being frozen.)  The Viking Prince was part of the Lord of Time's Five Warriors from Forever in "Justice League of America" #159-160.  The Viking Prince appeared in a backup strip in "Arak, Son of Thunder", issues 8 - 11 (April - July, 1982). The four part story, "Frozen Hell for a Viking" was written by Kanigher and drawn by Jan Duursema, a graduate of Kubert's art school.  In "Legends of the Dark Knight" #35 (early Aug 1992) Batman encounters Jon Rikkson, a modern-day descendant of the Prince who has become an environmental crusader. The story also features a legend describing Prince Jon's encounter with a Viking Batman.  In "Birds of Prey" #29 (Jul 2001) Black Canary, having been sent back in time to 12th century America, meets Jon Haraldson, the Viking Prince, who is one of the Viking explorers who have discovered Vinland, and they have a brief relationship before she returns to the 21st century. Jon takes a bullet intended for Dinah, but apparently survives, later being described as mourning "a love lost to time".  The Viking Prince appears in "The War That Time Forgot" (2008 miniseries), in which warriors from throughout history find themselves on a mysterious island.  The Viking Prince is one of six DC heroes featured in Walter Simonson's 2012 graphic novel "The Judas Coin".

Other versions.

Justice League Unlimited.

The Viking Prince is the focus of one of the episodes of Justice League Unlimited titled "To Another Shore."  According to Gorilla Grodd, Prince Jon was a legendary Scandinavian warrior. He gained such fame that even the Amazons of Themyscira knew his legend. Later, a Valkyrie from Asgard came to take Jon to Valhalla for his valour. The two soon proclaimed their love for each other, swearing to spend the rest of eternity together.  However, Odin disapproved of the relationship and prevented the Valkyrie from leaving Asgard to meet Jon. Odin promised that the two will be reunited in death, but only if Jon dies honourably in combat. Jon traveled the known world in search of an opponent powerful enough to slay him, only to find that Odin had granted him invulnerability to all sorts of conventional weaponry. Desperate that he will never meet his lover again, Jon sailed away alone on his ship and was lost to the world forever.  In the 20th Century, Grodd and his Legion of Doom discovered that Jon's ship still houses his corpse and is frozen within an iceberg in the Antarctic. Grodd told his fellow supervillains that he plans to reverse-engineer the Viking Prince's immortality and augment all of the Legion's villains with it. Devil Ray, Giganta and Killer Frost drilled into the ice to retrieve the ship, but their attempt was foiled by the Justice League.  At Wonder Woman's suggestion, the League gave the Viking Prince a proper Viking burial by sending the ship into the Sun with Jon's corpse still inside.

DC: The New Frontier.

The Viking Prince appears briefly in Darwyn Cooke's "", a story of his being cast away and washing up on Dinosaur Island is told in a book discovered by the Martian Manhunter in his guise of John Jones.

The Viking Prince is a fictional Viking hero appearing in comic books published by DC Comics. The character first appeared in "The Brave and the Bold" #1 (August 1955), and was created by Robert Kanigher and drawn by Joe Kubert. He was one of three historical fiction characters to premiere in the first issue (the other two being the Silent Knight and the Golden Gladiator).

Das Museo Franz Mayer ist ein Kunstmuseum im historischen Zentrum von Mexiko-Stadt. Es wurde 1986 in einem alten Gebäude errichtet, das zuvor über vier Jahrhunderte lang als Hospital genutzt worden war. Das Museum beherbergt die Sammlung des Kunstsammlers Franz Mayer, die einen Schwerpunkt auf Kunsthandwerk und Objekte aus Mexiko aufweist. Die Sammlung umfasst neben dem Kunsthandwerk auch Gemälde, Textilien und Bücher.


Route description.

The route passes through largely arid terrain, although there are multiple irrigated areas between Buronga and Wentworth in the highway's south. There is relatively flat terrain between Wentworth and Broken Hill that forms arid pastures for grazing. Around Broken Hill and a little to the north the Barrier Range is encountered, which is more hill than the rest of the route encountered so far, but not mountainous. North of there the country is once again relatively flat, thought there are further hills around Milparinka. Near Tibooburra the terrain becomes a stony desert, this kind of terrain is known in Australia as gibber. The Wentworth to Broken Hill was sealed in 1969. Sections of highway north of Broken Hill remain unsealed.  Creeks to the north of Broken Hill are generally crossed straight across the riverbed, whether the road has been sealed or not. There is signage to help drivers gauge depth of the waters if there does happen to be flows after rains. The highway also roughly follows the route Charles Sturt took when he explored the area, during his search to find the fabled inland sea. The Silver City Highway and its spur are classified as HW22 (Highway 22) by Roads & Maritime Services. The route is signed as B79 between the Abbotsford Bridge in Curlwaa and Broken Hill.

Along the Murray River.

The highway begins at its intersection with the Sturt Highway in the town of Buronga in the far south-west of New South Wales. Buronga is located immediately across the Murray River from the city of Mildura in Victoria. From here the highway heads northwesterly through a pocket of farmland at the locality of Mourquong, before turning on a more westerly heading. The road then traverses arid savanna before again reaching the farmland surrounding Dareton. The road takes on the name Tapio Street within the urban area. Continuing west the enters into more farmland at Curlwaa. Here the road comes to a T-insection where a turn to the west is required to stay on the Silver City Highway. The road to the east is also gazetted as a spur of the highway and is signed as the Calder Highway, to which it connects a short distance away across the single lane Abbotsford Bridge over the Murray River. Continuing west on the highway, the farmland largely continues the entirety of the short distance to Wentworth. Upon entering Wentworth, the road takes on several names within the town's urban area. Firstly it takes on the name Wentworth Street, before turning west at the Sandwych Street intersection and using that name. The highway then crosses the Darling River over a lift-span bridge. At Adams Street the highway then turns north, keeping the name until it leaves the urban area.

Wentworth to Broken Hill.

Heading north out of Wentworth, the road enters arid scrublands and it swings northwest towards the Great Darling Anabranch. Once it reaches the normally dry river, it follows the anabranch upstream crossing it at Bunnerungee Bridge. The road continues to follow the anabranch north, passing nearby several normally dry lakes, including along the shoreline of Popitah Lake. Roughly following the creekbed of Coombah Creek northwards a short distance, the highway then enters the depression of Coombah Lake. The roadway crosses the lakebed atop an embankment. Upon reaching the other side the highway passes Coombah Roadhouse, where fuel and supplies can be purchased. From here the highway re-enters the lakebed and continues along it to its northern extent. To the north of Coombah lake the road passes to the west of similarly dry Kudgee Lake, the roadway then follows the western side of the Pine Creek creekbed crossing it after some distance, then following it along the eastern side much of the remainder of the way Broken Hill. Upon reaching the approaches to Broken Hill, the terrain elevation becomes a little more varied from the very flat journey travelled so far, as this area is part of the Barrier Range.

Within Broken Hill.

On the southern outskirts of Broken Hill, the highway passes Kanandah Road, which forms part of the heavy vehicle bypass. North of Kanandah Road, the highway takes on the name Wentworth Road for a short distance while it curves eastwards. Once it reaches South Broken Hill urban area, the road continues as Patton Street until reach the roundabout at Bonanza Street where it then turns northwards. It passes over a hill between two mines and becomes South Road northward of Gypsum Street. Upon reaching Broken Hill itself; it becomes Crystal Street, and then turns north at Iodide Street. North of Argent Street, the Barrier Highway also follows the same route for a few blocks until it leaves westwards at William Street. At the same intersection, the Silver City Highway heads eastwards. The highway continues east almost all the way until the edge of the city, where it turns north at Buck Street. It takes on that name for a short distance until it leaves the urban area.

Broken Hill to the Dingo Fence.

The Highway continues a long distance northwards, through very dry country and crossing the occasional creekbed. Eventually it reaches Packsaddle Roadhouse, where fuel and supplies can be purchased; roughly halfway between Broken Hill and the Queensland border. North of Packsaddle the road continues in the same fashion, although it does pass between some salt lakes. Eventually the road reaches the Milparinka area, where the former township can be accessed a short distance off the highway. Further to the north the road reaches Tibooburra, the only sizable settlement along the route north of Broken Hill. North of Tibooburra the road passes through the Sturt National Park before reaching its terminus at the Queensland border along the Dingo Fence, at Warri Gate.

History.

The Silver City Highway name was decided upon as the roads main purpose is to link Broken Hill (The Silver City) to areas north and south of the city. The Broken Hill ore deposit contains a vast amount of silver, lead, and zinc. At one stage the name Four States Highway was also considered as the road connects to Queensland and Victoria at each end, and also to South Australia via the Barrier Highway from Broken Hill.

The Silver City Highway is a highway that links Buronga, New South Wales to the Queensland border via Wentworth, Broken Hill, and Tibooburra, in the arid Far West region of New South Wales. A short branch also connects to the Calder Highway on the Victorian border at Curlwaa. This branch is also signed as the Calder Highway, despite legally being part of the Silver City Highway. Parts of the highway north of Broken Hill are unsealed. The namesake of the highway is derived from the moniker for Broken Hill–the "Silver City", which the highway travels through.

Der Silver City Highway ist eine Fernstraße im Westen des australischen Bundesstaates New South Wales. Er verläuft in Nord-Süd-Richtung entlang der Grenze von New South Wales und South Australia und verbindet den Stuart Highway in "Buronga" am Murray River mit der "Noccundra Warri Warri Gate Road" am "Warri Warri Gate" an der Grenze zu Queensland.


Background.

Presidential election.

The elections came a month after the presidential election won by François Hollande of the Socialist Party. Since 2002, legislative elections immediately follow the presidential ones. This was designed to limit the possibility of a cohabitation, whereby the President and his or her Prime Minister, backed by a parliamentary majority, would be of opposite parties. The aim was also to give the new President and his government a "double mandate", the election of the President being followed by

Ethnic and gender pluralism.

In order to make possible the election of some candidates of non-European ethnic background (North African, Subsaharan African and West Indian) as well as for female candidates, the Socialist Party had, like in 2007, reserved several constituencies for them, 22 for ethnic minorities and 49% for women.  At

Electoral system.

A total of 6,603 candidates ran for the 577 seats, an average of 11 per constituency. Some 40% are women. The law mandates that every party must have between 49 and 51% of women among its candidates, or have their public funding significantly reduced. "Some parties, among the richest, prefer to pay the fine" rather than comply with this rule, according to Libération. The law also does not take electability into account, and significant numbers of women candidates run in constituencies where their party does not stand a real chance.  French expatriates elected their own MPs for the first time – voting early, from 23 to 26 May or on 2 or 3 June for the first round and from 6 to 12 June or on 16 or 17 June for the second, depending on their location and the method by which they cast their ballot. If an expatriate votes via the Internet, he or she has a week to do so from 23 to 26 May. A postal ballot may be cast, if received by 31 May in the Americas or by 1 June in the rest of the world. Those who prefer to vote in person in their local consulate must do so on 2 June in the Americas or 3 June in the rest of the world.

The two-round system.

Each of the 577 constituencies elects one representative to the National Assembly, in a two-round election. A candidate is elected in the first round if he or she obtains an absolute majority of the vote in his or her constituency "and" the votes of at least one quarter of all registered voters in the constituency. If a large number of voters abstain, an absolute majority of the vote may thus not be enough, although this rarely happens. (In the 2012 election, one surprising example was in Martinique's 3rd constituency, where

Redistricting.

The Constitutional Council approved in 2010 the first redistricting of electoral boundaries since 1986 to reflect France's changing demographics. The population ratio between the most populated and least populated constituencies was reduced from 1:3.6 to 1:2. A study by Regards Citoyens indicated that the number of seats increased in areas held by the

Parties.

Main parties and their aims.

The Socialist Party sought to obtain a parliamentary majority with which to implement its policies. Three possible scenarios could have occurred if the left won overall:  The Union for a Popular Movement officially aimed to win the election. Its primary stated aim, however, was to obtain enough seats to prevent the left from having the 3/5ths Congress majority which would enable it to adopt constitutional reforms (such as granting the right to vote to foreign residents in local elections). The UMP's task was complicated by the popularity of the far-right National Front, which the polls indicated could obtain enough support to reach the second round in a large number of constituencies, thus splitting the right-wing vote. (Under French electoral law, in legislative elections, a third party advances to the second round if it obtains the votes of at least 12.5% of "registered" voters – i.e., including those who abstain.)  The Left Front aimed to have a sizable group in Parliament, with which to have meaningful influence on the policies of the Socialist government.  The National Front

UMP position on the National Front.

With the prospect of National Front candidates reaching the second round alongside the mainstream candidates of the left and right in a number of constituencies, the Socialist Party announced that it would withdraw its candidate from the second round in those constituencies, if and only if it appeared that the National Front candidate had a realistic prospect of winning. In such cases, the Socialists would support the UMP candidate as part of a "republican front" against the far right. The UMP, by contrast, refrained from saying it would withdraw and support a Socialist candidate in those same circumstances.  Instead,

Campaign.

The official campaign began, in metropolitan France, on 21 May. In every constituency, each candidate has a billboard outside every polling station, upon which to display a campaign poster. Campaign material is also distributed by candidates' supporters in the streets and in letterboxes, and many campaign posters are illegally displayed in the streets. Transmitting campaign material to voters by e-mail is, however, prohibited. Nationwide, parties represented in the National Assembly prior to the election (i.e., the Union for a Popular Movement, the

Results.

Overall.

The election was won by the left, providing the new government with an absolute parliamentary majority. The parties of the presidential majority together have 55.97% of seats; with the Left Front providing them with supply

Overall results by party.

The Socialist Party (along with a small number of affiliated miscellaneous left candidates) obtained 300 seats, an absolute majority. Favoured by electoral alliances with the Socialist Party, its close allies, the Radical Party of the Left and the Citizen and Republican Movement, obtained respectively 13 and 2 seats, for a total of 315. This meant that the Socialists could govern without having to rely on the support of other left-wing parties – the Greens, or the Left Front.  Europe Ecology – The Greens (EELV), part of the government and of the presidential majority, also benefited from an electoral alliance with the Socialists, increasing its number of seats from just 4 to 18. (They immediately lost one, however, as EELV leader Cécile Duflot had to relinquish her seat in order to stay in government, and her seat went to her Socialist running mate.) This enabled the

Gains and losses.

Based on notional party affiliation on dissolution after redistricting, regardless of party affiliation on previous election. Based on notional distribution of seats before dissolution and after the 2010 redistricting, 149 seats switched party (26% of the National Assembly, more than in any of the three previous elections). 8 seats switched

Notable individual results.

Government ministers.

It is not compulsory in France for a government minister to obtain an electoral mandate, but ministers usually do seek the legitimacy it implies. As no person may simultaneously be a member of the executive and the legislature, any government minister elected to Parliament must immediately resign from their newly obtained seat in the Assembly, in order to remain a minister. Their running mate then takes their seat, and holds it

Others.

Other notable national political figures fared as follows:  Elected or re-elected:  Beaten:

Notable races.

These constituencies attracted particular media interest, due to the presence of a notable candidate facing for example unexpected difficulties, or on the contrary an unexpectedly easy race, or due to the prospect of a significant and meaningful change in fortune for a party. "Libération" published a list of "twenty-five constituencies to watch out for", with commentaries. France 24 identified eleven "constituencies to watch out for".

Pas-de-Calais 11th.

For the first time, two major candidates from the presidential election stood in the same constituency for the legislative election. Jean-Luc Mélenchon (Left Front) and Marine Le Pen (National Front) are both standing in the Pas-de-Calais's 11th constituency, centred on the town of Hénin-Beaumont. The incumbent MP, Odette Duriez of the Socialist Party, is not standing for re-election; the Socialist candidate is Philippe Kemel. The Le Pen-Mélenchon duel attracted international media attention, including for

Pyrénées-Atlantiques 2nd.

Attention was also drawn to the Pyrénées-Atlantiques's 2nd constituency, where presidential candidate François Bayrou of the centrist Democratic Movement was hoping to retain his seat. Bayrou had held the seat continuously since 1988, but the press raised the possibility that he might this time be beaten. Until 2002, the mainstream right had not stood a candidate against him, and in 2007

Charente-Maritime 1st.

In Charente-Maritime's 1st constituency, no candidate of the right, centre or far right reached the second round. The second round was between Ségolène

Paris 4th.

In well-off Paris's 4th constituency, the opposite situation arose: the two candidates qualified for the second round were both from the right: Bernard Debré for the UMP (45.07% in the first round), and Brigitte Kuster,

Hauts-de-Seine 9th.

The Hauts-de-Seine's 9th constituency, traditionally a very safe seat for the right, raised unexpected difficulties for UMP candidate and former Minister of the Interior Claude Guéant. A dissident member of the UMP, Thierry Solere, contested his legitimacy, stood against

Meurthe-et-Moselle 5th.

This constituency drew attention due to the behaviour and situation of UMP candidate Nadine Morano, who had been Minister for Professional Training in François Fillon's government from 2010 to 2012. She finished second in the first round (34.33%) behind Socialist candidate Dominique Potier (39.29%) and, in the hopes of obtaining more votes in the second, appealed explicitly to the voters of the eliminated National Front, on the grounds of "common values" in what she called a "duel between the right and the left". She defined her common values with far right voters as including "control over immigration, refusing to give foreigners the right

Bouches-du-Rhône 5th.

Marie-Arlette Carlotti, junior Minister for the Disabled, stood in this constituency against the UMP incumbent Renaud Muselier, who had held the seat since 1993. On paper, media reported that, of all the twenty-six ministers standing in the legislative elections, she seemed the least likely to win her

Essonne 8th.

In addition to Marine Le Pen, Jean-Luc Mélenchon and François Bayrou, three candidates from the presidential election were standing in this legislative election. Nicolas Dupont-Aignan (Arise the Republic) finished first in the first round in Essonne's 8th constituency, with 42.82% of the vote, heading into a runoff with Socialist candidate

Legislative elections took place on 10 and 17 June 2012 (and on other dates for small numbers of voters outside metropolitan France) to select the members of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic – a little over a month after the French presidential election run-off held on 6 May.

Die Parlamentswahl in Frankreich 2012 war für den 10. und 17. Juni angesetzt und führten zur Wahl der 14. Nationalversammlung der Fünften Republik Frankreichs. Am 6. Mai 2012 hatte die Stichwahl der Französischen Präsidentschaftswahl 2012 stattgefunden; François Hollande (PS) hatte diese gewonnen. Gewählt wurden nun 577 Abgeordnete aus allen Landesteilen, auch aus den überseeischen Gebieten. Aus der Wahl ging die PS als klare Siegerin hervor. Sie verpasste mit 280 Mandaten knapp die absolute Mehrheit (289 Sitze); zusammen mit ihrem engsten Bündnispartner, der Parti radical de gauche (12 Mandate), hatte sie 292 Sitze. Damit verfügten Hollande und die Sozialisten mit ihren Bündnispartnern über eine Mehrheit in beiden Parlamentskammern, zumindest bis zur nächsten Senatswahl im September 2014.


Career.

Atalanta and loans.

Born in Viareggio, Tuscany, Gentili was signed by Atalanta B.C. from Polisportiva Margine Coperta in 2004 in a temporary deal, along with Michele Marconi, Leonardo Manni and Daniele Lonetti. In the next season he was signed definitely from the Massa e Cozzile based side. He was promoted to Atalanta B.C.'s Primavera U19 reserve team in 2006.  In 2008, he left Atalanta for another Lombard club Pergocrema. Gentili made his professional debut in the Italian Cup, However, he failed to play any game in the league nor in the league cup.  In the next season he was transferred to another Lombard club Varese, also in the same level as Pergocrema. He won promotion to Serie B with Varese in June 2010.  Atalanta kept Gentili for 2010–11 Serie B season, however he only played once for the champions.  In July 2011 he left the Serie A club for the third level side Spezia, but had an operation in his right ankle in the same month. Gentili won promotion to Serie B again as one of the group stage winner of the third level. The team also won 2012 Lega Pro Prime Division Supercup, a tournament between the two winners of the two groups of that level. However, he was not feature in the line-up nor on the bench of the matches. Gentili did featured for Spezia in the finals of the league up as an unused bench, which the team was the winner.  On 28 August 2012 he left for Serie B struggler Vicenza which relegated in the last season but re-admitted to Serie B due to the expulsion of Lecce.

Reggina.

On 2 September 2013 Gentili was signed by Serie B club Reggina in a co-ownership deal for a peppercorn fee.

Vicenza.

On 31 January 2014 he left for Vicenza in a 31⁄2-year contract (re-sold from Atalanta in another co-ownership deal for a peppercorn fee of €250). In June 2014 Vicenza acquired the remaining 50% registration rights of Gentili, from Atalanta for free.  In December 2015 Gentili was released by the Veneto club.

Carrarese.

On 14 February 2017 Gentili was signed by Carrarese.

FC Pecciolese.

On 24 January 2019, Gentili officially signed with FC Pecciolese 1936.

Matteo Gentili (born 21 August 1989) is an Italian footballer who plays as a defender for A.C. Prato. He represented Italy at the 2008 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship, where they came second, and at the 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup.

Matteo Gentili (* 21. August 1989 in Viareggio) ist ein italienischer Fußballspieler. Seit Sommer 2013 steht der Verteidiger bei Reggina Calcio unter Vertrag.


History.

Early settlement and mission.

The traditional owners of the area are the Mulluk-Mulluk people who live both in Nauiyu and at Wooliana downstream from the community.  European settlement of Daly River began in 1865 with the arrival of Boyle Travers Finniss, the first Premier of South Australia and the first Government Resident of the Northern Territory. Finniss named the river after Sir Dominick Daly, the Governor of South Australia, since the Northern Territory was at that time part of South Australia. The region lay untouched by Europeans until 1882 when copper was discovered.  Daly River town was the scene of some particularly bloody exchanges between the local Aborigines and the miners. In 1884 three miners were killed. The miners in the town wreaked vengeance on the local Aborigines out of proportion to the perceived crime. A year later, probably aware of the tensions in the area, the Society of Jesus order of the Roman Catholic Church established a mission in the town, introducing Christianity and farming techniques to the local Aboriginal population. The original mission endured until 1899, when following a significant flood the missionaries were withdrawn.  In 1954, contact between traditional Malak Malak elders and the then bishop of Darwin led to the mission being reestablished. In 1955, the church purchased of land and the Missionaries of the Sacred Heart helped to establish a school and a clinic for the community. The mission was later renamed Nauiyu and with the exception of the church, convent, school and associated residences transferred to community ownership. Due to the influence of the mission in the town, 75% percent of the population identify as Roman Catholics.  Through the twentieth century there were a number of attempts to settle the town without real success. In 1911 the Commonwealth Government tried to convince people to move to the town. By the 1920s there were plans for crops of peanuts and tobacco which came to nothing. Cashews and sugar cane were also planted unsuccessfully. In 1967 the Tipperary Land Corporation cleared large tracts of land around the settlement and started growing sorghum but the operation was closed down in 1973.

Floods.

Like other rivers of the top end, the Daly is prone to seasonal flooding and this has had a significant impact on the small community throughout its history. Major flood events devastated the town in 1899 and 1957, causing widespread property damage. On 28 January 1998, a major natural disaster saw every building in the town inundated and the entire population airlifted to Batchelor during the emergency evacuation. The floodwaters, fed by heavy rainfall in the wake of Tropical Cyclone Les continued to rise until 3 February, reaching a peak of, the highest level recorded to date.

Economy and infrastructure.

Daly River is considered a remote community, and is primarily accessed via the Daly River Road which was sealed as far as the river crossing in 2007, providing all weather access to Darwin. A sealed airstrip at Nauiyu provides for charter and medical evacuation flights, however there are no scheduled air services to the airport, or aircraft regularly based in the town.  Other public facilities at Daly River include a public library, swimming pool, school and health clinic. There is a Catholic church, St Francis Xavier located in Nauiyu. The Victoria Daly Regional Council maintains a regional office in the community, contributing more than 40 jobs to the local economy. Public Administration is by far the largest employment industry, accounting for over half of the workforce.  The town and surrounding district are served by a modern police station, built in 1994. Two members of the Northern Territory Police are based here. The area serviced by the station is, and the responsibilities of the Daly River members include Emergency Management and boat access to the communities when the roads are cut by seasonal flooding.

Attractions.

Today the town is little more than a pub with a few motel units, a police station, and a free caravan park. It is located on the banks of the river a couple of kilometres from the Daly River Crossing, now by sealed road from the main tourist route, the Stuart Highway. The settlement is a centre for visitors to explore the Daly River Nature Park and fishermen after barramundi. The park is home to saltwater crocodiles, reptiles, spiders, cockatoos, wild pigs, feral Water Buffalo, mangroves, giant bamboos, pandanus and Kapok trees.  The Daly River is famed for its large barramundi and is one of the more popular waterways for recreational fishing. It hosts two major fishing competitions annually, the "Barra Classic" and the "Barra Nationals". The best barramundi fishing is generally just after the wet season when the flooded river is falling fast and clear water is pouring in off the floodplains. The floodwater carries baitfish which in turn attracts predatory barramundi.  The Daly River is home to more freshwater turtle species than anywhere else in Australia.  On the road east of Daly River is a turnoff to Woolianna, a camping and caravan park on the banks of the river, one of several such parks. Just before entering the town there is a turnoff to the Nauiyu Aboriginal Community, home to the Roman Catholic Mission and Merrepen Arts Centre where Aboriginal artifacts are sold.

Daly River is the name of a river and a town in the Northern Territory of Australia. At the 2006 census, Daly River had a population of 468. The town is part of the Victoria Daly Region local government area. Settlement on the river is centred on the Aboriginal community of Nauiyu, originally the site of a Catholic mission, as well as the town of Daly River itself, at the river crossing a few kilometres to the south. The area is popular for recreational fishing, being regarded as one of the best places to catch Barramundi in Australia. The Daly River is part of the Daly Catchment that flows from northern Northern Territory to central Northern Territory.

Daly River ist eine Stadt im Norden des australischen Territoriums Northern Territory. Bei der letzten Volkszählung 2016 hatte die Kleinstadt 127 Einwohner.


Location and communications.

Buriti is located in the extreme south of the state between Morrinhos and Itumbiara. It is part of the Meia Ponte Microregion. The distance to the state capital, Goiânia, is 181 km. The distance to the important BR-153 highway is 26 km. The elevation is 620 meters above sea level.  Highway connections from Goiânia are made by BR-153, passing through Aparecida de Goiânia and Professor Jamil and taking GO-419. Source: Sepin  Buriti has boundaries with the following municipalities: Morrinhos (north); Itumbiara and Tupaciguara, (south); Água Limpa (east); and Goiatuba (west).  The municipality is crossed by several rivers, the most important being the Paranaíba and the Corumbá. There is also the Pirancanjuba, which flows into the Corumbá. The Lago das Brisas with an area of 778 km is formed by the meeting of the waters of the Piracanjuba, Corumbá and Paranaíba.

History.

Buriti Alegre began in 1910 with the construction of a chapel on the Buriti ranch. The chapel was dedicated to Our Lady of Aparecida and attracted pilgrims from around the region. In 1914 it became a district of Catalão. In 1927 it was dismembered to become a municipality.  (Seplan)

Economy.

The economy is based on cattle raising and agriculture, which is diversified, producing corn, rice, soybeans, oranges, and bananas. In the 1950s Buriti had one of the largest herds of zebu cattle in the country, but today the number is around 80 thousand head. There are slaughterhouses for cattle and poultry in the town.  Agricultural Production (Seplan and IBGE)  Farm data 2006  (Seplan and IBGE)  (Seplan and IBGE)

Education (2006).

Ranking on the Municipal Human Development Index (*Frigoletto)

Buriti Alegre is a municipality in south Goiás state, Brazil. The population was 8,287 inhabitants (2007) in a total area of 897.4 km. Buriti Alegre is a large producer of poultry products.

Buriti Alegre, amtlich, ist eine brasilianische politische Gemeinde im Bundesstaat Goiás in der Mesoregion Süd-Goiás und in der Mikroregion Meia Ponte.


Methods.

Transparency International commissioned the University of Passau's to produce the CPI. The 2012 CPI takes into account 16 different surveys and assessments from 12 different institutions. The 13 surveys/assessments are either business people opinion surveys or performance assessments from a group of analysts. Early CPIs used public opinion surveys. The institutions are:  Countries need to be evaluated by at least three sources to appear in the CPI. The CPI measures perception of corruption due to the difficulty of measuring absolute levels of corruption.

Validity.

A study published in 2002 found a "very strong significant correlation" between the Corruption Perceptions Index and two other proxies for corruption: black market activity and overabundance of regulation.  All three metrics also had a highly significant correlation with real gross domestic product per capita (RGDP/Cap); the Corruption Perceptions Index correlation with RGDP/Cap was the strongest, explaining over three fourths of the variance. (Note that a lower index on this scale reflects greater corruption, so that countries with higher RGDPs generally had less corruption.)

Economic implications.

Research papers published in 2007 and 2008 examined the economic consequences of corruption perception, as defined by the CPI. The researchers found a correlation between a higher CPI and higher long-term economic growth, as well as an increase in GDP growth of 1.7% for every unit increase in a country's CPI score. Also shown was a power-law dependence linking higher CPI score to higher rates of foreign investment in a country.

Rankings.

Legend:

2011.

The 20 top countries or regions that were ranked as having the lowest perceived levels of corruption were (note scale of 10 to 1): The 20 bottom countries that were ranked as having the highest perceived levels of corruption were:

2010.

The 20 top countries or regions that were ranked as having the lowest perceived levels of corruption were (note scale of 10 down to 1): The 20 bottom countries that were ranked as having the highest perceived levels of corruption were:

Criticism and limitations.

The Index has been criticized on the basis of its methodology.  According to political scientist Dan Hough, three flaws in the Index include: Media outlets frequently use the raw numbers as a yardstick for government performance, without clarifying what the numbers mean. The local Transparency International chapter in Bangladesh disowned the index results after a change in methodology caused the country's scores to increase; media reported it as an "improvement".  In a 2013 article in "Foreign Policy", Alex Cobham suggested that CPI should be dropped for the good of Transparency International. It argues that the CPI embeds a powerful and misleading elite bias in popular perceptions of corruption, potentially contributing to a vicious cycle and at the same time incentivizing inappropriate policy responses. Cobham writes, "the index corrupts perceptions to the extent that it's hard to see a justification for its continuing publication."  However, recent econometric analyses that have exploited the existence of natural experiments on the level of corruption and compared the CPI with other subjective indicators have found that, while not perfect, the CPI is argued to be broadly consistent with one-dimensional measures of corruption.  In the United States, many lawyers advise international businesses to consult the CPI when attempting to measure the risk of Foreign Corrupt Practices Act violations in different nations. This practice has been criticized by the "Minnesota Journal of International Law", which wrote that since the CPI may be subject to perceptual biases it therefore should not be considered by lawyers to be a measure of actual national corruption risk.  Transparency International also publishes the Global Corruption Barometer, which ranks countries by corruption levels using direct surveys instead of perceived expert opinions, which has been under criticism for substantial bias from the powerful elite.  Transparency International has warned that a country with a clean CPI score may still be linked to corruption internationally. For example, while Sweden had the 3rd best CPI score in 2015, one of its state-owned companies, TeliaSonera, was facing allegations of bribery in Uzbekistan.

The Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) is an index published annually by Transparency International since 1995 which ranks countries "by their perceived levels of public sector corruption, as determined by expert assessments and opinion surveys." The CPI generally defines corruption as "the misuse of public power for private benefit".

Der Korruptionswahrnehmungsindex (englisch Corruption Perceptions Index, abgekürzt CPI, kurz auch "Korruptionsindex") ist ein von Transparency International herausgegebener Kennwert zur Korruption. Der Index wird seit 1995 erhoben und wird in Form einer Rangordnung veröffentlicht, die das wahrgenommene Korruptionsniveau im öffentlichen Sektor von 180 Staaten vergleicht. Transparency International ist eine nichtstaatliche Organisation, die sich weltweit dem Kampf gegen Korruption widmet. Der CPI ist ihre bedeutendste Publikation und listet Länder nach dem Grad auf, in dem dort Korruption bei Amtsträgern und Politikern wahrgenommen wird. Es ist ein zusammengesetzter Index, der sich auf verschiedene Umfragen und Untersuchungen stützt, die von mehr als zehn unabhängigen Institutionen durchgeführt wurden. Es werden Geschäftsleute sowie Länderanalysten befragt und Umfragen mit Experten im In- und Ausland miteinbezogen. Der Index reicht von 0 bis 100 (bis 2011 max. 10 Punkte), wobei 100 die geringste Wahrnehmung von Korruption anzeigt und somit das bestmögliche Ergebnis ist. Der Index soll die "wahrgenommene" Korruption darstellen. Er ist also explizit kein direktes Maß für die tatsächlich stattfindende Korruption, sondern bildet die Meinung der Befragten über "angenommene" Korruption ab. Diese Meinung kann auf persönlichen Erfahrungen mit Korruption beruhen. Sie kann jedoch auch beispielsweise durch sensationsheischende Presseberichte über spektakuläre Korruptionsfälle beeinflusst sein. Dies gilt auch als wesentlicher Kritikpunkt am CPI. In vielen Ländern, in denen die politische Klasse in geringem Ansehen steht, ist die wahrgenommene Korruption sehr hoch. Hier ist nicht immer klar, was Ursache und Folge ist.


History.

1996–2004: Formation and "Choirs of the Eye".

Kayo Dot was formed after the disbanding of maudlin of the Well, a mildly acclaimed progressive heavy metal band in late 2002. Several members of Maudlin went on to form Kayo Dot, with multi-instrumentalist Toby Driver leading the group. In early 2003, Toby Driver (vocals, guitar, electronics), Greg Massi (guitar, vocals), Nicholas Kyte (bass, vocals), Sam Gutterman (drums, vocals) and Terran Olson (keyboards, flute, clarinet, saxophone) carried on and took the metal sound of Maudlin in a more classical direction. Rather than using the same band format as Maudlin of the Well, early performances saw Kayo Dot playing as an orchestra of sorts, with many members playing different instruments on stage. John Zorn's famous avant-garde label Tzadik signed the act in 2003, and "Choirs of the Eye" was released in late 2003. The album was very well-received, and many regard it as one of the best metal albums of the 2000s. Toby Driver would later go on to say that Choirs of the Eye developed because "Kayo Dot is just a natural extension of the places MOTW was heading". After reading online forums in which fans of Opeth and MOTW bickered over compositional styles, Driver decided to make a more "thoroughly-composed metal album...one without riffs and arbitrarily repeating parts." This shift in style became the trademark post-metal or avant-garde metal sound the band is currently known for. Kayo Dot played the album in its entirety in 2010 at The Stone in New York City and again in August 2015.

2005–2007: "Dowsing Anemone with Copper Tongue".

In March 2005, longtime collaborator and former MOTW member Sam Gutterman left the group to pursue other musical ventures. Tom Malone signed on to replace Gutterman in 2005. Kayo Dot then signed to Robotic Empire Records and released its second album, "Dowsing Anemone with Copper Tongue" in January 2006. The album was released to good reviews, receiving a 7.7 from Pitchfork, and garnering the band more recognition in the indie metal circle. The album also received a rave review from Sputnikmusic, in which it received a 4.5/5 and was named as one of the best albums of 2006. The band then embarked on a lengthy fall tour before taking a short hiatus, during which two guitarists, the bassist and the trumpet player-left the band for "personal reasons." Despite concerns that there was bad blood between members, Greg Massi said on his blog that he left the group on "good terms" and that "he was going to try and figure out other aspects of my musical life and take some time to figure out where I want to be going." Massi went solo under the moniker Baliset and embarked on a tour shortly afterward. He did, however, guest perform with the group to perform its seminal album "Choirs of the Eye" at The Stone in New York City in 2010.  In late 2006, Kayo Dot left Robotic Empire and signed with Hydra Head Records. Despite retaining only two members (Driver and long time collaborator Mia Matsumiya), the band started work on a new album in late 2007.

2008–2009: "Blue Lambency Downward".

After signing to Hydra Head, Kayo Dot began working on their third album, "Blue Lambency Downward", which was released in May 2008. Driver and Matsumiya used several session musicians on this recording, including Skerik on saxophone and vibraphone, Hans Teuber on clarinet, and Charlie Zeleny on drums. Additionally, Randall Dunn was enlisted as producer and recording engineer. This album marked the first time Driver allowed one of his recordings to be produced by someone other than himself. After the album's release, Driver relocated from Boston to New York City for the purpose of touring the album. A new lineup was assembled, including Patrick Wolff on woodwinds, Daniel Means on woodwinds and guitar, David Bodie on drums and original (and former Maudlin of the Well) member Terran Olson on woodwinds and keyboards.  Despite a successful tour, the album was not received as well as previous releases. Allmusic and Drowned in Sound gave it mostly positive reviews, but it was panned by Pitchfork, who gave it a score of 3.3 out of 10. Among other complaints, the Pitchfork review stated that Blue Lambency Downward had few memorable moments.

2010–2012: "Coyote", "Stained Glass", and "Gamma Knife".

After the poor critical reception and fan response to "Blue Lambency Downward", Driver began working on a new long-form composition with Yuko Sueta, a NYC-based writer, filmmaker, and video artist. A first draft of this piece was premiered at The Stone in September 2008 by The Kayo Dot Auxiliary Unit, which consisted of David Bodie and Daniel Means of Kayo Dot, Yuko Sueta, and Tim Byrnes on trumpet. Shortly after, Sueta became incapacitated by breast cancer. Driver then re-drafted and adapted the piece, which was recorded in Seattle during June–July 2009 with Randall Dunn at the production helm. A tour with Secret Chiefs 3 followed, after which the album was released as 2010's "Coyote" on Hydra Head. Sueta died while the record was in post-production, which compelled the band to dedicate their performance to her. The album featured a rotating lineup of Driver on bass and vocals, Terran Olson on keyboards, David Bodie on drums, Mia Matsumiya on violin, Tim Byrnes on trumpet, and Daniel Means on woodwinds. Despite receiving mixed reviews, some sources (including PopMatters) praised "Coyote" for its concept.  Immediately after "Coyote", Kayo Dot released an EP entitled "Stained Glass" in November, 2010. It featured a guest guitar solo by Trey Spruance of Secret Chiefs 3 and Mr. Bungle fame. "Stained Glass" was partially recorded at Zing Studios in Westfield, Massachusetts, by Jim Fogarty, and partially by Toby Driver at his home studio. Consisting of one self-titled track, the twenty-minute EP was released on CD by Hydra Head Records and on LP by Antithetic Records in early 2011. "Stained Glass" features lyrics by Jason Byron, but only some of the ones written were actually sung on the album. The remaining lyrics appear in the liner notes, some of which were later used in Jason Byron's book, "The Sword of Satan" which was included with the LP release of "Hubardo" in 2013. Like "Coyote", "Stained Glass" was released to mixed reviews. The critical and commercial failure of these albums, resulted in Kayo Dot and Hydra Head mutually parting ways.  Kayo Dot was left without financial support from a label and decided to stay independent, so the band recorded the album "Gamma Knife" live at a concert in Brooklyn, New York on October 5, 2011. The album was different in that it was recorded with a budget of zero dollars via six channels of microphones into a laptop helmed by a friend of the band, composer Jeremiah Cymerman. The concert featured several moments of audience participation. It received moderately good reception and was seen as a return to the group's metal roots. It was self-released on their own imprint Ice Level Music, digitally on January 4, 2012 on Bandcamp and later by another record company, Antithetic Records on CD and LP. The lineup remained the same, except Keith Abrams played drums on the album. "Gamma Knife" was received critically better than the past few albums, as SputnikMusic gave it a 3.5/5 and said "for the first time in years, Kayo Dot feels musically relevant."

2013-Present: "Hubardo", "Coffins on Io", and "Plastic House on Base of Sky".

In 2013, Driver announced a pre-order for Kayo Dot's new concept double-album, which contained approximately 100 minutes of music. Instead of using Kickstarter like many other crowd-funded musical projects, he announced that the album would be financed with money earned from pre-orders. It would be named "Hubardo" (which means "lamp" in Enochian), and its release would mark the group's ten year anniversary. Driver announced that the album was recorded in the spring of 2013 in Seattle by longtime collaborator Randall Dunn. It was digitally released on September 10, 2013 to widespread acclaim, and received good reviews from multiple sources Through crowd-funding, Kayo Dot self-released a triple LP that sold out immediately, containing a 40-page book/poem by former Maudlin of the Well guest vocalist Jason Byron entitled "The Sword of Satan." Byron also wrote the album's lyrics. The album featured a line up similar to previous albums, with the exception of guitarist Ron Varod and Byron's guest vocals on the first half of "The Black Stone." This was Byron's first recorded appearance since Maudlin of the Well's "Bath" and "Leaving Your Body Map". It is widely considered a return to the group's metal roots, and was selected as the 4th best album of 2013 by SputnikMusic. Sputnik noted that "Hubardo" "recalls the black metal chamber music of Choirs of the Eye."  Despite the involvement of Terran Olson and Mia Matsumiya, neither participated in the ensuing tour, except as occasional guest musicians. The U.S. tour for "Hubardo" commenced in early 2014, and included dates at SXSW. Many dates were sold out.  On July 10, 2014, the band announced a new album called "Coffins on Io" to be released October 16 via The Flenser. Driver said of the record, "Basically the vibe that we’re going for here is inspired by 80s retro-future noir—Blade Runner...I wanted to make a good record to put on while you drive across the desert at night under a toxic, post-apocalyptic atmosphere...There’s a weird underlying theme of murder, shame and death." The album was released on October 15, 2014.  Violinist Matsumiya's Instagram screenshots documenting the online abuse she has received were the subject of an October 2015 BBC video.  The band's eighth studio album, "Plastic House on Base of Sky", was released on June 24, 2016. The album has been noted to feature an increased influence from electronic music.

Musical style.

Unlike maudlin of the Well, Kayo Dot's sound is a mixture of black metal, atmospheric metal, and chamber music. The label on their debut reads, "Kayo Dot powerfully integrates elements of modern classical composition with layers of guitars and vocals more common to rock and metal." The group's sound continually changes from album to album, and this unpredictability has become one of their trademarks.  Early Kayo Dot recordings are notable for their classical leanings and composition, as well as their eclectic instrumentation. Loud walls of guitars and quiet interludes are equally common, which has led to their music being labeled post-metal, post-rock, progressive rock and avant-garde. All of their music is thoroughly composed, with no improvisation. Kayo Dot is known for employing the complex instrumentation of progressive rock, with song lengths and structures reminiscent of classical.  Toby Driver has said that his influences in Kayo Dot include artists such as The Cure, Scott Walker, Emperor, Ulver, John Zorn, Gorguts, and Björk. He has denied the presence of jazz in Kayo Dot music.

Kayo Dot is an American avant-garde music group. Formed in 2003 by Toby Driver after the break-up of "maudlin of the Well", they released their debut album "Choirs of the Eye" on John Zorn's Tzadik Records that same year. Since then, Kayo Dot's lineup has drastically changed over the years. Toby Driver is the only founding member of the band still remaining, save for frequent lyrical contributions from former motW member Jason Byron. Up until 2011, the lineup was constantly shifting, and Kayo Dot's sound consistently changed over the years, featuring a wide variety of instrumentation including guitar, drums, bass, violin, saxophone, vibraphone, synthesizers, clarinets and flutes. Underground metal audiences warmly received the group upon its early existence, with the 2003 album "Choirs of the Eye" and the 2006 album "Dowsing Anemone with Copper Tongue" both becoming underground hits in the progressive metal scene.

Kayo Dot ist eine US-amerikanische Metal-, Avantgarde- und Progressive-Rock-Band aus Brooklyn, New York. Sie trat im Jahre 2003 die Nachfolge der Gruppe maudlin of the Well an. Neben der Gruppe maudlin of the Well kann auch das Projekt Tartar Lamb als Satelliten-Band Kayo Dots gelten.


Early life.

Sarkis was born in Diyana, Erbil Governorate of Iraqi Kurdistan in 1962. He is an Assyrian with family origins from the Nochiya tribe. He was first elected into the Kurdistan National Assembly in the first Iraqi Kurdistan elections in 1992, beginning his political career. Sarkis Aghajan Mamendo was also the Minister for Finance and the Economy from 1999 to 2006, and Deputy Prime Minister from 2004 to 2006 in the Arbil and Dohuk administration. Aghajan appears to owe his ascendancy within the Kurdistan Democratic Party power structure to his personal relationship with Nechervan Idris Barzani, the Kurdish prime minister. His supporters say that as young men, the two were forced to flee Iraq with their families in 1975 after the United States withdrew its support of the Barzani clan, and so Nechervan grew up with Sarkis on the Aghajan family estate in Iran.

Activities.

Sarkis is known, in addition to his political roles, for massive development and aid programs he has begun in which he built or repaired dozens of Churches, roads, schools and Assyrian settlements throughout northern Iraq through the "Higher Committee for Christian Affairs" that he established. He is also a major funder and owner of the new Assyrian TV channel Ishtar TV, which is broadcast in three languages (Syriac, Arabic, and Kurdish).

Awards and controversies.

In August 2006, Sarkis was awarded the "Knight Commander of the order of Saint Gregory the Great" by Pope Benedict XVI as a way to honour his work helping the Assyrian Christian community in Iraq. Aghajan was awarded the title, which is one of the highest and most widely recognized pontifical orders, for his contribution to the Assyrian community and his work for Christians in Iraq.  Many Assyrian non-governmental organizations claim that the Kurdistan Regional Government only appointed Aghajan to a high office in the Kurdish government in order to look tolerant towards Assyrians so that they could justify a possible annexation of Assyrian settlements in the Nineveh plains. It has also been speculated that he gets some of his funding from lobbying efforts in the United States by the Assyrian American congresswoman Anna Eshoo for the purpose of rebuilding Assyrian settlements, although he personally claims that the money is raised by Kurdish political parties instead.  He also finances his own militia which is accused of assaulting Assyrian candidates during the 2009 Governorates Elections in Nineveh.

Disappearance and reappearance.

For a period during 2008-2009 the Assyrian Finance minister went missing. Many people believed that he was kidnapped or the victim of assassination. Part of this speculation was due to the fact that around the same period he went missing more than 20,000 Assyrian had been displaced and 13 killed in Mosul as part of a pogrom in 2008, and there were rumors of Corruption in the Kurdistan government, and as finance minister he might have been aware of it, leading to speculation that he might have been killed to cover it up. However, after going missing, a new finance minister was appointed, and then shortly after being replaced he was found again in the summer of 2009, when he appeared in his palace in Ankawa in what he claimed to be a medical vacation outside the country. He stopped giving funds to Assyrian Christian Communities, causing the Chaldean Catholic Church to have significant financial issues during the financial crisis of 2007–2008, and as a result it was forced to sell land it held in the center of Baghdad.

Sarkis Aghajan Mamendo (), (born 1962) is an Iraqi Assyrian politician who was appointed Minister for Finance and Economy in the cabinet of Iraqi Kurdistan on 7 May 2006.

Sarkis Aghajan Mamendo oder Sarkis Aghadschan Mamindu (, ; * 1962 in Diana) ist ein assyrischer Politiker. Seine Familie stammt ursprünglich aus Hakkâri in der Türkei. Nach dem Völkermord an den Aramäern im Ersten Weltkrieg wanderte die Familie nach Russland aus, dann in den Iran und schließlich in den Irak. Von 2004 bis 2006 war er stellvertretender Ministerpräsident der irakischen Autonomen Region Kurdistan, von 1999 bis 2009 war er Minister für Finanzen. Von 1992 bis 2005 war er Abgeordneter im kurdischen Parlament.


Context.

Khrushchev and Kennedy prior to the summit.

Kennedy and Khrushchev first met at the Vienna Summit in June 1961. Prior to meeting face to face, their contact began when Khrushchev sent Kennedy a message on November 9, 1960, congratulating him on his presidential election victory and stating his hope that "relations between [the U.S. and USSR] would again follow the line along which they were developing in Franklin Roosevelt's time." He also told Kennedy that the USSR desired to negotiate with the U.S. on issues relating to "disarmament... a German peace treaty... and other questions which could bring about an easing and improvement of the entire international situation." In a reply message, Kennedy thanked Khrushchev and similar niceties continued until 1961.  On February 22, 1961, Kennedy sent Khrushchev a letter stating, "I hope it will be possible, before too long, for us to meet personally for an informal exchange of views." This was the first time either man suggested a diplomatic meeting. Kennedy felt "that if he could just sit down with Khrushchev" the two leaders could work out their interstate conflicts. Yet, Kennedy's advisers told him not to meet with Khrushchev so soon after the presidential election. The American ambassador to Moscow, Llewellyn E. Thompson, feared that Kennedy misjudged Khrushchev's personality and intentions. Likewise, U.S. diplomat Charles Bohlen "worried that JFK underrated Khrushchev's determination to expand world communism." Nevertheless, Khrushchev accepted Kennedy's summit proposal, and the leaders began to make plans for their official meeting. Meanwhile, Cold War rivalries between the two powers escalated in Germany, Laos, and Cuba. These regional conflicts became major items on the Vienna Summit agenda.

The Berlin question.

Between 1945 and 1961, 2.7 million East Germans emigrated from East Berlin, a part of the German Democratic Republic (GDR), to West Berlin. GDR leader Walter Ulbricht argued that the large number of emigrants leaving East Berlin threatened the existence of the GDR by diminishing its population. In the early months of 1961, Ulbricht pressured Khrushchev to close the border between East and West Berlin. Khrushchev understood Ulbricht's concern but feared that a potential intervention from Western powers would destabilize East Berlin further. Thompson warned in February 1961 that if there were "no progress" on Berlin and Germany, Khrushchev would "almost certainly proceed with [his] separate peace treaty..." The notion of a separate peace treaty threatened American interests in West Germany; if the USSR rendered complete control of East Berlin to the East German government, then the U.S. could only communicate with and control West Berlin with permission from the East German government.  The Berlin Question—whether or not the U.S. would allow the USSR to sign a separate peace treaty with Berlin—dominated Khrushchev and Kennedy's debates at the Vienna Summit. The signing of a separate peace treaty with Berlin did not appeal to American policymakers, who felt comfortable with the division of Germany and Berlin itself. A peace treaty threatened the established balance of power and could potentially lead to the United States losing all its influence in East Berlin.

The Laos question.

A lesser-known conflict fueled controversy at the Vienna Summit as well. "As in Berlin, [Kennedy] inherited in Laos a situation aggravated by near-direct armed confrontation between the Soviet Union and the United States." During Eisenhower's presidency, the U.S. backed a right-wing conservative government (royal government) in Laos to counter that communist threat of the popular Pathet Lao. In Laos, "the Eisenhower government committed millions of dollars in aid" in order to continue the rule of a pro-American leader. Both the Soviets and the Americans knew that a proxy war in Laos drove both countries further into an arms race. Under this context, Khrushchev and Kennedy discussed the Laos situation at length at the Vienna Summit.

The Bay of Pigs Invasion.

The American-facilitated Bay of Pigs Invasion of April 1961 also rocked Khrushchev and Kennedy's relationship. On April 18, 1961, Khrushchev sent Kennedy a telegram that said, "Mr. President, I send you this message in an hour of alarm, fraught with danger for the peace of the whole world. Armed aggression has begun against Cuba." Kennedy countered by saying that the Americans were merely helping support the "100,000 Cubans" attempting to "[resist] the Castro dictatorship." He claimed that the Americans fought on the side of freedom and Cuban self-determination.  Kennedy knew that the Cuban invasion sparked controversy. Therefore, Kennedy felt it crucial to meet with Khrushchev as soon as possible. He hoped that open channels of communication could remedy some of the conflict between the U.S. and the USSR. Khrushchev and Kennedy met in Vienna on June 4, 1961.

Discussions.

Khrushchev and Kennedy devoted a significant amount of time at the Vienna Summit to discussing the Berlin Crisis. Khrushchev opened the conversation by expressing the Soviet perspective that a united Germany "[constituted] a threat of World War III." He pointed to the fact that Germany began World War II. Only 15 years after the end of that war, Germany again posed a "military threat" as a member of NATO. Khrushchev explained that the USSR desired to sign a separate peace treaty with East Germany. Such a treaty, he argued, "would not prejudice the interests of the U.S., the UK, or France." He told Kennedy that if the United States failed to support a peace treaty, the Soviet Union would sign the peace treaty unilaterally.  Kennedy replied that American forces occupied Berlin "by contractual rights" rather than by the agreement of East Germans. Kennedy understood the Soviet perspective but feared that if the U.S. removed its troops from Berlin, "no one would have any confidence in U.S. commitments and pledges." Kennedy insisted that the U.S. maintain its position in Berlin for strategic purposes. Although Kennedy argued that the current balance of power in Germany was effective, Khrushchev said that "no force in the world would prevent the USSR from signing a peace treaty."  When Kennedy pointed out that such a treaty required unilateral action on the part of the Soviet Union, thereby ignoring the four-power agreement signed at the end of World War II, Khrushchev stated that such a peace treaty nullified the four-power agreement. He insisted that the city of Berlin should belong solely to the German Democratic Republic. West Germany, Khrushchev told Kennedy, would remain under American influence. Kennedy countered by saying that the U.S. could not accept such an agreement owing to the prestige it would lose as a result of the decision. In light of this remark, Khrushchev suggested that an "interim arrangement" be considered. Khrushchev remained firm in the fact that "the Soviet Union [would] sign [the peace treaty] in December if the U.S. [refused] an interim agreement."  Kennedy hoped to determine the Soviets' feeling regarding the neutralization of Laos. Kennedy wanted to convince Khrushchev that the United States and Soviet Union could work together to de-escalate tensions in the unstable state. "Without a firm Soviet commitment to stop supplying the guerrillas and to persuade the North Vietnamese to halt their efforts, nothing could be accomplished," Kennedy asserted. On the first day of the Summit, Kennedy quickly discovered that Khrushchev was in no mood to discuss the Laos situation. Khrushchev only rebuffed the United States for playing a significant role in the overthrowing of the Laos government.  The next day, Kennedy approached the Laos subject again. This time, Khrushchev negotiated more willingly. Khrushchev agreed that a "neutral and independent Laos chosen by the Laotians themselves" benefited both the U.S. and the USSR. Although the leaders made no official agreement, they did reach a consensus regarding the future of Laos—cease-fire and ultimate neutralization. This agreement proved to be one of the only accomplishments of the Vienna Summit.

Outcomes.

Seymour Topping's article on "Khrushchev and Vienna" ran in the New York Times on June 3—the day before the conference began. Topping correctly identified the major points of conversation that dominated the conference—the Berlin and Laos questions. Topping also correctly stated Khrushchev's opinions regarding each issue and pinpointed the Soviet perspective on Berlin. Clearly, both the Americans and the Soviets had ample information regarding the other's position prior to the opening of the Summit. However, no one could predict the outcome of the summit, including the leaders' reactions to each other.  For the Americans, the summit was initially seen as a diplomatic triumph. Kennedy had refused to allow Soviet pressure to force his hand, or to influence the American policy of containment. He had adequately stalled Khrushchev and made it clear that the United States was not willing to compromise on a withdrawal from Berlin, whatever pressure Khrushchev may exert on the "testicles of the West," as Khrushchev once called them.  In retrospect the summit may be seen as a failure. The two leaders became increasingly frustrated at the lack of progress of the negotiations. Kennedy later said of Khrushchev, "He beat the hell out of me" and told "New York Times" reporter James 'Scotty' Reston it was the "worst thing in my life. He savaged me." On the other hand, Khrushchev viewed the Summit in a much more positive light. In his memoir, Khrushchev showed ambivalence. He proclaimed, "I was generally pleased with our meeting in Vienna. Even though we came to no concrete agreement, I could tell that [Kennedy] was interested in finding a peaceful solution to world problems and avoiding conflict with the Soviet Union." However, historian William Taubman suggests that Khrushchev merely felt he could "[push Kennedy around]."  In addition to conveying U.S. reluctance to defend the full rights of Berlin's citizens, Kennedy ignored his own cabinet officials' advice to avoid ideological debate with Khrushchev. Khrushchev outmatched Kennedy in this debate and came away believing he had triumphed in the summit over a weak and inexperienced leader. Observing Kennedy's morose expression at the end of the summit, Khrushchev believed Kennedy "looked not only anxious, but deeply upset... I hadn't meant to upset him. I would have liked very much for us to part in a different mood. But there was nothing I could do to help him... Politics is a merciless business."  After the failure of the Bay of Pigs Invasion, the construction of the Berlin Wall, and the Cuban Missile Crisis, then President Kennedy believed that another failure on the part of the United States to gain control and stop communist expansion would fatally damage U.S. credibility with its allies and his own reputation. Kennedy was thus determined to "draw a line in the sand" and prevent a communist victory in the Vietnam War. He told James Reston of The New York Times immediately after his Vienna meeting with Khrushchev, "Now we have a problem making our power credible and Vietnam looks like the place."

The Vienna summit was a summit meeting held on June 4, 1961, in Vienna, Austria, between President John F. Kennedy of the United States and Premier Nikita Khrushchev of the Soviet Union. The leaders of the two superpowers of the Cold War era discussed numerous issues in the relationship between their countries.

Das Gipfeltreffen in Wien fand am 3. und 4. Juni 1961 zwischen Nikita Chruschtschow, Regierungschef der Sowjetunion und Parteichef der KPdSU und John F. Kennedy, Präsident der Vereinigten Staaten statt. Das in Wien im neutralen Österreich abgehaltete Treffen sollte dazu dienen, aktuelle Spannungen zwischen den beiden einander im Kalten Krieg gegenüberstehenden Supermächten zu verringern. Es hatte unmittelbar keine Wirkung.


History.

It was established in 1982 to serve the inhabitants of the Venda bantustan, however, the student body at Univen never consisted of Venda students only, student from all over the Northern Transvaal attended the Institution. After the end of apartheid and the re-integration of the bantustans into South Africa, Univen student body were drawn from all over South Africa. With the South African government's programme of tertiary education reform in the new millennium, Univen became a "comprehensive university", offering both theoretically oriented and practically oriented courses.

Campus.

The University of Venda has one main Campus in Thohoyandou. The Campus houses all seven faculties of the institution namely  The campus also houses the Art Gallery, which has a display of carvings, paintings and clay pots made by both students and local community members. Furthermore, the campus has a full-time Sport Center that is used for indoor Sports as well as other recreational activities such as drama and dance.  The main campus houses nine of the eleven official residences, namely Bernard Ncube, Carousel, F3, F4, F5, Lost City Boys, Lost City Girls, Mango Groove, Riverside and Prefab.

Student Representative Assembly.

The representative student body of the University of Venda is made up an 84-member parliament styled structure. it is led by a 14-member cabinet also known as the SRC executive. The assembly can be further divided into three: the first sub-division is the cabinet that is led by the president, then the deputy president, the secretary-general, the deputy secretary general, there are nine ministerial portfolios as followed; Ministry of Campus and off Campus Housing, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Finance, Bursaries and Projects, Ministry of Gender and people with Disabilities, Ministry of Health, Safety and Security, Ministry of Information, External Affairs and International Relations, Ministry of Legal, Policies, and Constitutional Affairs, Ministry of Religion, Culture, Arts and Heritage, Ministry of Sports and Recreation, and with the equivalence of a ministry there is the Chairperson of the Post Graduate Council. the second sub-division of the SRA is the Structures, these are made up of four-person executives of the Disabled Student Council (DSC), the Housing Representative Council (HRC), the Sports, Recreation and Cultural Committee (SRCC) and the School Councils from all seven faculties of the University. The third sub-division is the parliament which is composed of committees under each ministerial position.  Each member of the SRC is forwarded to parliament by a student formation they belong to except the third sub-division of the Student Representative Council who campaign independently. the Speaker of Parliament is voted in on the first sitting of Parliament by the house. the student parliament sits four times a year, once each quarter of the year.  The Univen SRA is composed of members from different formations, the recognized student formations on campus are: AZAPO Student Convention (AZASCO), Democratic Alliance Student Organization, Economic Freedom Fighters Student Command (EFFSC), Pan-Africanist Student Movement of Azania (PASMA), South African Student Congress (SASCO) and the Student Christian Organization (SCO).  Each organization contests in the general elections to deploy members to the SRA, the term of office is one year, the period begins after annual election that are held during late September or early October. The current head of the SRA is acting President Miss Nokuthula Mabuza after the suspension of the president in the beginning of the second semester.

The University of Venda (UNIVEN) is a South African Comprehensive rural based university, located in Thohoyandou in Limpopo province. It was established in 1982 under the then Republic of Venda government.

Die Universität Venda (englisch: University of Venda), kurz Univen, ist eine staatliche Gesamthochschule-Universität in Thohoyandou in der Provinz Limpopo in Südafrika. Sie wurde 1982 im damaligen Homeland Venda gegründet, seit 1995 liegt der akademische Fokus auf Naturwissenschaften und Technologie. Im Jahr 2002 erfolgte die Umwandlung zur Gesamthochschule.


The Northern Krzna.

The Northern Krzna is a short river which connects with the Southern Krzna in the town of Międzyrzec Podlaski. Similarly to the Southern Krzna, the river flows from Łuków Forests, center of which was formerly inaccessible Jata marsh and nowadays it is a wildlife reserve of the same name. The Northern Krzna is shorter than the Southern Krzna. However, its watershed area is bigger. During the Pleistocene epoch, the valley of the Northern Krzna was one of the routes of draining meltwater to the East. Nowadays, it drains the northern area of Łuków Plain, particularly the remainings of a sandur. From the Jata reserve to the village of Gołaszyn, the Northern Krzna is on the terrain of Łuków Park of Protected Landscape.

Features of the Krzna.

The Krzna is a naturally meandering river, partially unbended by hydrolological processes which constantly change her original character. In the lower current, the water levels of the Krzna are strictly dependent on the Bug River. A characteristic feature of the Krzna are numerous oxbow lakes.  The average flow of the Krzna close to its estuary is. The maximum range of water levels in the lower course is.  Some sections of the Krzna valley are taken into protection, e.g. in the Bug River Gorge Landscape Park of Podlachia, ornithological reserve Czapli Stóg and (in the Southern Krzna valley).

Tributaries.

The most important tributaries of the Krzna are:

The most important towns located by the Krzna.

Łuków (Southern Krzna), Międzyrzec Podlaski, Biała Podlaska

The Krzna is a river in eastern Poland, a left tributary of The Bug. The river is long. The watershed area of the Krzna is. The river flows through Poland's Lublin Voivodeship. The Krzna arises from the connection of two water jets flowing in the Łuków Forest: Northern Krzna and Southern Krzna which is considered to be the beginning of the Krzna. The river empties to the Bug near the town of Terespol and the village of Neple, close to the Belarus border near, the city of Brest. A canal connects it to the Wieprz.

Die Krzna [] ist ein linker Zufluss des Bug in Polen. Sie entspringt mit zwei Quellbächen, der Nördlichen und der Südlichen Krzna (Krzna Północna, Länge 38,5 km, und Krzna Południowa), in einer Höhe von 165 m (Nördliche Krzna) in der Równina Łukowska in der Woiwodschaft Lublin und fließt in im Wesentlichen östlicher Richtung in ihrem insgesamt 120 km langen Lauf bis zu ihrer Mündung in den Bug bei Neple.


History.

Before 1852, Bristol was owned by Reverend James King. His son-in-law, Mr. Joseph R. Anderson, bought 100 acres of the plantation, and named it Bristol.

"Birthplace of Country Music".

The U.S. Congress declared Bristol to be the "Birthplace of Country Music", according to a resolution passed in 1998, recognizing its contributions to early country music recordings and influence, and the Birthplace of Country Music Museum is located in Bristol.  In 1927 record producer Ralph Peer of Victor Records began recording local musicians in Bristol, to attempt to capture the local sound of traditional "folk" music of the region. One of these local sounds was created by the Carter Family, which got its start on July 31, 1927, when A.P. Carter and his family journeyed from Maces Spring, Virginia, to Bristol to audition for Ralph Peer, who was seeking new talent for the relatively embryonic recording industry. They received $50 for each song they recorded. That same visit by Peer to Bristol also resulted in the first recordings by Jimmie Rodgers.  Since 1994, the Birthplace of Country Music Alliance has promoted the city as a destination to learn about country music and the city's role in the creation of an entire music genre. The Alliance is organizing the building of a new Cultural Heritage Center to help educate the public about the history of country music in the region.  On August 1, 2014, the Birthplace of Country Music Museum opened in Bristol, Virginia to commemorate the historical significance of the Bristol Sessions. The museum features a 24,000 sq. ft. building that houses core exhibits, space for special exhibits, a performance theater, and a radio station.  Every year, during the third weekend in September, a music festival called the "Bristol Rhythm & Roots Reunion" takes place. The festival is held downtown, where Tennessee and Virginia meet, and it celebrates Bristol's heritage as the Birthplace of Country Music.

Geography.

Bristol is located in the northeast corner of Tennessee, at (36.569135, -82.197489).  According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of, of which is land and (0.44%) is water.

Climate.

Like much of the rest of the state, Bristol has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification: "Cfa"), although with significantly cooler temperatures, especially in the summer, due to elevation; it is part of USDA hardiness zone 6b, with areas to the southwest falling in zone 7a. The normal monthly mean temperature ranges from in January to in July, while, on average, there are 8.8 days where the temperature stays at or below freezing and 17 days with a high at or above per year. The all-time record low is, set on January 21, 1985, while the all-time record high is, set on June 30, 2012. Precipitation is low compared to much of East Tennessee, averaging annually, and reaches a low during autumn. The rainiest calendar day on record is October 16, 1964 when of rain fell; monthly precipitation has ranged from in October 2002 to in July 2012. Bristol's normal (1981–2010) winter snowfall stands at, significantly more than what most of Tennessee receives. The most snow in one calendar day was on November 21, 1952, while the most in one month is during March 1960, which contributed to the winter of 1959–60, with a total of, finishing as the snowiest on record.

Demographics.

As of the census of 2000, there were 24,821 people, 10,648 households, and 6,825 families residing in the city. The population density in 2000 was 846 people per square mile (326.5/km2). There were 11,511 housing units at an average density of 392.2 per square mile (151.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 95.15% White, 2.97% African American, 0.31% Native American, 0.64% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.23% from other races, and 0.70% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.68% of the population.  There were 10,648 households out of which 26.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.0% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.9% were non-families. Nearly 32% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26, and the average family size was 2.84.  In the city, the population was spread out, with 21.1% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 27.2% from 25 to 44, 24.7% from 45 to 64, and 17.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.3 males.  The median income for a household in the city was $30,039, and the median income for a family was $37,341. Males had a median income of $28,210 versus $21,173 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,535. About 11.5% of families and 15.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.4% of those under age 18 and 12.0% of those age 65 or over.

Professional sports.

Bristol is the location of Bristol Motor Speedway, a NASCAR Sprint Cup track. Bristol is also home to Bristol Dragway, which hosts the Ford Thunder Valley Nationals, an NHRA national event.  A Pittsburgh Pirates R-league minor league affiliate, the Bristol Pirates, plays its home games at DeVault Memorial Stadium in Bristol, Virginia.

Media.

Television: Note-WEMT is Licensed to Greeneville, Tennessee, but co-located with sister station WCYB-TV.  Radio:  Newspaper:

Police department.

The Bristol, Tennessee Police Department is the municipal law enforcement agency for the city. The BPD has 69 sworn officers and 25 civilian supportive staff. It also makes use of citizen volunteers as an auxiliary staff that saves the department over $100,000 annually.

References.

Notes Further reading

Bristol is a city in Sullivan County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 26,702 at the 2010 census. It is the twin city of Bristol, Virginia, which lies directly across the state line between Tennessee and Virginia. The boundary between the two cities is also the state line, which runs along State Street in their common downtown district. Bristol is a principal city of the Kingsport−Bristol−Bristol, TN-VA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is a component of the Johnson City−Kingsport−Bristol, TN-VA Combined Statistical Area − commonly known as the "Tri-Cities" region.

Bristol ist eine US-amerikanische Stadt im Bundesstaat Tennessee. Sie liegt im Sullivan County, direkt an der Grenze zum Bundesstaat Virginia und hat dort eine gleichnamige Zwillingsstadt. Bristol in Tennessee und Bristol in Virginia besitzen ein gemeinsames Stadtzentrum, durch das ihre Grenzen jeweils an einer Seite der Straße "State Street" verlaufen.


Taxonomy.

"L. pallidus" was classified as a member of "Lactarius" by Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries. It was first described by Christian Hendrik Persoon, who named it "Agaricus pallidus" in his 1797 book "Tentamen dispositionis methodicae Fungorum". It is known in English by its common name, the pale milkcap.

Description.

"L. pallidus" has a cap of across. In shape, it is initially a flattened convex, developing a funnel-shaped depression with age. It is pale buff in colour, sometimes dull but often with rosy tint. It can also be a pale brown or pale flesh colour. The cap is smooth, firm and sticky, and has a thick layer of white to buff flesh. The margin is incurved on younger specimens. The pale colour, incurved margin and smooth cap are its most distinguishing features. The stem is long, by thick. In shape, the stem is cylindrical or slightly narrowed at the base, and is concolorous with the cap or whitish. The moderately decurrent, crowded gills are a pale rosy buff to yellowish buff, and leak white milk. The spores are elliptic, with ridges of varying thickness running across them, forming few cross-connections. They typically measure 8 to 10 by 6 to 7 micrometres. The spores leave a spore print that is pale ochre with a slight salmon tinge.  "L. pallidus" is similar in appearance to "L. affinis", but is differentiated by the fact that the former lacks the peppery taste of the latter.

Edibility.

Though generally considered edible, especially after cooking, "L. pallidus" has been described by some mycologists as inedible. The milk has a mild to moderately hot taste.

Distribution and habitat.

"Lactarius pallidus" is typically found growing mycorrhizally under beech, but can also be found under birch. It is typically half-buried among leaf litter. It can sometimes be found in large groups, and occurs throughout summer and autumn. It can be found commonly in Europe but is much rarer in North America. It can also be found in Australia.

Lactarius pallidus (also known as the pale milkcap) is an edible mushroom of the genus "Lactarius". It is pale in colour, and found on the floor in beech or birch woodland. Its smooth cap features a particularly thick layer of flesh, and often has an incurved margin. Though generally considered edible, it is not recommended to be eaten raw. It is common in Europe, and less common in North America and Australasia.

Der Falbe Milchling oder Fleischblasse Milchling ("Lactarius pallidus") ist ein Pilz aus der Familie der Täublingsverwandten. Es ist ein mittelgroßer Milchling, mit blass fleischocker bis schmutzig weißlichem Hut, der zumindest jung eine fleischrosa bis fleischbraune Tönung aufweist. Die Milch ist weiß und bleibt so. Der Geruch ist unbedeutend, der Geschmack ist ziemlich mild, kratzt aber im Hals. Der Milchling ist ein typischer Mykorrhizapilz der Rotbuche.


Definition.

The Fourier sine transform of, sometimes denoted by either formula_1 or formula_2, is  If means time, then is frequency in cycles per unit time, but in the abstract, they can be any pair of variables which are dual to each other.  This transform is necessarily an odd function of frequency, i.e. for all :  The numerical factors in the Fourier transforms are defined uniquely only by their product. Here, in order that the Fourier inversion formula not have any numerical factor, the factor of 2 appears because the sine function has norm of formula_5  The Fourier cosine transform of, sometimes denoted by either formula_6 or formula_7, is  It is necessarily an even function of frequency, i.e. for all :  Some authors only define the cosine transform for even functions of, in which case its sine transform is zero. Since cosine is also even, a simpler formula can be used,  Similarly, if is an odd function, then the cosine transform is zero and the sine transform can be simplified to  Other authors also define the cosine transform as  formula_12  and sine as  formula_13

Fourier inversion.

The original function can be recovered from its transform under the usual hypotheses, that and both of its transforms should be absolutely integrable. For more details on the different hypotheses, see Fourier inversion theorem.  The inversion formula is  which has the advantage that all quantities are real. Using the addition formula for cosine, this can be rewritten as  If the original function is an even function, then the sine transform is zero; if is an odd function, then the cosine transform is zero. In either case, the inversion formula simplifies.

Relation with complex exponentials.

The form of the Fourier transform used more often today is

Numerical Evaluation.

Using standard methods of numerical evaluation for Fourier integrals, such as Gaussian or tanh-sinh quadrature, is likely to lead to completely incorrect results, as the quadrature sum is (for most integrands of interest) highly ill-conditioned. Special numerical methods which exploit the structure of the oscillation are required, an example of which is Ooura's method for Fourier integrals This method attempts to evaluate the integrand at locations which asymptotically approach the zeros of the oscillation (either the sine or cosine), quickly reducing the magnitude of positive and negative terms which are summed.

In mathematics, the Fourier sine and cosine transforms are forms of the Fourier integral transform that do not use complex numbers. They are the forms originally used by Joseph Fourier and are still preferred in some applications, such as signal processing or statistics.

Die Sinus- und Kosinus-Transformation sind zwei Varianten der kontinuierlichen Fourier-Transformation, die ausschließlich für reelle Zahlen definiert sind, im Gegensatz zur Fourier-Transformation, welche für komplexe Zahlen definiert ist. Sie sind Integraltransformationen mit Anwendungen im Bereich der Signalverarbeitung. Davon abgeleitet sind für zeitdiskrete Signalfolgen die Diskrete Kosinustransformation (DCT) und die Diskrete Sinustransformation (DST).


Life.

Pierre de Luxembourg was born in mid-1369 in Meuse as the second of six children to Guido de Luxembourg (1340-1371) and Mahaut de Châtillon (1335-1378); the couple married circa 1354. His parents died in his childhood (father when he was two and mother when he was four) which prompted his aunt Jeanne - the countess of Orgières - to raise him in Paris. His siblings were: Pierre was the uncle to Louis de Luxembourg and the quasi-cardinal Thibault de Luxembourg; he was the great-grand-uncle of Philippe de Luxembourg.  In 1381 he travelled to London to offer himself as a hostage to the English to secure his brother's release back to France. The English were so perplexed but enthralled with this offer that his brother was released back to France. This even reached the ears of Richard II who invited him to remain at his court though he decided to go back to Paris to follow Jesus Christ in his vocation to the priesthood.  In 1377 he was sent for his education to the Parisian college where an instructor was the theologian and astrologer Pierre d'Ailly. In 1379 he was selected to be the canon for the cathedral chapter of Notre Dame de Paris. In 1381 he became a canon for the cathedral chapter of Notre Dame de Chartres and was elevated to the position of Archdeacon of Dreux in the Chartres diocese. In 1382 he was selected to be the Archdeacon for Cambrai.  In 1384 the episcopal see of Metz became vacant. The selection of a new bishop was complicated due to the Western Schism in which the Kingdom of France supported Antipope Clement VII while the Emperor supported Pope Urban VI. The antipope named Pierre as the new Bishop of Metz in 1384 and he was enthroned in his new see that September entering barefoot on a mule. He began his diocesan reforms in which he divided revenue into three: the first two were for the Church and the poor while the third would be for his household. He was able to take Metz with armed troops for a brief period of time but was later forced to withdraw sometime in 1385. This was about the same time that Pope Urban VI selected Tilman Vuss de Bettenburg as the legitimate Bishop of Metz.  Pierre was later made a pseudocardinal after King Charles VI and Duke John requested that the antipope elevate him as such. This occurred on 15 April 1384 and he received the diaconal title of San Giorgio in Velabro. During his time as a pseudocardinal he made attempts to end the Western Schism which were all unsuccessful. The antipope invited Pierre on 23 September 1386 to join him at his court in Avignon where he would remain until his death.  Pierre died in mid-1387 from anorexia and fever due to the austerities he had imposed upon himself; he had fallen ill in March. He died at a Carthusian convent in Villeneuve-lès-Avignon in Avignon. His wish was to be buried in a common grave like that of the paupers. Miracles were soon reported to emerge at his tomb prompting his brother Jean to order (on 16 March 1395) the construction of a church dedicated to the sainted Pope Celestine V to which his remains were transferred to.

Beatification.

The subject for his canonization was raised at the Council of Basel but without a solid conclusion. In 1432 he was named as the patron saint for Avignon. The vice-legate Sforza placed the town under his protection during a 1640 plague outbreak. His cult following included Metz and Paris in addition to Verdun and Luxembourg. In 1597 his relics were taken to Paris but were damaged during the French Revolution; some relics remain in Saint Didier in Avignon. Pope Urban VIII (in 1629) allowed the Carthusians to celebrate a Mass and the Divine Office in his name.  His beatification had been requested on numerous occasions and Queen Maria of Naples made one such request on 1 February 1388 as did several other nobles and princes. The process had opened on numerous occasions but faced frequent interruptions (1389 and 1390 and later 1433 and 1435) causing its frequent suspension. Pope Clement VII beatified Pierre on 9 April 1527 (some sources suggest 24 March).

Pierre de Luxembourg (20 July 1369 – 2 July 1387) was a French Roman Catholic prelate who served the Bishop of Metz and pseudocardinal from 1384 until his death. Pierre was descended from nobles who secured his entrance into the priesthood when he started to serve in several places as a canon before he was named as the Bishop of Metz and a pseudocardinal under an antipope. He was noted for his austerities and successes in diocesan reform as well as for his dedication to the faithful but he tried to end the Western Schism that pitted pope against antipope and rulers against rulers. His efforts were in vain and he was soon driven from Metz but moved to southern France where he died from anorexia as a result of his harsh self-imposed penances.

Peter von Luxemburg (* 20. Juli 1369 in Ligny-en-Barrois; † 2. Juli 1387 in Villeneuve-lès-Avignon) war ein französischer Kardinal und Bischof von Metz. Er wurde 1527 von Papst Clemens VII. seliggesprochen und ist heute einer der Stadtpatrone von Avignon. Sein katholischer Gedenktag ist der 2. Juli.