Geography.

The district constitutes the northern Adana. The average altitude is about.

History.

The land that Çukurova district now occupies was made up of orchards, forestry and scattered villages. After Aytaç Durak's election as the mayor of Adana, an extensive urban plan was made. The urban plan consisted of 200,000 homes, several parks, schools and shopping places to be built over the next 30 years. The project was named as New Adana and the area grew rapidly during the 1990s.

Governance.

Çukurova district is administered by three levels of government; central government, provincial administration and the municipalities.  Çukurova Governorship is the district branch of the central government operating under the Adana Governorship. The chief executive of the Çukurova district is the District Governor who is appointed by the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Çukurova Governorship overseas the functioning of the district directorates of the ministries.  Çukurova directorate of the Adana Province Special Administration is the district branch of the provincial administration. Çukurova district is represented with 7 members at the 61-member Adana Provincial Parliament.  Çukurova district is divided into Çukurova municipality and the villages.

Çukurova Municipality.

There is only one municipality incorporated in the Çukurova district. Çukurova Municipality is a lower tier municipality of the city of Adana and serves most of the district. The municipality is further divided into neighborhoods.  Çukurova Municipality was incorporated in 2008 as a lower-tier municipality of the city of Adana, after the split of the northern section from Seyhan district.  Mayor is the chief executive of the municipality, presides municipal departments and chairs the municipal council. Mayoral candidates are either nominated by the national parties or run independently. The mayor is elected by first past the post voting for a 5-year term.  Encümen is the executive committee of the Çukurova Municipality.The mayor presides the encümen and the committee consists of 7 members, 3 councilors elected from the municipal council, 3 department directors appointed by the mayor and the treasurer.  Municipal Council is the decision making organ of the Çukurova Municipality. It is responsible for approving by-laws, founding, splitting or amalgamating neighborhoods, strategic planning, urban development planning and zoning, making investments, budgeting, loaning and controlling the mayor's activities. The chair of the council is the mayor. The council consists of 37 members. The candidates for the councilor positions are either nominated by National Parties or run independently. The councilors are elected by the d'Hondt method, where the whole municipality is one electoral district and there is 10% threshold for a party to gain seat at the council. As with mayor, councilors are elected for a 5-year term. Left leaning CHP leads the council with 18 members, Turkish nationalist MHP has 10, conservative AKP has 7 members at the council and two members are independent.

Villages.

Villages are the administrative units outside the municipal areas and are administered by the muhtar and the Village Seniors Council. The council can have 4, 5 or 6 members depending on the population of the village. Unlike the neighborhood muhtars, village muhtars are granted special powers and the village administration is considered to be a governmental body. In Çukurova district, there are total of 11 villages: Bozcalar, Dörtler, Fadıl, Kabasakal, Karahan, Küçükçınar, Keşoba, Memişli, Örçün, Pirirli and Söğütlü.  According to Law act no 6360, all villages in metropolitan municipalities in Turkey (such as Adana) were renamed as a neighborhoods (). Thus the villages listed above are officially neighborhoods of Adana.

Neighborhoods.

Neighborhoods (Mahalle) are small administrative units within the municipalities, and are administered by the muhtar and the Neighborhood Seniors Council consisting of 4 members. Muhtar and the Senior Council are elected for 5 years at the local elections and are not affiliated with political parties. Neighborhoods are not an incorporation therefore do not hold government status. Muhtar, although being elected by the residents, acts merely as an administrator of the district governor. Muhtar can voice the neighborhood issues to the municipal hall together with the Seniors Council.  Çukurova has total of 16 neighborhoods, 12 of them in the urban area, 4 are outside the urban area. The neighborhoods outside the urban area are the former villages and the municipalities that annexed to the city of Adana as city borders are expanded in 2008.

Neighborhoods in the urban area.

The urban neighborhoods of Çukurova are spread into 3 distinctive zones. The major separators of these zones are the Adana Metro and the Turgut Özal boulevard.  North of Turgut Özal Boulevard: The most scenic section of Adana, the zone is all residential, villas on the hills overlooking to the Seyhan Reservoir and high rise buildings along Turgut Özal and Süleyman Demirel Boulevards. This zone is bounded with Özal Boulevard on the south, Sadık Ahmet Boulevard on the west and Seyhan Reservoir on the north. The 4 neighborhoods of this zone are, Beyazevler, Güzelyalı, Karslılar and Kurttepe.  East of the Adana Metro: Bounded with Turgut Özal Boulevard on the east and north, Adana Metro on the west and Seyhan district on the south, this zone is heavily residential. The 3 neighborhoods of this zone are, Yurt, Mahfesığmaz and Toros.  West of the Adana Metro: Bounded by Adana Metro on the west, Turgut Özal Boulevard on the north, Tapantepe Road on the west and Seyhan district on the south, this zone is rapidly developing area of the city. Western section is zoned for low-rise and eastern section is heavily residential with high-rise buildings. The 5 neighborhoods of the zone are, Huzurevleri, Belediye Evleri, Yüzüncüyıl, Esentepe and Şambayadı.

Neighborhoods outside the urban area.

As the city borders expanded the municipalities and villages in the new limits of the city are annexed to the city. Neighborhoods of the former municipalities and former villages then became part of the Çukurova district as neighborhoods. There are total of 4 non-urban neighborhoods, all used to be part of the former Salbaş municipality; Esentepe, Kocatepe, Yeni Mahalle and Gökkuyu.

Transportation.

Local public transportation in Çukurova district is conducted by the Adana Metro, Adana Metropolitan Municipality Buse and the minibuses. Adana Metro serves with 4 stations in Çukurova: Hastane, Anadolu Lisesi, Huzurevi and Mavi Bulvar. Metro line starts in Çukurova and goes Seyhan and Yüreğir districts. Metro accepts bus cards (KentKart) for payment and runs between 06:00 A.M. and 23:00 P.M. Bus Services are using by all alongside of district and other districts. There are two types of bus services: The ones that owned by Adana Metropolitan Municipality (people buses), and the ones that partly controlled by the municipality (special people buses). People buses (known as Reds, "Kırmızılar") is only accept bus cards (KentKart) for payment. But special people buses (known as "Canlar") are also accept cash.  Minibuses are serving the neighbourhoods and transport people to the city centre. It's accepting cash and Kentkart. There is a few minibus services serving the Çukurova: Topel, İtimat, Özen, Cemalpaşa, Denizli, Barkal, and Yeşilevler.

Çukurova is a district-municipality in the Adana Province of Turkey. District population of 376 thousand, is concentrated within the city of Adana, occupying north-west of the city. It is a modern residential district which came into being in the last 30 years as the city expanded north. Çukurova is located north of the Seyhan district, west of the Seyhan River and south of the Seyhan Reservoir.

Çukurova ist ein Stadtbezirk von Adana und gleichzeitig ein Landkreis der Provinz Adana in der Türkei. Der 2008 von Seyhan abgespaltene Landkreis ist 250 km2 groß und liegt im Süden der Provinz an der Grenze zur Provinz Mersin. Der Name des Ortes leitet sich von der großen Ebene Çukurova ab.


Overview.

The first House of Blues opened on November 26, 1992, in the Harvard Square commercial district and retail area of Cambridge, Massachusetts, as a live music concert hall and restaurant. The company was originally financed by Dan Aykroyd, Aerosmith, Paul Shaffer, River Phoenix, James Belushi, and Harvard University, among others. This original location closed in 2003 as the company sought a larger Boston location. However, the hands-in-concrete driveway where members of the Blues Brothers and others left their mark, still remains. Aykroyd and Belushi remain associated with the brand and are present for most openings, attending and performing as The Blues Brothers.  In 1993 House of Blues launched a 501(c)(3) non-profit called International House of Blues Foundation which provided arts programs, resources and musical instruments for youths. The Music Forward Foundation continues to provide services for youth and has generated more than $20 million of support for these programs over its 20+ year existence. Also in 1993, The syndicated program The House of Blues Radio Hour, hosted by Dan Aykroyd as Elwood Blues, launched in partnership with CBS Radio Hour. This hour-long program focuses on the history of blues music and the contemporary artists honoring the art form. The program ended in July, 2017.  In 1999, House of Blues acquired Universal Concerts from Seagram. On July 5, 2006, Live Nation acquired House of Blues Entertainment and created the Live Nation Club and Theater Division. As a division of Live Nation, the company currently operates 12 clubs throughout North America.

List of affiliated Live Nation venues.

The following is a list of venues owned and operated by Live Nation:

House of Blues is an American chain of live music concert halls and restaurants. It was founded by Isaac Tigrett, the co-founder of Hard Rock Cafe, and Dan Aykroyd, co-star of the 1980 film "The Blues Brothers". The first location opened at Harvard Square in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1992. The chain has been a division of Live Nation Entertainment since July 2006, and there are 11 locations throughout the United States.

House of Blues ist eine US-amerikanische Firma, die mehrere Veranstaltungsorte für Musik in den USA betreibt. Gegründet wurde die Firma von Isaac Tigrett, dem Mitbegründer von Hard Rock Cafe, und dem Schauspieler und Musiker Dan Aykroyd. Gekennzeichnet sind die Veranstaltungsorte durch tägliche Livemusik in Verbindung mit vom amerikanischen Süden inspirierter Küche.


Career.

Mair only reached international level of the sport at age twenty-three and did not compete at a high level in his youth. His first major competition was the 1987 Central American and Caribbean Championships in Athletics and he came away with three medals: bronze medals in the 100 m and 200 m, and a gold medal in the 4×100 metres relay. This marked the beginning of much success with the Jamaican men's relay team. At the 1987 Pan American Games the following month he was eighth in the 200 m final and claimed a bronze medal in the relay, running the anchor leg in a quartet with Ray Stewart, Andrew Smith and Clive Wright. The team regrouped for the 1987 World Championships in Athletics, with Mair leading off this time, and won another bronze medal – the first time that Jamaican men won a relay medal at the competition.  Mair made him Olympic debut at the 1988 Seoul Olympics and, after being eliminated in the quarter-finals of the individual 100 m, he joined up with Christopher Faulknor, Greg Meghoo, and Clive Wright for the relay. The team came close to their World Championship medal-winning time in the 4×100 m relay final, but ended in fourth behind the French team who were seven hundredths faster. A double bronze medal win came for Mair at the 1990 Commonwealth Games as the Jamaican men took third in both the 4×100 m relay and 4×400 metres relay (Mair and Wright ran in both teams, with Ray Stewart and Wayne Watson being in the 100 m team and Devon Morris and Howard Burnett in the longer sprint quartet). Mair also placed sixth in the semi-finals of the 100 m individually. He was the Jamaican champion over 100 m that year, interrupting a long-running streak of national titles by Ray Stewart.  Four years on from his debut year, he returned to the same competitions. He won the highest individual honour of his career at the 1991 Central American and Caribbean Championships in Athletics, taking the 100 m title, and was also a relay silver medallist. The 1991 Pan American Games followed and he placed fifth in the 100 m, but did not take a medal in the relay. The 1991 World Championships in Athletics brought together a team of Dennis Mowatt, Ray Stewart, Michael Green, and Mair on the anchor leg. The group did not reach the heights of four years earlier, but performed well with a time of 38.67 seconds to place sixth in the final.  He set a best of 10.18 seconds for the 100 m in Kingston, Jamaica that year – this was a lifetime best and the only time that he ranked in the top thirty globally for the event in his career. He did not compete at the 1992 Summer Olympics. His final international outings were a run in the early rounds of the 200 m at the 1993 IAAF World Indoor Championships, and appearances at the 1994 Commonwealth Games, where he ran in the 100 m heats and was five hundredths short of a relay medal in fourth.

John Mair (born 20 November 1963) is a Jamaican former track and field sprinter who competed in the 100 metres and 200 metres. He won several medals with the Jamaican relay team, taking Jamaica's first World Championships relay medal (a bronze) at the 1987 World Championships in Athletics, as well as a bronze medal at the Pan American Games in 1987 and two relay bronze medals at the 1990 Commonwealth Games.

John Mair (* 20. November 1963) ist ein ehemaliger jamaikanischer Leichtathlet. Mair wurde bei der Zentralamerika- und Karibikmeisterschaft 1987 in Caracas jeweils Dritter im 100- und 200-Meter-Lauf. Im selben Jahr gewann er bei den Leichtathletik-Weltmeisterschaften in Rom in der 4-mal-100-Meter-Staffel gemeinsam mit Andrew Smith, Clive Wright und Raymond Stewart die Bronzemedaille hinter den Mannschaften aus den Vereinigten Staaten und der Sowjetunion.


Early life.

Collinge was born in Dublin to F. Channon Collinge and Emmie (née Russell) Collinge. She was educated there first by a visiting governess and then at a girls' school. She took dance and piano lessons, which held no interest for her, and determined to be an actress.

Stage career.

Collinge first appeared on the stage in 1904 in "Little Black Sambo and Little White Barbara" at the Garrick Theatre in London. She emigrated to the United States with her mother in 1907. Soon after, she appeared as a flower girl in "The Queens of the Moulin Rouge" (1908) and as a supporting player in "The Thunderbolt" (1910) starring Louis Calvert, which was staged at the New Theatre (Century Theatre).  In 1911, Collinge played Youth in the Broadway production of "Everywoman," with Laura Nelson Hall in the title role. She reprised the role in the 1912 London production starring Alexandra Carlisle. She appeared as Agnes with Douglas Fairbanks, Sr., Amelia Bingham, and William H. Crane in "The New Henrietta," a play based on a comedy by Bronson Howard, produced at the Knickerbocker Theatre on Broadway in December 1913. In 1914, she again appeared with Fairbanks in "He Comes Up Smiling."  Collinge toured in "A Regular Businessman," was the original Pollyanna Whittier in "Pollyanna," and toured with "Tillie" in 1919. In 1932, she appeared in "Autumn Crocus." Her acting was acclaimed by a "New York Times" critic, who wrote, "Miss Collinge plays with the soft, pliant sincerity that makes her one of the most endearing actresses."  She was a member of the original Broadway cast of "The Little Foxes" with Tallulah Bankhead as the lead in 1939, playing the role of the tragic Birdie Hubbard. In 1941, she played the same part in the motion picture version, which starred Bette Davis. Other stage work included roles in productions of "The Heiress," "Just Suppose," "The Dark Angel," "The Importance of Being Earnest," "To See Ourselves," and "Lady with a Lamp." Her final stage appearance came in December 1952 in "I've Got Sixpence" at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre.

Film career.

Collinge's film debut in 1941's "The Little Foxes" earned her an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress nomination. Other films included "Shadow of a Doubt" (1943), "Tender Comrade" (1943), and "The Nun's Story" (1959).  According to the featurette included with the DVD of "Shadow of a Doubt", Collinge rewrote the scene that takes place in the garage between Teresa Wright and Macdonald Carey. Director Alfred Hitchcock and the actors were reportedly unhappy with the dialogue. Hitchcock was reportedly delighted with her work and used it in the film. She also reportedly worked with Alma Reville (Hitchcock's wife) and Ben Hecht on the screenplay for Hitchcock's "Lifeboat" (1944), which also starred Tallulah Bankhead.

Television.

Collinge appeared in four episodes of the popular series "Alfred Hitchcock Presents." In one episode, "The Cheney Vase", based on the play "Kind Lady", she played a vulnerable, elderly, wealthy woman kept hostage in her own home by ruthless crooks (Darren McGavin and Ruta Lee) attempting to steal her valuable possessions. She also appeared in such television dramas as "Laramie" (1961), "The United States Steel Hour" (1962), "East Side/West Side" (1963), and "N.Y.P.D." (1967).

Author.

Collinge wrote the play "Dame Nature" (1938), an adaptation of a French drama by André Birabeau. She wrote a series of short stories for "The New Yorker," and contributed to the "New York Times Book Review." One of her stories, "The Small Mosaics of Mr. and Mrs. Engel," a story of travel in Italy, earned her a gold medal from the Italian government. With Margalo Gillmore, she co-authored "The B.O.W.S.", a play about the American Theatre Wing unit which performed "The Barretts of Wimpole Street" for soldiers in Italy and France during World War II.

Personal life.

Collinge married James Nichols Smith, an investment counselor, on June 10, 1921. The marriage lasted many decades but produced no children. In 1974, at age 81, she died in Manhattan following a heart attack.

Patricia Collinge (born Eileen Cecilia Collinge; September 20, 1892 – April 10, 1974) was an Irish-American actress, dramatist, and writer, best known for her role as the tragic alcoholic Birdie Hubbard in "The Little Foxes".

Patricia Collinge (* 20. September 1892 in Dublin als "Eileen Cecilia Collinge"; † 10. April 1974 in New York City) war eine irische Schauspielerin.


History.

The STI has a history dating back to 1966. Following a major sectoral re-classification of listed companies by the Singapore Exchange, which saw the removal of the "industrials" category, the STI replaced the Straits Times Industrials Index (STII) and began trading on 31 August 1998 at 885.26 points, in continuation of where the STII left off. At the time, it represented 78% of the average daily traded value over a 12-month period and 61.2% of total market capitalisation on the exchange. The STI was constructed by SPH, the Singapore Exchange and SPH's consultant, Professor Tse Yiu Kuen from the Singapore Management University (formerly from the National University of Singapore). It came under formal review at least once annually and was also reviewed on an "ad hoc" basis when necessary. One such review, for instance, raised the number of stocks from 45 to 50, which took effect when trading resumed on 18 March 2005. This change reduced the index representation of the average daily traded value to 60%, while increasing its total market capitalisation to 75%.  The STI was again revamped and relaunched on 10 January 2008. As part of a new partnership between SPH, SGX and FTSE, the number of constituent stocks was reduced from about 50 to 30 and the index was re-calculated using FTSE's methodology. Besides the STI, the partners also developed a family of indices including the FTSE ST Dividend Index, FTSE ST China Top tradable index, FTSE ST Catalist Index and FTSE ST Maritime Index as well as 19 Supersector and 39 Sector indices. For the purposes of computing the indices, stocks are classified using the Industry Classification Benchmark (ICB).  The family tree of the FTSE ST Index Series:  The creation of the FTSE ST Index Series was intended to facilitate the creation of financial products such as institutional and retail funds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), derivatives contracts and other index-linked products. There are currently two ETFs listed on the SGX that track the STI: the SPDR Straits Times Index ETF (formerly known as the streetTRACKS Straits Times Index Fund) (managed by State Street Global Advisors) and the Nikko AM Singapore STI ETF.

Annual Returns.

The following table shows the annual development of the S&P/TSX Composite Index, which was calculated back to 1970.

Constituents.

The 30 constituents of the STI as of 17 February 2020 are:

The FTSE Straits Times Index (STI) is a capitalisation-weighted stock market index that is regarded as the benchmark index for the Singapore stock market. It tracks the performance of the top 30 companies listed on the Singapore Exchange. It is jointly calculated by Singapore Press Holdings (SPH), Singapore Exchange (SGX) and FTSE Group (FTSE).

Der Straits Times Index ist der führende Aktienindex in Singapur. Er umfasst die 30 größten Unternehmen an der Singapore Exchange.


Early life and education.

Anne Jacqueline Lohoues was born in Dabou in 1950, one of eleven children. She has a bachelor's degree in law from the University of Abidjan-Cocody (1975), a master's degree in Private Law from the University of Paris II (1977) and a PhD from Jean Moulin University (1982).

Career.

Oble is a lawyer and was the first law professor in sub-Saharan Africa at Abidjan Law School and served as dean of law faculty from 1986 to 1989. In 1984, she met Gabonese President Omar Bongo at a conference on family law in Africa, who then introduced her to President Félix Houphouët-Boigny. In 1990, Houphouët-Boigny appointed her Minister of Justice and Keeper of the Seals under Prime Minister Alassane Ouattara.  After Houphouët-Boigny's death in 1993, Oble was one of the founding members of the Rally of the Republicans with her brother Vincent Lohoues Essoh, who later became Minister of Construction and Town Planning under the transitional government of Robert Guéï.  In 1995, Oble was elected as a member of the National Assembly for Abobo. She resigned in 1999 after opposing Ouattara's candidacy for the 2000 presidential election. She returned to the university and then practiced as a legal advisor to Prime Minister Charles Konan Banny from 2006 to 2007.  Oble served as president of African Women Ministers and Parliamentarians and a founding member of the Women Lawyers' Association. After the election of Ellen Johnson Sirleaf in neighbouring Liberia in 2005, many women encouraged her to run for the presidency. In 2010, she was a candidate in the presidential elections, the first woman to contest the position. Although she beat six of the other 13 candidates, she only received 0.27 percent of the vote. She chose to support Laurent Gbagbo in the second round of voting. After his election, she was appointed as his spokesperson, and then from 5 December 2010 to 11 April 2011, she served as Minister of Education in the Gilbert Aké government, which was not recognised by the international community. On 18 December 2010, she spoke on behalf of Gbagbo and called for the immediate withdrawal of UN and French troops from the country, saying the UN was guilty of "serious missteps" and "contempt" for the country's institutions. On 11 January 2011, the European Union placed Oble under sanctions as a member of the Ake N'Gbo government. After Gbagbo's arrest on 11 April 2011, bringing an end to the Second Ivorian Civil War, she was the only minister not disturbed by the new leaders.  Oble returned to her work as an academic at Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny in Cocody and ruled out running in the 2015 presidential election. In 2013, she was serving as member of the Scientific Council of the International Union of Judicial Officers.

Personal life.

Oble is widowed and has four daughters and two granddaughters.

Anne Jacqueline Oble (born 1950), also known as Jacqueline Lohoues-Oble, is an Ivorian lawyer and politician who was the first woman to stand as a candidate in a presidential election.

Anne Jacqueline Lohouès Oble ist eine ivorische Politikerin. Sie war im Dezember 2010 die Sprecherin von Laurent Gbagbo. Außerdem war sie vom 5. Dezember 2010 bis 11. April 2011 Bildungsministerin in der international nicht anerkannten Regierung Aké N’Gbo


Biography.

He speaks Khmu, Laotian, French, and English. He is sometimes referred to as Bishop or Cardinal Ling.  He is an ethnic Khmu. He was baptized a Catholic in 1952 after missionaries converted his mother. In the 1960s he studied philosophy and theology at the Voluntas Dei seminary in the Diocese of Edmundston, New Brunswick, Canada. He was ordained a priest in a hurried ceremony in a refugee camp on 5 November 1972 for the Apostolic Vicariate of Vientiane, Laos. He spent the years 1984 to 1987 in prison.  On 30 October 2000 Pope John Paul II appointed him Apostolic Vicar of Paksé and titular bishop of Aquae Novae in Proconsulari. He was consecrated a bishop on 22 April 2001 by Bishop Jean Khamsé Vithavong, Apostolic Vicar of Vientiane.  He developed a system of seminary education that requires a candidate for the priesthood, after three years of study, to spend one to three years in pastoral work. He explained that they are "catechists, carrying medicines, aid, prayers for the people of the mountain. They integrate with the villagers, live as the villagers do in everything."  He is a member of Institut Voluntas Dei, founded in 1958 at Trois-Rivières, Quebec. He took his first name Louis-Marie from its founder, Fr..  Beginning on 2 February 2017, he also served as apostolic administrator of Vientiane.  On 21 May 2017, Pope Francis announced his intention to make Mangkhanekhoun a cardinal. He was made a cardinal at a consistory on 28 June 2017.  On 11 December 2016, his cousin was declared a blessed in the Catholic Church, Blessed Luc Sy (1938–1970), one of the Martyrs of Laos.  On 16 December 2017, Pope Francis named him Apostolic Vicar of Vientiane. Francis made him a member of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development on 23 December 2017.

Louis-Marie Ling Mangkhanekhoun I.V.D. (born 8 April 1944) is a Laotian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He has been a cardinal since 28 June 2017 and the Apostolic Vicar of the Apostolic Vicariate of Vientiane, in Laos, since 16 December 2017. He is also the first Cardinal from Laos.

Louis-Marie Ling Kardinal Mangkhanekhoun (* 8. April 1944 in Bonha Louang, Laos) ist ein laotischer Geistlicher, römisch-katholischer Bischof und Apostolischer Vikar von Vientiane.


Original show.

The original "Wild Kingdom" grew from discussions that started in 1962 between zoologist Marlin Perkins and V. J. Skutt, the chairman and CEO of insurance company Mutual of Omaha. The company had been the sponsor of an earlier animal-related show, "Zoo Parade", that Perkins had hosted from 1952 until 1957. Also intimately involved with the creation of "Wild Kingdom" was "Zoo Parade" producer Don Meier, who was credited as the program's creator. Mutual of Omaha sponsored and lent its name to the new program.  Wild Kingdom won Emmy Awards for "outstanding program achievement" in 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969.  Liz and Henk Maartens, from Irene, Pretoria, South Africa, won five Emmy Awards for the documentary program "Wild Kingdom" in 1970. One Emmy Award was for camerawork while the other Emmy Awards were for aspects of production.  "Wild Kingdom" was first broadcast by NBC. The half-hour show aired on Sundays starting January 6, 1963, and continued until 1971, when the program entered first-run syndication. As a prime-time syndicated program, "Wild Kingdom" enjoyed great popularity. Although most of the programs aired after 1971 were repeats, new shows continued to be produced until 1987. Several episodes were filmed by cameraman Roy Pinney. Perkins was the host for most of the show's history until he was forced to retire in 1985 for health reasons, and Jim Fowler, Perkins' long-time assistant and sidekick, became the host. Perkins died of cancer one year later at age 81.  One of "Wild Kingdom"s film editors, Bernard Braham, A.C.E., was offered membership with the American Cinema Editors in 1979 and won an EDDIE award in Hollywood for best documentary of the year, for the episode "Desert Spring". His competition for the award was a National Geographic episode titled "Gold". He was also nominated for several other awards.  Perkins often introduced commercial spots by tying them into the subject of the show. For example, at the end of a segment about lions, he might say something like, "Just as the mother lion protects her cubs, you can protect your children with an insurance policy from Mutual of Omaha..."  The format of the show often featured Perkins narrating off-camera, describing Fowler's on-camera work with the wild animals. This was commonly parodied as Perkins saying "I'll wait here [someplace safe] while Jim [does something or other with the dangerous animal]". However, according to a 1997 interview with Fowler, Perkins never said any such thing: according to Fowler, "Johnny Carson started the jokes about me and Marlin in his monologues".  Perkins often featured pet chimpanzees in the studio: one named "W. K." (Wild Kingdom); the other named "Mr. Moke", after the Mini Moke vehicle.  "Wild Kingdom" increased ecological and environmental awareness in the United States. Its exciting footage brought the wilds of Africa, the Amazon River, and other exotic locales into the living rooms of millions of Americans. It created an interest in commercial nature programming that led to several other wildlife documentary programs going on the air, including "Animal World", "Wild, Wild World of Animals" and "Lorne Greene's New Wilderness," and in subsequent decades, to entire cable television networks devoted to these topics, such as the Discovery Channel and Animal Planet. Many fans of wildlife documentaries still consider "Wild Kingdom" the "gold standard" against which other such shows are compared.  Mutual of Omaha owns the rights to the program, but several episodes have been released on DVD from BCI Eclipse under license from Mutual of Omaha. Some episodes are also available on an official YouTube channel.

Controversy.

The show came under heavy criticism in the 1982 investigative piece "Cruel Camera" by "The Fifth Estate", a news magazine program on Canada's CBC Television network, for staging scenes and for animal cruelty. Several interviewees who had worked on "Wild Kingdom" confirmed the rumors that many of the sequences were staged, such as in the episode where Perkins and crew captured a bear in the Florida swamps. In fact, the bear had actually been "placed" there by the production. Perkins denied such allegations on camera, and when interviewer Bob McKeown pressed him, said, <nowiki>"I'd like you to stop your camera right now, please."</nowiki>

Revival.

In 2002, a completely new "Wild Kingdom", also sponsored by Mutual of Omaha, began airing new "Wild Kingdom" specials on Animal Planet. The specials proved to be so popular that, in 2005, the network began airing new weekly episodes during the original Sunday night timeslot.

New host and web series.

On November 3, 2013, "Mutual of Omaha's Wild Kingdom" premiered as a series of webisodes that featured new host Stephanie Arne, a new format, and new stories.  A second season of new webisodes began in July 2014, and the third season began in March 2015.

Wild Kingdom, also known as Mutual of Omaha's Wild Kingdom, is an American documentary television program that features wildlife and nature. It was originally produced from 1963 until 1988, and was revived in 2002. The show's second incarnation aired until 2011 on Animal Planet in the United States. A third incarnation streams webisodes on a dedicated Youtube channel.

Im Reich der wilden Tiere (Originaltitel: "Mutual of Omaha’s Wild Kingdom") ist eine US-amerikanische Tier-Dokumentation, die von Marlin Perkins 1963 ins Leben gerufen wurde. Bis 1985 moderierte Perkins die Sendereihe, ehe er von seinem früheren Co-Moderator Jim Fowler abgelöst wurde. Die Serie wurde auch außerhalb der USA sehr populär; sie lief erstmals 1973 im deutschen Fernsehen. Synchronsprecher für das deutsche Fernsehen waren Friedrich Schoenfelder und Thomas Danneberg.


Qualified teams.

A total of 34 teams are participating in the 2008 Copa Sudamericana, from 12 associations (10 from CONMEBOL and 2 from CONCACAF).

Preliminary Stage.

The Preliminary Stage opened the Copa Sudamericana. All the second berths of 8 South American football associations contested this round. The four winners advanced to the First Round. Team #1 played at home first.

First stage.

The First Stage consisted of twenty-eight teams each playing two-legged matches. Twenty-four teams qualified directly to this round. The fourteen winners advanced to the Round of 16. Team #1 played at home first.

Knockout stages.

(*)"Indicates that the team plays at home for the first leg"

Round of 16.

The Second Stage was the Round of 16, played by the fourteen winners from the First Round, plus River Plate and Boca Juniors. As in the First Round, these teams played two-legged matches. Team #1 played at home first.

Quarterfinals.

The Quarterfinals was played by the eight winners from the Round of 16. As in the First Round, these teams played two-legged matches. Team #1 played at home first.

Semifinals.

The Semifinals was played by the four winners from the Quarterfinals. As in the First Round, these teams played two-legged matches. Team #1 played at home first.

Finals.

The Finals were played by the two winners from the Semifinals. As in the First Round, these teams played two-legged matches. Team #1 played at home first.

The 2008 Copa Sudamericana de Clubes was the seventh edition of the Copa Sudamericana football tournament. The draw for the tournament took place on June 10, 2008 in Buenos Aires and the competition was played between July 30 and December 3. Arsenal de Sarandí were the defending champions, having won the trophy the previous season. Brazilian side Internacional won the 2008 tournament, becoming the first Brazilian winners of the trophy.

Die Copa Sudamericana 2008 war die 7. Ausspielung des zweitwichtigsten südamerikanischen Fußballwettbewerbs für Vereinsmannschaften, der aufgrund des Sponsorings des Automobilherstellers Nissan auch unter der Bezeichnung "„Copa Nissan Sudamericana“" firmierte. In dieser siebten Saison nahmen wieder insgesamt 34 Mannschaften teil. Darunter 31 Teams, einschließlich Titelverteidiger Arsenal de Sarandí, aus den 10 Mitgliedsverbänden der CONMEBOL und 3 Teams aus dem Bereich der CONCACAF. Dies waren Deportivo Guadalajara und San Luis FC aus Mexiko sowie CD Motagua aus Honduras. Der Wettbewerb wurde wie gehabt in der zweiten Jahreshälfte ausgespielt. Er begann am 29. Juli 2008 mit den Hinspielen der 1. Runde und endete am 3. Dezember 2008 mit dem Finalrückspiel in Porto Alegre.


Plot.

It is the first day of school and the kids wait on the school steps with long faces and pouted lips. Worried about the new teacher they'll be getting this term, Spanky and Alfalfa come up with a scheme to get themselves excused from school: Spanky has Alfalfa pretend he has a toothache, going as far as to stuff a balloon in his mouth to sell the idea.  Unknown to the kids, however, the new school teacher, Miss Lawrence, has overheard Spanky and Alfalfa's scheming and has ordered ice cream as a first-day surprise for the class. She sees right through Alfalfa's fibs about being too sick to sing "Good Morning to You" with the rest of the class, and knowingly grants him an excuse to go home (and Spanky an excuse to take him home). The two boys' triumph backfires when they see the ice cream man as he makes his delivery to the rest of their class. Now needing to find a way to get back into school, Spanky pops the balloon in Alfalfa's mouth, and explains to Miss Lawrence, "Funny thing, teacher; he's all well now".  Miss Lawrence agrees to let the boys back in for the ice cream party, but only if Alfalfa will make up for not singing "Good Morning" by rendering another song. However, Alfalfa has accidentally swallowed the stopper from the balloon that constituted his "toothache", so as he steps in front of the class to sing '"Believe Me, if All Those Endearing Young Charms'", a strange wheeze accompanies every breath he takes between lines. At the conclusion of his song, Spanky and Alfalfa go to get their ice cream only to find that it has melted, but the kind and clever Miss Lawrence hands the boys two fresh ice cream bars.

Notes.

A remake of "Teacher's Pet", "Bored of Education" was also the first "Our Gang" entry in the series' revamped one-reel (ten-minute) format, after 14 years of two-reel and three-reel entries. "Bored of Education" won Hal Roach his only Academy Award for "Our Gang", the 1937 Academy Award for Short Subjects (One-Reel).  "Bored of Education" was also the first "Our Gang" film directed by Gordon Douglas. Douglas, who had served as assistant director on "Our Gang" for some time, made his directorial debut on a 1935 Hal Roach "All Stars" short, "The Infernal Triangle". Douglas would remain "Our Gang's" senior director through 1938. With the series now in one-reel format, Douglas had to modify the looser approaches of his predecessors, Robert F. McGowan and Gus Meins, and turned the "Our Gang" series into slicker, more streamlined shorts based around situation comedy. Ironically, Douglas has a walk-on part in "Teacher's Pet" as a caterer)  By 1936, producer Hal Roach, who had built his studio around popular two-reel comedies, had slowly begun phasing out his short subjects production as movie theaters opted for double feature programs instead of the traditional program of selected short subjects and one feature. Roach had successfully moved his biggest stars, Laurel and Hardy, to full-time feature production in 1935. Rather than cancel "Our Gang", however, Roach continued the series at the behest of his distributor, Louis B. Mayer of MGM. Keeping the series in production, however, required Roach to halve the lengths of the "Our Gang" films from two-reels to one.  Also formally introduced to "Our Gang" in "Bored of Education" was Roach actress Rosina Lawrence as "Our Gang's" new schoolteacher "Miss Jones". Lawrence appeared in five more "Our Gang" shorts during the 1936-37 cycle of shorts.  "Bored of Education" won Roach the Academy Award for Short Subjects (One-Reel), the only "Our Gang" film so honored. In their review for the short in their book "The Little Rascals: The Life and Times of Our Gang", film historians Leonard Maltin and Richard W. Bann felt that the award seemed to be "a product of whim or timing, rather than strictly a consideration of merit", noting earlier and later shorts–"Teacher's Pet" among them–they felt were overlooked.

Cast.

Classroom extras.

Patsy Barry, Daniel Boone, John Collum, Joe "Corky" Geil, Barbara Goodrich, Sidney Kibrick, Robert Lentz, Patsy May, Tommy McFarland, Dickie De Nuet, Donald Proffitt, Harold Switzer,

Bored of Education is a 1936 "Our Gang" short comedy film directed by Gordon Douglas. Produced by Hal Roach and released to theaters by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, it was the 146th entry in the "Our Gang" series to be released.

Bored of Education ist ein komödiantischer US-amerikanischer Kurzfilm aus dem Jahr 1936. Der Film ist eine Folge der beliebten US-Kinoserie "Die kleinen Strolche" (OT: "Our Gang", auch als "Little Rascals" bekannt).


Description.

"Ulmus rubra" is a medium-sized deciduous tree with a spreading head of branches, commonly growing to, very occasionally > in height. Its heartwood is reddish-brown, giving the tree its alternative common name'red elm'. The species is chiefly distinguished from American elm by its downy twigs, chestnut brown or reddish hairy buds, and slimy red inner bark. The broad oblong to obovate leaves are long, rough above but velvety below, with coarse double-serrate margins, acuminate apices and oblique bases; the petioles are long. The leaves are often red tinged on emergence, turning dark green by summer, and then a dull yellow in the fall; The perfect, apetalous, wind-pollinated flowers are produced before the leaves in early spring, usually in tight, short-stalked, clusters of 10–20. The reddish-brown fruit is an oval winged samara, orbicular to obovate, slightly notched at the top, long, the single, central seed coated with red-brown hairs, naked elsewhere.

Pests and diseases.

The tree is reputedly less susceptible to Dutch elm disease than other species of American elms, but is severely damaged by the elm leaf beetle ("Xanthogaleruca luteola").

Cultivation.

The species has seldom been planted for ornament in its native country. It occasionally appeared in early 20th-century US nursery catalogues. Introduced to Europe and Australasia, it has never thrived in the UK; Elwes & Henry knew of not one good specimen, and the last tree planted at Kew attained a height of only in 60 years. Specimens supplied by the Späth nursery to the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh in 1902 as "U. fulva" may survive in Edinburgh as it was the practice of the Garden to distribute trees about the city (viz. the Wentworth Elm). A specimen at RBGE was felled c.1990. The current list of Living Accessions held in the Garden "per se" does not list the plant. Several mature trees survive in Brighton (see Accessions).

Notable trees.

A tree in Westmount, Quebec, Canada, measured 4.27 m in girth in 2011. The US National Champion, measuring 7.16 m in circumference and 27.4 m tall, with an average crown spread of 25.18 m wide, grows in Louisville, Kentucky. Another tall specimen grows in the Bronx, New York City, at 710 West 246th Street, measuring high in 2002. In the UK, there is no designated TROBI champion.

Cultivars.

There are no known cultivars. For Meehan's misnamed "Ulmus fulva pendula" (1889) see "Ulmus americana" 'Beebe's Weeping'; for Späth's misnamed "Ulmus fulva" (Michx.) "pendula" (1890) see "Ulmus americana" 'Pendula'. The hybrid "U. rubra" × "U. pumila" cultivar 'Lincoln' is occasionally listed as "Ulmus rubra" 'Lincoln' in error.

Hybrids.

In the central United States, native "U. rubra" hybridizes in the wild with the Siberian elm ("U. pumila"), which was introduced in the early 20th century and has spread widely since, prompting conservation concerns for the genetic integrity of the former species.

Hybrid cultivars.

"U. rubra" had limited success as a hybrid parent in the 1960s, resulting in the cultivars 'Coolshade', 'Fremont', 'Improved Coolshade', 'Lincoln', 'Rosehill', and probably 'Willis'. In later years, it was also used in the Wisconsin elm breeding program to produce 'Repura' and 'Revera' although neither is known to have been released to commerce.

Etymology.

The specific epithet "rubra" (red) alludes to the tree's reddish wood, whilst the common name "slippery elm" alludes to the mucilaginous inner bark.

Uses.

Medicinal.

"Ulmus rubra" has various traditional medicinal uses. The mucilaginous inner bark of the tree is edible has long been used as a demulcent, and is still produced commercially for this purpose in the United States with approval for sale as an over-the-counter demulcent by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Sometimes leaves are dried and ground into a powder, then made into a tea.

Timber.

The timber is not of much importance commercially, and is not found anywhere in great quantity. Macoun considered it more durable than that of the other elms, and better suited for railway ties, fence-posts, and rails, while Pinchot recommended planting it in the Mississippi valley, as it grows fast in youth, and could be utilized for fence-posts when quite young, since the sapwood, if thoroughly dried, is quite as durable as the heartwood. The wood is also used for the hubs of wagon wheels, as it is very shock resistant owing to the interlocking grain. The wood, as'red elm', is sometimes used to make bows for archery. The yoke of the Liberty Bell, a symbol of the independence of the United States, was made from slippery elm.

Baseball.

Though now outmoded, slippery elm tablets were chewed by spitball pitchers to enhance the effectiveness of the saliva applied to make the pitched baseball curve.

Miscellaneous.

The tree's fibrous inner bark produces a strong and durable fiber that can be spun into thread, twine, or rope useful for bowstrings, ropes, jewellery, clothing, snowshoe bindings, woven mats, and even some musical instruments. Once cured, the wood is also excellent for starting fires with the bow-drill method, as it grinds into a very fine flammable powder under friction.

Ulmus rubra, the slippery elm, is a species of elm native to eastern North America, ranging from southeast North Dakota, east to Maine and southern Quebec, south to northernmost Florida, and west to eastern Texas, where it thrives in moist uplands, although it will also grow in dry, intermediate soils. Other common names include red elm, gray elm, soft elm, moose elm, and Indian elm. The tree was first named as part of "Ulmus americana" in 1753, but identified as a separate species, "Ulmus rubra", in 1793 by Pennsylvania botanist Gotthilf Muhlenberg. The slightly later name "U. fulva", published by French botanist André Michaux in 1803, is still widely used in dietary-supplement and alternative-medicine information.

Die Rot-Ulme ("Ulmus rubra") ist ein mittelgroßer Laubbaum aus der Gattung der Ulmen. Das Verbreitungsgebiet erstreckt sich über den Osten Nordamerikas.


Early life.

Born into an illustrious family in the Morvan near Autun, he was offered at the age of 13 as an oblate at the Abbey of St. Martin, Autun. He receives an education of prayer, obedience and chastity. The oblate crowned with flowers, double symbol of innocence and sacrifice, was led to the church surrounded by his relatives and their friends. The religious assembled in the choir prayed for the one whom their adoption would initiate to the labors and the joys of a new family. The celebrant began the divine service and called on his head the grace of Christ. After the gospel, the oblate approached the altar carrying a host and a chalice with a little wine which the priest received as a deposit to the Lord. His father or his parents wrapped his hand and offering in the altar cloth, which was spread over him as a sign of adoption by the Church. After warning the child of the austerities of the monastic life, he read to him the rule of St. Benedict and the parents pledged for him. His hair was shaved and he put on the monks' cucula. He was no longer entitled to the paternal inheritance. Around the age of 15, he was allowed to make a profession. Wealthy parents made an offering to the monastery.

Career.

Mederic astonished the fifty of his classmates by the observance of a rigorous discipline. Barley bread dipped in water was his only food, which he only took twice a week. His eyes still fixed on the Crucifix, he was wearing a hair shirt under his coat. He lived thus for several years, hiding from the other monks. But his reputation for holiness passed the doors of the convent, and celebrity came to fetch him at the end of the cloister.  Herald, abbot of Saint-Martin, having died about 680, it is quite naturally that the brothers elected him, following the advice of the bishop of Autun, Hermenarius, who recommended them to choose a pastor able to save the flock of the Christ of the Wolf Tooth. After three days of fasting the monks assembled at the church, sang the Mass of the Holy Ghost, intoned the Veni Creator, and proceeded to the election of their abbot by designating Mederic unanimously. The crowd ran to the monastery. The bishop, hearing him proclaimed from the top of the ambo, addressed the new abbot: "Flambeau du Christ, vase d'élection du trésor divin, reçois la mesure dispensatoire du Dieu éternel pour nourrir les troupeaux du créateur. Instruis-les par tes conseils et tes préceptes et mérites d'entendre ces paroles du juge miséricordieux : O bon fidèle serviteur, parce que tu as été fidèle en peu de choses, je t'établirai sur beaucoup d'autres, entre dans la joie de ton Seigneur" (Math.25.11)  The more he was raised, the more he faded away. This new life soon weighed on him. His many miracles attracted the crowds. No longer finding in this place peace and deep communion with God, Mederic decided to withdraw into the solitude of the forest of Morvan to finally be alone with God. He built a cell there some distance from Autun but this secret was quickly broken because the monks, plunged in sadness by his disappearance, went in search of him. Mederic not wanting to follow them, they asked the bishop who, threatening excommunication, managed to get him back to the monastery.

Later life.

Among his clergy the young monk Frodulphe, also known as Saint Frou, was close to the master who had held him on the baptismal font and had educated himself to raise him to the highest degrees of perfection. Frodulphe, enamored of solitude like his master, proposed to him a pilgrimage to the tomb of Saint Denis and Saint Germain, their compatriot, abbot of the Abbey of St. Symphorian, Autun, before becoming bishop of Paris.  The two monks took the road to Paris and on the way they multiplied the miracles. The aging Mederic had great difficulty in making this journey on foot, and fell ill on arriving at the Collegiate Church of Saint-Martin de Champeaux, near Melun, where they stopped for several months. The two men spent long hours praying in the church. Sometimes they went to Melun to exercise charity; hearing some of the prisoners moaning from the depths of their cell, Mederic moved his heart and asked God for their deliverance. The doors of the prison opened on their own. His cure delayed, he left the monastery of Champeaux. The people came to make him many gifts which he hastened to distribute to the poor.  Halfway to Paris, he cures a poor man's fever answering to the name of Ursus. A woman named Bénédicte recovered health through her intercession. Arrived at Bonneuil-sur-Marne where he learns that two thieves were in chains, he asks God for his intercession and obtains the release of the two men. On the side of Charenton-le-Pont, he delivered another criminal who had broken the bridge. He was again forced to stop by fatigue. It was in this uninhabited place that a chapel was erected to honor its memory, and that some houses were grouped around the building which was at the origin of the village of Saint-Méry, in the diocese of Paris. They decided to make a detour to go to the tomb of Saint Denis and stopped at Thomery. Mederic arrived in Paris. It was near the church of Saint-Pierre-des-Bois that he found refuge in a cell open day and night to the prayers of passers-by. He rested his body broken by fatigue and illness. There, living in recluse, he served God for two years and nine months after having accomplished with joy the purpose of his pilgrimage and kneeling in the church of the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés at the tomb of the illustrious abbot of the Abbey of St. Symphorian of Autun.  Feeling his coming end, the 18th of the calends of September, he died in peace surrounded by many of his disciples. He was buried in St. Peter's Chapel. His tomb was the object of true veneration as miracles took place and Charles the Bald established a cult in his honor. This church was later too small and, falling into ruins, it was rebuilt and transformed into a basilica by Odon the Falconer. Thibert, priest in 884, solicited Gozlin, bishop of Paris, to translate it.  The bones of the saint were raised and placed above the altar in a silver shrine enriched with precious stones and supported by two angels. Adalard, former Count of Autun, made for the occasion rich gifts to the new church which was placed under the name of St. Peter and St. Merry. The Abbey of Champeaux, formerly illustrated by its presence, received a portion of its relics; the abbey of St. Martin in Autun founded a solemn Mass in his honor. Left alone, Frodulphe returned to St. Martin.

Veneration.

The Church of Saint-Merri in Paris is named after him.

Saint Mederic or Medericus, also known in French as Saint Merri or Médéric (died 29 August 700), was a monk and a hermit, who is considered patron saint of the right bank of the river Seine in central Paris.

Der heilige Medericus ( oder, * bei Autun; † 29. August um 700) ist ein Heiliger der katholischen Kirche. Er ist der Schutzpatron des Rive Droite, des nördlich der Seine gelegenen Stadtgebiets von Paris und der Gefangenen. Sein Gedenktag ist der 29. August.


Passions and Oratorios of the first half of the 18th century.

"Jesus Christus ist um unsrer Missetat willen verwundet" is a "St Mark Passion" which originated in Hamburg in the first decade of the 18th century. Johann Sebastian Bach's first staging of this Passion music was in Weimar 1712. Its vox Christi bass appears in secco and accompagnato recitatives, and in an arioso on the Gospel words "Eli, eli, lama asabthani". In his "Brockes Passion" George Frideric Handel set Jesus' words for bass in recitatives, ariosos and arias. The Evangelist's recitatives are set for tenor.  In Bach's extant Passion compositions the vox Christi bass combines with an Evangelist's tenor voice. The Evangelist narrates the story in the Gospel's exact words in recitative secco. In the "St John Passion" the words of Jesus are set as recitatives secco leaning toward arioso. In the "St Matthew Passion" they are in accompanied recitative, that is they are additionally highlighted by an accompaniment of strings and basso continuo. The Vox Christi also appears in Bach's "Christmas Oratorio", and in his "Ascension Oratorio".

Bach's cantatas.

In Bach's church cantatas the "vox Christi" may utter either literal words from the Bible which are neither direct quotes of or even attributed to Christ but are presented in the context of the musical work as being made by Christ, or extra-biblical words, for example in a dialogue between the Bridegroom (Christ) and the Bride (the Soul), or in an address to the Bride.  In Bach's Weimar cantatas (1714–1716):  In Bach's first cantata cycle (1723–1724):  Bach uses the Vox Christi in several cantatas of his second cycle (1724–1725): The last four of these were on a libretto by Christiana Mariana von Ziegler  From Bach's third cantata cycle (1725–1726):  Later additions to the chorale cantata cycle:  In one of the other late church cantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach:

Vox Christi performers.

Some basses and baritones are especially known for singing the words of Jesus in Bach's Passions, including:

Vox Christi, Latin for Voice of Christ, is a setting of Jesus' words in a vocal work such as a Passion, an Oratorium or a Cantata. Conventionally, for instance in Protestant music of the Baroque era, the vox Christi is set for a bass voice.

Als Vox Christi (lat. ‚Stimme Christi‘) werden in einer Kirchenkantate, einem Oratorium oder einer Passion Solopassagen bezeichnet, in denen Jesus Christus in der Ich-Form zu Wort kommt. Gemäß bereits mittelalterlicher Tradition werden diese Passagen einem Bass anvertraut. Bei der Wiedergabe in der Messe war dies ursprünglich die Aufgabe des Priesters. Älteste Form ist der rezitativische Vortrag des Bibeltextes im Wortlaut, wobei der Part des Evangelisten (Erzählers) vom Tenor übernommen wird. In der Musikpraxis des Barock, vor allem im Werk Johann Sebastian Bachs, finden sich darüber hinaus Ariosi und Arien, denen als Text ein Christuswort zu Grunde liegt, sowie freie madrigalische Dichtungen, die Christus in den Mund gelegt werden, oft im Rahmen von Dialogen mit der "Seele", deren Part vom Sopran gesungen wird.


Biography.

Early career.

Ohga was born in Numazu, Shizuoka. When he was a child, he suffered tuberculosis that kept him in bed for a long time during which an acquaintance taught him physics and music. As a young man, Ohga aspired to be a professional opera singer, and went on to read at the prestigious Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music, graduating in 1953. His relationship with Sony began when he wrote a highly critical letter to Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo KK (also known as Totsuko and later as Sony), complaining about their tape recorder's many failings, which got him noticed by Masaru Ibuka, Akio Morita and other Totsuko executives. Because of his insight into music and technology, the company hired him as a part-time consultant. He went on to study music in Munich and Berlin, where he formed a friendship with the conductor Herbert von Karajan. The young man's knowledge of sound and electrical engineering continued to be an asset to the company, which led to his appointments as executive director of Sony in 1964 at the age of 34 and president of CBS/Sony Records Inc. (currently Sony Music Entertainment Japan) in 1970, by the age of 40. These youthful appointments were unprecedented in the history of the Japanese company.

Later career.

He was made the president of Sony in 1982, and the CEO of Sony in 1989. That same year, he purchased Columbia Pictures Entertainment (currently Sony Pictures Entertainment) from the Coca-Cola Company for $3.4 billion. A year earlier, Sony acquired the CBS Records Group (currently Sony Music Entertainment) from Columbia Broadcasting System. Ohga also played a key role in establishing Sony Computer Entertainment (currently Sony Interactive Entertainment) in 1993. He supported Ken Kutaragi to develop the PlayStation as a Sony-owned console.  In 1994 he succeeded co-founder Akio Morita as Sony chairman. The next year he selected Nobuyuki Idei as the company's next president, a decision he later told author John Nathan appalled 99 out of 100 people at the company, and it led to a sweeping reorganization of the company. Indeed, Idei lasted until 2005 when he was succeeded by Howard Stringer. Idei became co-CEO with Ohga in 1998, and sole CEO in 1999.  In 2000 he became semi-retired, staying chairman of the board while Idei became Executive chairman. On November 7, 2001, Ohga collapsed onstage due to a cerebral hemorrhage while conducting an orchestra at the closing concert of the 4th Beijing Music Festival in Beijing. He later recovered his ability to speak and move after a three-month coma. On his 73rd birthday in 2003, Ohga retired from the board and became Honorary chairman. He served as chairman of the Tokyo Philharmonic Orchestra. He died of multiple organ failure at a Tokyo hospital on April 23, 2011. He was 81 years old.

Awards.

His international recognition included the Japanese Medal of Honor with Blue Ribbon (1988), Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure (2001) and France's Legion of Honour.

, otherwise spelled "Norio Oga" (January 29, 1930 – April 23, 2011), was the former president and chairman of Sony Corporation, credited with spurring the development of the compact disc as a commercially viable audio format.

Norio Ōga (jap., "Ōga Norio"; * 29. Januar 1930 in Numazu, Präfektur Shizuoka; † 23. April 2011 in Tokio) war ein japanischer Geschäftsmann.


Early life.

Penrod was born in Taylor, Texas, and grew up in Hobbs, New Mexico, where his father, Rev. Joseph Loren "Joe" Penrod, was the lead pastor of Temple Baptist Church, and his mother is Barbara Josie Penrod ("née", Gray). He graduated from Hobbs High School. During his high school years Penrod recorded his first album, singing all four parts.

Career.

Penrod is a graduate of Liberty University. Starting in the 1980s, he worked as a studio singer, backing up voices such as Carman, Steve Green, Amy Grant, Michael W. Smith, Garth Brooks, Shania Twain, James Ingram, and Phillips, Craig & Dean. He was also a member of the Christ Church Choir (as was another future Gaither Vocal Band member, Jonathan Pierce). During his years in the studio, he met Bill Gaither for the first time. He also made regular appearances on TNN's "Music City Tonight" as a background singer in the mid-1990s. In 1989 Penrod contributed a couple of tracks as lead vocal on a Brentwood cassette (C-5103N) titled "Following The Sun - Island Music For Believers".  Penrod also performed briefly with the Stamps Quartet in 1987, while employed at Opryland.  After accepting the position with the Gaither Vocal Band in 1994, Penrod became internationally known for his powerful vocals and broad singing range. He has performed in Gaither Homecoming concerts all over the U.S. and Canada, as well as in Europe, Australia, and Africa. In 1999, he performed a duet with the Cathedral Quartet's lead singer Glen Payne on their "Farewell Celebration" video.  Penrod performed for the grand opening of Jerry Falwell's new Thomas Road Baptist Church new 6,000 seat sanctuary.  His album, "The Best of Guy Penrod", reached No. 92 on the "Billboard" 200 on August 6, 2005. The DVD release was certified platinum by the RIAA.  The Gaither Vocal Band's 2006 release was entitled "Give It Away", followed by "Lovin' Life" in 2008. Penrod won a Grammy Award for his work on the "Lovin Life" project.  In a press release on January 13, 2009, Bill Gaither announced that Penrod would be leaving the Gaither Vocal Band and starting a solo career.  In August 2009, Penrod released his debut solo album, "Breathe Deep", on the Servant Records label. Produced by veteran country music producer and studio musician Brent Rowan, the album consists of positive country music with Christian undertones.  Penrod was inducted into the Texas Gospel Music Hall of Fame in 2011.  Penrod's sophomore solo album "Hymns" debuted at No. 1 on the Nielsen SoundScan Southern Gospel retail chart and became the top-selling southern gospel album of 2012. "Hymns" sold over 100,000 units.  In 2012, Penrod became the new host of "Gospel Music Showcase", a popular Daystar Television Network program that focuses on southern gospel music. It can be seen every Saturday. The show has been awarded an Emmy.  Penrod won "Soloist of the Year" from the National Quartet Convention in 2013.  Penrod released his third solo project titled "Worship" in May 2014. In September 2014, Penrod released his first solo Christmas project entitled "Christmas." It became the No. 2 album in Cracker Barrel stores with 30,000 units sold, second only to Blake Shelton. Also in 2014, Penrod was inducted into the Gospel Music Hall of Fame alongside the Gaither Vocal Band.  Penrod released his first solo DVD entitled "Live: Hymns & Worship" in January 2016. The Project was filmed at Thomas Road Baptist Church. The release debuted at No. 1 on the "Billboard" chart for music videos sold upon its release. The album debuted at #2 on the "Billboard" chart for contemporary Christian music.  Penrod was a featured performer at the Faith Freedom & Future Inaugural Ball hosted by the Family Research Council, following the January 2017 inauguration of U.S. President Donald Trump in Washington, DC.  In March 2017, Penrod returned with an album entitled "Classics". The album was a new solo recording of popular songs he performed during his tenure with the Gaither Vocal Band.  Penrod has often appeared on the stage of the "Grand Ole Opry" as a guest artist.  Penrod reached back into the well of beloved hymns with his 7th solo release. "Blessed Assurance" was released in February 2018. The album includes Penrod singing twelve newly recorded hymns featuring his signature country sound.

Personal life.

Penrod and his wife, Angie (Clark), have eight children—seven boys and a girl. All of their children are home schooled.

Guy Allen Penrod (born July 2, 1963) is a gospel music singer. He is known for his work as the lead singer of the Gaither Vocal Band, a position he held from 1994 to 2008.

Guy Penrod (* 2. Juli 1963 in Abilene, Texas) ist ein US-amerikanischer Gospel- und Christian-Music-Sänger, der als Sänger der Gaither Vocal Band bekannt wurde.


Recording and production.

By early 1998, Korn returned to the studio to record "Follow the Leader". Even though Korn was impressed by the work Ross Robinson had done on their previous albums, they decided to work with Steve Thompson and Toby Wright. Robinson did however work with singer Jonathan Davis as a vocal coach for the album. According to Wright, Robinson went to extreme lengths to agitate Davis in the vocal booth, including punching him the back repeatedly. Korn was shown making the record on KornTV. The reason they exposed themselves making the album was because they wanted to let their fans see what they were doing in the studio and behind the scenes. "Follow the Leader" features numerous guest vocalists, including Ice Cube on "Children of the Korn", Tre Hardson of The Pharcyde on "Cameltosis" and Limp Bizkit's Fred Durst on "All in the Family". The songs for the album were written and copyrighted in 1997, with the exception of "Children of the Korn", "All in the Family" and "Cameltosis", which are copyrighted from 1998.  In a 2013 interview, the band revealed that they partied heavily during the production of "Follow the Leader", with massive amounts of alcohol, drugs, and women in the studio. Davis explained further, saying that while recording the vocals for "It's On", there were "people getting blowjobs right behind me, there was girls banging each other in front of me, people getting boned in the closet right behind me, it was the craziest shit I've ever seen in my life and I sang that song." According to Davis, he only agreed to begin tracking vocals when producer Toby Wright met his demands for an eight-ball (a one-eighth ounce of cocaine).

Photography and illustration.

The artwork for "Follow the Leader" was done by Todd McFarlane Entertainment, with McFarlane and fellow Image Comics artists Greg Capullo (penciller) and Brian Haberlin (colorist) doing the album cover, and designer Brent Ashe handling the graphics work. According to drummer David Silveria, the band got interested in McFarlane after hearing that "Todd had actually referred to us as 'the Doors of the 90's'", leading to them recording a song for "Spawn", a film based on a comic book by McFarlane, and eventually approaching the artist to make an album cover for them. The cover art depicts a child hopscotching toward the edge of a cliff and a gathering of kids waiting to follow, a concept that begun with bassist Reginald "Fieldy" Arvizu and sketched by a friend of Jonathan Davis before being submitted to McFarlane. It marked the third straight Korn cover featuring children in a disturbing context, which Davis explained by saying that "Children are always scared when they're all happy and stuff. They're the most beautiful thing in the world, but when you see it in our artwork, the way we've placed it, it's just kinda fuckin' weird." The "Freak on a Leash" music video features animated segments by McFarlane featuring this cover art.

Promotion.

"Follow the Leader" is recognized as Korn's mainstream breakthrough, and the album that launched nu metal into the mainstream. "Follow the Leader" was released August 18, 1998, and was awarded multi-platinum certification for shipments in excess of five million copies, by the RIAA on March 15, 2002. In fall of 1998, Korn started the Family Values Tour. According to Arvizu, the tour name was due to "so many of their friends who were like family to us played in bands". The tour started on September 22, 1998, ending on October 31, 1998. The tour grossed over 6.4 million (6,400,000). Korn maintained a generally low ticket price, usually no more than thirty dollars. Korn toured with the band Limp Bizkit, as well as Ice Cube, Orgy, Incubus, and Rammstein. The tour was considered to be a major success, and promoted "Follow the Leader" to sales that were considered to have "skyrocketed". However, unlike all their other tours, they opted not to play in Europe for this cycle.  The album was also promoted through Concrete Marketing's Concrete Corner program with Jim Rose of Jim Rose Circus as the pitchman. The promotion saw 100,000 copies of a compilation CD featuring tracks of breakthrough artists approved by Korn, as well as a previously unreleased Korn track, being shrink-wrapped to the album at participating stores and given away for free with each purchase of the album. Band artists (at the time) featured on this CD included Kid Rock, Orgy, Powerman 5000 and Limp Bizkit. The album had five singles issued: "All in the Family", "Got the Life", "Freak on a Leash", "Children of the Korn", and "B.B.K."

Composition.

"Follow the Leader" is seventy minutes and eight seconds long. "AllMusic" said, "They write songs, but those wind up not being nearly as memorable as their lurching metallic hip-hop grind." "Entertainment Weekly" commented that "Follow the Leader" was Korn's "gimmick", while saying the album had "steely riffs" and "stomping beats". Tower Records said the album "combines streamlined metal with ominous industrial touches and an undercurrent of hip-hop rhythm," and also said it was an "urban nightmare". The album is considered to be nu metal, but also spans other genres such as alternative metal and heavy metal. The album features 25 tracks, 12 of which last five seconds of silence, making the first 1 minute of the album all silent. The concept of the song "Justin" was about a boy with the same name dying of intestinal cancer. His last wish was to meet the members of Korn. "Winston-Salem Journal" writer Ed Bumgardner described Korn's work as having "shaped rap, metal, and punk into a sonic maelstrom that is brutal, aggressive - and reasonably musical". "The Daily News" said that "the band shovels chunky beats into an already complex sound..." Michael Mehle of "Rocky Mountain News" said, "For the uninitiated, the classic Korn sound comes rumbling out of the speakers on the first cut: It's On! grinds fuzzy guitars, thunderous beats, and shouts of gut-wrenching rage into an anthem for the alienated", and gave other positive remarks. The "Charlotte Observer" said the album was dark, but humble. A Zeeland high school assistant principal said in an interview for a Michigan newspaper that the music is "indecent, vulgar, obscene, and intends to be insulting". She said this after giving a student a one-day suspension for wearing a shirt with Korn on it.

Critical reception.

"Follow the Leader" received generally positive reviews. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic called it "an effective follow-up to their first two alt-metal landmarks." David Fricke of "Rolling Stone" wrote that Korn "have an ideal record for those long, black days when all you can do is say 'What the Fuck! What the Fuck! What the Fuck!' at bloody murder volume". Yahoo! Music critic Janiss Garza described the album as "intensely tortured and savage as ever", while noting that "in spite of all this distress and suffering, Korn does loosen up". "Entertainment Weekly" reviewer Jim Farber called it "a big load of dumb fun" and "also incredibly perverse, going to almost laughable lengths to mess with metal cliché", concluding that if "hardly innovative enough to rival the classics of metal, at least Korn's LP gives this once-stagnant style kernels of something new". Jon Pareles from "The New York Times" said the album was "choppy", describing Davis as "wrestling with self-hatred, violent impulses, parental execration, and a confused sexual identity..." In a negative review, Robert Christgau of "The Village Voice" said that, although Korn "deny they're metal", they "nevertheless demonstrate that the essence of metal... is self-obliterating volume and self-aggrandizing display." The album is featured in the book "1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die".

Commercial performance.

"Follow the Leader" peaked at number one on four charts, including the "Billboard" 200. "Follow the Leader" peaked at number five in the United Kingdom. The album received a 5× platinum certification in the United States, as well as a triple platinum in Australia and Canada. "Follow the Leader" also received a gold certification in the Netherlands. The album's first charting single, "Got the Life", released on July 24, 1998, peaked at number fifteen on the Mainstream Rock Songs chart, and received a gold certification in Australia. The album's next charting single, "Freak on a Leash", released in February 1999, peaked at number six on the Alternative Songs chart, as well as number six on the Bubbling Under Hot 100, and like "Got the Life", received a gold certification in Australia. "Freak on a Leash" was nominated for nine MTV Video Music Awards, and won for the Best Rock Video award, as well as Best Editing.

Track listing.

All songs written by Korn except "Earache My Eye" written by Tommy Chong, Gaye Delorme and Richard Marin. All guest appearances feature an extra writing credit by the guest.

Follow the Leader is the third studio album by American nu metal band Korn. The album was released on August 18, 1998, through Immortal/Epic. This was their first album not produced by Ross Robinson. Instead, it was produced by Steve Thompson and Toby Wright.

Follow the Leader (engl. für: „"Folge dem Anführer"“) ist das dritte Studioalbum der US-amerikanischen Nu-Metal-Band Korn. Es erschien am 18. August 1998 und war das erste Korn-Album, das nicht von Ross Robinson produziert wurde. Es erreichte Fünffachplatin in den USA und ist mit weltweit über 14 Millionen verkauften Exemplaren bis heute das erfolgreichste Album der Band. Es toppte die Billboard 200, ebenso die australischen, neuseeländischen und kanadischen Charts. In Deutschland erlangte es Platz zwölf, in Österreich Platz sieben der jeweiligen Hitlisten. Mit der "Family Values Tour" wurde das Erfolgsalbum promotet. Der Song "Freak on a Leash" war für neun "MTV Video Music Awards" nominiert.


Plot summary.

The story begins in Westport, Connacht, with the wandering puppeteer Thornpipe demonstrating his puppets to the destitute populace. After the mechanism animating the puppets unexpectedly goes off, the onlooking public with a priest among them discovers that the mechanism was operated by a tortured, hungry, pale boy of scarcely 3 years, concealed in the cart, whom the master spurred with a whip, claiming that the mechanism was operated by a dog. Revealed later to be abandoned while only 6 months old, the boy does not know his proper name; being the protagonist, he is known only as Lit'l Fellow (P'tit-Bonhomme) for the remainder of the story. The public confronts Thornpipe and stands up for the boy, driving Thornpipe out of town.  With no local family able or willing to raise the foundling, he is given to an orphanage known as Ragged School in the neighboring town of Galway. Neither O'Bodkins, the principal of the school, nor his assistants (with the exception of the 16-year-old Grip) care much about the well-being of children, let alone their conduct or education, and Lit'l Fellow continues to suffer, now at the hands of his peers (particularly Carker, the leader of the gang) for honesty and dignity which he has begun to show at such early years, and hence refusal to follow the gang's ways of theft and panhandling. Lit'l Fellow recalls what he remembers of the early years of his life to Grip (who has become a close friend of the boy), mentioning an evil woman Hard and a compassionate girl named Sissy—the only person who cared for him in his early years, and whom he indeed came to think of as an elder sister. After the death of yet another child who lived with them, Lit'l Fellow ran away from Hard's hut, only to be found by Thornpipe.  This chapter of Lit'l Fellow's life ends when he finds a bottle of vodka, which he decides to bring to the orphanage in order to consult with Grip regarding how to return it to the owner. Unfortunately, he is noticed by Carker, who proceeds to appropriate the bottle, lock up Grip and Lit'l Fellow in the attic, and throw a drinking party. In the orgy that ensues, the drunk boys set the school building on fire, and Grip, without any way out of the attic, in desperation throws Lit'l Fellow off the roof to the ground, where the latter is caught by the onlookers.  Lit'l Fellow is then noticed by the young and popular actress Anna Waston, who happened to travel through Galway when the Ragged School building caught fire. She immediately adopts the boy, much to the dismay of her middle-aged servant Elisa, who knew the pretentious and emotionally unstable nature of her master too well. At first, Anna takes care of the boy and shows promise of being a good foster parent, but Lit'l Fellow's hopes of a good childhood again meet an end when the boy travels with Anna to Limerick, where the actress decides that her newly found "angel" would make a good actor, and drags him into playing a role in a popular performance. But the boy, only 5 years old at the time and not yet able to tell reality from a show, takes the play literally and ruins the performance. Offended, Anna dumps the boy in Limerick and leaves Ireland, never to return.  The boy is found at the steps of a cathedral near a local cemetery by the visiting farmers, Martin and Martine MacCarthy, a middle-aged couple with 3 grown-up children. The family shelters Lit'l Fellow to live with them on their Kerwan farm in County Kerry, Munster, where the boy spends the next 4 years of his life. Having proven himself to be hardworking and honorable even before settling on the farm, Lit'l Fellow now desires to be of help in the household, occupying himself on par with the rest of the family, altogether 5 people: Martin's elderly mother, known simply as Grandmother; Martin and Martine themselves, their younger son Simeon, their elder son Murdock with his wife Kitty. Absent was the couple's second son, Patrick, who entered the service as a seaman. Becoming a good farm worker, Lit'l Fellow requests only one thing for his payment—a small rock for every day he would spend in service of the family.  But after becoming an integral part of the MacCarthy family, getting a formidable secular and religious education (the family being devout Roman Catholics), even becoming the godfather of Kitty's newborn daughter Jenny and saving her life from a wolf who dug its way into the house during the family's absence, Lit'l Fellow again sees his hopes of a good life reduced to naught when, after a year of natural disasters and poor harvest, the family is left with no money to pay the rent and is evicted from the farm by the landowners. Murdock is imprisoned for half-year due to his participation in the nationalist movement for home rule, supported by Martin and Simeon by the circumstances which led to their eviction. The Grandmother, severely ill at the time, meets death at the hands of the landlord's manager and police guards come to evict the family. Lit'l Fellow, who was absent at the time walking several miles to a neighboring village trying to obtain a medicine for the dying Grandmother, arrives to see the family gone and the farm demolished. Burying a pot containing all the little pebbles earned during his 4 years on the farm under a fir tree which he planted on Jenny's birthday, the boy leaves for Limerick, where the family was supposedly taken. After nearly perishing in the freezing cold, Lit'l Fellow is saved by the family's shepherd dog, Birk, who was driven away at the time of eviction. Birk, however, leads Lit'l Fellow away from Limerick and into Newmarket, County Cork.  There, Lit'l Fellow happens to find a briefcase lost by a local landlord, marquis Piborne. After returning the briefcase containing £100 to marquis' residence, Trelingar Castle, Lit'l Fellow is invited to serve in the castle as a groom to marquis' son, count Ashton. The boy accepts and serves in the castle for several months, once again suffering constant ridicule from other servants and antics of the spoiled Ashton. Birk, being at odds with Ashton's dogs, cannot be taken by the boy into the castle and has to be taken care of in secret either by him, or (in his absence) by his only friend in the castle, the aged laundress Kat. But the boy must yet again hit the road when Birk, roaming the surroundings, encounters one of Ashton's dogs. The latter attacks Birk, who defends himself and kills Ashton's dog. When Ashton learns whom the attacker belongs to, he sets up a hunt on Birk, and Lit'l Fellow, having rescued his dog, has nothing else to do than leave while still in one piece. Now 11 years of age and having earned around £4 while in lord Piborne's service, the boy with his faithful dog decide to make their way into the city of Cork, but on their way Birk rescues another boy out of a river. It is revealed to be Bob, a 7-year-old whom Lit'l Fellow once saved from Ashton's whip, risking his position of a groom. Together, the boys make it into Cork. This is where Lit'l Fellow's merchant inclinations, first become manifest while still at Kerwan farm, are finally put to practice as he sets up a newspaper kiosk—a small trolley dragged around the streets by Birk. Prior to their departure from Cork, the boys already own £30. The city of Cork is also where the boys reunite with Grip. After barely surviving the fire at Ragged School which separated the friends, Grip settled as a fireman on a steam vessel Vulcan, making regular trips between Dublin and the United States. Grip, foretelling Lit'l Fellow to become a successful merchant, advises him to move to Dublin, where he also appears regularly.  Lit'l Fellow agrees, and soon after he and Bob leave for Dublin. Instead of spending money on the journey, they decide instead to earn more along the way, and continue to operate the kiosk as they take on a 250-mile journey on foot. When 2 months later they make it into Dublin, they again reunite with Grip. Having earned £150 at this point, Lit'l Fellow decides to start his own business. After renting a few rooms from an old retired businessman, O'Brien, he opens the collectible store "Thin Purses" by Little Boy & Co. The store quickly becomes popular among the residents of the city, earning the 12-year-old businessman a fortune of £1000 by the close of the first year. Grip, now a regular customer and assistant during the times free from his duties as a fireman on board Vulcan, is reluctant to join the business despite Lit'l Fellows' and Bob's pleas. Kat, however, is invited by Lit'l Fellow as well, and arrives from Trelingar Castle on a short notice.  With poverty left behind, now only one thing troubles Lit'l Fellow—the fate of people dear to him; of those who, at one point or another, were a family to him. With the help of O'Brien he learns that MacCarthy's family has left their homeland and migrated to Australia, but no further information could be obtained at the moment. At some point, Lit'l Fellow leaves to visit Belfast in order to negotiate over an issue with his supplier; negotiations having been successful, he prepares to leave but is caught in a thick crowd during a worker strike, when he notices a young female worker calling for help shortly before collapsing of weakness. It was Sissy, now 18 years old, barely recognized by the young merchant. Without hesitation the boy takes Sissy to the train and leaves for Dublin, where the girl becomes a gladsome addition to the store personnel, marrying Grip some time afterwards. Thus, the young merchant was able to repay his first debt, tearing from the clutches of poverty the first person who ever did a service to him—his adoptive sister.  Only one thing disturbs the boy's peace of mind now—the MacCarthy family. One day O'Brien finds out that, having met no better luck in Australia, the family was returning home on a sailing vessel. The trip was taking a long time, while the boy, having himself nearly perished during a tempest on board a cargo vessel for refusing to abandon the cargo (into which he invested most of his fortune), perseveres in his trade and earns a capital of £20000. When MacCarthy family finally arrives, Lit'l Fellow, having offered them a sum of £100, anonymously invites them to meet him and his friends at the ruins of the Kerwan farm. Following the unexpected reunion, Lit'l Fellow instructs his goddaughter Jenny, now 8 years of age, to dig up from under the fir tree the pot of pebbles he earned during his stay at the farm. The old farmer is then stunned to find out that the pebbles, of which there were 1540, are now returned to his family as pounds sterling—enough for them to buy their familial land off the landowners and reconstruct the farm. This was the manner in which the young merchant, now 16 years old, repaid his debt to the family which had sheltered him in the time of need.

Foundling Mick ("A Lad of Grit";, lit. "Lit'l Fellow") is an adventure novel written by Jules Verne first published in 1893. It describes adventures in Ireland, more specifically the rags to riches tale of an orphan.

Der Findling ist ein Roman des französischen Autors Jules Verne. Der Roman wurde erstmals als Buch 1893 von dem Verlag Pierre-Jules Hetzel unter dem französischen Titel "P'tit-Bonhomme" veröffentlicht, und zwar Band I am 2. Oktober und Band II am 20. November 1893. Eine Vorabveröffentlichung erfolgte im "Magasin d'Éducation et de Récréation" in den Bänden 57 und 58 vom 1. Januar bis zum 15. Dezember 1893. Die erste deutschsprachige Ausgabe erschien 1894 unter dem Titel "Der Findling". Der englische Titel des Romans lautet "Foundling Mick".


Military career.

Staff Sergeant Miller enlisted as a Special Forces trainee on 14 August 2003. He graduated from Infantry Basic Training and Airborne School at Fort Benning, Georgia, on 6 January 2004. Miller graduated from the Special Forces Assessment and Selection (SFAS) on September 26, 2004, and the Special Forces Weapons Sergeant Course on 4 March 2005. Miller received his Special Forces Tab and was promoted to sergeant after graduating from the Special Operations French Language Training Course, 30 September 2005. That same day he was assigned to Company A, 3rd Battalion, 3rd Special Forces Group (Airborne), Fort Bragg, North Carolina.  He deployed to Afghanistan to support Operation Enduring Freedom from August 2006 to March 2007. During this deployment, Miller received two Army Commendation w/ Valor Device medals for his courage under fire. He returned to Afghanistan for his second tour in October 2007, where he served as a weapons sergeant for his team. Miller was killed in combat with the Taliban in Afghanistan on 25 January 2008. His unit was conducting combat operations near the village of Barikowt, Nari District, Kunar Province, Afghanistan. He is buried at All Faiths Memorial Park in Casselberry, Florida. Miller's special skill decorations include: Special Forces Tab, Ranger Tab and Parachutist Badge.

Medal of Honor Citation (summary).

On 25 January 2008 Sergeant Miller was leading a team of Afghan National Security Forces and Coalition soldiers during a combat reconnaissance patrol in Kunar Province near the Pakistan border. Insurgents hiding in a structure attacked Miller's team. A teammate called for close-air support to drop ordnance on the insurgent position, disrupting their attack. When the combined patrol moved toward the structure to check for any remaining enemy threats, insurgents again fired using heavy weapons.  Miller's team captain was seriously wounded within the first minutes of the attack. While his commander was moved to safety, Miller returned fire. At great personal risk to himself, Miller remained at the front of the patrol and continued to lay down suppressive fire on multiple insurgent positions, allowing his wounded commander to be pulled out of the line of fire, ultimately saving his life. Miller's personal courage under intense enemy fire enabled the entire patrol to gain cover and return fire. Even while injured by direct enemy small-arms and machine gun fire, Miller continued to employ his M249 Squad Automatic Weapon and grenades to suppress enemy fire and protect his teammates.

Awards.

Staff Sergeant Miller's decorations include:

Medal of Honor citation.

The President of the United States of America, authorized by act of Congress, March 3, 1863, has awarded, in the name of the Congress, the MEDAL OF HONOR posthumously to
  STAFF SERGEANT ROBERT JAMES MILLER
 UNITED STATES ARMY for service as set forth in the following  BARACK OBAMA
 /s/ Barack Obama
 PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Civic Award.

Robert J. Miller was inducted as a Laureate of The Lincoln Academy of Illinois and awarded the Order of Lincoln (the State's highest honor) by the Governor of Illinois in 2010 in the area of Government.

Robert James Miller (14 October 1983 – 25 January 2008), of Company A, 3rd Battalion, 3rd Special Forces Group (Airborne), was a United States Army Special Forces soldier who posthumously received the Medal of Honor at a White House ceremony on 6 October 2010.

Robert James Miller (* 14. Oktober 1983 in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA; † 25. Januar 2008 in Kunar, Afghanistan) war ein Staff Sergeant der United States Army, der bei einem Einsatz im Afghanistan-Krieg tödlich verwundet und postum mit der Medal of Honor, der höchsten Tapferkeitsauszeichnung der US-Streitkräfte, ausgezeichnet wurde.


Geography.

Location and access.

Angeac-Champagne is a commune located in the west of the department of Charente, near Charente-Maritime, in Grande Champagne, the premier cru of cognac.  The commune is located 10 km south of Cognac, 6 km west of Segonzac, and 3 km east of Salles-d'Angles. Angoulême, the prefecture of Charente, is 35 km to the east. Angeac is also 9 km north of Archiac, 12 km south-west of Jarnac, and 19 km north-west of Saint-Hilaire.  The commune does not lie on any main roads. The D731 road from Barbezieux to Cognac via Archiac, passes through the west of the commune. The village is served by the D150 from Germignac in the south-east and passes through the village before continuing north-east to join the D44 from Juillac-le-Coq to Roissac towards Cognac and Gensac-la-Pallue. A country road leads to the village of Salles-d'Angles and another to Genté in the north-west.  The nearest train station is at Cognac which is served by the TER between Angoulême, Saintes, and Royan.

Hamlets and localities.

There are many hamlets dotting the commune. In particular "Roissac", located northeast of Angeac village, was an ancient parish, and the village is as important as Angeac.  The small village of "Le Bois d'Angeac" together with a small forest is located 1 km north-west of the village.  Apart from a few small patches of forest the commune is entirely farmland

Geology and relief.

As with the whole left bank of the Charente between Angoulême and Cognac, this area is limestone dating from the Cretaceous period with Cuestas.  The commune is part of the Campanian (Late Cretaceous) chalky limestone area which occupies a large part of South Charente. There is also some Santonian rock on a small part of the northern border at Longées.  The Campanian cuesta passes through the commune. This escarpment starts in the west at Salles-d'Angles, passes the foot of the town of Genté, then runs through the whole department going east towards Bouteville, Jurignac, and Plassac-Rouffiac. In the commune the escarpment passes through the east as an inlier northeast of Roissac. It separates the north of the plain of Châteaubernard from "Champagne" to the south.  The highest point in the commune is at an altitude of 84 m located north-west of Roissac. Another high point of 83 m faces it to the east (topped by an IGN Survey marker). The lowest point is 17 m located in Pas de la Tombe on the south-west edge of the commune near Salles d'Angles. The commune mostly varies in height between 40 and 70 m above sea level.

Hydrography.

The "Ruisseau de la Motte", a small tributary of the Né River and thus a sub-tributary of the Charente, forms the commune boundary to the south. No other rivers pass through the commune but there are many pools in a valley west of the village and towards Roissac and some springs including the Three Stones east of Bois d'Angeac.

Climate.

The climate is oceanic Aquitaine.

Toponymy.

The word "Angeac" is derived from the Latin "Andiacum" or "villa Andii" meaning that the village was built around the property of a rich Gallo-Roman named "Andius". The term "Champagne" was added to the name of the town in 1801 to distinguish it from its namesake Angeac-Charente. In Saintonge the term Champagne refers to a fertile plain of limestone. It is derived from the Latin "campus" meaning "field" or "plain".  The word "Roissac" is derived from the Latin "Riatacum" or "villa Riatii" meaning that the village was built around the property of a rich Gallo-Roman named "Riatus".

History.

Proto-historic circular Ditches exist in the areas of "Penchant de Lorimont" and "Houme", with square and circular ones at a place called "Les Chirons". Roman villas are said to be at Puits d'Angeac at Chabanne and there are some medieval remains at Branges.  The remains of a Gallo-Roman villa possibly dating to the first half of the 9th century were found in 1904. It was a residence of Louis the Pious. These remains have disappeared.  Angeac was first a dependency of the Templars then passed to the Marquisate of Archiac then often changed hands. In 1239 Roissac passed to the House of Angoulême then at Barbezieux. By marriage Roissac became allied with Salles-d'Angles and Genté. The rights to the marshes resulted in brawls and lawsuits with the Lordship of Gademoulin.  The commune of Angeac was created in 1793 when it belonged to the Canton of Salles in district of Cognac and the Charente department. In 1801 it took the name of Champagne and was attached to the Canton de Segonzac.  The Roissac railway station was served from 1910 to 1939 by the "Chemins de fer économiques des Charentes" (Cheap Trains of Charente) with a metre gauge line from Cognac to Barbezieux with 3 return trips a day at a speed of 20 km/h. This line also served stations at Cognac, Genté, Segonzac, Juillac-le-Coq, Saint-Fort-sur-le-Né, Archiac, and Barbezieux.

Administration.

List of Successive Mayors

Population.

Distribution of Age Groups.

Percentage Distribution of Age Groups in Angeac-Champagne and Charente Department in 2009  Sources:

Facilities, services, and local life.

Education.

The school is an educational inter-communal grouping between Angeac-Champagne and Salles-d'Angles. Angeac-Champagne has a kindergarten and Salles-d'Angles an elementary school.

Culture and heritage.

The commune contains a very large number of buildings and structures that are registered as historical monuments. For a complete list with links to descriptions (in French) click here.  Some of the more interesting sites are described below.

Angeac-Champagne is a French commune in the Charente department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of southwestern France. The inhabitants of the commune are known as "Angeacais" or "Angeacaises"

Angeac-Champagne ist eine französische Gemeinde mit Einwohnern (Stand ) im Département Charente im Süden der Region Nouvelle-Aquitaine; sie gehört zum Arrondissement Cognac und zum Kanton Charente-Champagne. Der Namenszusatz „Champagne“ bezieht sich auf die Lage des Ortes in der "Grande Champagne", dem besten Anbaugebiet des Cognac.


History.

Newport derived its name from being a "new port" for steamers carrying passengers and cargo such as local shell lime and firewood. Bungan Castle is a medieval-style stone castle on Bungan Head built in 1919 by Adolph Albers, a German art dealer. In 1978, the area came to national attention due to the disappearance of Trudie Adams.

Population.

In the 2016 Census, there were 9,301 people in Newport. 74.3% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were England 7.2%, New Zealand 2.1% and South Africa 1.3%. 89.3% of people spoke only English at home. The most common responses for religion were No Religion 36.7%, Anglican 22.0% and Catholic 19.7%.  Newport sits between the Pacific Ocean to the east and Pittwater to the west. A major road along the peninsula is Barrenjoey Road.  Its ocean beach is patrolled by Newport Surf Life Saving Club. On the shores of Pittwater are several marinas and small shipyards, including the Royal Prince Alfred Yacht Club and the Royal Motor Yacht Club, serving mainly pleasure craft. Newport also features many cafes and restaurants, as well as the Newport Arms Hotel on the shore of Pittwater.

Churches.

Anglican.

Newport Anglican Church meets right next to the Post Office at 9.30am on Sundays. The Senior Minister is Rev. Jason Ramsay since 2007.  The Link Church meets at its North Campus the first Wednesday of every Month at the Newport Community Centre. Service begins at 7pm. The Link Church also runs Sunday morning and evening Services at Cromer and Narrabeen respectively.

Newport is a suburb in northern Sydney, placed on Sydney's Northern Beaches in the state of New South Wales, Australia, in the local government area of Northern Beaches Council. It is part of the Northern Beaches region.

Newport ist ein Vorort im Norden Sydneys in New South Wales, Australien. Newport liegt 31 Kilometer nördlich des Stadtzentrums im Verwaltungsgebiet (LGA) Pittwater Council.