Description.

The tomb contains two burial chambers, located either side of a corridor long and wide. The lower portion of the tomb is cut into the tufa rock while the upper portion is built with square stone blocks, which has created an overhang resulting from the stone blocks extending one above the other. It is covered with a "tumulus". The tumulus covers the entire structure giving it a facade of a monument. After the archaeological excavations of the tomb, the antiquities it contained were initially securely kept in a room in the residence of General Galassi, a key official of the papal army. They were then sold to the Vatican.  Excavations at the site unearthed a royal woman buried in the end cell and a cremated man in the right-hand cell, and a wealth of items, including gold jewels, silverware, gilded and bronze ware, and a chariot. Also found on the bronze bed in an annex chamber was the body of one more person, whose identity has remained an unexplained mystery. Several of the items display seventh century BC Villanovan decorative motifs, including a great fibula, adorned with five tiny lions depicted striding across its surface, and a large 25 cm long plaque, decorated with depictions of animals of Eastern origin. The fibula has been acclaimed as masterful in technique.  Orientalizing influences are prominent in the tomb, fusing Etruscan customs with those of Greece and the Eastern Mediterranean. The use of many materials in the items including iron, tin, copper, silver and gold illustrates the importance of mineral wealth in the area which saw Villanovan settlements develop from poor agricultural villages into thriving cities.

The Regolini-Galassi tomb is one of the richest Etruscan family in Caere, an ancient city in Italy approximately north-northwest of Rome. It dates to between 650 and 600 BC, probably 640s BC. It was built by a wealthy family and stocked with bronze cauldrons and gold jewellery of Etruscan origin in Oriental style. The tomb was discovered in 1836 in modern-day Cerveteri in an undisturbed condition and named after the excavators, general Vincenzo Galassi and the archpriest of Cerveteri, Alessandro Regolini.

Die Tomba Regolini-Galassi wurde 1836 in Cerveteri, dem antiken Caere, gefunden und liegt in der Sorbo-Nekropole südwestlich der antiken Stadt. Das Grab war unberaubt und wurde für die damalige Zeit relativ gut dokumentiert. Die Bestattung enthielt eine reiche Sammlung von Goldobjekten, die heute im Museo Gregoriano Etrusco, einem Teil der Vatikanischen Museen, aufbewahrt werden. Das Grab wird in die Mitte des 7. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. datiert und wurde nach Alessandro Regolini und Vicenzo Galassi benannt, die mehrere Grabanlagen in der Nekropole gefunden hatten. Heutzutage ist die "Tomba Regolini-Galassi" das einzig erhaltene und zugängliche Grab der Sorbo-Nekropole, die mit ihrer Belegung aus der Zeit der Villanovakultur des 9. und 8. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. und des sich im 7. Jahrhundert v. Chr. anschließenden „orientalisierenden Stils“ der älteste Friedhof Caeres war.


Chess career.

Foisor won three medals at the European Youth Chess Championships in various age categories: one silver (girls U16 in 2004) and two bronze (girls U14 in 2003 and girls U18 in 2007). She represented Romania in the European Girls U18 Team Chess Championship in 2004 and 2007, winning three medals: two gold (2004 individual medal, 2007 team medal) and one bronze (2007 individual medal).  Foisor was awarded the titles Woman International Master (WIM) in 2005 and Woman Grandmaster (WGM) in 2007. She achieved the norms required for the WGM title at the Acropolis women's tournament in Athens in 2006 and European Individual Women's Chess Championship in Dresden in 2007.  Her result at 2007 European Women's Championship qualified her for the Women's World Chess Championship 2008 in Nalchik, Russia. The final armageddon tiebreak game of her first round match against Monika Soćko ended in controversy. Foisor only needed a draw to advance to the next round, and reached a drawn ending with each player having only a king and a knight. Although Foisor ran out of time, the arbiter initially ruled that the game was a draw. Soćko appealed, pointing out that what matters is not whether checkmate can be "forced", but rather if it is "possible". Soćko won the appeal and advanced to the next round, eliminating Foisor from the event.  In 2007, Foisor tied for first place with her mother, Cristina Adela Foisor, the Villard-de-Lans Open in France. In 2008, she tied for first in the Liege Master tournament in Boncelles, Belgium.  In 2008, Foisor transferred chess federations to represent the United States. Since 2010, she has represented the US in the Women's Chess Olympiad and the Women's World Team Chess Championship. On April 9, 2017, Foisor won the U.S. Women's Chess Championship in St. Louis, Missouri.

Personal life.

Both her parents, International Masters Cristina Adela Foișor and Ovidiu-Doru Foisor, were multiple Romanian chess championship medalists. Her younger sister, Mihaela-Veronica, is a chess player with the title of Woman International Master. Sabina-Francesca Foisor moved to the United States in 2008 to study at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. She is engaged to GM Elshan Moradi - both live in Durham, NC.

Sabina-Francesca Foişor (born August 30, 1989) is a Romanian American chess player holding the title of Woman Grandmaster (WGM). She competed in the Women's World Chess Championship in 2008 and 2017. Foisor won the US women's championship in 2017.

Sabina-Francesca Foișor (* 30. August 1989 in Timișoara) ist eine aus Rumänien stammende Schachspielerin. Seit Dezember 2008 spielt sie für den US-amerikanischen Schachverband, dessen Meisterschaft der Frauen sie 2017 gewann.


Early life.

Joshi was born and spent her childhood in Burma. In 2007, she described her experience growing up there:

Education.

Joshi gained her Bachelor of Science with honours in 1981 at the University of Sydney, and her PhD at Princeton University under the supervision of Martin David Kruskal.  Her PhD thesis was entitled "The Connection Problem for the First and Second Painlevé Transcendents."

Career.

After a postdoctoral fellowship in 1987 and a research fellowship and lectureship (1988–90), both at the Australian National University, Joshi took up a lectureship at the University of New South Wales in Sydney (1990–94) and was promoted to senior lecturer in 1994. In 1997, she won an Australian Research Council (ARC) senior research fellowship, which she took up at the University of Adelaide, and became an associate professor/reader at that university a year later. In 2002 she moved to the University of Sydney as Chair of Applied Mathematics; since 2006 she has been director of the Centre for Mathematical Biology, from 2007 to 2009 head of the School of Mathematics and Statistics (associate head since 2010).  In 2015, Joshi co-founded and co-chaired the Science in Australia Gender Equity (SAGE) program, which works to increase retention of women in STEM fields using Athena SWAN principles. Since 2016, she has served as a member of the SAGE Expert Advisory Group.

Awards and honors.

Joshi was elected a fellow of the Australian Academy of Science in March 2008, and has held a number of positions in the Australian Mathematical Society, including its presidency from December 2008 to September 2010. She was also a board member of the Australian Mathematics Trust (2010–13) She has been on the National Committee for Mathematical Sciences since January 2010.  In 2012, Joshi became a Georgina Sweet Australian Laureate Fellow, which involves the five-year project, "Geometric construction of critical solutions of nonlinear systems".  In 2015, she was the 150th Anniversary Hardy Lecturer, an award by the London Mathematical Society involving an extensive series of lectures throughout the United Kingdom. She is a Fellow of the Royal Society of New South Wales (FRSN). In June 2016, she was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia.  Joshi was elected vice-president of the International Mathematical Union in July 2018. She was recognised in the October 2019 NSW Premier's Prizes for "Excellence in Mathematics, Earth Sciences, Chemistry or Physics".

Nalini Joshi is an Australian mathematician. She is a professor in the School of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of Sydney, the first woman in the School to hold this position, and is a past-president of the Australian Mathematical Society.

Nalini Joshi (geb. vor 1981 in Burma) ist eine australische Mathematikerin, die sich mit Partiellen Differentialgleichungen befasst. Joshi studierte an der University of Sydney mit dem Bachelor-Abschluss 1981 und an der Princeton University mit dem Master-Abschluss 1984 und der Promotion bei Martin Kruskal 1986 (The Connection Problem for the First and Second Painleve Transcendents). Als Post-Doktorandin war sie an der Australian National University, an der sie 1988 Lecturer wurde. 1990 wurde sie Lecturer und 1994 Senior Lecturer an der University of New South Wales und 1998 Associate Professor (Reader) an der University of Adelaide. 2002 wurde sie Professorin für Angewandte Mathematik an der University of Sydney. 2006 bis 2013 war sie dort Direktorin des Center for Mathematical Biology und 2007 bis 2009 leitete sie die School of Mathematics and Physics.


History.

During the strike, the Thatcher administration sequestered the funds of the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM), meaning that it was pointless for supporters of the strike to send donations to the national union. Instead, support groups throughout the UK were encouraged to "twin" directly with the various mining communities in England, Scotland and Wales. Among these organisations, the LGSM was formed by Mark Ashton and his friend Michael Jackson, after the two men collected donations for the miners at the 1984 Lesbian and Gay Pride march in London. The London LGSM group met and fundraised in numerous locations, including the Gay's the Word bookshop. The group grew rapidly and moved out of Gay's The Word to a larger venue: "The Fallen Angel", a gay pub in Graham Street, Islington. The London group was twinned with the Neath, Dulais and Swansea Valleys Miners Support Groups.  In November 1984, a group of lesbians broke away from LGSM to form a separate group, Lesbians Against Pit Closures, although some lesbians remained active in the LGSM campaign rather than joining the women-only group.  In addition to raising approximately £22,500 for the families who were on strike, there were reciprocal visits. The largest single fundraising event that LGSM organised was the "Pits and Perverts" benefit concert, which was held in the Electric Ballroom in Camden Town, London on 10 December 1984. The event was headlined by Bronski Beat and its lead singer, Jimmy Somerville. The title of the benefit is claimed by many to have originated as a headline in the British tabloid "The Sun", but this remains unproven and probably erroneous.

Legacy.

The alliances which the campaign forged between the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community and British labour groups proved to be an important turning point in the progression of LGBT issues in the United Kingdom. Miners' labour groups began to support, endorse and participate in various gay pride events throughout the UK, including leading London's Lesbian and Gay Pride parade in 1985. Additionally, at the 1985 Labour Party conference in Bournemouth, a resolution committing the party to the support of LGBT rights passed, due to block voting support from the National Union of Mineworkers. The miners' groups were also among the most outspoken allies of the LGBT community in the 1988 campaign against Section 28.  An archive of the London group's work is kept at the People's History Museum in Manchester, England. It includes the minutes of the weekly meetings, correspondence, press cuttings, publicity material, enamel badges, photographs and the group's banner.  The London group's alliance with the Welsh mining village of Onllwyn is dramatised in the 2014 film, "Pride", which was directed by Matthew Warchus. Several of the surviving group members participated in the film's promotion.  In 2015, following the film's release, the surviving members of the organisation held a 30th anniversary reunion to raise funds for the Mark Ashton Fund, an HIV/AIDS charitable fund administered by the Terrence Higgins Trust. The group was chosen to lead the 2015 Birmingham Pride parade, in recognition of their historic status. They were also slated to lead the 2015 Pride in London parade, but withdrew in favour of marching further back in the parade after organisers refused to allow other affiliated groups, such as trade union contingents, to march immediately alongside the LGSM. They also accepted invitations to 2015 Pride marches in Derry, Doncaster, Newcastle upon Tyne, Sunderland, Norwich, Liverpool Pride, Belfast and Leeds Pride.  LGSM announced on 9 October 2015 that the group would "wind down as a current campaigning force", saying that they did not want to become "a LGBT version of the British Legion". The group elected four original core members to carry the legacy of the group onwards. These were Mike Jackson (Secretary), Dave Lewis (Press Officer), Martin Goodsell and Brett Haran (both Treasurers). The remit of the four is to continue fundraising by selling merchandise (t-shirts, badges, the book "Pride", etc.); respond to speaker requests; develop and maintain the website and to attend directly related mineworkers' legacy events such as the Durham Miners' Gala. The legacy group gained the approval of a substantial majority of the former members in supporting Jeremy Corbyn as Labour leader in August 2016.

"Pride" the book.

The group were approached in 2016 by UK publisher John Blake Books to produce a book about LGSM and they accepted. Author Tim Tate was chosen. He made extensive audio recordings of original members of LGSM and the mining families and activists they twinned with in South Wales. These verbatim interviews are woven together with the author's explanatory narrative. The book was published in 2017 by John Blake, it is available both in paperback and digital editions.

Lesbians and Gays Support the Miners (LGSM) was an alliance of lesbians and gay men who supported National Union of Mineworkers during the year-long strike of 1984–1985. By the end of the strike, eleven different LGSM groups had emerged throughout the UK, with the London group alone raising £22,500 by 1985 () in support.

Lesbians and Gays Support the Miners (LGSM, : "Lesben und Schwule unterstützen die Bergarbeiter") war eine britische Vereinigung von Homosexuellen, die sich zur finanziellen und moralischen Unterstützung der Streikenden und ihrer Familien während des einjährigen Bergarbeiterstreiks von 1984/1985 gegründet hatte. Als der Arbeitskampf im März 1985 endete, gab es 11 LGSM-Gruppen in Großbritannien.


Life.

Alusian was the second son of Emperor Ivan Vladislav of Bulgaria (r. 1015–1018) by his wife Maria. Together with his older brother Presian II he attempted to resist Bulgaria's annexation by the Byzantine Empire in 1018 but eventually had to surrender to Emperor Basil II (r. 976–1025) in the same year.  In the Byzantine Empire Alusian joined the ranks of the court aristocracy and was appointed governor ("stratēgos") of the theme of Theodosioupolis. Alusian increased his wealth by marrying a rich member of the Armenian nobility, but in the later 1030s he lost the favor of Emperor Michael IV the Paphlagonian (r. 1034–1041) and his brother, the powerful "parakoimomenos" John the Orphanotrophos. Alusian was deprived of certain estates and fined a hefty amount for alleged misdeeds.  Hearing of the successful uprising of his second cousin Peter Delyan against the emperor in 1040, Alusian fled the Roman court and joined Peter's ranks. Alusian was welcomed by Peter, who gave him an army with which to attack Thessalonica. The siege however was raised by the Romans, and the Bulgarian army was defeated. Alusian barely escaped and returned to Ostrovo. One night in 1041, during dinner, Alusian took advantage of Peter's inebriation and cut off his nose and blinded him with a kitchen knife. Since Alusian was of the blood of Tsar Samuel (r. 997–1014), he was quickly proclaimed emperor in Peter's place by his troops, but conspired to desert to the Byzantines. As the Bulgarian and Byzantine troops were preparing for battle, Alusian deserted to the enemy, surrendering the blinded Peter Delyan to the emperor. As a reward, his possessions and lands were restored to him and he was given the high court rank of "magistros". The same title had been granted earlier to other deposed emperors of Bulgaria, namely Boris II in 971 and Presian II in 1018.  Alusian's subsequent fate is unknown, but his descendants, the Alousianoi, continued to prosper in the ranks of the Byzantine aristocracy until the 14th century.

Family.

By his marriage to an Armenian noblewoman from the theme of Kharsianon, Alusian had several children, including:

Alusian (, ) was a Bulgarian and Byzantine noble who ruled as emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria for a short time in 1041.

LaPhonso Darnell Ellis (* 5. Mai 1970 in East St. Louis, Illinois) ist ein ehemaliger US-amerikanischer Basketballspieler. Ellis spielte 11 Jahre in der NBA.


History.

Big Rapids was settled in 1855 by George French and his brother Zera. It became the seat of Mecosta County in 1859. The village was platted in 1859. It was incorporated as a city in 1869.

Geography.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of, of which is land and is water. Like most of the central Michigan area, it lies on the ancient sea bed and has a sandy subsoil which lies above an iron ore base. The Muskegon River runs through Big Rapids, passing both Ferris State University and the local middle school on its way to Lake Michigan. Numerous small lakes are within a few miles of the city.

Government.

The city levies an income tax of 1 percent on residents and 0.5 percent on nonresidents.

Transportation.

Cycling, Hiking.

The Fred Meijer White Pine Trail, a 92-mile multi-use trail from Grand Rapids to Cadillac, MI, passes through Big Rapids.

Demographics.

2010 census.

As of the census of 2010, there were 10,601 people, 3,330 households, and 1,323 families living in the city. The population density was. There were 3,623 housing units at an average density of. The racial makeup of the city was 88.0% White, 6.8% African American, 0.7% Native American, 1.5% Asian, 0.6% from other races, and 2.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.4% of the population.  There were 3,330 households, of which 22.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 22.9% were married couples living together, 12.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 60.3% were non-families. 36.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.88.  The median age in the city was 21.8 years. 12.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 54% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 15.9% were from 25 to 44; 11.2% were from 45 to 64; and 6.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.0% male and 49.0% female.

2000 census.

As of the census of 2000, there were 10,849 people, 3,388 households, and 1,473 families living in the city. The population density was 2,555.5 per square mile (985.6/km). There were 3,654 housing units at an average density of 860.7 per square mile (332.0/km). The racial makeup of the city was 83.57% White, 10.63% Black, 0.73% Native American, 2.24% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.50% from other races, and 2.30% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.83% of the population.  There were 3,388 households, out of which 25.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 26.5% were married couples living together, 14.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 56.5% were non-families. 35.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.93.  In the city, the population was spread out, with 15.2% under the age of 18, 51.0% from 18 to 24, 17.3% from 25 to 44, 9.1% from 45 to 64, and 7.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 22 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.4 males. Ferris State University has a high number of male students, accounting for this anomaly.  The median income for a household in the city was $20,192, and the median income for a family was $28,629. Males had a median income of $30,341 versus $19,770 for females. The per capita income for the city was $10,719. About 19.2% of families and 35.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.3% of those under age 18 and 11.6% of those age 65 or over.

Climate.

This climatic region has large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Big Rapids has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

Big Rapids is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 10,601 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Mecosta County. The city is located within Big Rapids Township, but is politically independent. Big Rapids is home of the main campus of Ferris State University, a four-year public university, well known for its College of Pharmacy and the Michigan College of Optometry, as well as its NCAA Division I hockey team, the Bulldogs.

Big Rapids ist eine Stadt ("City") im US-Bundesstaat Michigan. Big Rapids ist Verwaltungssitz ("County Seat") des Mecosta County. Beim Census im Jahr 2010 zählte Big Rapids 10.601 Einwohner.


Early life.

Luke Christopher was born in Van Nuys, CA. He grew up in the San Fernando Valley and in Westlake Village, California. As a teenager, he started making songs in his room from scratch. After graduating from high school, he was accepted by the University of Southern California, but he did not attend due to the fact that he was offered a record deal by Interscope Records his senior year of high school.

Career.

Early on in his career, Christopher was discovered by Music Executive Ron Fair and Jimmy Iovine his senior year of high school. Before releasing his first mixtape, Christopher had released several songs. On January 1, 2012, he released his debut mixtape, titled "Building Skies". The music was compared to Drake's by musical website Breakonacloud.com. On July 6, 2012 he released "TMRW, TMRW", a mixtape that began to make waves in Los Angeles.  In 2013 he signed a record agreement with ByStorm Entertainment / RCA by Mark Pitts and Peter Edge. On September 30, 2014 he landed a new mixtape titled "TMRW, TMRW Pt. II". Most of the mixtape's fifteen tracks were produced by Luke himself. On January 24, 2015 Christopher's song "Lot to Learn" entered the Billboard Twitter Emerging Artists Charts at 28.  On September 11, 2015, Christopher released a double EP, "YSTRDY" and "TMRW". While "YSTRDY" contains remastered songs from old projects, "TMRW" features new content including the hit single "They Know". After its debut on iTunes, "TMRW" immediate positioned itself in the Top 100 albums in the Hip-Hop/Rap category. His song "Roses" from the "TMRW" was subsequently featured in the Galaxy S7 ad campaign.  On July 28, 2017 he published his first studio album "TMRWFRVR" including 15 songs, one of which was a copy of the 2015 hit song from the album "TMRW", "Lot to Learn" (ByStorm Entertainment and RCA).  On August 10, 2018, Christopher released the first single of his project "THE RENAISSANCE" called 'TROUBLE'. This began the weekly releasing of new singles from this project.

Luke Christopher Hubbard (born May 8, 1993) is an American rapper, singer, producer and songwriter. Known as Luke Christopher, he is signed to ByStorm Entertainment / RCA.

Luke Christopher (* 8. Mai 1993 in Los Angeles) ist ein US-amerikanischer Rapper, Sänger, Musikproduzent und Liedermacher. Er hat einen Plattenvertrag bei ByStorm Entertainment / RCA und hat während seiner Karriere einige Mixtapes veröffentlicht. Mit der aus dem Mixtape TMRW ausgekoppelten Single "Lot to Learn" konnte er sich in unter anderem Australien, Norwegen und Schweden sowie den deutschsprachigen Ländern in den Charts platzieren.


Technology.

The wristbands themselves are constructed of a thick fabric with LEDs inside the fabric. A radio receiver is located within a plastic case on the band, and it receives wireless signals from a controller. These signals are sent either by a handheld TV remote styled controller, which has a range of 250 meters, or a controller which is hosted on a laptop computer linked to a radio transmitter, which can remotely control the bands from up to 300 meters away. The operator of the controller or laptop software may program all wristbands or only those of certain colors to flash on and off at specific intervals and specific moments. The wristbands are not intended to be lit outside of the concert venue, although there exist anecdotes of Xylobands "coming back to life" at seemingly random times.

Uses.

The wristbands were given to each audience member at Coldplay's 2012 Mylo Xyloto tour. As the music played, the wristbands flashed with the music to create a colorful light show in the audience, which the "Washington Post" referred to as a "psychedelicatessen of moving, multicolored lights.". It was wrongly reported that Xylobands were costing the band approximately €490,000 per concert. Xylobands were also prominently featured in Coldplay's "Charlie Brown" music video. Santa Cruz-based electronic music event promotion company, VitalSC, are currently offering Xylobands as part of a VIP package for their upcoming annual Dubstep music event, Wobbleland.  Xylobands were also used by Cisco Systems during their Cisco Live London 2013 event. The bands were given out to attendees to wear during a keynote presentation. Attendees to the conference were also given Xylobands when attending a party on the final evening of the conference. Video of the solutions keynote speech uploaded to YouTube includes references and brief footage of the bands.  It is uncertain whether or not the bands will be used by other organizations, such as sports teams. Regler and Coldplay currently have an agreement which governs the design trademark on the bands, the patent, and the intellectual property rights to the Xylobands. Regler also stated that the band would not want the Xyloband experience diluted, and that it remained to be seen if they would be marketed to other organizations. Yet, Xylobands' website beckons prospective customers to "put your brand on a Xyloband!"  In early October 2013, and then again in 2015, the Chicago Blackhawks used Xylobands as a part of their banner raising ceremony to celebrate their recent Stanley Cup wins.  They were used in a concert in Abu Dhabi on 31 October 2013 while Al Gasmy, and Amr Diab where performing. It was a promotion to the telecom operator DU in UAE Also used during the Jay Z concert in Abu Dhabi on 1 November 2013 by DU. Audience members began throwing their lit bands into the air and across the heads of the crowd which, although unintended, created a fascinating visual display similar to fireless fireworks.  On 29 October 2014, Xylobands were given to each fan in attendance for the New York Knicks vs. Chicago Bulls at Madison Square Garden. The Xylobands were used during introductions during a short performance by the Blue Man Group.  In April 2015, the New York Rangers used Xylobands as part of their pregame ceremony in the first round of the 2015 Stanley Cup Playoffs versus the Pittsburgh Penguins  Xylobands were launched by RB Concepts Ltd, a company set up by entrepreneur Clive Banks with inventor Jason Regler  In August 2015, a video was posted on the Xyloband YouTube page showing iPad controlling and the bands flashing in different colors. The Xylobands are used in Coldplay's tour in support of their seventh album, "A Head Full of Dreams".  The Xylobands were also used in April 2016, as a 'concert element' during an on-stage music recording for the closure of Michael McIntyre's 'Big Show'.  In June 2016, the bands were used during the opening session of the #smaccDUB conference in Dublin, Ireland and during Coldplay's headline performance on the Pyramid Stage at Glastonbury Festival 2016.  The Cancer Research UK Shine Walk (25/26 September 2016) gave away Xylobands to its entrants. This fundraising walk is a half or full marathon through the streets of London overnight, and the bands fit with the theme of the event, to "shine" by wearing LEDs, EL wire, Glow Sticks and so on to light up the night. The bands were plain white and were set to light up at strategic points, such as mile markers, pit stops and other important points. They were also programmed to "go crazy" and flash multiple colours at the finish line.

Xylobands are wristbands that contain light-emitting diodes and radio frequency receivers. The lights inside the wristband can be controlled by a software program, which sends signals to the wristband, instructing it to light up or blink, for example. The RGB version has a white strap and can emit any colour on the visible spectrum. The single colour version is available in green, blue, yellow, red, pink, and white. The first use of Xylobands on a large scale was on Coldplay's 2012 Mylo Xyloto tour. A Xyloband was given to each member of the audience, and as the concert played, the flashing of the bands was synchronized to the music. The inventor of the wristbands, Jason Regler, stated that he had the idea for the flashing wristbands while at a Coldplay concert, during the song "Fix You".

Ein Xyloband ist ein Armband, das LEDs und Funkempfänger enthält. Die Lichter im Armband können von einer Software kontrolliert werden, die Signale zum Armband sendet und es so zum Aufleuchten oder Blinken bringt. Die RGB-Version hat ein weißes Band und kann jede Farbe auf dem Farbspektrum anzeigen. Die einfarbige Version gibt es in grün, blau, gelb, rot, pink und weiß. Xylobands wurden im größeren Rahmen zum ersten Mal bei der Mylo Xyloto Tour der Band Coldplay im Jahr 2012 benutzt. Jeder Zuschauer bekam dort ein Xyloband, welches während des Konzerts im Takt der Musik blinkte.


History.

The first permanent Anglo settlers in the area were Stephen Flinn and his wife's brother-in-law, Milton Blocker. On April 13, 1836, they purchased of land – known as Sections 34 and 35 – in newly created DeSoto County from Chickasaw chief Lush-Pun-Tubby for $1,600. Flinn conveyed the land to Blocker for $6,400 in 1840. A small community initially known as "Cowpens" sprang up in the early 1840s. The name was changed to "Watson's Crossroads" in 1842. In 1846, when a post office was established, the name was changed again to "Olive Branch". Frances Wilson Blocker, a descendant of one of the community's founders, suggested the name as a way to symbolize the biblical story of a dove bringing a branch to Noah. With the exception of a few skirmishes occurring in an area southwest of the community, Olive Branch escaped much of the destruction and violence during the Civil War.  Olive Branch was incorporated as a town on May 1, 1874. Ben Wesson was elected as the first mayor. At the first census conducted after incorporation in 1880, the population was 73. A railroad line was built through Olive Branch in 1885, connecting the town to Memphis and Birmingham. The town was officially designated a village on March 6, 1888.  At the turn of the 20th century, nearly 200 people lived in Olive Branch. In the ensuing years, several modern amenities were introduced in the village, including the first cotton gin (1910), a public water system (1922), and electrical service (1927). T.H. Norvell's cheese plant (at the side of present-day BancorpSouth) opened in 1929, becoming the first major industry in Olive Branch. A public sewer system was built, and local streets were paved circa 1940. The village experienced modest growth during the next few decades, rising from 441 in the 1940 census, to 534 in 1950, and 642 in 1960. Growth accelerated in the 1960s, and by 1970 the population had more than doubled to 1,513. In 1971, a site located a few miles from downtown Olive Branch was chosen as the home of Holiday Inn University and Conference Center. Simultaneous with construction of the University, Holiday Inn began work on a industrial park. This was followed by the opening of Olive Branch Airport in January 1973. With a runway length of, it is currently one of Mississippi's five most active airports for landings and takeoffs. U.S. Highway 78 was built through Olive Branch in 1974. Such developments and infrastructure improvements brought an influx of jobs, industries, and people to DeSoto County and Olive Branch.  The 1990s were a period of explosive growth in the city; 3,567 people lived in Olive Branch at the 1990 census. In 1996, a land annexation to the west doubled the city's total land area. By 2000, the population had risen to 21,054, a 490 percent increase over the 1990 figure.

Geography and climate.

Olive Branch is located in northeastern DeSoto County, at the junction of U.S. Route 78, and State Highways 302 (known locally as Goodman Road) and 305 (Germantown Road/Cockrum Street). Via US 78 it is northwest to the center of Memphis.  The city's northern border is the Mississippi/Tennessee state line. The Memphis city limits touch the western portion of Olive Branch's northern border. The city of Southaven, Mississippi, borders Olive Branch on the west, and unincorporated areas border the city to the east and south.  According to the United States Census Bureau, the city of Olive Branch has a total area of, of which is land and, or 0.56%, is water.

Demographics.

As of the census of 2010, there were 33,484 people. The racial makeup of the city was 70.2% White, 23.8% African American, 0.5% Native American, 1.6% Asian, and Hispanic or Latino were 4.2% of the population. The median income for a household in the city was $68,287, and the median income for a family was $75,107.

Economy.

Many locally owned, small businesses have been operating in Olive Branch for several decades. Examples are Old Style Barbecue and Olive Branch Printing. Several regional businesses, such as Bancorpsouth and Holiday Inn, are also located in the area. In 2003 Memphis lost its only permanent indoor ice rink with the closure of the troubled Mall of Memphis. A new rink opened in Olive Branch in August 2011.

Education.

Olive Branch is served by the DeSoto County School District. Private schools include:

Infrastructure.

Transportation.

Highways.

Highway 78, which turns into Lamar Avenue after crossing the border in Memphis, Mississippi Highway 302 (MS-302/Goodman Road), and Highway 305 (Cockrum, Germantown, Riverdale) are the main thoroughfares in the Olive Branch area.

Railroad.

A railroad line to Birmingham from Memphis runs through Olive Branch. It is used by BNSF.

Airport.

Olive Branch is served by Olive Branch Airport.

Olive Branch is a city in DeSoto County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 33,484 at the 2010 census, up from 21,054 in 2000. Olive Branch is part of the Memphis Metropolitan Statistical Area, a region that consists of three counties in southwest Tennessee, five counties in northwest Mississippi, and two counties in eastern Arkansas. From 1990 to 2010 Olive Branch was the fastest growing city in the United States, with a growth rate of 838%. Along with other rapidly growing suburbs in DeSoto County, Olive Branch attributes most of its growth and development to the exodus of large numbers of middle-class families from central Memphis.

Olive Branch ist eine Stadt im DeSoto County im US-Bundesstaat Mississippi, etwa 300 Kilometer nördlich der Hauptstadt Jackson. Die Stadt befindet sich ganz im Norden Mississippis an der Grenze zum Nachbarstaat Tennessee und gehört zur Metropolregion Memphis.


Biography.

Lowery was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on July 24, 1916. He attended Boyd Business College and the National School of Photography in Pennsylvania. He was a newspaper photographer in Pittsburgh before World War II. In 1967, he served as president of the Marine Corps Combat Correspondents Association. He received the Brigadier General Robert L. Denig Memorial Award in 1983 for distinguished service.

U.S. Marine Corps.

Lowery covered fighting on Peleliu, Saipan, Tinian, Guam, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa during World War II. He was awarded two Purple Hearts. He remained in the Marine Corps Reserve after the war and obtained the rank of captain.

Battle of Iwo Jima.

U.S. Flag raisings.

On February 23, 1945, Lowery, then a staff sergeant, accompanied the 40-man combat patrol (which included two Navy corpsmen) that climbed Mount Suribachi to seize and occupy the crest and raise the Second Battalion's U.S. flag if possible to signal that it was captured. The patrol led by First Lieutenant Harold Schrier, captured and secured the mountaintop and raised the flag attached to a Japanese steel water pipe approximately 10:30 A.M. Immediately after the flag was raised, a short firefight took place after Japanese soldiers came out of a cave. An enemy grenade was tossed, and Lowery fell with his camera several feet down the side of the crater from the blast. Lowery was unhurt, and though his camera was damaged, the film was intact.  The actual flag raising (not in Lowery's photographs) was done by Lt. Schrier (a former Marine Raider), Platoon Sgt. Ernest Thomas (a former drill instructor), and Sgt. Henry Hansen (a former Paramarine), according to Sgt. Thomas who did a CBS news interview aboard the flagship USS Eldorado (AGC-11) after meeting with Vice Admiral Richmond K. Turner and Lieutenant General Holland Smith on February 25, 1945. Most of the patrol members were from Third Platoon, Easy Company, 2nd Battalion, 28th Marine Regiment, 5th Marine Division; Pfc. Raymond Jacobs was the radioman (photographed by Lowery) reassigned from F Company for the patrol. Hansen was killed in action on Iwo Jima on March 1 and Thomas on March 3, 1945.  The flag was determined to be too small to be easily seen north of Mount Suribachi where most of the Japanese soldiers were located and heavy fighting would occur in the coming days. A second (and larger) American flag attached to another Japanese steel pipe, was raised and planted by a group of six different Marines approximately 1 P.M. the same day which resulted in the world-famous photograph taken by Joe Rosenthal of the Associated Press who was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Photography later that year. At Schrier's command, one flag went up and the other flag came down. Rosenthal, whose photos were processed days before Lowery's photos were, went up Mount Suribachi with Marine photographers Sgt. Bill Genaust (killed in action on March 4) and Pvt. Robert R. Campbell after the first flag was raised. While Lowery was coming down Suribachi, he met Rosenthal and the two Marine photographers, and he informed them about the first flag raising.  On March 14, by orders of General Holland Smith, another U.S. flag was officially raised during a ceremony at V Amphibious Corps headquarters near the base of Mount Suribachi which signaled the island was occupied by U.S. Forces and the flag flying on Mount Suribachi was taken down; the battle of Iwo Jima was officially over on March 26.

Lowery headstone.

Lowery was buried at the Quantico National Cemetery in 1987, followed by his wife Doris in 2004.

Louis R. Lowery Award.

The "Louis R. Lowery Award", sponsored by Leatherneck magazine and the Marine Corps Association, is presented for photo of the year appearing in Leatherneck or as its cover.

Military awards.

Lowery's military decorations and awards include:

Marine Corps War Memorial.

The Marine Corps War Memorial (also known as the Iwo Jima Memorial) in Arlington, Virginia which was inspired by Rosenthal's photograph of the second flag-raising by six Marines atop Mount Suribachi on February 23, 1945, was dedicated on November 10, 1954. Lowery, who was present at the first flag-raising on Mount Suribachi and took the first photographs of the American flag, attended the dedication.  President Dwight D. Eisenhower sat upfront with Vice President Richard Nixon, Deputy Secretary of Defense Robert Anderson, and General Lemuel C. Shepherd, the 20th Commandant of the Marine Corps during the dedication ceremony. Two of the three surviving flag-raisiers depicted on the monument, Ira Hayes and Rene Gagnon, were seated together with John Bradley (a Navy corpsman who was incorrectly identified as being a flag-raiser) in the front rows of seats along with relatives of those who were killed in action on the island. Speeches were given by Richard Nixon, Robert Anderson who dedicated the memorial, and General Shepherd who presented the memorial to the American people. Inscribed on the memorial are the following words:  On June 23, 2016, the Marine Corps announced that former Navy corpsman John Bradley (deceased) who was depicted as the third bronze statue from the bottom of the flagstaff on the monument, was not in the Rosenthal photograph and former Marine Harold Schultz (deceased) was. Franklin Sousley and Schultz are depicted as the third and fifth bronze statues from the bottom of the flagstaff with the 32 foot (9.8 M) bronze statues of Harlon Block, Rene Gagnon, Michael Strank, and Ira Hayes on the monument.

Louis R. "Lou" Lowery (July 24, 1916 – April 15, 1987) was a United States Marine Corps captain. He was the only Marine Corps combat photographer to cover six major campaigns during World War II. He is best known for taking the first photographs of the first American flag that was raised on top of Mount Suribachi during the Battle of Iwo Jima on the morning of February 23, 1945.

Louis „Lou“ Robert Lowery (* 24. Juli 1916 in Pittsburgh, Vereinigte Staaten; † 15. April 1987 in Fairfax, Vereinigte Staaten) war ein US-amerikanischer Soldat des US Marine Corps und Kriegsfotograf im Zweiten Weltkrieg.


Principles.

The openness of "open manufacturing" may relate to the nature of the product (open design), to the nature of the production machines and methods (e.g. open source 3D-printers, open source CNC), to the process of production and innovation (commons-based peer production / collaborative / distributed manufacturing), or to new forms of value creation (network-based bottom-up or hybrid versus business-centric top down). Jeremy Rifkin argues, that open production through 3D-printing "will eventually and inevitably reduce marginal costs to near zero, eliminate profit, and make property exchange in markets unnecessary for many (though not all) products".

Socioeconomic implications.

The following points are seen as key implications of open manufacturing: In the context of socioeconomic development, open manufacturing has been described as a path towards a more sustainable industrialization on a global scale, that promotes "social sustainability" and provides the opportunity to shift to a "collaboration-oriented industrialization driven by stakeholders from countries with different development status connected in a global value creation at eye level".  For developing countries, open production could notably lead to products more adapted to local problems and local markets and reduce dependencies on foreign goods, as vital products could be manufactured locally. In such a context, open manufacturing is strongly linked to the broader concept of Open Source Appropriate Technology movement.

Views.

According to scholar Michel Bauwens, Open Manufacturing is "the expansion of peer production to the world of physical production".  Redlich and Bruns define "Open Production" as "a new form of coordination for production systems that implies a superior broker system coordinating the information and material flows between the stakeholders of production", and which will encompass the entire value creation process for physical goods: development, manufacturing, sales, support etc.  A policy paper commissioned by the European Commission uses the term "maker manufacturing" and positions it between social innovation, open source ICT and manufacturing.

Criticism.

A number of factors are seen to hamper the broad-based application of the model of "open manufacturing" and / or to realize its positive implications for more sustainable global production pattern.  The first factor is the sustainability of commons-based peer production models: "Empowerment happens only, if the participants are willing to share their knowledge with their colleagues. The participation of the actors cannot be guaranteed, thus there are many cases known, where participation could only be insufficiently realized". Other problems include missing or inadequate systems of quality control, the persistent paradigm of high-volume manufacturing and its cost-efficiency, the lack of widely adopted platforms to share hardware designs, as well as challenges linked to the joint-ownership paradigm behind the open licences of open manufacturing and the fact, that hardware is much more difficult to share and to standardize than software.  In developing countries, a number of factors need to be considered in addition to the points above. Scholar Waldman-Brown names the following: lack of manufacturing expertise and informality of current SMMs in emerging markets as an obstacle to quality control for final products and raw material as well as universities and vocational training programs not apt to react rapidly enough to provide the necessary knowledge and qualifications.

Open manufacturing, also known as open production, maker manufacturing, and with the slogan "Design Global, Manufacture Local" is a new model of socioeconomic production in which physical objects are produced in an open, collaborative and distributed manner and based on open design and open source principles.

Open-Production, „Open Manufacturing“ oder „Offene Produktion“ ist ein neues Modell der Wertschöpfung, in welchem physische Objekte auf Basis von Offenheit, Kollaboration, Vernetzung und Digitalisierung entwickelt und hergestellt werden. Das Modell übernimmt Prinzipien von Open-Design und Open-Source.


History.

af2: 2003–2009.

The Blizzard started out as an af2 expansion team in 2003 with Jose Jefferson as the team's head coach. The team finished 2–14, last in the National Conference Midwest Division. They only averaged 2,957 fans a game.  At the beginning of the 2004 season, the Blizzard replaced Jose Jefferson with former Green Bay Packers linebacker Brian Noble. Despite the team improving during the 2004 season, the Blizzard finished 6–10.  In 2005, the team moved from the National Conference to the American Conference of AF2. The Blizzard became a member of the American Conference's East division. The team also replaced Noble with veteran Arena Football League Bob Landsee. The team continued their trend of improvement in 2005 finishing 9–7, good for 3rd in the East Division, and reaching the postseason for the first time. They fell in the first round to Wilkes-Barre/Scranton.  Blizzard head coach Bob Landsee became the first coach in team history to return for their second season. The Blizzard also came under new ownership as former coach Brian Noble lead an investment group that purchased the team. Noble became the new President of the four-year-old franchise and began a complete revitalization of the organization, drastically lowering ticket prices in an attempt to boost their average game attendance. The team set a new single game attendance record of 7,184 in the season finale against Louisville. The team experienced an improvement on the field as well, going into the final game of the 2006 regular season tied with the Louisville Fire for first in the East Division at 9–6. This set up a showdown between the two teams at the Resch Center for the East Division title, which the Blizzard won 54–53. The Blizzard earned a first round bye before facing the 2005 ArenaCup Champion Memphis Xplorers in the Blizzard's inaugural home playoff game, which they won 67–50. This victory sent them to the American Conference Championship Game against the Florida Firecats, which they won 60–47, capturing the conference title and advancing to ArenaCup VII, where they lost to the Spokane Shock 54–37.  Coach Bob Landsee had difficulties resulting from surgery and was forced to take a leave of absence for the 2007 season. He was replaced by defensive coordinator Doug Lytle, who led the Blizzard to a 9–7 season, remaining undefeated at home yet losing all but one road game. The Blizzard made the playoffs for the third consecutive year and surprised their rival and Midwest Division Champion Quad City Steamwheelers 39–34 in the first round game. The Blizzard carried over their success at home from the regular season by defeating Louisville in the second round 37–27, but lost to the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Pioneers in their second consecutive American Conference championship game, 46–43.  Head coach Bob Landsee returned in 2008 and led the Blizzard to an 11–5 record and a Midwest Division title. The Blizzard set a single game record for attendance against Lexington with 7,258 and had the largest average attendance in team history with an average of 6,125 fans per game. In the first round of the playoffs the Blizzard defeated Lexington 65–37 after having lost twice to them in the regular season. The Blizzard then hosted Manchester in a second round game, losing 55–54 on a last minute Manchester two-point conversion.  After beginning the season by defeating the defending ArenaCup Champion Tennessee Valley Vipers. The Blizzard failed to capture a consecutive Midwest Division title and finished the season 10–6, earning the #6 seed in the 2009 af2 playoffs. The Blizzard advanced to their third American Conference Championship, losing to #1 seed Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Pioneers 72–67.

Indoor Football League: 2010–present.

In October 2009, the team announced that unless the team found additional investors that they would be forced to cease operations. The Blizzard found new investors in an ownership group named Titletown Football Group, LLC, led by Green Bay Bullfrogs president Jeff Royle, who purchased the team in late October. In November 2009, the team announced that they would play the 2010 season in the Indoor Football League (IFL) due to AF2 filing for bankruptcy. At a team open house on November 17, 2009, the Blizzard announced their new head coach would be Rik Richards.  On December 5, 2009, the Blizzard announced a name-the-team contest. The Blizzard name and intellectual property was held by the then-defunct Arena Football League (AFL), which was the parent of the Blizzard's former league, af2. The assets of the former AFL were purchased by the newly formed Arena Football 1. The team ownership group was still attempting to purchase the rights to the Blizzard name and had decided to continue with the contest in case the Blizzard name was not able to be purchased, but the owners were able to acquire the Blizzard name and imagery.

Early success.

On December 15, 2009, the IFL announced the divisional alignment and schedule for the 2010 season. The Blizzard competed in the United Conference, Central North Division with the La Crosse Spartans, Chicago Slaughter and Bloomington Extreme. The Blizzard won the Central North Division, but lost their first round playoff game against the Chicago Slaughter.  For the 2011 season, the Blizzard competed in the United Conference, Great Lakes Division, which was a renamed Central North Division (the Spartans, Slaughter, and Extreme, along with the Blizzard). The Blizzard won the division title again and improved to 11–3 record. They defeated the Reading Express in their first round playoff game, but lost the United Conference Championship game to the eventual champions, the Sioux Falls Storm. Because of various teams leaving the IFL, either to join other leagues or cease operations altogether, the league played the 2012 season format in two conferences with no divisions. While the Spartans had ceased operations, the Blizzard's divisional rivals, the Slaughter and the newly renamed Bloomington Edge joined in the single-table United Conference along with the Reading Express, Sioux Falls Storm, Cedar Rapids Titans, Lehigh Valley Steelhawks and Omaha Beef. The Blizzard finished 11–3 again, for second place in the conference and three games behind the undefeated Storm. The Blizzard defeated the Edge in the first round, but again lost to the Storm for the United Conference Championship.

Playoff drought.

With the Beef, Edge, and Steelhawks leaving the IFL for other leagues and the Express suspending operations, the United Conference was reduced to five teams for the 2013 season, with the Blizzard, Slaughter, Titans, and Storm all returning and the newly renamed Texas Revolution (formerly the Allen Wranglers) moving from the Intense Conference. Junior Aumavae, a nose tackle who spent the 2012 season playing for the Blizzard, was signed by the New York Jets in late March 2013. After compiling a 1–5 record in the season's first six games, head coach Robert Fuller was replaced by defensive coordinator Chad Baldwin. After the 2013 season, the Chicago Slaughter moved to the Continental Indoor Football League, but the United Conference continued to have five teams with the expansion Bemidji Axemen. In September 2013, Titletown Football Group, LLC sold their majority ownership stake in the team to Larry and Kathy Treankler. The Blizzard began the 2014 season under head coach Chad Baldwin. After the team began the season 0–6, Baldwin was replaced by offensive coordinator Tommie Williams for the remainder of the season. The Blizzard introduced their new logo during this season. Tommie Williams had his interim tag removed and was named the head coach of the Blizzard. The Blizzard brought back veteran quarterback Donovan Porterie and traded for Carl Sims. The Blizzard won as many games as they had the previous two seasons combined, but their 6–8 record was not enough to qualify for the playoffs. On November 3, 2015, Williams and the Blizzard agreed to part ways. On December 7, 2015, Chris Williams was hired as the head coach of the Blizzard. To open the 2018 season, the Blizzard started out 0–5 after a bad showing with the I-Formation. Coach Chris Williams was relieved of his duties following the week 6 bye and was replaced by Corey Roberson as interim head coach. The Blizzard finished the season with two total wins.

2019 season.

Corey Roberson was named head coach for the 2019 season. Under Roberson, the Blizzard earned their first playoff berth since 2012 with a 9–5 regular season record.

Statistics and records.

Head coach records.

"Note: Statistics are correct through the 2019 Indoor Football League season"

Notable players.

Current roster.

Individual awards.

The following is a list of all Blizzard players who have won league awards:

The Green Bay Blizzard is a professional indoor football team based in Ashwaubenon, Wisconsin, founded in 2003. The Blizzard began play in the Indoor Football League in 2010, after having played the previous seven seasons in af2, the now-defunct minor league of the Arena Football League. They play their home games at the Resch Center in Ashwaubenon, Wisconsin. The team's logo represents Bruiser, the team mascot.

Die Green Bay Blizzard sind ein Arena-Football-Team aus Ashwaubenon, Wisconsin, das aktuell in der Indoor Football League (IFL) spielt. Ihre Heimspiele tragen die Blizzard im Resch Center aus.


Internationale Filmfestspiele von Venedig 2017

Jury.

The following people formed the 2017 juries:  Main Competition (Venezia 74)  Horizons (Orizzonti)  Opera Prima (Venice Award for a Debut Film)  Venice Classics  Venice Virtual Reality

Official selection.

In Competition.

The following films were selected for the main international competition:

Out of Competition.

The following films were selected to be screened out of competition:

Horizons.

The following films were selected for the Horizons (Orizzonti) section:

Venice Classics.

The following films were selected to be screened in the Venice Classics section:

Biennale College - Cinema.

The following films were selected for the Biennale College - Cinema section.

Il Cinema nel Giardino.

The following films were selected for the "Il Cinema nel Giardino" section:

Special screenings.

The following films were presented as Special screening of the Official Selection:

Autonomous sections.

International Critics' Week.

The following films were selected for the 32nd Venice International Critics' Week:

Venice Days.

The following films were selected for the 14th edition of the Venice Days (Giornate degli Autori) section:

Awards.

Official selection.

The following official awards were presented at the 74th edition:  In Competition  Horizons (Orizzonti)  Lion of the Future  Venezia Classici Awards  Special Awards

Autonomous sections.

The following collateral awards were conferred to films of the autonomous sections:  Venice International Critics' Week  Venice Days

Other collateral awards.

The following collateral awards were conferred to films of the official selection:

The 74th annual Venice International Film Festival was held from 30 August to 9 September 2017. The jury president was announced as the actress Annette Bening on 5 July 2017. "Downsizing", directed by Alexander Payne, was selected to open the festival. The Golden Lion, the highest prize given by the festival, was awarded to "The Shape of Water", directed by Guillermo del Toro.

Die 74. Internationalen Filmfestspiele von Venedig () fanden vom 30. August bis 9. September 2017 am Lido statt. Sie zählen neben der Berlinale und den Filmfestspielen von Cannes zu den drei bedeutendsten A-Festivals der Welt und standen zum 6. Mal in Folge unter der Leitung von Alberto Barbera. Als Eröffnungsfilm wurde die US-amerikanische Science-Fiction-Tragikomödie "Downsizing" von Alexander Payne ausgewählt. Als Abschlussfilm wurde Takeshi Kitanos Spielfilm "Outrage Coda" bestimmt.


Biography.

Sports career.

Bouzou grew up in Auch, in a sporting family. His father was a PE teacher and Joël participated in many different sports, so that he naturally discovered Modern Pentathlon.  He participated in four Olympic Games (Moscow 1980, Los Angeles 1984, Seoul 1988, Barcelona 1992) and won the team bronze medal in 1984. He won the Modern Pentathlon World Championships in 1987, beating Milan Kadlec. He is currently Secretary General of the Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne.  A member of the Executive Committee for the World Olympians Association (WOA) from 2003–2008, Bouzou also founded a French association Rassemblement par le Sport (Together through Sport) with the aim of helping to socially integrate young people living in volatile suburbs in France through sport.

Peace and sport.

Bouzou is President and Founder of a global initiative called Peace and Sport L’Organisation pour la Paix par le Sport founded in 2007 to promote the use of sport to foster dialogue and reconciliation everywhere where it's needed.  Peace and Sport, is a neutral international organization based in the Principality of Monaco and placed under the High Patronage of H.S.H. Prince Albert II of Monaco.

Distinctions and other activities.

In France, Bouzou is an Officer in The National Order of Merit and decorated with the Legion of Honour, one of the highest civil distinctions of the French Republic. He also holds the Gold Medal for Youth and Sport (in France) and the Silver Medal for Youth and Sport (in Monaco).  In March 2010 he was awarded a Honoris Causa Doctorate in Humane Letters from the University for Peace in recognition of "his unique worldwide leadership role in promoting peace and mutual understanding among different cultures, and his leadership of organizations devoted to these objectives".  He is also an advisor to H.S.H. Prince Albert II of Monaco.  In December 2011, Bouzou was elected president of the World Olympians Association on a four-year term. He was re-elected in 2015 for another four-year term unopposed.

Joël Bouzou (born 30 October 1955) is a former French athlete and World Champion of modern pentathlon in 1987. Bouzou is the President of the World Olympians Association

Joël Bouzou (* 30. Oktober 1955 in Figeac) ist ein ehemaliger französischer Moderner Fünfkämpfer. Er ist heute als Funktionär tätig.


History.

Early years.

In 1929, Chợ Lớn Municipal Commission decided to build a new stadium in the city. The stadium was named "Renault Field" after the city Commission Chairman at the time - Philippe Oreste Renault. The stadium was opened on October 18, 1931 by an inauguration football match between Cho Lon Police and Gia Dinh Stars with the Cho Lon side taking a 1-0 win. In its early day, the stadium only consisted of one 20-step spectators' stand, which was covered by a reinforced cement roof.

1955 – 1975.

From 1959 to October 1960, new stands and lighting system were added to the stadium while the main stand was expanded. This expansion increased the capacity of the stadium to 16,000 people. The stadium was then also renamed to "Cộng Hòa Stadium" ("Republic Stadium"). It was renovated again in 1967.  Between 1955 and 1975, the site had witnessed a number of major sporting events including an over-capacity 30,000 strong crowd to watch the elimination football match between South Vietnam and South Korea leading up to the 1964 Summer Olympics. In 1966, South Vietnam captured the Merdeka Cup in Malaysia after defeating Burma 1-0 in the final. This Merdeka Cup gold trophy was kept at the stadium afterwards. Its whereabouts are not known after the Fall of Saigon.  During the Vietnam War, the stadium was also the scene of terrorist attacks by the Vietcong. Explosives detonated on October 4, 1965 killed 11 and injured 42 others.

Post-1975.

On September 2, 1975, the stadium was renamed "Thống Nhất Stadium" ("Reunification Stadium") after a football match between Hải Quan F.C. and Ngân Hàng F.C. took place.  The stadium has been home to Hồ Chí Minh City F.C. (formerly known as Saigon Port F.C.) since the club's formation in 1975. Between 1995 and 2002, it was also the home ground to Hồ Chí Minh City Police F.C..  In 2002, renovation was done to prepare the stadium to host Group B men's football matches at the 2003 Southeast Asian Games. It was usually home to Vietnam national football team alongside Hàng Đẫy Stadium in Hanoi until 2003 when Mỹ Đình National Stadium was completed.  In 2016, Sài Gòn F.C. selected Thong Nhat as the home stadium for their first season in V.League 1.  Until 2017, the stadium has a capacity of 19,450 people. Since then, the stadium has been renovated in phases. In the first phase, the A1 and A2 sections of the main stand were repainted and a new 1500-lux floodlight system was installed in the last quarter of 2017. In 2018, the playing field was redone and more than 6,700 seats were added to the B, C and D stands. This reduced the capacity of the stadium to approximately 15,000 people. In 2019, existing seats in stand A will be replaced while new seats will be added to the east and west wing of the stand (A4 and A5).

Usage.

The stadium has hosted various domestic and international sporting and entertainment events throughout its history. Some of the most notable sporting events are listed below

Thống Nhất Stadium () is a multi-purpose stadium in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It is located at 138 Đào Duy Từ Street, Ward 6, District 10. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium for both Sài Gòn F.C. of V.League 1 and Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh of the V.League 1. The stadium has a capacity to seat 16,000 people.

Das Thống Nhất Stadium ist ein multifunktionelles Stadion in Ho-Chi-Minh-Stadt, Vietnam. Es wird hauptsächlich für Fußballspiele verwendet und ist das Heimstadion von Sài Gòn FC und Hồ Chí Minh City FC, die beide in der V.League 1 spielen. Das Stadion hat eine Kapazität von 25.000 Sitzplätzen. Die vietnamesische Fußballnationalmannschaft spielte im Zuge der Qualifikation zur Fußball-Asienmeisterschaft 2019 ein Qualifikationsspiel im Stadion gegen die Mannschaft aus Jordanien, das mit 0:0 endete.


Sport Club Corinthians Paulista (women's football)

History.

First spell.

The Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF) successfully encouraged Corinthians and its other leading clubs to form female teams after the national women's team's performance exceeded expectations at the 1996 Olympics. After an unassuming 11 years, Corinthians' women's team was scrapped ahead of the 2009 season. The unhappy players were threatening to sue the management, as the only player with a legitimate contract was Cristiane Rozeira, whose salary had been paid by a local hospital.

Corinthians/Audax era.

In 2015 Corinthians decided to return to women's football and agreed a partnership with Grêmio Osasco Audax Esporte Clube, whose women's section had debuted in the 2015 Campeonato Paulista. The collaboration was confirmed in early 2016. A draft in February 2016 assigned Brazil women's national football team players Letícia and Rafinha to the combined Corinthians Audax team, who went on to win the 2016 Copa do Brasil de Futebol Feminino.  Corinthians Audax won the 2017 Copa Libertadores Femenina by beating Colo-Colo of Chile on a penalty shootout. Shortly thereafter Corinthians announced that they were withdrawing from the agreement with Audax and would enter the Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol Feminino themselves. A change in CONMEBOL rules meant that from 2019 clubs wishing to participate in continental competitions had to run their own women's teams.

Second spell.

The sole Corinthians team won the 2018 Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol Feminino, beating Rio Preto Esporte Clube 5–0 on aggregate in the final.

Players.

Former players.

"For details of current and former players, see."

Sport Club Corinthians Paulista, commonly known as Corinthians, is a professional women's association football club based in São Paulo, Brazil. Founded in 1997, the team is affiliated with Federação Paulista de Futebol and play their home games at Estádio Parque São Jorge. The team colors, reflected in their logo and uniform, are white and black. They play in the top tier of women's football in Brazil, the Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol Feminino, and in the Campeonato Paulista de Futebol Feminino, the first division of the traditional in-state competition.

Die Frauenfußballabteilung des Sportvereins Corinthians São Paulo (offiziell: "Sport Club Corinthians Paulista") aus Brasilien existiert seit 1997 mit einer Unterbrechung von 2009 bis 2015.


History.

Charles II in Bruges.

Having been driven from Britain in 1651 by Oliver Cromwell, Charles initially sought refuge in Paris and the Cologne. However, when he attempted to reach Brussels he was barred by Philip IV of Spain who wanted to avoid a conflict with Cromwell. The two princes secretly agreed to join forces to regain the British throne for Charles and to allow Charles to settle anonymously in Bruges. During his stay in Bruges, Charles was an active member of the civil society of Bruges and became a member of the Saint Joris Guild, through which he made some strategic friendships. When Oliver Cromwell was succeeded by his son Richard, Charles went to Brussels (1659) in order to prepare his return to Britain. In June 1660 he officially regained the throne of England. In 1666 his earlier guide and friend in Bruges, the knight Arrazola de Oñate was named "exceptional" ambassador to Charles by the Spanish king Philip IV with the intention to negotiate a trade treaty. Although the treaty has been lost, the City of Bruges still possesses a charter granting privileges to the fishermen of Bruges to fish in English waters. The charter was never really tested until 1851 due to the numerous conflicts that affected Europe between its signing and the mid nineteenth century.

Conflicts.

19th century.

In 1849 Britain initiated the first negotiation with the newly founded Kingdom of Belgium about a fishing convention. The aim of Great Britain was to keep exclusive fishing rights for its fishermen up to 3 nautical miles from the coast. Belgium sent the ex-prime minister Sylvain Van de Weyer as special envoy to London with the aim of preserving the status quo. The strength of the Belgian case was reinforced by the head of the Bruges Chamber of Commerce (Mr Sinave) spoke of the existence of the Fisheries Privilege of 1666 in a letter to the Foreign Minister (Constant-Ernest d'Hoffschmidt). Initially the British government was unaware of the Charter.  The British foreign minister H.J. Temple implicitly recognized the existence of the charter in a letter to the Belgian ambassador.  The government of Belgium decided not to pursue the legal route and prioritized a fisheries convention covering all Belgian fishermen (rather than just the fishermen of Bruges). During the debate in the Belgian senate about the signature of the Convention between Great Britain and Belgium, relative to Fishery (22 March 1852), it was claimed that the treaty was without prejudice to the Fisheries Privilege of 1666;

20th century.

In 1963, the issue of the Charter of 1666 came to the fore once more when a certain Victor Depaepe wrote to the Belgian Prime Minister, the British Prime-Minister (Harold Macmillan) and the British Queen informing them that he wished to avail himself of the rights granted under the charter of 1666. He informed them that he intended to be arrested so that he could press his claim in the English courts. On 8 July his ship "'King Charles the Second" (Z.264) was accosted by the Royal Navy off the coast of Seaford (East Sussex) The case never came before the courts and according to papers released in 1993 under the 30 year rule it became clear that the British legal team advised the British agriculture minister to avoid a court case because they considered that the Charter was still legally enforceable.

The Fisheries privilege is a charter issued by Charles II granting eternal rights to 50 boats from Bruges to fish in British coastal waters. It was considered to be a demonstration of gratitude for his exile there from 1656 to 1659. The charter was forgotten for many years but has regained prominence on three occasions. The exact status in law of the agreement remains to this day open

Das Fischereiprivileg für Brügge gewährt der Stadt Brügge seit dem Jahr 1666 das Recht, mit 50 Booten in britischen Küstengewässern auf Fischfang zu gehen. Das Recht geht auf ein Privileg zurück, das der englische König Karl II. aus dem Hause Stuart der Stadt verliehen hatte. Karl II. lebte während seines Exils auf dem europäischen Kontinent von 1656 bis 1659 drei Jahre lang in Brügge, ehe er 1660 nach London zurückkehren konnte. Als Dank für die Gastfreundschaft erließ er 1666 das Fischereiprivileg, das bis heute nicht widerrufen wurde, obwohl seine Gültigkeit in verschiedenen Jahrhunderten mehrmals angezweifelt wurde, zuletzt in Zusammenhang mit dem Brexit, dem Austritt des Vereinigten Königreichs aus dem EU-Binnenmarkt im Jahr 2016.


East Timorese Dishes.

The food in East Timor is divided into two categories: vegetarian and non vegetarian. As agriculture is the main occupation in East Timor, the primary food is rice, which is cultivated widely in this country. Apart from rice, other staple food items that are cultivated in East Timor include sweet potatoes, maize, cassava, and taro. These primary staples are supplemented with beans, cabbage, spinach, onions and cowpeas.  The second category of food consists of poultry, pigs, and goats. Most homes in East Timor raise their own food animals for meat. Fish is also a source of animal protein in this country as fishing is also an important occupation after agriculture.

Hungry season.

East Timor's crops rely on the rains that come following the annual dry season. This leads to a period of poor food security coined the “Hungry Season” from November to February due to the unpredictable climate. Many households depend on their own production of food because of the erratic climate conditions, such as droughts.  Many families subsist on akar, which is a widely available food source for the poor. It is dried palm tree bark, beaten into a powder, mixed with water to form a jelly and then cooked over fire. This leads to cases where nearly 58% of children under the age of five suffer from chronic malnutrition.

Coffee.

The coffee of East Timor is organic and a major cash crop for the island nation. Coffee accounts for 90 percent of the country’s non-oil exports, while 46 percent of East Timorese households rely solely on coffee for their income.  The crop has grown in the country for centuries. It accounted for half of the country's trade when it was a Portuguese colony in the late 1800s, but during 24 years of Indonesian occupation the bumper business was neglected when the military took over – prices fluctuated and many coffee plantations were battlefields so the quality of beans worsened.  By the war’s end, agricultural experts estimated two generation’s worth of farming knowledge was lost and some plantations were abandoned. But because the trees got little attention the pesticide and fertiliser-free groves are popular for organic coffee lovers. Today, the coffee is known as the golden prince of East Timor agriculture - worth $10 million a year, 46,000 coffee farms employ one-fifth of East Timor’s population but it is a major battle to encourage farmers to improve the quality of East Timor’s agriculture.

The Cuisine of East Timor consists of regional popular foods such as pork, fish, basil, tamarind, legumes, corn, rice, root vegetables, and tropical fruit. East Timorese cuisine has influences from Southeast Asian foods and from Portuguese dishes from its colonisation by Portugal. Flavours and ingredients from other former Portuguese colonies can be found due to the presence of Portuguese soldiers from other colonies in East Timor.

Die Küche Osttimors bildet eine Mischung, die sowohl die geographische Lage des Landes am Rande Südostasiens zu Melanesien widerspiegelt als auch seine Vergangenheit mit seinen Einwanderern und Eroberern.


History.

The UBA was founded on 25 January 1947, when separate amateur radio organizations based in Flanders and Wallonia merged. The Réseau Belge (literally, "Belgian Network") was founded in September, 1923 in Brussels and drew its membership primarily from the French-speaking radio amateurs in Brussels and Wallonia. In February 1926, the Réseau Belge began publishing a membership magazine called "QSO". Flemish amateur radio operators were eager to see Dutch language articles in "QSO", but were unable to persuade the editor of Réseau Belge to publish them. With the support of the publisher of a small Dutch language magazine called "Radio", the Vlaamsche Radio Bond ("Flemish Radio Association") was founded in Ghent on September 22, 1929. The new organization established its own magazine called "CQ VRB". After World War II, the two organizations agreed to combine into a unified national radio society for Belgium.  On January 9, 2001, the Royal Union of Belgian Radio Amateurs was officially recognised as an amateur association by ministerial decree under legislation dealing with the establishment of amateur radio stations.

Services.

UBA supports amateur radio operators in Belgium by sponsoring amateur radio operating awards, radio contests, and Amateur Radio Direction Finding competitions. The UBA also operates a QSL bureau for those members who regularly communicate with amateur radio operators in other countries. UBA represents the interests of Belgian amateur radio operators and shortwave listeners before Belgian and international telecommunications regulatory authorities. The UBA also publishes a monthly membership magazine called "CQ QSO".

The Royal Union of Belgian Radio Amateurs (UBA) (in Dutch, Koninklijke Unie van de Belgische Zendamateurs, in French Union Royale Belge des Amateurs-Emetteurs, in German Königliche Union der Belgischen Funkamateure) is a national non-profit organization for amateur radio enthusiasts in Belgium. UBA is the national member society representing Belgium in the International Amateur Radio Union.

Die Union Royale Belge des Amateurs-Emetteurs (frz.), Koninklijke Unie van de Belgische Zendamateurs (ndl.) oder Königliche Union der Belgischen Funkamateure (dt.) (kurz: UBA) ist die nationale Vereinigung der Funkamateure in Belgien.


Premise.

Through interviews, news footage, and archival audio and video, "O.J.: Made in America" traces the life and career of O. J. Simpson, starting with his arrival at the University of Southern California as an emerging football superstar and ending with his incarceration in 2007 for robbery. Throughout the documentary, Simpson's life – the football success, television career, relationship with Nicole Brown, the domestic abuse, Nicole and Ron Goldman's murder, the trial – runs parallel to the larger narrative of the city of Los Angeles, which serves as host to mounting racial tensions, and a volatile relationship between the city's police department and the African American community. Footage from the Watts Riots was used as well as the entire Rodney King video, which most news outlets and documentaries only use in parts. Both of these events are used to set up and explain what happened during the Simpson murder trial.  Television critic James Poniewozik described the director's technique in his "New York Times" review: "Ezra Edelman pulls back, way back, like a news chopper over a freeway chase. Before you hear about the trial, the documentary says, you need to hear all the stories – the stories of race, celebrity, sports, America – that it's a part of."

Production.

Development of a documentary based on Simpson for ESPN Films began in 2007, eventually leading to the hiring of Brett Morgen to create the film, "June 17th, 1994", also part of the "30 for 30" series. Released in June 2010, "June 17th, 1994" used solely archive footage from several sporting events that occurred on June 17, 1994, to chronicle the events of the police chase of O. J. Simpson. ESPN Films executive producer Connor Schell said, "If you are going to do O. J. Simpson, you are going to cover June 1994 to Oct. 1995 – it is unavoidable. But if you are interested in things that came before it and after it, then it has to be longer than the traditional two-hour form." This led to a meeting between Schell and director Ezra Edelman in February 2014, where Schell expressed interest in creating a five-hour documentary on Simpson. Edelman initially declined, as he felt "there was nothing left to say about him". Edelman eventually agreed to the project, realizing that Simpson's trial did not have to be the focus, or if he was innocent or guilty, rather, Edelman "could use that canvas to tell a deeper story about race in America, about the city of Los Angeles, the relationship between the black community and the police, and who O. J. was and his rise to celebrity. That's the story I wanted to tell."  Throughout the 18-month process from conception to completion, Edelman conducted 72 interviews for the documentary, "including key players from the prosecution (Marcia Clark, Gil Garcetti and Bill Hodgman), Simpson's defense team (F. Lee Bailey, Carl E. Douglas and Barry Scheck), childhood friends of Simpson (Joe Bell and Jim Brown), jurors from the criminal trial (Carrie Bess and Yolanda Crawford), former LAPD detectives involved in the case (Mark Fuhrman and Tom Lange) and African-American civil rights activists (Danny Bakewell and Cecil Murray)", and people who could speak on behalf of Ron Goldman (Fred Goldman) and Nicole Brown Simpson (Tanya Brown, David LeBon and Keith Zlomsowitch). Edelman also reached out to Simpson through a letter, which was never answered; he had also hoped to include Simpson's first wife, Marguerite, who could not be contacted, and former L.A. County district attorney Christopher Darden, who declined participation. Despite envisioning the project as a five-hour documentary, the final film was screened to ESPN Films executives at 7.5 hours in length, to which Schell said they would figure out the programming end, as they were "going to give Ezra the time he needs to tell this story". The initial plan was to break the film into three parts – "everything leading up to the murder and then the trial and then everything after the trial" – before a five-part format was settled on. In January 2016, ESPN Films announced "O.J.: Made in America" for part of their "30 for 30" series.

Release.

"O.J.: Made in America" premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 22, 2016, with one intermission, and was also screened at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 23, 2016, and the Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival in Toronto on April 29 and 30. The documentary had a theatrical run with two intermissions at Cinema Village in New York City and the Laemmle Theatre in Santa Monica, California from May 20–26, 2016. The first part debuted on television on June 11, 2016 on ABC, followed by parts two through five airing on ESPN on June 14, 15, 17 and 18, respectively. The entire documentary was made available on WatchESPN on June 14, 2016, after the airing of the second part. In subsequent airings of the fourth part, graphic crime scene photos were blurred by ESPN, to allow the re-airings to occur "at various times." The images were not blurred in the original airing or in the version available "on demand to viewers online or via cable VOD services."

Reception.

On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 100%, based on 53 reviews, with an average rating of 9.27/10. The site's critical consensus reads, ""O.J.; Made in America" paints a balanced and thorough portrait of the American dream juxtaposed with tragedy and executed with power and skill." On Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating to reviews, the film has a score of 96 out of 100, based on 21 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".  Kenneth Turan and Mary McNamara of the "Los Angeles Times" both praised "O.J.: Made in America", with Turan stating, the film "is an exceptional 7 1/2-hour documentary, so perceptive, empathetic and compelling you want it never to end", with McNamara adding, "Historically meticulous, thematically compelling and deeply human, "O.J.: Made in America" is a masterwork of scholarship, journalism and cinematic art." "Sports Illustrated"s Richard Deitsch called the film "the best "30 for 30" documentary [ESPN] has ever produced. It is thrilling and uncompromising filmmaking... and it will make you look at the most famous murder case in United States history with fresh eyes and under a larger prism." Brian Tallerico, writing for RogerEbert.com, awarded the film four stars out of four, stating, "Even in this era of 'Peak TV', it's rare to see something as essential and momentous as ESPN's "OJ: Made in America"... Ezra Edelman's stunningly ambitious, eight-hour documentary is a masterpiece, a refined piece of investigative journalism that places the subject it illuminates into the broader context of the end of the 20th century... I would have watched it for another eight hours... It's that good."  Daniel Feinberg of "The Hollywood Reporter" said, ""O.J.: Made in America" is a provocative, intelligent and thorough documentary that tears along at an impressive clip given its length, with tragedy around every corner. The first miniseries to air under the ESPN Films and "30 for 30" banners, it also instantly takes its place among the banner's best efforts", while Hank Stuever for "The Washington Post" called it "nothing short of a towering achievement". "Variety"s Brian Lowry added, "even in the annals of ESPN's "30 for 30" docs, [Ezra Edelman has created] what feels like a master opus – one that deals with the nexus of race, celebrity and sports, and the strange juxtaposition of a figure who prided himself on transcending color, yet ultimately relied upon it when charged with the murder of his ex-wife, Nicole, and Ronald Goldman."  A. O. Scott of "The New York Times" felt the film "has the grandeur and authority of the best long-form nonfiction. If it were a book, it could sit on the shelf alongside "The Executioner's Song" by Norman Mailer and the great biographical works of Robert Caro. It's very much a film, though, a feat of tireless research, dogged interviewing and skillful editing." However, Scott felt a "significant blind spot" for the film was its "predominance of male voices among the interview subjects, and the narrowness of the film's discussion of domestic violence... [T]he film, which so persuasively treats law enforcement racism as a systemic problem, can't figure out how to treat violence against women with the same kind of rigor or nuance", adding that "O. J. Simpson is viewed as a symbol" while "Nicole Brown Simpson's fate, in contrast, is treated as an individual tragedy, and there seems to be no political vocabulary available to the filmmakers to understand what happened to her. The deep links between misogyny and American sports culture remain unexamined."

O.J.: Made in America is a 2016 American documentary, produced and directed by Ezra Edelman for ESPN Films and their "30 for 30" series. It was released as a five-part miniseries and in theatrical format. The documentary explores race and celebrity through the life of O. J. Simpson, from his emerging football career at the University of Southern California, and his celebrity and popularity within American culture, to his trial for the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Lyle Goldman, and subsequent acquittal, and how he was convicted and imprisoned for the Las Vegas robbery 13 years later. "O.J.: Made in America" premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 22, 2016, and was theatrically released in New York City and Los Angeles in May 2016. It debuted on ABC on June 11, 2016, and aired on ESPN.

O. J. Simpson: Made in America (Originaltitel: "O. J.: Made in America") ist ein 5-teiliger US-amerikanischer Dokumentarfilm des Regisseurs Ezra Edelman von 2016. Er erzählt die Lebensgeschichte des Sportlers und Schauspielers O. J. Simpson und schildert dabei vor allem das Gerichtsverfahren wegen Doppelmordes gegen ihn. Edelman verknüpft damit Betrachtungen über Rassismus in den Vereinigten Staaten. Der Film wurde bei der Oscarverleihung 2017 mit einem Oscar in der Kategorie Bester Dokumentarfilm ausgezeichnet und mit zahlreichen weiteren Preisen bedacht. Mit einer Gesamtlaufzeit von 467 Minuten ist er der längste je mit einem Oscar prämierte Film.


Career.

After receiving his undergraduate degree from MIT in 1987, Monroe joined Carl Wieman's research group at the University of Colorado in the early days of laser cooling and trapping of atoms. With Wieman and postdoctoral researcher Eric Cornell, Monroe contributed to the path for cooling a gas of atoms to the Bose-Einstein condensation phase transition. He obtained his PhD under Wieman in 1992 (Wieman and Cornell succeeded in the quest in 1995, and were awarded the Nobel Prize for this work in 2001).  From 1992-2000, Monroe worked in the Ion Storage Group of David Wineland at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Boulder, CO, where he was awarded a National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship from 1992-1994, and held a staff position in the same group from 1994-2000. With Wineland, Monroe led the research team that demonstrated the first quantum logic gate in 1995 and for the first time entangled multiple qubits, and exploited the use of trapped atomic ions for applications in quantum control and the new field of quantum information science (Wineland received the Nobel Prize in 2012 based on this work).  In 2000, Monroe initiated a research group at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, where he showed how qubit memories could be linked to single photons for quantum networking. There he also demonstrated the first ion trap integrated on a semiconductor chip. With Wineland, Monroe proposed a scalable quantum computer architecture based on shuttling atomic ions through complex ion trap chips. In 2006, Monroe became Director of the FOCUS Center at the University of Michigan, a NSF Physics Frontier Center in the area of ultrafast optical science.  In 2007, Monroe became the Bice Zorn Professor of Physics at the University of Maryland and a Fellow of the Joint Quantum Institute between the University of Maryland and NIST. There, Monroe's group produced quantum entanglement between two widely separated atoms, and were the first to teleport quantum information between matter separated over distance. They exploited this resource for a number of quantum communication protocols and for a new hybrid memory/photon quantum computer architecture. In recent years, his group pioneered the use of individual atoms as a quantum simulator, or a special purpose quantum computer that can probe complex many-body quantum phenomena such as frustration and magnetic ordering. His laboratory controls and manipulates the largest collection of individual interacting qubits.  In 2015, Monroe co-founded the startup IonQ, Inc., and serves as Chief Scientist. From Aug 2018 to May 2019 he served as CEO. IonQ manufactures full stack quantum computers based on trapped atomic ion technology.  In 2016 he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences.

Christopher Roy Monroe (born October 19, 1965) is an American physicist, an experimentalist in the areas of atomic, molecular, and optical physics and quantum information science. He directs one of the leading research efforts in ion traps and quantum optics. Monroe is the Bice Zorn Professor and a Distinguished Professor of Physics at the University of Maryland and Fellow of the Joint Quantum Institute.

Christopher R. Monroe (* 19. Oktober 1965 in Southfield) ist ein US-amerikanischer Experimentalphysiker (Laserphysik, Atomphysik, Quanteninformationstheorie). Monroe studierte am Massachusetts Institute of Technology mit dem Bachelor-Abschluss 1987 und wurde 1992 bei Carl Wieman an der University of Colorado promoviert. Er war an einigen der frühen Experimenten von Wieman und Eric Cornell zur Laserkühlung beteiligt, die schließlich zur Herstellung von Bose-Einstein-Kondensaten (1995) führten, was diesen den Nobelpreis einbrachte. Ab 1992 war er Post-Doktorand und dann angestelltes Mitglied des National Institute of Standards and Technology. Zunächst war er in der Gruppe von David Wineland, die 1995 Quanten-Logikgatter demonstrierte und Ionenfallen für die Verwendung in der Quanteninformationstheorie untersuchte mit der Demonstration der Verschränkung mehrerer Ionen (teilweise dafür erhielt Wineland 2012 den Nobelpreis).


Planning.

Starting in 2009, the City of Frankfurt am Main, in close cooperation with the European Central Bank (ECB) and the Jewish community of Frankfurt, planned a memorial at the Frankfurt Grossmarkthalle. This site was to commemorate the organized murder of the Jews as a result of the National Socialist extermination policy and inform the public about this atrocity. According to the invitation to tender, the spatial relation to the historical location of the event needed to be maintained and public space had to be included. 139 architects, landscape architects, urban planners, artists and students took part in an open international competition for the design of the memorial. In July 2009, a jury chaired by the Frankfurt architect, Nikolaus Hirsch, selected twenty designs from the first competition phase for an in-depth examination. The jury met again at the end of May 2010. After further revisions of the designs in small groups, Tobias Katz and Marcus Kaiser won the competition in 2011.  It took another four years before the memorial was opened. On 22 November 2015, the City of Frankfurt am Main handed over the memorial to the public. The Jewish Museum Frankfurt worked on a scholarly reappraisal of the history of the deportations, made accessible to the public in a new permanent exhibition starting in 2019.

Layout.

The memorial was designed by the architect office KatzKaiser from Cologne and Darmstadt. The concept relies on the unobtrusiveness of its elements: selected quotations from murdered Frankfurt citizens, from survivors of the Holocaust and from observers of mass deportations. It is based on the preserving the surviving fragments from the time of the deportations (cellar, ramp space, signal box, footbridge, tracks) in their found state and linking them with each other via new components, such as a concrete path. A ramp structure provides the connection to the basement of the Grossmarkthalle, which today lies on the extraterritorial site of the European Central Bank. In this location, the Jewish women, men and children were detained, mistreated and robbed of their last belongings, before being forcibly deported by trains of the Deutsche Reichsbahn.  The traditions of these events are permanently inscribed as quotations on the floor and walls, in the basement of the former Grossmarkthalle and in the outside areas of the European Central Bank. For visitors to the ECB and the adjacent, publicly accessible area to the east, the quotations not only topographically mark the site of the mass crime as "inscriptions" on paths and walls, but in their arrangement follow the chronological sequence of a deportation: from the invitation to arrive at the collection point, to the departure of the trains to the collection camps in the east. Between which there were often only two to three days of immeasurable suffering for the people affected. However, the literal evidence also addresses indirect events and emotions, such as suicides in the temporal context of the deportations, reactions of the urban population or the reflection of crime in Frankfurt.  Quotes from perpetrators were not included. Rather, the need and hopelessness of those who became victims of National Socialist racial ideology should be expressed in the authentic place of the crime. According to those responsible, statements by perpetrators in their raw bureaucratic language and mostly without any empathy would have once again mocked the suffering of more than 10,000 people today.  Finally, contemporary and more recent quotations were selected to depict the deportations from Frankfurt. Which also include the reflexive observation of survivors of events at and in the Grossmarkthalle. Some of these quotations have been handed down in English; they refer to the exile or later emigration of survivors from post-war Germany.

History.

From 1941 the Secret State Police rented the eastern cellar area of the Grossmarkthalle as a meeting place for the mass deportations. The choice fell on this place because of its close proximity to the city centre and its convenient location on the harbour railway. The cellar offered shelter from curious glances at what was going on and provided makeshift space for hundreds of people to be deported. From there they were driven to the Grossmarkthalle railway station next to the hall, where the trains of the Deutsche Reichsbahn were ready for the transports. In addition, daily market operations continued unabated, although the brutal events did not remain hidden from the employees there. The stories of most people deported from Frankfurt can be researched via the database of the Neuer Börneplatz Memorial. It is available to the public in the Museum Judengasse. In total, the data of 12,820 murdered Jews from Frankfurt are known, of which 10,231 were deported by rail.

Location.

The memorial site has a publicly accessible area along today's railway embankment on the Philipp-Holzmann-Weg between Sonnemannstraße and Mainufer. The part of the memorial on the premises of the European Central Bank is only accessible on guided tours. These are organized by the Jewish Museum of the City of Frankfurt am Main, which is responsible for the entire pedagogical supervision of the memorial.

The Memorial at the Frankfurt Grossmarkthalle (German: Erinnerungsstätte an der Frankfurter Großmarkthalle) commemorates the deportation of Jews from Frankfurt am Main in Nazi Germany during the Holocaust. From 1941 to 1945, the Gestapo used the cellar of the Grossmarkthalle as a gathering place for the deportation of Jews from the city and the Rhine-Main area. During ten mass deportations between October 1941 and September 1942 alone, about 10,050 people were deported from the Großmarkthalle railway station in freight trains to ghettos, concentration and extermination camps and subsequently murdered. As far as is known, only 179 deportees survived the Second World War.

Die Erinnerungsstätte an der Frankfurter Großmarkthalle erinnert an die Deportation von Juden aus Frankfurt am Main während der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus. Von 1941 bis 1945 benutzte die Geheime Staatspolizei den Keller der Großmarkthalle als Sammelplatz für die Deportation von Juden aus der Stadt und dem Rhein-Main-Gebiet. Etwa 10.050 Menschen wurden allein bei zehn Massendeportationen von Oktober 1941 bis September 1942 vom Bahnhof Großmarkthalle mit Güterzügen in Ghettos, Konzentrations- und Vernichtungslager deportiert und in der Folge ermordet. Nach heutigem Wissen überlebten nur 179 Deportierte den Zweiten Weltkrieg bis zur Befreiung vom Nationalsozialismus.