premise: The big black dog is jumping up in the air to catch a ball. hypothesis: a big black dog catching a ball that is thrown.
entailment: For the dog to be catching the ball (as opposed to picking it up or fetching it), the ball has to be in flight.  Since the dog has to jump up in the air to catch the ball, we can assume that the ball is at a height considerably greater than the height of the dog's mouth (the thing a dog uses to catch things); the most likely reason for a ball to be flying through the air at this height is that it was thrown.