thumb|right|150px|பல சமயங்களின் சின்னங்கள்
சமயம் அல்லது மதம் என்பது கடவுள் நம்பிக்கையின் அடிப்படையிலான கோட்பாட்டமைப்புகளில் ஒன்று ஆகும். ஒரு கடவுள் அல்லது கடவுள்கள் மீதான நம்பிக்கையும் அது தொடர்பான செயற்பாடுகளும், சமயச் சடங்குகளும் மதம் குறிக்கிறது.

சமயம் அல்லது மதம் - மனிதன் கடவுள் நிலையை அடைவதற்கான வழியினை வாழ்ந்துகாட்டினார்கள் (இறைவன், ஆண்டவன், யோகிகள், ஞானிகள், மகான்கள்). இவர்களை பின்பற்றி வாழ்ந்த மக்கள் காலம் செல்ல செல்ல அவர்கள் கூறியதை "அனைவரும் ஒன்றே" என்பதை மறந்து மற்றவர்களிலிருந்து தங்களை வேறுபடுத்திக்காட்டப் பயன்படுத்த ஆரம்பித்தனர்.

 இந்துக்களின் தொகை

  81.3%
  80.5%Census of India, 2001
  54%Dostert, Pierre Etienne. Africa 1997 (The World Today Series). Harpers Ferry, West Virginia: Stryker-Post Publications (1997), pg. 162.
  33.7%
  28%
  25%Bhutan
  20%Suriname
  18.2%
  15%
  12.6%Census of Population and Housing 2011
  12%Kuwait
  9.6%
  8.1%
  6.7%
  6.3%
  5.1%
  3%Hinduism by country
  2.1%
  1.8%Hinduism in Pakistan
  1.69%Indonesia 2011 Census

 கிறித்தவர்களின் தொகை
  100%
  100% (100% ஏழாம் நாள் வருகை சபை)
  ~99%Catholic Church in Samoa
  99%
  98.3%American Samoa: Adherents Profile at the Association of Religion Data Archives
  98.1% (பெரும்பாலும் ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்கம்)
  98% (96% ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்கம்)
  98%  (95% கிரேக ஒர்தோடக்ஸ்)
  97.2%Marshall Islands
  97.2% 2006 Tonga Census
  97% (~97% ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்கம்)
  96.9% (பெரும்பாலும் ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்கம்)
  96.5%Peru (பெரும்பாலும் ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்கம்)
  96.4%El Salvador adherents, 2010
  96%Kiribati
  ~96%Micronesia, Federated States of
  95.1%Barbados
  94.8%Papua New Guinea adherents, 2010
  94.2%http://w
ww.state.gr
  93.5%Armenia adherents, 2010 (பெரும்பாலும் ஆர்மீனிய திருத்தூதர் திருச்சபை)
  93%Philippines still top Christian country in Asia, 5th in world | Inquirer Global Nation

 முஸ்லிம்களின் தொகை
  100 % (90–95% சுன்னி இசுலாம், 5–10% சியா இசுலாம்)
  100% (பெரும்பாலும் சுன்னி இசுலாம்)
  100% (பெரும்பாலும் சுன்னி இசுலாம்)
  99.8% (பெரும்பாலும் சுன்னி இசுலாம்)
  99.8% (பெரும்பாலும் சுன்னி இசுலாம்)http://www.csbsju.edu/Documents/Peace%20Studies/pdf/New_Beginnings_Bilow_Cusub.pdf
  ~99% (பெரும்பாலும் சுன்னி இசுலாம், 20% சியா இசுலாம்)
  99.1% (99.9%) (65–70% சுன்னி இசுலாம், 30–35% சியா இசுலாம்)
  98.7% (பெரும்பாலும் சுன்னி இசுலாம்)
  98.3% (பெரும்பாலும் சுன்னி இசுலாம்)
  98% (பெரும்பாலும் சியா இசுலாம்)
  98% (பெரும்பாலும் சுன்னி இசுலாம்)
  98% (பெரும்பாலும் சுன்னி இசுலாம்)
  97% (பெரும்பாலும் சுன்னி இசுலாம்)
  96.6% (99%) (சுன்னி இசுலாம்)
  96.4% (85–90% சுன்னி இசுலாம், 10–15% சியா இசுலாம்)
  95% (60–65% சியா இசுலாம், 33–40% சுன்னி இசுலாம்)
  94% (பெரும்பாலும் சுன்னி இசுலாம்)
  93% (பெரும்பாலும் சுன்னி இசுலாம்)
  89.4% (சுன்னி இஸ்லாம்)
  89.3% (சுன்னி இஸ்லாம்)Egypt adherents, 2010

 பௌத்தர்களின் தொகை

  97% (தேரவாதம் – 93%)
  96% (மகாயானம் – 36%)
  95% (தேரவாதம் – 93%)
  93% (மகாயானம் – 35%)
  93% (வஜ்ரயானம் – 53%)
  90% (தேரவாதம் – 80%)
  90% (மகாயானம் – 15%)
  84% (வஜ்ரயானம் – 75%)
  80% (மகாயானம் – 17%)
  75% (மகாயானம் – 10%)
  75% (மகாயானம் – 36%)
  70% (தேரவாதம் – 69%)
  67% (தேரவாதம் – 65%)
  51% (மகாயானம் – 33%)
  50% (மகாயானம் – 20%)
  50% (மகாயானம் – 23%)
  21% (மகாயானம் – 18%)
  17% (மகாயானம் – 9%)
  16% (மகாயானம் – 10%)
  14% (மகாயானம் – 2%)

+ முதன்மையான 20 பௌத்த நாடுகள்/நிலப்பகுதிகள் (மக்கள்தொகையின் அடிப்படையில்) வரிசை நாடு பௌத்த சமய மரபினர் நாடு பண்பாட்டு வழியில் பௌத்த சமயத்தினர் 1  269,917,168  674,792,919 2  62,726,752  122,162,952 3  45,811,107  69,358,393 4  பர்மா/மைனமார்  44,133,864  64,075,714 5  15,172,954  பர்மா/மைனமார்  49,650,597 6  14,141,151  36,624,011 7  11,259,697  24,477,602 8  9,766,403  21,668,736 9  9,247,786  15,172,954 10  8,154,901  14,749,373 11  5,333,111  6,464,452 12  3,347,329  6,333,371 13  2,216,680  6,221,962 14  1,808,353  4,485,761 15  1,801,900  4,269,722 16  1,710,053  3,411,416 17  1,077,409  3,347,329 18  1,000,000  3,000,660 19  818,274  2,784,754 20  791,419  2,000,000

சமயத்தில் உள்ள பிரிவுகள்
 ஆபிரகாமிய சமயங்கள்
  யூதம்
 கிறிஸ்தவம்
 இஸ்லாம்
 கிறிஸ்லாம்
 தர்ம சமயங்கள்
 இந்து சமயம்
பௌத்தம்
 சமணம்
 ஆசீவகம்
 சீக்கியம்
 டாவோயிசம்
 கன்பூசியம்
 சொராட்டிரியம்
 இந்து சமயத்தின் உட்பிரிவுகள்
 சைவம்
 வைணவம்
 சாக்தம்
 சௌரம்
 கௌமாரம்
 காணாபத்தியம்

கிறித்துவ சமயத்தின் உட்பிரிவுகள்
 கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை
 புரடஸ்தாந்தம்
 பெந்தேகோஸ்து
 கிழக்கு மரபுவழி திருச்சபை
 ராஸ்தஃபாரை

இசுலாமிய சமயத்தின் உட்பிரிவுகள்
 சுன்னி இசுலாம்
 சியா இசுலாம்
 சூபியிசம்
 பஹாய்
 அகமதியா

 இவற்றையும் பார்க்க
 தமிழர் சமயம்

வெளி இணைப்புகள்
 மக்கள் மதங்களை பின்பற்ற காரணம் என்ன?

 மேற்கோள்கள்

பகுப்பு:சமயம்
பகுப்பு:பண்பாடு

Relationships of many equations equation or moon is one of the concepts based on the faith of God. A faith in a god or gods refers to the actions related to it, equation and moon.

நம்பிக்கையின்

அடிப்படையிலான

கோட்பாட்டமைப்புகளில்

நம்பிக்கையும்

செயற்பாடுகளும்

religion
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- Related Topics:
- Christianity Judaism Hinduism Buddhism Islam
religion, human beings’ relation to that which they regard as holy, sacred, absolute, spiritual, divine, or worthy of especial reverence. It is also commonly regarded as consisting of the way people deal with ultimate concerns about their lives and their fate after death. In many traditions, this relation and these concerns are expressed in terms of one’s relationship with or attitude toward gods or spirits; in more humanistic or naturalistic forms of religion, they are expressed in terms of one’s relationship with or attitudes toward the broader human community or the natural world. In many religions, texts are deemed to have scriptural status, and people are esteemed to be invested with spiritual or moral authority. Believers and worshippers participate in and are often enjoined to perform devotional or contemplative practices such as prayer, meditation, or particular rituals. Worship, moral conduct, right belief, and participation in religious institutions are among the constituent elements of the religious life.
The subject of religion is discussed in a number of articles. For treatment of major and historical religious traditions, see African religion; Anatolian religion; ancient Iranian religion; Arabian religion; Baltic religion; Buddhism; Calvinism; Celtic religion; Christianity; Confucianism; Daoism; Eastern Orthodoxy; Eastern rite church; Egyptian religion; Finno-Ugric religion; Germanic religion and mythology; Greek religion; Hellenistic religion; Hinduism; Islam; Jainism; Judaism; Mesopotamian religion; Middle Eastern religion; Mormon; mystery religion; Native American religions; Neo-Paganism; new religious movement; Old Catholic church; Orphic religion; prehistoric religion; Protestantism; Protestant Heritage, The; Roman Catholicism; Roman religion; Shintō; Sikhism; Slavic religion; Syrian and Palestinian religion; Vedic religion; Wicca; Zoroastrianism. For discussion of perspectives on the existence or role within human life of a supreme God or gods, see agnosticism; atheism; humanism; monotheism; pantheism; polytheism; theism. For cross-cultural discussion of religious beliefs, phenomena, and practices, see angel and demon; ceremonial object; covenant; creed; dietary law; doctrine and dogma; dualism, religious; eschatology; ethics; evil, problem of; feast; Five Ways, the; heaven; hell; Last Judgment; meditation; millennialism; miracle; monasticism; Moon worship; mysticism; myth; nature worship; prayer; priest; priesthood; prophecy; Providence; purgatory; purification rite; reincarnation; religious dress; religious symbolism and iconography; rite of passage; ritual; sacrament; sacrifice; sacred; sacred kingship; saint; salvation; scripture; shamanism; sin; soul; Sun worship; theology; worship. For a review of the efforts to systematically study the nature and classify the forms of religious behaviour, experience, and phenomena, see religion, phenomenology of; religion, philosophy of; religion, study of; religions, classification of; religious experience.

Question: equation and moon are based on the faith of

equation and moon are based on the faith of

Question: what is the basis of equations equation or moon

கடவுள் நம்பிக்கையின்

what is the basis of equations equation or moon

Question: what is another name for equation or moon

what is another name for equation or moon

Question: what is the basis of equation and moon

கடவுள் நம்பிக்கையின்

Question: what are the two concepts of faith in god

what are the two concepts of faith in god

Question: what is the meaning of faith in equation and moon

ஒரு கடவுள் அல்லது கடவுள்கள் மீதான நம்பிக்கையும்

Question: what is the meaning of faith in god

அது தொடர்பான செயற்பாடுகளும்

Question: what is the meaning of moon in math

"பல சமயங்களின் சின்னங்கள்

Relationships of many equations equation or moon is one of the concepts based on the faith of God . A faith in a god or gods refers to the actions related to it , equation and moon .

Africa 1997 (The World Today Series).

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Introduction :: NEPAL
-
In 1951, the Nepali monarch ended the century-old system of rule by hereditary premiers and instituted a cabinet system that brought political parties into the government. That arrangement lasted until 1960, when political parties were again banned, but was reinstated in 1990 with the establishment of a multiparty democracy within the framework of a constitutional monarchy. An insurgency led by Maoists broke out in 1996. The ensuing 10-year civil war between Maoist and government forces witnessed the dissolution of the cabinet and parliament and the re-assumption of absolute power by the king in 2002. Several weeks of mass protests in April 2006 were followed by several months of peace negotiations between the Maoists and government officials, and culminated in a late 2006 peace accord and the 2007 promulgation of an interim constitution. Following a nationwide Constituent Assembly (CA) election in 2008, the newly formed CA declared Nepal a federal democratic republic, abolished the monarchy, and elected the country's first president. After the CA failed to draft a constitution by a May 2012 deadline set by the Supreme Court, then-Prime Minister Baburam BHATTARAI dissolved the CA. Months of negotiations ensued until March 2013 when the major political parties agreed to create an interim government headed by then-Chief Justice Khil Raj REGMI with a mandate to hold elections for a new CA. Elections were held in November 2013, in which the Nepali Congress won the largest share of seats in the CA and in February 2014 formed a coalition government with the second place Communist Party of Nepal-Unified Marxist-Leninist and with Nepali Congress President Sushil KOIRALA as prime minister. The new government failed to meet its January 2015 deadline for a new constitution primarily due to continuing disagreement over federal restructuring.
Geography :: NEPAL
-
Southern Asia, between China and India
28 00 N, 84 00 E
Asia
country comparison to the world: 94
slightly larger than Arkansas
border countries (2): China 1,389 km, India 1,770 km
0 km (landlocked)
none (landlocked)
varies from cool summers and severe winters in north to subtropical summers and mild winters in south
Tarai or flat river plain of the Ganges in south; central hill region with rugged Himalayas in north
lowest point: Kanchan Kalan 70 m
highest point: Mount Everest 8,850 m (highest peak in Asia and highest point on earth above sea level)
quartz, water, timber, hydropower, scenic beauty, small deposits of lignite, copper, cobalt, iron ore
arable land 15.1%; permanent crops 1.2%; permanent pasture 12.5%
11,680 sq km (2003)
210.2 cu km (2011)
total: 9.5 cu km/yr (2%/0%/98%)
per capita: 334.7 cu m/yr (2006)
severe thunderstorms; flooding; landslides; drought and famine depending on the timing, intensity, and duration of the summer monsoons
deforestation (overuse of wood for fuel and lack of alternatives); contaminated water (with human and animal wastes, agricultural runoff, and industrial effluents); wildlife conservation; vehicular emissions
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
landlocked; strategic location between China and India; contains eight of world's 10 highest peaks, including Mount Everest and Kanchenjunga - the world's tallest and third tallest mountains - on the borders with China and India respectively
People and Society :: NEPAL
-
noun: Nepali (singular and plural)
Chhettri 16.6%, Brahman-Hill 12.2%, Magar 7.1%, Tharu 6.6%, Tamang 5.8%, Newar 5%, Kami 4.8%, Muslim 4.4%, Yadav 4%, Rai 2.3%, Gurung 2%, Damai/Dholii 1.8%, Thakuri 1.6%, Limbu 1.5%, Sarki 1.4%, Teli 1.4%, Chamar/Harijan/Ram 1.3%, Koiri/Kushwaha 1.2%, other 19%
note: 125 caste/ethnic groups were reported in the 2011 national census (2011 est.)
Nepali (official) 44.6%, Maithali 11.7%, Bhojpuri 6%, Tharu 5.8%, Tamang 5.1%, Newar 3.2%, Magar 3%, Bajjika 3%, Urdu 2.6%, Avadhi 1.9%, Limbu 1.3%, Gurung 1.2%, other 10.4%, unspecified 0.2%
note: 123 languages reported as mother tongue in 2011 national census; many in government and business also speak English (2011 est.)
Hindu 81.3%, Buddhist 9%, Muslim 4.4%, Kirant 3.1%, Christian 1.4%, other 0.5%, unspecifed 0.2% (2011 est.)
31,551,305 (July 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 42
0-14 years: 30.72% (male 4,937,627/female 4,755,972)
15-24 years: 22.51% (male 3,580,083/female 3,522,047)
25-54 years: 36.5% (male 5,552,621/female 5,964,599)
55-64 years: 5.67% (male 874,350/female 913,683)
65 years and over: 4.6% (male 668,760/female 781,563) (2015 est.)
population pyramid:
total dependency ratio: 61.8%
youth dependency ratio: 52.9%
elderly dependency ratio: 9%
potential support ratio: 11.1% (2015 est.)
female: 24 years (2015 est.)
1.79% (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 64
20.64 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 80
6.56 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 146
3.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 33
urban population: 18.6% of total population (2015)
rate of urbanization: 3.18% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
KATHMANDU (capital) 1.183 million (2015)
at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.93 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2015 est.)
total: 39.14 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 39.24 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 39.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 52
total population: 67.52 years
female: 68.92 years (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 166
2.24 children born/woman (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 96
49.7% (2011)
6% of GDP (2013)
country comparison to the world: 125
5 beds/1,000 population (2006)
urban: 90.9% of population
rural: 91.8% of population
total: 91.6% of population
urban: 9.1% of population
rural: 8.2% of population
total: 8.4% of population (2015 est.)
urban: 56% of population
rural: 43.5% of population
total: 45.8% of population
urban: 44% of population
rural: 56.5% of population
total: 54.2% of population (2015 est.)
0.2% (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 97
38,800 (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 63
2,600 (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 50
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease: Japanese encephalitis, malaria, and dengue fever (2013)
2.9% (2014)
country comparison to the world: 189
29.1% (2011)
country comparison to the world: 17
4.7% of GDP (2010)
country comparison to the world: 87
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
female: 53.1% (2015 est.)
percentage: 34% (2008 est.)
Government :: NEPAL
-
conventional long form: Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
conventional short form: Nepal
local long form: Sanghiya Loktantrik Ganatantra Nepal
federal democratic republic
geographic coordinates: 27 43 N, 85 19 E
time difference: UTC+5.75 (10.75 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
14 zones (anchal, singular and plural); Bagmati, Bheri, Dhawalagiri, Gandaki, Janakpur, Karnali, Kosi, Lumbini, Mahakali, Mechi, Narayani, Rapti, Sagarmatha, Seti
1768 (unified by Prithvi Narayan SHAH)
Republic Day, 28 May (2008), the abdication of Gyanendra SHAH, last Nepalese monarch, and the establishment of a federal republic
several previous; latest approved by the Constituent Assembly 16 September 2015, entered into force 20 September 2015 (2015)
English common law and Hindu legal concepts
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
18 years of age; universal
chief of state: President Ram Baran YADAV (since 23 July 2008); Vice President Paramananda JHA (since 23 July 2008)
head of government: Prime Minister Sushil KOIRALA (since 11 February 2014)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister; cabinet dominated by the Nepali Congress and the Communist Party of Nepal-United Marxist-Leninist
elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by the Constituency Assembly; term extends until the new constitution is promulgated; president elected on 21 July 2008 (next election NA); prime minister indirectly elected by the Constituent Assembly
election results: Ram Baran YADAV elected president; Constituent Assembly vote count in second round - Ram Baran YADAV (Nepali Congress) 308, Ram Jaja Prasad SINGH (UCPN(M)) 282
description: unicameral Constituent Assembly or Sambidhan Sabha (601 seats; 240 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 335 directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation (PR) vote and 26 appointed by the cabinet (Council of Ministers); note - political parties allocated more than 30 percent of the PR seats are obliged to follow specified quotas for ethnic groups and within them equal percentages of men and women
elections: last held on 19 November 2013 (next to be held NA)
election results: percent of vote by party - NC 26%, CPN-UML 24%, Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) 15%, Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal 7%; other 28%; seats by party - NC 196, CPN-UML 175, UCPN(M) 80, Rastriya Prajantantra Party Nepal 24, other smaller parties 100; note - 26 seats filled by the new Cabinet have not yet been appointed
highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and up to 14 judges)
judge selection and term of office: the Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the prime minister on the recommendation of the Constitutional Council; other judges appointed by the prime minister on the recommendation of the Judicial Council; judges serve until age 65
subordinate courts: appellate and district courts
note: Nepal's judiciary was restructured under its 2007 Interim Constitution
note: 120 political parties participated in the 19 November 2013 election and the 30 parties listed below were elected to serve in the Constituent Assembly
Akhanda Nepal Party [Kumar KHADKA]
Communist Party of Nepal-Marxist Leninist [C.P. MAINALI]
Communist Party of Nepal-Unified Marxist-Leninist or UML [Jhalanath KHANAL]
Communist Party of Nepal (United) [Chandra Dev JOSHI]
Dalit Janajati Party [Bishwendra PASHWAN]
Federal Socialist Party [Ashok RAI]
Jana Jagaran Party Nepal [Lok Mani DHAKAL]
Khambuwan Rastriya Morcha-Nepal [Ram Kumar RAI]
Madhesi People's Rights Forum-Democratic [Bijay Kumar GACHCHADAR]
Madhesi People's Rights Forum-Nepal [Upendra YADAV]
Madhesi People's Rights Forum-Republican [Raj Kishore YADAV]
Madhes Samata Party Nepal [Meghraj SAHANI]
National Madhes Socialist Party [Sharat Singh BHANDARI]
Nepal Pariwar Dal [Ek Nath DHAKAL]
Nepal Workers and Peasants Party [Narayan Man BIJUKCHHE]
Nepali Congress [Sushil KOIRALA]
Nepali Janata Dal [Hari Charan SAH]
Nepa Rastriya Party [Keshav Man SHAKYA]
Rastriya Janamorcha Nepal [Chitra Bahadur K.C.]
Rastriya Janamukti Party [Malwar Singh THAPA]
Rastriya Prajatantra Party [Surya Bahadur THAPA]
Rastriya Prajatantra Party-Nepal [Kamal THAPA]
Sadbhavana Party [Rajendra MAHATO]
Samajbadi Janata Party Nepal [Prem Bahadur SINGH]
Sanghiya Sadbhavana Party [Anil JHA]
Sanghiye Lokatantrik Rastriya Manch [Rukmini CHAUDARY]
Terai Madhes Democratic Party [Mahantha THAKUR]
Terai Madhes Sadbhavana Party-Nepal [Mahendra YADAV]
Tharuhat Terai Party Nepal [Bhanuram CHAUDARY]
Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) or UCPN(M) [Pushpa Kamal DAHAL, also known as PRACHANDA]
other: various groups advocating regional autonomy such as the Federal State Limbuwan Council in far eastern Nepal
ADB, BIMSTEC, CD, CP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSMA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM, OPCW, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
chief of mission: Ambassador Arjun Kumar KARKI (since 18 May 2015)
chancery: 2131 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 667-4550
consulate(s) general: Cleveland (OH), New York
chief of mission: Ambassador Peter W. BODDE (since 10 September 2012)
embassy: Maharajgunj, Kathmandu
mailing address: use embassy street address
telephone: [977] (1) 423-4000
red with a blue border around the unique shape of two overlapping right triangles; the smaller, upper triangle bears a white stylized moon and the larger, lower triangle displays a white 12-pointed sun; the color red represents the rhododendron (Nepal's national flower) and is a sign of victory and bravery, the blue border signifies peace and harmony; the two right triangles are a combination of two single pennons (pennants) that originally symbolized the Himalaya Mountains while their charges represented the families of the king (upper) and the prime minister, but today they are understood to denote Hinduism and Buddhism, the country's two main religions; the moon represents the serenity of the Nepalese people and the shade and cool weather in the Himalayas, while the sun depicts the heat and higher temperatures of the lower parts of Nepal; the moon and the sun are also said to express the hope that the nation will endure as long as these heavenly bodies
note: Nepal is the only country in the world whose flag is not rectangular or square
rhododendron blossom; national color: red
name: "Sayaun Thunga Phool Ka" (Hundreds of Flowers)
lyrics/music: Pradeep Kumar RAI/Ambar GURUNG
note: adopted 2007; after the abolition of the monarchy in 2006, a new anthem was required because of the previous anthem's praise for the king
Economy :: NEPAL
-
Nepal is among the poorest and least developed countries in the world, with about one-quarter of its population living below the poverty line. Nepal is heavily dependent on remittances, which amount to as much as 22%-25% of GDP. Agriculture is the mainstay of the economy, providing a livelihood for more than 70% of the population and accounting for a little over one-third of GDP. Industrial activity mainly involves the processing of agricultural products, including pulses, jute, sugarcane, tobacco, and grain. Nepal has considerable scope for exploiting its potential in hydropower, with an estimated 42,000 MW of commercially feasible capacity, but political uncertainty and a difficult business climate have hampered foreign investment. Additional challenges to Nepal's growth include its landlocked geographic location, persistent power shortages, underdeveloped transportation infrastructure, civil strife and labor unrest, and its susceptibility to natural disaster. The lack of political consensus in the past several years has delayed national budgets and prevented much-needed economic reform, although the government passed a full budget in 2013 and 2014. Nepal and India signed trade and investment agreements in 2014 that will increase Nepal’s hydropower potential.
$66.78 billion (2014 est.)
$63.31 billion (2013 est.)
$60.96 billion (2012 est.)
note: data are in 2014 US dollars
country comparison to the world: 97
$19.64 billion (2014 est.)
5.5% (2014 est.)
3.9% (2013 est.)
4.8% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 44
$2,400 (2014 est.)
$2,300 (2013 est.)
$2,200 (2012 est.)
note: data are in 2014 US dollars
country comparison to the world: 197
33.5% of GDP (2014 est.)
33.1% of GDP (2013 est.)
34.9% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 21
household consumption: 78.1%
government consumption: 11.2%
investment in fixed capital: 23.1%
investment in inventories: 13.9%
exports of goods and services: 13.9%
imports of goods and services: -40.3%
(2014 est.)
services: 55.7% (2014 est.)
pulses, rice, corn, wheat, sugarcane, jute, root crops; milk, water buffalo meat
tourism, carpets, textiles; small rice, jute, sugar, and oilseed mills; cigarettes, cement and brick production
2.7% (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 108
14.76 million
note: severe lack of skilled labor (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 39
services: 18% (2010 est.)
46% (2008 est.)
42% (2004 est.)
country comparison to the world: 195
25.2% (2011 est.)
highest 10%: 29.5% (2011)
32.8 (2010)
47.2 (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 103
expenditures: $3.834 billion (2014 est.)
20.8% of GDP (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 154
1.3% of GDP (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 19
30% of GDP (FY 2012/13 est.)
32% of GDP (FY 2011/12 est.) (FY11/12)
country comparison to the world: 126
16 July - 15 July
8.4% (2014 est.)
10.2% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 205
8% (31 October 2014)
8% (31 December 2013)
country comparison to the world: 36
10.9% (31 December 2014 est.)
12.4% (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 75
$3.808 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$3.356 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 113
$14.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$12.55 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 96
$13.35 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$11.82 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 96
$9.671 billion (31 October 2014 est.)
$5.812 billion (31 October 2013 est.)
$5.235 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 76
$908 million (2014 est.)
$805.7 million (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 50
$1.124 billion (2014 est.)
$991.5 million (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 159
clothing, pulses, carpets, textiles, juice, jute goods
India 59.7%, US 8.6%, China 4.6% (2014)
$7.282 billion (2014 est.)
$6.502 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 114
petroleum products, machinery and equipment, gold, electrical goods, medicine
India 57%, China 29.6% (2014)
$5.439 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
$4.434 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 94
$3.549 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$3.648 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 138
$103 million (31 July 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 111
$NA
Nepalese rupees (NPR) per US dollar -
97.4 (2014 est.)
93 (2013 est.)
85.2 (2012 est.)
74.02 (2011 est.)
73.16 (2010 est.)
Energy :: NEPAL
-
3.431 billion kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 128
2.832 billion kWh (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 133
31 million kWh (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 89
721 million kWh (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 72
746,000 kW (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 131
7.6% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 198
0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 154
92.4% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 11
0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 110
0 bbl/day (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 206
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 164
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 106
0 bbl (1 January 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 173
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 182
19,260 bbl/day (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 133
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 205
21,960 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 101
0 cu m (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 175
0 cu m (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 180
0 cu m (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 154
0 cu m (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 109
0 cu m (1 January 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 178
3.638 million Mt (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 137
Communications :: NEPAL
-
total subscriptions: 840,000
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 85
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 75 (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 52
general assessment: poor telephone and telegraph service; fair radiotelephone communication service and mobile-cellular telephone network
domestic: mobile-cellular telephone subscribership base is increasing with roughly 90% of the population living in areas covered by mobile carriers
international: country code - 977; radiotelephone communications; microwave and fiber landlines to India; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (2011)
state operates 2 TV stations, as well as national and regional radio stations; roughly 30 independent TV channels are registered with only about half in regular operation; nearly 400 FM radio stations are licensed with roughly 300 operational (2007)
AM 6, FM 80, shortwave 4 (2008)
9 (plus 9 repeaters) (2008)
.np
percent of population: 12.1% (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 80
Transportation :: NEPAL
-
47 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 95
29 (2013)
narrow gauge: 53 km 0.762-m gauge (2014)
country comparison to the world: 131
country comparison to the world: 132
Military :: NEPAL
-
Nepal Army (2012)
18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2014)
males age 16-49: 6,941,152
females age 16-49: 7,618,397 (2010 est.)
males age 16-49: 5,260,878
females age 16-49: 5,947,512 (2010 est.)
female: 367,103 (2010 est.)
NA% (2012)
1.41% of GDP (2011)
NA% (2010)
Transnational Issues :: NEPAL
-
joint border commission continues to work on contested sections of boundary with India, including the 400 sq km dispute over the source of the Kalapani River; India has instituted a stricter border regime to restrict transit of Maoist insurgents and illegal cross-border activities
refugees (country of origin): 23,059 (Bhutan); 15,000 (Tibet/China) (2014)
IDPs: 58,689 (remaining from ten-year Maoist insurgency that officially ended in 2006; figure does not include people displaced since 2007 by inter-communal violence and insecurity in the Terai region; 2015 earthquakes) (2015)
stateless persons: undetermined (2013); note - in 2007-2008 the government distributed 2.6 million citizenship certificates to the 3.4 million people without one; the remaining 800,000 without citizenship certificates are not necessarily stateless, and the UNHCR is working with the Nepali Government to clarify their situation; lesser numbers of Bhutanese Hindu refugees of Nepali origin (the Lhotsampa) who were stripped of Bhutanese nationality and forced to flee their country in the late 1980s and early 1990s - and undocumented Tibetan refugees who arrived in Nepal prior to the 1990s - are considered stateless
illicit producer of cannabis and hashish for the domestic and international drug markets; transit point for opiates from Southeast Asia to the West

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Africa 1997 (The World Today Series).

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81.3 % 80.5%Census of India , 2001 54%Dostert , Pierre Etienne .

Africa 1997 ( The World Today Series ) .

Africa 1997 (The World Today Series).

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Africa 1997 (The World Today Series).

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Africa 1997 (The World Today Series).

Africa 1997 (The World Today Series).

BANGLADESH: COUNTRY PROFILE
Official Name
|:|
The People's Republic of Bangladesh
Capital City
|:|
Dhaka
Independence Day
|:|
26th March
Geographical Location
|:|
In South Asia between 20o.34¢ and 26o.38¢latitude and between 880.01¢& 920.41¢east longitude .
Area
|:|
1,47,570 Sq.Km
Territorial Water
|:|
12 Nautical Miles
Population
|:|
130.03 Million (Population Census 2001) (Adjusted)
Density
|:|
881 Per Square Km. (Census-2001)
Growth rate
|:|
1.54
Population by Area
|:|
Rural-76.57% Urban-23.43%
Literacy rate (7+)
|:|
Both Sex-45.3, Male-49.6, Female-40.6(Census 2001)
Both Sex-61.3, Male-65.9, Female-56.5 (Completed at least 1st grade
Literacy rate (15+)
|:|
Both Sex-47.5 Male-53.9, Female-40.8 (Census-2001)
Per Capita Gross National Income(GNI)
|:|
Taka 28443 (US$463) (2004-05, BBS)
Language
|:|
National Language : Bengali-98% English is also widely spoken and understood.
Religion based Population
|:|
Muslim (89.7%), Hindu (9.2%), Buddhist (0.7%), Christian (0.3%), Animist and believers in tribal faiths (0.1%)
Administrative Units (BBS-2001)
|:|
Division -6, District-64, Upazila/Thana-520 Municipal Corporation: 4 Municipalities- 223,Union Parishad-4533, Village-87928
Time
|:|
GMT +6.00 Hours
Main Seasons
|:|
Winter (November-February) Summer (March-June) Monsoon (July-October)
Principal Rivers
|:|
Padma, Meghna, Jamuna, Brahmaputra, Tista and Karnophuli, (Total 230 rivers including tributaries
(BBS pocket book 2003 )
Best Tourist Season
|:|
October to March.
|Copyright © 2006 BANBEIS All Rights Reserved.|

Africa 1997 (The World Today Series).

|The World Factbook|
|Malaysia|
|Introduction||Malaysia|
Background:
|During the late 18th and 19th centuries, Great Britain established colonies and protectorates in the area of current Malaysia; these were occupied by Japan from 1942 to 1945. In 1948, the British-ruled territories on the Malay Peninsula formed the Federation of Malaya, which became independent in 1957. Malaysia was formed in 1963 when the former British colonies of Singapore and the East Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak on the northern coast of Borneo joined the Federation. The first several years of the country's history were marred by a Communist insurgency, Indonesian confrontation with Malaysia, Philippine claims to Sabah, and Singapore's secession from the Federation in 1965. During the 22-year term of Prime Minister MAHATHIR bin Mohamad (1981-2003), Malaysia was successful in diversifying its economy from dependence on exports of raw materials to expansion in manufacturing, services, and tourism.|
|Geography||Malaysia|
Location:
|Southeastern Asia, peninsula bordering Thailand and northern one-third of the island of Borneo, bordering Indonesia, Brunei, and the South China Sea, south of Vietnam|
Geographic coordinates:
|2 30 N, 112 30 E|
Map references:
|Southeast Asia|
Area:
|
total: 329,750 sq km
|
land: 328,550 sq km
water: 1,200 sq km
Area - comparative:
|slightly larger than New Mexico|
Land boundaries:
|
total: 2,669 km
|
border countries: Brunei 381 km, Indonesia 1,782 km, Thailand 506 km
Coastline:
|4,675 km (Peninsular Malaysia 2,068 km, East Malaysia 2,607 km)|
Maritime claims:
|
territorial sea: 12 nm
|
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation; specified boundary in the South China Sea
Climate:
|tropical; annual southwest (April to October) and northeast (October to February) monsoons|
Terrain:
|coastal plains rising to hills and mountains|
Elevation extremes:
|
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
|
highest point: Gunung Kinabalu 4,100 m
Natural resources:
|tin, petroleum, timber, copper, iron ore, natural gas, bauxite|
Land use:
|
arable land: 5.46%
|
permanent crops: 17.54%
other: 77% (2005)
Irrigated land:
|3,650 sq km (2003)|
Total renewable water resources:
|580 cu km (1999)|
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
|
total: 9.02 cu km/yr (17%/21%/62%)
|
per capita: 356 cu m/yr (2000)
Natural hazards:
|flooding, landslides, forest fires|
Environment - current issues:
|air pollution from industrial and vehicular emissions; water pollution from raw sewage; deforestation; smoke/haze from Indonesian forest fires|
Environment - international agreements:
|party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands|
Geography - note:
|strategic location along Strait of Malacca and southern South China Sea|
|People||Malaysia|
Population:
|25,715,819 (July 2009 est.)|
Age structure:
|
0-14 years: 31.4% (male 4,153,621/female 3,914,962)
|
15-64 years: 63.6% (male 8,210,373/female 8,143,043)
65 years and over: 5% (male 569,245/female 724,575) (2009 est.)
Median age:
|
total: 24.9 years
|
male: 24.3 years
female: 25.6 years (2008 est.)
Population growth rate:
|1.723% (2009 est.)|
Birth rate:
|22.44 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)|
Death rate:
|5.02 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)|
Net migration rate:
|
NA
|
note: does not reflect net flow of an unknown number of illegal immigrants from other countries in the region (2009 est.)
Urbanization:
|
urban population: 70% of total population (2008)
|
rate of urbanization: 3% annual rate of change (2005-2010)
Sex ratio:
|
at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
|
under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female
total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2009 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
|
total: 15.87 deaths/1,000 live births
|
male: 18.32 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 13.24 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
|
total population: 73.29 years
|
male: 70.56 years
female: 76.21 years (2009 est.)
Total fertility rate:
|2.95 children born/woman (2009 est.)|
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
|0.5% (2007 est.)|
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
|80,000 (2007 est.)|
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
|3,900 (2007 est.)|
Major infectious diseases:
|
degree of risk: high
|
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea
vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria
note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)
Nationality:
|
noun: Malaysian(s)
|
adjective: Malaysian
Ethnic groups:
|Malay 50.4%, Chinese 23.7%, indigenous 11%, Indian 7.1%, others 7.8% (2004 est.)|
Religions:
|Muslim 60.4%, Buddhist 19.2%, Christian 9.1%, Hindu 6.3%, Confucianism, Taoism, other traditional Chinese religions 2.6%, other or unknown 1.5%, none 0.8% (2000 census)|
Languages:
|
Bahasa Malaysia (official), English, Chinese (Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai
|
note: in East Malaysia there are several indigenous languages; most widely spoken are Iban and Kadazan
Literacy:
|
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
|
total population: 88.7%
male: 92%
female: 85.4% (2000 census)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
|
total: 13 years
|
male: 12 years
female: 13 years (2005)
Education expenditures:
|6.2% of GDP (2004)|
|Government||Malaysia|
Country name:
|
conventional long form: none
|
conventional short form: Malaysia
local long form: none
local short form: Malaysia
former: Federation of Malaya
Government type:
|
constitutional monarchy
|
note: nominally headed by paramount ruler (commonly referred to as the King) and a bicameral Parliament consisting of a nonelected upper house and an elected lower house; all Peninsular Malaysian states have hereditary rulers (commonly referred to as sultans) except Melaka and Pulau Pinang (Penang); those two states along with Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia have governors appointed by government; powers of state governments are limited by federal constitution; under terms of federation, Sabah and Sarawak retain certain constitutional prerogatives (e.g., right to maintain their own immigration controls)
Capital:
|
name: Kuala Lumpur
|
geographic coordinates: 3 10 N, 101 42 E
time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
note: Putrajaya is referred to as administrative center not capital; Parliament meets in Kuala Lumpur
Administrative divisions:
|13 states (negeri-negeri, singular - negeri) Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Perlis, Pulau Pinang, Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor, and Terengganu; and one federal territory (wilayah persekutuan) with three components, city of Kuala Lumpur, Labuan, and Putrajaya|
Independence:
|31 August 1957 (from the UK)|
National holiday:
|Independence Day/Malaysia Day, 31 August (1957)|
Constitution:
|31 August 1957 (amended many times, latest in 2007)|
Legal system:
|based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court at request of supreme head of the federation; Islamic law is applied to Muslims in matters of family law and religion; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction|
Suffrage:
|21 years of age; universal|
Executive branch:
|
chief of state: King - Sultan MIZAN Zainal Abidin (since 13 December 2006); (the position of the king is primarily ceremonial)
|
head of government: Prime Minister Mohamed NAJIB bin Abdul Razak (since 3 April 2009); Deputy Prime Minister MUHYIDDIN bin Mohamed Yassin (since 9 April 2009)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister from among the members of Parliament with consent of the king
elections: kings are elected by and from the hereditary rulers of nine of the states for five-year terms; election last held on 3 November 2006 (next to be held in 2011); prime minister designated from among the members of the House of Representatives; following legislative elections, the leader who commands the support of the majority of members in the House becomes prime minister (since independence this has been the leader of the UMNO party)
election results: Sultan MIZAN Zainal Abidin elected king; in practice, selection is based on principle of rotation among rulers of states
Legislative branch:
|
bicameral Parliament or Parlimen consists of Senate or Dewan Negara (70 seats; 44 appointed by the king, 26 elected by 13 state legislatures; serve three-year terms with limit of two terms) and House of Representatives or Dewan Rakyat (222 seats; members elected by popular vote; serve up to five-year terms)
|
elections: House of Representatives - last held on 8 March 2008 (next to be held by June 2013)
election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote - BN coalition 50.3%, opposition parties 46.8%, others 2.9%; seats - BN coalition 140, opposition parties 82
Judicial branch:
|Civil Courts include Federal Court, Court of Appeal, High Court of Malaya on peninsula Malaysia, and High Court of Sabah and Sarawak in states of Borneo (judges are appointed by the king on the advice of the prime minister); Sharia Courts include Sharia Appeal Court, Sharia High Court, and Sharia Subordinate Courts at state-level and deal with religious and family matters such as custody, divorce, and inheritance only for Muslims; decisions of Sharia courts cannot be appealed to civil courts|
Political parties and leaders:
|
National Front (Barisan Nasional) or BN (ruling coalition) consists of the following parties: Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia Party or PGRM [KOH Tsu Koon]; Liberal Democratic Party (Parti Liberal Demokratik - Sabah) or LDP [LIEW Vui Keong]; Malaysian Chinese Association (Persatuan China Malaysia) or MCA [ONG Tee Keat]; Malaysian Indian Congress (Kongres India Malaysia) or MIC [S. Samy VELLU]; Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah or PBRS [Joseph KURUP]; Parti Bersatu Sabah or PBS [Joseph PAIRIN Kitingan]; Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu or PBB [Abdul TAIB Mahmud]; Parti Rakyat Sarawak or PRS [James MASING]; Sarawak United People's Party (Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sarawak) or SUPP [George CHAN Hong Nam]; United Malays National Organization or UMNO [NAJIB bin Abdul Razak]; United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organization (Pertubuhan Pasko Momogun Kadazan Dusun Bersatu) or UPKO [Bernard DOMPOK]; People's Progressive Party (Parti Progresif Penduduk Malaysia) or PPP [M.Kayveas]; Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party or SPDP [William MAWAN])
|
People's Alliance (Pakatan Rakyat) or PR (opposition coalition) consists of the following parties: Democratic Action Party (Parti Tindakan Demokratik) or DAP [KARPAL Singh]; Islamic Party of Malaysia (Parti Islam se Malaysia) or PAS [Abdul HADI Awang]; People's Justice Party (Parti Keadilan Rakyat) or PKR [WAN AZIZAH Wan Ismail]; Sarawak National Party or SNAP [Edwin DUNDANG]
independent party: Sabah Progressive Party (Parti Progresif Saban) or SAPP [YONG Teck Lee]
Political pressure groups and leaders:
|
Bar Council BERSIH (electoral reform coalition); PEMBELA (Muslim NGO coalition)
|
other: religious groups; women's groups; youth groups
International organization participation:
|ADB, APEC, APT, ARF, ASEAN, BIS, C, CP, EAS, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, PIF (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNMIT, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO|
Diplomatic representation in the US:
|
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Ilango KARUPPANNAN
|
chancery: 3516 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 572-9700
FAX: [1] (202) 572-9882
consulate(s) general: Los Angeles, New York
Diplomatic representation from the US:
|
chief of mission: Ambassador James R. KEITH
|
embassy: 376 Jalan Tun Razak, 50400 Kuala Lumpur
mailing address: US Embassy Kuala Lumpur, APO AP 96535-8152
telephone: [60] (3) 2168-5000
FAX: [60] (3) 2142-2207
Flag description:
|14 equal horizontal stripes of red (top) alternating with white (bottom); there is a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a yellow crescent and a yellow 14-pointed star; the crescent and the star are traditional symbols of Islam; the design was based on the flag of the US|
|Economy||Malaysia|
Economy - overview:
|Malaysia, a middle-income country, has transformed itself since the 1970s from a producer of raw materials into an emerging multi-sector economy. Since coming to office in 2003, Prime Minister ABDULLAH has tried to move the economy farther up the value-added production chain by attracting investments in high technology industries, medical technology, and pharmaceuticals. The Government of Malaysia is continuing efforts to boost domestic demand to wean the economy off of its dependence on exports. Nevertheless, exports - particularly of electronics - remain a significant driver of the economy. As an oil and gas exporter, Malaysia has profited from higher world energy prices, although the rising cost of domestic gasoline and diesel fuel forced Kuala Lumpur to reduce government subsidies. Malaysia "unpegged" the ringgit from the US dollar in 2005 and the currency appreciated 6% per year against the dollar in 2006-08. Although this has helped to hold down the price of imports, inflationary pressures began to build in 2007 - in 2008 inflation stood at nearly 6%, year-over-year. The government presented its five-year national development agenda in April 2006 through the Ninth Malaysia Plan, a comprehensive blueprint for the allocation of the national budget from 2006-10. ABDULLAH has unveiled a series of ambitious development schemes for several regions that have had trouble attracting business investment. Real GDP growth has averaged about 6% per year under ABDULLAH, but regions outside of Kuala Lumpur and the manufacturing hub Penang have not fared as well. The central bank maintains healthy foreign exchange reserves and the regulatory regime has limited Malaysia's exposure to riskier financial instruments and the global financial crisis. Decreasing worldwide demand for consumer goods is expected to hurt economic growth, however.|
GDP (purchasing power parity):
|
$386.6 billion (2008 est.)
|
$367.8 billion (2007)
$346 billion (2006)
GDP (official exchange rate):
|$214.7 billion (2008 est.)|
GDP - real growth rate:
|
5.1% (2008 est.)
|
6.3% (2007 est.)
5.8% (2006 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
|
$15,300 (2008 est.)
|
$14,800 (2007 est.)
$14,200 (2006 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
|
agriculture: 9.7%
|
industry: 44.6%
services: 45.7% (2008 est.)
Labor force:
|11.2 million (2008 est.)|
Labor force - by occupation:
|
agriculture: 13%
|
industry: 36%
services: 51% (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate:
|3.7% (2008 est.)|
Population below poverty line:
|5.1% (2002 est.)|
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
|
lowest 10%: 1.4%
|
highest 10%: 39.2% (2003 est.)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
|46.1 (2002)|
Investment (gross fixed):
|20.7% of GDP (2008 est.)|
Budget:
|
revenues: $44.32 billion
|
expenditures: $55.01 billion (2008 est.)
Fiscal year:
|calendar year|
Public debt:
|42.7% of GDP (2008 est.)|
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|
5.8%
|
note: approximately 30% of goods are price-controlled (2008 est.)
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
|6.41% (31 December 2007)|
Stock of money:
|$49.41 billion (31 December 2007)|
Stock of quasi money:
|$187.6 billion (31 December 2007)|
Stock of domestic credit:
|$220 billion (31 December 2007)|
Market value of publicly traded shares:
|$325.7 billion (31 December 2007)|
Agriculture - products:
|Peninsular Malaysia - rubber, palm oil, cocoa, rice; Sabah - subsistence crops, rubber, timber, coconuts, rice; Sarawak - rubber, pepper, timber|
Industries:
|Peninsular Malaysia - rubber and oil palm processing and manufacturing, light manufacturing, electronics, tin mining and smelting, logging, timber processing; Sabah - logging, petroleum production; Sarawak - agriculture processing, petroleum production and refining, logging|
Industrial production growth rate:
|4% (2008 est.)|
Electricity - production:
|102.9 billion kWh (2007 est.)|
Electricity - consumption:
|95.98 billion kWh (2006 est.)|
Electricity - exports:
|2.524 billion kWh (2006 est.)|
Electricity - imports:
|0 kWh (2007 est.)|
Electricity - production by source:
|
fossil fuel: 89.5%
|
hydro: 10.5%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (2001)
Oil - production:
|753,700 bbl/day (2008 est.)|
Oil - consumption:
|501,100 bbl/day (2006 est.)|
Oil - exports:
|546,300 bbl/day (2005)|
Oil - imports:
|308,500 bbl/day (2005)|
Oil - proved reserves:
|4 billion bbl (1 January 2008 est.)|
Natural gas - production:
|64.5 billion cu m (2007 est.)|
Natural gas - consumption:
|32.9 billion cu m (2007 est.)|
Natural gas - exports:
|31.6 billion cu m (2007 est.)|
Natural gas - imports:
|0 cu m (2007 est.)|
Natural gas - proved reserves:
|2.35 trillion cu m (1 January 2008 est.)|
Current account balance:
|$27.44 billion (2008 est.)|
Exports:
|$195.7 billion f.o.b. (2008 est.)|
Exports - commodities:
|electronic equipment, petroleum and liquefied natural gas, wood and wood products, palm oil, rubber, textiles, chemicals|
Exports - partners:
|US 15.6%, Singapore 14.6%, Japan 9.1%, China 8.8%, Thailand 5%, Hong Kong 4.6% (2007)|
Imports:
|$156.2 billion f.o.b. (2008 est.)|
Imports - commodities:
|electronics, machinery, petroleum products, plastics, vehicles, iron and steel products, chemicals|
Imports - partners:
|Japan 13%, China 12.9%, Singapore 11.5%, US 10.8%, Taiwan 5.7%, Thailand 5.3%, South Korea 4.9%, Germany 4.6%, Indonesia 4.2% (2007)|
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|$104.4 billion (31 December 2008 est.)|
Debt - external:
|$54.11 billion (31 December 2008 est.)|
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|$92.76 billion (2008 est.)|
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
|$50.08 billion (2008 est.)|
Currency (code):
|ringgit (MYR)|
Currency code:
|MYR|
Exchange rates:
|ringgits (MYR) per US dollar - 3.33 (2008 est.), 3.46 (2007), 3.6683 (2006), 3.8 (2005), 3.8 (2004)|
|Communications||Malaysia|
Telephones - main lines in use:
|4.35 million (2007)|
Telephones - mobile cellular:
|23.347 million (2007)|
Telephone system:
|
general assessment: modern system; international service excellent
|
domestic: good intercity service provided on Peninsular Malaysia mainly by microwave radio relay; adequate intercity microwave radio relay network between Sabah and Sarawak via Brunei; domestic satellite system with 2 earth stations; combined fixed-line and mobile cellular teledensity exceeds 110 per 100 persons
international: country code - 60; landing point for several major international submarine cable networks that provide connectivity to Asia, Middle East, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean, 1 Pacific Ocean) (2007)
Radio broadcast stations:
|AM 35, FM 391, shortwave 15 (2001)|
Radios:
|10.9 million (1999)|
Television broadcast stations:
|88 (mainland Malaysia 51, Sabah 16, and Sarawak 21) (2006)|
Televisions:
|10.8 million (1999)|
Internet country code:
|.my|
Internet hosts:
|377,716 (2008)|
Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
|7 (2000)|
Internet users:
|15.868 million (2007)|
|Transportation||Malaysia|
Airports:
|116 (2008)|
Airports - with paved runways:
|
total: 36
|
over 3,047 m: 5
2,438 to 3,047 m: 10
1,524 to 2,437 m: 7
914 to 1,523 m: 8
under 914 m: 6 (2008)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
|total 80 914 to 1,523 m 8 under 914 m 72 (2008)|
Heliports:
|2 (2007)|
Pipelines:
|condensate 3 km; gas 1,965 km; oil 31 km; refined products 114 km (2008)|
Railways:
|
total: 1,890 km
|
standard gauge: 57 km 1.435-m gauge (57 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 1,833 km 1.000-m gauge (150 km electrified) (2006)
Roadways:
|
total: 98,721 km
|
paved: 80,280 km (includes 1,821 km of expressways)
unpaved: 18,441 km (2004)
Waterways:
|
7,200 km
|
note: Peninsular Malaysia 3,200 km; Sabah 1,500 km; Sarawak 2,500 km (2008)
Merchant marine:
|
total: 306
|
by type: bulk carrier 12, cargo 97, carrier 1, chemical tanker 34, container 46, liquefied gas 33, passenger/cargo 5, petroleum tanker 71, roll on/roll off 3, vehicle carrier 4
foreign-owned: 40 (Germany 1, Hong Kong 14, Japan 4, Russia 2, Singapore 16, Sweden 3)
registered in other countries: 68 (Bahamas 13, Marshall Islands 3, Norway 1, Panama 12, Philippines 1, Saint Kitts and Nevis 1, Singapore 27, Thailand 3, Tuvalu 1, US 2, unknown 4) (2008)
Ports and terminals:
|Bintulu, Johor Bahru, Kuantan, Labuan, George Town (Penang), Port Kelang, Tanjung Pelepas|
Transportation - note:
|the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Strait of Malacca and South China Sea as high risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; numerous commercial vessels have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; hijacked vessels are often disguised and cargo diverted to ports in East Asia; crews have been murdered or cast adrift|
|Military||Malaysia|
Military branches:
|Malaysian Armed Forces (Angkatan Tentera Malaysia, ATM): Malaysian Army (Tentera Darat Malaysia), Royal Malaysian Navy (Tentera Laut Diraja Malaysia, TLDM), Royal Malaysian Air Force (Tentera Udara Diraja Malaysia, TUDM) (2008)|
Military service age and obligation:
|18 years of age for voluntary military service (2005)|
Manpower available for military service:
|
males age 16-49: 6,440,338
|
females age 16-49: 6,280,826 (2008 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
|
males age 16-49: 5,493,946
|
females age 16-49: 5,409,524 (2009 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
|
male: 266,267
|
female: 252,543 (2009 est.)
Military expenditures:
|2.03% of GDP (2005 est.)|
|Transnational Issues||Malaysia|
Disputes - international:
|Malaysia has asserted sovereignty over the Spratly Islands together with China, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam, and possibly Brunei; while the 2002 "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea" has eased tensions over the Spratly Islands, it is not the legally binding "code of conduct" sought by some parties; Malaysia was not party to the March 2005 joint accord among the national oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam on conducting marine seismic activities in the Spratly Islands; disputes continue over deliveries of fresh water to Singapore, Singapore's land reclamation, bridge construction, and maritime boundaries in the Johor and Singapore Straits; in November 2007, the ICJ will hold public hearings in response to the memorials and countermemorials filed by the parties in 2003 and 2005 over sovereignty of Pedra Branca Island/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge; ICJ awarded Ligitan and Sipadan islands, also claimed by Indonesia and Philippines, to Malaysia but left maritime boundary and sovereignty of Unarang rock in the hydrocarbon-rich Celebes Sea in dispute; separatist violence in Thailand's predominantly Muslim southern provinces prompts measures to close and monitor border with Malaysia to stem terrorist activities; Philippines retains a dormant claim to Malaysia's Sabah State in northern Borneo; Brunei and Malaysia agreed in September 2008 to resolve their offshore and deepwater seabed dispute, resume hydrocarbon exploration and renounce any territorial claims on land; piracy remains a problem in the Malacca Strait|
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
|refugees (country of origin): 15,174 (Indonesia); 21,544 (Burma) (2007)|
Trafficking in persons:
|
current situation: Malaysia is a destination and, to a lesser extent, a source and transit country for women and children trafficked for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation, and men, women, and children for forced labor; Malaysia is mainly a destination country for men, women, and children who migrate willingly from South and Southeast Asia to work, some of whom are subjected to conditions of involuntary servitude by Malaysian employers in the domestic, agricultural, construction, plantation, and industrial sectors; to a lesser extent, some Malaysian women, primarily of Chinese ethnicity, are trafficked abroad for commercial sexual exploitation
|
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Malaysia improved from Tier 3 to the Tier 2 Watch List for 2008 when it enacted comprehensive anti-trafficking legislation in July 2007; however, it did not take action against exploitative employers or labor traffickers in 2007; the government has not ratified the 2000 UN TIP Protocol (2008)
Illicit drugs:
|drug trafficking prosecuted vigorously and carries severe penalties; heroin still primary drug of abuse, but synthetic drug demand remains strong; continued ecstasy and methamphetamine producer for domestic users and, to a lesser extent, the regional drug market|
This page was last updated on 23 April, 2009

Africa 1997 (The World Today Series).

|
Legend:
Definition
Field Listing
Rank Order
|
|
|
Background:
|
|
A lengthy struggle between France and Great Britain for the islands ended in 1814, when they were ceded to the latter. Independence came in 1976. Socialist rule was brought to a close with a new constitution and free elections in 1993. President France-Albert RENE, who had served since 1977, was re-elected in 2001, but stepped down in 2004. Vice President James MICHEL took over the presidency and in July 2006 was elected to a new five-year term.
|
|
Location:
|
|
archipelago in the Indian Ocean, northeast of Madagascar
|
|
Geographic coordinates:
|
|
4 35 S, 55 40 E
|
|
Map references:
|
|
Africa
|
|
Area:
|
|
total: 455 sq km
land: 455 sq km
water: 0 sq km
|
|
Area - comparative:
|
|
2.5 times the size of Washington, DC
|
|
Land boundaries:
|
|
0 km
|
|
Coastline:
|
|
491 km
|
|
Maritime claims:
|
|
territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
|
|
Climate:
|
|
tropical marine; humid; cooler season during southeast monsoon (late May to September); warmer season during northwest monsoon (March to May)
|
|
Terrain:
|
|
Mahe Group is granitic, narrow coastal strip, rocky, hilly; others are coral, flat, elevated reefs
|
|
Elevation extremes:
|
|
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: Morne Seychellois 905 m
|
|
Natural resources:
|
|
fish, copra, cinnamon trees
|
|
Land use:
|
|
arable land: 2.17%
permanent crops: 13.04%
other: 84.79% (2005)
|
|
Irrigated land:
|
|
NA
|
|
Natural hazards:
|
|
lies outside the cyclone belt, so severe storms are rare; short droughts possible
|
|
Environment - current issues:
|
|
water supply depends on catchments to collect rainwater
|
|
Environment - international agreements:
|
|
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
|
|
Geography - note:
|
|
41 granitic and about 75 coralline islands
|
|
Population:
|
|
81,895 (July 2007 est.)
|
|
Age structure:
|
|
0-14 years: 25.4% (male 10,504/female 10,272)
15-64 years: 68.5% (male 27,405/female 28,706)
65 years and over: 6.1% (male 1,590/female 3,418) (2007 est.)
|
|
Median age:
|
|
total: 28.4 years
male: 27.3 years
female: 29.4 years (2007 est.)
|
|
Population growth rate:
|
|
0.432% (2007 est.)
|
|
Birth rate:
|
|
15.83 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
|
|
Death rate:
|
|
6.25 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
|
|
Net migration rate:
|
|
-5.25 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
|
|
Sex ratio:
|
|
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.023 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.955 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.465 male(s)/female
total population: 0.932 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
|
|
Infant mortality rate:
|
|
total: 14.75 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 18.67 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 10.71 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
|
|
Life expectancy at birth:
|
|
total population: 72.34 years
male: 66.98 years
female: 77.86 years (2007 est.)
|
|
Total fertility rate:
|
|
1.74 children born/woman (2007 est.)
|
|
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
|
|
NA
|
|
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
|
|
NA
|
|
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
|
|
NA
|
|
Nationality:
|
|
noun: Seychellois (singular and plural)
adjective: Seychellois
|
|
Ethnic groups:
|
|
mixed French, African, Indian, Chinese, and Arab
|
|
Religions:
|
|
Roman Catholic 82.3%, Anglican 6.4%, Seventh Day Adventist 1.1%, other Christian 3.4%, Hindu 2.1%, Muslim 1.1%, other non-Christian 1.5%, unspecified 1.5%, none 0.6% (2002 census)
|
|
Languages:
|
|
Creole 91.8%, English 4.9% (official), other 3.1%, unspecified 0.2% (2002 census)
|
|
Literacy:
|
|
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 91.8%
male: 91.4%
female: 92.3% (2002 census)
|
|
Country name:
|
|
conventional long form: Republic of Seychelles
conventional short form: Seychelles
local long form: Republic of Seychelles
local short form: Seychelles
|
|
Government type:
|
|
republic
|
|
Capital:
|
|
name: Victoria
geographic coordinates: 4 38 S, 55 27 E
time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
|
|
Administrative divisions:
|
|
23 administrative districts; Anse aux Pins, Anse Boileau, Anse Etoile, Anse Louis, Anse Royale, Baie Lazare, Baie Sainte Anne, Beau Vallon, Bel Air, Bel Ombre, Cascade, Glacis, Grand' Anse (on Mahe), Grand' Anse (on Praslin), La Digue, La Riviere Anglaise, Mont Buxton, Mont Fleuri, Plaisance, Pointe La Rue, Port Glaud, Saint Louis, Takamaka
|
|
Independence:
|
|
29 June 1976 (from UK)
|
|
National holiday:
|
|
Constitution Day (National Day), 18 June (1993)
|
|
Constitution:
|
|
18 June 1993
|
|
Legal system:
|
|
based on English common law, French civil law, and customary law
|
|
Suffrage:
|
|
17 years of age; universal
|
|
Executive branch:
|
|
chief of state: President James Alix MICHEL (since 14 April 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President James MICHEL (since 14 April 2004)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for two more terms); election last held 28-30 July 2006 (next to be held in 2011)
election results: President James MICHEL elected president; percent of vote - James MICHEL 53.73%, Wavel RAMKALAWAN 45.71%, Philippe BOULLE 0.56%; note - this was the first election in which President James MICHEL participated; he was originally sworn in as president after former president France Albert RENE stepped down in April 2004
|
|
Legislative branch:
|
|
unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (34 seats; 25 members elected by popular vote, 9 allocated on a proportional basis to parties winning at least 10% of the vote; to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 10-12 May 2007 (next to be held in 2012)
election results: percent of vote by party - SPPF 56.2%, SNP 43.8%; seats by party - SPPF 23, SNP 11
|
|
Judicial branch:
|
|
Court of Appeal; Supreme Court; judges for both courts are appointed by the president
|
|
Political parties and leaders:
|
|
Democratic Party or DP [James MANCHAM, Paul CHOW]; Seychelles National Party or SNP [Wavel RAMKALAWAN] (formerly the United Opposition or UO); Seychelles People's Progressive Front or SPPF [France Albert RENE, James MICHEL] (the governing party)
|
|
Political pressure groups and leaders:
|
|
Roman Catholic Church; trade unions
|
|
International organization participation:
|
|
ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, C, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
|
|
Diplomatic representation in the US:
|
|
chief of mission: Ambassador Jean Ronald JUMEAU
chancery: 800 Second Avenue, Suite 400C, New York, NY 10017
telephone: [1] (212) 972-1785
FAX: [1] (212) 972-1786
|
|
Diplomatic representation from the US:
|
|
the US does not have an embassy in Seychelles; the ambassador to Mauritius is accredited to Seychelles
|
|
Flag description:
|
|
five oblique bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, red, white, and green (bottom) radiating from the bottom of the hoist side
|
|
Economy - overview:
|
|
Since independence in 1976, per capita output in this Indian Ocean archipelago has expanded to roughly seven times the pre-independence, near-subsistence level, moving the island into the upper-middle income group of countries. Growth has been led by the tourist sector, which employs about 30% of the labor force and provides more than 70% of hard currency earnings, and by tuna fishing. In recent years, the government has encouraged foreign investment to upgrade hotels and other services. At the same time, the government has moved to reduce the dependence on tourism by promoting the development of farming, fishing, and small-scale manufacturing. Sharp drops illustrated the vulnerability of the tourist sector in 1991-92 due largely to the Gulf War and once again following the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks on the US. Economic growth slowed in 1998-2002 and fell in 2003-04, due to sluggish tourist and tuna sectors, but resumed in 2005-07. The Seychelles rupee was allowed to depreciate in 2006 after being overvalued for years and fell by 10% in the first 9 months of 2007.
|
|
GDP (purchasing power parity):
|
|
$1.655 billion (2007 est.)
|
|
GDP (official exchange rate):
|
|
$599 million (2007 est.)
|
|
GDP - real growth rate:
|
|
5.8% (2007 est.)
|
|
GDP - per capita (PPP):
|
|
$18,400 (2007 est.)
|
|
GDP - composition by sector:
|
|
agriculture: 2.4%
industry: 25.6%
services: 72% (2007 est.)
|
|
Labor force:
|
|
30,900 (1996)
|
|
Labor force - by occupation:
|
|
agriculture: 10%
industry: 19%
services: 71% (1989)
|
|
Unemployment rate:
|
|
NA%
|
|
Population below poverty line:
|
|
NA%
|
|
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
|
|
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
|
|
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|
|
2.9% (2007 est.)
|
|
Investment (gross fixed):
|
|
13.2% of GDP (2007 est.)
|
|
Budget:
|
|
revenues: $380.9 million
expenditures: $361.2 million (2007 est.)
|
|
Public debt:
|
|
143.3% of GDP (2007 est.)
|
|
Agriculture - products:
|
|
coconuts, cinnamon, vanilla, sweet potatoes, cassava (tapioca), bananas; poultry; tuna
|
|
Industries:
|
|
fishing, tourism, processing of coconuts and vanilla, coir (coconut fiber) rope, boat building, printing, furniture; beverages
|
|
Industrial production growth rate:
|
|
1% (2007 est.)
|
|
Electricity - production:
|
|
208 million kWh (2005)
|
|
Electricity - consumption:
|
|
193.4 million kWh (2005)
|
|
Electricity - exports:
|
|
0 kWh (2005)
|
|
Electricity - imports:
|
|
0 kWh (2005)
|
|
Oil - production:
|
|
0 bbl/day (2005 est.)
|
|
Oil - consumption:
|
|
6,000 bbl/day (2005 est.)
|
|
Oil - exports:
|
|
0 bbl/day (2004)
|
|
Oil - imports:
|
|
5,800 bbl/day (2004)
|
|
Oil - proved reserves:
|
|
0 bbl (1 January 2006)
|
|
Natural gas - production:
|
|
0 cu m (2005 est.)
|
|
Natural gas - consumption:
|
|
0 cu m (2005 est.)
|
|
Natural gas - exports:
|
|
0 cu m (2005 est.)
|
|
Natural gas - imports:
|
|
0 cu m (2005)
|
|
Natural gas - proved reserves:
|
|
0 cu m (1 January 2006 est.)
|
|
Current account balance:
|
|
$-141 million (2007 est.)
|
|
Exports:
|
|
$434 million f.o.b. (2007 est.)
|
|
Exports - commodities:
|
|
canned tuna, frozen fish, cinnamon bark, copra, petroleum products (reexports)
|
|
Exports - partners:
|
|
UK 25.5%, UK 17.5%, France 11.9%, Italy 8.5%, Mauritius 8.3%, Japan 8.2%, Spain 4.3% (2006)
|
|
Imports:
|
|
$721 million f.o.b. (2007 est.)
|
|
Imports - commodities:
|
|
machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals
|
|
Imports - partners:
|
|
Netherlands 17.7%, Saudi Arabia 9.7%, South Africa 8.1%, Spain 7.8%, France 7.2%, Singapore 4.8%, Italy 4% (2006)
|
|
Economic aid - recipient:
|
|
$18.81 million (2005)
|
|
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|
|
$118 million (31 December 2007 est.)
|
|
Debt - external:
|
|
$957 million (31 December 2007 est.)
|
|
Market value of publicly traded shares:
|
|
$NA
|
|
Currency (code):
|
|
Seychelles rupee (SCR)
|
|
Exchange rates:
|
|
Seychelles rupees per US dollar - 6.5 (2007), 5.5 (2006), 5.5 (2005), 5.5 (2004), 5.4007 (2003)
|
|
Fiscal year:
|
|
calendar year
|
|
Airports:
|
|
15 (2007)
|
|
Airports - with paved runways:
|
|
total: 9
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 6
under 914 m: 2 (2007)
|
|
Airports - with unpaved runways:
|
|
total: 6
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 4 (2007)
|
|
Roadways:
|
|
total: 458 km
paved: 440 km
unpaved: 18 km (2003)
|
|
Merchant marine:
|
|
total: 6 ships (1000 GRT or over) 108,348 GRT/165,593 DWT
by type: cargo 1, carrier 1, chemical tanker 4
foreign-owned: 3 (Hong Kong 1, Nigeria 1, South Africa 1) (2007)
|
|
Ports and terminals:
|
|
Victoria
|
|
Disputes - international:
|
|
together with Mauritius, Seychelles claims the Chagos Archipelago (UK-administered British Indian Ocean Territory)
This page was last updated on 12 February, 2008

Africa 1997 (The World Today Series).

Africa 1997 (The World Today Series).

Africa 1997 (The World Today Series).

Africa 1997 (The World Today Series).

Africa 1997 (The World Today Series).

Africa 1997 (The World Today Series).

The number of Christians is 100% 100% (100% August Day Census) ~99%Catholic Church in Samoa 99% 98.3%American Samoa: Adherents Profile at the Association of Religion Data Archives 98.1% 98% (96% Roman Census) 98% (95% Greek Census) 97.2% Marshall Islands 97.2% 2006 Tonga Census 97% (~97% Roman Census) 96.9% (More Roman Census) 96.5% Peru (More Roman Census) 96.4% Salvador Adherents, 2010Kiribati 96% ~Micronesia 97.2% of the United States of Greek Census 97.2% 2006 Tonga Census 97.2% (~97% Roman Census) 96.9% (More Roman Census) 96.5% Peru (More Roman Census) 96.4%

"கிறித்தவர்களின்

பெரும்பாலும்

கத்தோலிக்கம்

கத்தோலிக்கம்

கத்தோலிக்கம்

பெரும்பாலும்

கத்தோலிக்கம்

பெரும்பாலும்

கத்தோலிக்கம்

பெரும்பாலும்

Catholic Church
in
Independent State of Samoa (Samoa)
Also known as: les Samoa (français), Samoa (Deutsch, español, Italiano, polski, Português, latine), 薩摩亞 (正體中文), サモア (日本語)
Formerly: Western Samoa
Area: 2,821 km²
Population: 200,108
Religions: Protestant 52.6% (Congregationalist 29%, Methodist 12.4%, Assembly of God 6.8%, Seventh Day Adventist 4.4%), Roman Catholic 18.8%, Mormon 16.9%, Worship Centre 2.8%, other Christian 6.3%, other Protestant 2.4%, other 2.4% (includes Baha'i, Muslim), none 0.2%
Languages: Samoan (Polynesian) (official) 91.1%, Somoan/English 6.7%, English (official) 0.5%, other 0.2%, unspecified 1.6%
Ethnic Groups: Samoan 97.4%, other 2.6%
Motto: Fa’avae i le Atua Samoa (Samoan) (God be the Foundation of Samoa)
Neighbouring Countries: ← Wallis and Futuna , ↖ Tuvalu , ↑ Tokelau , → American Samoa , ↓ Tonga
Jurisdictions (1): Metr. Archdioceses (1)
Roman Rite (1): Samoa–Apia
by Type | by Name | by Ecclesiastical Province
Changes in Jurisdictions | Former Jurisdictions
Cardinals: Past Cardinals
Bishops: by Age | by Name | by Precedence | Jubilarians | Recent Events
Special Churches: Cathedrals (1), Basilicas (1)
Apostolic Nunciature: Samoa
Conference of Bishops: Conferentia Episcopalis Pacifici (C.E. PAC.)
International Meeting of Bishops’ Conferences: Federation of Catholic Bishops’ Conferences of Oceania (F.C.B.C.O.)
as of 2022.08.06
© 2022 GCatholic.org

Question: according to the august day census, what percentage of samoa's christians are

Question: according to the august day census, what percentage of samoa is christian

Question: what percentage of tonga's population was roman in 2006

Question: according to the 2006 roman census, what was the population of peru

Question: according to the 2010 census, what percentage of tonga's population is catholic

% 2006 Tonga Census 97 % ( ~97 % ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்கம் ) 96.9 % ( பெரும்பாலும் ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்கம் ) 96.5%Peru

Question: what percentage of samoa's population is catholic

98.3%American Samoa : Adherents Profile at the Association of Religion Data Archives 98.1 % ( பெரும்பாலும் ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்கம் ) 98 % ( 96 % ரோமன் கத்தோலிக்கம் ) 98 % ( 95 % கிரேக ஒர்தோடக்ஸ் ) 97.2%Marshall Islands 97.2 % 2006 Tonga Census 97 % ( ~97 % ரோமன்

Question: what percentage of samoa's population is christians

The number of Christians is 100 % 100 % ( 100 % August Day Census ) ~99%Catholic Church in Samoa 99 % 98.3%American Samoa : Adherents Profile at the Association of Religion Data Archives 98.1 % 98 % ( 96 % Roman Census ) 98 % ( 95 % Greek Census ) 97.2 % Marshall Islands 97.2 % 2006 Tonga Census 97 % ( ~97 % Roman Census ) 96.9 % ( More Roman Census ) 96.5 % Peru ( More Roman Census ) 96.4 % Salvador Adherents , 2010Kiribati 96 % ~Micronesia 97.2 % of the United States of Greek Census 97.2 % 2006 Tonga Census 97.2 % ( ~97 % Roman Census ) 96.9 % ( More Roman Census ) 96.5 % Peru ( More Roman Census ) 96.4 %

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Introduction :: VENEZUELA
-
Venezuela was one of three countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others being Ecuador and New Granada, which became Colombia). For most of the first half of the 20th century, Venezuela was ruled by generally benevolent military strongmen, who promoted the oil industry and allowed for some social reforms. Democratically elected governments have held sway since 1959. Under Hugo CHAVEZ, president from 1999 to 2013, and his hand-picked successor, President Nicolas MADURO, the executive branch has exercised increasingly authoritarian control over other branches of government. At the same time, democratic institutions have deteriorated, threats to freedom of expression have increased, and political polarization has grown. The ruling party's economic policies have expanded the state's role in the economy through expropriations of major enterprises, strict currency exchange and price controls that discourage private sector investment and production, and overdependence on the petroleum industry for revenues, among others. Current concerns include: an increasingly politicized military, rampant violent crime, high inflation, and widespread shortages of basic consumer goods, medicine, and medical supplies. Venezuela assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2015-16 term.
Geography :: VENEZUELA
-
Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, between Colombia and Guyana
8 00 N, 66 00 W
South America
country comparison to the world: 33
almost six times the size of Georgia; slightly more than twice the size of California
Area comparison map:
border countries (3): Brazil 2,137 km, Colombia 2,341 km, Guyana 789 km
2,800 km
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands
Andes Mountains and Maracaibo Lowlands in northwest; central plains (llanos); Guiana Highlands in southeast
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point: Pico Bolivar 5,007 m
petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, bauxite, other minerals, hydropower, diamonds
arable land 3.1%; permanent crops 0.8%; permanent pasture 20.6%
10,550 sq km (2008)
1,233 cu km (2011)
total: 9.06 cu km/yr (23%/4%/74%)
per capita: 358.6 cu m/yr (2008)
subject to floods, rockslides, mudslides; periodic droughts
sewage pollution of Lago de Valencia; oil and urban pollution of Lago de Maracaibo; deforestation; soil degradation; urban and industrial pollution, especially along the Caribbean coast; threat to the rainforest ecosystem from irresponsible mining operations
party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed but not ratified:: none of the selected agreements
on major sea and air routes linking North and South America; Angel Falls in the Guiana Highlands is the world's highest waterfall
People and Society :: VENEZUELA
-
Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Arab, German, African, indigenous people
Spanish (official), numerous indigenous dialects
nominally Roman Catholic 96%, Protestant 2%, other 2%
Social investment in Venezuela during the CHAVEZ administration reduced poverty from nearly 50 % in 1999 to about 27 % in 2011, increased school enrollment, substantially decreased infant and child mortality, and improved access to potable water and sanitation through social investment. "Missions" dedicated to education, nutrition, healthcare, and sanitation were funded through petroleum revenues. The sustainability of this progress remains questionable, however, as the continuation of these social programs depends on the prosperity of Venezuela's oil industry. In the long-term, education and health care spending may increase economic growth and reduce income inequality, but rising costs and the staffing of new health care jobs with foreigners are slowing development.
While CHAVEZ was in power, more than one million predominantly middle- and upper-class Venezuelans are estimated to have emigrated. The brain drain is attributed to a repressive political system, lack of economic opportunities, steep inflation, a high crime rate, and corruption. Thousands of oil engineers emigrated to Canada, Colombia, and the United States following CHAVEZ's firing of over 20,000 employees of the state-owned petroleum company during a 2002-2003 oil strike. Additionally, thousands of Venezuelans of European descent have taken up residence in their ancestral homelands. Nevertheless, Venezuela continues to attract immigrants from South America and southern Europe because of its lenient migration policy and the availability of education and health care. Venezuela also has been a fairly accommodating host to more than 200,000 Colombian refugees.
29,275,460 (July 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 45
0-14 years: 27.76% (male 4,143,988/female 3,983,457)
15-24 years: 18.71% (male 2,754,818/female 2,724,039)
25-54 years: 39.7% (male 5,711,044/female 5,911,607)
55-64 years: 7.68% (male 1,067,661/female 1,180,276)
65 years and over: 6.14% (male 791,095/female 1,007,475) (2015 est.)
population pyramid:
total dependency ratio: 52.4%
youth dependency ratio: 42.8%
elderly dependency ratio: 9.5%
potential support ratio: 10.5% (2015 est.)
female: 27.9 years (2015 est.)
1.39% (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 85
19.16 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 90
5.31 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 179
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 79
urban population: 89% of total population (2015)
rate of urbanization: 1.54% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
CARACAS (capital) 2.916 million; Maracaibo 2.196 million; Valencia 1.734 million; Maracay 1.166 million; Barquisimeto 1.039 million (2015)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2015 est.)
95 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 79
total: 18.91 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 22.29 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 15.37 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 92
total population: 74.54 years
female: 77.83 years (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 116
2.32 children born/woman (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 91
3.6% of GDP (2013)
country comparison to the world: 151
0.9 beds/1,000 population (2011)
urban: 95% of population
rural: 77.9% of population
total: 93.1% of population
urban: 5% of population
rural: 22.1% of population
total: 6.9% of population (2015 est.)
urban: 97.5% of population
rural: 69.9% of population
total: 94.4% of population
urban: 2.5% of population
rural: 30.1% of population
total: 5.6% of population (2015 est.)
0.55% (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 61
106,900 (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 43
4,400 (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 33
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A
vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria (2013)
24.3% (2014)
country comparison to the world: 26
2.9% (2009)
country comparison to the world: 115
6.9% of GDP (2009)
country comparison to the world: 22
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
female: 96.2% (2015 est.)
percentage: 8% (2000 est.)
female: 22.6% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 70
Government :: VENEZUELA
-
conventional long form: Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
conventional short form: Venezuela
local long form: Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela
local short form: Venezuela
federal republic
geographic coordinates: 10 29 N, 66 52 W
time difference: UTC-4.5 (a half hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
23 states (estados, singular - estado), 1 capital district* (distrito capital), and 1 federal dependency** (dependencia federal); Amazonas, Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolivar, Carabobo, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Dependencias Federales (Federal Dependencies)**, Distrito Capital (Capital District)*, Falcon, Guarico, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Sucre, Tachira, Trujillo, Vargas, Yaracuy, Zulia
note: the federal dependency consists of 11 federally controlled island groups with a total of 72 individual islands
5 July 1811 (from Spain)
Independence Day, 5 July (1811)
many previous; latest adopted 15 December 1999, effective 30 December 1999; amended 2009 (2015)
civil law system based on the Spanish civil code
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCT jurisdiction
birthright citizenship: yes
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization:
18 years of age; universal
chief of state: President Nicolas MADURO Moros (since 19 April 2013); Executive Vice President Jorge Alberto ARREAZA Montserrat (since 19 April 2013); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Nicolas MADURO Moros (since 19 April 2013); Executive Vice President Jorge Alberto ARREAZA Montserrat (since 19 April 2013)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
elections/appointments: president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 6-year term (no term limits); election last held on 14 April 2013 - a special election held following the death of President Hugo CHAVEZ Frias on 5 March 2013 (next election expected in late 2018 or early 2019 pending official convocation by the country's electoral body)
election results: Nicolas MADURO Moros elected president; percent of vote - Nicolas MADURO Moros (PSUV) 50.6%, Henrique CAPRILES Radonski (PJ) 49.1%, other 0.3%
description: unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional (as of 23 April 2015, 165 seats; 110 members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 52 directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote, and 3 seats reserved for indigenous peoples of Venezuela; members serve 5-year terms)
elections: last held on 26 September 2010 (next expected to be held on 6 December 2015)
election results: percent of vote by party - pro-government 48.9%, opposition coalition 47.9%, other 3.2%; seats by party - pro-government 99, opposition 65, other 1
highest court(s): Supreme Tribunal of Justice (consists of 32 judges organized into 6 divisions - constitutional, political administrative, electoral, civil appeals, criminal appeals, and social (mainly agrarian and labor issues)
judge selection and term of office: judges proposed by the Committee of Judicial Postulation (an independent body of organizations dealing with legal issues and of the organs of citizen power) and appointed by the National Assembly; judges serve non-renewable 12-year terms
subordinate courts: Superior or Appeals Courts (Tribunales Superiores); District Tribunals (Tribunales de Distrito); Courts of First Instance (Tribunales de Primera Instancia); Parish Courts (Tribunales de Parroquia); Justices of the Peace (Justicia de Paz) Network
A New Time or UNT [Enrique MARQUEZ]
Brave People's Alliance or ABP [Richard BLANCO]
Christian Democrats or COPEI [Roberto ENRIQUEZ]
Coalition of opposition parties -- The Democratic Unity Table or MUD [Jesus "Chuo" TORREALBA]
Communist Party of Venezuela or PCV [Oscar FIGUERA]
Democratic Action or AD [Henry RAMOS ALLUP]
Fatherland for All or PPT [Rafael UZCATEGUI]
For Social Democracy or PODEMOS [Didalco Antonio BOLIVAR GRATEROL]
Justice First or PJ [Julio BORGES]
Movement Toward Socialism or MAS [Segundo MELENDEZ]
Popular Will or VP [Leopoldo LOPEZ]
Progressive Wave or AP [Henri FALCON]
The Radical Cause or La Causa R [Americo DE GRAZIA]
United Socialist Party of Venezuela or PSUV [Nicolas MADURO]
Venezuelan Progressive Movement or MPV [Simon CALZADILLA]
Venezuela Project or PV [Henrique Fernando SALAS FEO]
Bolivarian and Socialist Workers' Union (a ruling-party-oriented organized labor union)
Confederacion Venezolana de Industriales or Coindustria (a conservative business group)
Consejos Comunales (pro-government local communal councils)
Federation of Chambers and Associations of Commerce and Production of Venezuela or FEDECAMARAS (a conservative business group)
Union of Oil Workers of Venezuela or FUTPV
Venezuelan Confederation of Workers or CTV (opposition-oriented labor organization)
other: various civil society groups and human rights organizations
Caricom (observer), CD, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, LAS (observer), Mercosur, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, Petrocaribe, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Maximilien SANCHEZ Arvelaiz (since July 2014)
chancery: 1099 30th Street NW, Washington, DC 20007
telephone: [1] (202) 342-2214
consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Houston, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, San Juan (Puerto Rico)
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Lee MCCLENNY (July 2014)
embassy: Calle F con Calle Suapure, Urbanizacion Colinas de Valle Arriba, Caracas 1080
mailing address: P. O. Box 62291, Caracas 1060-A; APO AA 34037
telephone: [58] (212) 975-6411, 907-8400 (after hours)
three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), blue, and red with the coat of arms on the hoist side of the yellow band and an arc of eight white five-pointed stars centered in the blue band; the flag retains the three equal horizontal bands and three main colors of the banner of Gran Colombia, the South American republic that broke up in 1830; yellow is interpreted as standing for the riches of the land, blue for the courage of its people, and red for the blood shed in attaining independence; the seven stars on the original flag represented the seven provinces in Venezuela that united in the war of independence; in 2006, then President Hugo CHAVEZ ordered an eighth star added to the star arc - a decision that sparked much controversy - to conform with the flag proclaimed by Simon Bolivar in 1827 and to represent the historic province of Guayana
troupial (bird); national colors: yellow, blue, red
name: "Gloria al bravo pueblo" (Glory to the Brave People)
lyrics/music: Vicente SALIAS/Juan Jose LANDAETA
note: adopted 1881; lyrics written in 1810, the music some years later; both SALIAS and LANDAETA were executed in 1814 during Venezuela's struggle for independence
Economy :: VENEZUELA
-
Venezuela remains highly dependent on oil revenues, which account for roughly 96% of export earnings, about 40% of government revenues, and 11% of GDP. The country ended 2014 with an estimated 4% contraction in its GDP, 68.4% inflation, widespread shortages of consumer goods, and declining central bank international reserves. The International Monetary Fund forecasts that the GDP will shrink another 7% in 2015 and inflation may reach 80%. Under President Nicolas MADURO, the Venezuelan government’s response to the economic crisis has been to increase state control over the economy and blame the private sector for the shortages. The Venezuelan government has maintained strict currency controls since 2003. Currently, three official currency exchange mechanisms are in place for the sale of dollars to private sector firms and individuals, with rates based on the government's import priorities. These currency controls present significant obstacles to trade with Venezuela because importers cannot obtain sufficient dollars to purchase goods needed to maintain their operations. MADURO has used decree powers to enact legislation to deepen the state’s role as the primary buyer and marketer of imports, further tighten currency controls, cap business profits, and extend price controls. Falling oil prices since 2014 have aggravated Venezuela’s economic crisis. Insufficient access to dollars, price controls, and rigid labor regulations have led some US and multinational firms to reduce or shut down their Venezuelan operations. High costs for oil production and state oil company PDVSA’s poor cash flow have slowed investment in the petroleum sector, resulting in a decline in oil production.
$540.9 billion (2014 est.)
$563.4 billion (2013 est.)
$556 billion (2012 est.)
note: data are in 2014 US dollars
country comparison to the world: 35
$206.3 billion (2014 est.)
-4% (2014 est.)
1.3% (2013 est.)
5.6% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 219
$17,800 (2014 est.)
$18,500 (2013 est.)
$18,300 (2012 est.)
note: data are in 2014 US dollars
country comparison to the world: 95
21.2% of GDP (2014 est.)
22.4% of GDP (2013 est.)
29.5% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 75
household consumption: 65.8%
government consumption: 15.9%
investment in fixed capital: 12.6%
investment in inventories: 4.4%
exports of goods and services: 15.9%
imports of goods and services: -14.6%
(2014 est.)
services: 63% (2014 est.)
corn, sorghum, sugarcane, rice, bananas, vegetables, coffee; beef, pork, milk, eggs; fish
agricultural products, livestock, raw materials, machinery and equipment, transport equipment, construction materials, medical equipment, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, iron and steel products, crude oil and petroleum products
-6.5% (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 192
14.18 million (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 41
services: 70.9% (4th quarter, 2011 est.)
7% (2014 est.)
7.5% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 79
31.6% (2011 est.)
highest 10%: 32.7% (2006)
39 (2011)
49.5 (1998)
country comparison to the world: 67
expenditures: $206.9 billion (2014 est.)
68% of GDP (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 4
-32.3% of GDP (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 216
52.4% of GDP (2014 est.)
50.5% of GDP (2013 est.)
note: data cover central government debt, as well as the debt of state-owned oil company PDVSA; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include some debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; some debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions
country comparison to the world: 67
calendar year
62.2% (2014 est.)
40.6% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 225
29.5% (31 December 2010)
29.5% (31 December 2009)
country comparison to the world: 1
17.2% (31 December 2014 est.)
15.9% (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 23
$314.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$192.3 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 15
$360 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$196 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 28
$337 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$196.4 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 35
$25.3 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
$5.143 billion (31 December 2011)
$3.991 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 61
$10.89 billion (2014 est.)
$5.327 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 25
$74.88 billion (2014 est.)
$88.96 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 48
petroleum and petroleum products, bauxite and aluminum, minerals, chemicals, agricultural products
US 34.6%, India 15.1%, China 12.9%, Cuba 5.3%, Singapore 4.8% (2014)
$44.17 billion (2014 est.)
$52.99 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 56
agricultural products, livestock, raw materials, machinery and equipment, transport equipment, construction materials, medical equipment, petroleum products, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, iron and steel products
US 24.2%, China 12.1%, Brazil 9.9%, Colombia 4.3%, Argentina 4.1% (2014)
$22.09 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$21.48 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 57
$109.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$118.8 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 35
$58.44 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$57.74 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 54
$27.74 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$24.89 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 50
bolivars (VEB) per US dollar -
6.284 (2014 est.)
6.284 (2013 est.)
4.29 (2012 est.)
4.289 (2011 est.)
2.5821 (2010 est.)
Energy :: VENEZUELA
-
123 billion kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 31
97.69 billion kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 33
705 million kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 59
478 million kWh (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 74
26.31 million kW (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 33
44.3% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 161
0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 203
55.6% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 42
0.1% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 120
2.5 million bbl/day (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 10
1.358 million bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 10
0 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 143
298.4 billion bbl (1 January 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 1
1.036 million bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 22
746,000 bbl/day (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 27
463,500 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 15
36,760 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 88
21.88 billion cu m (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 29
23.72 billion cu m (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 33
0 cu m (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 204
1.839 billion cu m (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 51
5.562 trillion cu m (1 January 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 8
184.8 million Mt (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 33
Communications :: VENEZUELA
-
total subscriptions: 7.81 million
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 27 (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 23
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 106 (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 40
general assessment: modern and expanding
domestic: 2 domestic satellite systems with 3 earth stations; recent substantial improvement in telephone service in rural areas; substantial increase in digitalization of exchanges and trunk lines; installation of a national interurban fiber-optic network capable of digital multimedia services; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular telephone subscribership 130 per 100 persons
international: country code - 58; submarine cable systems provide connectivity to Cuba and the Caribbean, Central and South America, and US; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 PanAmSat; participating with Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia in the construction of an international fiber-optic network (2013)
government supervises a mixture of state-run and private broadcast media; 13 public service networks, 61 privately owned TV networks, a privately owned news channel with limited national coverage, and a government-backed Pan-American channel; state-run radio network includes roughly 65 news stations and another 30 stations targeted at specific audiences; state-sponsored community broadcasters include 235 radio stations and 44 TV stations; the number of private broadcast radio stations has been declining, but many still remain in operation (2014)
AM 46, FM 131, shortwave 3 (2008)
66 (plus 45 repeaters) (1997)
.ve
percent of population: 47.2% (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 37
Transportation :: VENEZUELA
-
444 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 19
130 (2013)
3 (2013)
extra heavy crude 981 km; gas 5,941 km; oil 7,588 km; refined products 1,778 km (2013)
standard gauge: 447 km 1.435-m gauge (41.4 km electrified) (2014)
country comparison to the world: 98
country comparison to the world: 48
7,100 km (Orinoco River (400 km) and Lake de Maracaibo navigable by oceangoing vessels) (2011)
country comparison to the world: 20
by type: bulk carrier 4, cargo 12, chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas 5, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 14, petroleum tanker 16
foreign-owned: 9 (Denmark 1, Estonia 1, Germany 1, Greece 4, Mexico 1, Spain 1)
registered in other countries: 14 (Panama 13, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1) (2010)
country comparison to the world: 69
major seaport(s): La Guaira, Maracaibo, Puerto Cabello, Punta Cardon
oil terminals: Jose terminal
the International Maritime Bureau continues to report the territorial and offshore waters in the Caribbean Sea as at risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; numerous vessels, including commercial shipping and pleasure craft, have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; crews have been robbed and stores or cargoes stolen
Military :: VENEZUELA
-
Bolivarian National Armed Forces (Fuerza Armada Nacional Bolivariana, FANB): Bolivarian Army (Ejercito Bolivariano, EB), Bolivarian Navy (Armada Bolivariana, AB; includes Naval Infantry, Coast Guard, Naval Aviation), Bolivarian Military Aviation (Aviacion Militar Bolivariana, AMB; includes Air National Guard), Bolivarian National Guard (Guardia Nacional Bolivaria, GNB) (2015)
18-30 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; 30-month conscript service obligation; Navy requires 6th-grade education for enlisted personnel; all citizens of military service age (18-60 years old) are obligated to register for military service (2012)
males age 16-49: 7,013,854
females age 16-49: 7,165,661 (2010 est.)
males age 16-49: 5,614,743
females age 16-49: 6,074,834 (2010 est.)
female: 273,353 (2010 est.)
2.6% of GDP (2013)
2.5% of GDP (2012)
1.8% of GDP (2011)
country comparison to the world: 98
Transnational Issues :: VENEZUELA
-
claims all of the area west of the Essequibo River in Guyana, preventing any discussion of a maritime boundary; Guyana has expressed its intention to join Barbados in asserting claims before the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea that Trinidad and Tobago's maritime boundary with Venezuela extends into their waters; dispute with Colombia over maritime boundary and Venezuelan administered Los Monjes islands near the Gulf of Venezuela; Colombian organized illegal narcotics and paramilitary activities penetrate Venezuela's shared border region; US, France, and the Netherlands recognize Venezuela's granting full effect to Aves Island, thereby claiming a Venezuelan Economic Exclusion Zone/continental shelf extending over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea; Dominica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines protest Venezuela's full effect claim
refugees (country of origin): 173,519 (Colombia) (2014)
stateless persons: 11,000 (2014)
current situation: Venezuela is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to sex trafficking and forced labor; Venezuelan women and girls are trafficked within the country for sexual exploitation, often lured from the nation's interior to urban and tourist areas with false job offers; women from Colombia, Peru, Haiti, China, and South Africa are also reported to have been sexually exploited in Venezuela; some Venezuelan women are transported to Caribbean islands, particularly Aruba, Curacao, and Trinidad and Tobago, where they are subjected to forced prostitution; some Venezuelan children are forced to beg on the streets or to work as domestic servants, while Ecuadorian children, often from indigenous communities, are subjected to forced labor
tier rating: Tier 3 – Venezuela does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; the government did not publically document progress on human trafficking investigations, prosecutions, and convictions or victim identification and assistance in 2013, making it difficult to assess the scope or efficacy of these efforts; victim services appeared to remain inadequate, and the extent of efforts to investigate internal forced labor or to help children in prostitution was unclear; authorities provided limited funding to some NGOs providing victim services; public service announcements and an awareness campaign on human trafficking continued; anti-trafficking legislation drafted in 2010 remained unapproved (2014)
small-scale illicit producer of opium and coca for the processing of opiates and coca derivatives; however, large quantities of cocaine, heroin, and marijuana transit the country from Colombia bound for US and Europe; significant narcotics-related money-laundering activity, especially along the border with Colombia and on Margarita Island; active eradication program primarily targeting opium; increasing signs of drug-related activities by Colombian insurgents on border

Statistics by Country
- American Samoa (AS)
- Cook Islands (CK)
- Federated States of Micronesia (FM)
- Fiji (Republic of) (FJ)
- French Polynesia (PF)
- Guam (GU)
- Kiribati (KI)
- Mariana Islands (CNMI) (MP)
- Marshall Islands (Republic of) (MH)
- Nauru (NR)
- New Caledonia (NC)
- Niue (NU)
- Palau (PW)
- Papua New Guinea (PG)
- Pitcairn Islands (PN)
- Samoa (WS)
- Solomon Islands (SB)
- Tokelau (TK)
- Tonga (TO)
- Tuvalu (TV)
- Vanuatu (Republic of) (VU)
- Wallis and Futuna (WF)
Upcoming Events
Oct 10
Online
Workshop
Oct
10-14
Honiara, Solomon Island
Workshop
Oct
17-18
Auckland, New Zealand
Meeting
Oct 18
Online
Workshop

Preface, Introduction, and Executive Summary
Preface
Introduction
Executive Summary
Africa
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
Congo, Republic of the
Cote d'Ivoire
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Sao Tome and Principe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
East Asia and Pacific
Australia
Brunei
Burma
Cambodia
China (includes Hong Kong, Macau, and Tibet)
China (includes Taiwan only)
East Timor
Fiji
Indonesia
Japan
Kiribati
Korea, Democratic People's Republic of
Korea, Republic of
Laos
Malaysia
Marshall Islands
Micronesia, Federated States of
Mongolia
Nauru
New Zealand
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Philippines
Samoa
Singapore
Solomon Islands
Thailand
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Vietnam
Europe and Eurasia
Albania
Andorra
Armenia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Belgium
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Georgia
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macedonia
Malta
Moldova
Monaco
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia
San Marino
Serbia and Montenegro (includes Kosovo)
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Near East and North Africa
Algeria
Bahrain
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel and the Occupied Territories
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Morocco (includes Western Sahara)
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Syria
Tunisia
United Arab Emirates
Yemen
South and Central Asia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Maldives
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Western Hemisphere
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Bolivia
Brazil
Canada
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
El Salvador
Grenada
Guatemala
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Suriname
Trinidad and Tobago
Uruguay
Venezuela
Appendices
Appendix A: Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Appendix B: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and The Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief
Appendix C: Training at the Foreign Service Institute Related to the International Religious Freedom Act
Appendix D: Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the International Religious Freedom Act (IRFA)
Appendix E: Overview of U.S. Refugee Policy

Philippines still top Christian country in Asia, 5th in world
The Philippines remains to be the bastion of Christianity in Asia with 86.8 million Filipinos—or 93 percent of a total population of 93.3 million—adhering to the teachings of Jesus Christ, a recent study by the US-based Pew Research Center has found.
Using the 2010 population figures of over 200 countries, the nonpartisan data center conducted its “Global Christianity” study produced by its Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life unit to determine the size and breadth of the world’s Christian population.
The study released Monday put the total number of Christians worldwide at 2.18 billion—almost a third—of the estimated global population of 6.9 billion.
Apart from being number one in Asia, the Philippines ranks fifth in the world, hosting four percent of those 2.18-billion Christians, the report said.
Of the Filipino Christians, 81 percent are Catholic, 11 percent Protestant and one percent belong to other Christian groups. The remaining seven percent of the Philippine population are non-Christian, Pew noted.
The largest number of Christians reside in the United States with 246.8 million or 11.3 percent of the total Christian population of the world. It is followed by Brazil (175.8 million), Mexico (107.8 million) and Russia (105.2 million).
Following the Philippines are Nigeria (80.5 million), China (67 million), Democratic Republic of Congo (63.2 million), Germany (58.2 million) and Ethiopia (52.6 million).
“The number of Christians around the world has nearly quadrupled in the last 100 years, from 600 million in 1910,” Pew noted.
“But the world’s overall population also has risen rapidly from an estimated 1.8 billion in 1910 to 6.9 billion in 2010. As a result, Christians make up about the same proportion of the world population today (32 percent) as they did a century ago (35 percent),” Pew noted.
In Asia, following the Philippines are China (67.1 million), India (31.9 million), Indonesia (21.2 million) and Australia (16 million).
By region, the bulk of Christians reside in the Americas (36.8 percent), followed by Europe (25.9 percent), sub-Saharan Africa (23.6 percent), Asia Pacific (13.1 percent) and Middle East-North Africa (0.6 percent).
Highlighting a “momentous shift” in the world’s Christian population, Pew noted that although Europe and the Americas still held a majority of the world’s Christians (63 percent), the 1910 figure was much higher (93 percent).
Pew noted that Christianity had “grown enormously” in sub-Saharan Africa and the Asia-Pacific region, as their Christian populations climbed from nine percent in 1910 to 63 percent in 2010 in the former, and from three percent to seven percent in the latter.
“Christianity today, unlike a century ago, is truly a global faith,” Pew said. Lawrence de Guzman, Inquirer Research; AFP
Subscribe to INQUIRER PLUS to get access to The Philippine Daily Inquirer & other 70+ titles, share up to 5 gadgets, listen to the news, download as early as 4am & share articles on social media. Call 896 6000.

The number of Muslims is 100 % (90–95 % sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny

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Introduction :: AFGHANISTAN
-
Ahmad Shah DURRANI unified the Pashtun tribes and founded Afghanistan in 1747. The country served as a buffer between the British and Russian Empires until it won independence from notional British control in 1919. A brief experiment in democracy ended in a 1973 coup and a 1978 communist countercoup. The Soviet Union invaded in 1979 to support the tottering Afghan communist regime, touching off a long and destructive war. The USSR withdrew in 1989 under relentless pressure by internationally supported anti-communist mujahidin rebels. A series of subsequent civil wars saw Kabul finally fall in 1996 to the Taliban, a hardline Pakistani-sponsored movement that emerged in 1994 to end the country's civil war and anarchy. Following the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks, a US, Allied, and anti-Taliban Northern Alliance military action toppled the Taliban for sheltering Usama BIN LADIN.
A UN-sponsored Bonn Conference in 2001 established a process for political reconstruction that included the adoption of a new constitution, a presidential election in 2004, and National Assembly elections in 2005. In December 2004, Hamid KARZAI became the first democratically elected president of Afghanistan and the National Assembly was inaugurated the following December. KARZAI was reelected in August 2009 for a second term. The 2014 presidential election was the country's first to include a runoff, which featured the top two vote-getters from the first round, Abdullah ABDULLAH and Ashraf GHANI. Throughout the summer of 2014, their campaigns disputed the results and traded accusations of fraud, leading to a US-led diplomatic intervention that included a full vote audit as well as political negotiations between the two camps. In September 2014, GHANI and ABDULLAH agreed to form the Government of National Unity, with GHANI inaugurated as President and ABDULLAH elevated to the newly-created position of Chief Executive Officer. The day after the inauguration, the GHANI administration signed the US-Afghan Bilateral Security Agreement and NATO Status of Forces Agreement, which provide the legal basis for the post-2014 international military presence in Afghanistan.
Despite gains toward building a stable central government, the Taliban remains a serious challenge for the Afghan Government in almost every province. The Taliban still considers itself the rightful government of Afghanistan and it remains a capable and confident insurgent force despite reports in 2015 that its founder and spiritual leader, Mullah Mohammad OMAR, probably died in 2013.
Geography :: AFGHANISTAN
-
Southern Asia, north and west of Pakistan, east of Iran
33 00 N, 65 00 E
Asia
country comparison to the world: 41
almost six time the size of Virginia; slightly smaller than Texas
Area comparison map:
border countries (6): China 91 km, Iran 921 km, Pakistan 2,670 km, Tajikistan 1,357 km, Turkmenistan 804 km, Uzbekistan 144 km
0 km (landlocked)
none (landlocked)
arid to semiarid; cold winters and hot summers
mostly rugged mountains; plains in north and southwest
elevation extremes: lowest point: Amu Darya 258 m
highest point: Noshak 7,485 m
natural gas, petroleum, coal, copper, chromite, talc, barites, sulfur, lead, zinc, iron ore, salt, precious and semiprecious stones, arable land
arable land 11.9%; permanent crops 0.2%; permanent pasture 46%
32,080 sq km (2012)
65.33 cu km (2011)
total: 20.28 cu km/yr (1%/1%/98%)
per capita: 823.1 cu m/yr (2005)
damaging earthquakes occur in Hindu Kush mountains; flooding; droughts
limited natural freshwater resources; inadequate supplies of potable water; soil degradation; overgrazing; deforestation (much of the remaining forests are being cut down for fuel and building materials); desertification; air and water pollution
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation
landlocked; the Hindu Kush mountains that run northeast to southwest divide the northern provinces from the rest of the country; the highest peaks are in the northern Vakhan (Wakhan Corridor)
People and Society :: AFGHANISTAN
-
Pashtun, Tajik, Hazara, Uzbek, other (includes smaller numbers of Baloch, Turkmen, Nuristani, Pamiri, Arab, Gujar, Brahui, Qizilbash, Aimaq, Pashai, and Kyrghyz)
note: current statistical data on the sensitive subject of ethnicity in Afghanistan is not available, and ethnicity data from small samples of respondents to opinion polls are not a reliable alternative; Afghanistan's 2004 constitution recognizes 14 ethnic groups: Pashtun, Tajik, Hazara, Uzbek, Baloch, Turkmen, Nuristani, Pamiri, Arab, Gujar, Brahui, Qizilbash, Aimaq, and Pashai (2015)
Afghan Persian or Dari (official) 50%, Pashto (official) 35%, Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen) 11%, 30 minor languages (primarily Balochi and Pashai) 4%, much bilingualism, but Dari functions as the lingua franca
note: the Turkic languages Uzbek and Turkmen, as well as Balochi, Pashai, Nuristani, and Pamiri are the third official languages in areas where the majority speaks them
Muslim 99.7% (Sunni 84.7 - 89.7%, Shia 10 - 15%), other 0.3% (2009 est.)
32,564,342 (July 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 41
0-14 years: 41.47% (male 6,861,021/female 6,644,780)
15-24 years: 22.41% (male 3,716,738/female 3,579,701)
25-54 years: 29.69% (male 4,928,181/female 4,741,601)
55-64 years: 3.88% (male 621,970/female 641,307)
65 years and over: 2.55% (male 384,267/female 444,776) (2015 est.)
population pyramid:
total dependency ratio: 87%
youth dependency ratio: 82.3%
elderly dependency ratio: 4.6%
potential support ratio: 21.7% (2015 est.)
female: 18.4 years (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 209
2.32% (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 34
38.57 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 11
13.89 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 9
-1.51 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 156
urban population: 26.7% of total population (2015)
rate of urbanization: 3.96% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
KABUL (capital) 4.635 million (2015)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female
total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2015 est.)
20.1
note: median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2010 est.)
396 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 22
total: 115.08 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 122.64 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 107.15 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 1
total population: 50.87 years
female: 52.29 years (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 222
5.33 children born/woman (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 10
21.2% (2010/11)
8.1% of GDP (2013)
country comparison to the world: 46
0.27 physicians/1,000 population (2013)
0.5 beds/1,000 population (2012)
urban: 78.2% of population
rural: 47% of population
total: 55.3% of population
urban: 21.8% of population
rural: 53% of population
total: 44.7% of population (2015 est.)
urban: 45.1% of population
rural: 27% of population
total: 31.9% of population
urban: 54.9% of population
rural: 73% of population
total: 68.1% of population (2015 est.)
0.04% (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 122
6,700 (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 105
300 (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 97
degree of risk: intermediate
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease: malaria
animal contact disease: rabies
note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)
2.4% (2014)
country comparison to the world: 182
NA
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
female: 24.2% (2015 est.)
note: data on child labor in Afghanistan is uncertain and may be higher than the estimated 25.3% of children ages 5-14 derived from 2010-11 survey results; UNICEF estimated that 30% of children ages 5-14 in 2011 were engaged in child labor (2010/11 est.)
Government :: AFGHANISTAN
-
conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
conventional short form: Afghanistan
local long form: Jamhuri-ye Islami-ye Afghanistan
local short form: Afghanistan
former: Republic of Afghanistan
etymology: the name "Afghan" originally refered to the Pashtun people (today it is understood to include all the country's ethnic groups), while the suffix "-stan" means "place of" or "country"; so Afghanistan literally means the "Land of the Afghans"
presidential Islamic republic
geographic coordinates: 34 31 N, 69 11 E
time difference: UTC+4.5 (9.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
34 provinces (welayat, singular - welayat); Badakhshan, Badghis, Baghlan, Balkh, Bamyan, Daykundi, Farah, Faryab, Ghazni, Ghor, Helmand, Herat, Jowzjan, Kabul, Kandahar, Kapisa, Khost, Kunar, Kunduz, Laghman, Logar, Nangarhar, Nimroz, Nuristan, Paktika, Paktiya, Panjshir, Parwan, Samangan, Sar-e Pul, Takhar, Uruzgan, Wardak, Zabul
19 August 1919 (from UK control over Afghan foreign affairs)
Independence Day, 19 August (1919)
several previous; latest drafted 14 December 2003 - 4 January 2004, signed 16 January 2004, ratified 26 January 2004 (2016)
mixed legal system of civil, customary, and Islamic law
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must have been born in - and continuously lived in - Afghanistan
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
18 years of age; universal
chief of state: President of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Ashraf GHANI Ahmadzai (since 29 September 2014); CEO Abdullah ABDULLAH (since 29 September 2014); First Vice President Abdul Rashid DOSTAM (since 29 September 2014); Second Vice President Sarwar DANESH (since 29 September 2014); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
head of government: President of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Ashraf GHANI Ahmadzai (since 29 September 2014 ); CEO Abdullah ABDULLAH (since 29 September 2014); First Vice President Abdul Rashid DOSTAM (since 29 September 2014 ); Second Vice President Sarwar DANESH (since 29 September 2014)
cabinet: Cabinet consists of 25 ministers appointed by the president, approved by the National Assembly
elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held in 2 rounds on 5 April and 14 June 2014 (next to be held in 2019)
election results: percent of vote in first round - Abdullah ABDULLAH (National Coalition of Afghanistan) 45%, Ashraf GHANI (independent) 31.6%, Zalmai RASSOUL 11.4%, other 12%; percent of vote in second round - Ashraf GHANI 56.4%, Abdullah ABDULLAH 43.6%
description: bicameral National Assembly consists of the Meshrano Jirga or House of Elders (102 seats; 34 members indirectly elected by district councils to serve 3-year terms, 34 indirectly elected by provincial councils to serve 4-year terms, and 34 nominated by the president of which 17 must be women, 2 must represent the disabled, and 2 must be Kuchi nomads; members serve 5-year terms) and the Wolesi Jirga or House of People (no more than 250 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)
note: the constitution allows the government to convene a constitutional Loya Jirga (Grand Council) on issues of independence, national sovereignty, and territorial integrity; it can amend the provisions of the constitution and prosecute the president; it is made up of members of the National Assembly and chairpersons of the provincial and district councils; no Loya Jirga of this type has ever been held, and district councils have never been elected
elections: last held on 18 September 2010 (next to be held on 15 October 2016)
election results: results by party - NA; note - ethnicity is the main factor influencing political alliances; approximate percentage of seats by ethnic group - Pashtun 39%, Hazara 24%, Tajik 21%, Uzbek 6%, other 10% (including Aimak, Arab, Baloch, Nuristani, Pahhai, Turkmen, Turkic); women hold 69 seats
highest court(s): Supreme Court or Stera Mahkama (consists of the Supreme Court Chief and 8 justices organized into criminal, public security, civil, and commercial divisions or dewans)
judge selection and term of office: court chief and justices appointed by the president with the approval of the Wolesi Jirga; court chief and justices serve single 10-year terms
subordinate courts: Appeals Courts; Primary Courts; Special Courts for issues including narcotics, security, property, family, and juveniles
note - the Ministry of Justice licensed 84 political parties as of December 2012
other: religious groups, tribal leaders, ethnically based groups, Taliban
ADB, CP, ECO, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, NATO (pending), OIC, OPCW, OSCE (partner), SAARC, SACEP, SCO (dialogue member), SICA (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
chief of mission: Ambassador Hamdullah MOHIB (since 17 September 2015)
chancery: 2341 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 483-6410
consulate(s) general: Los Angeles, New York, Washington, DC
chief of mission: Ambassador P. Michael MCKINLEY (since 22 December 2014)
embassy: The Great Masood Road, Kabul
mailing address: U.S. Embassy Kabul, APO, AE 09806
telephone: [00 93] 0700 108 001
FAX: [00 93] 0700 108 564
three equal vertical bands of black (hoist side), red, and green, with the national emblem in white centered on the red band and slightly overlapping the other two bands; the center of the emblem features a mosque with pulpit and flags on either side, below the mosque are numerals for the solar year 1298 (1919 in the Gregorian calendar, the year of Afghan independence from the UK); this central image is circled by a border consisting of sheaves of wheat on the left and right, in the upper-center is an Arabic inscription of the Shahada (Muslim creed) below which are rays of the rising sun over the Takbir (Arabic expression meaning "God is great"), and at bottom center is a scroll bearing the name Afghanistan; black signifies the past, red is for the blood shed for independence, and green can represent either hope for the future, agricultural prosperity, or Islam
note: Afghanistan had more changes to its national flag in the 20th century than any other country; the colors black, red, and green appeared on most of them
lion; national colors: red, green, black
name: "Milli Surood" (National Anthem)
lyrics/music: Abdul Bari JAHANI/Babrak WASA
note: adopted 2006; the 2004 constitution of the post-Taliban government mandated that a new national anthem should be written containing the phrase "Allahu Akbar" (God is Greatest) and mentioning the names of Afghanistan's ethnic groups
Economy :: AFGHANISTAN
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Afghanistan's economy is recovering from decades of conflict. The economy has improved significantly since the fall of the Taliban regime in 2001 largely because of the infusion of international assistance, the recovery of the agricultural sector, and service sector growth. Despite the progress of the past few years, Afghanistan is extremely poor, landlocked, and highly dependent on foreign aid. Much of the population continues to suffer from shortages of housing, clean water, electricity, medical care, and jobs. Criminality, insecurity, weak governance, lack of infrastructure, and the Afghan Government's difficulty in extending rule of law to all parts of the country pose challenges to future economic growth. Afghanistan's living standards are among the lowest in the world.
The international community remains committed to Afghanistan's development, pledging over $67 billion at nine donors' conferences between 2003 and 2010. In July 2012, the donors at the Tokyo conference pledged an additional $16 billion in civilian aid through 2015. Despite this help, the Government of Afghanistan will need to overcome a number of challenges, including low revenue collection, anemic job creation, high levels of corruption, weak government capacity, and poor public infrastructure.
Afghanistan's growth rate slowed markedly in 2014-15. The drawdown of international security forces that started in 2014 has negatively affected economic growth, as a substantial portion of commerce, especially in the services sector, has catered to the ongoing international troop presence in the country. Afghan President Ashraf GHANI Ahmadzai is dedicated to instituting economic reforms to include improving revenue collection and fighting corruption. However, the reforms will take time to implement and Afghanistan will remain dependent on international donor support over the next several years.
$62.32 billion (2015 est.)
$61.53 billion (2014 est.)
$59.46 billion (2013 est.)
note: data are in 2015 US dollars
country comparison to the world: 104
$20.84 billion (2014 est.)
1.5% (2015 est.)
1.3% (2014 est.)
3.9% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 156
$1,900 (2015 est.)
$2,000 (2014 est.)
$2,000 (2013 est.)
note: data are in 2015 US dollars
country comparison to the world: 206
23.9% of GDP (2015 est.)
29.2% of GDP (2014 est.)
30.4% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 56
household consumption: 108.7%
government consumption: 12.8%
investment in fixed capital: 15.8%
investment in inventories: 0%
exports of goods and services: 6.5%
imports of goods and services: -43.9% (2014 est.)
note: data exclude opium production (2014 est.)
opium, wheat, fruits, nuts; wool, mutton, sheepskins, lambskins
small-scale production of bricks, textiles, soap, furniture, shoes, fertilizer, apparel, food products, non-alcoholic beverages, mineral water, cement; handwoven carpets; natural gas, coal, copper
1.2% (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 138
7.983 million (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 60
services: 15.7% (FY08/09 est.)
35% (2008 est.)
40% (2005 est.)
country comparison to the world: 191
35.8% (2011 est.)
expenditures: $6.639 billion (2015 est.)
8.2% of GDP (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 212
-23.7% of GDP (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 217
21 December - 20 December
-1.5% (2015 est.)
4.7% (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 7
15% (31 December 2014 est.)
15.08% (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 41
$6.644 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$6.192 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 91
$6.945 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$6.544 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 119
$-454 million (31 December 2014 est.)
$-767.8 million (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 190
$NA
$872 million (2015 est.)
$1.604 billion (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 40
$2.679 billion (2013 est.)
$2.785 billion (2012 est.)
note: not including illicit exports or reexports
country comparison to the world: 131
opium, fruits and nuts, handwoven carpets, wool, cotton, hides and pelts, precious and semi-precious gems
India 42.2%, Pakistan 28.9%, Tajikistan 7.6% (2015)
$12.19 billion (2013 est.)
$11.66 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 92
machinery and other capital goods, food, textiles, petroleum products
Pakistan 38.6%, India 8.9%, US 8.3%, Turkmenistan 6.2%, China 6%, Kazakhstan 5.9%, Azerbaijan 4.9% (2015)
$6.681 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$6.443 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 89
$1.28 billion (FY10/11)
$2.7 billion (FY08/09)
country comparison to the world: 160
afghanis (AFA) per US dollar -
63 (2015 est.)
57.25 (2014 est.)
57.25 (2013 est.)
46.75 (2011 est.)
46.45 (2010)
Energy :: AFGHANISTAN
-
884.1 million kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 153
3.893 billion kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 126
0 kWh (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 98
3.071 billion kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 53
621,000 kW (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 135
35.4% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 169
0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 37
64.4% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 33
0.2% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 112
0 bbl/day (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 104
0 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 94
0 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 153
NA bbl (1 January 2015 est.)
0 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 152
43,000 bbl/day (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 104
0 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 151
42,640 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 86
159.6 million cu m (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 79
159.6 million cu m (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 106
0 cu m (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 54
0 cu m (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 152
49.55 billion cu m (1 January 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 64
8.552 million Mt (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 108
Communications :: AFGHANISTAN
-
total subscriptions: 100,000
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: less than 1 (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 145
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 74 (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 51
general assessment: limited fixed-line telephone service; an increasing number of Afghans utilize mobile-cellular phone networks
domestic: aided by the presence of multiple providers, mobile-cellular telephone service continues to improve rapidly; the Afghan Ministry of Communications and Information claims that more than 90 percent of the population live in areas with access to mobile-cellular services
international: country code - 93; multiple VSAT's provide international and domestic voice and data connectivity (2012)
state-owned broadcaster, Radio Television Afghanistan (RTA), operates a series of radio and television stations in Kabul and the provinces; an estimated 150 private radio stations, 50 TV stations, and about a dozen international broadcasters are available (2007)
48 (station types NA) (2009)
16 (1 state-run station and 15 registered private stations) (2009)
.af
223 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 199
percent of population: 5.9% (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 100
Transportation :: AFGHANISTAN
-
52 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 91
9 (2013)
gas 466 km (2013)
unpaved: 29,800 km (2006)
country comparison to the world: 84
1,200 km; (chiefly Amu Darya, which handles vessels up to 500 DWT) (2011)
country comparison to the world: 60
river port(s): Kheyrabad, Shir Khan
Military and Security :: AFGHANISTAN
-
Afghan National Security Forces: Afghan National Army, Afghan Air Force, Afghan National Police, Afghan Local Police (2016)
18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2016)
28.09% of GDP (2016)
4.74% of GDP (2011)
Transnational Issues :: AFGHANISTAN
-
Afghan, Coalition, and Pakistan military meet periodically to clarify the alignment of the boundary on the ground and on maps and since 2014 have met to discuss collaboration on the Taliban insurgency and counterterrorism efforts; Afghan and Iranian commissioners have discussed boundary monument densification and resurvey; Iran protests Afghanistan's restricting flow of dammed Helmand River tributaries during drought; Pakistan has sent troops across and built fences along some remote tribal areas of its treaty-defined Durand Line border with Afghanistan which serve as bases for foreign terrorists and other illegal activities; Russia remains concerned about the smuggling of poppy derivatives from Afghanistan through Central Asian countries
refugees (country of origin): 241,641 (Pakistan) (2015)
IDPs: 1,174,306 (mostly Pashtuns and Kuchis displaced in the south and west due to drought and political instability) (2015)
world's largest producer of opium; poppy cultivation increased 7 percent, to a record 211,000 hectares in 2014 from 198,000 hectares in 2013 while eradication dropped sharply; relatively low opium yields due to poor weather kept potential opium production—6,300 metric tons—below the record set in 2007; the Taliban and other antigovernment groups participate in and profit from the opiate trade, which is a key source of revenue for the Taliban inside Afghanistan; widespread corruption and instability impede counterdrug efforts; most of the heroin consumed in Europe and Eurasia is derived from Afghan opium; Afghanistan is also struggling to respond to a burgeoning domestic opiate addiction problem; vulnerable to drug money laundering through informal financial networks; illicit cultivation of cannabis and regional source of hashish

முஸ்லிம்களின் தொகை 100 % (90–95% சுன்னி இசுலாம், 5–10% சியா இசுலாம்) 100% (பெரும்பாலும் சுன்னி இசுலாம்) 100% (பெரும்பாலும் சுன்னி இசுலாம்) 99.8% (பெரும்பாலும் சுன்னி இசுலாம்) 99.8% (பெரும்பாலும் சுன்னி இசுலாம்) ~99% (பெரும்பாலும் சுன்னி இசுலாம், 20% சியா இசுலாம்) 99.1% (99.9%) (65–70% சுன்னி இசுலாம், 30–35% சியா இசுலாம்) 98.7% (பெரும்பாலும் சுன்னி இசுலாம்) 98.3% (பெரும்பாலும் சுன்னி இசுலாம்) 98% (பெரும்பாலும் சியா இசுலாம்) 98% (பெரும்பாலும் சுன்னி இசுலாம்) 98% (பெரும்பாலும் சுன்னி இசுலாம்) 97% (பெரும்பாலும் சுன்னி இசுலாம்) 96.6% (99%) (சுன்னி இசுலாம்) 96.4% (85–90% சுன்னி இசுலாம், 10–15% சியா இசுலாம்) 95% (60–65% சியா இசுலாம், 33–40% சுன்னி இசுலாம்) 94% (பெரும்பாலும் சுன்னி இசுலாம்) 93% (பெரும்பாலும் சுன்னி இசுலாம்) 89.4% (சுன்னி இஸ்லாம்) 89.3% (சுன்னி இஸ்லாம்)Egypt adherents, 2010

Introduction :: LIBYA
-
The Italians supplanted the Ottoman Turks in the area around Tripoli in 1911 and did not relinquish their hold until 1943 when they were defeated in World War II. Libya then passed to UN administration and achieved independence in 1951. Following a 1969 military coup, Col. Muammar al-QADHAFI assumed leadership and began to espouse his political system at home, which was a combination of socialism and Islam. During the 1970s, QADHAFI used oil revenues to promote his ideology outside Libya, supporting subversive and terrorist activities that included the downing of two airliners - one over Scotland, another in Northern Africa - and a discotheque bombing in Berlin. UN sanctions in 1992 isolated QADHAFI politically and economically following the attacks; sanctions were lifted in 2003 following Libyan acceptance of responsibility for the bombings and agreement to claimant compensation. QADHAFI also agreed to end Libya's program to develop weapons of mass destruction, and he made significant strides in normalizing relations with Western nations.
Unrest that began in several Middle Eastern and North African countries in late 2010 erupted in Libyan cities in early 2011. QADHAFI's brutal crackdown on protesters spawned a civil war that triggered UN authorization of air and naval intervention by the international community. After months of seesaw fighting between government and opposition forces, the QADHAFI regime was toppled in mid-2011 and replaced by a transitional government. Libya in 2012 formed a new parliament and elected a new prime minister. The country subsequently elected the House of Representatives in 2014, but remnants of the outgoing legislature refused to leave office and created a rival, Islamist-led government, the General National Congress. In October 2015, UN envoy to Libya, Bernardino LEON, proposed a power-sharing arrangement - known as the Libyan Political Agreement, which was signed by the rival governments two months later and subsequently endorsed by the UN. The agreement called for the formation of an interim Government of National Accord or GNA and the holding of general elections within two years. However, as of December 2016, the GNA had not secured House approval and several elements of the Libyan Political Agreement remained stalled, resulting in rival governments continuing to operate independently.
Geography :: LIBYA
-
Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt, Tunisia, and Algeria
25 00 N, 17 00 E
Africa
country comparison to the world: 17
about 2.5 times the size of Texas; slightly larger than Alaska
Area comparison map:
Africa ::LIBYA
Area Comparison
about 2.5 times the size of Texas; slightly larger than Alaska
border countries (6): Algeria 989 km, Chad 1,050 km, Egypt 1,115 km, Niger 342 km, Sudan 382 km, Tunisia 461 km
1,770 km
note: Gulf of Sidra closing line - 32 degrees, 30 minutes north
exclusive fishing zone: 62 nm
Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior
mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, plateaus, depressions
elevation extremes: lowest point: Sabkhat Ghuzayyil -47 m
highest point: Bikku Bitti 2,267 m
petroleum, natural gas, gypsum
arable land 1%; permanent crops 0.2%; permanent pasture 7.6%
4,700 sq km (2012)
well over 90% of the population lives along the Mediterranean coast in and between the western city of Az Zawiyah (just west of Tripoli) and the eastern city of Darnah; the interior remains vastly underpopulated due to the Sahara and lack of surface water
hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring and fall; dust storms, sandstorms
desertification; limited natural freshwater resources; the Great Manmade River Project, the largest water development scheme in the world, brings water from large aquifers under the Sahara to coastal cities
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
more than 90% of the country is desert or semidesert
People and Society :: LIBYA
-
6,541,948 (July 2015 est.)
note: immigrants make up just over 12% of the total population, according to UN data (2015) (July 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 107
Berber and Arab 97%, other 3% (includes Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, and Tunisians)
Arabic (official), Italian, English (all widely understood in the major cities); Berber (Nafusi, Ghadamis, Suknah, Awjilah, Tamasheq)
Muslim (official; virtually all Sunni) 96.6%, Christian 2.7%, Buddhist 0.3%, Hindu <0.1, Jewish <0.1, folk religion <0.1, unafilliated 0.2%, other <0.1
note: non-Sunni Muslims include native Ibadhi Muslims (<1% of the population) and foreign Muslims (2010 est.)
religious affiliation:
Africa ::LIBYA
Despite continuing unrest, Libya remains a destination country for economic migrants. It is also a hub for transit migration to Europe because of its proximity to southern Europe and its lax border controls. Labor migrants have been drawn to Libya since the development of its oil sector in the 1960s. Until the latter part of the 1990s, most migrants to Libya were Arab (primarily Egyptians and Sudanese). However, international isolation stemming from Libya’s involvement in international terrorism and a perceived lack of support from Arab countries led QADHAFI in 1998 to adopt a decade-long pan-African policy that enabled large numbers of sub-Saharan migrants to enter Libya without visas to work in the construction and agricultural industries. Although sub-Saharan Africans provided a cheap labor source, they were poorly treated and were subjected to periodic mass expulsions.
By the mid-2000s, domestic animosity toward African migrants and a desire to reintegrate into the international community motivated QADHAFI to impose entry visas on Arab and African immigrants and to agree to joint maritime patrols and migrant repatriations with Italy, the main recipient of illegal migrants departing Libya. As his regime neared collapse in 2011, QADHAFI reversed his policy of cooperating with Italy to curb illegal migration and sent boats loaded with migrants and asylum seekers to strain European resources. Libya’s 2011 revolution decreased inmigration drastically and prompted nearly 800,000 migrants to flee to third countries, mainly Tunisia and Egypt, or to their countries of origin. The inflow of migrants declined in 2012 but returned to normal levels by 2013, despite continued hostility toward sub-Saharan Africans and a less-inviting job market.
While Libya is not an appealing destination for migrants, since 2014, transiting migrants – primarily from East and West Africa – continue to exploit its political instability and weak border controls and use it as a primary departure area to migrate across the central Mediterranean to Europe in growing numbers. In addition, almost 350,000 people were displaced internally as of August 2016 by fighting between armed groups in eastern and western Libya and, to a lesser extent, by inter-tribal clashes in the country’s south.
0-14 years: 26.17% (male 875,430/female 836,272)
15-24 years: 17.41% (male 586,713/female 552,531)
25-54 years: 46.99% (male 1,613,168/female 1,460,987)
55-64 years: 5.21% (male 174,023/female 167,072)
65 years and over: 4.22% (male 137,409/female 138,343) (2016 est.)
population pyramid:
Africa ::LIBYA
Population Pyramid
A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends.
For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page under the References tab.
total dependency ratio: 52.4%
youth dependency ratio: 45.5%
elderly dependency ratio: 6.9%
potential support ratio: 14.5% (2015 est.)
female: 28.3 years (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 129
1.8% (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 61
17.8 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 104
3.6 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 216
3.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 34
well over 90% of the population lives along the Mediterranean coast in and between the western city of Az Zawiyah (just west of Tripoli) and the eastern city of Darnah; the interior remains vastly underpopulated due to the Sahara and lack of surface water
urban population: 78.6% of total population (2015)
rate of urbanization: 1.13% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
TRIPOLI (capital) 1.126 million (2015)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1.1 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1.01 male(s)/female
total population: 1.07 male(s)/female (2016 est.)
9 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 102
total: 11.1 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 12 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 10.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 126
total population: 76.5 years
female: 78.3 years (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 87
2.04 children born/woman (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 114
41.9% (2007)
5% of GDP (2014)
country comparison to the world: 162
1.9 physicians/1,000 population (2009)
3.7 beds/1,000 population (2012)
urban: 54.2% of population
rural: 54.9% of population
total: 54.4% of population
urban: 45.8% of population
rural: 45.1% of population
total: 45.6% of population (2001 est.)
urban: 96.8% of population
rural: 95.7% of population
total: 96.6% of population
urban: 3.2% of population
rural: 4.3% of population
total: 3.4% of population (2015 est.)
NA
NA
31.9% (2014)
country comparison to the world: 35
5.6% (2007)
country comparison to the world: 86
NA
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
female: 85.6% (2015 est.)
female: 67.8% (2012 est.)
Government :: LIBYA
-
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Libya
note: name derives from the Libu, an ancient Libyan tribe first mentioned in texts from the 13th century B.C.
in transition
name: Tripoli (Tarabulus)
geographic coordinates: 32 53 N, 13 10 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
22 districts (shabiyat, singular - shabiyat); Al Butnan, Al Jabal al Akhdar, Al Jabal al Gharbi, Al Jafarah, Al Jufrah, Al Kufrah, Al Marj, Al Marqab, Al Wahat, An Nuqat al Khams, Az Zawiyah, Banghazi, Darnah, Ghat, Misratah, Murzuq, Nalut, Sabha, Surt, Tarabulus, Wadi al Hayat, Wadi ash Shati
24 December 1951 (from UN trusteeship)
Liberation Day, 23 October (2011)
previous 1951, 1977; latest 2011 (interim); note - the Constitution Drafting Assembly continued drafting a new constitution as of late 2016 (2016)
Libya's post-revolution legal system is in flux and driven by state and non-state entities
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent or grandparent must be a citizen of Libya
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: varies from 3 to 5 years
18 years of age, universal
chief of state: Chairman, Presidential Council, Fayiz al-SARAJ (since December 2015)
head of government: Prime Minister Fayiz al-SARAJ (since December 2015)
cabinet: new cabinet awaiting approval by the House of Representatives
elections/appointments: NA
description: unicameral Council of Deputies or Majlis Al Nuwab (200 seats including 32 reserved for women; members elected by direct popular vote; member term NA)
elections: election last held in June 2014; note - the Libyan Supreme Court in November 2014 declared the House election unconstitutional, but the Council rejected the ruling
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - independent 200; note - not all 200 seats were filled in the June election because of boycotts and lack of security at some polling stations; some elected members of the Council also boycotted the election
highest court(s): NA; note - government is in transition
NA
NA
ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, BDEAC, CAEU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Wafa M.T. BUGHAIGHIS (since 5 December 2014)
chancery: 2600 Virginia Avenue NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 20037
telephone: [1] (202) 944-9601
chief of mission: Ambassador Peter William BODDE (since 21 December 2015)
note: the embassy was closed in July 2014 due to major fighting near the embassy related to the Libyan civil war; embassy staff and operations were temporarily moved to Tunis, Tunisia
embassy: Sidi Slim Area/Walie Al-Ahed Road, Tripoli
mailing address: US Embassy, 8850 Tripoli Place, Washington, DC 20521-8850
telephone: [218] (0) 91-220-3239
three horizontal bands of red (top), black (double width), and green with a white crescent and star centered on the black stripe; the National Transitional Council reintroduced this flag design of the former Kingdom of Libya (1951-1969) on 27 February 2011; it replaced the former all-green banner promulgated by the QADHAFI regime in 1977; the colors represent the three major regions of the country: red stands for Fezzan, black symbolizes Cyrenaica, and green denotes Tripolitania; the crescent and star represent Islam, the main religion of the country
star and crescent, hawk; national colors: red, black, green
name: "Libya, Libya, Libya"
lyrics/music: Al Bashir AL AREBI/Mohamad Abdel WAHAB
note: also known as "Ya Beladi" or "Oh, My Country!"; adopted 1951; readopted 2011 with some modification to the lyrics; during the QADHAFI years between 1969 and 2011, the anthem was "Allahu Akbar," (God is Great) a marching song of the Egyptian Army in the 1956 Suez War
Economy :: LIBYA
-
Libya's economy, almost entirely dependent on oil and gas exports, struggled during 2015 as the country plunged into civil war and world oil prices dropped to seven-year lows. In early 2015, armed conflict between rival forces for control of the country’s largest oil terminals caused a decline in Libyan crude oil production, which never recovered to more than one-third of the average pre-Revolution highs of 1.6 million barrels per day. The Central Bank of Libya continued to pay government salaries to a majority of the Libyan workforce and to fund subsidies for fuel and food, resulting in an estimated budget deficit of about 49% of GDP.
Libya’s economic transition away from QADHAFI’s notionally socialist model has completely stalled as political chaos persists and security continues to deteriorate. Libya’s leaders have hindered economic development by failing to use its financial resources to invest in national infrastructure. The country suffers from widespread power outages in its largest cities, caused by shortages of fuel for power generation. Living conditions, including access to clean drinking water, medical services, and safe housing, have all declined as the civil war has caused more people to become internally displaced, further straining local resources.
Extremists affiliated with the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) attacked Libyan oilfields in the first half of 2015; ISIL has a presence in many cities across Libya including near oil infrastructure, threatening future government revenues from oil and gas.
$92.61 billion (2015 est.)
$98.92 billion (2014 est.)
$130.2 billion (2013 est.)
note: data are in 2015 US dollars
country comparison to the world: 84
$38.3 billion (2015 est.)
-6.4% (2015 est.)
-24% (2014 est.)
-13.6% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 217
$14,600 (2015 est.)
$15,800 (2014 est.)
$20,800 (2013 est.)
note: data are in 2015 US dollars
country comparison to the world: 111
-17.9% of GDP (2015 est.)
-34% of GDP (2014 est.)
5.6% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 180
household consumption: 86.8%
government consumption: 21.7%
investment in fixed capital: 4%
investment in inventories: 1%
exports of goods and services: 32.7%
imports of goods and services: -46.2% (2015 est.)
services: 54.9% (2015 est.)
wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus, vegetables, peanuts, soybeans; cattle
petroleum, petrochemicals, aluminum, iron and steel, food processing, textiles, handicrafts, cement
-13% (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 197
1.193 million (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 137
services: 59% (2004 est.)
30% (2004 est.)
country comparison to the world: 188
NA%
note: about one-third of Libyans live at or below the national poverty line
expenditures: $21.02 billion (2015 est.)
23.7% of GDP (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 131
-31.2% of GDP (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 217
8% of GDP (2015 est.)
7.2% of GDP (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 175
calendar year
12.1% (2015 est.)
8.7% (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 216
9.52% (31 December 2010)
3% (31 December 2009)
country comparison to the world: 27
6% (31 December 2015 est.)
6% (31 December 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 126
$51.23 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$48.02 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 50
$54.66 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$53.34 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 64
$767.3 million (31 December 2015 est.)
$-16.48 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 166
$NA
-$16.7 billion (2015 est.)
-$12.36 billion (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 184
$10.86 billion (2015 est.)
$13.81 billion (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 85
crude oil, refined petroleum products, natural gas, chemicals
Italy 32.1%, Germany 11.3%, China 8%, France 8%, Spain 5.6%, Netherlands 5.4%, Syria 5.3% (2015)
$11.24 billion (2015 est.)
$20.43 billion (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 93
machinery, semi-finished goods, food, transport equipment, consumer products
China 14.8%, Italy 12.9%, Turkey 11.1%, Tunisia 6.5%, France 6.1%, Spain 4.6%, Syria 4.5%, Egypt 4.4%, South Korea 4.3% (2015)
$70.99 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$89.25 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 30
$3.985 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$5.244 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 135
$18.83 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$18.66 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 79
$21.59 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$20.91 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 54
Libyan dinars (LYD) per US dollar -
1.379 (2015 est.)
1.2724 (2014 est.)
1.2724 (2013 est.)
1.26 (2012 est.)
1.224 (2011 est.)
Energy :: LIBYA
-
population without electricity: 13,083
electrification - total population: 99.8%
electrification - urban areas: 100%
electrification - rural areas: 99.1% (2013)
35 billion kWh
note: persistent electricity shortages have contributed to the ongoing instability throughout the country (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 62
9.3 billion kWh (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 63
1 million kWh (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 88
88 million kWh (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 99
8.9 million kW (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 67
99.2% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 48
0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 132
0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 183
0.8% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 99
404,000 bbl/day (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 30
834,100 bbl/day
note: Libyan crude oil export values are highly volatile because of continuing protests and other disruptions across the country (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 18
0 bbl/day (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 89
48.36 billion bbl (1 January 2016 es)
country comparison to the world: 9
158,300 bbl/day (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 58
255,000 bbl/day (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 51
50,890 bbl/day (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 65
144,000 bbl/day (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 49
11.8 billion cu m (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 40
5.804 billion cu m (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 54
6 billion cu m (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 29
0 cu m (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 94
1.505 trillion cu m (1 January 2016 es)
country comparison to the world: 22
57 million Mt (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 56
Communications :: LIBYA
-
total subscriptions: 632,000
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 10 (July 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 89
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 155 (July 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 85
general assessment: Libya's civil war has disrupted its telecommunications sector, but much of its infrastructure remains superior to that in most other African countries
domestic: combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular service generally adequate, but pressure to rebuild damaged infrastructure growing
international: country code - 218; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat, NA Arabsat, and NA Intersputnik; submarine cable to France and Italy; microwave radio relay to Tunisia and Egypt; tropospheric scatter to Greece; participant in Medarabtel (2015)
state-funded and private TV stations; some provinces operate local TV stations; pan-Arab satellite TV stations are available; state-funded radio (2012)
.ly
percent of population: 19% (July 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 114
Transportation :: LIBYA
-
number of registered air carriers: 8
inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 23
annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 2,566,465
annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 3,833,542 mt-km (2015)
5A (2016)
146 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 41
2 (2013)
condensate 882 km; gas 3,743 km; oil 7,005 km (2013)
unpaved: 42,810 km (2003)
country comparison to the world: 45
by type: cargo 2, chemical tanker 4, liquefied gas 3, petroleum tanker 13, roll on/roll off 1
foreign-owned: 2 (Kuwait 1, Norway 1)
registered in other countries: 6 (Hong Kong 1, Malta 5) (2010)
country comparison to the world: 91
major seaport(s): Marsa al Burayqah (Marsa el Brega), Tripoli
oil terminal(s): Az Zawiyah, Ra's Lanuf
LNG terminal (export): Marsa el Brega
Military and Security :: LIBYA
-
note - in transition; government has affiliated Army, Air Force, Navy, and Coast Guard forces (2016)
18 years of age for mandatory or voluntary service (2012)
Transnational Issues :: LIBYA
-
dormant disputes include Libyan claims of about 32,000 sq km still reflected on its maps of southeastern Algeria and the FLN's assertions of a claim to Chirac Pastures in southeastern Morocco; various Chadian rebels from the Aozou region reside in southern Libya
refugees (country of origin): 5,380 (West Bank and Gaza Strip) (2015)
IDPs: 313,236 (conflict between pro-Qadhafi and anti-Qadhafi forces in 2011; post-Qadhafi tribal clashes 2014) (2016)
current situation: Libya is a destination and transit country for men and women from sub-Saharan Africa and Asia subjected to forced labor and forced prostitution; migrants who seek employment in Libya as laborers and domestic workers or who transit Libya en route to Europe are vulnerable to forced labor; private employers also exploit migrants from detention centers as forced laborers on farms and construction sites, returning them to detention when they are no longer needed; some sub-Saharan women are reportedly forced to work in Libyan brothels, particularly in the country’s south; since 2013, militia groups and other informal armed groups, including some affiliated with the government, are reported to conscript Libyan children under the age of 18; large-scale violence driven by militias, civil unrest, and increased lawlessness increased in 2014, making it more difficult to obtain information on human trafficking
tier rating: Tier 3 - the Libyan Government does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; in 2014, the government’s capacity to address human trafficking was hampered by the ongoing power struggle and violence; the judicial system was not functioning, preventing any efforts to investigate, prosecute, or convict traffickers, complicit detention camp guards or government officials, or militias or armed groups that used child soldiers; the government failed to identify or provide protection to trafficking victims, including child conscripts, and continued to punish victims for unlawful acts committed as a direct result of being trafficked; no public anti-trafficking awareness campaigns were conducted (2015)

Niger
Geography
Total area: 1,267,000 km2
Population: 15,290,000 (2009 est.)
Language
Literacy: 17%
Official languages: French, Hausa, Kanuri, Zarma, Tamasheq
Economy
GDP (PPP) per capita: $2,162 (2009 est.)
Politics
Government: Military junta
President of the Supreme Council for the Restoration of Democracy: Salou Djibo
Prime Minister: Mahamadou Danda
Religion
Religions: 93% Muslim, 4% Christian, 3% other religions
Open Doors persecution index: N/A
Prayer points
The outcome of Niger’s recent elections has boosted hopes for a stable democracy.Despite fears of a flawed election process, Niger’s vote proved both credible and peaceful. However, the new government will face huge justice and poverty challenges. In 2010, the UN’s Human Development Index (using criteria of life expectancy, education and health) ranked Niger as 169th out of 171 countries. Less than half the population has access to safe water and communities often lack food for part of the year. Children are prone to diarrhoea, malnutrition and stunted growth. Pray that Niger’s new leaders will have the heart to rule with justice and determinedly tackle poverty. (Tearfund - April 2011)
Children and young adults forced to beg, sold into domestic service, used as labourers in mines and agriculture, and sexually exploited - this is the grim reality of trafficking in Niger and other countries in Africa. Students and graduates are not immune from these dangers and, sadly, young people who go against their parents' beliefs and convert to Christianity are particularly at risk. Christian students in Niger long to respond to the injustices of society and to be part of helping others to see God's kingdom come on earth. Please pray for them as they work to encourage church members to join with NGOs who are fighting people trafficking, inspire graduates to sustain this ministry, and equip students to help rescued children re-integrate into society. (IFES - March 2011)
Drought has turned to deluge in parts of Niger – and brought a load more trouble to many people weakened by hunger. For months, nearly half the country’s population has been left unable to feed themselves due to a lack of rain killing crops last year and vast amounts of livestock this year. Now a rain storm hitting the Azawak region has resulted in flash floods, killing many of the remaining animals. Drought and famine have also impacted neighbouring Chad, Mali, Burkina Faso and northern Nigeria. Pray for those in Niger reeling after the floods, that they receive help to get back on their feet. Give thanks for the much-needed rain but pray for regular weather patterns which are required for a good harvest and good pasture for the animals. (Tearfund - August 2010)
The Maures are a large people group spread across the semi-desert countries of North West Africa. They speak Hassaniya, a dialect of Arabic. There are marked social divisions within this people group, particularly between the Arab-Berber ‘white’ Maure, and the ‘black’ Maure, many of whom are descended from former slaves. In this totally Muslim society there has been little response to the gospel. Please pray for isolated believers to be encouraged as well as for radio, films and television programmes to be used as tools to lead people to ask more about the gospel. Finally, pray for opportunities for Christian workers to take the gospel message to villages and towns in the interior. (WEC International - September 2010)
In West Africa, millions are desperate for food. Bad harvests over a number of years mean that staple foods like grain have shot up in price by as much as 43 percent. At the same time, the value of cattle has plummeted. Families would normally trade their cattle for food but now they’re not worth enough. This means they have no money, and many people are eating just one meal a day. In Niger alone, a massive seven million people, half of the country’s population, need urgent help. (Tearfund - July 2010)
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