சிங்கப்பூர் அல்லது அலுவல்முறையாக சிங்கப்பூர் குடியரசு (The Republic of Singapore, சீனம்: 新加坡共和国, Xīnjīapō Gònghéguó; மலாய்: Republik Singapura) தென்கிழக்காசியாவில் உள்ள ஒரு தீவு நாடு. மலேசியத் தீபகற்பத்தின் தென் முனையில் அமைந்துள்ளது, ஜொகூர் நீர்ச்சந்தி இதனை மலேசியாவிடமிருந்து பிரிக்கிறது. தெற்கில் சிங்கப்பூர் நீர்ச்சந்தி இந்தோனேசியாவின் ரியாவு தீவுகளைப் பிரிக்கின்றது. சிங்கப்பூர் பெரிதும் நகரமயம் ஆன நாடாகும். மிகக்குறைவான அளவிலேயே மழைக்காடுகள் உள்ளன. நிலச்சீரமைப்பு மூலம் கூடுதலான நிலங்கள் வளர்ச்சிக்காக உருவாக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன.

கிபி 2 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டில் மனிதக் குடியேற்றம் தொடங்கிய நாளிலிருந்து சிங்கப்பூர் பல உள்ளூர் இராச்சியங்களின் பகுதியாக விளங்கி வந்துள்ளது. 1819 ஆம் ஆண்டில் ஜொகூர் சுல்தானகத்தின் அனுமதியுடன் பிரித்தானிய கிழக்கிந்திய நிறுவனம் சிங்கப்பூரைத் தனது கட்டுப்பாட்டுக்குள் கொண்டு வந்தது. 1824 இல் பிரித்தானியாவின் நேரடி ஆட்சியினுள் வந்தது. 1826 இல் தென்கிழக்காசியாவின் ஒரு பிரித்தானிய குடியேற்ற நாடாக ஆனது. இரண்டாம் உலகப் போரின் போது சப்பானியர்களால் சிறிது காலம் ஆக்கிரமிக்கப்பட்ட சிங்கப்பூர் மறுபடியும் 1945ல் ஆங்கிலேயர் ஆட்சியின் கீழ் வந்து பிறகு 1963ல் ஏனைய பிரித்தானிய குடியேற்றப் பகுதிகளோடு சேர்ந்து மலேசியாவோடு இணைந்து பிரித்தானியாவிடமிருந்து விடுதலை அடைந்தது. 1965 ஆகஸ்ட் 9 இல் மலேசியாவிலிருந்து பிரிந்து, விடுதலை பெற்று தனிக் குடியரசு நாடாக உருவானது. அன்றிலிருந்து சிங்கப்பூரின் வளம் பெருமளவு விரிவடைந்து நான்கு ஆசியப் புலிகளில் ஒன்றானது.

சிங்கப்பூர் வெஸ்ட்மின்ஸ்டர் மக்களாட்சி முறைமையில் ஓரங்க நாடாளுமன்றக் குடியரசு ஆட்சியைக் கொண்டுள்ளது. 1959 ஆம் ஆண்டு முதல் மக்கள் செயல் கட்சி அனைத்துத் தேர்தல்களிலும் வெற்றி பெற்று ஆட்சி நடத்தி வருகிறது.

கொள்வனவு ஆற்றல் சமநிலையின் அடிப்படையில், சிங்கப்பூரின் ஆள்வீத வருமானம் உலக நாடுகளில் மூன்றாவது நிலையில் உள்ளது. சிங்கப்பூரின் மக்கள்தொகை 5 மில்லியனுக்கும் சற்று மிகுதியாகும். இவர்களில் 2.91 மில்லியன் உள்ளூரில் பிறந்தவர்கள். மக்கள்தொகையில் பெரும்பாலானவர்கள் சீனர்கள். இவர்களுக்கு அடுத்ததாக மலாய், மற்றும் சிங்கப்பூர் இந்தியர்கள் உள்ளனர். சிங்கப்பூரின்  அலுவல்முறை மொழிகள்: ஆங்கிலம், சீனம், மலாய் மொழி, தமிழ் மொழி ஆகியவையாகும். ஆசியான் அமைப்பை நிறுவிய நாடுகளில் ஒன்றான சிங்கப்பூரில் ஏப்பெக் அமைப்பின் செயலகம் அமைந்துள்ளது. அத்துடன், கூட்டுசேரா இயக்கம், பொதுநலவாய நாடுகள் ஆகிய அமைப்புகளிலும் உறுப்பு நாடாக உள்ளது.

மிகவும் சிறிய பரப்பளவு கொண்ட சிங்கப்பூர், தென்கிழக்காசியாவில் மிகச்சிறிய நாடாகும். விடுதலைக்குப் பின் நடந்த பல்வேறு பொருளாதார மாற்றங்களினாலும், அரசின் துணையோடு தன் உள்கட்டுமானத்தினைத் தரப்படுத்திக் கொண்டதாலும், சிங்கப்பூர் மக்களின் வாழ்க்கைத் தரம் பன்மடங்கு உயர்ந்துள்ளது.
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சிங்கப்பூரில் கனடிய சர்வதேச பள்ளி
 பெயர்க்காரணம்
சிங்கப்பூர் சிங்கம் +ஊர் = சிங்கப்பூர், அதாவது சிங்கத்தின் ஊர் என்ற தமிழ் பொருளைக் கொண்டதும் ஆகும். சிங்கப்பூர் என்ற பெயர் சிங்கப்பூரா என்ற மலாய் சொல்லிலிருந்து மருவியதாகவும் கூறப்படுகிறது. மலாய் சொற்களான சிங்கா (சிங்கம்) மற்றும் பூரா (ஊர்) சேர்ந்து சிங்கப்பூரா என்று அழைக்கப்படுகிறது. மலாய் வரலாற்றின்படி 14ம் நூற்றாண்டு சுமாத்திரா மலாய் இளவரசர் சாங் நிலா உத்தமா, ஒரு கடும் புயலின் போது இந்தத் தீவில் ஒதுங்கினார். அப்போது அவர் சிங்கம்போல ஒரு மிருகத்தைப் பார்த்து, சிங்கம் என்று தவறுதலாக நினைத்துக்கொண்டு சிங்கபூரா என்று அழைத்ததாக வரலாற்றுக்கதையும் உண்டு.

 வரலாறு
 முந்தைய வரலாறு
சிங்கப்பூரின் வரலாறு 14 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டிலிருந்து குறிக்கப்பட்டிருக்கிறது. அதற்கு முன் சிங்கப்பூரும் மலேசியாவும் கடாரம் கொண்ட சோழ மண்டலத்தின் ஆட்சிக்கு உட்பட்டிருக்கலாம் என்று தமிழ்நாட்டின் வரலாறு காட்டுகிறது. 14ஆம் நூற்றாண்டில் அது துமாசிக் என்ற பெயர் கொண்ட நகரமாகக் காட்சியளித்தது. அது சுமாத்திராவில் இயங்கிய ஸ்ரீ விஜயப் பேரரசின் ஆட்சிக்கு உட்பட்டது. சிங்கை தீவில் ஒரு நகரம் இருந்தது என்றும் அந்த நகரம் தென்கிழக்காசியாவில் ஒரு முக்கிய வர்த்தக மையமாக விளங்கியது என்று மலாய் மக்களின் வரலாறு கூறுகிறது.

ஸ்ரீவிஜய பேரரசு மறைந்த பிறகு, துமாசிக் மற்ற அரசுகளால் தாக்கப்பட்டது. ஜாவாவில் இருந்த மாஜாபாஹித் பேரரசு, தாய்லாந்தில் இயங்கிய அயுத்திய அரசு போன்றவை அந்த நகரை தம் ஆட்சிக்குள் கொண்டு வர முயன்றன. தாய்லாந்தின் அயுத்திய அரசு குறைந்தது ஒரு முறை துமாசிக் தீவைத் தாக்க முயன்று தோல்வி அடைந்தது என்று வரலாறு காட்டுகிறது. அந்நேரத்தில் – 15ம் நூற்றாண்டின் தொடக்கப் பகுதியில் – துமாசிக் நகருக்கு "சிங்கப்பூரா" என்ற புதிய பெயர் சூட்டப்பட்டது.

 குடியேற்றவாத ஆட்சி

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1819 ஆம் ஆண்டு ஜனவரி 29 ஆம் நாள், சர் தாமஸ் ஸ்டாம்போர்ட் ராபிள்ஸ் என்பவர் தலைநிலப்பகுதியில் வந்து இறங்கினார். இப்பகுதியின் புவியியல் அமைவிட முக்கியத்துவத்தை உணர்ந்து கொண்ட அவர், வணிக நிலையொன்றை அமைப்பதற்காக 1819 பெப்ரவரி மாதம் 6 ஆம் தேதி சுல்தான் ஹுசேன் ஷாவுடன் பிரித்தானியக் கிழக்கிந்தியக் கம்பனி சார்பில் ஒப்பந்தம் ஒன்றைச் செய்து கொண்டார். இவ்வொப்பந்தப்படி சிங்கப்பூரின் தெற்குப்பகுதியில் வணிக நிலையொன்றையும், குடியேற்றம் ஒன்றையும் அமைக்கும் உரிமையைப் பிரித்தானிய கிழக்கிந்தியக் கம்பனி பெற்றுக்கொண்டது. ஆகஸ்ட் 1824 ஆம் ஆண்டுவரை சிங்கப்பூர் மலே ஆட்சியாளரின் ஆளுகைக்கு உட்பட்ட பகுதியாகவே இருந்தது. ஆகஸ்ட் 1824ல் பிரித்தானியா முழுத்தீவையும் தனது கட்டுப்பாட்டுக்குள் கொண்டுவந்தபோது சிங்கப்பூர் ஒரு பிரித்தானியக் குடியேற்றநாடு ஆகியது. சிங்கப்பூரிலிருந்த இரண்டாம் வதிவிட அதிகாரியான ஜான் குரோபுர்ட் என்பவரே சிங்கப்பூரை பிரித்தானியாவுக்கு உரியதாக்கியவர். இவர் 1824 ஆகஸ்ட் 2 ஆம் தேதி சுல்தான் ஹுசேன் ஷாவுடன் ஒப்பந்தமொன்றைச் செய்தார். இதன் அடிப்படையில் சுல்தான் தீவு முழுவதையும் பிரித்தானியாவுக்குக் கையளித்தார். இதுவே நவீன சிங்கப்பூரின் தொடக்கம் எனலாம். ராபிள்சின் உதவி அதிகாரியான வில்லியம் பர்குகார் (William Farquhar) சிங்கப்பூரின் வளர்ச்சியையும், பல்லின மக்களின் உள்வருகையையும் ஊக்கப்படுத்தினார். இந்த உள்வருகை கட்டுப்பாடற்ற வருகுடியேற்றக் கொள்கை காரணமாக ஏற்பட்டது. 1856 ஆம் ஆண்டிலிருந்து பிரித்தானிய இந்திய அலுவலகம் சிங்கப்பூரை ஆட்சிசெய்தது. ஆனால் 1867 ஆம் ஆண்டில், சிங்கப்பூர், மக்கள் பிரித்தானியாவின் முடிக்குரிய குடியேற்ற நாடாக, பிரித்தானிய அரசரின் நேரடி ஆட்சியின்கீழ் கொண்டுவரப்பட்டது. 1869 ஆம் ஆண்டளவில் சுமார் 100,000 மக்கள் இத்தீவில் வாழ்ந்தனர். சிங்கப்பூரின் முதலாவது நகரத் திட்டமிடல் முயற்சி ஒரு பிரித்தாளும் உத்தியாகவே மேற்கொள்ளப்பட்டது. இத்திட்டப்படி தீவின் தெற்கு பகுதியில் வெவ்வேறு இன மக்கள் தனித்தனிப் பகுதிகளில் குடியேற்றப்பட்டனர்.

சிங்கப்பூர் ஆறு, பல்வேறு இனக்குழுக்களைச் சேர்ந்த வணிகர்களும், வங்கியாளர்களும் நிறைந்த பகுதியாக விளங்கியது. சீன, இந்தியக் கூலித் தொழிலாளர்கள் படகுகளில் பொருட்களை ஏற்றியிறக்கும் வேலை செய்துவந்தனர். மலாயர்கள் பெரும்பாலும் மீனவர்களாகவும், கடலோடிகளாகவும் இருந்தனர். அராபிய வணிகரும், அறிஞர்களும் ஆற்றுக் கழிமுகத்தின் தென்கிழக்குப் பகுதியில் வாழ்ந்தனர். அக்காலத்தில் மிகவும் குறைவாகவேயிருந்த ஐரோப்பியக் குடியேற்றக்காரர் கானிங் ஹில் கோட்டைப் பகுதியிலும், ஆற்றின் மேல் பகுதிகளிலும் வாழ்ந்தனர். ஐரோப்பியரைப் போலவே இந்தியர்களும் தீவின் உட்பகுதியிலேயே குடியேறினர். இன்று சின்ன இந்தியா என்று அழைக்கப்படும் பகுதி இருக்கும் இடமே இது. விடுதலைக்குப் பின்னர் 1960களில் பெருமெடுப்பிலான மீள்குடியெற்ற நடவடிக்கைகளின்போது அறிபப்பட்டது தவிர, அக்காலத்தின் நாட்டுப்புறத் தனியார் குடியேற்றங்கள்பற்றி மிகக்குறைவாகவே அறியவருகிறது.

 உலகப்போர்
பினாங்கு, மலாக்கா ஆகிய நகரங்களுடன் சிங்கப்பூர் நீரிணைக் குடியேற்றங்களின் (Straits Settlements) ஒரு பாகமாக இருந்தது. சப்பானியருடைய எழுச்சிக்குப் பல ஆண்டுகளுக்கு முன்னரே அவர்கள் வேகமாகத் தமது படைகளைப் பெருக்கிவருவதைப் பிரித்தானியா அறிந்திருந்தது. தென்கிழக்காசியாவில் இருந்த தமது சொத்துக்களைப் பாதுகாப்பதற்காகச் சிங்கப்பூரின் வட முனையில் கடற்படைத் தளம் ஒன்றை அமைப்பதற்குப் பிரித்தானியா முடிவு செய்திருந்தது. ஆனால் ஜெர்மனியுடன் ஏற்பட்ட போரினால் போர்க் கப்பல்களையும், தளவாடங்களையும் ஐரோப்பாவுக்குக் கொண்டுவரவேண்டி இருந்ததனால் இத் திட்டம் நிறைவேறவில்லை. இரண்டாம் உலகப் போரின் போது சப்பானியப் படைகள்(ஜப்பன் படைகள் ) மலாயாவைக் கைப்பற்றிக் கொண்டன. அப்படைகள் சிங்கப்பூரைத் தாக்கியபோது, பெரும்பாலான தமது படைகளை ஐரோப்பாவுக்கு அனுப்பிவிட்டுக் குறைந்த படைபலத்துடன் இருந்த பிரித்தானியர் 6 நாட்களில் தோல்வியடைந்ததுடன், புகமுடியாதது என்று சொல்லப்பட்ட கோட்டையையும் 1942 பெப்ரவரி 15 ஆம் தேதி சப்பானியத் தளபதி தொமோயுக்கி யாமாஷித்தாவிடம் (Tomoyuki Yamashita) ஒப்படைத்துச் சரணடைந்தனர். இத்தோல்வியை "பெரும் இழப்பு" என்றும் "பிரித்தானிய வரலாற்றில் மிகப்பெரிய சரணாகதி" என்றும் அப்போதைய பிரித்தானியப் பிரதமர் வின்ஸ்டன் சர்ச்சில் குறிப்பிட்டார். சிங்கப்பூரின் கடற்படைத் தளத்தைச் சப்பானியர் பயன்படுத்தாமல் இருப்பதற்காக, அது சப்பானியரிடம் வீழ்ச்சியடையு முன்பே அழிக்கப்பட்டுவிட்டது. சப்பானியர் சிங்கப்பூரின் பெயரை "ஷோவாவின் காலத்தில் பெறப்பட்ட தெற்குத் தீவு" என்னும் சப்பானியத் தொடரைச் சுருக்கி "ஷொனான்டோ" என மாற்றினர். உலகப் போரில் சப்பானியர் தோல்வியுற்ற ஒரு மாதத்தின் பின்னர் 1945 ஆம் ஆண்டு செப்டெம்பர் மாதம் 12 ஆம் தேதி சிங்கப்பூர் மீண்டும் பிரித்தானியரின் ஆட்சியின் கீழ் கொண்டுவரப்பட்டது.

 தற்போதைய சிங்கப்பூர்
1959 ஆம் ஆண்டில் சிங்கப்பூர் பிரித்தானியப் பேரரசினுள் ஒரு தன்னாட்சி பெற்ற நாடானது. யூசோஃப் பின் இசாக் என்பவர் நாட்டுத் தலைவராகவும், லீ குவான் யூ பிரதமராகவும் ஆயினர். 1963 ஆகஸ்டில் சிங்கப்பூர் ஒருதலைப் பட்சமாகத் தன்னை முழு விடுதலைபெற்ற நாடாக அறிவித்துக் கொண்டது. 1963 ஆம் ஆண்டு செப்டெம்பரில் மலாயா, சாபா, சரவாக் ஆகியவற்றுடன் சேர்ந்து மலேசியக் கூட்டமைப்பை உருவாக்கியது. இரண்டு ஆண்டுகள் கழித்து சிங்கப்பூரில் ஆட்சியிலிருந்த மக்கள் செயர் கட்சிக்கும் கோலாலம்பூரில் இருந்த மத்திய அரசுக்கும் இடையில் ஏற்பட்ட கொள்கை வேறுபாடுகள் காரணமாக 1965 ஆம் ஆண்டு ஆகஸ்ட் 9 ஆம் தேதி சிங்கப்பூர், மலேசியக் கூட்டமைப்பிலிருந்து விலகி இறைமையுள்ள நாடானது. யூசோப் பின் இஷாக் சிங்கப்பூரின் முதலாவது தலைவர் ஆனார். லீ குவான் யூ பிரதமராகத் தொடர்ந்தார்.

சிங்கப்பூர் தன்னிறைவு பெற முயன்ற வேளையில், பெருமளவிலான வேலையின்மை, வீட்டுப் பற்றாக்குறை, நிலம் மற்றும் இயற்கை வளப் பற்றாக்குறை போன்ற பிரச்சினைகளை அந் நாடு எதிர் நோக்கவேண்டியிருந்தது. லீ குவான் யூ பிரதமராக இருந்த, 1959 தொடக்கம் 1990 வரையான காலப்பகுதியில் பரவலான வேலையில்லாப் பிரச்சினையைச் சமாளித்ததுடன், வாழ்க்கைத் தரத்தையும் உயர்த்திப் பெருமளவிலான வீடமைப்புத் திட்டங்களும் அமைக்கப்பட்டன. இக் காலத்திலேயே நாட்டின் பொருளாதார உள் கட்டமைப்புகள் வளர்ச்சியடைந்தன; இன முரண்பாடுகள் கட்டுக்குள் கொண்டுவரப்பட்டன; ஆண்களுக்கான கட்டாய படைத்துறைச் சேவையே அடிப்படையாகக் கொண்ட ஒரு சுதந்திரமான தேசிய பாதுகாப்பு முறை உருவாக்கப்பட்டது.

அதனைத் தொடர்ந்து சிங்கப்பூர் உலகிலேயே செல்வம் நிறைந்த நாடுகளில் ஒன்றாக மாறியது. அதன் ஆள்வீத மொத்த தேசிய உற்பத்தி, ஐரோப்பிய நாடுகள் பலவற்றைவிட அதிகமாக இருக்கிறது. சிங்கப்பூரின் துறைமுகம் உலகில் அதிக வர்த்தகக் கப்பல்களைக் காணும் ஒன்று.

 புவியியல்
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சிங்கப்பூர் 63 தீவுகளை உடையது, இதில் பெரிய முதன்மை தீவு சிங்கப்பூர் தீவென அழைக்கப்படுகிறது . மலேசியாவின் ஜொகூர் மாநிலத்துடன் இரண்டு சாலைகளால் இணைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. வடக்கில் உள்ள இணைப்பு சாலைக்குப் பெயர் ஜொகூர்-சிங்கப்பூர் காசுவல் வே, மேற்கில் உள்ள இணைப்பு சாலைக்கு டுவசு என்று பெயர். சந்தோசா, புளாவ் மேகோங்ர புளாவ் யுபின், ஜூராங் தீவு ஆகியவை மற்ற குறிப்பிடதக்க தீவுகள் ஆகும்.

கடலிலிருந்து நிலத்தை மீட்கும் திட்டம் செயலில் உள்ளது. இதன் காரணமாக 1960ல் 581.5 ச. கிமீ (224.5 சதுர மைல்) இருந்த நிலப்பரப்பு தற்போது் 704 ச.கிமீ (272 சதுர மைல்) ஆக உள்ளது. 2030ம் ஆண்டில் மேலும் 100 ச. கிமீ நிலம் மீட்கப்பட்டுவிடுமென எதிர்பார்க்கப்படுகிறது . சில நிலமீட்பு திட்டங்களில் சிறிய தீவுகள் ஒன்றிணைக்கப்பட்டு பெரிய தீவு உருவாக்கப்படுகின்றன. நகரமயமாக்கல் பெரும்பாலான முதன்மை மழைக்காடுகளை அழித்துவிட்டாலும் 5% நிலமானது இயற்கை காடுகளாகப் பாதுகாக்கப்படுகிறது . புகிட் திமா என்பது குறிப்பிடத்தகுந்த அழிக்கப்படாத காடாகும்.

சிங்கப்பூர் அயனமண்டல தட்பவெப்பநிலை உள்ள நாடாகும். ஆண்டு முழுவதும் வெப்பநிலையில் பெரிய மாறுதல்கள் இருக்காது. அதிகளவு ஈரப்பதம், மழைப்பொழிவு இருக்கும். இந்தோனேசியாவில் காடுகளை எரிப்பதால் இங்கு வானம் மங்கலாக மூட்டத்துடன் காணப்படும்.

 பொருளாதாரம்
விடுதலைக்கு முன்பு இப்பகுதியிலிருந்த பிரித்தானிய குடியிருப்புக்களின் தலைநகராகச் சிங்கப்பூர் விளங்கியது. பிரித்தானியரின் முதன்மை கடற்படை தளமாகக் கிழக்காசியாவில் இது விளங்கியது. பிரித்தானியாவின் கடற்படை தளமாக இருப்பதால் சிங்கப்பூரில் உலகின் பெரிய உலர் கப்பல் பராமரிக்கும் களம் இருந்தது. சிங்கப்பூர் கிழக்கின் ஜிப்ரால்ட்டர் என்று அழைக்கப்பட்டது. சுயஸ் கால்வாய் திறந்ததால் உலக வணிகத்தில் பெரிய வளர்ச்சி ஏற்பட்டது. அதனால் சிங்கப்பூர் வணிகத்தின் முதன்மை வழியாக விளங்கியது. அதன் காரணமாகச் சிங்கப்பூர் துறைமுகம் உலகின் பெரிய துறைமுகமாக மாறியது. விடுதலைக்கு முன்பு சிங்கப்பூரின் மொத்த உள்நாட்டு உற்பத்தி நபர் ஒன்றுக்கு 511 டாலராக இருந்தது. இது அப்போது கிழக்காசியாவில் மூன்றாவது உயர்வான நிலையாகும். விடுதலைக்கு பின்பு அன்னிய நேரடி முதலீடு மற்றும் சிங்கப்பூர் முன்னெடுத்த தொழிற்புரட்சிக்கான வழிகளும் அந்நாட்டை புதிய பொருளாதார நாடாக மாற்றியது.

தற்போதைய சிங்கப்பூர் சந்தை பொருளாதாரத்தின் மூலம் மிகவும் முன்னேற்றமடைந்துள்ளது. சிங்கப்பூரின் பொருளாதாரம் முதலீட்டாளர்க்கு உகந்ததாகவும் வணிக கட்டுப்பாடுகள் குறைந்ததாகவும் உள்ளது. இது உலகின் ஊழல் குறைந்த நாடுகளில் ஒன்று. சிங்கப்பூர் உலகின் 14வது பெரிய ஏற்றுமதியாளராகவும் 15வது பெரிய இறக்குமதியாளராகவும் உள்ளது. இசுடாண்டர்ட் அண்ட் புவர்சு, மூடிசு, பிட்ச் ஆகிய மூன்று கடன் மதிப்பீடு நிறுவனங்களின் நாணயநிலை மதிப்பீட்டில் ஆசியாவில் சிங்கப்பூர் மட்டுமே உயர் மதிப்பீடு (AAA) பெற்ற நாடாகும் . ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா, நிப்பான், ஐரோப்பா ஆகியவற்றின் 7,000க்கும் மேற்பட்ட பன்னாட்டு நிறுவனங்களின் கிளைகள் இங்குள்ளன. 1500 சீன, இந்திய நிறுவனங்களின் கிளைகள் இங்குள்ளன. இங்குள்ள அனைத்து துறைகளிலும் வெளிநாட்டு நிறுவனங்கள் ஈடுபட்டுள்ளன. இந்தியாவின் இரண்டாவது பெரிய அன்னிய முதலீட்டாளர் சிங்கப்பூராகும் . சிங்கப்பூரின் தொழிலாளர்களில் கிட்டதட்ட 44 விழுக்காட்டினர் சிங்கப்பூர் குடிமக்கள் அல்லாத வெளிநாட்டினராகும்"44 Percent of Workforce Are Non-Citizens" (our estimate). Your Salary in Singapore.. சிங்கப்பூர் பத்தாவது பெரிய வெளிநாட்டு நிதியிருப்பை கொண்டுள்ள நாடாகும்Official Foreign Reserves, Monetary Authority of Singapore."Top 10 countries with Largest Foreign Exchange Reserves" , Shine, 8 September 2009.. சிங்கப்பூரின் நாணயம் சிங்கப்பூர் வெள்ளியாகும், இதை வெளியிடுவது சிங்கப்பூர் பண அதிகார அமைப்பாகும். சிங்கப்பூர் வெள்ளியை புருனை வெள்ளியுடன் பரிமாற்றிக்கொள்ளலாம் .

சிங்கப்பூர் பொருளாதாராம் ஏற்றுமதியையே பெரிதும் நம்பி உள்ளது. இயந்திர பொறியியல் துறை, உயிரிமருத்துவ அறிவியல் துறை, வேதிப்பொருட்கள், மின்னனு பொருட்கள் போன்றவை ஏற்றுமதியில் பெரும் பங்கு வகிக்கின்றன. சிறிய நாடாக இருந்தபோதிலும் சிங்கப்பூர் பன்முகத்தன்மை வாய்ந்த பொருளாதாரத்தை கொண்டுள்ளது. இந்த உத்தியால் ஏதாவது ஒரு துறையில் பாதிப்பு ஏற்பட்டாலும் அது நாட்டின் வளர்ச்சியையும் நிலைத்தன்மையையும் பாதிக்காதென அரசு கருதுகிறது.

thumb|400px|சிங்கப்பூர் வான்வெளி
இதன் பொருளாதாரத்தில் சுற்றுலாத் துறையும் பெரும்பங்கு வகிக்கிறது. 2007ஆம் ஆண்டு 10.2 மில்லியன் சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகள் வருகைபுரிந்தார்கள் Year Book of Statistics, Singapore. Singapore Tourism Board.. சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளை ஈர்ப்பதற்கு சூதாட்ட இடங்களை 2005ல் அரசு அனுமதித்தது. மருத்துவ சுற்றுலாவின் மையமாகத் தன்னை மேம்படுத்தும் முயற்சியில் சிங்கப்பூர் தீவிரமாக உள்ளது. ஒவ்வொரு ஆண்டும் ஏறத்தாழ 200,000 வெளிநாட்டவர்கள் மருத்துவ சிகிச்சை பெறுவதற்காகச் சிங்கப்பூர் வருகிறார்கள். 2012ல் ஒரு மில்லியன் மருத்துவ சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளுக்கு மருத்துவம் பார்த்து 3 பில்லியன் அமெரிக்க வெள்ளியை வருமானமாகப் பெற அரசு குறிக்கோள் கொண்டுள்ளது . சிங்கப்பூர் கல்வி மையமாகவும் திகழ்கிறது. 2006ல் 80,000க்கும் அதிகமான வெளிநாட்டு மாணவர்கள் இங்கு படித்தார்கள் . 5,000க்கும் அதிகமான மலேசிய மாணவர்கள் தினமும் ஜொகூர்-சிங்கப்பூர் காசுவல் வே வழியாகத் தினமும் வந்து படித்துச் செல்கிறார்கள். 2009ல் சிங்கப்பூர் பல்கலைக்கழகங்களில் 20% வெளிநாட்டு மாணவர்கள் படித்தார்கள். வெளிநாட்டு மாணவர்களில் பெரும்பாலோர் தென்கிழக்காசியா, சீனா, இந்தியாவைச் சார்ந்தவர்கள்
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சிங்கப்பூர் உலகின் நான்காவது முன்னணி நிதி மையமாகவும்"Global Financial Centres 7" , City of London, March 2010., சூதாட்டத்திற்கான இரண்டாவது பெரிய சந்தையாகவும் திகழ்கிறது. அதிக பொருட்களைக் கையாளும் உலகின் முன்னணித் துறைமுகங்களில் சிங்கப்பூர் துறைமுகமும் ஒன்றாகும். உலக வங்கி வணிகம் செய்வதற்கு கட்டுப்பாடுகள் மிகக்குறைந்த இடம் எனச் சிங்கப்பூரைத் தெரிவு செய்துள்ளது இதைச் சிறந்த தளவாடங்கள் மையம் எனவும் வரிசை படுத்தியுள்ளது. இலண்டன், நியு யார்க், டோக்கியோவிற்கு அடுத்து சிங்கப்பூர் நான்காவது பெரிய வெளிநாட்டு நாணய பரிமாற்ற மையமாகும்.

2001ல் ஏற்பட்ட உலகப் பொருளாதார மந்தநிலை காரணமாகச் சிங்கப்பூரின் மொத்த உள்நாட்டு உற்பத்தி 2.2% குறைந்தது. இதனால் 2001 டிசம்பரில் பொருளாதார மீளாய்வு ஆணையம் ஏற்படுத்தப்பட்டு அது பொருளாதாரத்தைச் சீரமைக்க பல்வேறு கொள்கைகளைப் பரிந்துரைத்தது. உலக பொருளாதாரத்தில் ஏற்பட்ட வளர்ச்சியால் சிங்கப்பூர் மந்தநலையிலிருந்து மீண்டது. 2004ல் 8.3விழுக்காடு 2005ல் 6.4 விழுக்காடு வளர்ச்சி ஏற்பட்டது, 2006ல் 7.9 விழுக்காடு வளர்ச்சி ஏற்பட்டது. 2009ல் 0.8 விழுக்காடு வளர்ச்சி குறைந்து 2010ல் பொருளாதாரம் மீண்டு 14.5 விழுக்காடு வளர்ச்சி ஏற்பட்டது. சேவைத் துறையிலேயே பெரும்பாலானவர்கள் வேலை செய்கிறார்கள். டிசம்பர் 2010 கணக்குப்படி 3,102,500 பணியிடங்களிலில் 2,151,400 பணியிடங்கள் சேவைத் துறையைச் சார்ந்தது ஆகும். 15 வயதுக்கு மேற்பட்டவர்களில் வேலை வாய்ப்பில்லாமல் இருப்பவர்கள் 2 விழுக்காடு ஆகும்.

விழுக்காடு கணக்கில் சிங்கப்பூரிலேயே அதிக மில்லியனர்கள் உள்ளனர். ஆறு வீட்டுகளில் ஒரு வீடு நிலம், வணிகம், வீடு, ஆடம்பர பொருட்கள் இல்லாமல் மில்லியன் அமெரிக்க வெள்ளியை கொண்டுள்ளது. சிங்கப்பூரில் நிலத்தின் மதிப்பு மிகவும் அதிகமாகும். பொருளாதார நிலையில் முன்னேற்றம் அடைந்த நாடாக இருந்த போதிலும் இங்கு குறைந்தபட்ச ஊதியம் என்பது தீர்மானிக்கப்படவில்லை. முன்னேற்றமடைந்த நாடுகளில் இங்கு ஊதிய ஏற்றத்தாழ்வு மிக அதிகம் .

 பண்பாடு
சிங்கப்பூர் பண்பாடு ஒரு கலப்புப் பண்பாடு. மலாய் மக்கள், தமிழர், சீனர், அரபு நாட்டினரின் பண்பாடுகள் பின்பற்றப்படுகின்றன. சிங்கப்பூரின் வெற்றிக்கும் அதன் தனித்துவத்துக்கும் சமய, இன நல்லுறவு அரசாங்கத்தில் முக்கிய காரணமாக அதன் சமய, இன நல்லுறவுக் கொள்கை முக்கிய பங்கு வகிக்கிறது. மேலும் நாட்டின் மொத்தச் மக்கள்தொகையில் 42 விழுக்காடு வெளிநாட்டினராக உள்ளனர். அவர்கள் சிங்கப்பூரின் கலாசாரத்தில் பாரிய செல்வாக்குச் செலுத்துகின்றனர்.

 விளையாட்டும் பொழுதுபோக்கும்

பிரபலமான விளையாட்டுக்களாகக் கால்பந்து, கூடைப்பந்து, துடுப்பாட்டம், நீச்சல், படகோட்டம், மேசைப்பந்து, பூப்பந்து என்பன காணப்படுகின்றன. பெரும்பாலான சிங்கப்பூரியர்கள் பொது நீச்சல் குளங்கள், வெளிப்புற கூடைப்பந்தாட்ட திடல்கள், உள்ளரங்க விளையாட்டு வளாகங்கள் போன்ற வசதிகளை அருகில் கொண்ட பொது குடியிருப்பு பகுதிகளில் வாழ்கின்றனர். தண்ணீர் விளையாட்டுக்களான படகோட்டம், கயாகிங், நீர் சறுக்கு போன்றவை பிரபலமாக உள்ளன. இசுகூபா டைவிங் மற்றொரு பிரபலமான உற்சாக விளையாட்டாக இருக்கிறது.
1994 இல் உருவாக்கப்பட்ட சிங்கப்பூர் கால்பந்து லீக், தற்போது வெளிநாட்டு அணிகள் உட்பட 12 கழகங்களைக் கொண்டுள்ளது. முன்னாள் ஆஸ்திரேலிய தேசிய கூடைப்பந்து லீக் எனப்படும் சிங்கப்பூர் சிலிங்கர்சு அக்டோபர் 2009 இல் நிறுவப்பட்ட ஆசியான் கூடைப்பந்து லீக்கில் உள்ள தொடக்க அணிகளில் ஒன்றாகும்.

 ஊடகம்
ஆங்கிலம், சீனம், மலாய், தமிழ் ஆகிய மொழிகளில் தொலைக்காட்சியும், வானொலியும், செய்தித்தாள்களும் உள்ளன. வசந்தம் என்பது தமிழ் தொலைக்காட்சியாகும். ஒலி என்பது தமிழ் வானொலி, தமிழ்முரசு என்பது செய்திதாள் ஆகும். மீடியாகார்ப் என்ற நிறுவனம் பெரும்பாலான தொலைக்காட்சி, வானொலி நிலையங்களை நடத்துகிறது. இது அரசு முதலீட்டு அமைப்புக்குச் சொந்தமானதாகும். சிங்கப்பூர் பிரசு கோல்டிங்சு என்பது செய்தித்தாள்களைக் கட்டுப்படுத்தும் அமைப்பாகும். தமிழ்முரசை இவ்வமைப்பே நடத்துகிறது. சிங்கப்பூரில் ஊடக சுதந்திரம் குறைவு. சிங்கப்பூரில் 3.4 மில்லியன் இணைய பயனாளிகள் உள்ளனர். இது உலகளவில் அதிகமாகும். இணையத்திற்கு அதிக கட்டுப்பாடுகளை அரசு விதிக்கவில்லை. சில நூறு (பெரும்பாலும் ஆபாச தளங்கள்) இணைய தளங்களைத் தடை செய்துள்ளது. இத்தடை வீட்டு இணைப்புகளுக்கு மட்டுமே; அலுவலக இணைய இணைப்புகளுக்குத் தடை இல்லை.

 மக்கள் தொகையியல்
 மக்கள்
2011ம் ஆண்டின்படி சிங்கப்பூரின் மக்கள் தொகை 5.18 மில்லியன் ஆகும். இதில் 3.25 மில்லியன்(64%) மக்கள் சிங்கப்பூர் நாட்டின் குடியுரிமம் பெற்றவர்கள். மேலும் உலகளவில் ஒரு நாட்டின் சனத்தொகையில் அதிக வெளிநாட்டினரைக் கொண்ட நாடுகளில் 6ம் இடத்தை வகிக்கிறது. இவர்கள் தொழிலாளர்களாகக் காணப்படுகின்றனர். 2009 கணக்கெடுப்பின்படி சீனர்கள் 74.2%மாகவும், மலாயர் 13.4%மாகவும், இந்தியர் 9.2%மாகவும் உள்ளனர்.

2010ம் ஆண்டுக்கு முன்பு சிங்கப்பூர் மக்கள் தங்களை ஏதாவது ஒரு இனத்தை சார்ந்தவர்களாகத் தான் குறிப்பிடமுடியும். இயல்பாகத் தந்தையின் இனத்தையே மகன் அல்லது மகள் சார்ந்ததாக அரசு பதிவேட்டில் குறிப்பிடப்படும். இதனால் அரசு கணக்கின் படி பல்லின கலப்பு மக்கள் இல்லை என்றே இருக்கும். 2010க்கு பின்பு இரு இனங்களை சார்ந்தவர் எனப் பதிவு செய்யும் முறை நடைமுறைக்கு வந்தது. 1000 மக்களுக்கு 1400 அலைபேசிகள் உள்ளன. நிலப்பற்றாக்குறையால் அரசு நிதியுதவி பெற்ற, அடுக்கு மாடி வீட்டு மனைகளை வீட்டுவசதி வாரியத்தின் மூலம் மக்களுக்கு வழங்குகிறது. குழந்தை பிறப்பு குறைவாக உள்ள நாடுகளில் சிங்கப்பூரும் ஒன்று.

 மதம்

சிங்கப்பூர் பல மதங்கள் கொண்ட ஒரு நாடு. 33% சிங்கப்பூர்வாசிகள் பௌத்தத்தையும், 18% மக்கள் கிறித்துவத்தையும் பின்பற்றுகின்றனர். எந்த மதமும் சாராதவர்கள் 17% உள்ளனர். 15% மக்கள் இசுலாம் மதத்தினைப் பின்பற்றுகின்றனர். இசுலாமை பின்பற்றுபவர்கள் பெரும்பாலும் மலாய் மக்கள் ஆவர். டாவோயிசத்தை 11% மக்கள் பின்பற்றுகின்றனர். சிறுபான்மை மக்கள் பலர் இந்து சமயத்தையும், சீக்கிய சமயத்தையும் பின்பற்றுகின்றனர். பௌத்த சமயத்தையும் டாவோயிசத்தையும் பெரும்பாலும் சீனர்களே பின்பற்றுகின்றனர். இந்து சமயத்தைப் பின்பற்றுபவர்களில் பெரும்பாலோர் இந்தியர் ஆவர்.

பௌத்தத்தின் மூன்று பிரிவுகளான மகாயாணம், வஜ்ராயணம், தேரவாததிற்கு இங்கு மடங்கள் உண்டு. பெரும்பாலோர் மகாயாணத்தை பின்பற்றுகின்றனர் . சீன மகாயாணமே இங்கு பெரும்பாலானவர்களால் பின்பற்றப்படுகிறது.

 மொழி
ஆங்கிலம், மாண்டரின், மலாய், தமிழ் ஆகியவை சிங்கப்பூர் அரசின் ஏற்புடைய மொழிகளாகும். சிங்கப்பூர் விடுதலை அடைந்தது முதல் ஆட்சி மொழியாக ஆங்கிலம் வளர்க்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. சிங்கப்பூரர்களில் சுமார் 100,000 பேர் அல்லது 3 விழுக்காட்டினர் தமிழை தங்கள் சொந்த மொழியாகப் பேசுகின்றனர்.
250px|thumbnail|இடது|ஆங்கிலம், சீனம், தமிழ், மலாயில் எழுதப்பட்டுள்ள எச்சரிக்கை
சிங்கப்பூரின் தேசிய மொழி மலாய். சிங்கப்பூரின் தேசிய கீதம் மலாய் மொழியில் இயற்றப்பட்டுள்ளது. மலாய் தேசிய மொழியாக இருந்தாலும் நடைமுறையில் ஆங்கிலத்துக்கே அரசு முக்கியத்துவம் கொடுக்கிறது, அண்டை நாடுகளான மலேசியா, இந்தோனேசியா போன்றவற்றில் மலாய் தேசிய மொழியாக உள்ளதால் அண்டை நாடுகளுடன் சச்சரவுகளைத் தவிர்க்க மலாயை தேசிய மொழியாகக் கொண்டுள்ளது  . அரசாங்கத்தின் அலுவல்கள், வணிகம், கல்வி போன்றவை ஆங்கிலத்திலேயே நடக்கின்றன.. சிங்கப்பூரின் அரசியலமைப்பு மற்றும் சட்டங்கள் ஆங்கிலத்திலேயே உள்ளன, . நீதிமன்றத்தின் மொழியாகவும் ஆங்கிலமே உள்ளது. நீதிமன்றத்தில் ஆங்கிலம் அல்லாத மற்ற மொழியில் முறையிட வேண்டும் என்றால் மொழிபெயர்ப்பாளர் தேவை.. 20 விழுக்காடு சிங்கப்பூர் மக்களுக்கு ஆங்கிலத்தில் படிக்கவோ எழுதவோ தெரியாது. 2010ம் ஆண்டு கணக்கின்படி 71 விழுக்காடு மக்களுக்கு இரண்டு அல்லது அதற்கு அதிகமான மொழிகள் தெரியும் . சிங்கப்பூரில் பெரும்பான்மை (பாதி மக்கள்) மக்களின் மொழியாக சீனம் உள்ளது.

 கல்வி
thumb|நன்யாங் தொழினுட்ப பல்கலைக்கழகத்தின் நிருவாகக் கட்டிடம், சிங்கப்பூரின் ஐந்து அரசு பல்கலைக்கழகங்களில் ஒன்றாகும்.
ஆரம்ப, இரண்டாம், மூன்றாம் நிலைக் கல்விக்கு பெரும்பாலும் அரசு துணைபுரிகிறது. அனைத்து தனியார் மற்றும் பொதுக் கல்வி நிறுவனங்களும் கட்டாயமாகக் கல்வி அமைச்சில் பதிவு செய்யப்பட வேண்டும். அரசு பள்ளிகளின் பயிற்று மொழியாக ஆங்கிலம் இருக்கிறது. "தாய் மொழி" தவிர அனைத்து பாடங்களும் ஆங்கிலத்தில் கற்பிக்கப்படுவதுடன் தேர்வுகளும் ஆங்கிலத்திலேயே நடாத்தப்படுகின்றன. அதே சமயம் பொதுவாக "தாய் மொழி" சர்வதேச அளவில் முதல் மொழியைக் குறித்தாலும்; சிங்கப்பூர் கல்வி முறையில், இது இரண்டாவது மொழியைக் குறிக்க பயன்படுத்தப்படுகிறது, ஆங்கிலம் முதல் மொழி எனப்படுகிறது. வெளிநாடுகளில் சிலகாலம் இருந்த மாணவர்கள் அல்லது தங்கள் "தாய் மொழியைக்" கற்க சிரமப்படுபவர்களுக்கு ஒரு எளிமையான பாடத்திட்டத்தினை எடுக்க அல்லது பாடத்தைக் கைவிட அனுமதிக்கப்படுகிறது.

கல்வி மூன்று நிலைகளில் நடைபெறுகிறது: அவை "ஆரம்பக் கல்வி", "இடைநிலைக் கல்வி", "பல்கலைக்கழகத்திற்கு முந்தைய கல்வி" என்பனவாகும். இவற்றில் ஆரம்பக் கல்வி மாத்திரமே கட்டாயமானது, இது மாணவர்களுக்கு நான்கு ஆண்டு அடிப்படைப் பயிற்சியையும் இரு ஆண்டுகள் திசையமைவு பயிற்சியையும் வழங்குகிறது. மொத்தமாக ஆரம்பப் பள்ளி ஆறு ஆண்டுகளாகும். பாடத்திட்டமானது ஆங்கிலம், தாய்மொழி, கணிதம் ஆகியவற்றிலான அறிவை வளர்ப்பதில் கவனம் செலுத்துகிறது. அனைத்து மாணவர்களுக்கும் ஆங்கிலம், தாய்மொழி, கணிதம், அறிவியல் பாடங்கள் கற்பிக்கப்படுகின்றன.

சிங்கப்பூரின் இரண்டு முக்கிய பொதுப் பல்கலைக்கழகங்களான சிங்கப்பூர் தேசியப் பல்கலைக்கழகம் மற்றும் நன்யாங் தொழில்நுட்பப் பல்கலைக்கழகம் உலகின் சிறந்த 100 பல்கலைக்கழகங்களினுள் அடங்குகிறன.

 போக்குவரத்து

சிங்கப்பூர் சிறிய, மக்கள் அடர்த்திமிக்க நாடாகியதால் இங்கு தனியார் மகிழுந்து வைத்துக்கொள்ளப் பல கட்டுப்பாடுகளை அரசு விதித்துள்ளது. இது சாலைகளில் நெரிச்சலை தவிர்க்கவும் மாசுபடுதலை குறைக்கவும் அரசு மேற்கொள்ளும் ஒரு நடவடிக்கையாகும். மகிழுந்து வாங்க அதன் சந்தை மதிப்பை விட ஒன்றறை மடங்கு சுங்கத்தீர்வை வாங்குபவர் அரசுக்கு செலுத்த வேண்டும். மேலும் அவர் சிங்கப்பூரின் மகிழுந்து வாங்க உரிய தகுதி சான்றிதழ் (COE) வாங்க வேண்டும். இச்சான்றிதழ் 10 ஆண்டுகளுக்கு மகிழுந்தை சிங்கப்பூரில் ஓட்ட அனுமதிக்கிறது. இங்கு மகிழுந்தின் விலை அதிகம், சிங்கப்பூர்வாசிகளில் 10க்கு ஒருவர் மகிழுந்து வைத்துள்ளார் .
thumb|right|300px|மின்னனு கட்டண சாலை வடக்கு பாலம் சாலை
தனிப்பட்ட முறையில் மகிழுந்து வைத்துக்கொள்ளப் பல கட்டுப்பாடுகள் இருப்பதாலும் பேருந்து தொடருந்து வசதி நன்றாக இருப்பதாலும் பெரும்பாலான சிங்கப்பூர்வாசிகள் பேருந்து, தொடருந்து, வாடகை மகிழுந்து, மிதிவண்டி மூலம் பயணம் மேற்கொள்கின்றனர். எசு.பி.எசு டிரான்சிட் என்ற நிறுவனம் பேருந்துகளை இயக்குகிறது. எசு.எம்.ஆர்.டி கழகம் என்ற நிறுவனம் பேருந்துகளையும் தொடருந்துகளையும் இயக்குகிறது. 12க்கும் மேற்பட்ட நிறுவனங்கள் வாடகை மகிழுந்துகளை இயக்குகின்றன. 25,000 வாடகை மகிழுந்துகள் சிங்கப்பூரில் உள்ளன. மற்ற முன்னேரிய நாடுகளுடன் ஒப்பிடும் போது வாடகை மகிழுந்துகளின் வாடகை குறைவு, எனவே இவற்றின் பயன்பாடு மக்களிடையே அதிகம் உள்ளது.

சிங்கப்பூரின் சாலைகளின் மொத்த தொலைவு 3,356 கி.மீட்டர், இதில் 161 கிலோ மீட்டர் விரைவுச் சாலைகளாகும். உலகின் முதல் நெரிச்சல் கட்டண திட்டமான சிங்கப்பூர் வட்டார உரிம திட்டம் 1975ல் நடைமுறை படுத்தப்பட்டது. 1998ல் இத்திட்டம் மேம்படுத்தப்பட்டு மின்னனு கட்டண சாலை என்ற பெயரில் செயல்படத் தொடங்கியது. இதன் மூலம் மின்னனுமுறையில் சுங்கம் வசுலித்தல், மின்னனு முறையில் உணர்தல், காணொளிமூலம் கண்காணித்தல் போன்றவை அறிமுகப்படுத்தப்பட்டது.

ஆசியாவில் பன்னாட்டு போக்குவரத்தின் முக்கிய மையமாகச் சிங்கப்பூர் விளங்குகிறது. 2005ல் சிங்கப்பூர் துறைமுகம் 1.15 மில்லியன் டன் (கப்பலின் மொத்த சுமையளவு) கையாண்டது. சாங்காய் துறைமுகத்துக்கு அடுத்தபடியாக அதிக அளவான சரக்குகளை (423 மில்லியன் டன்) கையாண்டது. கப்பலின் பொருட்களை வேறு கப்பலுக்கு மாற்றும் முதன்மை மையமாகவும் திகழ்கிறது. கப்பல்கள் எரிபொருளை நிரப்பும் மையமாகவும் திகழ்கிறது.

தென்கிழக்காசியாவின் வானூர்தி மையமாகச் சிங்கப்பூர் விளங்குகிறது. இலண்டனிலிருந்து சிட்னி செல்லும் வானூர்திகள், பயணிகள் இடைத்தங்கும் இடமாகவும் சிங்கப்பூர் விளங்குகிறது . சிங்கப்பூரில் 8 வானூர்தி நிலையங்கள் உள்ளன. சிங்கப்பூர் சாங்கி வானூர்தி நிலையம் 80 வானூர்தி நிறுவனங்கள் வந்து செல்லும் இடமாக உள்ளது. இவை 68 நாடுகளில் உள்ள 302 நகரங்களை இணைக்கின்றன. சிங்கப்பூர் வான்வழி இந்நாட்டின் தேசிய வானூர்தியாகும்.

 இவற்றையும் பார்க்கவும்
 சிங்கப்பூர் தமிழர்
 சிங்கப்பூர் கோயில்கள்

 மேற்கோள்கள்
Notes

Bibliography

 Lee Kuan Yew (2000). From Third World To First: The Singapore Story: 1965–2000. New York: HarperCollins.

 வெளி இணைப்புகள்

 சிங்கப்பூர் அரசின் இணையதளம்
 விக்கி ட்ரேவல் - சிங்கப்பூர் வழிகாட்டி

பகுப்பு:தென்கிழக்கு ஆசிய நாடுகள்
பகுப்பு:முன்னாள் பிரித்தானியக் குடியேற்றங்கள்
பகுப்பு:ஆசியத் தலைநகரங்கள்
பகுப்பு:தீவு நாடுகள்
பகுப்பு:ஐக்கிய நாடுகள் சபையின் உறுப்பு நாடுகள்

In some stagnation plans, small dishes are combined and large dishes are created.

Although the city has destroyed the majority of the primary waters, the 5% is stable and the nature is protected from the waters.

திட்டங்களில்

ஒன்றிணைக்கப்பட்டு

உருவாக்கப்படுகின்றன

"நகரமயமாக்கல்

மழைக்காடுகளை

அழித்துவிட்டாலும்

பாதுகாக்கப்படுகிறது

Question: what percentage of the earth is stable

In some stagnation plans, small dishes are combined and large dishes are created.

Although the city has destroyed the majority of the primary waters, the 5% is stable and the nature is protected from the waters.

Question: in what type of plans are small dishes combined and large dishes created

in what type of plans are small dishes combined and large dishes created

Question: small dishes are combined and large dishes are created in what type of plans

திட்டங்களில்

small dishes are combined and large dishes are created in what type of plans

Question: what happens in stagnation plans

சிறிய தீவுகள் ஒன்றிணைக்கப்பட்டு

Question: what has happened to the majority of the primary waters in the city

அழித்துவிட்டாலும்

what has happened to the majority of the primary waters in the city

Question: what is the state of the 5% of primary water in the city

what is the state of the 5% of primary water in the city

Question: what happens when small dishes are combined in stagnation plans

தீவுகள் ஒன்றிணைக்கப்பட்டு பெரிய தீவு உருவாக்கப்படுகின்றன

what happens when small dishes are combined in stagnation plans

Question: what is combined in stagnation plans

In some stagnation plans , small dishes are combined and large dishes are created .

Although the city has destroyed the majority of the primary waters , the 5 % is stable and the nature is protected from the waters .

சில நிலமீட்பு திட்டங்களில் சிறிய தீவுகள் ஒன்றிணைக்கப்பட்டு பெரிய தீவு உருவாக்கப்படுகின்றன. நகரமயமாக்கல் பெரும்பாலான முதன்மை மழைக்காடுகளை அழித்துவிட்டாலும் 5% நிலமானது இயற்கை காடுகளாகப் பாதுகாக்கப்படுகிறது .

சில நிலமீட்பு திட்டங்களில் சிறிய தீவுகள் ஒன்றிணைக்கப்பட்டு பெரிய தீவு உருவாக்கப்படுகின்றன.

நகரமயமாக்கல் பெரும்பாலான முதன்மை மழைக்காடுகளை அழித்துவிட்டாலும் 5% நிலமானது இயற்கை காடுகளாகப் பாதுகாக்கப்படுகிறது .

In some stagnation plans, small dishes are combined and large dishes are created. Although the city has destroyed the majority of the primary waters, the 5% is stable and the nature is protected from the waters.

In some stagnation plans, small dishes are combined and large dishes are created.

Although the city has destroyed the majority of the primary waters, the 5% is stable and the nature is protected from the waters.

It is a very long time for the world, and it is a very long time for the world, and it is a very long time for the world.

It is also the first time that we have a small amount of money and we have a small amount of money and we have a small amount of money.

பொருளாதாரத்தின்

முன்னேற்றமடைந்துள்ளது

சிங்கப்பூரின்

முதலீட்டாளர்க்கு

உகந்ததாகவும்

கட்டுப்பாடுகள்

குறைந்ததாகவும்

Question: what is the first time that we have a small amount of

It is a very long time for the world, and it is a very long time for the world, and it is a very long time for the world.

It is also the first time that we have a small amount of money and we have a small amount of money and we have a small amount of money.

what is the first time that we have a small amount of

Question: who is it going to take a long time for

Question: how much money does the world have

உகந்ததாகவும் வணிக கட்டுப்பாடுகள் குறைந்ததாகவும்

Question: is it a long time for the world

பொருளாதாரத்தின்

Question: is it the first time that we have a small amount of money

உகந்ததாகவும் வணிக கட்டுப்பாடுகள் குறைந்ததாகவும் உள்ளது

is it the first time that we have a small amount of money

It is a very long time for the world , and it is a very long time for the world , and it is a very long time for the world .

It is also the first time that we have a small amount of money and we have a small amount of money and we have a small amount of money .

தற்போதைய சிங்கப்பூர் சந்தை பொருளாதாரத்தின் மூலம் மிகவும் முன்னேற்றமடைந்துள்ளது. சிங்கப்பூரின் பொருளாதாரம் முதலீட்டாளர்க்கு உகந்ததாகவும் வணிக கட்டுப்பாடுகள் குறைந்ததாகவும் உள்ளது.

தற்போதைய சிங்கப்பூர் சந்தை பொருளாதாரத்தின் மூலம் மிகவும் முன்னேற்றமடைந்துள்ளது. சிங்கப்பூரின்

பொருளாதாரம் முதலீட்டாளர்க்கு உகந்ததாகவும் வணிக கட்டுப்பாடுகள் குறைந்ததாகவும் உள்ளது.

It is a very long time for the world, and it is a very long time for the world, and it is a very long time for the world. It is also the first time that we have a small amount of money and we have a small amount of money and we have a small amount of money.

It is a very long time for the world, and it is a very long time for the world, and it is a very long time for the world.

It is also the first time that we have a small amount of money and we have a small amount of money and we have a small amount of money.

There are more than 7,000 subsidiary companies in the United States, the United States, and the European Union.

1500 Chinese, these companies' claims are here.

All foreign companies were involved in the halls.

நிறுவனங்களின்

நிறுவனங்களின்

ஈடுபட்டுள்ளன

Question: how many chinese were involved in the halls

There are more than 7,000 subsidiary companies in the United States, the United States, and the European Union.

1500 Chinese, these companies' claims are here.

All foreign companies were involved in the halls.

how many chinese were involved in the halls

Question: how many subsidiary companies are there in the us

how many subsidiary companies are there in the us

Question: how many subsidiary companies are there in the us, the united states, and the euro

how many subsidiary companies are there in the us, the united states, and the euro

Question: how many foreign companies were involved in the halls

how many foreign companies were involved in the halls

Question: where were all foreign companies involved

where were all foreign companies involved

Question: what nationality were the foreign companies involved in the halls

what nationality were the foreign companies involved in the halls

Question: what were all foreign companies involved in

what were all foreign companies involved in

Question: along with the united states and the usa, what other entity is involved in the

along with the united states and the usa, what other entity is involved in the

There are more than 7,000 subsidiary companies in the United States , the United States , and the European Union .

1500 Chinese , these companies ' claims are here .

All foreign companies were involved in the halls .

ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா, நிப்பான், ஐரோப்பா ஆகியவற்றின் 7,000க்கும் மேற்பட்ட பன்னாட்டு நிறுவனங்களின் கிளைகள் இங்குள்ளன. 1500 சீன, இந்திய நிறுவனங்களின் கிளைகள் இங்குள்ளன. இங்குள்ள அனைத்து துறைகளிலும் வெளிநாட்டு நிறுவனங்கள் ஈடுபட்டுள்ளன.

ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா, நிப்பான், ஐரோப்பா ஆகியவற்றின் 7,000க்கும் மேற்பட்ட பன்னாட்டு நிறுவனங்களின் கிளைகள் இங்குள்ளன.

1500 சீன, இந்திய நிறுவனங்களின் கிளைகள் இங்குள்ளன. இங்குள்ள

அனைத்து துறைகளிலும் வெளிநாட்டு நிறுவனங்கள் ஈடுபட்டுள்ளன.

There are more than 7,000 subsidiary companies in the United States, the United States, and the European Union. 1500 Chinese, these companies' claims are here. All foreign companies were involved in the halls.

There are more than 7,000 subsidiary companies in the United States, the United States, and the European Union.

1500 Chinese, these companies' claims are here.

All foreign companies were involved in the halls.

This is the second great one in the world, and the first one in the world.

About 44 percent of workers are not citizens (our estimate).

"இந்தியாவின்

முதலீட்டாளர்

சிங்கப்பூராகும்

சிங்கப்பூரின்

"தொழிலாளர்களில்

விழுக்காட்டினர்

வெளிநாட்டினராகும்""44

The next time you hear the word “locals”, tell yourself it actually means “PRs and citizens”.
Similarly, “foreigners” means “foreigners who are non-PRs”.
Locals aren’t all Singapore citizens, and foreigners don’t include PRs. Confusing?
In yet another good example of the locals-foreigners confusion, the Manpower Ministry has proclaimed in its Labour Market 2009 report that “there were 1,053,500 foreigners forming 35.2% of total employment in December 2009″ (italics are mine).
By “foreigners”, the ministry is of course referring to “foreigners who are non-PRs”. The foreigners who are PRs are not included in the 1,053,500 count. Instead, they are lumped together with citizens in the “locals” group. It’s only on page 57 of the report that you get a clear and unambiguous statement on this:
“a local (also known as resident) employee is any Singapore citizen or Permanent Resident who is employed…” (emphasis mine).
So exactly how many non-citizens are there in our workforce? I don’t know.
But to get an idea of how many non-citizens are in our workforce – i.e. foreigners who are not citizens regardless of whether they are PRs or not – we have to do some calculations. (Heck, are they testing our maths?)
According to that MOM report, there are 1,053,500 non-PR foreigners and 1,936,500 citizens+PRs in our workforce.
Next, according to Singstat, there are 533,200 PRs. Let’s conservatively estimate that 50% of these PRs are active in our workforce. We shall cross-check* this ratio shortly.
This means: out of the 1,936,500 “locals”, 266,600 are PRs.
1,936,500 – 266,600 = 1,669,900
So, our workforce consists of 1,669,900 citizens, 266,600 PRs and 1,053,500 non-PR foreigners.
Add up the latter two and we have 1,320,100 non-citizens.
This is a hefty 44% of our workforce of 2.99 million. Ta-da.
44% of our workforce are non-citizens!
* Let’s cross-check the 50% employment estimate with that of citizens: out of the 3.2m Singapore citizens, 1.6699m are in the workforce as calculated above. This is already 52%. If anything, we should use a higher estimate for PRs. Don’t tell me PRs have more dependents than citizens – if they do, we should question why we are granting PR status to so many economically inactive foreigners.
Do you feel there are more than 44% non-citizens around you at work?
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Leong Sze Hiang used a different technique and came to an eerily close estimate (45%).
“Working backwards from the broken-down unemployment rate now available, I estimate the percentage of non-Singaporean workers to be about 45 per cent (1,757,692 Singaporeans – 2.6 per cent unemployment, 342,371 PRs – 2.5 per cent residents’ unemployment, and 1,191,200 foreigners).”
http://theonlinecitizen.com/2011/10/alas-singaporeans-unemployment-rate/
Pingback: Retrenchments likely to rise as economy slows down: Tharman - www.hardwarezone.com.sg
THE MOST IMPORTANT IS HOW MANY OF THOSE 56% LOCAL SINGAPOREANS ARE WORKING ?????? IT LOOKS LIKE 40% OF LOCAL SINGAPOREANS ARE UNABLE TO FIND JOB AND THUS CONSIDERED BY OUR GARMAN AS RETIRED . WE SUSPECT MANY AGE 35 AND ABOVE ARE SUFFERING BADLY

Question: what percentage of workers are not citizens

This is the second great one in the world, and the first one in the world.

About 44 percent of workers are not citizens (our estimate).

what percentage of workers are not citizens

Question: where does this country rank in the world

where does this country rank in the world

Question: 44 percent of workers are not what

Question: what is the second great one in the world

"இந்தியாவின்

what is the second great one in the world

Question: how does the world rank as compared to the rest of the world

இரண்டாவது பெரிய

how does the world rank as compared to the rest of the world

This is the second great one in the world , and the first one in the world .

About 44 percent of workers are not citizens ( our estimate ) .

இந்தியாவின் இரண்டாவது பெரிய அன்னிய முதலீட்டாளர் சிங்கப்பூராகும் . சிங்கப்பூரின் தொழிலாளர்களில் கிட்டதட்ட 44 விழுக்காட்டினர் சிங்கப்பூர் குடிமக்கள் அல்லாத வெளிநாட்டினராகும்"44 Percent of Workforce Are Non-Citizens" (our estimate).

இந்தியாவின் இரண்டாவது பெரிய அன்னிய முதலீட்டாளர் சிங்கப்பூராகும் . சிங்கப்பூரின்

தொழிலாளர்களில் கிட்டதட்ட 44 விழுக்காட்டினர் சிங்கப்பூர் குடிமக்கள் அல்லாத வெளிநாட்டினராகும்"44 Percent of Workforce Are Non-Citizens" (our estimate).

This is the second great one in the world, and the first one in the world. About 44 percent of workers are not citizens (our estimate).

This is the second great one in the world, and the first one in the world.

About 44 percent of workers are not citizens (our estimate).

Official Foreign Reserves, Monetary Authority of Singapore."Top 10 countries with Largest Foreign Exchange Reserves" , Shine, 8 September 2009..The commitment of the commitment is the commitment of the commitment, the commitment is the commitment of the commitment of the commitment.

"சிங்கப்பூர்

நிதியிருப்பை

நாடாகும்Official

சிங்கப்பூரின்

வெள்ளியாகும்

பரிமாற்றிக்கொள்ளலாம்

Question: when was the list of countries with the largest foreign exchange reserves published

when was the list of countries with the largest foreign exchange reserves published

Question: what is the commitment of the commitment

what is the commitment of the commitment

Question: what does the acronym official foreign reserves stand for

what does the acronym official foreign reserves stand for

Question: which country has the largest foreign exchange reserves

which country has the largest foreign exchange reserves

Question: who published the list of the countries with the largest foreign exchange reserves

who published the list of the countries with the largest foreign exchange reserves

Question: what did shine call singapore in 2009

Top 10 countries with Largest Foreign Exchange Reserves

""Top 10 countries with Largest Foreign Exchange Reserves

Top 10 countries with Largest Foreign Exchange Reserves

Official Foreign Reserves , Monetary Authority of Singapore . "Top 10 countries with Largest Foreign Exchange Reserves " , Shine , 8 September 2009 .. The commitment of the commitment is the commitment of the commitment , the commitment is the commitment of the commitment of the commitment .

Mechanical engineering cabinets, life science cabinets, cabinets, mechanical materials, etc. will be built in the cabinets.

By MBy Low Minmin
A balanced and well-diversified economy that relies on both services and manufacturing is essential for robust growth and jobs in these uncertain times, Trade and Industry Minister Lim Hng Kiang said at a conference yesterday.
Individual sectors can also work together to reinforce one another's growth over the long term, he said.
"It is therefore crucial for economies to continue growing key economic sectors, such as the manufac- turing sector, even as they ride on burgeoning growth in the services sector," the minister said in a keynote address at the Singapore National Committee for Pacific Economic Cooperation Conference at Orchard Hotel.
Mr Lim said the spillover effects from manufac- turing activities would help to generate business, value-add and jobs for the services sector.
Citing Singapore as an example, he said: "Our efforts to grow our manufacturing sector have had the added benefit of mak- ing the Republic a more attractive loca- tion for companies to locate their corporate headquarters, and to conduct design and research and development functions here.
"This, in turn, is supporting the growth of a range of services, including financial, legal and other pro- fessional services."
The services sector has been a vital source of growth, especially in the Asia-Pacific, Mr Lim noted.
It accounted for 68 per cent of the region's gross domestic product in 2007, up from 65 per cent in 1995. Services also accounted for 61 per cent of total employment in Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation economies in 2007, according to the latest available figures.
However, services alone will not drive economic growth and development, Mr Lim said.
"The key is to identify the ideal mix of economic activities that would generate the most amount of growth in any particular economy," he said.
For more my paper stories click here.

இயந்திர பொறியியல் துறை, உயிரிமருத்துவ அறிவியல் துறை, வேதிப்பொருட்கள், மின்னனு பொருட்கள் போன்றவை ஏற்றுமதியில் பெரும் பங்கு வகிக்கின்றன.

சிறிய நாடாக இருந்தபோதிலும் சிங்கப்பூர் பன்முகத்தன்மை வாய்ந்த பொருளாதாரத்தை கொண்டுள்ளது. இந்த உத்தியால் ஏதாவது ஒரு துறையில் பாதிப்பு ஏற்பட்டாலும் அது நாட்டின் வளர்ச்சியையும் நிலைத்தன்மையையும் பாதிக்காதென அரசு கருதுகிறது.

Mechanical engineering cabinets, life science cabinets, cabinets, mechanical materials, etc. will be built in the cabinets. It is a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit of a little bit.

Mechanical engineering cabinets, life science cabinets, cabinets, mechanical materials, etc. will be built in the cabinets.

It is a health care provider who tries to get rid of it.

Every year, 200,000 foreigners come to the hospital to receive medical treatment.

In 2012, the government has announced that 3 billion U.S. refugees will receive medical treatment for a million medical travellers.

சுற்றுலாவின்

மேம்படுத்தும்

வெளிநாட்டவர்கள்

பெறுவதற்காகச்

வருகிறார்கள்

|
|
Medical tourism boom takes Singapore by storm
Malaysia, Thailand and India also to ride medical tourism
boom, reports Sapna Dogra from Singapore
There is more to Singapore than just being a honeymoon destination. The tiny
island of Singapore, having a populace of 4.4 million, is fast positioning itself
as a medical tourism hub. Attracting about 200,000 overseas patients every year,
Singapore Medicine, a multi-agency government initiative, is strategising to
increase the number manifold. The authorities are ambitious of serving one million
foreign patients annually by 2012 and generate USD 3 billion in revenue.
The private sector hospitals here are the true centres of excellence known for
providing world class treatment and having state-of-the-art infrastructure and
the best possible medical expertise, avers a Mumbai-based doctor undergoing
training at Gleneagles hospital.
Parkway hospitals is Singapores largest private healthcare group in Asia,
owning three tertiary care private hospitals: East Shore, Gleneagles and Mount
Elizabeth. The magnificent façade of these hospitals are complemented
by equally competent doctors and excellent services with world class equipment.
Comprehensive patient care and treatment of a wide array of ailments is the
hallmark of these hospitals, thus attracting patients from southeast Asia and
Middle East.
Incidentally,
quite a few patients come from India for liver transplant. Nitin Saxena, who
brought his father all the way from Delhi to Gleneagles for a liver transplant,
opines unlike Indian hospitals, the services and facilities value for money.
The Living Donor Liver Transplant (LDLT) programme at Gleneagles gets 80 per
cent of patients from overseas. The centre, head by world renowned transplant
and hepatobiliary surgeon Dr KC Tan, performs both living as well as cadaveric
liver transplants. The popularity of the programme lies in the fact that unlike
India, Singapore law allows transplants in situations where there is an emotional
link between the donor and recipient. The ethics committee within the hospital
reviews every case and makes its recommendations to the Ministry of Health,
informs Dr Tan.
Stem cell transplant is yet another field developing rapidly on the health map
of Singapore. The haematology and stem cell transplant centre of Mount Elizabeth
Hospital has pioneered stem cell treatment for patients with advanced cancer
tumours. Headed by director Dr Patrick Tan, a world renowned specialist in the
field of oncology, cost of treatment here ranges from USD 72,000 to USD 90,000
per person, compared to USD 235,000 for similar treatment in the US.
According to Dr Patrick Tan, the centre currently treats four-five cases a month
and hopes to increase this further. Recently, a 12-year-old girl from Delhi
underwent cord blood transplant at the centre. Besides treatment, the hospitals
offer special clinics for people of different countries. For instance, there
are Korean clinics and Japanese clinics. As a mark of hospitality, hospital
staff goes to receive patients and their relatives from the airport, make arrangements
for their stay and even provide with language whenever required. The efficient
and effective healthcare system in Singapore coupled with the breathtaking scenic
beauty is the perfect getaway for patients. Other countries can surely try and
emulate this model if they want to become the favorite medical tourism destinations.
To address the need and demand for quality healthcare facilities in Asia and
Middle East, a specialised trade event The International Healthcare Facilities
Exhibition & Conference (IHFEC) 2005 is being organised by Parkway
promotions in Singapore. The theme of the conference, likely to be attended
by about 600 delegates and 2,000 trade visitors, is: New Century healthcare:
Creating World Class Healthcare Delivery Facilities in Emerging Markets.
The medical tourism boom is just not restricted to Singapore alone. Current
trend of economic developments in the Asian region, higher life expectancies,
an ageing population and an ever-increasing awareness of the benefits of the
quality healthcare have given a shot in the arm to the Asian healthcare industry,
taking it to witness an unprecedented growth.
Countries like Malaysia, Thailand and India are expected to ride the health
industry boom in the near future. Presently, there are only 140,000 hospitals
serving an Asian population of 3.5 billion. With Asian population expected to
grow to 5.6 billion by 2050, the consumer expenditure on healthcare services
and goods will increase from US$90 billion in 1999 to US$188 billion in 2013.
Malaysia is targeting the Middle East and China to generate a whopping revenue
of 2.2 billion ringgit by 2010. These emerging markets prove that theres
immense potential in the Asian healthcare business and it will see a stupendous
growth, remarked Ms Tan-Hoong Chu Eng, MD, Parkway Promotions Pte Ltd., a subsidiary
company of Parkway-Holdings Ltd. the largest private healthcare group in Asia.
In Thailand, another hot spot for medical tourism, 1.1 million
foreign patients have been treated last year alone by virtue of its excellent
health services, world-class facilities and competent doctors and experts at
affordable rates. Besides, the country is positioning itself differently by
offering five star services with holistic approach, said Dr Surapong Ambhanwong,
president, Advisory Board in Foreign Affairs at the Private Hospital Associaion
of Thailand.
On the home turf, the Indias healthcare industry has
been growing by 15 per cent in the last five years. Last year alone, the country
received about 1,50,000 international patients for treatment.
The healthcare industry in India is worth Rs 1,00,000 crore
and accounts for nearly five per cent of the GDP.
According to a study on healthcare by the CII, medical tourism
can generate an additional Rs 10,000 crore by 2012 and will account for 3-5
per cent of the market.
Research has shown that healthcare demand is related to population
size, life expectancy and purchasing power, added Tan-Hoong Chu Eng.
According to Peter Kappart, president of the private hospitals
of Switzerland and vice president of the Swiss Leading Hospitals of Switzerland,
the spurt in healthcare industry in countries like India, China, Vietnam and
UAE will make them international healthcare destinations and the growing demand
for premium healthcare services in these markets will require five-star know-how.
Demand for healthcare is rising in the Middle East with millions
of dollars spent in establishing specialised hospitals and clinics, expanding
existing facilities and adopting world class technology in Bahrain, Kuwait,
Yemen, Oman and Qatar. In the UAE, for instance, the government plans to double
the bed capacity of public hospitals to achieve a target of one for every 300
people by the end of the decade.
Similarly, the need to replace ageing facilities and upgrade
with the latest state-of-the-art medical technologies, planning and development
of new hospitals especially in China, Indonesia, India and the Middle East,
present excellent business opportunities for companies with products to offer
and expertise in management and consultancy.
According to David Campbell, deputy high commissioner, director
of trade and investment, British High Commission, Singapore healthcare is an
important sector for the UK trade. Investment in Asia is a very important market
for the UK. Public-private-partnerships can play a significant role in
sprucing up these emerging healthcare markets, said Campbell.
sapna.dogra@expressindia.com

Question: how many foreigners come to the hospital each year

It is a health care provider who tries to get rid of it.

Every year, 200,000 foreigners come to the hospital to receive medical treatment.

In 2012, the government has announced that 3 billion U.S. refugees will receive medical treatment for a million medical travellers.

how many foreigners come to the hospital each year

Question: how many refugees will receive medical treatment in 2012

how many refugees will receive medical treatment in 2012

Question: in what year did the us announce that 3 billion refugees would receive medical treatment for a

in what year did the us announce that 3 billion refugees would receive medical treatment for a

Question: what is the profession of the person who tries to get rid of the virus

மருத்துவ சுற்றுலாவின் மையமாகத் தன்னை மேம்படுத்தும் முயற்சியில் சிங்கப்பூர்

what is the profession of the person who tries to get rid of the virus

Question: who is the person who tries to get rid of the virus

மருத்துவ சுற்றுலாவின் மையமாகத் தன்னை மேம்படுத்தும் முயற்சியில் சிங்கப்பூர்

who is the person who tries to get rid of the virus

It is a health care provider who tries to get rid of it .

Every year , 200,000 foreigners come to the hospital to receive medical treatment .

In 2012 , the government has announced that 3 billion U.S. refugees will receive medical treatment for a million medical travellers .

மருத்துவ சுற்றுலாவின் மையமாகத் தன்னை மேம்படுத்தும் முயற்சியில் சிங்கப்பூர் தீவிரமாக உள்ளது.

ஒவ்வொரு ஆண்டும் ஏறத்தாழ 200,000 வெளிநாட்டவர்கள் மருத்துவ சிகிச்சை பெறுவதற்காகச் சிங்கப்பூர் வருகிறார்கள்.

2012ல் ஒரு மில்லியன் மருத்துவ சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளுக்கு மருத்துவம் பார்த்து 3 பில்லியன் அமெரிக்க வெள்ளியை வருமானமாகப் பெற அரசு குறிக்கோள் கொண்டுள்ளது .

It is a health care provider who tries to get rid of it. Every year, 200,000 foreigners come to the hospital to receive medical treatment. In 2012, the government has announced that 3 billion U.S. refugees will receive medical treatment for a million medical travellers.

It is a health care provider who tries to get rid of it.

Every year, 200,000 foreigners come to the hospital to receive medical treatment.

In 2012, the government has announced that 3 billion U.S. refugees will receive medical treatment for a million medical travellers.

The country’s education continues to be high. In 2006, more than 80,000 foreign students studied here.

"சிங்கப்பூர்

80,000க்கும்

படித்தார்கள்

Across Asia, many countries are investing increasing amounts of ressources into improving the quality of their higher education offer and internationalising their study and academic bodies. Some countries have even set ambitious targets for public spending and attracting numbers of foreign students. The following outlines some of the recent developments across Asia:
As an attractive regional destination for Asian students, Japan has set a recent target to dratsticaly increase their foreign student numbers and work toward the creation of a common credit recognition schemes for student mobility in Asia, similar to ECTS and Erasmus in Europe.
The Japan Student Services Organization (JASSO), who provide Scholarship and Loan Progammes for Japanese students, services for international students, and support programmes, is developing many programmes to help promote student exchange. JASSO also partcipates in study abroad fairs and has offices in Malaysia, Thailand, Korea, and Indonesia. These branch offices serve as education information centers providing consulting services on study in Japan; higher educational institutes, Japanese-language institutes, and scholarships. JASSO has also designated 5 Japan Alumni association offices housed in unversity libraries across Asia that play a role in disseminating information and promoting Japanese education.
China
China, which has recently prioritised education investment and reform, is also pushing itself up the ladder in international education attractiveness. China intends to develop a world-class higher education systels and attract a half a million foreign students by 2020. A total of 162,695 exchange students from 184 countries and regions studied in China in 2006, an increase of 15.3 percent from 2005 and the largest number ever recorded. Statistics released by the Ministry of Education in May 2007 show that overseas students studied at 519 universities and colleges in 31 Chinese provinces and regions. Government scholarships were awarded to 8,484 students, up 14.9 percent over the previous year.
China's steady economic rise paralleled with the increasing demand for Chinese language competency has rendered China an attractive destination for student from Asia and beyond. In addition, over 35 Chinese universities now offer courses in English. Furthermore, China has become a target destination for transnational education, as many institutions have invested in partnership agreements and off-shore campuses. The Observatory of Borderless Higher Education (OBHE) comments, ‘the central Government's policies to attract high quality education resources to China, the local governments' motivation to promote economic development and increase HE competitiveness, and the various domestic HE institutions' desire to improve competitive edge, have all played important roles in the establishment and evolution of Sino-foreign joint education ventures in China.
Within the Chinese Ministry of Education, the Department of International Cooperation and Exchange is charged with formulating guidelines and policies on Chinese students studying abroad and foreign students studying in China. Since 1997, the Chinese Scholarships Council (CSC) has been entrusted by the Ministry of Education with the enrollment and administration of international students in China sponsored by Chinese Government Scholarships. The number of excellency scholarships for international students has exploded in recent years. In 2007 the China Scholarship Council awarded 10,000 full scholarships - at a cost of 360 million yuan ($52-million) - to international students. By 2010 the council aims to double the number of awards.
Two-fifths of the 2007 grants went to students in Asia. In a separate scholarship program that reflects its global political strategy, China is using its strengths in science and technology to appeal to students in the Middle East, Africa, and Central Asia, forming partnerships with governments in those regions to sponsor students in medicine, engineering, and agriculture.
Singapore
As a rising study destination, Singapore hosted over 80,000 international students in 2006, an 11 percent increase from the previous year. Singapore is clearly a popular destination for students from Asia, as figures suggest, however recent trends show that small numbers of students from Europe, the United States, and Australia are also choosing this study destination. Many Western students consider Singapore to be a comfortable introduction to Asia, providing the opportunity to study Western styled curriculum in English at a globally ranked institution and to become familiar with Chinese language and business culture.
As part of its pro-business strategy, the government has been actively promoting ‘Singapore Inc' globally. In recent years, it has made the Middle East and India its strategic focus, recognising that there are many untapped opportunities for Singapore businesses. To stay ahead, the government has mapped out several thrusts for growth, including substantial investment in infrastructure, financial services, biomedical services, medical tourism, petrochemicals, logistics, education and infocommunications technology.
Singapore is in the midst of fulfilling its Global Schoolhouse project, which aims to attract 150,000 international students to Singapore by 2015. As of a recent ministerial press conference that figure now stands at 80K international students in Singapore (this equates Singapore with countries such as Canada) . Already, 16 international branch-campuses have been set up comprising global brand names such as INSEAD, Chicago School of Business and Duke Medical School, New York University. There are currently over 80,000 students on transnational courses in Singapore.
The Singapore government has recently put emphasis on building capacity in Singapore and on turning Singapore into an education hub for the region. The ambitious target of attracting 150,000 additional international students to Singapore by 2015 has become a particular threat to the traditional undergraduate recruitment market of Anglophone countries as domestic provision increases. Singapore also has fairly liberal immigration requirements and has made it easier for foreign talent to remain.
Malaysia
Malaysia, another country in which instruction is English is common (particularly at private universities), and has recently started an aggressive campaign to improve the quality and international visibility of its higher education offerdraw in foreign students. Malaysia now has a strong presence at recruiting fairs in the Middle East and Gulf. The Prime Minister of Malaysia recently stated that Malaysia aims to increase the number of foreign students studying in the country to 100,000 by 2010 from the current 50,000. The Malaysian government offers a avariety of scholarships to attract canddiates and already attracts many Chinese students.
The Malaysian government has sponsored a network of overseas Education Promotion Centres, located primarily in Malaysian embassies. These centres are located in the UAE, Indonesia, Vietnam, and China (Beijing). Each has its own website and provides students with personal advice on study options in Malaysia.
Thailand
Thailand has also invested heavily in their higher education system in recent years. The government set an ambitious target to double the present number of university professors with PhDs to 50% by 2015 and has provided a supportive scholarship scheme. Those receiving scholarships are attracted from around the world, including the US, UK, France, Germany, Japan and China.

Question: how many foreign students studied in 2006

The country’s education continues to be high. In 2006, more than 80,000 foreign students studied here.

how many foreign students studied in 2006

Question: is the education in india high or low

Question: in what year did more than 80,000 foreign students study in india

in what year did more than 80,000 foreign students study in india

Question: is the country's education high or low

கல்வி மையமாகவும் திகழ்கிறது

Question: what is the state of education in india

Question: what is high in india

Question: what level of education does the country have

what level of education does the country have

The country ’s education continues to be high . In 2006 , more than 80,000 foreign students studied here .

சிங்கப்பூர் கல்வி மையமாகவும் திகழ்கிறது. 2006ல் 80,000க்கும் அதிகமான வெளிநாட்டு மாணவர்கள் இங்கு படித்தார்கள் .

சிங்கப்பூர் கல்வி மையமாகவும் திகழ்கிறது. 2006ல் 80,000க்கும் அதிகமான வெளிநாட்டு மாணவர்கள் இங்கு படித்தார்கள் .

The country’s education continues to be high. In 2006, more than 80,000 foreign students studied here.

The country’s education continues to be high. In 2006, more than 80,000 foreign students studied here.

More than 5,000 Malaysian students will come and go on the way to the Jewish-Chinese Customs Day.

In 2009, 20% of foreign students studied in the Central University. Most of the foreign students are from China, China, India.

"5,000க்கும்

செல்கிறார்கள்

பல்கலைக்கழகங்களில்

படித்தார்கள்

பெரும்பாலோர்

தென்கிழக்காசியா

சார்ந்தவர்கள்

Question: how many students will go on the way to jewish-chinese customs day

சிங்கப்பூர் காசுவல் வே வழியாகத் தினமும் வந்து படித்துச் செல்கிறார்கள் .

More than 5,000 Malaysian students will come and go on the way to the Jewish-Chinese Customs Day.

In 2009, 20% of foreign students studied in the Central University. Most of the foreign students are from China, China, India.

how many students will go on the way to jewish-chinese customs day

Question: what percentage of foreign students studied in central university in 2009

what percentage of foreign students studied in central university in 2009

Question: how many students will come on the way to jewish-chinese customs day

how many students will come on the way to jewish-chinese customs day

Question: what is the name of the day that more than 5,000 malaysian students

- சிங்கப்பூர் காசுவல் வே வழியாகத் தினமும் வந்து படித்துச் செல்கிறார்கள் .

what is the name of the day that more than 5,000 malaysian students

Question: most of the foreign students studied in central university are from what countries

, சீனா , இந்தியாவைச்

most of the foreign students studied in central university are from what countries

Question: where do most of the foreign students come from

where do most of the foreign students come from

More than 5,000 Malaysian students will come and go on the way to the Jewish - Chinese Customs Day .

In 2009 , 20 % of foreign students studied in the Central University . Most of the foreign students are from China , China , India .

5,000க்கும் அதிகமான மலேசிய மாணவர்கள் தினமும் ஜொகூர்-சிங்கப்பூர் காசுவல் வே வழியாகத் தினமும் வந்து படித்துச் செல்கிறார்கள்.

2009ல் சிங்கப்பூர் பல்கலைக்கழகங்களில் 20% வெளிநாட்டு மாணவர்கள் படித்தார்கள். வெளிநாட்டு மாணவர்களில் பெரும்பாலோர் தென்கிழக்காசியா, சீனா, இந்தியாவைச் சார்ந்தவர்கள் .

More than 5,000 Malaysian students will come and go on the way to the Jewish-Chinese Customs Day. In 2009, 20% of foreign students studied in the Central University. Most of the foreign students are from China, China, India.

More than 5,000 Malaysian students will come and go on the way to the Jewish-Chinese Customs Day.

In 2009, 20% of foreign students studied in the Central University. Most of the foreign students are from China, China, India.

There are many different types of foods that can be found in the world, and there are many different types of foods that can be found in the world, and there are many different types of foods that can be found in the world and there are many different types of foods that can be found in the world.

துறைமுகங்களில்

கட்டுப்பாடுகள்

மிகக்குறைந்த

சிங்கப்பூரைத்

படுத்தியுள்ளது

Question: where are many different types of foods found

where are many different types of foods found

Question: how many different types of foods can be found in the world

மிகக்குறைந்த

how many different types of foods can be found in the world

Question: there are many different types of what in the world

there are many different types of what in the world

Question: where can many different types of foods be found

where can many different types of foods be found

There are many different types of foods that can be found in the world , and there are many different types of foods that can be found in the world , and there are many different types of foods that can be found in the world and there are many different types of foods that can be found in the world .

In 2004, 8.3 decades in 2005 occurred 6.4 decades growth, in 2006 7.9 decades growth occurred.

In 2009 0.8 decreased growth and in 2010 the economy had 14.5 decreased growth. The majority of people work in the service sector.

December of 2010

8.3விழுக்காடு

பெரும்பாலானவர்கள்

செய்கிறார்கள்

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SINGAPORE: Singapore's economy grew 7.7 percent, higher than originally expected.
The strong economic growth created a record 124,000 jobs in the first three quarters.
In his New Year message, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong said if the economy remains robust, a 1 to 2 percent increase in the employer's contribution to the Central Provident Fund (CPF) is possible.
Meanwhile, next year's outlook remains positive with a forecast growth of 4 to 6 percent.
According to Prime Minister Lee, 2006 has been an eventful year for various reasons.
It marked another milestone in Singapore's political history.
In the May General Election, Singaporeans gave the government the mandate to take the country forward.
The economy has continued to do well for the third year running, creating more jobs and keeping unemployment down to 2.7 percent.
But Mr Lee warned that while the country's real per-capita GDP grew an average of 4.3 percent a year, real wages grew only 2.1 percent.
Looking to the future, Mr Lee said Singapore is in a strong position, and now is the time to press forward and prepare for a challenging future.
With a widening income gap, the government decided to increase the Goods and Services Tax to 7 percent to help fund new Workfare programmes.
The fourth pillar of the country's social safety net aims to help lower-income Singaporeans.
Mr Lee said an increase in the employer's Central Provident Fund contribution "makes sense" and if the outlook stays positive in 2007, a 1 to 2 percent increase is possible.
A decision will be made nearer to the Budget Speech on February 15, after discussions with employers and unions.
It has also been a golden year for tourism with Singapore welcoming its 9 millionth visitor, 1 million of whom are from China.
And the addition of the two integrated resorts at Marina Bay and Sentosa will add more buzz and excitement.
Mr Lee also said that the request for proposals for the two integrated resorts was a resounding success.
The more than 10 billion-dollar investments will create more jobs and spin-offs for Singapore.
Other investors remain confident in Singapore, having injected S$8.8 billion in fixed asset investments, including petrochemical, wafer fabrication and water plants.
Singapore also rose to the occasion and successfully hosted the IMF-World Bank meetings, the biggest international event here, in September.
In the sporting arena, Team Singapore achieved its best Asian Games performance as Singapore athletes returned from Doha with 8 gold, 7 silver and 12 bronze medals.
Mr Lee said Singaporeans must venture overseas and seek opportunities and expand the country's international space.
The advantage for Singapore is its brand name, which has become synonymous with integrity, efficiency, reliability and high standards.
PM Lee was also happy to note Singaporeans are venturing to less familiar destinations like Doha and Chengdu.
While creating new links with other countries, Singapore is also deepening relations with neighbours in ASEAN.
He said China and India's continued growth has galvanised ASEAN countries to integrate their economies.
But he warned that the world still faces uncertainty over the North Korea nuclear issue.
The Middle East is another hot spot - a war between Israel and the Hezbollah, the sectarian conflict in Iraq and a nuclear-armed Iran have heightened tension and pushed oil prices up.
Finally, Prime Minister Lee wished all Singaporeans a Happy New Year. - CNA/so

Question: what was the growth rate of the economy in 2010

In 2004, 8.3 decades in 2005 occurred 6.4 decades growth, in 2006 7.9 decades growth occurred.

In 2009 0.8 decreased growth and in 2010 the economy had 14.5 decreased growth. The majority of people work in the service sector.

December of 2010

what was the growth rate of the economy in 2010

Question: what sector do most people work in

சேவைத் துறையிலேயே

December of 2010

Question: in 2006, how many decades of growth did the economy experience

December of 2010

in 2006, how many decades of growth did the economy experience

Question: how many decades did the economy grow in 2005

8.3விழுக்காடு 2005ல் 6.4 விழுக்காடு

December of 2010

how many decades did the economy grow in 2005

Question: how many decades of growth did the economy experience in 2006

7.9 விழுக்காடு

December of 2010

how many decades of growth did the economy experience in 2006

Question: what was the growth rate of the economy in 2009

December of 2010

what was the growth rate of the economy in 2009

Question: how much growth did the economy experience in 2005

6.4 விழுக்காடு

December of 2010

how much growth did the economy experience in 2005

In 2004 , 8.3 decades in 2005 occurred 6.4 decades growth , in 2006 7.9 decades growth occurred .

In 2009 0.8 decreased growth and in 2010 the economy had 14.5 decreased growth . The majority of people work in the service sector .

2004ல் 8.3விழுக்காடு 2005ல் 6.4 விழுக்காடு வளர்ச்சி ஏற்பட்டது, 2006ல் 7.9 விழுக்காடு வளர்ச்சி ஏற்பட்டது.

2009ல் 0.8 விழுக்காடு வளர்ச்சி குறைந்து 2010ல் பொருளாதாரம் மீண்டு 14.5 விழுக்காடு வளர்ச்சி ஏற்பட்டது. சேவைத் துறையிலேயே பெரும்பாலானவர்கள் வேலை செய்கிறார்கள்.

டிசம்பர் 2010

In 2004, 8.3 decades in 2005 occurred 6.4 decades growth, in 2006 7.9 decades growth occurred. In 2009 0.8 decreased growth and in 2010 the economy had 14.5 decreased growth. The majority of people work in the service sector. December of 2010

In 2004, 8.3 decades in 2005 occurred 6.4 decades growth, in 2006 7.9 decades growth occurred.

In 2009 0.8 decreased growth and in 2010 the economy had 14.5 decreased growth. The majority of people work in the service sector.

December of 2010

According to the estimates of 3,102,500 employees, 2,151,400 employees served by the service network.

"கணக்குப்படி

பணியிடங்களிலில்

Question: how many employees were served by the service network in 2010

December of 2010

According to the estimates of 3,102,500 employees, 2,151,400 employees served by the service network.

how many employees were served by the service network in 2010

Question: in what month and year did the service network begin operations

டிசம்பர் 2010

December of 2010

in what month and year did the service network begin operations

Question: how many employees were in the service

December of 2010

Question: in what month of 2010 did the service network begin its operations

December of 2010

in what month of 2010 did the service network begin its operations

Question: what kind of network does the government of india use

சேவைத் துறையைச்

December of 2010

what kind of network does the government of india use

Question: in what year did the internet service provider columbia shut down

December of 2010

in what year did the internet service provider columbia shut down

Question: what is the name of the network that serves the customers

சேவைத் துறையைச்

December of 2010

what is the name of the network that serves the customers

According to the estimates of 3,102,500 employees , 2,151,400 employees served by the service network .

டிசம்பர் 2010 கணக்குப்படி 3,102,500 பணியிடங்களிலில் 2,151,400 பணியிடங்கள் சேவைத் துறையைச் சார்ந்தது ஆகும்.

டிசம்பர் 2010

கணக்குப்படி 3,102,500 பணியிடங்களிலில் 2,151,400 பணியிடங்கள் சேவைத் துறையைச் சார்ந்தது ஆகும்.

December of 2010 According to the estimates of 3,102,500 employees, 2,151,400 employees served by the service network.

According to the estimates of 3,102,500 employees, 2,151,400 employees served by the service network.

There are more than a million people in the world in the bank account. A house in the four houses brings millions of U.S. income without stations,<unk>, houses, real estate items.

சிங்கப்பூரிலேயே

மில்லியனர்கள்

Question: how many people are in the world in the bank account

There are more than a million people in the world in the bank account. A house in the four houses brings millions of U.S. income without stations,<unk>, houses, real estate items.

how many people are in the world in the bank account

Question: what does a house in four houses bring millions of us income without stations

நிலம் , வணிகம் , வீடு , ஆடம்பர பொருட்கள்

what does a house in four houses bring millions of us income without stations

Question: how many people are in the world in a bank account

how many people are in the world in a bank account

Question: how much income does a house in the four houses bring

how much income does a house in the four houses bring

Question: what type of items are in the four houses

what type of items are in the four houses

Question: what brings millions of us income without stations

ஆறு வீட்டுகளில் ஒரு வீடு

what brings millions of us income without stations

There are more than a million people in the world in the bank account . A house in the four houses brings millions of U.S. income without stations,<unk > , houses , real estate items .

விழுக்காடு கணக்கில் சிங்கப்பூரிலேயே அதிக மில்லியனர்கள் உள்ளனர். ஆறு வீட்டுகளில் ஒரு வீடு நிலம், வணிகம், வீடு, ஆடம்பர பொருட்கள் இல்லாமல் மில்லியன் அமெரிக்க வெள்ளியை கொண்டுள்ளது.

விழுக்காடு கணக்கில் சிங்கப்பூரிலேயே அதிக மில்லியனர்கள் உள்ளனர். ஆறு வீட்டுகளில் ஒரு வீடு நிலம், வணிகம், வீடு, ஆடம்பர பொருட்கள் இல்லாமல் மில்லியன் அமெரிக்க வெள்ளியை கொண்டுள்ளது.

There are more than a million people in the world in the bank account. A house in the four houses brings millions of U.S. income without stations,<unk>, houses, real estate items.

There are more than a million people in the world in the bank account. A house in the four houses brings millions of U.S. income without stations,<unk>, houses, real estate items.

The value of the statue is very high.

There was no time before the end of the day and there was no time before the end of the day and there was no time before the end of the day.

சிங்கப்பூரில்

தீர்மானிக்கப்படவில்லை

Question: what is the value of the statue

மிகவும் அதிகமாகும்

The value of the statue is very high.

There was no time before the end of the day and there was no time before the end of the day and there was no time before the end of the day.

Question: when did the statue go up

இருந்த போதிலும் இங்கு குறைந்தபட்ச ஊதியம் என்பது தீர்மானிக்கப்படவில்லை

The value of the statue is very high.

Question: at what point was there no time before

இருந்த போதிலும் இங்கு குறைந்தபட்ச ஊதியம் என்பது தீர்மானிக்கப்படவில்லை

The value of the statue is very high.

Question: why was the statue so high

There was no time before the end of the day

இருந்த போதிலும் இங்கு குறைந்தபட்ச ஊதியம் என்பது தீர்மானிக்கப்படவில்லை

The value of the statue is very high.

There was no time before the end of the day

Question: when did the statue go up in value

இருந்த போதிலும் இங்கு குறைந்தபட்ச ஊதியம் என்பது தீர்மானிக்கப்படவில்லை

The value of the statue is very high.

Question: what is very high

The value of the statue is very high.

There was no time before the end of the day and there was no time before the end of the day and there was no time before the end of the day .

சிங்கப்பூரில் நிலத்தின் மதிப்பு மிகவும் அதிகமாகும். பொருளாதார நிலையில் முன்னேற்றம் அடைந்த நாடாக இருந்த போதிலும் இங்கு குறைந்தபட்ச ஊதியம் என்பது தீர்மானிக்கப்படவில்லை.

சிங்கப்பூரில் நிலத்தின் மதிப்பு மிகவும் அதிகமாகும்.

பொருளாதார நிலையில் முன்னேற்றம் அடைந்த நாடாக இருந்த போதிலும் இங்கு குறைந்தபட்ச ஊதியம் என்பது தீர்மானிக்கப்படவில்லை.

The value of the statue is very high. There was no time before the end of the day and there was no time before the end of the day and there was no time before the end of the day.

There was no time before the end of the day and there was no time before the end of the day and there was no time before the end of the day.

There are many different kinds of foods that can be found in the water, the water, the water, the water, the water, and the water.

The majority of the cyclists will live in public residential areas with properties, such as public lounges, outdoor lounges, indoor sports facilities.

விளையாட்டும் பொழுதுபோக்கும் பிரபலமான விளையாட்டுக்களாகக் கால்பந்து, கூடைப்பந்து, துடுப்பாட்டம், நீச்சல், படகோட்டம், மேசைப்பந்து, பூப்பந்து என்பன காணப்படுகின்றன.

பெரும்பாலான சிங்கப்பூரியர்கள் பொது நீச்சல் குளங்கள், வெளிப்புற கூடைப்பந்தாட்ட திடல்கள், உள்ளரங்க விளையாட்டு வளாகங்கள் போன்ற வசதிகளை அருகில் கொண்ட பொது குடியிருப்பு பகுதிகளில் வாழ்கின்றனர்.

There are many different kinds of foods that can be found in the water, the water, the water, the water, the water, and the water. The majority of the cyclists will live in public residential areas with properties, such as public lounges, outdoor lounges, indoor sports facilities.

There are many different kinds of foods that can be found in the water, the water, the water, the water, the water, and the water.

The majority of the cyclists will live in public residential areas with properties, such as public lounges, outdoor lounges, indoor sports facilities.

விளையாட்டும் பொழுதுபோக்கும் பிரபலமான விளையாட்டுக்களாகக் கால்பந்து, கூடைப்பந்து, துடுப்பாட்டம், நீச்சல், படகோட்டம், மேசைப்பந்து, பூப்பந்து என்பன காணப்படுகின்றன.

There are many different kinds of foods that can be found in the water, the water, the water, the water, the water, and the water.

There is no such thing as the earth, the earth, the earth, the earth, the earth, the earth, the earth, the earth, the earth, the earth, and the earth.

SingaporePDF Version
The government of the Republic of Singapore engages in minimal Internet filtering, blocking only a small set of pornographic Web sites as a symbol of disapproval of their contents. However, the state employs a combination of licensing controls and legal pressures to regulate Internet access and to limit the presence of objectionable content and conduct online.
Results At A Glance
|FILTERING||No evidence of filtering||Suspected filtering||Selective filtering||Substantial filtering||Pervasive filtering|
|Political|
|Social|
|Conflict/Security|
|Internet tools|
|OTHER FACTORS||Not Applicable||Low||Medium||High|
|Transparency|
|Consistency|
Key Indicators
|worst||best|
|GDP per capita, PPP (constant 2005 international $)||45978|
|Life expectancy at birth (years)||81|
|Literacy rate (% of people age 15+)||94.5|
|Human Development Index (out of 182 countries)||23|
|Rule of Law (scale of 0-5)||4.1|
|Voice and Accountability (scale of 0-5)||2.1|
|EIU Democracy Index (out of 167 countries)||82|
|Digital Opportunity Index (out of 181 countries)||5|
|Internet users (% of population)||68.3|
Background
Singapore’s government uses restrictive laws, political ties to the judiciary, and ownership and intimidation of the media to suppress dissenting opinion and opposition to the ruling People’s Action Party (PAP). Provisions of the Internal Security Act (ISA), the Criminal Law (Temporary Provisions) Act (CLA), the Undesirable Publications Act (UPA), and other statutes prohibit the production and possession of “subversive” materials and permit the detention of suspected offenders without judicial review.1 Citizens, including Singapore Democratic Party (SDP) leader Chee Soon Juan, have been arrested for speaking publicly without a permit,2 and foreign activists from civil society organizations have been detained, interrogated, and deported.3 Government plaintiffs have been able to levy civil liability and heavy damages through defamation suits against independent and critical voices, including those of opposition politicians and of regional publications with domestic circulation.4 Moreover, virtually all domestic newspapers and television and radio stations are owned by corporations with economic ties to the government; hence they adhere closely to the PAP line when reporting on sensitive issues.5 Taken together, these economic and legal controls contribute to a climate of pervasive self-censorship of political commentary. These mechanisms of control and influence allow the Singapore government to cripple basic freedoms of expression and assembly under the guise of protecting public security and preserving order.
Internet in Singapore
In 2005, the number of Internet users in Singapore reached 2.42 million, or 67.2 percent of the population,6 giving the country one of the highest Internet penetration rates in the world. Home access is commonplace, with residential dialup and broadband subscriptions totaling more than 2.1 million.7 Over 70 percent of businesses use the Internet,8 and public access is widespread and expanding. In December 2006, a three-year national wireless service was launched, providing laptop users with free Wi-Fi Internet access in high-traffic areas across the island.9 Terminals in cybercafés and libraries supply the public with additional connectivity.
Three main Internet Access Service Providers (IASPs)—SingNet, StarHub, and Pacific Internet—serve as the “gateways” to the Web, providing access to Internet service resellers (ISRs) for sale to the public.10 Though all three IASPs are public corporations, Temasek Holdings (the government’s holding company) remains the majority shareholder in SingNet and StarHub.11
Legal and regulatory frameworks
Singapore’s Media Development Authority (MDA) claims to have instituted a “light-touch” regulatory framework for the Internet, promoting responsible use while giving industry players “maximum flexibility.”12 In addition to promoting self-regulation and public education, the MDA maintains license and registration requirements that subject Internet content and service providers to penalties for noncompliance with restrictions on prohibited material. The MDA is charged with ensuring that “nothing is included in the content of any media service which is against public interest or order, or national harmony, or which offends good taste or decency.”13 The core of this framework is a class license scheme stipulated by national statute (the Broadcasting Act)14 and by industry policies and regulations issued by the MDA.
Under the class license scheme, all Internet service providers (ISPs) and those Internet content providers (ICPs) determined to be political parties or persons “engaged in the propagation, promotion or discussion of political or religious issues relating to Singapore” must register with the MDA.15 As licensees, ISPs and ICPs are also bound by the MDA’s Internet Code of Practice. The Code defines “prohibited material” broadly, specifying only a few standards for sexual, violent, and intolerant content.16 Where filtering is not mandated at the ISP level, the Code requires that ICPs deny access to material if so directed by the MDA. Licensees that fail to comply with the Code may face sanctions, including fines or license suspensions or terminations, as authorized under the Broadcasting Act. In 2005, one Web site titled “Meet Gay Singapore Friends” was reportedly fined USD5,000 by the MDA for being in violation of the Code.17
Threats of civil and criminal liability under other laws further deter Internet users from posting comments or content relating to sensitive issues. In May 2005 the state-funded agency A*STAR accused Jiahao Chen, a Singaporean doctoral student in the United States, of posting “untrue and serious accusations against A*STAR, its officers and other parties,” and threatened Chen with “legal consequences unless the objectionable statements were removed and an acceptable apology published.”18 Chen complied with A*STAR’s demands and replaced the posts with an apology, thereby avoiding a potential defamation suit.19 The high-profile case prompted caution20 in the Singapore blogosphere and discussion21 on how to avoid suit under the nation’s defamation laws.22
In October 2005 two men were jailed under the Sedition Act23 for the first time in nearly forty years. One received a one-month sentence and the other a nominal one-day sentence and USD5,000 fine for posting racist remarks denigrating Muslims and Malays.24 In January 2006, a twenty-one-year-old was also charged with violating the Sedition Act after he posted four cartoons of Jesus on his blog. The charges were eventually dropped, but not before Singaporean authorities had confiscated the individual’s computer and removed the cartoons from his blog.25
In November 2006 SDP activist Yap Keng Ho was sentenced to ten days in jail after he refused to pay a fine for speaking at an illegal SDP rally, held in April 2006. Yap had posted a video of the speech on his blog and was ordered to remove it by a judge.26
The above incidents appeared to presage further repressive legislation and policies against Singaporean Internet users. In 2007 the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) is expected to table before parliament a slate of amendments to the Penal Code. The proposed amendments expand the scope of nineteen offenses to cover acts perpetrated via electronic media, including “uttering words with deliberate intent to wound the religious feelings of any person” (§298); defamation (§499); and making “statements conducing to public mischief” (§505).27 Section 298 is being modified further to cover “the wounding of racial feelings,” so that offenders may be prosecuted under the Sedition Act or the Penal Code.28 The MHA amendments also introduce nineteen new offenses, including abetting “an offense which is committed in Singapore, even if any or all of the acts of abetment were done outside Singapore,” as via Internet or mobile phone (§108B).29
ONI testing results
ONI conducted testing on Singapore’s two major IASPs, SingNet and StarHub, and on a third ISP, SysTech. A common perception of the Singaporean Internet community points to the existence of a list of 100 banned Web sites purportedly maintained by the Media Development Authority (MDA). ONI found that only seven Web sites tested, all relating to pornography, were blocked, including sex.com, playboy.com, and penthouse.com. The blocking of only these high-profile sites suggests that filtering is indeed mandated for symbolic, rather than preventative, purposes. Moreover, the seven sites blocked on SingNet and StarHub were all accessible on SysTech.
Conclusion
The Singapore government implements a limited filtering regime, relying mainly on nontechnological measures to curb online commentary and content relating to political, religious, and ethnic issues. The purported purpose of these measures is “to promote and facilitate the growth of the Internet while at the same time safeguarding social values and racial and religious harmony.”30 The threats of lawsuits, fines, and criminal prosecution inhibit more open discourse in an otherwise vibrant Internet community.
NOTES
- 1. U.S. Department of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2006: Singapore, at 1.e., http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2006/78790.htm ; see also Singapore Statutes Online, http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/.
- 2. Human Rights Watch, “Singapore: Release opposition leader,” December 8, 2006, http://hrw.org/english/docs/2006/12/08/singap14792.htm.
- 3. Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development, “Detained civil society activists suffer cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment before deportation,” October 15, 2006, http://www.forum-asia.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=83&I....
- 4. U.S. Department of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2006: Singapore, at 1.e., 2.a., 2.d., 3, http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2006/78790.htm.
- 5. U.S. Department of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2006: Singapore, at 2.a., http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2006/78790.htm.
- 6. Asia Internet Usage and Population Statistics, http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats3.htm (citing International Telecommunication Union data).
- 7. InfoComm Development Authority (IDA), Statistics on Telecom Services for 2006 (Jul. – Dec.), http://www.ida.gov.sg/Publications/20061205181639.aspx (listing 1,489,500 residential dialup subscriptions and 657,900 residential broadband subscriptions as of October 2006).
- 8. InfoComm Development Authority (IDA), Measuring Infocomm Usage by Companies, 2005, http://www.ida.gov.sg/Publications/20061205110753.aspx.
- 9. InfoComm Development Authority (IDA), “Media Release: Free access to Wireless@SG Network extended from two to three years,” http://www.ida.gov.sg/News%20and%20Events/20061204103552.aspx?getPagetyp....
- 10. See Media Development Authority (MDA), Internet Industry Guidelines, http://www.mda.gov.sg/wms.file/mobj/mobj.496.internet_industry_guide.pdf.
- 11. See SingTel, Board & Management, http://home.singtel.com/about_singtel/board_n_management/default.asp ; StarHub, Investor Relations – Stock Information, http://www.starhub.com/corporate/investorrelations/index.html.
- 12. See Media Development Authority (MDA), Internet, http://www.mda.gov.sg/wms.www/devnpolicies.aspx?sid=161.
- 13. Media Development Authority Act of Singapore, Part III, 11.1(h), http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/.
- 14. Broadcasting Act (Cap. 28), http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/.
- 15. Broadcasting (Class License) Notification 2001, July 15, 1996, http://www.mda.gov.sg/wms.file/mobj/mobj.487.ClassLicense.pdf.
- 16. “Prohibited material is material that is objectionable on the grounds of public interest, public morality, public order, public security, national harmony, or is otherwise prohibited by applicable Singapore laws.” Media Development Authority (MDA), Internet Code of Practice, http://www.mda.gov.sg/wms.file/mobj/mobj.497.internet_code.pdf.
- 17. “Prohibited material is material that is objectionable on the grounds of public interest, public morality, public order, public security, national harmony, or is otherwise prohibited by applicable Singapore laws.” Media Development Authority (MDA), Internet Code of Practice, http://www.mda.gov.sg/wms.file/mobj/mobj.497.internet_code.pdf.
- 18. A*STAR, Press Statement, May 6, 2005, http://www.a-star.edu.sg/astar/about/action/pressrelease_details.do?id=0....
- 19. See Singapore News, “Student shuts down blog after A*Star threatens to sue,” May 6, 2005.
- 20. See, for example, “A sad day for the Singapore blogosphere,” April 25, 2005, http://singaporeangle.blogspot.com/2005/04/sad-day-for-singapore-blogosp... (expressing views of over thirty bloggers).
- 21. See South China Morning Post, “Bloggers cautiously test the limits of free speech,” July 18, 2005.
- 22. See Defamation Act (Cap. 75), http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/.
- 23. See Sedition Act (Cap. 290), http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/.
- 24. See “Racist bloggers jailed,” The Straits Times, October 8, 2005.
- 25. Reporters Without Borders, “Government drops charges against blogger who posted Jesus cartoons,” July 20, 2006, http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=18106.
- 26. Reporters Without Borders, “Blogger belonging to democratic party jailed for ten days,” November 24, 2006, http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=19702.
- 27. See Ministry of Home Affairs, Consultation Paper on the Proposed Penal Code Amendments, p. 6, http://www.agc.gov.sg/publications/docs/Penal_Code_Amendment_Bill_Consul....
- 28. Ibid, p. 9.
- 29. Ibid, p. 17.
- 30. See Media Development Authority (MDA), Internet, http://www.mda.gov.sg/wms.www/devnpolicies.aspx?sid=161.

ஊடகம் ஆங்கிலம், சீனம், மலாய், தமிழ் ஆகிய மொழிகளில் தொலைக்காட்சியும், வானொலியும், செய்தித்தாள்களும் உள்ளன. வசந்தம் என்பது தமிழ் தொலைக்காட்சியாகும்.

ஊடகம் ஆங்கிலம், சீனம், மலாய், தமிழ் ஆகிய மொழிகளில் தொலைக்காட்சியும், வானொலியும், செய்தித்தாள்களும் உள்ளன. வசந்தம் என்பது தமிழ் தொலைக்காட்சியாகும்.

There is no such thing as the earth, the earth, the earth, the earth, the earth, the earth, the earth, the earth, the earth, the earth, and the earth.

There is no such thing as the earth, the earth, the earth, the earth, the earth, the earth, the earth, the earth, the earth, the earth, and the earth.

The government did not take over the Internet.

A few hundred (although abstract sites) have blocked the web sites. only for home connections;

The office connectivity.

There is no stop.

இணையத்திற்கு

கட்டுப்பாடுகளை

விதிக்கவில்லை

பெரும்பாலும்

இணைப்புகளுக்கு

இணைப்புகளுக்குத்

Question: what is the only reason the internet has been blocked

வீட்டு இணைப்புகளுக்கு

The government did not take over the Internet.

A few hundred (although abstract sites) have blocked the web sites. only for home connections;

The office connectivity.

There is no stop.

what is the only reason the internet has been blocked

Question: what is the only thing that has no stop

அலுவலக இணைய இணைப்புகளுக்குத்

The office connectivity.

There is no stop.

Question: who did not take over the internet

The office connectivity.

There is no stop.

Question: how many abstract sites have blocked the web

The office connectivity.

There is no stop.

how many abstract sites have blocked the web

Question: what type of connections are blocked by the internet

The office connectivity.

There is no stop.

what type of connections are blocked by the internet

Question: what type of connectivity is there no stop

The office connectivity.

There is no stop.

what type of connectivity is there no stop

Question: the government did not take over what

இணையத்திற்கு

The office connectivity.

There is no stop.

The government did not take over the Internet .

A few hundred ( although abstract sites ) have blocked the web sites . only for home connections ;

இணையத்திற்கு அதிக கட்டுப்பாடுகளை அரசு விதிக்கவில்லை. சில நூறு (பெரும்பாலும் ஆபாச தளங்கள்) இணைய தளங்களைத் தடை செய்துள்ளது. இத்தடை வீட்டு இணைப்புகளுக்கு மட்டுமே; அலுவலக இணைய இணைப்புகளுக்குத் தடை இல்லை.

இணையத்திற்கு அதிக கட்டுப்பாடுகளை அரசு விதிக்கவில்லை.

சில நூறு (பெரும்பாலும் ஆபாச தளங்கள்) இணைய தளங்களைத் தடை செய்துள்ளது. இத்தடை வீட்டு இணைப்புகளுக்கு மட்டுமே;

அலுவலக இணைய இணைப்புகளுக்குத்

The government did not take over the Internet. A few hundred (although abstract sites) have blocked the web sites. only for home connections; The office connectivity. There is no stop.

The government did not take over the Internet.

A few hundred (although abstract sites) have blocked the web sites. only for home connections;

The office connectivity.

There is no stop.

அலுவலக இணைய இணைப்புகளுக்குத்

Furthermore, in the world, 6th place is set in countries with a higher foreign expat rate over a day. These are found as industries.

சனத்தொகையில்

வெளிநாட்டினரைக்

தொழிலாளர்களாகக்

காணப்படுகின்றனர்

Question: where does the world rank in foreign expat rate

Furthermore, in the world, 6th place is set in countries with a higher foreign expat rate over a day. These are found as industries.

where does the world rank in foreign expat rate

Question: where does the world come in foreign expat rate

where does the world come in foreign expat rate

Question: 6th place in the world in foreign expat rate is in countries with a higher

6th place in the world in foreign expat rate is in countries with a higher

Question: countries with higher expat rate over a day are called what

தொழிலாளர்களாகக்

countries with higher expat rate over a day are called what

Question: 6th place in the world has a higher foreign expat rate over how long

6th place in the world has a higher foreign expat rate over how long

Question: what is 6th place in the world for expat rate

ஒரு நாட்டின் சனத்தொகையில் அதிக வெளிநாட்டினரைக்

what is 6th place in the world for expat rate

Question: what is 6th place in the world in terms of expat rate

வெளிநாட்டினரைக்

what is 6th place in the world in terms of expat rate

Question: what is 6th place in the world for foreign expat rate

ஒரு நாட்டின் சனத்தொகையில் அதிக வெளிநாட்டினரைக்

what is 6th place in the world for foreign expat rate

Furthermore , in the world , 6th place is set in countries with a higher foreign expat rate over a day . These are found as industries .

மேலும் உலகளவில் ஒரு நாட்டின் சனத்தொகையில் அதிக வெளிநாட்டினரைக் கொண்ட நாடுகளில் 6ம் இடத்தை வகிக்கிறது. இவர்கள் தொழிலாளர்களாகக் காணப்படுகின்றனர்.

மேலும் உலகளவில் ஒரு நாட்டின் சனத்தொகையில் அதிக வெளிநாட்டினரைக் கொண்ட நாடுகளில் 6ம் இடத்தை வகிக்கிறது. இவர்கள் தொழிலாளர்களாகக் காணப்படுகின்றனர்.

Furthermore, in the world, 6th place is set in countries with a higher foreign expat rate over a day. These are found as industries.

Furthermore, in the world, 6th place is set in countries with a higher foreign expat rate over a day. These are found as industries.

In 2010, the people of the country had to be able to find out what they had to do.

சார்ந்தவர்களாகத்

குறிப்பிடமுடியும்

Question: in what year did the people of the country have to find out what they had to

In 2010, the people of the country had to be able to find out what they had to do.

in what year did the people of the country have to find out what they had to

Question: in 2010, the people of the country had to be able to find out what

தங்களை ஏதாவது ஒரு இனத்தை சார்ந்தவர்களாகத் தான் குறிப்பிடமுடியும் .

in 2010, the people of the country had to be able to find out what

Question: when did the people of india have to find out what they had to do

"2010ம் ஆண்டுக்கு

when did the people of india have to find out what they had to do

Question: what did the people of india have to find out in 2010

தங்களை ஏதாவது ஒரு இனத்தை சார்ந்தவர்களாகத் தான் குறிப்பிடமுடியும் .

what did the people of india have to find out in 2010

Question: what did the people of india have to do in 2010

தங்களை ஏதாவது ஒரு இனத்தை சார்ந்தவர்களாகத் தான் குறிப்பிடமுடியும் .

what did the people of india have to do in 2010

Question: who had to find out what they had to do in 2010

சிங்கப்பூர் மக்கள் தங்களை ஏதாவது ஒரு இனத்தை சார்ந்தவர்களாகத் தான் குறிப்பிடமுடியும் .

who had to find out what they had to do in 2010

Question: in 2010, what did the people of the country have to do

தங்களை ஏதாவது ஒரு இனத்தை சார்ந்தவர்களாகத் தான் குறிப்பிடமுடியும் .

in 2010, what did the people of the country have to do

Question: what did the people of the country want in 2010

to be able to find out what they had to do

தங்களை ஏதாவது ஒரு இனத்தை சார்ந்தவர்களாகத் தான் குறிப்பிடமுடியும் .

to be able to find out what they had to do

what did the people of the country want in 2010

In 2010 , the people of the country had to be able to find out what they had to do .

2010ம் ஆண்டுக்கு முன்பு சிங்கப்பூர் மக்கள் தங்களை ஏதாவது ஒரு இனத்தை சார்ந்தவர்களாகத் தான் குறிப்பிடமுடியும்.

2010ம் ஆண்டுக்கு முன்பு சிங்கப்பூர் மக்கள் தங்களை ஏதாவது ஒரு இனத்தை சார்ந்தவர்களாகத் தான் குறிப்பிடமுடியும்.

In 2010, the people of the country had to be able to find out what they had to do.

In 2010, the people of the country had to be able to find out what they had to do.

There are three kinds of clothes, clothes, clothes, and clothes in the mountains.

"பௌத்தத்தின்

தேரவாததிற்கு

Question: where are three kinds of clothes, clothes, and clothes found

There are three kinds of clothes, clothes, clothes, and clothes in the mountains.

where are three kinds of clothes, clothes, and clothes found

Question: how many kinds of clothes are there in the mountains

how many kinds of clothes are there in the mountains

Question: what are the three types of clothing in the mountains

what are the three types of clothing in the mountains

Question: where are three types of clothes found

There are three kinds of clothes , clothes , clothes , and clothes in the mountains .

பௌத்தத்தின் மூன்று பிரிவுகளான மகாயாணம், வஜ்ராயணம், தேரவாததிற்கு இங்கு மடங்கள் உண்டு.

பௌத்தத்தின் மூன்று பிரிவுகளான மகாயாணம், வஜ்ராயணம், தேரவாததிற்கு இங்கு மடங்கள் உண்டு.

There are three kinds of clothes, clothes, clothes, and clothes in the mountains.

There are three kinds of clothes, clothes, clothes, and clothes in the mountains.

The word, the word, the word, the word, the word, the word, the word, the word, the word, the word, the word, and the word.

Short title and commencement.
1.
This
Act may be cited as the Republic of Singapore Independence Act 1965
and shall be deemed to have come into operation on the 9th day of
August 1965 (hereinafter in this Act referred to as “Singapore
Day”).
Interpretation.
2.
In
this Act, unless it is otherwise provided or the context otherwise
requires —
"Head
of State"
means the President
of Singapore;
"Legislature” or “Legislature
of Singapore"
means the President
and the Parliament of Singapore;
"Singapore"
means the Republic of Singapore.
Transfer of sovereignty and jurisdiction.
3.
The
Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia shall with effect from Singapore
Day cease to be the Supreme Head of Singapore and his sovereignty
and jurisdiction and power and authority, executive or otherwise,
in respect of Singapore shall be relinquished and shall vest in
the Head of State.
Exercise of executive powers.
4.
The
executive authority of Singapore shall, on and after Singapore Day,
be vested in the Head of State and shall be exercisable by him or
by the Cabinet or by any Minister authorised by the Cabinet.
Transfer of legislative powers.
5.
The
legislative powers of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and of the Parliament
of Malaysia shall on Singapore Day cease to extend to Singapore
and shall be transferred so as to vest in the Head of State and
in the Legislature of Singapore respectively.
Continuance in force of provisions
of the Constitution of Malaysia and exercise of powers thereunder.
6.
—(1)
The
provisions of the Constitution of Malaysia, other than those set
out in subsection (3), shall continue in force in Singapore subject
to such modifications, adaptations and qualifications and exceptions
as may be necessary to bring them into conformity with the independent
status of Singapore upon separation from Malaysia.
(2)
The provisions of the Constitution
of Malaysia referred to in subsection (1) may in their application
to Singapore be amended by the Legislature.
(3)
The following provisions of the Constitution
of Malaysia shall cease to have effect in Singapore:
Part I; Article 13; Articles 14 to 18;
Article 19A; Article 22; Articles 28 and 28A; Articles 30, 30A and
30B; Part IV; Part V; Part VI; Part VII; Part VIII; Articles 133 and
134; Article 139; Articles 141 to 143; Articles 146A to 148; Part
XII; Part XIII; Part XIV; The Third, Fourth, Fifth, Seventh, Eighth,
Ninth, Tenth, Eleventh and Thirteenth Schedules.
(4)
Without prejudice to the generality
of the provisions of sections 3, 4 and 5, the powers conferred by
the provisions of the Constitution of Malaysia continued in force
under the provisions of subsection (1) shall be exercised on and
after Singapore Day as follows:
(a)
the powers of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong
shall be exercised by the President;
(b)
the powers of the Federal Government
shall be exercised by the Government of Singapore;
(c)
the powers of the Federal Legislature
shall be exercised by the Legislature of Singapore;
(d)
the powers of the Prime Minister of
Malaysia shall be exercised by the Prime Minister of Singapore;
(e)
the powers of a Minister of Malaysia
shall be exercised by the corresponding Minister in Singapore or
by such Minister as may be designated by the Prime Minister of Singapore;
(f)
the powers of the Judicial and Legal
Service Commission shall be exercised by a Legal Service Commission
which shall consist of the following persons:
(i)
the Chief Justice, as President;
(ii)
the Attorney-General;
(iii)
the Chairman of the Public Service
Commission;
(iv)
a Judge of the High Court nominated
generally or specially by the Chief Justice; and
(v)
not more than two members of the Public
Service Commission nominated generally or specially by the Chairman
of the Public Service Commission.
(g)
the powers of the Police Force Commission
shall be exercised by the Public Service Commission;
(h)
the powers of the Lord President of
the Federal Court shall be exercised by the Chief Justice of Singapore;
and
(i)
the powers of the Attorney-General
of Malaysia shall be exercised by the Attorney-General of Singapore.
(5)
In this section, “amendment” includes
addition and repeal.
Official languages and national language.
7.
—(1)
Malay,
Mandarin, Tamil and English shall be the 4 official languages in Singapore.
(2)
The national language shall be the
Malay language and shall be in the Roman script:
Provided that —
(a)
no person shall be prohibited or prevented
from using or from teaching or learning any other language; and
(b)
nothing in this section shall prejudice
the right of the Government to preserve and sustain the use and
study of the language of any other community in Singapore.
Grant of pardon.
8.
—(1)
The
President, as occasion shall arise, may, on the advice of the Cabinet —
(a)
grant a pardon to any accomplice in
any offence who gives information which leads to the conviction
of the principal offender or any one of the principal offenders,
if more than one;
(b)
grant to any offender convicted of
any offence in any court in Singapore, a pardon, free or subject
to lawful conditions, or any reprieve or respite, either indefinite
or for such period as the President may think fit, of the execution
of any sentence pronounced on such offender; or
(c)
remit the whole or any part of such
sentence or of any penalty or forfeiture imposed by law.
(2)
Where any offender has been condemned
to death by the sentence of any court and in the event of an appeal
such sentence has been confirmed by the appellate court, the President
shall cause the reports which are made to him by the Judge who tried
the case and the Chief Justice or other presiding Judge of the appellate
court to be forwarded to the Attorney-General with instructions
that, after the Attorney-General has given his opinion thereon,
the reports shall be sent, together with the Attorney-General’s
opinion, to the Cabinet so that the Cabinet may advise the President on
the exercise of the power conferred on him by subsection (1).
(3)
In subsection
(1), “court” includes a court-martial constituted
by any law applicable to the armed forces of Singapore.
Transfer of property and succession
to rights, liabilities and obligations.
9.
All
property, movable and immovable, and rights, liabilities and obligations which
before 16th September 1963 belonged to or were the responsibility
of the Government of Singapore and which on that day or after became
the property of or the responsibility of the Government of Malaysia
shall, on Singapore Day, revert to, and vest in, or devolve upon,
and become once again the property of or the responsibility of the
Government of Singapore.
Transfer of Singapore officers.
10.
—(1)
All
persons, including members of the Armed Forces, the Police Force, the
Courts, the Legal Service and the Judiciary and all others who immediately
before 16th September 1963 were officers employed by the Government
of Singapore and who on that day or after became officers employed
by the Government of Malaysia shall on Singapore Day become once
again officers employed by the Government of Singapore.
(2)
All persons who between 16th September
1963 and Singapore Day were engaged by the Government of Malaysia
and were employed in those departments which were departments of
the Government of Singapore before 16th September 1963 shall on
Singapore Day become persons temporarily employed by the Government
of Singapore.
(3)
The President may within 24 months
of Singapore Day confirm or terminate the employment of any person
or class of persons who are temporarily employed by the Government
under the provisions of subsection (2).
Temporary provision as to jurisdiction
and procedure of Singapore Courts.
11.
Until
other provision
is made by the Legislature, the jurisdiction,
original or appellate, and the practice and procedure of the High
Court and the subordinate courts of Singapore shall be the same
as that exercised and followed immediately before Singapore Day,
and appeals from the High Court shall continue to lie to the
Federal Court of Malaysia and to the
Privy Council.
Appointment to statutory boards, etc.
12.
Any
provision in any written law in force in Singapore which enables
a member of any statutory board or other body constituted by law
to be appointed from Malaysia or as representing any authority or
person or body of persons in Malaysia shall, unless the President
by notification in the Gazette otherwise orders,
cease to have effect and such statutory board or body shall be deemed
to be properly constituted notwithstanding that no such member has
been or is appointed.
Existing laws.
13.
—(1)
Subject
to the provisions of this section, all existing laws shall continue in
force on and after Singapore Day, but all such laws shall be construed
as from Singapore Day with such modifications, adaptations, qualifications
and exceptions as may be necessary to bring them into conformity
with this Act and with the independent status of Singapore upon
separation from Malaysia.
(2)
Without prejudice to the generality
of subsection (1), in any existing law which continues in force
after Singapore Day, unless the context otherwise requires —
(a)
any reference to the Colony or to the
State of Singapore shall be construed as a reference to the Republic
of Singapore;
(b)
any reference to the Yang di-Pertuan
Agong shall be construed as a reference to the President;
(c)
any reference to the Yang di-Pertuan
Negara shall be construed as a reference to the President;
(d)
any reference to the Cabinet or to
the Prime Minister or a Minister of Malaysia shall be construed
as a reference to the Cabinet or to the Prime Minister or the appropriate
Minister of Singapore;
(e)
any reference to the Parliament or
to the House of Representatives of Malaysia shall be construed as
a reference to the Parliament of Singapore;
(f)
any reference to the Legislative Assembly
shall be construed as a reference to the Parliament of Singapore;
(g)
any reference to the Attorney-General
of Malaysia shall be construed as a reference to the Attorney-General
of Singapore;
(h)
any reference to the State Advocate-General
of Singapore shall be construed as a reference to the Attorney-General
of Singapore; and
(i)
any reference to any person holding
a public office under the Government of Malaysia or to any other
authority or body constituted under the Constitution of Malaysia
or any written law of Malaysia shall be construed as a reference
to the corresponding public officer or corresponding authority or body
of Singapore.
(3)
(a) The President
may, by order made at any time during the period of 3 years after
the coming into operation of this Act and published in the Gazette, make such modifications in any written
law as appear to him to be necessary or expedient in consequence
of the enactment of this Act and in consequence of the independence of
Singapore upon separation from Malaysia.
(b)
Any order made under this subsection
may be amended or repealed by a further order so made.
(c)
An order made under this subsection
shall have effect from such date, not being earlier than Singapore
Day, as may be specified therein.
(d)
An order made under this subsection
shall be presented to Parliament as soon as possible after it is
made.
(4)
Without prejudice to the generality
of the powers contained in subsection (3), the President may by
order make such modifications in any written law as appear to him
to be necessary or expedient in consequence of the abolition of
the City Council and of the Rural Board and of the assumption of
the powers of the local authorities by the Government.
(5)
The Prime Minister may by order declare
which Minister is the appropriate Minister for the purpose of subsection
(2) (d) and may similarly declare who is the corresponding
public officer or which is the corresponding authority or body referred
to in subsection (2) (i).
(6)
In subsection (3), “modification” includes
amendment, adaptation and repeal and in relation to any law of Malaysia
or of the United Kingdom for the time being in force in Singapore
includes power to declare that such law shall cease to apply to Singapore.
(7)
In this section —
"existing
law"
means any law including
written law having effect as part of the law of Singapore prior
to Singapore Day; and
"written
law"
includes the Constitution
of Malaysia and the Constitution of Singapore and all Acts, Ordinances
and enactments by whatever name called and subsidiary legislation
made thereunder for the time being in force in Singapore.
Saving.
14.
Nothing
in this Act shall affect the validity of any acts done in the name
of, or by, the Yang di-Pertuan Negara or the State Advocate-General
before the enactment of this Act.

மொழி ஆங்கிலம், மாண்டரின், மலாய், தமிழ் ஆகியவை சிங்கப்பூர் அரசின் ஏற்புடைய மொழிகளாகும்.

மொழி ஆங்கிலம், மாண்டரின், மலாய், தமிழ் ஆகியவை சிங்கப்பூர் அரசின் ஏற்புடைய மொழிகளாகும்.

The word, the word, the word, the word, the word, the word, the word, the word, the word, the word, the word, and the word.

The word, the word, the word, the word, the word, the word, the word, the word, the word, the word, the word, and the word.

About 100,000 people or 3 refugees in the countryside are speaking in their own language.

He is the one who gives righteousness, the one who gives righteousness, the one who gives righteousness, the one who gives righteousness, the one who gives righteousness.

சிங்கப்பூர் விடுதலை அடைந்தது முதல் ஆட்சி மொழியாக ஆங்கிலம் வளர்க்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. சிங்கப்பூரர்களில் சுமார் 100,000 பேர் அல்லது 3 விழுக்காட்டினர் தமிழை தங்கள் சொந்த மொழியாகப் பேசுகின்றனர். ஆங்கிலம், சீனம், தமிழ், மலாயில் எழுதப்பட்டுள்ள எச்சரிக்கை சிங்கப்பூரின் தேசிய மொழி மலாய். சிங்கப்பூரின் தேசிய கீதம் மலாய் மொழியில் இயற்றப்பட்டுள்ளது. மலாய் தேசிய மொழியாக இருந்தாலும் நடைமுறையில் ஆங்கிலத்துக்கே அரசு முக்கியத்துவம் கொடுக்கிறது, அண்டை நாடுகளான மலேசியா, இந்தோனேசியா போன்றவற்றில் மலாய் தேசிய மொழியாக உள்ளதால் அண்டை நாடுகளுடன் சச்சரவுகளைத் தவிர்க்க மலாயை தேசிய மொழியாகக்

சிங்கப்பூர் விடுதலை அடைந்தது முதல் ஆட்சி மொழியாக ஆங்கிலம் வளர்க்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. சிங்கப்பூரர்களில் சுமார் 100,000 பேர் அல்லது 3 விழுக்காட்டினர் தமிழை தங்கள் சொந்த மொழியாகப் பேசுகின்றனர்.

ஆங்கிலம், சீனம், தமிழ், மலாயில் எழுதப்பட்டுள்ள எச்சரிக்கை சிங்கப்பூரின் தேசிய மொழி மலாய். சிங்கப்பூரின்

About 100,000 people or 3 refugees in the countryside are speaking in their own language. He is the one who gives righteousness, the one who gives righteousness, the one who gives righteousness, the one who gives righteousness, the one who gives righteousness. The national language is run in the Malay language. The Malay language is the language of the Malay language, but in practice the English language gives importance to the state, the Malay language of the Malay language of the Malay language of the Malay language of the Malay language of the Malay language of the Malay language of the Malay language of the Malay language of the Malay language of the Malay language of the Malay language of the Malay language.

About 100,000 people or 3 refugees in the countryside are speaking in their own language.

He is the one who gives righteousness, the one who gives righteousness, the one who gives righteousness, the one who gives righteousness, the one who gives righteousness.

It is brought.

The government’s offices, business, and finance are happening in the world.

"அரசாங்கத்தின்

ஆங்கிலத்திலேயே

This month we bring you on-the-ground news from Malaysia, Singapore and USA...
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
By Jade Thum, Manager Education Intelligence and Partnerships, British Council Malaysia
After two years of hard work compiling data from both public and private universities and university colleges, the official rating for public and private universities, SETARA (Rating System for Higher Education Institutions in Malaysia) was finally unveiled in July 2010.
The emphasis of SETARA 2009 is on the teaching and learning of undergraduate programmes in both public and private universities and university colleges. A total of 58 universities and university colleges took part in this exercise.
SETARA 2009 comprises of six tiers, with Tier 6 identified as Outstanding and Tier 1 as Weak. The university and university colleges are placed into respective tiers in accordance to their scores. A total of 25 criteria captured via 82 indicators are used to calculate the final score.
Based on the outcome from SETARA 2009, no university or university college qualified to be categorised under Tier 6. The majority of the university and university colleges are classified either as Tier 5 (Excellent) or Tier 4 (Very Good).
For a more complete listing of the results and definitions of the criteria used, please refer to the Malaysian Qualifications Agency (MQA) website. It is also worth noting that the listing of the results are arranged alphabetically and not ranked in any particular order.
For further information, please contact Jade Thum, Manager Education Intelligence and Partnerships, British Council Malaysia at Jade.Thum@britishcouncil.org.my.
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By Kelly Koh, Director Education, British Council Singapore.
Writing a brief on Singaporean culture and crafting a guide on general etiquette for the first-time visitor to Singapore is a tricky task. On one hand, because Singapore is an international financial centre and the trading hub for the region, whose population is generally cosmopolitan and well educated, what would be considered normal behaviour in the UK will almost invariably be acceptable in Singapore. On the other, the multi-cultural nature of Singaporean society makes it hard to pin down a definitive set of culturally acceptable behaviours, some quarters being more conservative than others. Perhaps, that it is known as the “crossroads between the East and the West” best sums up the somewhat multi-dimensional nature of Singapore and its culture. It is thus a tease – it seems easy enough to understand and operate in, yet there may be nuances and subtleties that will totally bemuse at times.
Singapore is a modern city-state, and will not hold too many surprises for the seasoned International Officer, well accustomed to cosmopolitan cities. You’ll see the same franchised boutiques, the familiar coffee chains and the ubiquitous fast food restaurants. It is thus fairly predictable and definitely far less exotic than many other Asian cities. The ease with which a reasonably well travelled person - businessman or tourist - can operate in Singapore perhaps accounts for the moniker “Asia for dummies”, or more politely, “Asia light”.
For the English speaker, it is a breeze getting around and communicating in Singapore, as English is the de facto business language and language of administration, with the medium of instruction in schools being English. Public signs and official publications are in English.
Having said that, a number of Singaporeans speak a local hybrid form of English known as Singlish ("Singapore English"), which is sometimes described disparagingly as a Creole language, incorporating vocabulary and grammar from Standard English, various Chinese dialects, Malay and Indian languages. To the untrained ear, this can be totally unintelligible, though most catch on that Singaporeans do like to end their sentences with “lah”!
However, most (reasonably educated) Singaporeans do speak Singapore Standard English, alternatively known as Educated Singapore English, which, grammatically, is not different from standard British English, with variations being confined to accent and a few borrowed words, posing few challenges to any Anglophone. Perhaps what could be a challenge, though, is sometimes understanding the students you are speaking to, who may go something like this, ”So Mr/Ms International officer, I’d lurve to study in the UK, as in study, study but, like, I’m gonna have to, like, find an awesome uni. Can you tweet or FB me, or is there an app I can, like, check out?” (Spoken at 500 words per minute, I should add.)
Of course, being a multi-cultural society, you’ll find many other languages being spoken here, the most common being Mandarin, Chinese. Malay, and other Indian languages like Tamil and Hindi, would also feature quite often, these being the main ethnic groups in Singapore. In truth, though, with nearly a third of the 4.6 million population being from all over the world (Singapore welcomes immigrants with open arms), you could just as easily hear French, Japanese or Spanish being spoken.
With Singapore being a multi-racial society, figuring out names can sometimes be a bit of a challenge, as there is no fixed order as to where the family name is placed. When in doubt as to the family name of the Singaporean, or the pronunciation, it is fine to politely enquire.
One thing seems to be fixed, though: business cards are frequently exchanged – presented with both hands and with the name facing the recipient. Take along a box, or even two, if you’ve got many meetings lined up, or expect to be meeting many people. No bowing is required, handshakes being the norm, though the staunchest Muslims, of whom there are some in Singapore, will not shake hands with people of the opposite gender. In this case, a polite nod and “Nice to meet you” will suffice.
Perhaps due to the tropical climate, people dress less formally here. Suits are reserved for formal occasions, and business attire is generally shirt and trousers, usually sans tie.
When meeting with school or government officials, like the people from the Ministry of Education, you may soon realise that “Death by Powerpoint” seems to be their common execution method. Together with the liberal use of acronyms and “frameworks”, this is often designed to try and showcase their work or department. These eager officials sometimes don’t realise that it is a slow and painful death. One could either politely sit through these presentations while stifling a yawn discreetly, or choose an opportune time to interject with a question or two, which is generally acceptable and will prove a welcome respite. It is, however, not guaranteed that they won’t go back to their slides after having dealt with your questions.
While the general principles of communication apply, it is perhaps important to state that Singaporeans can sometimes come across as being very direct, curt even. Perhaps it is because they are usually very task-oriented, and in the bid to meet their goals, may sometimes come across as tactless, or a little pushy. But a more innocuous reason could be that some are just not as attuned to linguistic and non-linguistic features like connotations, humour or tone.
Strangely enough, this “directness” can be relative. Others who are equally or more up-front, like Americans, for example, might instead find that Singaporeans tend to be less confrontational with people they don’t know too well. Frustratingly, this sometimes results in ambiguous answers like “I’ll think about it” or “We can work out something”. Generally, UK visitors, as long as they bear this schizophrenic nature of Singaporeans in mind, should have few problems interacting with them.
Conversation aside, food features a lot at Singapore meetings. More often than not, refreshments are catered for visitors, and this could range from a simple coffee and sandwiches set-up to an elaborate buffet spread. While no one would compel you to eat, it would be a nice gesture to accept the hospitality of the host by having a token bite. If invited to a formal dinner, normal etiquette applies, though 10-course Chinese banquets are not uncommon, where the 10 dishes are served, one after the other, at the centre of the table. Rest assured, there are usually serving spoons, and you will not have to partake of communal eating.
This provision of food at meetings – and it is almost expected that you would provide some at your University Information sessions as well -- stems from the society’s obsession with food at large. You will find a large number and a wide variety of restaurants in Singapore. As such, it is a breeze for visitors to find a restaurant or food-court that will suit their palates.
Singaporeans themselves are fairly adventurous with food, and are quite accustomed to different cuisines. They, thus, can be sometimes contemptuous of people who travel half-way across the globe, only to insist on eating the type of food they do at home. Again, the prerogative lies with the visitor, but it would be a worthwhile cultural experience to try the local food on offer. It will also be taken as a form of interest in and respect of the country and its culture.
This cultural brief is just that -- a brief. Having merely given a flavour of what to expect, and making some behavioural recommendations, it leaves me to say that as long as you visit with an open mind, and apply general common sense, Singapore will be a breeze to visit. Whatever is familiar – and there will be lots - will make you feel at home. And take whatever that may seem quaint or totally different even, as a new and enriching experience!
By Kelly Koh, Director Education, British Council Singapore.
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By Mary Catherine Scarborough, Education UK, British Council USA
The concept of for-profit institutions has existed in the United States for a long time; however, their rise in prominence started during the business-friendly 1980s and when the reauthorization of the Higher Education Act allowed students attending those institutions to receive federal aid and loan money. Increased demand for higher education here in the US also contributed to the rise in popularity within the market. As community colleges and traditional colleges are unable to keep up with the demand, for-profits have responded and grown exponentially. This is despite the fact that they are often four times as expensive as a community college and twice as expensive as a 4-year institution. Many parent companies (including the Apollo Group, the Career Education Corporation, the Corinthian Colleges, Inc, and Laureate Education) serve as the umbrella for most of the for-profit institutions in the United States. Fourteen of the publicly owned parent corporations were worth more than $26 billion in July 2010 and enrolled 1.4 million students.
In the past few months, Congress has become increasingly interested in private, for-profit institutions due to the amount of federal financial aid flowing into them. In 2008/09 these institutions received $24 billion in federal student aid. Many claim that the aid these institutions receive from the federal government is disproportionate to the quality of the education; and that students enrolled in for-profits default on their federal loans quite often. Following a report from an undercover investigation by the Government Accountability Office (GAO) found a number of for-profits engaged in fraudulent or deceptive practices, the United States Senate held a hearing on the 4th of August 2010. Now, congress is considering introducing legislation to change the federal aid available to for-profit institutions. The Department of Education is also considering tighter regulations.
The investigation behind the GAO report included fifteen for-profit institutions in Arizona, California, Florida, Illinois, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Washington, DC. At all fifteen, representatives made deceptive or questionable claims concerning their college costs, accreditation, and job placement/graduation rates. The institutions are alleged to have encouraged students to engage in fraudulent practices when applying for financial aid and/or to have provided misleading or fraudulent data to the undercover applicants. At four of the institutions, in California, Florida, Pennsylvania, and Texas, the applicants were encouraged by the institutions to commit fraud by making fraudulent claims on their federal financial aid application to get more money. The GAO, and previous reports, noted that the bulk of the federal aid money goes toward marketing rather than student services. The institutions can lose their eligibility for federal financial aid, which for many is their main financial resource, and be fined up to $25,000 per violation.
For-profits are renowned for spending a large amount of their budgets on marketing and recruitment. In 2008, the University of Phoenix spent $130 million on advertisements. According to a Frontline report on PBS, at most for-profit institutions 25% of the budget is dedicated to marketing and only 10-20% is spent on teaching. The federal government provides a large amount of aid to for-profit universities. In the 2008-9 academic year, 23% of the $105 billion Congress received in Title IV funding went to for-profit institutions – a sum of $24 billion. Over 2,000 for-profit colleges participate in the Title IV program (which covers the administration of U.S. federal financial aid programs).
While for-profit institutions have grown, they have attracted more governmental attention. In the early 1990s, an investigation by the Department of Education revealed that for-profits account for ¾ of the fraud and abuse in the student loan program. Following new regulation, 1500 institutions (mostly for-profits) were dropped or withdrew from the program. In December 2009, the University of Phoenix settled a lawsuit claiming it paid enrollment counselors based on the number of students recruited. The settlement was for $67.5 million.
For further information, please contact Mary Catherine Scarborough, Education UK, British Council USA.
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Question: who deals with business and finance in the world

"அரசாங்கத்தின்

It is brought.

The government’s offices, business, and finance are happening in the world.

who deals with business and finance in the world

Question: what are happening in the world today

The government’s offices, business, and finance

It is brought.

The government ’s offices , business , and finance

Question: what are the offices of the government in the world

வணிகம் , கல்வி

It is brought.

what are the offices of the government in the world

Question: what is happening in the world right now

It is brought.

what is happening in the world right now

Question: where are government offices, business, and finance happening

It is brought.

where are government offices, business, and finance happening

Question: government offices, business, and what else are happening in the world today

It is brought.

government offices, business, and what else are happening in the world today

Question: where are the government's offices, business, and finance happening

It is brought.

where are the government's offices, business, and finance happening

Question: what happens when the government's offices, business and finance are happening in the world

It is brought.

what happens when the government's offices, business and finance are happening in the world

The government ’s offices , business , and finance are happening in the world .

கொண்டுள்ளது . அரசாங்கத்தின் அலுவல்கள், வணிகம், கல்வி போன்றவை ஆங்கிலத்திலேயே நடக்கின்றன..

கொண்டுள்ளது .

அரசாங்கத்தின் அலுவல்கள், வணிகம், கல்வி போன்றவை ஆங்கிலத்திலேயே நடக்கின்றன..

It is brought. The government’s offices, business, and finance are happening in the world.

The government’s offices, business, and finance are happening in the world.

The government’s offices,<unk>, and finance are happening in the United States.

The government and the laws are in England, .

"அரசாங்கத்தின்

ஆங்கிலத்திலேயே

சிங்கப்பூரின்

"அரசியலமைப்பு

ஆங்கிலத்திலேயே

Question: where are the government and laws located in the united states

ஆங்கிலத்திலேயே

The government’s offices,<unk>, and finance are happening in the United States.

The government and the laws are in England, .

where are the government and laws located in the united states

Question: where are the offices of the government of the united states located

where are the offices of the government of the united states located

Question: where is the government's offices, offices, and finance located

where is the government's offices, offices, and finance located

Question: along with government offices and laws, what is happening in the united states

along with government offices and laws, what is happening in the united states

Question: where are the offices of the government located

where are the offices of the government located

Question: what is happening in the united states

Question: what offices are happening in the united states

"அரசாங்கத்தின்

what offices are happening in the united states

The government ’s offices,<unk > , and finance are happening in the United States .

The government and the laws are in England , .

அரசாங்கத்தின் அலுவல்கள், வணிகம், கல்வி போன்றவை ஆங்கிலத்திலேயே நடக்கின்றன.. சிங்கப்பூரின் அரசியலமைப்பு மற்றும் சட்டங்கள் ஆங்கிலத்திலேயே உள்ளன, .

அரசாங்கத்தின் அலுவல்கள், வணிகம், கல்வி போன்றவை ஆங்கிலத்திலேயே நடக்கின்றன.. சிங்கப்பூரின்

அரசியலமைப்பு மற்றும் சட்டங்கள் ஆங்கிலத்திலேயே உள்ளன, .

The government’s offices,<unk>, and finance are happening in the United States. The government and the laws are in England, .

The government’s offices,<unk>, and finance are happening in the United States.

The government and the laws are in England, .

There is also the language of the court.

"அரசாங்கத்தின்

ஆங்கிலத்திலேயே

சிங்கப்பூரின்

"அரசியலமைப்பு

ஆங்கிலத்திலேயே

நீதிமன்றத்தின்

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Criminal Justice Division's Online Help Centre
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|Criminal Justice Division's Online Help Centre
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In some circumstances accused persons choose to represent themselves, or circumstances dictate that they do so. It should be noted that self-representation should not be taken lightly. A criminal case may have severe consequences. If you do not have a lawyer, you will have to prepare your case and do the legal research to represent yourself. You will have to do all the things a lawyer would do and it will not be easy.
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Even if you end up representing yourself in court, it’s good to start by talking to a lawyer to help you understand the law and the procedures that might apply to your case. Ask what it would cost to hire a lawyer to handle it for you. In some instances you may be eligible to obtain free (pro bono) legal advice or representation.
In order to ensure that self-representation is undertaken with as much understanding as possible, this portion of the Subordinate Courts website is designed to connect you with information or services that will better inform you of our criminal justice process.
You can also visit our Help Centre. It contains information to help you help yourself. You can find out the different ways to find a lawyer to assist you with your case; legal materials; watch a video on the ‘Overview of court procedure in a criminal case’, et cetera.
The Help Centre does not give legal advice or make any comments on the merits of any case. Court staff can provide general information about court procedures and practices, court hearings listings, and referrals to helpful resources. Court staff cannot give legal advice, which includes advising you whether to ‘plead guilty’ or ‘not guilty’, how you should word your mitigation plea, and what you should say in court. Legal advice also includes researching the law for you, or recommending a particular lawyer.
Location
For criminal and civil proceedings, the HELP Centre is located at the ground floor of the main building of the Subordinate Courts.
For family and juvenile proceedings, the HELP Centre is located on the third floor of the Family & Juvenile Court building of the Subordinate Courts.
Opening hours
|Mondays to Thursdays:
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|8.30am – 12.30pm
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2.00pm – 5.30pm
|Fridays:
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|8.30am – 12.30pm
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2.00pm – 5.00pm
HELP Centre – Criminal Justice Division
Getting legal help
This section is intended to help you find a lawyer. Apart from talking to family and friends, you can find a lawyer by the following means:
Yellow pages
You can look in the yellow pages under “lawyers”. You can obtain a copy of the yellow pages directory from the staff of the Help Centre. You may also click here for the Internet yellow pages directory and search under “lawyers”.
Internet yellow pages: yellow pages.
Law Society
The Law Society maintains a list of lawyers. The Law Society is located at:
39 South Bridge Road
Singapore 058673
Tel: 6538 2500 (General Inquiries)
Fax: 6533 5700
Business hours: Monday – Friday: 9am – 5.45pm.
Closed on Saturdays, Sundays and Public Holidays
You can also refer to the directory at the Law Society’s website.
Please click here for the directory: Law Society’s directory.
Pro Bono services
If you cannot afford to pay for a lawyer, you can consider approaching the Pro Bono Office of the Law Society. You will need to complete a form and give details about your financial situation, such as your income, property, expenses, and other financial information. An assessment will be made as to whether you will be eligible for legal aid.
The Pro Bono Office is located at the 5th level (beside court number 5) of the Subordinate Courts building at 1 Havelock Square.
For more information, you can refer to the website of the Law Society. You may click here to access the relevant information: Pro Bono, Learning and Support Services.
Resources for legal research
If you are defending yourself, you will need to be familiar with the laws governing court procedure and which relate to your case. You may need to be familiar with relevant statutes and case law.
The following commentary in the Singapore Academy of Law’s website gives an overview of the Singapore legal system. Please click here: The Singapore Legal System.
Law Resources on the Web
For resources on law available on the Internet, you may wish to visit the websites of the CJ Koh Library Index to Legal Resources (www.lib.nus.edu.sg) or the SMU Li Ka Shing library at (http://library.smu.edu.sg/).
Case law database
You can access Singapore’s reported and unreported court judgments at LawNet - Legal Workbench (Singapore). In order to access, you will need to be a subscriber and login using your userid and password.
Statutes
Statutes are laws enacted by Parliament. Statutes which relate to criminal matters and court proceedings include the following:
· Constitution of the Republic of Singapore
· Criminal Procedure Code (Cap 68)
· Employment of Foreign Manpower Act (Cap 91A)
· Evidence Act (Cap 97)
· Immigration Act (Cap 133)
· Miscellaneous Offences (Public Order and Nuisance) Act (Cap 184)
· Misuse of Drugs Act (Cap 185)
· Penal Code (Cap 224)
· Prevention of Corruption Act (Cap 241)
· Road Traffic Act (Cap 276)
· Subordinate Courts Act (Cap 321)
These and other statutes are publicly available online on the Attorney-General’s Chambers website. Please click here to access all the Acts of Singapore: Singapore Statutes Online.
Law libraries
Law libraries have print and online resources including statutes, regulations, court judgments reported in the law reports, and text books about specific areas of law. Most law text books are written for legal professionals, but some books are written for non-lawyers.
You may want to consult the legal resources available at the public libraries of the National Library Board.
Textbooks available at Help Centre
The following textbooks are available at the Help Centre. Please note that you cannot take these books out of the Help Centre.
1. Sentencing Practice in the Subordinate Courts (Practitioners’ Library series)
2. Sentencing Principles in Singapore by Kow Keng Siong (Law Practice Series)
3. Criminal law in Singapore and Malaysia by Stanley Yeo, Neil Morgan and Chan Wing Cheong (Singapore: LexisNexis 2007)
4. Ratanlal & Dhirajlal on Law of Crimes Volume 1, 2 (24th Edition)
5. Criminal Procedure Volume 1,2 and 3 by Tan Yock Lin
6. Evidence, Advocacy & Litigation Process by Jeffrey Pinsler (2nd Edition)
7. Evidence in Criminal Trials (Practitioners’ Library series)
Frequently asked questions
This section of the website provides answers to many frequently asked questions concerning the criminal justice system of the Subordinate Courts. Please note that this material is not a substitute for legal advice.
Application for court records FAQs
Bail FAQs
Permission to travel whilst on bail FAQs
Cancellation of a warrant of arrest FAQs
Change of court day(s) / Application for adjournment FAQs
Community Court FAQs
Coroner’s Court FAQs
Court procedure in criminal cases FAQs
Dispensation of personal court attendance FAQs
Legal Counsel FAQs
Magistrate’s Complaints FAQs
Criminal Mentions Courts FAQs
Night Courts FAQs
Notice of Appeal FAQs
Plead guilty process FAQs
Statutory declarations FAQs
Traffic cases FAQs
Application for court records FAQs
I would like to get a copy of court documents. How do I apply for it?
How do I get Form 59? Must I go down personally?
How may I submit the application?
When will I get the documents applied for? Do I have to collect it personally or could I have it couriered?
How much do I have to pay?
What payment methods do you accept and where do I make payment?
What information must I provide in Form 59 for the document(s) requested?
Can I appeal if the request is not approved?
Who can I contact to find out the status?
I would like to get a copy of court documents. How do I apply for it?
You would need to fill up an application form; Form 59, and submit it to the Crime Registry. The Registry is located at the ground floor. Please turn right from the entrance of the Subordinate Courts.
How do I get Form 59? Must I go down personally?
You can collect a copy from the counters of the Registry or the Help Centre. An electronic copy of the form is available on the Subordinate Courts website.
(http://app.subcourts.gov.sg/Data/Files/File/HELP_CrimeDiv/Form 59 (New form w.e.f. Feb 07).pdf)
How may I submit the application?
You can submit your application by post or fax it to the Registry via fax number: 64355122.
When will I get the documents applied for? Do I have to collect it personally or could I have it couriered?
You will receive a letter informing you that the document(s) is ready for collection. The documents have to be collected personally at the Registry. Please bring along the letter when you come to collect the document(s).
How much do I have to pay?
The cost is $5.00 per document or 30 cents per page. The letter informing you that the document is ready for collection will also state the amount to be paid.
What payment methods do you accept and where do I make payment?
Payment by cash, cash card, NETS or cheque may be accepted but this depends on the amount of payment required. At the moment, cash card and NETS are the two means of electronic payments which are accepted.
Please proceed to the Finance Section at the ground floor to make the payment. You must show the receipt of payment before you can collect the document(s) from the Registry.
What information must I provide in Form 59 for the document(s) requested?
Please include the following information:
· Applicant’s name, address and telephone number.
· Document(s) requested.
· Details of the case - name of parties, case number, the date(s) the case was heard, where the case was heard.
· Reason(s) why the document(s) is required.
Can I appeal if the request is not approved?
You may re-apply for the document(s) stating your reasons in full why you require the document(s). Your application will be reviewed.
Who can I contact to find out the status?
You can speak to the personnel at the Registry at 64355897.
Bail FAQs
What is Bail?
Who can grant bail?
When can an accused be released on bail?
Who can stand as surety?
What are the operation hours of the Bail Centre?
How is the amount of bail decided?
What are the steps involved in the processing of the bail bond?
What happens during the execution of the bail bond?
Are there conditions attached to bail?
What are the consequences of breaching bail?
How do I obtain a refund of my bail?
Can I discharge myself as a surety?
When may a statutory declaration be required?
How do I make a statutory declaration?
What is the effect of a statutory declaration?
What is Bail?
An accused is on bail when he is released from the custody of law enforcement officers and entrusted to the custody of a surety or sureties who are bound to produce him when required to do so.
The surety or sureties who procure the release of the accused become responsible for his appearance when required at the stipulated time and place. The responsibility of a surety to ensure the attendance of the accused in court is a very serious one.
Security for bail may be furnished either in the form of a cash deposit with the court or property (collateral) pledged as guarantee for the amount of the bail sum. The person who provides this security is called a surety or a bailor.
Who can grant bail?
The Court, a police officer who is not below the rank of sergeant and other law enforcement officers are empowered to grant bail.
When can an accused be released on bail?
An accused may be offered police bail after his arrest and before he is charged in Court. Once the accused is formally charged in Court and until the case is concluded, the police bail granted may be extended or fresh bail may be offered at the first mention by the Court.
Once bail is granted, the accused would be remanded until the bail bond is executed. If the bail offered is not processed within the same day, the accused would be remanded (imprisoned) until his next appearance in Court unless someone agrees to stand bail for him.
If a person agrees to be the bailor, he would have to go to the Bail Centre during its processing hours. The accused would be released from remand once the bail is furnished.
Who can stand as surety?
Anyone who is above 21 years old, is not a bankrupt, does not have any pending criminal proceedings against him or her. The suitability to be a surety is subject to the discretion of the court.
What are the operation hours of the Bail Centre?
The Bail Centre is located in the Crime Registry. The bail processing hours are:
9.00 am - 5.00pm (Mondays to Thursdays)
9.00 am - 4.30 pm (Fridays)
9.00 am - 12.00 pm (Saturdays)
Tel: 64355928/ 64355929
How is the amount of bail decided?
The amount of bail is at the Court's discretion. When bail is offered by the Court, the Prosecuting Officer may suggest an amount for the bail sum. If the accused or his counsel is of the view that the amount is too high, he may make a counter-proposal. The Court may proceed to hear arguments from both sides before determining the amount.
Some relevant factors considered by the Court are:
· the nature and gravity of the offence(s) charged
· the severity and degree of punishment which the conviction may entail
· the character, means and standing of the accused
· whether the accused is a first offender or has a previous conviction, etc.
What are the steps involved in the processing of the bail bond?
Where the bail sum does not exceed $15,000, personal property items may be used as proof of their worth. Examples include jewellery or household items, which must be fully paid up and belong to the surety.
Where the bail sum is greater than $15,000, the surety is required to provide cash or cash equivalents such as fixed deposits or savings accounts as security for bail.
What happens during the execution of the bail bond?
The responsibilities of the surety and the consequences of breaching the conditions of bail will be explained by an interpreter to the surety. They will also be informed of the next mention or trial date. Following that, the surety will be brought before a Magistrate to acknowledge the bail bond. The Magistrate would ascertain from the surety whether he is aware of the mention or trial date and whether he is aware of his duties as a surety. Following that, the accused would be released on bail.
Are there conditions attached to bail?
Yes, conditions may be attached. The usual condition is that the accused person shall not leave Singapore until he has obtained the court’s permission to do so, or if he is on police bail, the police officer's approval. The surety must also consent if there is an application by the accused to go overseas.
Where the accused person is a foreigner, the Court will require that the surety must be a Singaporean and that the accused person surrenders his passport.
What are the consequences of breaching bail?
If an accused fails to appear in Court on the stipulated date and time, the Court will issue a Warrant of Arrest against him. A notice to show cause will also be issued to the surety to enable him to explain to the Court on a specified date as to why he should not be ordered to pay the bail amount forfeited by the Court.
If the forfeited sum is not paid, the Court may proceed to recover the sum by issuing a warrant for the attachment and sale of the property belonging to the surety. If the forfeited sum cannot be recovered by such attachment and sale, the surety is liable to imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months.
How do I obtain a refund of my bail?
The security provided by the surety and retained by the Court would be released or refunded to the surety upon the conclusion of a case.
If collateral such as a savings passbook or fixed deposit slip was used for purpose of bail, it can be collected from the Finance section which is located at the ground floor of the Havelock Square Complex. Before proceeding to the Finance Section, the surety must first obtain a release letter from the officer of the Court (where the case was concluded) authorising the Finance Section to release the collateral. If cash was used for purposes of bail, the bail sum would be directly refunded to the surety by the Accountant-General by way of crediting directly into the surety's bank account which was furnished by the surety at the point of standing bail, within 21 working days.
Can I discharge myself as a surety?
The surety may at any time apply to be discharged from his responsibilities if he no longer wishes to stand as surety. The application may be made in court when the matter is next mentioned. A surety may also make a written application to the Court for the matter to be fixed for mention to enable him to make the necessary application. He must bring the accused to court on the mention date given. Upon the discharge of the surety, the accused would be remanded until another surety is found.
When may a statutory declaration be required?
Where an accused is required to surrender his passport as a condition of bail but he is unable to produce his passport, he may be asked to make a statutory declaration stating the reasons for his inability to produce his passport.
How do I make a statutory declaration?
A statutory declaration has to be in a prescribed form as provided in the First Schedule to the Oaths and Declarations Act (Chapter 211). The form is available on request at the Bail Centre. The statutory declaration is to be made before a Commissioner of Oaths at the Bail Centre.
What is the effect of a statutory declaration?
It is a criminal offence to make a false statement in a statutory declaration, where one knows or has reason to believe the statement is false or does not believe it to be true. Where the person has made the false statement in a statutory declaration for use in any stage of a judicial proceeding, he shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to 7 years and shall also be liable to a fine.
Permission to travel whilst on bail FAQs
How do I apply for permission to leave the country?
How do I apply for permission to leave the country?
Step 1: Applying for permission to leave the country
An accused person who is on bail has to apply for the Court's permission to leave Singapore.
You can do so by making a formal application in writing or by filling in the standard application form available at the Crime Registry. (You may also click here for the form.) The application must state clearly your particulars, the mention/PTC/trial date(s), the court at which the matter is fixed, the duration of trip, the destination, and the purpose of the trip.
The application must be addressed and mailed to: The Registrar, Subordinate Courts, 1 Havelock Square, Singapore 059724. Alternatively the application may be faxed to 64355122.
Step 2: Court considers the application
Once the application is made, it will be referred to the relevant judge for his or her consideration.
Step 3: Notification to accused
If the judge agrees to hear the application, you will be notified in writing of the date and time for mention in court.
If the application is not approved, you will also be notified in writing that you are not allowed to leave Singapore.
Step 4: Case is mentioned in Court
On the date of the mention in court, you and the surety must be present and you must state the reason(s) for your application. You must inform the court of your intended destination(s) as well as your expected departure and return dates. The surety must also give his or her consent before the court considers the application.
The prosecution will have the opportunity to state its position on the application.
After hearing both sides, the court may either refuse permission or grant it subject to certain conditions. If the application is approved, the relevant endorsement will be made.
Cancellation of a warrant of arrest FAQs
How do I apply for the cancellation of a warrant of arrest?
What documents do I need to provide for my application for cancellation?
How do I know if my application for cancellation of the Warrant of Arrest is approved?
How do I apply for the cancellation of a warrant of arrest?
An application for the cancellation of a warrant of arrest may be made if you had a valid reason for your absence from court and provided that the warrant of arrest has not been executed by the police.
The application can be made by either completing a standard application form (click here for the form) available at the Crime Registry or the Help Centre, or by a letter addressed to the Registrar of the Subordinate Courts providing details of your case, such as the case number, court number, and the date on which you were absent and stating the reason(s) for your absence.
Please note that whether the application is granted or not is at the Court’s discretion.
What documents do I need to provide for my application for cancellation?
The application should be supported by valid documents relevant to the reason(s) for your absence. For example, if you were sick, a medical certificate will be needed to support your application.
Please note a medical certificate will not be accepted unless:
a) it contains the name of the medical practitioner who issued the certificate;
b) it states the name of the hospital/clinic in which he practices;
c) it indicates that the person to whom the certificate is issued is unable to attend Court;
d) it specifies the date(s) on which he is unfit to attend Court;
e) it is signed in full by the medical practitioner and must not be merely initialled;
f) it is authenticated by a rubber stamp showing the medical practitioner's full name and designation in the hospital or clinic.
If you were serving sentence on the date you were absent, you would be required to produce a memorandum from the Prisons stating the period during which you were serving your sentence.
How do I know if my application for cancellation of the Warrant of Arrest is approved?
If your application is approved, a new hearing date will be scheduled for you to appear in court and you will be notified in writing.
If your application is not approved, you will be notified in writing and you will be asked to surrender either to the relevant prosecuting agency or to the Warrant Enforcement Unit at the Police Cantonment Complex for the warrant to be executed by the police.
The Judge may also direct the matter to be fixed for mention and for the application to be dealt with in open court. You will be notified in writing of the mention date. On the mention date, you will be asked by the judge for the reason(s) why you were absent. The judge will make a decision on whether to allow your application after hearing your explanation. You should bring all relevant document(s) in support of your application.
Change of court day(s) / Application for adjournment FAQs
Can I ask for a change of mention/ptc/trial dates?
How do I apply to for a change of the court date?
How would I know if my application is approved?
Can I ask for a change of mention/ptc/trial dates?
You should apply for a change of a mention date or a trial date(s) only if you have very good reason(s) to support why you are unable to attend court on the given date(s). If you have an appointment that clashes with the Court date(s), you must reschedule that appointment unless you can give good reason(s) why you cannot do so. You should note that an application for an adjournment of a trial date(s) is granted only in very exceptional circumstances.
Please note that whether your application will be granted or not is at the discretion of the Court.
How do I apply to for a change of the court date?
If you have received a notice or summons to attend Court on a particular date and you are unable to attend on the first court mention date, you should contact the relevant prosecuting agency as soon as possible to request for a change of the court date. Whether your request will be acceded to or not would be decided by the prosecuting agency.
If this is not your first court mention and your case has been mentioned in court previously or trial date(s) have been given, you can do so by completing the standard application form (click here for the form), or by a formal application in writing, or appear in person to make the application.
The application in writing must state the date(s) of the case and the court at which it is fixed, your personal particulars, contact particulars and full reason(s) for your application. If you have any document(s) to support you reason(s), a copy should be enclosed. The application should be addressed to The Registrar, Subordinate Courts, 1 Havelock Square, Singapore 059724 or faxed to 64355122.
Once the application is made, it will be referred to the relevant judge for his or her consideration.
How would I know if my application is approved?
If the application is approved, you will be notified in writing by the court or the prosecuting agency of the new mention date and time.
If you application is not approved, you will also be notified in writing by the court and you will be required to attend court on the original mention/trial date. If you fail to do so, a warrant of arrest may be issued against you.
Community Court FAQs
What is the Community Court?
What are the types of cases that are dealt with by the Community Court?
Can I request for my case to be heard in the Community Court?
What is a CCC (Community Court Conference)?
What happens if the accused apologises to the victim for the commission of the offence (for e.g., causing hurt), can the victim apply to withdraw the charge against the accused?
Who assists the Community Court judge in making referrals to the relevant community agencies?
Which are the community agencies that work closely with the Community Court offering link-up services?
Is there any advantage for my case to be heard in the Community Court?
What is the Community Court?
The Community Court seeks to achieve the same goals as any other criminal courts, namely, to prevent and reduce the incidence of crimes and to ensure that accused persons are dealt with fairly, justly and appropriately.
The Community Court also looks into the rehabilitation prospects of the accused person, in exploring sentencing alternatives and community based sanctions where possible, in order to address the underlying causes of criminality.
The Community Court has a clear emphasis in ensuring that offenders receive the appropriate programmes and sentences that will help to curb future criminal behaviour.
What are the types of cases that are dealt with by the Community Court?
The categories of cases that are heard in the Community Court are as follows:
a) youthful offenders (aged 16 to 18 years);
b) those below 21 years accused of theft, violence, sexual crimes, gambling or drug related charges excluding cases which involve multiple accused persons, especially for offences of unlawful assembly, rioting and robbery, who are claiming trial;
c) selected offenders with mental disorders;
d) attempted suicide cases;
e) family violence cases;
f) abuse and cruelty to animals;
g) cases which impact on race relations issues;
h) selected cases involving accused persons who are 65 years of age and above;
i) selected cases involving accused with chronic addiction problems; and
j) shop theft cases.
Can I request for my case to be heard in the Community Court?
Yes, provided it falls under any of the category of cases heard by the Community Court (see question above).
What is a CCC (Community Court Conference)?
It is convened by the judge and would typically include the accused, his family, defence counsel, the investigating officer, the victim or relevant community agency or stakeholder (where applicable), to explore any or all of the following:
a) mediation between the victim and the accused (especially in the context of a domestic or relational dispute);
b) the underlying causes of the accused’s repeated offending behaviour;
c) the appropriate treatment plan for the accused; and
d) the co-operation from the accused’s family on his/her rehabilitative needs in order to prevent future re-offending behaviour.
What happens if the accused apologises to the victim for the commission of the offence (for e.g., causing hurt)? Can the victim apply to withdraw the charge against the accused?
No. The prerogative to proceed with or withdraw a charge against an accused lies with the prosecution. However, if there are good mitigating factors, for example, where an apology has been extended (especially in a domestic or relational dispute), compensation from the accused, or an undertaking from the accused to either seek treatment (which may have contributed to his offending behaviour), or to attend counselling, the accused may apply to the court to adjourn the matter for the purposes of forwarding written representations to the Attorney-General’s Chambers to either reduce or withdraw the charge.
Who assists the Community Court judge in making referrals to the relevant community agencies?
The Community Court Secretariat which consists of a team including a clinical psychologist, case manager and social worker, who assist in the assessment, referral, management and co-ordination of the cases with the relevant community agencies, which offer relevant counselling and offence-specific programmes for the accused persons.
Which are the community agencies that work closely with the Community Court offering link-up services?
Please see brochure of the Community Court under “Community Resources”.
Is there any advantage for my case to be heard in the Community Court?
The Community Court seeks to achieve the same goals as any other criminal court, but it is additionally committed to undertake a non-traditional approach to dealing with offenders by exploring sentencing alternatives and community based sanctions with inputs from criminal justice agencies, social service providers and criminal justice professionals to promote rehabilitation and address the underlying causes of criminality.
Coroner’s Court FAQs
What is the Coroner’s Court?
Who is the Coroner and what are his duties?
When will a death be made a coroner’s case?
How can I find out about the status of the Coroner’s investigation?
What should I do when my next-of-kin dies?
What should I do when I witness a sudden or unnatural death or finds a dead body?
What happens at the Coroner’s inquiry?
What happens when my next-of-kin is made a coroner’s case?
What is an autopsy?
Why is an autopsy required?
Can the Next-Of-Kin request for a copy of the autopsy report?
Can I appeal against the decision to conduct an autopsy?
When will there be a coroner’s inquiry?
Can I choose not to attend the Inquiry?
If I cannot attend the Coroner Inquiry, can I request for it to be postponed?
As the Next-Of-Kin, should I be represented by a lawyer at the Coroner’s Inquiry?
What if I am named as a witness to the death of the deceased?
What if I am named as a “Potential Defendant”?
How do I locate the Coroner’s Court?
What is the Coroner’s Court?
The Coroner’s Court holds inquiries when there is reason to suspect that a person has died:
· in sudden or unnatural manner;
· by violence;
· when the cause of death is unknown and in situations where the law requires an inquiry.
Who is the Coroner and what are his duties?
The Coroner is a District Judge of the Subordinate Courts. With the help of the Police, the Coroner will conduct investigations into the circumstances in which the deceased died.
When will a death be made a coroner’s case?
Cases in which death is sudden or is suspected to be by unnatural means will be classified by the Police as Coroner's cases. Examples of these cases are suspected suicide, road traffic and industrial accidents, and death of an inmate in prison. Where death appears peaceful but the cause of death is not known, the Police will also classify the case as a Coroner’s case.
How can I find out about the status of the Coroner’s investigation?
You can contact the Investigation Officer of the Police Division concerned to enquire about status of the investigation.
What should I do when my next-of-kin dies?
If your next-of-kin dies at home
You should inform the police. The Police will then visit your home and conduct investigations to decide whether the case should be referred to the Coroner.
If the death appears peaceful and if the deceased has been receiving medical treatment from a doctor, you may ask the doctor to visit your home. If the doctor is satisfied that the deceased had died from a natural cause, he may sign a death certificate for the deceased.
If your next-of-kin dies in hospital
If the deceased has been ill and has been receiving medical treatment from a hospital, the doctors at the hospital may sign a death certificate for the deceased if they are satisfied that the cause of death is natural.
However, if the doctors are not satisfied that the cause of death is natural, or if they are unable to determine the cause of death, they will refer to the case to the Coroner.
What should I do when I witness a sudden or unnatural death or finds a dead body?
You should report the incident to the Police immediately. You should also not remove the body before the arrival of the Police.
What happens at the Coroner’s inquiry?
Mentions will be conducted before the actual Coroner’s Inquiry in every case. Where necessary, Pre-Inquiry Conferences are also held where the Coroner will speak to the Next-of-Kin and other involved parties to arrive at a better understanding of the circumstances surrounding the death of the deceased in preparation for the Coroner's Inquiry. During the Coroners' Inquiry, the Coroner will listen to the evidence of witnesses. At the end of the inquiry, he will record a verdict.
Common verdicts are:
· Suicide: A suicide verdict is recorded when the Coroner is satisfied that the deceased intended to and did take his/her own life.
· Misadventure: A misadventure verdict is recorded when the death resulted from an accident caused by the deceased's own fault or by events beyond human control.
· Open Verdict: An open verdict is recorded if the circumstances in which death occurred are not clear.
Other than the above common verdicts, the Coroner may record a verdict of Death Due to Negligent Act of a Potential Defendant or Murder by person/persons unknown in some cases.
What happens when my next-of-kin is made a coroner’s case?
The deceased's body will be brought to the Mortuary at HSA, Centre for Forensic Medicine at Outram Road, Singapore 169608.
The Police will inform you when you are to be present at the mortuary to identify your Next-of-Kin's body to the Coroner. The Coroner will then decide whether an autopsy should be performed on the deceased. If no autopsy is to be performed, you can claim the deceased's body. If an autopsy is to be carried out, you will be informed by the Police when you can claim the deceased's body.
What is an autopsy?
An autopsy or a post-mortem examination is an operation which is conducted by a forensic pathologist. Its purpose is to enable the Coroner to find out the cause of death.
Why is an autopsy required?
An autopsy is required so as to assist the Coroner in determining an accurate finding as to the medical cause of death. For more details relating to the work of the Forensic Pathologist, please visit http://www.hsa.gov.sg.
Can the Next-Of-Kin request for a copy of the autopsy report?
The Next-Of-Kin will be informed of the cause of the death in the death certificate. However, if the Next-Of-Kin wishes to obtain a copy of the autopsy report, they can enquire at the Mortuary at the Health Sciences Authority.
Can I appeal against the decision to conduct an autopsy?
No. The Coroner’s decision is final. He makes that decision carefully and based on all evidence presented to him, including evidence presented by the deceased's family.
In cases where death appears peaceful but the cause of death is not known, you should inform the Police if the deceased has been suffering from any illness, and if so, the particulars of the doctor(s) which the deceased has consulted. The Police will bring this to the attention of the Coroner to assist him in making his decision.
When will there be a coroner’s inquiry?
Where the death had resulted from a natural disease condition, it is usually not necessary to hold an Inquiry. However, if the death had been the result of an unnatural cause or circumstances, an Inquiry would likely be held.
The Police will inform you of the date and time of the Coroner’s Inquiry. As the Next-Of-Kin of the deceased, you may attend the inquiry.
Can I choose not to attend the Inquiry?
It is not mandatory for the Next-Of-Kin to be present at the Inquiry.
If I cannot attend the Coroner Inquiry, can I request for it to be postponed?
You may bring up the request to the Investigating Officer who will make an application to Court. The State Coroner will then decide based on the reason(s) provided. The outcome will be made known to you by the Investigating Officer.
As the Next-Of-Kin, should I be represented by a lawyer at the Coroner’s Inquiry?
It is up to you to decide if you want to engage the services of a lawyer to seek legal advice, assistance or representation for the Coroner’s Inquiry.
What if I am named as a witness to the death of the deceased?
You will be summoned to Court as a witness to give evidence. The conditioned statement that you have provided earlier to the Police as well as your oral testimony given in Court will be taken down and recorded as evidence. You will be duty-bound to truthfully provide all the facts that you know leading to the death of the deceased.
What if I am named as a “Potential Defendant”?
Where one or more persons is directly or indirectly responsible for causing the death of the deceased, the State may at any time name one or more persons as Potential Defendant(s) at the Coroner’s Inquiry before the verdict of the court is given.
As a Potential Defendant, it is possible that the court may rule that the death of the deceased was “Death due to the negligent act of the potential defendant(s)”.
The Potential Defendant may engage a counsel of his choice to hold a watching brief.
The Potential Defendant is given the opportunity to cross-examine each witness produced against him, including the medical doctor who made a post-mortem examination of the deceased, as well as to produce witnesses in his defence.
After the evidence has been presented on behalf of the State, a caution under section 290 of the Criminal Procedure Code (Cap 68) is administered to the Potential Defendant. He can choose to give evidence or remain silent. If he elects to give evidence, the evidence will be given under oath or affirmation and recorded. He may be questioned by the officer appearing on behalf of the State. The potential defendant can call witnesses if he elects to give evidence or remain silent.
After all the evidence is recorded, the Coroner delivers his findings and verdict based on the evidence.
How do I locate the Coroner’s Court?
The Coroner’s Court is located at:
Subordinate Courts Building
Court 22, Level 3
No 1 Havelock Square
Singapore 059724
Operating Hours:
9.30am – 1.00pm
2.30pm – 5.30pm
Court procedure in criminal cases FAQs
What are the stages in a criminal trial?
What happens at the pre-trial stage?
What can I do at the pre-trial conference? What happens at the pre-trial conference?
What steps do I need to take to prepare for the trial?
What happens during the criminal trial?
How do I defend myself?
What happens when I choose to give evidence?
What happens after the conclusion of the trial?
What can I do if I am not satisfied with the court’s decision?
What are the stages in a criminal trial?
There are broadly three stages in a criminal trial, namely, the pre-trial, trial and post-trial stage.
What happens at the pre-trial stage?
At the pre-trial stage at the Mentions Court, you will either indicate that you wish to admit or dispute the charge(s) against you.
You admit to a charge(s) by pleading guilty, which means that you admit to having committed the offence stated in the charge(s).
On the other hand, you plead not guilty (i.e. claim trial) when you dispute the charge(s). A pre-trial conference (‘PTC’) would be fixed if you claim trial. The purpose of the pre-trial conference is to update the judge on the progress of the case and to determine if your case is ready to proceed for a trial.
What can I do at the pre-trial conference? What happens at the pre-trial conference?
You should indicate to the judge if you wish to make written representations to the Attorney-General’s Chambers to review the charge(s) against you. This is for the purpose of withdrawing or reducing the nature and/or number of charge(s) you are facing.
The prosecutor would inform the judge the nature of the evidence against you and the witnesses he is calling for the trial.
Similarly, you should inform the judge if you wish to call any witnesses at the trial. If you intend to call witnesses to prove that you were not at the scene of the crime but somewhere else (i.e. raise a defence of alibi), you must inform the court and give particulars of the witnesses within 14 days from the time your case was first mentioned in court (i.e. the mentions court).
If the prosecution is agreeable, you should request for an exchange of documents with the prosecution, which are to be relied on for the hearing. This includes the statements that you have given to the police.
What steps do I need to take to prepare for the trial?
You need to ensure that all your witnesses attend court for the trial. The witnesses may be summoned to do so by way of a summons served on them. This can be obtained from the Criminal Justice Division’s Registry for a fee payment of $1.
The summons would be issued and served on the witness by the court process server. However, this would not be necessary if you are very certain that your witnesses are willing to be present in court.
You should ensure that the evidence you are relying on at the trial is available. If you are relying on documentary evidence, please make at least three copies of each document. The original document would be submitted to the court, while the remaining copies are for the prosecution, the witness and yourself. You should make sure that the author or maker of the document is available as a witness if the prosecution requires him or her to give evidence.
What happens during the criminal trial?
The prosecution would first present its evidence by calling its witnesses and producing exhibits to support/prove the charge(s) against you.
At the first stage known as ‘examination-in-chief’, the prosecutor would ask first questions of its witnesses. After this stage, you are entitled to ask the same witness questions. This is known as ‘cross-examination’. During cross-examination, you can challenge and contradict the evidence of the prosecution witness with the use of documentary evidence, if any. You should also put forth your version of the events to the witness and ask him or her if he or she agrees with it. At the end of the cross-examination, the prosecutor would be allowed to ask further questions of the witness for the purpose of clarifying the witness’ answers given in cross-examination. This process is called ‘re-examination’.
How do I defend myself?
When the court decides that the prosecution has shown sufficient evidence in respect of the charge(s) against you, you have two options. First, you can choose to give evidence and call witnesses in your defence. Alternatively, you may choose to remain silent. However, if you opt for the option of remaining silent, the court may draw the necessary inferences, some of which may be against you.
What happens when I choose to give evidence?
You would testify from the witness stand on oath or affirmation. After you have given your account of the events, the prosecutor would be allowed to cross-examine you by asking you questions. You would be the first person to testify. Following you, you may call your other witnesses to the witness stand. Similarly, they would be given an opportunity to answer your questions first before being cross-examined by the prosecutor. You may then re-examine the witness.
What happens after the conclusion of the trial?
Both the prosecution and you would be allowed to summarise the evidence and make arguments on the credibility of the witnesses, in order to persuade the court to accept your respective version of the events. This is known as making closing submissions.
Thereafter, the court would deliver its decision, i.e. verdict, which would pronounce if you are guilty of the charge(s) (conviction) or not guilty (acquittal).
In the event that you are found guilty on the charge(s), the court would convict and sentence you. The court will give you an opportunity to present your mitigation before passing sentence.
What can I do if I am not satisfied with the court’s decision?
If you were convicted after a trial, you can file an appeal against the court’s decision on conviction or sentence, as well as both conviction and sentence. If you have pleaded guilty, you can only appeal against the sentence.
The appeal must be filed at the Criminal Justice Division’s Registry within 10 calendar days from the date on which the verdict was pronounced.
Dispensation of personal court attendance FAQs
Is personal attendance at court compulsory?
In what circumstance can I be excused from attending court?
How do I apply for my court attendance to be dispensed with?
Do I still have to attend court if I have compounded by offences?
Do I still have to attend Court if I fall sick?
Is personal attendance at court compulsory?
Court attendance is generally compulsory in all cases if your personal attendance has not been dispensed with.
If an accused person fails to attend court on the date and time as required, a warrant of arrest is issued against him for his arrest to be effected. However, if you had a valid reason for your absence, for example, you were on medical leave, you were remanded or were serving sentence for another offence(s) on the Court date, you should apply to Court for a cancellation of the warrant of arrest. Please refer to FAQs on “Cancellation of a Warrant of Arrest” for more information.
If the accused was on bail when he failed to attend, his surety/bailor will be summoned to Court to pay the bail sum forfeited or to show cause, that is, to explain why the bail money should not be forfeited.
For certain offences prosecuted by the Land Transport Authority, Traffic Police, Housing and Development Board, the Urban Redevelopment Authority, etc. when the warrant of arrest is executed, that is, the accused is arrested and brought before the Court, he may be asked to explain his absence in Court. The Court will impose a fine if no satisfactory reason is given for the absence.
In what circumstance can I be excused from attending court?
If an offence is punishable by fine or by imprisonment not exceeding three months or by both, and if a summons has been issued and you wish to plead guilty, you may engage a lawyer to appear on your behalf, or may by letter addressed to the court plead guilty and agree to pay any fine imposed by the court for the offence. However, if the court finds an imprisonment sentence is appropriate, then you would not be sentenced in your absence but would be required to attend court.
In addition, the Court may excuse an accused from attending court if he has been informed by the prosecutor that the charge(s) will be withdrawn because he has settled by paying the composition fine(s).
How do I apply for my court attendance to be dispensed with?
You may either write in to the Subordinate Courts or make the application in person.
For Night Court cases, you must make the application before the Duty Magistrate at the Crime Registry, whilst for other criminal cases you must make the application to the designated Court.
Please note that the application must be made well in advance before the next court date. In support of your application, you must state the reason(s) with supporting documents.
It is important to remember that if you have applied in writing, unless you have obtained a written confirmation that your court attendance is dispensed with, you must still attend Court on the appointed date.
Do I still have to attend court if I have compounded by offences?
You may apply for dispensation of your court attendance (excused from attending court) if you have already settled or compounded all outstanding cases against you.
You can do so by completing the standard Application form (click here for the form). This application must be supported by proof of payments or receipts from the relevant prosecuting agencies. The completed form or the application should be submitted to the relevant prosecuting agency.
Upon receipt, the Agency will consider the application. If consent is given, you will be notified and will not need to attend court on the specified date.
If no consent is given, you will be notified and will be required to attend court on the specified date. Failure to do so will result in a warrant of arrest being issued against you.
Do I still have to attend Court if I fall sick?
In order to be excused from court attendance, a doctor must certify you as being unfit for court attendance. You will then need to ask someone to produce a medical certificate from the doctor in court on your behalf.
A medical certificate will not be accepted unless:
a) it contains the name of the medical practitioner who issued the certificate;
b) it states the name of the hospital/clinic in which he practices;
c) it indicates that the person to whom the certificate is issued is unable to attend Court i.e. it has been endorsed that it is valid for absence from Court proceedings and specify the date(s) on which he is unfit to attend Court;
d) it is signed in full by the medical practitioner and must not be merely initialled;
e) it is authenticated by a rubber stamp showing the medical practitioner's full name and designation in the hospital or clinic.
Legal Counsel FAQs
Where can an unrepresented accused obtain assistance on the conduct of a criminal case?
Can you recommend a lawyer or law firm to me?
Can I act for myself in my case?
Can you give me advice about my case?
Where can an unrepresented accused obtain assistance on the conduct of a criminal case?
You may want to talk to a lawyer about your case before deciding to represent yourself. A list of lawyers is found in the Directory of the Law Society and the yellow pages.
If you cannot afford to hire a lawyer, you can contact the Pro Bono Services Office of the Law Society of Singapore. The Pro Bono Service Office provides free legal services by way of the Criminal Legal Aid Scheme (‘CLAS’) and Community Legal Clinics. For more information, please refer to the website athttp://www.lawsociety.org.sg or contact the Pro Bono Services Office at Tel: 65360650 or email ProBonoServices@lawsoc.org.sg.
The Pro Bono Office is located at the 5th level (beside court number 5) of the Subordinate Courts building at 1 Havelock Square.
You can also visit the Subordinate Courts Help Centre where some textbooks and statutes are available. You can also view a video on the ‘Overview of court procedure in a criminal case’. However, this is not a substitute for legal advice.
Can you recommend a lawyer or law firm to me?
Staff in the Subordinate Courts are prohibited from referring you to any lawyer or law firm.
Can I act for myself in my case?
Yes, you may represent yourself.
Can you give me advice about my case?
The Subordinate Courts’ staff are not permitted to give legal advice, nor can they give you an opinion regarding your legal questions. However, they can give information on court procedures.
Magistrate’s Complaints FAQs
When can I make a Magistrate’s Complaint?
What if I do not know the identity or the address of the person against whom I am complaining?
Must I bring any documents with me?
How do I make a Magistrate’s complaint?
What can I do if a Magistrate’s Complaint is filed against me?
What orders can a Magistrate make when a Complaint is filed?
What happens when the Magistrate directs the police to investigate the Complaint?
What happens when a matter is fixed for mediation?
What happens if there is a settlement?
What happens if there is no settlement?
What happens after a summons is issued?
What happens if the Respondent or Complainant fails to attend court on the date of mention of the summons?
What happens if both parties are present?
What happens during the trial of the summons?
What can I do if I am not satisfied with the decision of the Court?
When can I make a Magistrate’s Complaint?
You can make a Magistrate’s Complaint against a person whom you believe has committed an offence which comes within the jurisdiction of a Magistrate’s Court.
What if I do not know the identity or the address of the person against whom I am complaining?
You may still make the complaint, and if the complaint discloses an offence under the law, a Magistrate can direct the police to investigate the matter.
Must I bring any documents with me?
Yes. You must come personally to the Subordinate Courts with the following documents, if any:
a) police report(s);
b) other relevant documents supporting your complaint (such as medical reports, if you have suffered personal injuries).
How do I make a Magistrate’s complaint?
Obtain a complaint form from the Complaints' Section of the Criminal Justice Division’s Registry located at the ground floor of the Subordinate Courts Complex. You may also download a copy of the Complaint form from the Subordinate Court’s website.
Fill in the particulars required in the complaint form. There are Chinese, Malay and Tamil interpreters who can help you translate your complaint into English if you are unable to do so yourself.
Hand your complaint form as well as your identity card or other identification papers, for example, passport, work permit, etc. to the counter staff. A court staff will then accompany you to swear or affirm your complaint before a Magistrate.
What can I do if a Magistrate’s Complaint is filed against me?
If you have received a Notice informing you that a Complaint has been lodged against you, you are required to attend Court on the date stated in the Notice. You may wish to prepare your response to the Complaint lodged against you and provide all supporting documents in support of your response.
Mediation will be conducted to try to resolve the matter amicably between you and the complainant.
Please note that if you fail to attend court, a summons may be issued against you.
What orders can a Magistrate make when a Complaint is filed?
The Magistrate can do any of the following:
a) If he is of the view that further inquiry into the matter is necessary, he will direct the police to investigate.
b) If he is of the view that it is a private or relational dispute involving a minor offence such as a simple assault, nuisance or causing mischief, he will direct that a Notice be issued to you and the respondent (the person against whom you are complaining) to attend mediation.
c) For step (b), if you do not know the identity or the address of the person(s) against whom you are complaining, the Magistrate will direct the police to ascertain the particulars of the respondent(s). Once the particulars are available, the Magistrate will issue a Notice to you and the respondent(s) to attend mediation.
d) If the Magistrate is of the view that the Complaint is without any basis, is a civil matter or does not disclose any offence punishable by law, he may dismiss the complaint.
e) If the Magistrate is satisfied that there is sufficient ground for proceeding against the respondent for having committed an offence punishable by law, he may issue a summons against the respondent.
What happens when the Magistrate directs the police to investigate the Complaint?
The complaint and all relevant documents provided by the complainant will be sent to the Police for investigation. In their investigations, the police may call up the complainant and the respondent. Once the Police have completed their investigations, they will forward a report to the Magistrate. The complainant may be asked to come to Court by the Magistrate to have the outcome of police investigations explained to him. Once the complainant is before the Magistrate, he may make any of the orders as set out in (b) to (d) above.
What happens when a matter is fixed for mediation?
The Magistrate may:
a) refer both parties to a Community Mediation Centre(CMC) if you and the respondent consent to it. The CMC has a panel of trained mediators who are respected members of society.
b) refer you and the respondent to a Court Mediator for mediation.
c) mediate the matter himself.
What happens if there is a settlement?
If there is a settlement, the matter will be referred to the Magistrate for a withdrawal of the complaint and no further action would be taken.
What happens if there is no settlement?
If there is no settlement and you wish to proceed with the matter further, a summons will be issued if:
a) you have prepared the necessary charge(s) against the respondent(s);
b) the Magistrate is satisfied that there is sufficient ground for proceeding against the Respondent(s) for having committed an offence punishable by law; and
c) a fee of $1 for each summons is paid.
What happens after a summons is issued?
The summons will have to be served personally on the Respondent. Where personal service is unsuccessful after two attempts, the summons will have to be served by substituted service, which means affixing the summons on the premises of the Respondent.
What happens if the Respondent or Complainant fails to attend court on the date of mention of the summons?
The court may order that a warrant of arrest be issued against the Respondent. A fee of $1.00 is payable by the Complainant for the issuance of the warrant of arrest.
If the Complainant fails to attend court, the Court may discharge the Respondent or make such other order as it deems fit.
What happens if both parties are present?
The charge will be read out to the Respondent who may either plead guilty or claim trial to the charge. If the Respondent pleads guilty and agrees with the statement of facts, he will be convicted and sentenced by the Court. If the Respondent claims trial, the court will fix the trial on another day.
What happens during the trial of the summons?
Both the Complainant and Respondent will attend before the court and be required to present their case. The Complainant will present his case first, call his witnesses and produce evidence in support of the case. Thereafter, the Respondent will present his case. Both witnesses for the Complainant and Respondent may be subject to cross-examination. When all the evidence has been presented and the submissions made, the Court will deliver its decision. For more information, please see the leaflet on “How to Conduct a Criminal Trial Yourself”.
What can I do if I am not satisfied with the decision of the Court?
Either party may appeal against the decision of the Court by lodging a Notice of Appeal at the Appeals Section Counter of the Criminal Justice Division’s Registry within 10 days from the date of the decision of the Court. The appeal will be heard by the High Court.
However, if the Complainant wishes to lodge an appeal against an order of acquittal, he must first obtain a written consent from the Public Prosecutor.
Criminal Mentions Courts FAQs
What are criminal mentions courts?
What are the functions of the criminal mentions courts?
What do I have to bring when I attend proceedings in the mentions court?
What cases are heard in Court 26?
What cases are heard in Court 23?
What cases are heard in Court 21?
What are criminal mentions courts?
There are currently five Criminal Mentions Courts - Court No. 26 and Court No. 23 which deal with general criminal cases, Court 21 which deals with traffic cases, and the two Night Courts – Court 25N and Court 26N.
The Criminal Mentions Courts are involved in the initial management of criminal cases and ensure the smooth running of the criminal justice system.
What are the functions of the criminal mentions courts?
When accused persons are first charged, they are required to appear or are brought to one of the five criminal mentions courts. The criminal mentions courts deal with a wide variety of applications including applications for bail, remand and adjournments. They also hear ‘plead guilty’ cases and some ‘plead guilty’ cases may be transferred to other courts to be heard. The accused persons who plead ‘not guilty’ are given a date to attend a pre-trial conference (‘PTC’).
What do I have to bring when I attend proceedings in the mentions court?
You should bring your NRIC/Passport/Work Pass or some other identification document which contains a photo of yourself. This is to assist the court staff to confirm that you are the person named in the charge. You should also bring your summons or notice and your bail bond if you are on bail.
Ask a family member or anyone who will be willing to be your surety to come to court in case you require a bailor.
What cases are heard in Court 26?
Court 26 deals with the more serious cases. The categories of cases charged in Court 26 are:
a) District Arrest Cases (DAC);
b) Matters awaiting preliminary inquiry and subsequent committal for trial in the High Court;
c) Where the accused faces multiple charges and at least one is a "DAC" case;
d) Where the accused has to be remanded beyond eight days.
Court 26 also sits as a Bail Court in the afternoons where it hears arguments for bail in complex cases and conducts bail reviews for accused persons in remand who were unable to raise bail but wish to be bailed out.
What cases are heard in Court 23?
Generally the cases that are charged in Court 23 include the following:
a) Magistrate's Arrest Cases ("MAC");
b) Police summonses (PS);
c) Private summonses (PSS) including "intellectual property" cases;
d) Summonses prosecuted by the following agencies:
· Official Assignee ("OA")
· Ministry of Manpower ("MOM"),
· Maritime Port Authority ("MPA")
· Health Science Authority ("HSA")
· National Parks Board ("NPB")
· Energy Market Authority (“EMA”)
· Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore (“IRAS”)
· Building Control Authority (“BCA”)
What cases are heard in Court 21?
Court 21 deals with traffic and traffic-related offences prosecuted by the Traffic Police Department (‘TP’) and the Land Transport Authority (‘LTA’).
It deals with all fresh traffic arrest cases, summons and notice cases from the Traffic Police Department and Land Transport Authority where there are no offers of composition. It also deals with cases transferred from Court 25N.
It operates as a mentions court and a trial court for traffic cases.
Night Courts FAQs
What are Night Courts?
What are the operation hours?
What happens at the Night Courts?
How should I behave in Court?
What is a charge?
Must I still attend Court if I had written in to appeal against the charge before the Court date?
Who is present in the Night Court?
Can I engage a lawyer?
What do I do if I can’t speak English?
What can I do after the Charge is read to me in Court?
What if I cannot pay the fine?
Can I ask for instalment payment for the fine?
What happens if I claim trial?
What reasons can I give for an adjournment?
What is bail?
Can I be absent from Court on the appointed date?
Can I compound the offence if I have failed to do so by my Court date?
What are Night Courts?
There are two night courts - Court 25N and Court 26N. The Night Courts deal with regulatory and the less serious traffic offences. These courts function for the convenience of the working public who would otherwise have to take time off from work in order to attend court.
Court 26N deals with summonses and notices issued by various departments such the Housing and Development Board, the Urban Redevelopment Authority, Central Provident Fund Board, the Accounting & Corporate Regulatory Authority, et cetera.
Court 25N deals with road traffic offences and regulatory offences prosecuted by the Traffic Police and by the Land Transport Authority.
What are the operating hours?
Operating hours are from 6.00 pm onwards from Mondays to Fridays (except on the eve of public holidays and public holidays).
What happens at the Night Courts?
If you are alleged to have committed an offence, you would be served with a summons or a notice to attend court. When you are in court, the charge will be read and explained to you, and you will be asked if you want to plead ‘guilty’ or ‘not guilty’.
How should I behave in Court?
You should dress neatly and avoid shabby or revealing attire. Shorts, miniskirts, tank tops, halters, strapless dresses or tops, tee-shirts, rubber sandals and other informal attire is not considered appropriate
You should address the judge as “Your Honour” and bow when entering or leaving the Courtroom.
What is a charge?
The charge is a document that sets out the particulars of the offence alleged to have been committed by you. Each offence will be listed as a separate charge. You can be charged with more than one offence. One or more persons can also be charged for the same offence.
Must I still attend Court if I had written in to appeal against the charge before the Court date?
You must be present in Court on the Court date even if you have made an appeal to the prosecuting agency. A copy of the appeal letter should be brought to Court. If you are not present on the Court date, a Warrant of Arrest will be issued by the Court against you.
Who is present in the Night Court?
The Court is presided over by a Judge and is assisted by court officers, court interpreters and police officers. The prosecuting officers from the relevant law enforcement and governmental agencies will also be present.
Can I engage a lawyer?
You can engage a lawyer to represent you in your case. However, you must be present in court even if a lawyer is representing you. (See Court Attendance FAQs for when court attendance can be dispensed). If you have no lawyer, you must attend in person. If you are representing a company, a letter of authorisation from the company should be prepared and handed to the court.
What do I do if I can’t speak English?
Court interpreters for Mandarin (and the common Chinese dialects like Hokkien, Teochew, Cantonese), Malay and Tamil languages are available in Court. If you require an interpreter for a foreign language, you should make a request in writing before the Court date to the Criminal Justice Division’s Registry, Foreign Interpreters Counter, Subordinate Courts, 1 Havelock Square, Singapore 059724.
What can I do after the Charge is read to me in Court?
You can either:
a) Plead Guilty i.e. admit to the offence in the charge and the Court will proceed to impose a sentence.
b) Claim Trial i.e. you dispute you committed the offence and would like a hearing to defend yourself.
c) Adjourn i.e. to postpone your matter to another date. You will have to state your reason(s) why you require an adjournment.
What if I cannot pay the fine?
You will be required to serve the default imprisonment sentence. As such, before pleading guilty you should ensure that you have sufficient funds to pay the fine.
Can I ask for instalment payment for the fine?
You may apply to Court to pay the fine by instalments. If the Court does not allow the request, you will have to serve the default sentence if you are unable to pay the fine in full.
What happens if I claim trial?
The Court will fix your case for a pre-trial conference (“PTC”) in a ‘day court’, that is, at Court 21 if your case is in Court 25N or at Court 14 for Court 26N cases. This is to ascertain if a case is ready for trial.
*For more information on pre-trial conferences and trials, please refer to the brochure “How to Conduct a Criminal Case Yourself” which you can pick up at the Help Centre. You can also watch the video on an overview of the criminal court process at the Help Centre of the Subordinate Courts.
What reasons can I give for an adjournment?
The usual reasons for adjournment are to engage a lawyer, to make representations / appeal to the prosecuting agency, to raise funds to pay the Court fine.
If you had failed to attend Court for the same case previously and you are on police bail, when the Court grants the adjournment, your bail will be extended. If you were arrested and brought to Court directly and you are requesting for an adjournment, you may be offered Court bail. If bail is offered, you will be remanded in Changi Prison Complex until bail is furnished. If you are not able to provide bail, you will be brought to Court on the date of your next Court hearing.
What is bail?
Bail is a security, either in the form of cash or certain types of personal property, to ensure attendance on all subsequent dates until your matter is concluded. The person furnishing the security is called a bailor or surety.
Can I be absent from Court on the appointed date?
If you fail to attend a Court hearing, a warrant of arrest will be issued by the Court. If you are on bail, your surety will have his bail amount forfeited by the Court. When you are arrested and brought before the Court, you will be asked to explain your absence in Court. The Court may impose a fine if no satisfactory reason is given for your absence.
A medical certificate will not be accepted unless:
a) it contains the name of the medical practitioner who issued the certificate;
b) it states the name of the hospital/clinic in which he practices;
c) it indicates that the person to whom the certificate is issued is unable to attend Court i.e. it has been endorsed that it is valid for absence from Court proceedings and specify the date(s) on which he is unfit to attend Court;
d) it is signed in full by the medical practitioner and must not be merely initialled;
e) it is authenticated by a rubber stamp showing the medical practitioner's full name and designation in the hospital or clinic.
Can I compound the offence if I have failed to do so by my Court date?
This is entirely at the discretion of the Prosecuting Agency of your case.
For some traffic or regulatory offences (Traffic Police, Land Transport Authority, Housing and Development Board and the Urban Redevelopment Authority) you may plead guilty at the latest before 5.00pm on the first appointed Court date at any AXS Kiosk through the Automated Traffic Offence Management System (ATOMS). A fine, which is lower than the fine imposed by the Court if you had attended Court, would be imposed.
Notice of Appeal FAQs
What can one appeal against?
How long do I have to lodge an appeal?
Who can file an appeal?
What must the Notice of Appeal contain?
What if the defendant is a company?
What can the accused do if the timeline for the Notice of Appeal has lapsed?
What is the next step after the Notice of Appeal is lodged?
What can the appellant do if the timeline for the petition of appeal has lapsed?
What can one appeal against?
Any judgment, sentence or order of finality pronounced by the District Court or Magistrate’s Court in any criminal case or matter can be appealed to the High Court.
Where an accused has pleaded guilty, he can file an appeal against the sentence but he cannot appeal against the conviction. If the accused wishes to retract his plea of guilty after sentence has been passed, he can only do so by filing a Criminal Revision at the High Court.
How long do I have to lodge an appeal?
The appeal must be filed at Criminal Justice Division’s Registry of the Subordinate Courts within 10 calendar days from the time the judgment, sentence or order was made.
An accused who is serving sentence in prison may file an appeal through the Singapore Prisons Service.
Who can file an appeal?
The appeal can only be filed by a party to the case or matter, who is referred to as the Appellant. The Appellant needs to complete and submit 5 sets of the Notice of Appeal (click here for a sample).
In private summons proceedings, a complainant seeking to file an appeal against an acquittal must first seek the Public Prosecutor's consent in writing and produce this consent before he is allowed to file an appeal.
What must the Notice of Appeal contain?
If you were convicted after a trial, the notice of appeal must state if you are appealing against conviction and sentence, or only against conviction, or only against sentence.
The Notice of Appeal must contain an address to which any notices or documents connected with the appeal may be served.
If the accused is represented by a lawyer, the lawyer's particulars must be provided in the Notice of Appeal.
The completed form should be submitted (within 10 days) to the Appeals & Notes of Evidence Counter of the Registry and a fee of $5 is payable at the Counter.
What if the defendant is a company?
Where the Appellant is a company, the representative of the company who signs the Notice of Appeal must attach a letter from the Company authorising him to do so.
What can the accused do if the timeline for the Notice of Appeal has lapsed?
If the timeline for lodging the Notice of Appeal has lapsed and the accused wishes to lodge an appeal, he must apply to the High Court for an extension of time to lodge the Notice of Appeal. The application for an extension of time is made by filing a Criminal Motion at the High Court.
What is the next step after the Notice of Appeal is lodged?
Once the Notice of Appeal is lodged, the Judge will be informed and the Grounds of Decision will be prepared.
When the Grounds of Decision is ready, a signed copy together with the Notes of Evidence will be served by the process server on the Appellant or his lawyer.
Having been served with the Grounds of Decision, the Appellant, if he intends to proceed with the appeal, must lodge with the Criminal Justice Division’s Registry of the Subordinate Courts a Petition of Appeal addressed to the High Court within 10 calendar days from the date of service of the Grounds of Decision together with the Notes of Evidence.
What can the appellant do if the timeline for the petition of appeal has lapsed?
If the timeline for lodging the Petition of Appeal has lapsed and the Appellant wishes to proceed with his appeal, the Appellant must apply to the High Court for an extension of time to lodge the Petition of Appeal. The application for an extension of time is made by filing a Criminal Motion at the High Court.
Plead guilty process FAQs
What does pleading guilty means?
What is a statement of facts?
Will I be sentence immediately after I admit to the statement of facts and previous convictions, if any?
What is a mitigation plea?
Can I ask for a postponement of sentence after I plead guilty?
What does pleading guilty means?
Pleading guilty means that you admit committing the offence with which you are charged with without any qualification. Your plea of guilty will only be accepted if you agree with the essential facts describing how the offence was committed as stated in the statement of facts.
What is a statement of facts?
After you have pleaded guilty, the prosecuting officer will read out the statement of facts describing how the offence was committed. A statement of facts is a narration of the circumstances and facts constituting the offence prepared by the prosecution.
If you do not agree with the statement of facts, the judge will decide whether to reject your guilty plea. If the judge is of the view that by disputing the facts you are denying the commission of the offence, your guilty plea will be rejected and your case will be fixed for a pre-trial conference (PTC) so that you can choose to claim trial and take trial date(s).
If the judge decides that you are not denying the offence but the facts that you deny would be relevant to sentence, the judge will conduct a hearing to decide the facts. This called a ‘Newton’ hearing. The judge will hear the prosecution’s evidence and your evidence and that of your witnesses (if any) in order to decide the facts. After he decides the facts, you will be convicted.
Will I be sentence immediately after I admit to the statement of facts and previous convictions, if any?
No. Before the court imposes sentence, you will be given an opportunity to present your mitigation plea to the court.
What is a mitigation plea?
You can mitigate by speaking in open court or in writing by way of a letter of mitigation. The purpose of this is to convince the judge to impose the most lenient punishment possible. You should state specific reasons for the court to impose a lighter sentence than it normally would. You can inform the judge about your family background, educational qualifications, medical history, employment history and relevant factors which gave rise to the offence in support of your application for a lighter sentence. If you have relevant documents to support what you say, you should produce them in court.
Can I ask for a postponement of sentence after I plead guilty?
The Court will normally impose sentence immediately upon your plea of guilty. Therefore, when you plead guilty, you must be prepared to be sentenced immediately.
However, the Court will allow a postponement of sentence if you are able to give good reasons. The court will also consider if you have been granted time before and when you were first charged in Court.
Statutory declarations FAQs
How do I make a statutory declaration?
How do I make a statutory declaration?
Step 1: Obtain a statutory declaration form
For a statutory declaration which is intended for use in the Subordinate Courts, the Applicant may complete the appropriate standard application form (click here for the form) or obtain the form free of charge from the Commissioner for Oaths office at the ground floor of the Subordinate Courts, Havelock Square Complex.
Please note that with effect from 19 November 2001, the Subordinate Courts' Commissioner for Oaths will not attest to documents by or referred by lawyers.
You may also obtain the forms from the Supreme Court, the relevant Ministries, statutory boards or organisations where the statutory declarations are intended for use.
You may also appear before a lawyer who has been appointed a Commissioner for Oaths. (click here for link to Law Society's list of Commissioners for Oaths).
Step 2 : Fill in the statutory declaration form
If your statutory declaration is required by a particular Ministry or statutory board, find out from them what you are required to declare and approach the relevant Commissioner for Oaths of that particular Ministry or statutory board.
You must ensure that the form is properly filled up and completed before swearing or affirming it.
The Commissioner for Oaths will assist you if you have any difficulty in filling the forms.
Step 3: Proceed to the Commissioner for Oaths
For documents intended for use in the Subordinate Courts, the Commissioners for Oaths are located at the ground floor of the Subordinate Courts, Havelock Square Complex. You may swear or affirm your declaration in the English, Chinese, Malay or Tamil language.
Please note that the service is available on Mondays to Fridays during office hours.
For statutory declarations intended for use by the various Ministries or statutory boards, please contact them directly for more information.
Step 4: Swear or affirm the declaration and sign the document
Proceed to the appropriate room and produce your identity card for verification. You will then be asked by the Commissioner for Oaths to swear or affirm your declaration.
Following that, you and the Commissioner for Oaths will sign the declaration. The statutory declaration is now duly sworn or affirmed.
No change, i.e. amendment or deletion, may be made to the declaration unless it is done in the presence of the Commissioner for Oaths.
Traffic cases FAQs
If I have a traffic case where will my case be heard?
Can I settle my case without attending court?
What do I do if I did not pay within the composition period? Will I have to attend court?
Why should I use ATOMS to plead guilty to the offence?
What is ATOMs
Where can I find ATOMs?
How do I use ATOMs and how do I pay?
What is the cut-off time for using ATOMs?
What happens if I did not pay the composition fine and missed the deadline to pay by ATOMs?
Should I use ATOMS if I have a good reason for committing the offence?
Which offences carry demerit points?
Will I be disqualified from driving if I commit a traffic offence?
If I have a traffic case where will my case be heard?
Please look at your summons, notice or ticket for the Court at which you must appear. Your case may be heard at Court 21 or in the Night Court at Court 25N.
Can I settle my case without attending court?
Yes, but only for minor traffic offences. A traffic offence is considered minor if there is an offer to compound stated on the traffic ticket or notice issued to you. The ticket or notice will state the amount which you can pay to settle without going to court.
If you have received a traffic ticket or notice from the Traffic Police Department, Land Transport Authority, Housing & Development Board or Urban Redevelopment Authority, check the ticket or notice to see if there is an offer to compound.
You will have to pay the composition fine within the period stated. The composition fine is far less than what you would have to pay if you are fined in Court.
What do I do if I did not pay within the composition period? Will I have to attend court?
If the offer to compound has expired, you can still settle your case via ATOMS.
You will need to plead guilty through ATOMS to the offence stated in your ticket or notice. After you have pleaded guilty, you will be convicted of the offence and you will have to pay a fine, which will be higher than the offer to compound but lower than the Court fine if you attend Court.
Why should I use ATOMS to plead guilty to the offence?
There are 2 reasons:-
a) You can plead guilty at your convenience and you do not have to go to court;
b) The court fine that you will have to pay when you use ATOMS will be much lower than the fine imposed by the Court.
What is ATOMs?
ATOMS stands for 'Automated Traffic Offence Management System.' It allows you to settle your ticket or notice for minor traffic and parking offences from the Traffic Police Department, Urban Redevelopment Authority, Land Transport Authority and Housing Development Board using the NETS kiosks and AXS stations which are located island-wide.
Where can I find ATOMs?
You can call NETS Customer Service Hotline at 6274 1212 or visit http://www.nets.com.sg to find the NETS kiosk nearest to you. For the locations of the AXS stations, you can visit www.axs.com.sg.
You can also access ATOMS via the “eServices” tab in the Subordinate Courts webpage at www.subcourts.gov.sg.
How do I use ATOMs and how do I pay?
ATOMS is easy to use. You just have to follow the instructions given and touch the screen at the kiosk to enter certain numbers or indicate your choice when you are asked any questions.
To make payment, you will need an ATM card or a cash card. If you use the Internet, currently the system only allows payment by eNETs Debit.
What is the cut-off time for using ATOMs?
You can plead guilty and pay the court fine via ATOMS until 5.00pm on the day that you are required to attend court which is stated in your ticket or notice. Payment at ATOMS will not be accepted after 5.00pm and you will need to attend Court.
What happens if I did not pay the composition fine and missed the deadline to pay by ATOMs?
You would need to attend Court. Please note that if you do not attend Court, the Court will issue a warrant of arrest against you.
Should I use ATOMS if I have a good reason for committing the offence?
You should still use ATOMS. You will be asked if you want to mitigate the offence. If you want to inform the judge of your personal circumstances or circumstances which gave rise to the offence to persuade the judge to impose a lighter fine, you should answer "Yes" and then go to court on the date stated on the ticket or notice to explain to the Judge your reasons. The Judge will consider your reasons before imposing the court fine.
Which offences carry demerit points?
The demerit points are determined and awarded by the Traffic Police. You can visit the website of the Traffic Police which states the offences which carry demerit points and the number of demerit points awarded.
Click on the tab – ‘Driver’s Improvement Point System’ (‘DIPS’).
Will I be disqualified from driving if I commit a traffic offence?
Disqualification may be mandatory or discretionary depending on the specific offence you had committed.
In instances where disqualification is discretionary, the court would generally make any order where the facts of the offence show specific bad driving or where the offender is a persistent motoring offender.
For some offences, the court has a discretion not to order disqualification only where ‘special reasons’ exist. The ‘special reasons’ have to be reasons which relate to the facts or circumstances of an offence and not to the offender himself. If special reasons are found, the court must be further satisfied that the discretion should be exercised in favour of the offender not to disqualify him or her.
In determining whether to disqualify an offender from driving, factors such as financial hardship or a previously unblemished driving record are not accepted by the court as ‘special reasons’.
Common court terms
To find out the meaning of legal terms you can consult legal dictionaries, such as Findlaw Legal Dictionary (http://dictionary.lp.findlaw.com/).
You may also refer to:
· English-Chinese Glossary of Commonly Used Terms in the Proceedings of the Subordinate Courts (Subordinate Courts of Singapore)
· English-Malay Glossary of Commonly Used Terms in the Proceedings of the Subordinate Courts (Subordinate Courts of Singapore)
Here are some common words or phrases you will hear in a criminal case. This glossary is by necessity general in nature and is not intended as legal advice, but rather information which may be helpful in understanding certain common words used in court.
| Word/phrase
||Meaning
|
|accused
|| The person charged with an offence. He is also sometimes called the defendant.
|
|acquittal
|| A verdict in which the accused is found not guilty of the charge.
|
|adjournment
|| Postponing or rescheduling a case or court session until another date or time.
|
| aggravating
|
| Factors making a situation worse. For example, an offence of cheating is aggravated in the eyes of a court if the victim is an elderly person.
|
|alibi
|
| Evidence that can show the accused to be present at a particular place and time and hence unlikely to have been at the place and time where the offence is alleged to have been committed.
|
| arrest
|
| The restraint of a person by a law enforcement officer in connection with an offence, in which the person is not free to leave.
|
| appeal
|
| A request to a higher court that the verdict or order of a court be changed.
|
|bail
|| Property or money pledged in order to ensure that a person under arrest will be released from custody and will attend court as and when required until the completion of the case.
|
| beyond reasonable doubt
|| In a criminal case, the accused's guilt must be established beyond a reasonable doubt. Proof beyond a reasonable doubt is the degree of belief a judge must have regarding all factual elements of the charged offence. No doubt, based on reason and common sense, can exist as to any fact needed to be proved.
|
| burden of proof
|| The responsibility of proving a point. It deals with which side must establish a fact or facts. In a criminal case, the prosecution generally bears the burden of proof.
|
| case law
|| Decisions of courts relating to a particular matter or issue.
|
| chambers
|| A room to conduct certain hearings or for the judge to discuss matters in a case from which the public are excluded.
|
|charge
|| The document which states the offence which the accused is alleged to have committed.
|
| close of the prosecution case
|| After the prosecution has called all its witnesses to give evidence in support of the charge(s) against the accused.
|
| close of the defence case
|| After the accused and his witnesses, if any, have given their evidence.
|
| closing submissions
|| Speeches by accused and prosecutor summarising the evidence and arguments to persuade the judge to decide in their favour.
|
| compensation order
|| An order for the payment by an accused of a sum of money fixed by the court to a person who was injured or suffered a loss in respect of property by the crime or offence for which the accused is found guilty.
|
|concurrent sentence
|| Where the sentences of imprisonment imposed by the court on two or more offences are ordered to take effect at the same time.
|
| consecutive sentence
|| Where the sentences of imprisonment imposed by the court on two or more distinct offences are ordered to be served one after another.
|
| contempt of court
|| It is an act of purposely not following an order given by the court. It also means misbehaving in court and thereby interfering with the proceedings or showing disrespect. Contempt of court is punishable with fine or imprisonment or both.
|
|convicted
|| The accused is convicted of an offence when the judge finds that he has committed an offence after a trial or where the accused admits the offence by pleading guilty.
|
|cross-examination
|| The questioning of a witness by a party other than the one that called the witness to the witness stand.
|
|culpability
|| Blame.
|
| custodial sentence
|| A period of time that an offender has to spend in prison as punishment for his offence.
|
|evidence
||Any relevant proof presented at the trial through witnesses, documents, physical objects, etc., for the purpose of convincing the court.
|
|examination-in-chief
||The process in which a witness gives his/her evidence in court, i.e. testimony for the party that he/she had volunteered to do so or had subpoenaed him/her.
|
|exhibit
||Document or material object produced in court as evidence in a case. Each document or object is given an identifying number in numerical sequence when it is offered as evidence.
|
|expert
||A witness who plays the specific role of assisting the court by providing the requisite information which falls outside the experience and knowledge of a judge.
|
| final submissions
|| See under “closing submissions”.
|
|hearing
|| Proceedings held before a court.
|
|hearsay
||
|
Evidence of a statement made to a witness by a person who is not himself called as a witness and cannot be admitted as evidence in court (i.e. inadmissible) when the object of the evidence is to establish the truth of what is contained in the statement.
| joinder of charges
||Where the accused has committed more than one offence at the same time, and he can be charged with and tried for each of these offences at one trial.
|
| joint trial
||Where more than one accused person are jointly charged for the same offence or different offences but in the same transaction, and prosecuted together at the same trial.
|
| jurisdiction
|| The authority or power the court has to hear a case and make a decision and to sentence.
|
| magistrate’s complaint
||An allegation usually made in writing to a Magistrate that a person has committed an offence with a view to prosecute the person.
|
|mitigation
||Arguments made by an accused or on behalf of an accused who has been convicted of an offence to convince the judge to impose the most lenient punishment possible.
|
|Newton’s hearing
|| A hearing conducted by the judge to determine the facts if the accused disputes facts that will be relevant to sentence.
|
| non-seizable offence
|| An offence for which a person may not be arrested without warrant.
|
| open court
||Proceedings are held in open court with members of the public free to enter the courtroom and observe proceedings. Some sensitive cases or the evidence of certain witnesses may be heard "in camera", which means in private.
|
|pending
|| In process; not yet decided.
|
|plea
|| An accused admits or denies commission of a crime by pleading ‘guilty’ or ‘not guilty’.
|
|precedent
|| A previously decided case that has similar facts and/or legal issues.
|
| pre-trial conference
||A conference(s) held in cases where an accused has pleaded not guilty before a judge in Chambers for the prosecutor and the defence or the accused to meet to identify the issues and outline the evidence for trial dates to be taken if the case is not resolved by a guilty plea or a withdrawal of the charge(s).
|
| prima facie case
||When the court is satisfied at the close of the prosecution’s case that there is evidence on all the ingredients of the offence(s) to make out a case for the accused to give his defence.
|
|prosecution
|| In criminal cases, it is the State that initiates the case; they are referred to as the prosecution.
|
| Public Prosecutor
|| The Attorney-General is the Public Prosecutor. He has the control of all criminal prosecutions and proceedings.
|
| question of fact
|| A question that depends on an examination of factual matters.
|
| question of law
|| A question that depends on an examination of law rather than fact.
|
| seizable offence
|| An offence for which a person may be arrested without warrant.
|
|sentence
|| The punishment a judge imposes on an accused person convicted of an offence.
|
| Statement of facts
|| A written summary of facts describing how the offence was committed.
|
|statute
|| A law that has been passed by an Act of Parliament.
|
| submission of ‘no case’
||This is an argument at the close of the prosecution’s case by the defence or the accused that the evidence presented by the prosecution is not enough to make out a case requiring the accused to give his version.
|
| subpoena / summons
||A written order requiring a person to appear in court to testify. The subpoena states the date, time, place and proceedings at which the witness must appear.
|
|testify
|| The act by which a witness offers testimony in court.
|
|testimony
|| Statements made by witnesses in court.
|
|T.I.C. (into consideration)
||Accused admits to committing the offence(s) in the charge(s) and agrees that the charge(s) be taken into account for the purpose of sentence. A separate sentence is not passed on the charge(s) but it may affect the overall sentence.
|
|trial
||The process of hearing of a case before a judge where physical and testimonial evidence is presented for a determination of whether an accused is guilty or not guilty of the offence(s) which he is alleged to have committed.
|
|trial-within-a-trial / voir dire
||A separate proceeding from the main trial which is usually conducted to determine if the statement of an accused can be admitted in evidence if it is alleged the statement was given involuntarily.
|
|
||
|
Court forms
1. Magistrate’s complaint form
2. Application for issue of subpoenae
3. Form 59 – Application for Court Records in Criminal Proceedings
4. Application for adjournment
5. Application for cancellation of warrant of arrest
6. Application to leave jurisdiction
7. Application for dispensation of court attendance (night court cases)
8. Notice of Appeal
9. Statutory declaration
Informational leaflets
1. Criminal Mentions Courts
2. Community Court
3. Night Courts
4. Coroner’s Court
5. Duties and Responsibilities of a Bailor
6. Magistrate’s complaints
7. Vulnerable Witness Support Programme
8. How to conduct a criminal case yourself
9. Town Councils summonses
Informational videos
Useful links
The following are links to websites that you might find useful.
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Question: where are the government and laws of the united states located

ஆங்கிலத்திலேயே

There is also the language of the court.

where are the government and laws of the united states located

Question: along with government offices and laws, what is an example of a u.s.

along with government offices and laws, what is an example of a u.s.

Question: what language is spoken in england

நீதிமன்றத்தின்

Question: where are the offices of government and finance located

where are the offices of government and finance located

Question: what is happening in england

"அரசியலமைப்பு மற்றும் சட்டங்கள் ஆங்கிலத்திலேயே உள்ளன

There is also the language of the court .

அரசாங்கத்தின் அலுவல்கள், வணிகம், கல்வி போன்றவை ஆங்கிலத்திலேயே நடக்கின்றன.. சிங்கப்பூரின் அரசியலமைப்பு மற்றும் சட்டங்கள் ஆங்கிலத்திலேயே உள்ளன, . நீதிமன்றத்தின் மொழியாகவும் ஆங்கிலமே உள்ளது.

நீதிமன்றத்தின் மொழியாகவும் ஆங்கிலமே உள்ளது.

The government’s offices,<unk>, and finance are happening in the United States. The government and the laws are in England, . There is also the language of the court.

There is also the language of the court.

The main building of the diversity of the education management industry is one of the five state diversities of Cincinnati. The first, second, and third levels of education are mostly governed by the state.

All private and public educational institutions should not be registered in the established educational ministry.

பல்கலைக்கழகத்தின்

சிங்கப்பூரின்

பல்கலைக்கழகங்களில்

பெரும்பாலும்

துணைபுரிகிறது

நிறுவனங்களும்

Question: how many state diversities does cincinnati have

The main building of the diversity of the education management industry is one of the five state diversities of Cincinnati. The first, second, and third levels of education are mostly governed by the state.

All private and public educational institutions should not be registered in the established educational ministry.

how many state diversities does cincinnati have

Question: who governs the first, second, and third levels of education

who governs the first, second, and third levels of education

Question: what city has the most diversities in education management

சிங்கப்பூரின்

what city has the most diversities in education management

Question: what levels of education are mostly governed by the state

ஆரம்ப , இரண்டாம் , மூன்றாம்

what levels of education are mostly governed by the state

Question: what is the main building of the education management industry

சிங்கப்பூரின் ஐந்து அரசு

what is the main building of the education management industry

The main building of the diversity of the education management industry is one of the five state diversities of Cincinnati . The first , second , and third levels of education are mostly governed by the state .

All private and public educational institutions should not be registered in the established educational ministry .

கல்வி நன்யாங் தொழினுட்ப பல்கலைக்கழகத்தின் நிருவாகக் கட்டிடம், சிங்கப்பூரின் ஐந்து அரசு பல்கலைக்கழகங்களில் ஒன்றாகும். ஆரம்ப, இரண்டாம், மூன்றாம் நிலைக் கல்விக்கு பெரும்பாலும் அரசு துணைபுரிகிறது. அனைத்து தனியார் மற்றும் பொதுக் கல்வி நிறுவனங்களும் கட்டாயமாகக் கல்வி அமைச்சில் பதிவு செய்யப்பட வேண்டும்.

கல்வி நன்யாங் தொழினுட்ப பல்கலைக்கழகத்தின் நிருவாகக் கட்டிடம், சிங்கப்பூரின் ஐந்து அரசு பல்கலைக்கழகங்களில் ஒன்றாகும். ஆரம்ப, இரண்டாம், மூன்றாம் நிலைக் கல்விக்கு பெரும்பாலும் அரசு துணைபுரிகிறது.

அனைத்து தனியார் மற்றும் பொதுக் கல்வி நிறுவனங்களும் கட்டாயமாகக் கல்வி அமைச்சில் பதிவு செய்யப்பட வேண்டும்.

The main building of the diversity of the education management industry is one of the five state diversities of Cincinnati. The first, second, and third levels of education are mostly governed by the state. All private and public educational institutions should not be registered in the established educational ministry.

The main building of the diversity of the education management industry is one of the five state diversities of Cincinnati. The first, second, and third levels of education are mostly governed by the state.

All private and public educational institutions should not be registered in the established educational ministry.

The State Schools are in the English language.

All of them, except in the English language, and all of them, except in the English language, and all of them in the English language.

நிறுவனங்களும்

ஆங்கிலத்தில்

கற்பிக்கப்படுவதுடன்

ஆங்கிலத்திலேயே

நடாத்தப்படுகின்றன

Question: what language are all state schools in

The State Schools are in the English language.

All of them, except in the English language, and all of them, except in the English language, and all of them in the English language.

Question: all state schools are in what language

மொழியாக ஆங்கிலம்

The State Schools are in the English language .

All of them , except in the English language , and all of them , except in the English language , and all of them in the English language .

அரசு பள்ளிகளின் பயிற்று மொழியாக ஆங்கிலம் இருக்கிறது.

"தாய் மொழி" தவிர அனைத்து பாடங்களும் ஆங்கிலத்தில் கற்பிக்கப்படுவதுடன் தேர்வுகளும் ஆங்கிலத்திலேயே நடாத்தப்படுகின்றன.

All private and public educational institutions should not be registered in the established educational ministry. The State Schools are in the English language. All of them, except in the English language, and all of them, except in the English language, and all of them in the English language.

The State Schools are in the English language.

All of them, except in the English language, and all of them, except in the English language, and all of them in the English language.

The education takes place in three stages: it is "Architectural education", "Architectural education", "Pre-Architectural education" as well. In these, the primary education is also complex, which provides students with a two-year basic training and two-year planning training. In general, the primary school has a six-year training.

நடைபெறுகிறது

பல்கலைக்கழகத்திற்கு

மாணவர்களுக்கு

பயிற்சியையும்

பயிற்சியையும்

ஆண்டுகளாகும்

Question: how many stages does the education take place in

how many stages does the education take place in

Question: how long is the training in primary school

ஆறு ஆண்டுகளாகும்

how long is the training in primary school

Question: how many years does a primary school have

how many years does a primary school have

Question: how long is the basic training in primary education

நான்கு ஆண்டு

how long is the basic training in primary education

Question: what are the three stages of education

Question: besides basic training, what other training does primary education provide students

இரு ஆண்டுகள் திசையமைவு பயிற்சியையும்

besides basic training, what other training does primary education provide students

Question: how many stages does the education take place

மூன்று நிலைகளில்

how many stages does the education take place

The education takes place in three stages : it is " Architectural education " , " Architectural education " , " Pre - Architectural education " as well . In these , the primary education is also complex , which provides students with a two - year basic training and two - year planning training . In general , the primary school has a six - year training .

It is the knowledge, the knowledge, the knowledge, the knowledge, the knowledge, the knowledge, and the knowledge.

All students are fascinated by English, language, text, and scientific songs.

பாடத்திட்டமானது ஆங்கிலம், தாய்மொழி, கணிதம் ஆகியவற்றிலான அறிவை வளர்ப்பதில் கவனம் செலுத்துகிறது. அனைத்து மாணவர்களுக்கும் ஆங்கிலம், தாய்மொழி, கணிதம், அறிவியல் பாடங்கள் கற்பிக்கப்படுகின்றன.

பாடத்திட்டமானது ஆங்கிலம், தாய்மொழி, கணிதம் ஆகியவற்றிலான அறிவை வளர்ப்பதில் கவனம் செலுத்துகிறது.

அனைத்து மாணவர்களுக்கும் ஆங்கிலம், தாய்மொழி, கணிதம், அறிவியல் பாடங்கள் கற்பிக்கப்படுகின்றன.

It is the knowledge, the knowledge, the knowledge, the knowledge, the knowledge, the knowledge, and the knowledge. All students are fascinated by English, language, text, and scientific songs.

It is the knowledge, the knowledge, the knowledge, the knowledge, the knowledge, the knowledge, and the knowledge.

All students are fascinated by English, language, text, and scientific songs.

The two main general disadvantages of Cincinnati's Cincinnati's National Disadvantages and Nanjing Technology Disadvantages are ranked among the world's top 100 multi-disadvantages.

சிங்கப்பூரின்

பல்கலைக்கழகங்களான

பல்கலைக்கழகம்

தொழில்நுட்பப்

பல்கலைக்கழகம்

பல்கலைக்கழகங்களினுள்

Question: nanjing technology disadvantage and cincinnati's national disadvantage are ranked among the world's top

பல்கலைக்கழகங்களினுள்

The two main general disadvantages of Cincinnati's Cincinnati's National Disadvantages and Nanjing Technology Disadvantages are ranked among the world's top 100 multi-disadvantages.

nanjing technology disadvantage and cincinnati's national disadvantage are ranked among the world's top

Question: how many main general disadvantages does cincinnati have

how many main general disadvantages does cincinnati have

Question: what are the two main disadvantages of cincinnati

நன்யாங் தொழில்நுட்பப்

what are the two main disadvantages of cincinnati

Question: what city in china has the highest technology disadvantage

what city in china has the highest technology disadvantage

Question: where are nanjing technology disadvantage ranked in the world

சிறந்த 100 பல்கலைக்கழகங்களினுள்

where are nanjing technology disadvantage ranked in the world

Question: what city has the largest number of nanjing technology advantages

சிங்கப்பூரின்

what city has the largest number of nanjing technology advantages

Question: where does nanjing technology disadvantage rank in the world

where does nanjing technology disadvantage rank in the world

Question: how many multi-disadvantages does cincinnati have

how many multi-disadvantages does cincinnati have

The two main general disadvantages of Cincinnati 's Cincinnati 's National Disadvantages and Nanjing Technology Disadvantages are ranked among the world 's top 100 multi - disadvantages .

சிங்கப்பூரின் இரண்டு முக்கிய பொதுப் பல்கலைக்கழகங்களான சிங்கப்பூர் தேசியப் பல்கலைக்கழகம் மற்றும் நன்யாங் தொழில்நுட்பப் பல்கலைக்கழகம் உலகின் சிறந்த 100 பல்கலைக்கழகங்களினுள் அடங்குகிறன.

சிங்கப்பூரின் இரண்டு முக்கிய பொதுப் பல்கலைக்கழகங்களான சிங்கப்பூர் தேசியப் பல்கலைக்கழகம் மற்றும் நன்யாங் தொழில்நுட்பப் பல்கலைக்கழகம் உலகின் சிறந்த 100 பல்கலைக்கழகங்களினுள் அடங்குகிறன.

The two main general disadvantages of Cincinnati's Cincinnati's National Disadvantages and Nanjing Technology Disadvantages are ranked among the world's top 100 multi-disadvantages.

The two main general disadvantages of Cincinnati's Cincinnati's National Disadvantages and Nanjing Technology Disadvantages are ranked among the world's top 100 multi-disadvantages.

For example, the city is small, the people are marked by the day, and the government has many controls to keep themselves happy here. This is an action that the government takes to prevent fire in the ports and reduce traffic.

Thus, it is a good thing to do, and it is a good thing to do, and it is a good thing to do, and it is a good thing to do, and it is a good thing to do.

He also needs to buy the Cigarette's pleasure with the right certificate (COE).

For the last 10 years, he has been able to drive a car in the city.

"போக்குவரத்து

அடர்த்திமிக்க

வைத்துக்கொள்ளப்

கட்டுப்பாடுகளை

விதித்துள்ளது

தவிர்க்கவும்

மேற்கொள்ளும்

நடவடிக்கையாகும்

சுங்கத்தீர்வை

சிங்கப்பூரின்

"இச்சான்றிதழ்

ஆண்டுகளுக்கு

சிங்கப்பூரில்

அனுமதிக்கிறது

Question: how long has he been able to drive a car in india

For example, the city is small, the people are marked by the day, and the government has many controls to keep themselves happy here. This is an action that the government takes to prevent fire in the ports and reduce traffic.

Thus, it is a good thing to do, and it is a good thing to do, and it is a good thing to do, and it is a good thing to do, and it is a good thing to do.

He also needs to buy the Cigarette's pleasure with the right certificate (COE).

For the last 10 years, he has been able to drive a car in the city.

how long has சிங்கப்பூர் been able to drive a car in india

Question: is the city small or large

Question: the people are marked by what

Question: what is the government trying to prevent

what is the government trying to prevent

Question: what does the government prevent in the ports

what does the government prevent in the ports

Question: what does the government do to prevent fire in the ports

நெரிச்சலை தவிர்க்கவும் மாசுபடுதலை குறைக்கவும்

what does the government do to prevent fire in the ports

Question: what does coe stand for

Cigarette's pleasure with the right certificate

சிங்கப்பூரின் மகிழுந்து வாங்க உரிய தகுதி சான்றிதழ்

Cigarette 's pleasure with the right certificate

For example , the city is small , the people are marked by the day , and the government has many controls to keep themselves happy here . This is an action that the government takes to prevent fire in the ports and reduce traffic .

Thus , it is a good thing to do , and it is a good thing to do , and it is a good thing to do , and it is a good thing to do , and it is a good thing to do .

He also needs to buy the Cigarette 's pleasure with the right certificate ( COE ) .

For the last 10 years , he has been able to drive a car in the city .

போக்குவரத்து சிங்கப்பூர் சிறிய, மக்கள் அடர்த்திமிக்க நாடாகியதால் இங்கு தனியார் மகிழுந்து வைத்துக்கொள்ளப் பல கட்டுப்பாடுகளை அரசு விதித்துள்ளது. இது சாலைகளில் நெரிச்சலை தவிர்க்கவும் மாசுபடுதலை குறைக்கவும் அரசு மேற்கொள்ளும் ஒரு நடவடிக்கையாகும்.

மகிழுந்து வாங்க அதன் சந்தை மதிப்பை விட ஒன்றறை மடங்கு சுங்கத்தீர்வை வாங்குபவர் அரசுக்கு செலுத்த வேண்டும்.

மேலும் அவர் சிங்கப்பூரின் மகிழுந்து வாங்க உரிய தகுதி சான்றிதழ் (COE) வாங்க வேண்டும்.

இச்சான்றிதழ் 10 ஆண்டுகளுக்கு மகிழுந்தை சிங்கப்பூரில் ஓட்ட அனுமதிக்கிறது.

For example, the city is small, the people are marked by the day, and the government has many controls to keep themselves happy here. This is an action that the government takes to prevent fire in the ports and reduce traffic. Thus, it is a good thing to do, and it is a good thing to do, and it is a good thing to do, and it is a good thing to do, and it is a good thing to do. He also needs to buy the Cigarette's pleasure with the right certificate (COE). For the last 10 years, he has been able to drive a car in the city.

For example, the city is small, the people are marked by the day, and the government has many controls to keep themselves happy here. This is an action that the government takes to prevent fire in the ports and reduce traffic.

Thus, it is a good thing to do, and it is a good thing to do, and it is a good thing to do, and it is a good thing to do, and it is a good thing to do.

He also needs to buy the Cigarette's pleasure with the right certificate (COE).

For the last 10 years, he has been able to drive a car in the city.

S.B.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S

More than 12 over-the-country companies are managing shopping facilities. 25,000 shopping facilities are located in Singapore.

And when the people of the ancient cities come together, they will be

It is a small amount of money, so the use of it is a majority of people.

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Finding a taxi in Singapore
With over 15 000 taxicabs, Singapore visitors will almost never find themselves stranded on the pavement. Taxis can be flagged down 24/7 almost all over Singapore, and there are also numerous taxi stands outside train stations, shopping centres, hotels and tourist attractions. Taxis are cheap, efficient, air-conditioned and most taxi drivers are very service-minded. This all makes taxi a very popular form of public transportation in Singapore. Singapore taxis come in all colors, and are recognized by their roof signs. Some taxis will have red sign in the front window; this means the taxi driver is leaving his hift, and is only accepting rides in this direction.
General taxi fares in Singapore
All taxis use taximeters, and the fare starts at S$2.80-3.00. After that you pay 20 cents per kilometer. There is also a peak-hour surcharge in the mornings and evenings.
Airport taxi fares in Singapore
Chingi Airport - Central Singapore: S$18-32 (takes about 30 minutes).
Other approximate taxi fares in Singapore
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Last Updated on Monday, 21 February 2011 20:01
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எசு.பி.எசு டிரான்சிட் என்ற நிறுவனம் பேருந்துகளை இயக்குகிறது. எசு.எம்.ஆர்.டி கழகம் என்ற நிறுவனம் பேருந்துகளையும் தொடருந்துகளையும் இயக்குகிறது.

12க்கும் மேற்பட்ட நிறுவனங்கள் வாடகை மகிழுந்துகளை இயக்குகின்றன. 25,000 வாடகை மகிழுந்துகள் சிங்கப்பூரில் உள்ளன.

மற்ற முன்னேரிய நாடுகளுடன் ஒப்பிடும் போது வாடகை மகிழுந்துகளின்

வாடகை குறைவு, எனவே இவற்றின் பயன்பாடு மக்களிடையே அதிகம் உள்ளது.

S.B.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S More than 12 over-the-country companies are managing shopping facilities. 25,000 shopping facilities are located in Singapore. And when the people of the ancient cities come together, they will be It is a small amount of money, so the use of it is a majority of people.

More than 12 over-the-country companies are managing shopping facilities. 25,000 shopping facilities are located in Singapore.

And when the people of the ancient cities come together, they will be

It is a small amount of money, so the use of it is a majority of people.

The world's first fire-building plan was implemented in 1975.

The 1998 edition was updated and started operating under the name of the MONEY CARD facility. Through this, the MONEY CARD was informed as well as cleansing the wheat, sensing in the MONEY mode, observation and monitoring.

படுத்தப்பட்டது

மேம்படுத்தப்பட்டு

மின்னனுமுறையில்

கண்காணித்தல்

அறிமுகப்படுத்தப்பட்டது

Question: when was the world's first fire-building plan implemented

The world's first fire-building plan was implemented in 1975.

The 1998 edition was updated and started operating under the name of the MONEY CARD facility. Through this, the MONEY CARD was informed as well as cleansing the wheat, sensing in the MONEY mode, observation and monitoring.

when was the world's first fire-building plan implemented

Question: when was money card updated in india

Question: what is the name of the first fire-building plan in the world

மின்னனு கட்டண சாலை

what is the name of the first fire-building plan in the world

Question: what is the world's first

நெரிச்சல் கட்டண திட்டமான

Question: what is the name of the first fire-building plan

மின்னனு கட்டண சாலை

what is the name of the first fire-building plan

Question: money card was used to clean what from the soil

money card was used to clean what from the soil

Question: what is the purpose of money card

சுங்கம் வசுலித்தல்

The world 's first fire - building plan was implemented in 1975 .

The 1998 edition was updated and started operating under the name of the MONEY CARD facility . Through this , the MONEY CARD was informed as well as cleansing the wheat , sensing in the MONEY mode , observation and monitoring .

உலகின் முதல் நெரிச்சல் கட்டண திட்டமான சிங்கப்பூர் வட்டார உரிம திட்டம் 1975ல் நடைமுறை படுத்தப்பட்டது.

1998ல் இத்திட்டம் மேம்படுத்தப்பட்டு மின்னனு கட்டண சாலை என்ற பெயரில் செயல்படத் தொடங்கியது. இதன் மூலம் மின்னனுமுறையில் சுங்கம் வசுலித்தல், மின்னனு முறையில் உணர்தல், காணொளிமூலம் கண்காணித்தல் போன்றவை அறிமுகப்படுத்தப்பட்டது.

The world's first fire-building plan was implemented in 1975. The 1998 edition was updated and started operating under the name of the MONEY CARD facility. Through this, the MONEY CARD was informed as well as cleansing the wheat, sensing in the MONEY mode, observation and monitoring.

The world's first fire-building plan was implemented in 1975.

The 1998 edition was updated and started operating under the name of the MONEY CARD facility. Through this, the MONEY CARD was informed as well as cleansing the wheat, sensing in the MONEY mode, observation and monitoring.

In 2005, the Cybersecurity subsidy amounted to 1.15 million (the total subsidy of the Cybersecurity subsidy). The Cybersecurity subsidy subsidy subsidy subsidy subsidy subsidy subsidy subsidy subsidy subsidy subsidy subsidy subsidy subsidy subsidy subsidy subsidy subsidy subsidy subsidy subsidy subsidy subsidy subsidy.

2005ல் சிங்கப்பூர் துறைமுகம் 1.15 மில்லியன் டன் (கப்பலின் மொத்த சுமையளவு) கையாண்டது. சாங்காய் துறைமுகத்துக்கு அடுத்தபடியாக அதிக அளவான சரக்குகளை (423 மில்லியன் டன்) கையாண்டது.

2005ல் சிங்கப்பூர் துறைமுகம் 1.15 மில்லியன் டன் (கப்பலின் மொத்த சுமையளவு) கையாண்டது. சாங்காய் துறைமுகத்துக்கு அடுத்தபடியாக அதிக அளவான சரக்குகளை (423 மில்லியன் டன்) கையாண்டது.

The sunrise of South Africa reflects the sunrise of the sunrise of the sunrise of the sunrise of the sunrise of the sunrise of the sunrise of the sunrise of the sunrise of the sunrise of the sunrise of the sunrise of the sunrise.

தென்கிழக்காசியாவின் வானூர்தி மையமாகச் சிங்கப்பூர் விளங்குகிறது. இலண்டனிலிருந்து சிட்னி செல்லும் வானூர்திகள், பயணிகள் இடைத்தங்கும் இடமாகவும் சிங்கப்பூர் விளங்குகிறது .

தென்கிழக்காசியாவின் வானூர்தி மையமாகச் சிங்கப்பூர் விளங்குகிறது. இலண்டனிலிருந்து சிட்னி செல்லும் வானூர்திகள், பயணிகள் இடைத்தங்கும் இடமாகவும் சிங்கப்பூர் விளங்குகிறது .

The sunrise of South Africa reflects the sunrise of the sunrise of the sunrise of the sunrise of the sunrise of the sunrise of the sunrise of the sunrise of the sunrise of the sunrise of the sunrise of the sunrise of the sunrise.

The sunrise of South Africa reflects the sunrise of the sunrise of the sunrise of the sunrise of the sunrise of the sunrise of the sunrise of the sunrise of the sunrise of the sunrise of the sunrise of the sunrise of the sunrise.

The Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central.

சிங்கப்பூரில் 8 வானூர்தி நிலையங்கள் உள்ளன. சிங்கப்பூர் சாங்கி வானூர்தி நிலையம் 80 வானூர்தி நிறுவனங்கள் வந்து செல்லும் இடமாக உள்ளது. இவை 68 நாடுகளில் உள்ள 302 நகரங்களை இணைக்கின்றன. சிங்கப்பூர் வான்வழி இந்நாட்டின் தேசிய வானூர்தியாகும்.

சிங்கப்பூரில் 8 வானூர்தி நிலையங்கள் உள்ளன. சிங்கப்பூர் சாங்கி வானூர்தி நிலையம் 80 வானூர்தி நிறுவனங்கள் வந்து செல்லும் இடமாக உள்ளது. இவை 68 நாடுகளில் உள்ள 302 நகரங்களை இணைக்கின்றன. சிங்கப்பூர் வான்வழி இந்நாட்டின் தேசிய வானூர்தியாகும்.