Alice Kinloch
uAlice Kinloch litshantliziyo lamalungelo oluntu laseMzantsi Afrika, isithethi sikawonke-wonke, kunye nombhali owaseka iAfrican Association eLondon ngo-1897, waza waququzelela iNkomfa yePan-African ngo-1990.    

 Iziganeko zoBomi 
U-Alice Victoria Alexander Kinloch wazalelwa eKapa, eMzantsi Afrika ngo-1863. Usapho lwakhe lwafudukela eKimberley ngeminyaka yoo-1870. Ngenyanga kaJuni ka-1885, watshata no-Edmund Ndosa Kinloch kwicawa yaseSt Cyprian eKimberley.   

Waya eUnited Kingdom ngo-1895 waza wazimanya ne- Aborigines Protection Society (APS), umbutho ophambili wokubhangisa kunye nombutho wamalungelo oluntu. Njengommeli we-APS, wathetha nabaphulaphuli abaninzi eLondon, eNewcastle, eYork naseManchester. Kumaqonga e-Bhritane, waxoxa ngeemeko zaseMzantsi Afrika. Isihloko sakhe ibisithi "impatho embi yabantu bomthonyama kuMzantsi Afrika uphela, ingakumbi iCompound System efumaneka kuzo zonke izithili zemigodi".  "Black Plaque Project — Alice Kinlock". Black Plaque Project. Retrieved 2021-11-03. 

Kamva, wapapasha iphecana elithi 'Ingabe iiDayimani zoMzantsi Afrika zixabisa indleko yazo?' . Njengenxalenye yaloo ngxelo, uchaze iimeko zobomi kwiikhompawundi zemigodi njenge "ezifana namakhoboka" kwaye waphikisana nemithetho yamapasi eNatal. Killingray, David (September 2012). "Significant Black South Africans in Britain before 1912: Pan-African Organisations and the Emergence of South Africa's First Black Lawyers". South African Historical Journal. 64 (3): 393–417. doi:10.1080/02582473.2012.675810. ISSN 0258-2473. S2CID 155055871. Adi, Hakim (2019-05-23). "Women and Pan-Africanism". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.559. Retrieved 2021-11-03.

UKinloch waseka uMbutho waseAfrika ngo-1897 kunye namagqwetha awayenqwenela uHenry Sylvester-Williams kunye noThomas John Thompson waseTrinidad naseSierra Leone. Njengonondyebo weAfrican Association, uKinloch wabuyela eMzantsi Afrika ngoFebruwari 1898 waza, kunye noMbutho waseAfrika, waququzelela iNkomfa yokuqala yePan-African ngo-1990. Killingray, David (September 2012). "Significant Black South Africans in Britain before 1912: Pan-African Organisations and the Emergence of South Africa's First Black Lawyers". South African Historical Journal. 64 (3): 393–417. doi:10.1080/02582473.2012.675810. ISSN 0258-2473. S2CID 155055871.  Mbete, Sithembile (2021-10-28). "On, South Africa, race and the making of international relations, the Francesco Giucciardini prize forum". Cambridge Review of International Affairs: 1–4. doi:10.1080/09557571.2021.1994314. ISSN 0955-7571.

 Iimbekiselo


when was the african association founded
Answer: 1897