You have the Visigoths, you have the Franks, you have the kingdom of Odoacer. With the fall of Rome, we are entering into the early Middle Ages. Now, the Eastern Roman Empire, which considers itself the Roman Empire, it's its capital at Constantinople, under Justinian has a little bit of a last hurrah and is able to recapture the Italian peninsula, so it's able to recapture some of the territory that was formerly part of the Western Roman Empire, some of the territory in North Africa that you don't see on this map, but for the most part, Western Europe stays under the control of various Germanic kingdoms. So here we have fast-forwarded to the year 814, which would be right around here on our timeline, and you can see a major event has occurred, either on the map or on this timeline. You have Charlemagne, king of the Franks, crowned Holy Roman Emperor. On the map, you can see Charlemagne's empire right over here. He has conquered Northern Italy, much of what we consider modern-day France, much of what we consider modern-day Germany, Switzerland, the Netherlands, and Belgium.