But needless to say, as we go through the Indian Middle Ages, the bhakti movement gains more and more momentum and is really the defining movement for Hinduism today. And just to get an appreciation for some bhakti text, here is an excerpt from the Bhagavad Gita, which is considered by many modern Hindus to be one of their most central scriptures. It was likely written over 2,000 years ago and really came into its final form during the Gupta Empire. But the Gita is considered one of the central bhakti texts. And even though the Gita does focus a lot on notions of realizing the self and the ultimate reality and the importance of meditation, it also makes clear that there's a path to self-realization through love, through devotion. This is Krishna, the eighth incarnation of Vishnu, talking to the archer Arjun as he goes into battle. It's a bit of a repudiation of what at the time in medieval India was becoming a more and more rigid caste structure.