The first one is definitely absolute monarchism. Russia for hundreds and hundreds of years, 1500 years or something, basically had an absolute monarch system. Not unlike the divine kings of England or France or Italy or wherever, the Russians were called Tsars. The Tsars wielded divine right, absolute power. They certainly sometimes had benevolent leaders, Peter the Great, but then they also had Ivan the Terrible. So depending on who you were dealt with, what bloodline ran into the palace, that's really what determined the type of government that you had. And certainly Nicholas the Second, oh vocab, he's got vocab.