And they did this throughout the Umayyad dynasty, but it really came to its full fruition during the Abbasid Caliphate. Now, the Abbasid Caliphate, one of the first things they did under the caliph Al-Mansur, is build Baghdad and move the capital of the empire to Baghdad. Now, one of Al-Mansur's successors, Al-Rashid, is famous for making Baghdad a center of learning. According to the historian John William Draper, this is a sense of what life was like under Al-Rashid's rule, during the period of the caliphs, the learned men of the Christians and the Jews were not only held in great esteem, but were appointed to posts of great responsibility and were promoted to the high-ranking jobs in the government. He, Caliph Harun Rashid, never considered to which country a learned person belonged, nor his faith and belief, but only his excellence in the field of learning. And to get a sense of how much learning and how advanced the knowledge began to be, especially under the rulership of Al-Rashid, during this time, he was a contemporary of Charlemagne, who was the Frankish king. He was also the first Holy Roman emperor, and so it's this region right over here.