As I mentioned, the Kingdom of Judea is a client state of all of these various empires, and it eventually becomes a client state of the Roman Empire as we get into the end of the first millennium BCE. And as we get to 70 CE, so this is shortly after the time of Jesus, you have the first Jewish-Roman War, sometimes referred to as the Jewish Revolt, and in that, the Romans destroy the Second Temple. And this is really significant. The Second Temple, which as we mentioned, it starts getting rebuilt at the end of the captivity, and famously gets really nicely constructed as we get into the first century BCE. But then in 70 CE, Jerusalem is destroyed again, this time by the Romans. And this begins the beginning, or this is the beginning of the Jewish Diaspora, where they are exiled for now we're talking thousands of years, from Rome, and they spread through the Roman Empire and other empires, and we talk more about that in other videos. And this is a significant thing because now the Jewish people are, for the most part, dispersed.