So let's think a little bit about how the Crusades changed Europe and the entire world. Well, one of the obvious impacts of the Crusades was just the amount of death it caused. It's estimated that the death toll from the Crusades is two to six million people just from Western Europe, and just to put that into perspective, the European population at the time was about 60 to 70 million folks. So we're talking about four to 10% of the population dying in the Crusades, and this isn't fully accounting for all of the death and destruction that happened on the way to the Crusades or that happened in the Middle East as well. If you look at this map of what the region looks like as we get into the 14th century right over here, you can see that although the Middle East is still in control of the Muslims, Muslims have, for the most part, been pushed out of the Iberian Peninsula, and they have a little bit of a foothold right here in Granada. And this Reconquista is going to continue all the way until 1492 when what will be the Spanish are able to push out all of the Muslims from the Iberian Peninsula, and as they do that, they also expel the Jews. You also have territorial gains in the north of Europe that's a little bit harder to see on this map over here.