There's very few instances in history where we see this type of an empire form this quickly. And to get some context on that, we have this text here from the American historian Ira Lapidus' book Islamic Societies to the 19th Century. And Ira Lapidus writes, the expansion of Islam involved different factors in different regions. In North Africa, Anatolia, the Balkans, and India. So these are regions that we aren't showing in this map. Those happen later on, but they're left outside of the period depicted in this map. It was carried out by nomadic Arab or Turkish conquerors.