Over 15 million died during the Japanese occupation of China. This idea of genocide comes about. First, with the Armenian Genocide in the declining Ottoman Empire, where over a million people are believed to have been killed. And then in World War II, you have the Holocaust, where six to 11 million people were killed, roughly 2 1⁄3 of the Jewish population in Europe and many others. The Russian Empire and eventually the Soviet Union gets especially hit hard in the first half of the 20th century. In World War I alone, three million Russians die. Shortly after the war, you have a significant Russian famine that kills five million people.