The provisional government kept him alive, but during the Civil War, the Red Army didn't want any sort of legacy hanging out. So not only did they shoot the czar, but they shot his wife. They shot all of his children. That's just kind of a sad story right there. Another effect is absolutely going to be the Russians pulling out of World War I. The Bolsheviks said they would do it, and they live up to their word. They pull out of World War I, and it's probably going to be one of the reasons they're going to be able to sustain power, because they pulled out of the war.