But the fact that in Rome there was no emperor after 476 meant there was no one to challenge the pope, which would profoundly shape European history over the next, like, 1200 years. So I would argue that in some important ways, the Roman Empire survived for a thousand years after it left Rome, but in some ways, it still survives today. It survives in our imagination when we think of this as East and this as West. It survives in football rivalries that have their roots in religious conflicts, and it survives in the Justinian law code, which continues to be the basis for much of civil law in Europe. Next week, we'll talk about the emergence of Islam over here. How'd I do, Stan? Well, you can't win them all.