You have Sassanid Persia. But Arabia was never really consolidated or ruled by a formal, or most of Arabia, by a formal government or a formal empire. The rule of law in most of Arabia and the world in which Muhammad was born into was a tribal world where you were protected by your tribe. And it was really the laws of vendetta and revenge that kept certain things in check, but also would lead to a lot of wars and a lot of violence. And within Arabia, there were many folks who were Bedouins, who were nomadic people, who traveled through the desert, allowing their livestock to graze on whatever suitable land they found. But you also had settled people in places like Mecca. You had people who'd settled and started agriculture around oases.