In other videos, we have talked about the various empires of India as we exit the Vedic period. We talk about the Maurya Empire, famous for the ruler Shoka, who converts and then spreads Buddhism. As we get into the Common Era, we've talked about the Gupta Empire, that once again unifies much of India, and is considered a golden age in India's history. But after the fall of the Gupta Empire, India fragments, and you could roughly consider this to be the Indian Medieval Period. This is what India looks like in the year 1000, where you have multiple Hindu kingdoms. Now, as we get into the second millennium of the Common Era, you start to have significant Muslim influence, at first in the Northwest, but as we get into the late 12th and early 13th century, you have the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate. And once again, North India is now unified under Muslim rule, which will continue for some time under both the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Empire until the British show up, and then eventually in 1947, India becomes an independent country.