The Europeans, especially the British, eventually do find something the Chinese want, and that's opium, which is an addictive drug. It's the core ingredient in heroin and in morphine. The Chinese government, of course, does not want that opium inside the country, but as we talk about in previous videos, the British are able to force their way in with the First Opium War, often referred to as gunboat diplomacy. And after winning the First Opium War, the British are able to extract concessions from the Chinese, including opening up these ports. And even that does not satisfy the British. And so you have the Second Opium War from 1856 to 1860, after which opium, this addictive drug, is legalized. And to make matters worse for China, during the same period, they have an incredibly bloody civil war where over 20 million people die.