But by the time you get to 1300, the empire has fragmented into these various khanates, the Wan Dynasty in China, Shagatai Khanate in Central Asia, the Golden Horde in Northwest Asia, and the Ilkhanate in Persia and the Middle East. Now two things to keep note of as we look at this map that are relevant to this video is notice this tiny little kingdom right over here. This is one of the many fragmented kingdoms that result after the Sultanate of Rum collapses in the middle of the 13th century. This kingdom in particular is founded by someone by the name of Usman, or the Arabic version of the name would be Utman or Atman. And so this is the nascent Ottoman Empire forming right over here. Now over here you have the Delhi Sultanate, which was the first significant Muslim empire over North India. And notably, they were one of the few empires that were able to fend off the Mongols.