He should be earnest and truthful, loving all, but becoming intimate with his innate good-heartedness. After doing this, if he has energy to spare, he can study literature and the arts. And there's a lot of talk of if someone is to be a good citizen, they need to be a good child first. They need to be a good son. Now he also talks about what does it mean to be a just ruler. If you control people by punishment, they will avoid crime, but have no personal sense of shame. If you govern them by means of virtue and control them with propriety, they will gain their own sense of shame and thus correct themselves.