And then in World War II, you have the Holocaust, where six to 11 million people were killed, roughly 2 1⁄3 of the Jewish population in Europe and many others. The Russian Empire and eventually the Soviet Union gets especially hit hard in the first half of the 20th century. In World War I alone, three million Russians die. Shortly after the war, you have a significant Russian famine that kills five million people. Then in the early 30s, you have the Soviet famine, five to seven million people. This is believed to have occurred because of Stalin's attempts to make agriculture collectivized. In the late 30s, you have Stalin's purge, where he goes after political opponents, and it's believed that he killed as many as three million people.