Egypt was ruled by Ptolemy, establishing the Ptolemaic dynasty in the time of Euclid. And Euclid lived in that great center of learning in the arts, Alexandria, which even exists today. And he is most famous for his elements. This is a much later printing of his elements, of Euclid's elements. But you would be amazed how much of modern geometry has been described by Euclid. Even your geometry textbook can trace it back directly to Euclid's elements. Abraham Lincoln famously learned every proof in Euclid's elements in order to fine tune his mind.