But Otto is able to create a line of Holy Roman Emperors that continues all the way until 1806 when they are conquered by Napoleon Bonaparte. Now, the Holy Roman Empire itself, and Voltaire famously said it is neither holy nor Roman nor an empire, over various stages in its history is fragmented. It's many kingdoms with different levels of autonomy. But under Otto, it was quite unified. Now, as we get into the 11th century, the divide between east and west becomes even more pronounced. We've already talked about this ongoing power struggle between west and east, between which bishops have primacy over Christendom. We've talked about, hey, who is the real heir to the Roman Empire?