As you can see here, the empire of Charlemagne has now broken up. The west, West Francia, starting to resemble modern-day France, not quite exactly. And the eastern 2 3rds are now under the control of Otto, a German king. And because of his ability to offer protection and frankly, just his power, he is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. One of the reasons why this is significant, once again, it's saying, hey, the Byzantine Emperor isn't really the heir to the Roman Empire. It's this Holy Roman Emperor. But Otto is able to create a line of Holy Roman Emperors that continues all the way until 1806 when they are conquered by Napoleon Bonaparte.