Where we left off in the last video, we were in the year 656, and the third caliph, Uthman or Usman, is assassinated, and Ali is chosen to be caliph. And remember, Shias believe that Ali should have been caliph immediately after the death of Muhammad, and they cite the events of Ghadr Qum as evidence that that is what Muhammad intended. But Ali becomes caliph in 656, but this sparks what is called the first fitna, or the first Muslim civil war. Because Uthman has a fellow member of the Umayyad clan, the Umayyad clan, they're also Quraysh, just like Muhammad's clan, the Hashem, are also Quraysh, and Uthman's family member, Muawiyah, has been governor of Damascus since the time of the caliph, Umar. And when Uthman is assassinated, Muawiyah is not happy. And when Ali comes to power, he thinks that Ali is not making a solid effort to put the assassins to justice, and he refuses to pledge his allegiance to Ali as the caliph. Now the other context here is that Muawiyah has already built a significant military force, and that force is becoming stronger and stronger and stronger.