As with all empires and also everything else, Ghana rose and then fell and was replaced by Mali. And the kings of Mali, especially Mansa Musa, but also Mansa Suleiman, his successor, tried to increase the knowledge and practice of Islam in their territory. So, for example, when Mansa Musa returned from his hajj, he brought back scholars and architects to build mosques. And the reason we know a lot about Mali is because it was visited by Ibn Battuta, the Moroccan cleric and scholar who kind of had the best life ever. He was particularly fascinated by gender roles in the Malian empire and by Malian women, writing, They are extremely beautiful and more important than the men. Oh, it must be time for the open letter. An open letter to Ibn Battuta.