If you govern them by means of virtue and control them with propriety, they will gain their own sense of shame and thus correct themselves. And as we'll see, morality and ethics plays a huge role at a personal level and also as a state level to Confucius. And we'll talk about other philosophies where that might not be as strong of a sense. Now another very big theme to Confucius was looking to yourself. Through self-improvement, you can be a better citizen, a better child, a better ruler. Real knowledge is to know the extent of one's ignorance. Learning without thought is labor lost.