You're looking for raw materials to feed your increased productivity, and you're also looking for markets. And so in this context, as we think about the evolution of Japan from being extremely isolated to becoming an imperial power, think about which of these motivations was primary to Japan or maybe was there a third motivation. Let's begin in the 19th century. Japan is in control of the Tokugawa Shogunate, who has closed the country to foreigners. One of the purported reasons is fearing the influence of Christian missionaries as early as the 17th century. You have the British in India. You have the Spanish, who have been in the Philippines for several hundred years at this point.