What are the total possible outcomes if I'm flipping a fair coin eight times? Well, the first time I flip it, I either get heads or tails, so I get two outcomes. And then when I flip it again, I get two more outcomes for the second one. And then how many total outcomes? Well, that's 2 times 2, because I've got 2 in the first, 2 in the second flip. And then essentially, we multiply 2 times the number of flips. So that's 5, 6, 7, 8.