Question ID:PT28 S1 Q25 Passage:McKinley:  A double-blind study, in which neither the patient nor the primary researcher knows whether the patient is being given the drug being tested or a placebo, is the most effective procedure for testing the efficacy of a drug. But we will not be able to perform such a study on this new drug, since the drug will have various effects on the patients' bodies, which will make us aware of whether the patients are getting the drug or a placebo.Engle:  You cannot draw that conclusion at this point, for you are assuming you know what the outcome of the study will be. Stem:Engle's statement indicates that he is most likely interpreting McKinley's remarks to be Correct Answer Choice:DChoice A:presuming that a double-blind study is the only effective way to test new drugs Choice B:denying that the drug will be effective Choice C:presuming that the placebo will produce no effects whatever on the patients' bodies Choice D:referring to the drug's therapeutic effects rather than to any known side effects Choice E:based on a confusion about when a drug is efficacious