Pierre Teilhard de Chardin was born in the Château of Sarcenat , Orcines commune , some 4 km north-west of Clermont-Ferrand , Auvergne , French Third Republic , on 1 May 1881 , as the fourth of eleven children of librarian Emmanuel Teilhard de Chardin ( 1844-1932 ) and of Berthe-Adèle , née de Dompierre d 'Hornoys of Picardy , a great-grandniece of Voltaire .