The lithophile elements include : Al , Boron , Barium , Beryllium , Bromine , Calcium , Chlorine , Cr , Caesium , Fluorine , Iodine , Hf , Potassium , Lithium , Magnesium , Sodium , Niobium , O , P , Rubidium , Sc , Si , Strontium , Ta , Th , Ti , U , V , Y , Zirconium , W and the lanthanides .