The Strange, But True Tale of a Communist Cowboy
A new German documentary, "The Red Elvis", tells the extraordinary tale of Dean Reed from Denver, Colorado who became a star behind the Iron Curtain.
It's common knowledge that thousands of people fled communist East Germany for the West. The fact that a few hardy souls traveled in the opposite direction is far less well-known. The American musician, actor and film director, Dean Reed was one of them. Filmmaker Leopold Grün, who grew up in East Germany, had forgotten about Reed until a friend from the West jogged his memory six years ago. "I didn't like his music, so he'd never really concerned me very much," Grün said. "It was only when I started looking into his story that I became fascinated because it had so many twists and turns. I discovered a completely crazy world that I had no idea about." The bizarre tale of Dean Reed has recently reawakened a flurry of interest. As well as Grün's film -- five years in the making and just opening in Germany -- a biography was published late last year. US actor Tom Hanks is currently working on a feature film with Steven Spielberg about Reed's life with himself in the lead role. New Angle Leopold Grün sees this interest as signs of a need for a change of perspective about the Cold War era. "We all know that people fled East Germany," he said. "But what could someone's motives have been for going in the opposite direction?" Called "The Red Elvis," Grün's film does not set out to provide a comprehensive or conclusive account of Reed's colorful and chequered life. The filmmaker is clear: "This is not a biography." Instead, like a puzzle the documentary pieces together film clips, concert footage and a host of interviews, leaving it to the audience to make up their own mind. Not exactly Country-Western By the time the photogenic Reed settled in the German Democratic Republic (GDR), he had already strayed far from his roots. Following a couple of very minor hits in the United States, the singer embarked on a tour of Latin America in the early 1960s that was to prove decisive. Not only did Reed end up at Number One on the Chilean charts, he witnessed grinding poverty during his travels and forged contacts with the Latin American leftist movement, eventually counting Salvador Allende among his friends. In "The Red Elvis," Isabel Allende Bussi remembers with gratitude Reed's support for her father's presidential campaign. "In his performances in Chile you can see he is genuine," Grün said. "The posing began later." Increasingly critical of US foreign policy, Reed moved to Latin America. It was the start of his career as a political activist-cum-entertainer. He also continued to perform further afield, becoming the first US singer to tour the Soviet Union where his repertoire of country-western and protest songs together with his screen idol looks took audiences by storm. In the film, a Russian fan, now living in Reed's home town, reverentially recalls how his appearances in Russia "were like a holiday for us." Her memories have a tragic irony. The singing advocate of socialist policies functioned as a distraction from Soviet realities. "We forgot that we were oppressed," she tells the camera. Propaganda coup The US performer's tours were clearly a coup for Soviet authorities. This did not go unnoticed back home. In 1972, in an article dripping with sarcasm, the US magazine Newsweek commented: "Reed's success is heavily subsidized by Kremlin authorities. How often do they get an American who looks like apple pie and treads the party line like a trained bear?" Significantly, Reed never relinquished his US passport, retaining the right to roam. One of the most memorable -- and disturbing -- images in "The Red Elvis" shows Reed in Lebanon in the late 1960s, posing with both a gun and a guitar. In Argentina, Reed was given his own TV show to host, but was finally deported after his pro-communist stance got too much for the authorities who were wary of upsetting Washington. After building an acting career in Spaghetti Westerns in Italy, he moved to East Berlin in 1972, meeting his second wife-to-be at a film festival in Leipzig. In East Germany, Reed continued to sing and act, most notably in the blockbuster, East-German Western "Blutsbrüder" (Blood Brothers). Here, the showman created a role tailored to his own character -- a US soldier who goes over to the other side, joining forces with the underdogs after witnessing a massacre of Cheyenne Indians. A rising star behind the Iron Curtain At first, the GDR authorities had not been so keen on his staying, according to Grün. "They were afraid that he would have an unsettling effect because he was such a showman, but then they realized what a fantastic opportunity he presented," he said. "He stood for the right cause and there was no need to manipulate him." Egon Krenz, who was later to briefly succeed Erich Honecker at the top of the East German leadership, has described the relationship between Reed and the authorities as a "productive" one, based on "give and take." But while this closeness to the regime may have secured him a celebrity status that he would never have enjoyed in the United States, it was also to prove his downfall. His popularity began to ebb, partly because of his failure to take any kind of critical stance in public. Disillusioned cowboy Over the years, Reed had also become increasingly disillusioned with the less than heroic nature of everyday life in East Germany. And by the mid 1980s, his third marriage to a leading East German actress was also on the rocks. Grün's film gives little credence to the conspiracy stories that have surrounded his death by drowning, which was reported as a "tragic accident" on East German television. Reed's long-term mistress and soulmate talks about the suicide pact that they had discussed at their clandestine apartment, still visibly grieving at the fact that he decided to cross this final frontier without her. More than a product of the Cold War? The 90-minute film creates a subtle, multi-layered image of someone whose public and private personas were riven with contradictions. While Dean Reed was, in one sense, very much a product of the Cold War, Grün said he believes his life story still has relevance today. "One important goal of mine was to make a film that people could identify with in some way. The themes that are dealt with are still topical: the Palestinian issue, Latin America," he said. "In addition to that, it deals with human problems that are not specific to East Germany."
Communist
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German
documentary
The Red Elvis
Dean Reed
Dean_Reed
Denver
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Colorado
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Iron Curtain
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East Germany
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West
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American
musician
actor
film director
Dean Reed
Dean_Reed
Filmmaker
Leopold Grün
East Germany
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Reed
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West
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Grün
Angelina_Grün Grün
Dean Reed
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Grün
Angelina_Grün Grün
Germany
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US
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actor
Tom Hanks
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Steven Spielberg
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Reed
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Leopold Grün
Cold War
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The Red Elvis
Grün
Angelina_Grün Grün
Reed
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Reed
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German Democratic Republic
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GDR
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United States
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1960
Reed
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Number One
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Chilean
Latin American
Salvador Allende
Salvador_Allende Salvador_Allende_(film) Death_of_Salvador_Allende Presidency_of_Salvador_Allende
The Red Elvis
Isabel Allende Bussi
Isabel_Allende_(politician)
Reed
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Chile
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Grün
Angelina_Grün Grün
US
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Reed
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US
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Soviet Union
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Russian
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Soviet
US
United_States Billboard_200 Billboard_Hot_100 Recording_Industry_Association_of_America United_States_dollar Nielsen_SoundScan Billboard_charts Hot_Country_Songs Unincorporated_territories_of_the_United_States Billboard_(magazine) Dance_Club_Songs Federal_government_of_the_United_States American_English RIAA_Certification .us Us_(Peter_Gabriel_album)
Soviet
1972
US
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magazine
Newsweek
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Reed
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Kremlin
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American
Reed
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US
United_States Billboard_200 Billboard_Hot_100 Recording_Industry_Association_of_America United_States_dollar Nielsen_SoundScan Billboard_charts Hot_Country_Songs Unincorporated_territories_of_the_United_States Billboard_(magazine) Dance_Club_Songs Federal_government_of_the_United_States American_English RIAA_Certification .us Us_(Peter_Gabriel_album)
The Red Elvis
Reed
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Lebanon
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1960
Argentina
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Reed
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Washington
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Spaghetti Westerns
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Italy
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East Berlin
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1972
Leipzig
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East Germany
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Reed
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East-German
Blutsbrüder
Blood_Brothers_(1935_film)
Blood Brothers
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US
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Cheyenne Indians
Cheyenne Western_League_(1939–1941)
Iron Curtain
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GDR
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Grün
Angelina_Grün Grün
Egon Krenz
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Erich Honecker
Erich_Honecker
East German
Reed
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United States
United_States United_States_men's_national_soccer_team United_States_men's_national_ice_hockey_team United_States_women's_national_soccer_team United_States_national_rugby_union_team American_poetry United_States_men's_national_junior_ice_hockey_team United_States_Soccer_Federation Secondary_education_in_the_United_States Recording_Industry_Association_of_America United_States_men's_national_basketball_team United_States_Davis_Cup_team United_States_national_cricket_team Cinema_of_the_United_States Education_in_the_United_States Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States
Reed
Reed_(mouthpiece) Reed_(plant) Phragmites Malcolm_Reed Jack_Reed_(rugby_league) Reed_bed Reed_(weaving) Jeff_Reed_(American_football) Stanley_Forman_Reed Howie_Reed Lou_Reed Reed,_Hertfordshire Addison_Reed Mister_Fantastic Reed_(company) Reed_College
East Germany
East_Germany East_Germany_national_football_team Deutscher_Fußball-Verband_der_DDR East_German_Figure_Skating_Championships East_Germany_women's_national_football_team East_Germany_at_the_1972_Summer_Olympics East_Germany_at_the_Olympics East_Germany_at_the_1968_Summer_Olympics East_Germany_women's_national_basketball_team East_Germany_at_the_1976_Summer_Olympics East_Germany_men's_national_volleyball_team East_Germany_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics East_Germany_national_under-21_football_team East_Germany_national_ice_hockey_team East_Germany_national_rugby_union_team East_Germany_national_handball_team
1980
East German
Grün
Angelina_Grün Grün
East German
Reed
Reed_(mouthpiece) Reed_(plant) Phragmites Malcolm_Reed Jack_Reed_(rugby_league) Reed_bed Reed_(weaving) Jeff_Reed_(American_football) Stanley_Forman_Reed Howie_Reed Lou_Reed Reed,_Hertfordshire Addison_Reed Mister_Fantastic Reed_(company) Reed_College
Cold War
Cold_War Cold_War_(2012_film) Cold_war_(general_term) Cold_War_(Doctor_Who) Cold_War_(ice_hockey) Cold_War_(2018_film) Cold_War_(video_game) Cold_War_(TV_series) Cold_War_(song) Cold_War_(1953–1962) Cold_War_(1985–1991) Cold_War_(1947–1953) Cold_War_(band) Cold_War_(1962–1979) Cold_War_II Cold_War_(1979–1985)
Dean Reed
Dean_Reed
Cold War
Cold_War Cold_War_(2012_film) Cold_war_(general_term) Cold_War_(Doctor_Who) Cold_War_(ice_hockey) Cold_War_(2018_film) Cold_War_(video_game) Cold_War_(TV_series) Cold_War_(song) Cold_War_(1953–1962) Cold_War_(1985–1991) Cold_War_(1947–1953) Cold_War_(band) Cold_War_(1962–1979) Cold_War_II Cold_War_(1979–1985)
Grün
Angelina_Grün Grün
Palestinian
Latin America
Latin_America Senior_League_World_Series_(Latin_America_Region) Little_League_World_Series_in_Latin_America Maunabo,_Puerto_Rico Big_League_World_Series_(Latin_America_Region) Junior_League_World_Series_(Latin_America_Region) Latin_American_literature United_Nations_geoscheme_for_the_Americas Boomerang_(Latin_America) Music_of_Latin_America History_of_the_Jews_in_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean Intermediate_League_World_Series_(Latin_America_Region) Latin_American_poetry Mexicali Monterrey Latin_American_cuisine
East Germany
East_Germany East_Germany_national_football_team Deutscher_Fußball-Verband_der_DDR East_German_Figure_Skating_Championships East_Germany_women's_national_football_team East_Germany_at_the_1972_Summer_Olympics East_Germany_at_the_Olympics East_Germany_at_the_1968_Summer_Olympics East_Germany_women's_national_basketball_team East_Germany_at_the_1976_Summer_Olympics East_Germany_men's_national_volleyball_team East_Germany_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics East_Germany_national_under-21_football_team East_Germany_national_ice_hockey_team East_Germany_national_rugby_union_team East_Germany_national_handball_team
German Democratic Republic
East_Germany
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
United States
United_States
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
Soviet Union
Soviet_Union
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
The Red Elvis
wikidata:Q1199504
iptc::01000000 iptc::20000005 slot::keyword topic::culture type::entity type::film_title type::misc type::work_of_art
Dean Reed
Dean_Reed
gender::male iptc::01000000 meta::redo slot::keyword topic::culture type::character type::entity type::person
Leopold Grün
wikidata:Q1453475
gender::male iptc::01000000 iptc::20000005 slot::keyword topic::culture type::artist type::entity type::filmmaker type::person
Blood Brothers
Blood_Brothers_(1975_film)
iptc::01000000 iptc::20000005 topic::culture type::entity type::film_title type::misc type::work_of_art
East-German
topic::none type::gpe0-x type::other
Communist
Communism
iptc::11000000 topic::politics type::entity type::organization type::party
German
topic::none type::gpe0-x type::other
documentary
topic::none type::role type::value
Denver
Denver
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe2 type::location
Colorado
Colorado
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe1 type::location
Iron Curtain
Iron_Curtain
meta::todo topic::none type::entity type::misc
West
topic::none type::entity type::location type::regio
American
topic::none type::gpe0-x type::other
musician
topic::none type::role type::value
actor
topic::none type::role type::value
film director
topic::none type::role type::value
Filmmaker
topic::none type::role type::value
Germany
Germany
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
Tom Hanks
Tom_Hanks
gender::male iptc::01000000 topic::culture type::actor type::artist type::entity type::person
Steven Spielberg
Steven_Spielberg
gender::male iptc::01000000 iptc::20000005 topic::culture type::artist type::entity type::filmmaker type::person
Cold War
Cold_War
iptc::16000000 topic::conflict type::entity type::event type::war
Latin America
Latin_America
topic::none type::entity type::location type::regio
1960
topic::none type::time type::value
Number One
meta::todo topic::none type::entity type::misc
Chilean
topic::none type::gpe0-x type::other
Latin American
topic::none type::loc-x type::other
Salvador Allende
Salvador_Allende
gender::male iptc::11000000 topic::politics type::entity type::person type::politician
Isabel Allende Bussi
Isabel_Allende_(politician)
gender::female iptc::11000000 topic::politics type::entity type::person type::politician
Chile
Chile
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
Russian
topic::none type::gpe0-x type::other
Russia
Russia
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
Soviet
topic::none type::gpe0-x type::other
1972
topic::none type::time type::value
magazine
topic::none type::role type::value
Newsweek
Newsweek
topic::media type::entity type::media type::organization
Kremlin
Moscow_Kremlin
type::entity type::facility type::location
Lebanon
Lebanon
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
Argentina
Argentina
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
Washington
Washington,_D.C.
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe2 type::location
Spaghetti Westerns
Spaghetti_Western
iptc::01000000 meta::todo topic::culture type::entity
Italy
Italy
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
East Berlin
East_Berlin
topic::none type::entity type::loc type::location
Leipzig
Leipzig
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe2 type::location
Cheyenne Indians
Cheyenne
topic::none type::entity type::ethnicity
Egon Krenz
Egon_Krenz
gender::male iptc::11000000 topic::politics type::entity type::person type::politician
Erich Honecker
Erich_Honecker
gender::male iptc::11000000 topic::politics type::entity type::person type::politician
1980
topic::none type::time type::value
Palestinian
topic::none type::gpe0-x type::other
State_of_Palestine