The Netherlands Opens Up Labor Market to Recent EU Members
The Netherlands has now opened its borders fully to workers from countries that joined the European Union in 2004. It joins eight other EU nations which have already benefited from the same move.
The Netherlands has dismantled its barriers one at a time. The first move was lifting restrictions on the number of workers allowed to migrate to the nation from countries that joined the EU; a total of 22,000 workers were formerly permitted entry. In June 2006, the government freed employers in 23 different sectors from the obligation of first having to search for qualified Dutch or other people from old member states before hiring, say, someone from Poland. In December last year, 16 other sectors of the labor market were added to the list. Polish supermarkets in The Hague Tens of thousands of Polish, Czech and Hungarians workers have meanwhile settled in the Netherlands. "The Hague now has a slew of Polish supermarkets," said Günther Gülker of the German-Dutch Chamber of Commerce and Industry. Yet the Netherlands' borders did not open completely until March 1, 2007. Since then, workers from new EU-member states are welcome to work everywhere. There are over 250,000 jobs up for grabs in a country with just four percent unemployment. The construction industry in particular is desperate. "There's an acute shortage in that area," said Gülker. The Dutch government and employers' associations are convinced that the influx of new workers is boosting economic growth, which reached 2.9 percent in 2006. "Opening up the employment market can certainly have a positive impact on the economy," said Paul de Beer, an economics professor at the University of Amsterdam. Economic sectors which have a shortage of workers can anticipate growth, he said. Equal pay for equal work There's a flip side too, however. In the long term, liberalization can push wages down. "Many workers migrating to the Netherlands are willing to work for lower pay," de Beer said. "That's going to have consequences." Yet the Dutch government has taken steps to protect domestic workers. Dutch law requires employers to pay newly arrived, foreign workers the same wages as their Dutch colleagues. In addition, employment agencies are to locate jobs for foreign workers. Employers have also obliged themselves to finding proper accommodation for the workers. Furthermore, a supervisory agency has also been established to handle complaints or infringements. Germany and Austria lagging behind The Netherlands isn't the first country to open up its labor market. Great Britain, Ireland and Sweden did not even impose limits following the EU's eastern enlargement. Finland, Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain have already abolished entry restrictions. Belgium, Denmark, France and Luxembourg will follow suit in 2009. Only Germany and Austria want maintain their liberalization phase in transition until 2011. Those countries argue that their geographical location put their employment markets at risk: their proximity to the new EU-member states Bulgaria and Romania would make them even more vulnerable to foreign workers migration. Studies by the European Commission confirm Austria's fears. The number of citizens from "new" EU countries in Austria has doubled in the past three years -- to 1.4 percent. In Germany, however, the number has increased only slightly -- to 0.7 percent. The Munich-based economic research institute Ifo confirmed the figures. In 2004 and 2005, around 24,000 Eastern Europeans moved to Austria to work; only 12,000 moved to Germany. Positive economic effects The number of "new" EU citizens migrating to "old" EU countries has remained stable following expansion. Interestingly, figures should that the effects of foreign worker migration are positive: employees from eastern Europe did their part in filling the demand for qualified workers in other markets, the European Commission said. Jörg Lackenbauer, an economist at the Center for European Policy in Freiburg, agreed. More than 450,000 people have migrated to Great Britain from the EU-acceding countries. "The effect on domestic employees was minimal. "But the economy benefited from the effects of migration in that the potential for production and the gross domestic product rose," he said. In Germany, the debate about liberalizing the employment market for migrants has quieted. But it could get louder soon: the Czech Republic has announced it will focus on liberalization during its EU presidency beginning in January 2009. Without the current transitional periods for liberalization for countries like Germany and Austria, the EU's gross domestic product would currently be up to one percent higher," said Lackenbauer. "Besides, liberalization of the employment market is one of the basic tenants of the single European market," he said. "The treaty for establishing the European Community clearly dictates its implementation," he said.
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Great_Britain Great_Britain_national_rugby_league_team Kingdom_of_Great_Britain United_Kingdom A1_Team_Great_Britain United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland Great_Britain_Olympic_football_team List_of_non-marine_molluscs_of_Great_Britain Great_Britain_national_speedway_team Peerage_of_Great_Britain Great_Britain_at_the_Olympics Great_Britain_men's_national_field_hockey_team English_poetry Great_Britain_Davis_Cup_team Great_Britain_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics Great_Britain_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics
EU
European_Union Europe List_of_European_records_in_swimming Eu,_Seine-Maritime E.U._(TV_series) European_Hot_100_Singles .eu European_Top_100_Albums Europium International_Federation_of_the_Phonographic_Industry United_Left_(Galicia) Experience_Unlimited United_Left_of_the_Balearic_Islands Esquerra_de_Menorca United_Extremadura Citizenship_of_the_European_Union
Germany
Germany Germany_national_football_team Nazi_Germany German_Empire Germany_women's_national_football_team Weimar_Republic German_Football_Association ISU_Junior_Grand_Prix_in_Germany GfK_Entertainment_Charts Germany_national_youth_football_team A1_Team_Germany Germany_national_rugby_union_team Kingdom_of_Germany German_literature Germany_men's_national_ice_hockey_team Same-sex_marriage_in_Germany
Czech Republic
Czech_Republic Czech_Republic_national_football_team Czech_Republic_men's_national_ice_hockey_team List_of_non-marine_molluscs_of_the_Czech_Republic ISU_Junior_Grand_Prix_in_the_Czech_Republic Czech_Republic_men's_national_junior_ice_hockey_team A1_Team_Czech_Republic Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_the_Czech_Republic Football_Association_of_the_Czech_Republic Czech_Republic_national_under-21_football_team Czech_Republic_Fed_Cup_team Czech_Republic_Davis_Cup_team Czech_Republic_national_under-19_football_team Czech_Republic_national_basketball_team Czech_Republic_women's_national_football_team Czech_Republic_national_speedway_team
EU
European_Union Europe List_of_European_records_in_swimming Eu,_Seine-Maritime E.U._(TV_series) European_Hot_100_Singles .eu European_Top_100_Albums Europium International_Federation_of_the_Phonographic_Industry United_Left_(Galicia) Experience_Unlimited United_Left_of_the_Balearic_Islands Esquerra_de_Menorca United_Extremadura Citizenship_of_the_European_Union
January 2009
Germany
Germany Germany_national_football_team Nazi_Germany German_Empire Germany_women's_national_football_team Weimar_Republic German_Football_Association ISU_Junior_Grand_Prix_in_Germany GfK_Entertainment_Charts Germany_national_youth_football_team A1_Team_Germany Germany_national_rugby_union_team Kingdom_of_Germany German_literature Germany_men's_national_ice_hockey_team Same-sex_marriage_in_Germany
Austria
Austria Austria_national_football_team Austrian_Empire ISU_Junior_Grand_Prix_in_Austria Habsburg_Monarchy Same-sex_marriage_in_Austria Archduchy_of_Austria Austrian_Football_Association First_Austrian_Republic Ö3_Austria_Top_40 Austria-Hungary Austria_women's_national_football_team Austria_national_under-21_football_team Duchy_of_Austria List_of_non-marine_molluscs_of_Austria Federal_State_of_Austria
EU
European_Union Europe List_of_European_records_in_swimming Eu,_Seine-Maritime E.U._(TV_series) European_Hot_100_Singles .eu European_Top_100_Albums Europium International_Federation_of_the_Phonographic_Industry United_Left_(Galicia) Experience_Unlimited United_Left_of_the_Balearic_Islands Esquerra_de_Menorca United_Extremadura Citizenship_of_the_European_Union
Lackenbauer
European
European Community
European_Economic_Community European_Union European_Communities White_people_in_Kenya European_New_Zealanders European_Commission Pied-Noir
European Union
European_Union
iptc::11000000 slot::keyword topic::politics type::entity type::igo type::organization type::so
Netherlands
Netherlands
slot::in slot::keyword topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
Günther Gülker
gender::male iptc::20000170 slot::keyword topic::business type::business_per type::entity type::person
European Commission
European_Commission
iptc::11000000 slot::keyword topic::politics type::entity type::igo type::organization
Jörg Lackenbauer
gender::male iptc::11000000 slot::keyword topic::politics type::entity type::person type::politics_per
Paul de Beer
gender::male iptc::05000000 topic::education type::entity type::person type::teacher
2004
topic::none type::time type::value
June 2006
topic::none type::time type::value
Dutch
topic::none type::gpe0-x type::other
Poland
Poland
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
December
topic::none type::time type::value
Polish
topic::none type::gpe0-x type::other
The Hague
The_Hague
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe2 type::location
Czech
topic::none type::gpe0-x type::other
Hungarians
topic::none type::gpe0-x type::other
German-Dutch Chamber of Commerce and Industry
iptc::11000000 topic::politics type::entity type::organization type::politics_org
March 1, 2007
topic::none type::time type::value
2006
topic::none type::time type::value
University of Amsterdam
University_of_Amsterdam
iptc::05000000 topic::education type::education_org type::entity type::organization
Germany
Germany
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
Austria
Austria
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
Great Britain
United_Kingdom
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
Ireland
Ireland
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
Sweden
Sweden
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
Finland
Finland
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
Greece
Greece
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
Italy
Italy
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
Portugal
Portugal
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
Spain
Spain
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
Belgium
Belgium
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
Denmark
Denmark
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
France
France
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
Luxembourg
Luxembourg
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
2009
topic::none type::time type::value
2011
topic::none type::time type::value
Bulgaria
Bulgaria
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
Romania
Romania
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
Munich
Munich
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe2 type::location
economic research institute
topic::none type::role type::value
Ifo
Ifo_Institute_for_Economic_Research
iptc::13000000 topic::science type::entity type::organization type::research_center
2005
topic::none type::time type::value
Eastern Europeans
topic::none type::loc-x type::other
Europe
Europe
topic::none type::entity type::location type::regio
Center for European Policy
Centre_for_European_Policy
iptc::11000000 topic::politics type::entity type::organization type::policy_institute
Freiburg
Freiburg_im_Breisgau
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe2 type::location
Czech Republic
Czech_Republic
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
January 2009
topic::none type::time type::value
European
topic::none type::loc-x type::other
European Community
iptc::11000000 topic::politics type::entity type::igo type::organization
Hungary