White House ignored multiple warnings about crisis in Egypt
There's a general consensus among policymakers and analysts that the uprisings in Egypt and elsewhere were unpredictable. That's untrue. There were plenty of experts who warned concretely about an impending crisis.
When hundreds of thousands took to the streets first in Tunis, then in Cairo, Western governments were caught off guard just as much as the dictatorial regimes that were the target of the protests. The US, arguably the country with the strongest interests and the most leverage in the region, was still scrambling to make sense of Tunisian President Ben Ali's swift exit when the next regime, this time in Egypt, crumbled. Without a clear crisis management plan at the ready, the Obama administration's reaction to the events in Cairo waffled between tenuous support for the protestors and continued allegiance with the Mubarak regime, a key US partner in the Middle East. Taken by surprise The remark by Vice President Joe Biden, probably the Obama administration's most experienced foreign policymaker, in the midst of Egypt's uprising that he wouldn't classify Hosni Mubarak as a dictator serves perhaps as the most telling sign that the US government was unprepared for the events that rocked the Middle East. But as it turned out the vast network of US intelligence services was apparently equally flabbergasted by the revolt in Egypt as their political counterparts. While the CIA director's statement before Congress that there was a "strong likelihood" that Hosni Mubarak would step down the same night proved wrong and made the most headlines, the more damaging remark actually came from Leon Panetta's boss. The director of national intelligence, James Clapper, testified before Congress that Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood was "largely secular" and "eschewed violence" only to have his statement later corrected by a spokesman. President Barack Obama, according to a February 4 article in the New York Times, was unhappy with the information and analysis he received on the uprising in the Middle East by his intelligence services. Internal White House study on Egypt However, instead of relying on the CIA and others to prognosticate events in Egypt and elsewhere the president could have simply turned to his own advisors. As reported by the New York Times, Obama himself commissioned a secret review of possible unrest in the Middle East back in August 2010. The so-called Presidential Study Directive concluded that numerous countries in the region were prone to mass unrest without serious political changes, wrote the paper. The 18-page report so far hasn't been officially submitted, but is apparently helping the US deal with the events. Still, the crucial question why the White House didn't act on its in-house information prior to the crisis in the Middle East remains unclear. While the Presidential Study Directive was conducted in secret, the Obama administration also was repeatedly alerted publicly to the dangerous situation in the Middle East, particularly in Egypt. A high-level Working Group on Egypt, consisting of a bipartisan cadre of former government officials, human rights activists and Middle East experts, sent numerous letters to US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in spring of last year repeatedly urging the administration to press for serious reforms in Egypt to avert a possible conflict. The heads of the Working Group on Egypt, Michele Dunne and Robert Kagan, then followed up with an op-ed in the Washington Post in June 2010, warning that "the Obama administration, in pursuit of an illusory stability, stands mute and passive as the predictable train wreck draws nearer." And according to the Washington Post, the group also had meetings with senior State Department officials. So why did the administration not heed the advice of the experts? "I think they didn't share the urgency that some of us on the outside felt about this," Michele Dunne, a co-chair of the Working Group on Egypt told Deutsche Welle. "That things in Egypt were deteriorating dangerously, that there could be an explosion at some point if Mubarak didn't undertake some reform measures." Conflicting positions Dunne, who is a Middle East expert at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in Washington and editor of the online journal the Arab Reform Bulletin, thinks the US administration was in two minds about what to do in Egypt. While Washington saw the situation in Egypt deteriorating after the renewal of the state of emergency and the rigged election, it found it difficult to act upon it, adds Dunne. "The United States government has a lot of interests to work with Egypt and I think they weren't really sure how to press strongly for improvements for human rights and democracy while at the same time working with the Egyptian government on diplomacy, security, and counterterrorism." What's more, many experts, not just those inside the Obama administration, simply underestimated the potential for revolt in Egypt. "I think that most analysts didn't take seriously trends and developments that we saw in Egypt over the last few years," argues Dunne. To her the youth bulge in the country coupled with a high level of unemployment and increased political activism over the Internet was an alarm signal. Real revolution But others didn't think so. "This was seen as just a virtual political activism, not real political activism and I think the link that most analysts missed was the possibility that these activists who were organizing by the tens of thousands on the Internet could actually take it to the streets," says Dunne who emphasizes that she doesn't want to claim that she predicted the revolution would occur when it did, because she didn't. "However, I did see this year as being a very volatile time in Egypt because of the succession issue," she notes. "Because President Mubarak is 83 years old everyone knew he wouldn't be in the presidency much longer." Over in Israel, Tamir Sheafer, an associate professor of political science and communication at Hebrew University in Jerusalem, was also not terribly surprised by the uprising in Egypt. Democratic gap Since 2008 Sheafer and a colleague have been working on a major study on political instability that will be published in the coming months. Their goal: Predicting a country's potential for political instability. To do that, they analyzed 90 countries looking at the usual publicly available variables such as political diversity and income distribution. But then they added a twist to their approach that makes their analysis unique. They created a variable they call the democratic gap. "This democratic gap is the difference between the democratic values of the people and the level of democracy that is provided to them by the political system," explains Sheafer. "So if for instance people are holding high democratic values but they live in a dictatorship we have a large negative democratic gap. While if the people don't want much democracy, but live in a democracy we have a positive democratic gap, i.e. they are getting more democracy than they want." Their major finding is that in countries that have a negative democratic gap there is more political instability. "This is not a big surprise," admits Sheafer freely. "It just makes sense. The unique thing about our study is that we have managed to measure it." Ripe for unrest You can probably guess now which country ranked among those with the highest negative democratic gap. "In Egypt we see one of the largest democratic gaps among all 90 countries which means that in 2008 our measures show that the difference between the democratic values of the people and the level of democracy that they were given by the political regime was very large," says Sheafer. Besides Egypt the three other countries with the largest democratic gap are Iran, Thailand and China, says Sheafer. Among those Iran displays the biggest discrepancy between the democratic aspirations of its people and the level of democracy granted by the regime. While Sheafer repeatedly stresses that the democratic gap method can't predict unrest in a country, it certainly does serve as an indicator that the climate is ripe for political unrest. "We do see that in those countries where the negative democratic gap is the largest - Iran, Thailand, China and Egypt - after 2008 in three of them except China we experienced extreme phases of instability and violence," says Sheafer. As to the vulnerability of other regimes in the Middle East, Sheafer says while they don't have data on Libya, Yemen and Bahrain, Jordan actually has a positive democratic gap and thus according to their data would appear to be less prone to unrest. However two other countries to look out for in the region are Saudi Arabia and Morocco, adds Sheafer. Both have a clear negative democratic gap. Author: Michael Knigge Editor: Rob Mudge
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Carnegie_Endowment_for_International_Peace
Washington
Washington_(state) Washington,_D.C. Washington_Wizards Washington_Huskies_football Washington_Mystics Washington_County,_New_York University_of_Washington Washington_Huskies_men's_basketball George_Washington Washington_County,_Maine Washington_Capitals Washington_County,_Pennsylvania Washington_Huskies Washington,_Pennsylvania Washington,_Tyne_and_Wear Washington_County,_Oregon
Arab Reform Bulletin
US
United_States Billboard_200 Billboard_Hot_100 Recording_Industry_Association_of_America United_States_dollar Nielsen_SoundScan Billboard_charts Hot_Country_Songs Unincorporated_territories_of_the_United_States Billboard_(magazine) Dance_Club_Songs Federal_government_of_the_United_States American_English RIAA_Certification .us Us_(Peter_Gabriel_album)
Egypt
Egypt Egypt_national_football_team Ancient_Egypt Egypt_(Roman_province) Kingdom_of_Egypt Egypt_Eyalet Egypt_in_the_Middle_Ages Egyptian_Football_Association Ptolemaic_Kingdom Egypt_national_basketball_team Khedivate_of_Egypt History_of_ancient_Egypt Egypt_national_handball_team Egypt_Fed_Cup_team Egypt_women's_national_squash_team Egyptian_revolution_of_2011
Washington
Washington_(state) Washington,_D.C. Washington_Wizards Washington_Huskies_football Washington_Mystics Washington_County,_New_York University_of_Washington Washington_Huskies_men's_basketball George_Washington Washington_County,_Maine Washington_Capitals Washington_County,_Pennsylvania Washington_Huskies Washington,_Pennsylvania Washington,_Tyne_and_Wear Washington_County,_Oregon
Egypt
Egypt Egypt_national_football_team Ancient_Egypt Egypt_(Roman_province) Kingdom_of_Egypt Egypt_Eyalet Egypt_in_the_Middle_Ages Egyptian_Football_Association Ptolemaic_Kingdom Egypt_national_basketball_team Khedivate_of_Egypt History_of_ancient_Egypt Egypt_national_handball_team Egypt_Fed_Cup_team Egypt_women's_national_squash_team Egyptian_revolution_of_2011
Dunne
James_Dunne Casey_Dunne Richard_Dunne Alan_Dunne Paul_Dunne_(golfer) J._W._Dunne Dunne Philip_Dunne_(Stalybridge_and_Hyde_MP) Tony_Dunne Mike_Dunne_(baseball) Ross_Dunne Edward_Fitzsimmons_Dunne Philip_Dunne_(Ludlow_MP) John_Gregory_Dunne Edward_Marten_Dunne
United States
United_States United_States_men's_national_soccer_team United_States_men's_national_ice_hockey_team United_States_women's_national_soccer_team United_States_national_rugby_union_team American_poetry United_States_men's_national_junior_ice_hockey_team United_States_Soccer_Federation Secondary_education_in_the_United_States Recording_Industry_Association_of_America United_States_men's_national_basketball_team United_States_Davis_Cup_team United_States_national_cricket_team Cinema_of_the_United_States Education_in_the_United_States Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States
Egypt
Egypt Egypt_national_football_team Ancient_Egypt Egypt_(Roman_province) Kingdom_of_Egypt Egypt_Eyalet Egypt_in_the_Middle_Ages Egyptian_Football_Association Ptolemaic_Kingdom Egypt_national_basketball_team Khedivate_of_Egypt History_of_ancient_Egypt Egypt_national_handball_team Egypt_Fed_Cup_team Egypt_women's_national_squash_team Egyptian_revolution_of_2011
Egyptian
Obama
Barack_Obama Obama,_Fukui Presidency_of_Barack_Obama Obama,_Nagasaki Obama_Domain List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Barack_Obama Obama_(genus) Barack_Obama_presidential_campaign,_2008 Barack_Obama_Academy_of_International_Studies_6-12 Confirmations_of_Barack_Obama's_Cabinet
Egypt
Egypt Egypt_national_football_team Ancient_Egypt Egypt_(Roman_province) Kingdom_of_Egypt Egypt_Eyalet Egypt_in_the_Middle_Ages Egyptian_Football_Association Ptolemaic_Kingdom Egypt_national_basketball_team Khedivate_of_Egypt History_of_ancient_Egypt Egypt_national_handball_team Egypt_Fed_Cup_team Egypt_women's_national_squash_team Egyptian_revolution_of_2011
Egypt
Egypt Egypt_national_football_team Ancient_Egypt Egypt_(Roman_province) Kingdom_of_Egypt Egypt_Eyalet Egypt_in_the_Middle_Ages Egyptian_Football_Association Ptolemaic_Kingdom Egypt_national_basketball_team Khedivate_of_Egypt History_of_ancient_Egypt Egypt_national_handball_team Egypt_Fed_Cup_team Egypt_women's_national_squash_team Egyptian_revolution_of_2011
Dunne
James_Dunne Casey_Dunne Richard_Dunne Alan_Dunne Paul_Dunne_(golfer) J._W._Dunne Dunne Philip_Dunne_(Stalybridge_and_Hyde_MP) Tony_Dunne Mike_Dunne_(baseball) Ross_Dunne Edward_Fitzsimmons_Dunne Philip_Dunne_(Ludlow_MP) John_Gregory_Dunne Edward_Marten_Dunne
Internet
Internet Internet_radio Streaming_television Internet_service_provider Internet_access World_Wide_Web Cable_Internet_access Internet_protocol_suite Internet_culture Internet_Party_(New_Zealand) Internet_pornography Internet_art Dot-com_company Top_Internet_Albums Webcomic Online_banking
Internet
Internet Internet_radio Streaming_television Internet_service_provider Internet_access World_Wide_Web Cable_Internet_access Internet_protocol_suite Internet_culture Internet_Party_(New_Zealand) Internet_pornography Internet_art Dot-com_company Top_Internet_Albums Webcomic Online_banking
Dunne
James_Dunne Casey_Dunne Richard_Dunne Alan_Dunne Paul_Dunne_(golfer) J._W._Dunne Dunne Philip_Dunne_(Stalybridge_and_Hyde_MP) Tony_Dunne Mike_Dunne_(baseball) Ross_Dunne Edward_Fitzsimmons_Dunne Philip_Dunne_(Ludlow_MP) John_Gregory_Dunne Edward_Marten_Dunne
Egypt
Egypt Egypt_national_football_team Ancient_Egypt Egypt_(Roman_province) Kingdom_of_Egypt Egypt_Eyalet Egypt_in_the_Middle_Ages Egyptian_Football_Association Ptolemaic_Kingdom Egypt_national_basketball_team Khedivate_of_Egypt History_of_ancient_Egypt Egypt_national_handball_team Egypt_Fed_Cup_team Egypt_women's_national_squash_team Egyptian_revolution_of_2011
President
Mubarak
Hosni_Mubarak Mubarak_(name) Mubarak_Wakaso History_of_Egypt_under_Hosni_Mubarak Taqi_Mubarak_Al-Siyabi Mubarak_Ghanim Jehan_Mubarak
Israel
Israel Israel_national_football_team Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria) Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Israel Unregistered_cohabitation_in_Israel Israeli_Basketball_Premier_League Israel_national_under-21_football_team Israel_Football_Association Israelites Land_of_Israel Israel_Fed_Cup_team Israel_national_basketball_team Israel_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest Israel_national_cricket_team History_of_ancient_Israel_and_Judah Israel_Davis_Cup_team
Tamir Sheafer
Hebrew University
Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem
Jerusalem
Jerusalem Jerusalem_in_Christianity And_did_those_feet_in_ancient_time Jerusalem_(play) Kingdom_of_Jerusalem Battle_of_Jerusalem Jérusalem Greek_Orthodox_Church_of_Jerusalem Jerusalem,_New_York Jerusalem_(Swedish_band) Greek_Orthodox_Patriarch_of_Jerusalem Jerusalem_Governorate King_of_Jerusalem Jerusalem_(hymn) Jerusalem_(1996_film) Jerusalem_The_Emanation_of_the_Giant_Albion
Egypt
Egypt Egypt_national_football_team Ancient_Egypt Egypt_(Roman_province) Kingdom_of_Egypt Egypt_Eyalet Egypt_in_the_Middle_Ages Egyptian_Football_Association Ptolemaic_Kingdom Egypt_national_basketball_team Khedivate_of_Egypt History_of_ancient_Egypt Egypt_national_handball_team Egypt_Fed_Cup_team Egypt_women's_national_squash_team Egyptian_revolution_of_2011
2008
Sheafer
Sheafer
Sheafer
Egypt
Egypt Egypt_national_football_team Ancient_Egypt Egypt_(Roman_province) Kingdom_of_Egypt Egypt_Eyalet Egypt_in_the_Middle_Ages Egyptian_Football_Association Ptolemaic_Kingdom Egypt_national_basketball_team Khedivate_of_Egypt History_of_ancient_Egypt Egypt_national_handball_team Egypt_Fed_Cup_team Egypt_women's_national_squash_team Egyptian_revolution_of_2011
2008
Sheafer
Egypt
Egypt Egypt_national_football_team Ancient_Egypt Egypt_(Roman_province) Kingdom_of_Egypt Egypt_Eyalet Egypt_in_the_Middle_Ages Egyptian_Football_Association Ptolemaic_Kingdom Egypt_national_basketball_team Khedivate_of_Egypt History_of_ancient_Egypt Egypt_national_handball_team Egypt_Fed_Cup_team Egypt_women's_national_squash_team Egyptian_revolution_of_2011
Iran
Iran Iran_national_football_team Pahlavi_dynasty Football_Federation_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran Iran_national_futsal_team Iran_national_basketball_team Iran_national_cerebral_palsy_football_team Qajar_dynasty Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Volleyball_Federation Iran_men's_national_volleyball_team Iran_national_beach_soccer_team Iran_Fed_Cup_team Cinema_of_Iran Greater_Iran Football_in_Iran List_of_non-marine_molluscs_of_Iran
Thailand
Thailand Thailand_national_football_team Football_Association_of_Thailand Thailand_women's_national_football_team List_of_non-marine_molluscs_of_Thailand Thailand_at_the_2005_Southeast_Asian_Games Thai_cuisine Thailand_national_badminton_team Thailand_Open_(badminton) Cinema_of_Thailand Thailand_women's_national_cricket_team Thailand_Volleyball_Association Thailand_national_under-23_football_team Thailand_Fed_Cup_team Thailand_national_futsal_team Football_in_Thailand
China
China China_national_football_team Republic_of_China_(1912–1949) China_women's_national_football_team Qing_dynasty Chinese_Basketball_Association A1_Team_China Cinema_of_China China_men's_national_basketball_team History_of_China China_national_badminton_team Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_China Taiwan Chinese_Football_Association Porcelain China_national_baseball_team
Sheafer
Iran
Iran Iran_national_football_team Pahlavi_dynasty Football_Federation_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran Iran_national_futsal_team Iran_national_basketball_team Iran_national_cerebral_palsy_football_team Qajar_dynasty Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Volleyball_Federation Iran_men's_national_volleyball_team Iran_national_beach_soccer_team Iran_Fed_Cup_team Cinema_of_Iran Greater_Iran Football_in_Iran List_of_non-marine_molluscs_of_Iran
Sheafer
Iran
Iran Iran_national_football_team Pahlavi_dynasty Football_Federation_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran Iran_national_futsal_team Iran_national_basketball_team Iran_national_cerebral_palsy_football_team Qajar_dynasty Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Volleyball_Federation Iran_men's_national_volleyball_team Iran_national_beach_soccer_team Iran_Fed_Cup_team Cinema_of_Iran Greater_Iran Football_in_Iran List_of_non-marine_molluscs_of_Iran
Thailand
Thailand Thailand_national_football_team Football_Association_of_Thailand Thailand_women's_national_football_team List_of_non-marine_molluscs_of_Thailand Thailand_at_the_2005_Southeast_Asian_Games Thai_cuisine Thailand_national_badminton_team Thailand_Open_(badminton) Cinema_of_Thailand Thailand_women's_national_cricket_team Thailand_Volleyball_Association Thailand_national_under-23_football_team Thailand_Fed_Cup_team Thailand_national_futsal_team Football_in_Thailand
China
China China_national_football_team Republic_of_China_(1912–1949) China_women's_national_football_team Qing_dynasty Chinese_Basketball_Association A1_Team_China Cinema_of_China China_men's_national_basketball_team History_of_China China_national_badminton_team Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_China Taiwan Chinese_Football_Association Porcelain China_national_baseball_team
Egypt
Egypt Egypt_national_football_team Ancient_Egypt Egypt_(Roman_province) Kingdom_of_Egypt Egypt_Eyalet Egypt_in_the_Middle_Ages Egyptian_Football_Association Ptolemaic_Kingdom Egypt_national_basketball_team Khedivate_of_Egypt History_of_ancient_Egypt Egypt_national_handball_team Egypt_Fed_Cup_team Egypt_women's_national_squash_team Egyptian_revolution_of_2011
2008
China
China China_national_football_team Republic_of_China_(1912–1949) China_women's_national_football_team Qing_dynasty Chinese_Basketball_Association A1_Team_China Cinema_of_China China_men's_national_basketball_team History_of_China China_national_badminton_team Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_China Taiwan Chinese_Football_Association Porcelain China_national_baseball_team
Sheafer
Middle East
Middle_East Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II Middle_Eastern_theatre_of_World_War_I Middle_East_Command Middle_Eastern_cuisine The_Middle_East_(nightclub) History_of_the_Middle_East Boomerang_(Middle_East_and_Africa) Western_Asia RAF_Middle_East_Command Middle_East,_Baltimore Ancient_Near_East Arab_Colombians Syria–Lebanon_Campaign Bangladeshis_in_the_Middle_East Middle_Eastern_studies
Sheafer
Libya
Libya Libya_national_football_team Italian_Libya Ancient_Libya Kingdom_of_Libya Libyan_Football_Federation Libyan_Civil_War_(2011) History_of_Libya_under_Muammar_Gaddafi Libyan_Arab_Jamahiriya Libya_(mythology) Great_Socialist_People's_Libyan_Arab_Jamahiriya History_of_the_Jews_in_Libya Libyan_Civil_War_(2014–present) Flag_of_Libya Libya_national_basketball_team Libyan_Arab_Republic
Yemen
Yemen Yemen_national_football_team Mutawakkilite_Kingdom_of_Yemen Yemen_Football_Association Yemenite_Jews Yemen_Eyalet Yemeni_Revolution Flag_of_Yemen Yemen_Vilayet Football_in_Yemen LGBT_rights_in_Yemen Yemen_Arab_Republic Yemeni_Civil_War_(2015–present) North_Yemen Yemeni_Air_Force Republic_of_Yemen_Armed_Forces
Bahrain
Bahrain Bahrain_national_football_team Bahrain_Football_Association State_of_Bahrain Bahrain_International_Circuit Bahrain_SC Bahrain_national_cricket_team 2013_Bahrain_Grand_Prix Football_in_Bahrain 2007_Bahrain_Grand_Prix 2006_Bahrain_Grand_Prix 2010_Bahrain_Grand_Prix 2015_Bahrain_Grand_Prix 2016_Bahrain_Grand_Prix Bahrain_Grand_Prix 2012_Bahrain_Grand_Prix
Jordan
Jordan Jordan_Grand_Prix Jordan_national_football_team Karl_Jordan Jordan_River Michael_Jordan David_Starr_Jordan Jordan_Football_Association Jordan,_Minnesota Joe_Jordan Katie_Price Jordan,_Hong_Kong List_of_years_in_Jordan Jordan_women's_national_football_team DeAndre_Jordan Jordan_national_basketball_team
Saudi Arabia
Saudi_Arabia Saudi_Arabia_national_football_team Saudi_Arabian_Football_Federation Saudi_Arabia_national_cricket_team Football_in_Saudi_Arabia Armed_forces_of_Saudi_Arabia Saudi_Arabia_national_under-23_football_team Saudi_Arabia_national_under-17_football_team Saudi_Aramco_Residential_Camp_in_Dhahran Energy_in_Saudi_Arabia Saudi_Professional_League Saudi_Arabia_national_under-20_football_team Saudi_Arabia_national_handball_team LGBT_rights_in_Saudi_Arabia Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia Saudi_Arabia_at_the_Olympics
Morocco
Morocco Morocco_national_football_team Royal_Moroccan_Football_Federation Morocco_(film) Morocco_national_rugby_union_team French_protectorate_in_Morocco Morocco_national_rugby_league_team Morocco_Davis_Cup_team Morocco,_Indiana Morocco_national_basketball_team Spanish_protectorate_in_Morocco History_of_Morocco Morocco_Fed_Cup_team Football_in_Morocco Morocco_women's_national_football_team Morocco_national_under-20_football_team
Sheafer
Author: Michael Knigge Editor: Rob Mudge
United States
United_States
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
Washington
Washington,_D.C.
meta::redo topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe2 type::location
Egypt
Egypt
slot::in slot::keyword topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
White House
White_House
iptc::11000000 slot::keyword topic::politics type::entity type::facility type::location type::politics_facility
Hosni Mubarak
Hosni_Mubarak
gender::male iptc::11000000 slot::keyword topic::politics type::entity type::head_of_state type::person type::politician
Barack Obama
Barack_Obama
gender::male iptc::11000000 topic::politics type::entity type::head_of_state type::person type::politician
Tamir Sheafer
gender::male iptc::13000000 topic::science type::entity type::person type::researcher
Michele Dunne
gender::female iptc::11000000 topic::politics type::entity type::person type::politics_per
Tunis
Tunis
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe2 type::location
Cairo
Cairo
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe2 type::location
Western
Western_world
topic::none type::loc-x type::other
Tunisian
topic::none type::gpe0-x type::other
President
topic::none type::role type::value
Ben Ali
Zine_El_Abidine_Ben_Ali
gender::male iptc::11000000 topic::politics type::entity type::head_of_state type::person type::politician
Middle East
Middle_East
topic::none type::entity type::location type::regio
Vice President
topic::none type::role type::value
Joe Biden
Joe_Biden
gender::male iptc::11000000 topic::politics type::entity type::person type::politician
CIA
Central_Intelligence_Agency
iptc::11000000 topic::politics type::agency type::entity type::governmental_organisation type::organization
Congress
United_States_Congress
iptc::11000000 topic::politics type::agency type::entity type::governmental_organisation type::organization
Leon Panetta
Leon_Panetta
gender::male iptc::11000000 topic::politics type::entity type::person type::politics_per
James Clapper
James_Clapper
gender::male iptc::11000000 topic::politics type::entity type::gov_per type::person
Muslim Brotherhood
Muslim_Brotherhood
iptc::12000000 topic::religion type::entity type::organization type::religion_org
February 4
topic::none type::time type::value
New York Times
The_New_York_Times
topic::media type::entity type::media type::organization
August 2010
topic::none type::time type::value
Presidential Study Directive
iptc::11000000 topic::politics type::entity type::misc type::report
Working Group
iptc::11000000 topic::politics type::entity type::organization type::policy_institute
Secretary of State
topic::none type::role type::value
Hillary Clinton
Hillary_Clinton
gender::female iptc::11000000 topic::politics type::entity type::person type::politician
Robert Kagan
Robert_Kagan
gender::male iptc::11000000 topic::politics type::entity type::person type::politics_per
Washington Post
The_Washington_Post
topic::media type::entity type::media type::organization
June 2010
topic::none type::time type::value
State Department
United_States_Department_of_State
iptc::11000000 topic::politics type::entity type::governmental_organisation type::ministry type::organization
Deutsche Welle
Deutsche_Welle
topic::media type::entity type::media type::organization
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Carnegie_Endowment_for_International_Peace
iptc::11000000 topic::politics type::entity type::organization type::policy_institute
Arab Reform Bulletin
meta::redo topic::media type::entity type::media type::organization
Egyptian
topic::none type::gpe0-x type::other
Internet
Internet
iptc::13000000 topic::science type::entity type::misc type::technology
Israel
Israel
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
Hebrew University
Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem
iptc::13000000 topic::science type::entity type::organization type::research_center
Jerusalem
Jerusalem
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe2 type::location
2008
topic::none type::time type::value
Iran
Iran
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
Thailand
Thailand
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
China
China
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
Libya
Libya
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
Yemen
Yemen
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
Bahrain
Bahrain
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
Jordan
Jordan
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
Saudi Arabia
Saudi_Arabia
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
Morocco
Morocco
topic::none type::entity type::gpe type::gpe0 type::location
Author: Michael Knigge Editor: Rob Mudge
topic::none type::footer type::other
Tunisia
Tunesia
Germany