the netherlands became a constitutional monarchy on 16 march 1815.
the netherlands became a constitutional monarchy on 16 march 1815.
when did the netherlands became a constitutional monarchy?
16 march 1815
the netherlands became a constitutional monarchy in 1806, after french emperor napoleon appointed his younger brother louis bonaparte as vassal king over the kingdom of holland, that replaced the batavian commonwealth. after a brief annexation by france, in which napoleon ruled directly over the netherlands (1810–1813), william frederick of orange returned to restore his dynasty following napoleon's defeat at the battle of leipzig. the anti-french reactionary and orangist ambiance amongst the dutch populace, and the military forces of the conservative sixth coalition that occupied the low countries, allowed him first to establish the sovereign principality of the united netherlands (1813–1815), a constitutional monarchy. during the congress of vienna, in which the european courts designed the restoration, william lobbied successfully to unite the territories of the former dutch republic and austrian netherlands under his rule (confirmed by the eight articles of london). next, he seized the opportunity of napoleon's return to assume the title of king william i of the united kingdom of the netherlands on 16 march 1815 (confirmed by the final act of the congress of vienna on 9 june). his authority as an enlightened despot stretched much further now than it had even been under his stadtholder ancestors during the dutch republic. after the belgian revolution in 1830, the power of the orange-nassau family was again restricted to the northern netherlands, and the house of representatives gradually gained influence through a series of constitutional reforms.
republicanism in the netherlands
bullet::::- ankole (c. 1800 – 1901; became subnational monarchy of uganda)









































bullet::::- french empire (1804–1814; became constitutional monarchy; brief restoration in 1815)









































bullet::::- austrian empire (1804–1867; became austro-hungarian empire)









































bullet::::- kingdom of holland (1806–1810; within france; became constitutional monarchy)









































bullet::::- kingdom of hungary (1806–1867; became austro-hungarian empire)









































bullet::::- principality of liechtenstein (1806–1862; became constitutional monarchy)









































bullet::::- kingdom of hawaii (1810–1840; became constitutional monarchy)









































bullet::::- kingdom of poland (1815–1865; within russian empire; absorbed by russian empire)









































bullet::::- kingdom of brazil (1816–1822; became constitutional monarchy)









































bullet::::- kingdom of lesotho (1818–1868; became subnational monarchy of the united kingdom)
list of monarchies