fluorine is the most electronegative atom on the periodic table.
fluorine is the most electronegative atom on the periodic table.
what is the most electronegative atom on the periodic table?
fluorine
a neutral hydrogen atom consists of one electron and one proton. hydrogen's electronegativity value of 2.2 is less than the electronegativity of the atoms that hydrogen is commonly bound to, such as oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, or fluorine. when a hydrogen atom forms a covalent bond with a more electronegative atom, the more electronegative atom will have a greater affinity for the electrons and pull the electrons away from hydrogen. when a highly electronegative atom binds to a hydrogen atom it is reduced because it gains the electrons involved in the covalent bond. conversely, when an atom loses a hydrogen atom it is oxidized because it loses electrons. for example, consider the reaction involving flavin adenine dinucleotide (fad) and succinate. in this reaction fad is reduced to fadh2 because it accepts two hydrogen atoms from succinate. succinate serves as the reducing equivalent because it donates electrons to fad in the form of hydrogen atoms and is itself oxidized.
reducing equivalent
a hydrogen atom attached to a relatively electronegative atom is the hydrogen bond "donor". c-h bonds only participate in hydrogen bonding when the carbon atom is bound to electronegative substituents, as is the case in chloroform, chcl. in a hydrogen bond, the electronegative atom not covalently attached to the hydrogen is named proton acceptor, whereas the one covalently bound to the hydrogen is named the proton donor. in the donor molecule, the h center is protic. the donor is a lewis base. hydrogen bonds are represented as h···y system, where the dots represent the hydrogen bond. liquids that display hydrogen bonding (such as water) are called associated liquids.
hydrogen bond