pap smear test is used in diagnosis of cervical cancer.
pap smear test is used in diagnosis of cervical cancer.
pap smear test is used in diagnosis of?
cervical cancer
the papanicolaou test (abbreviated as pap test, also known as pap smear, cervical smear, cervical screening or smear test) is a method of cervical screening used to detect potentially precancerous and cancerous processes in the cervix (opening of the uterus or womb). abnormal findings are often followed up by more sensitive diagnostic procedures and if warranted, interventions that aim to prevent progression to cervical cancer. the test was independently invented in the 1920s by dr. georgios papanikolaou and dr. aurel babeș and named after papanikolaou. a simplified version of the test was introduced by anna marion hilliard in 1957.
pap test
anal pap smear









































an anal pap smear is the anal counterpart of the cervical pap smear. it is used for the early detection of anal cancer. some types of human papillomavirus (hpv) can cause anal cancer. other hpv types cause anogenital warts. cigarette smokers, men who have sex with men, individuals with a history of immunosuppression (such as in hiv infection) and women with a history of cervical, vaginal and vulval cancer are at increased risk of getting anal cancer. vaccination against hpv before initial sexual exposure can reduce the risk of anal cancer.









































section::::indications.
anal pap smear