atal bihari vajpayee was india's prime minister when its first nuclear test were conducted.
atal bihari vajpayee was india's prime minister when its first nuclear test were conducted.
who was india's prime minister when its first nuclear test were conducted?
atal bihari vajpayee
in may 1998, india conducted five underground nuclear tests in the pokhran desert in rajasthan, 24 years after its first nuclear test (smiling buddha) in 1974. two weeks later, pakistan responded with its own nuclear tests making it the newest nation with declared nuclear capability. while some nations, such as france, endorsed india's right to defensive nuclear power, others including the united states, canada, japan, britain and the european union imposed sanctions on information, resources and technology to india. in spite of intense international criticism and steady decline in foreign investment and trade, the nuclear tests were popular domestically. in effect, the international sanctions imposed failed to sway india from weaponising its nuclear capability. us sanctions against india and pakistan were eventually lifted after just six months.
atal bihari vajpayee
research into the development of nuclear weapons was initially undertaken during world war ii by the united states (in cooperation with the united kingdom and canada), germany, japan, and the ussr. the united states was the first and is the only country to have used a nuclear weapon in war, when it used two bombs against japan in august 1945. after surrendering to end the war, germany and japan ceased to be involved in any nuclear weapon research. in august 1949, the ussr tested a nuclear weapon, becoming the second country to detonate a nuclear bomb. the united kingdom first tested a nuclear weapon in october 1952. france first tested a nuclear weapon in 1960. the people's republic of china detonated a nuclear weapon in 1964. india conducted its first nuclear test in 1974, which prompted pakistan to develop its own nuclear program and, when india conducted a second series of nuclear tests in 1998, pakistan followed with a series of tests of its own. in 2006, north korea conducted its first nuclear test.
nuclear proliferation