the concept of fundamental duties of indian constitution was borrowed from great britain.
the concept of fundamental duties of indian constitution was borrowed from great britain.
the concept of fundamental duties of indian constitution was borrowed from which country?
great britain
in 1928, the nehru commission composing of representatives of indian political parties proposed constitutional reforms for india that apart from calling for dominion status for india and elections under universal suffrage, would guarantee rights deemed fundamental, representation for religious and ethnic minorities, and limit the powers of the government. in 1931, the indian national congress (the largest indian political party of the time) adopted resolutions committing itself to the defence of fundamental civil rights, as well as socio-economic rights such as the minimum wage and the abolition of untouchability and serfdom. committing themselves to socialism in 1936, the congress leaders took examples from the constitution of the soviet union, which inspired the fundamental duties of citizens as a means of collective patriotic responsibility for national interests and challenges.
fundamental rights in india
the of citizens were added to the constitution by the 42nd amendment in 1976, upon the recommendations of the swaran singh committee that was constituted by the government earlier that year. originally ten in number, the fundamental duties were increased to eleven by the 86th amendment in 2002, which added a duty on every parent or guardian to ensure that their child or ward was provided opportunities for education between the ages of six and fourteen years. the other fundamental duties obligate all citizens to respect the national symbols of india, including the constitution, to cherish its heritage, preserve its composite culture and assist in its defence. they also obligate all indians to promote the spirit of common brotherhood, protect the environment and public property, develop scientific temper, abjure violence, and strive towards excellence in all spheres of life. in case of violation of fundamental duties enshrined in the constitution by a citizen including president, vice president, speaker, parliament members, state legislative members, etc., it amounts to contempt of the constitution which is punishable under prevention of insults to national honour act, 1971. supreme court has ruled that these fundamental duties can also help the court to decide the constitutionality of a law passed by the legislature. there is reference to such duties in international instruments such as the universal declaration of human rights and international covenant on civil and political rights, and article 51a brings the indian constitution into conformity with these treaties.
fundamental rights, directive principles and fundamental duties of india