final maturation of a sperm cell occurs in testes.
final maturation of a sperm cell occurs in testes.
in which kind of cell does final maturation of a sperm cell occur?
testes
besides expressing factors that are crucial for sperm cell maturation, sertoli cells are producing a wide range of molecules (either on their surface or soluble) that are able to modify the immune system (is). the ability of sertoli cells to change the immune response in the tubule is needed for successful sperm cell maturation. sperm cells are expressing neoepitopes on their surface as they progress through different stages of maturation. they can trigger a strong immune response if placed in a different site of the body.









































section::::immunomodulatory properties of sertoli cells.:molecules produced by sertoli cells associated with immunosupression or immunoregulation.
sertoli cell
the method for smgt uses the sperm cell, a natural vector of genetic material, to transport exogenous dna. the exogenous dna molecules bind to the cell membrane of the head of the sperm cell. this binding and internalization of the dna is not a random event. the exogenous dna interacts with the dna-binding proteins (dbps) that are present on the surface of the sperm cell. spermatozoa are naturally protected against the intrusion of exogenous dna molecules by an inhibitory factor present in mammals’ seminal fluid. this factor blocks the binding of sperm cells and exogenous dna because in the presence of the inhibitory factor, dbps lose their ability to bind to exogenous dna. in the absence of this inhibitory factor, dbps on sperm cells are able to interact with dna and can then translocate the dna into the cell. therefore, the seminal fluid must be removed from the sperm samples by extensive washing immediately after ejaculation. after the dna is internalized, the exogenous dna must be integrated into the genome. there are various mechanisms suggested for dna integration, including integrating dna at oocyte activation, at nucleus decondensation, or at the formation of the pronulcei, but all of these suggested mechanisms imply that the integration of dna happens after the penetration of the sperm cell into the oocyte.
sperm-mediated gene transfer