ct is produced by the parathyroid glands cells of the thyroid gland.
ct is produced by the parathyroid glands cells of the thyroid gland.
ct is produced by which cells of the thyroid gland?
parathyroid glands
the plasma ionized calcium (ca) concentration is very tightly controlled by a pair of homeostatic mechanisms. the sensor for the first one is situated in the parathyroid glands, where the chief cells sense the ca level by means of specialized calcium receptors in their membranes. the sensors for the second are the parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland. the parathyroid chief cells secrete parathyroid hormone (pth) in response to a fall in the plasma ionized calcium level; the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland secrete calcitonin in response to a rise in the plasma ionized calcium level.
homeostasis
the thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary, or adrenal glands, and the pancreas are parts of the endocrine system, and, therefore are associated with the endocrine bone disease. some common endocrine disorders are hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, paget’s disease, osteoporosis, and diabetes. the thyroid gland produces thyroxin (t3, and t4) which is necessary for normal development of the nervous system. its functions include: promoting growth, increasing basal metabolic rate and controlling body temperature. adequate iodine intake is necessary for the production of thyroid hormone. according to payton r. g. et al., a common disorder of the thyroid gland is hypothyroidism, which is more prevalent in women than in men. symptoms of hypothyroidism include cold intolerance, weight gain, fatigue, anemia, difficulty concentrating, amenorrhea, bradycardia (low heart rate) and goiter. another hormone that is secreted by para follicular cells of the thyroid gland is calcitonin. calcitonin works in an antagonistic fashion with parathyroid hormone (pth): both regulate the level of calcium in the blood. blood calcium level is tightly regulated by these two hormones. the cells of our bone that is involved in bone formation and bone breakdown is osteoblast and osteoclast respectively. osteoclasts are cells of bones that promote bone demineralization or bone resorption. in contrast, osteoblast promotes calcium absorption by the bone therefore, promoting bone mineralization and formation of new bones. thus calcitonin activates osteoblasts, therefore decrease blood calcium levels by decreasing bone breakdown (resorption) by inhibiting osteoclast. whereas, pth activates osteoclast and thereby increases blood calcium. the hormone produced by the thyroid gland has big impact on bone density, blood calcium levee. abnormalities of the thyroid gland impact bone disease such as osteoporosis, a condition that is common in women but men can be diagnosed with this silent disease as well as it mainly affects elderly individual.
endocrine bone disease