photosphere is the name of the surface of the sun.
photosphere is the name of the surface of the sun.
what is the name of the surface of the sun?
photosphere
the strong interaction of the magnetic field with the dense plasma on and below the sun's surface tends to cause the magnetic field lines to be "tied" to the motion of the sun's gas, so the two 'footpoints' where the loop enters the photosphere are anchored to the sun's surface, and rotate with the surface. within each footpoint, the strong magnetic flux tends to inhibit the convection currents which carry hot gas from the sun's interior to the surface, so the footpoints are often (but not always) cooler than the surrounding photosphere. these appear as dark spots on the sun's surface; sunspots. thus sunspots tend to come in pairs of opposite magnetic polarity; a point where the magnetic field loop emerges from the photosphere is a north magnetic pole, and the other where the loop enters the surface again is a south magnetic pole.
coronal loop
in the long term, the greatest changes in the solar system will come from changes in the sun itself as it ages. as the sun burns through its supply of hydrogen fuel, it gets hotter and burns the remaining fuel even faster. as a result, the sun is growing brighter at a rate of ten percent every 1.1 billion years. in about 600 million years, the sun brightness will have disrupted the carbon cycle to the point that trees and forests (c3 photosynthetic plant life) will no longer be able to survive and in around 800 million years, the sun will have killed all complex life on the earth's surface and in the oceans. in 1.1 billion years' time, the sun's increased radiation output will cause its circumstellar habitable zone to move outwards, making the earth's surface too hot for liquid water to exist there naturally. at this point, all life will be reduced to single celled organisms. evaporation of water, a potent greenhouse gas, from the oceans' surface could accelerate temperature increase, potentially ending all life on earth even sooner. during this time, it is possible that as mars's surface temperature gradually rises, carbon dioxide and water currently frozen under the surface regolith will release into the atmosphere, creating a greenhouse effect that will heat the planet until it achieves conditions parallel to earth today, providing a potential future abode for life. by 3.5 billion years from now, earth's surface conditions will be similar to those of venus today.
formation and evolution of the solar system