validity is the degree to which a test actually measures what it supposed to measure.
validity is the degree to which a test actually measures what it supposed to measure.
the degree to which a test actually measures what it supposed to measure?
validity
face validity is an estimate of whether a test appears to measure a certain criterion; it does not guarantee that the test actually measures phenomena in that domain. measures may have high validity, but when the test does not appear to be measuring what it is, it has low face validity. indeed, when a test is subject to faking (malingering), low face validity might make the test more valid. considering one may get more honest answers with lower face validity, it is sometimes important to make it appear as though there is low face validity whilst administering the measures.
validity (statistics)
like other projective techniques, the tat has been criticized on the basis of poor psychometric properties (see above). criticisms include that the tat is unscientific because it cannot be proved to be valid (that it actually measures what it claims to measure), or reliable (that it gives consistent results over time). as stories about the cards are a reflection of both the conscious and unconscious motives of the storyteller, it is difficult to disprove the conclusions of the examiner and to find appropriate behavioral measures that would represent the personality traits under examination. characteristics of the tat that make conclusions based on the stories yielded from tat cards hard to be disproved have been termed "immunizing tactics." these characteristics include the walter mitty effect (i.e., the assertion that individuals will exhibit high levels of a given trait in tat stories that do not match their overt behavior because tat responses may represent how a person wishes they were, not how they truly are) and the inhibition effect (i.e., the assertion that individuals will "not" exhibit high levels of a trait in tat responses because they are repressing that trait). in addition, as the present needs of the storyteller change over time, it is not expected that later stories will produce the same results.
thematic apperception test