nicolaus copernicus first made a mathematical model that our universe is heliocentric the planets of the solar system revolve around the sun.
nicolaus copernicus first made a mathematical model that our universe is heliocentric the planets of the solar system revolve around the sun.
who first made a mathematical model that our universe is heliocentric the planets of the solar system revolve around the sun?
nicolaus copernicus
for many thousands of years, astronomers maintained a geocentric world view and did not recognize the existence of a solar system. most believed earth was stationary at the center of the universe and categorically different from the divine or ethereal objects that moved through the sky. although the greek philosopher aristarchus of samos had speculated on a heliocentric reordering of the cosmos, nicolaus copernicus in the 16th century developed a mathematically predictive heliocentric system. his 17th-century successors, galileo galilei, johannes kepler, and isaac newton, developed a modern understanding of physics that led to the gradual acceptance of the idea that earth moves around the sun and that the planets are governed by the same physical laws that govern earth. in more recent times, this led to the investigation of geological phenomena such as mountains and craters and seasonal meteorological phenomena such as clouds, dust storms, and ice caps on the other planets.
discovery and exploration of the solar system
it is conceptually a geocentric model: the earth is at the centre of the universe, the sun and moon and the stars revolve around the earth, and the other five planets revolve around the sun. 









































at the same time, the motions of the planets are mathematically equivalent to the motions in copernicus' heliocentric system under a simple coordinate transformation, so that, as long as no force law is postulated to explain "why" the planets move as described, there is no mathematical reason to prefer either the tychonic or the copernican system.









































section::::motivation for the tychonic system.
tychonic system