the civil rights act of 1866 amendment to the constitution contains the equal protection clause.
the civil rights act of 1866 amendment to the constitution contains the equal protection clause.
which amendment to the constitution contains the equal protection clause?
civil rights act of 1866
on february 20, 2019, the supreme court ruled in "timbs v. indiana" that the excessive fines clause of the eighth amendment applied to the states.









































section::::citizenship and civil rights.:equal protection clause.









































the equal protection clause was created largely in response to the lack of equal protection provided by law in states with black codes. under black codes, blacks could not sue, give evidence, or be witnesses. they also were punished more harshly than whites. in 1880, the supreme court stated in "strauder v. west virginia" that the equal protection clause was
fourteenth amendment to the united states constitution
with respect to the state constitution's common benefit clause, the court noted that it was an original component of the 1777 vermont constitution, predating the equal protection clause of the federal constitution's 14th amendment by several decades, that vermont is free to provide rights to its citizens not granted by the federal constitution, and that the application of the common benefit clause has historically been significantly different from the federal courts' application of the equal protection clause. while the federal equal protection clause is typically invoked only under very limited circumstances, the common benefit clause has been read to require that "statutory exclusions from publicly conferred benefits and protections must be 'premised on an appropriate and overriding public interest.'"
baker v. vermont