activated b cells produce plasma cells that are specialized because they are plasmablasts.
activated b cells produce plasma cells that are specialized because they are plasmablasts.
activated b cells produce plasma cells that are specialized because they?
plasmablasts
Na
Na
now activated, b cells participate in a two-step differentiation process that yields both short-lived plasmablasts for immediate protection and long-lived plasma cells and memory b cells for persistent protection. the first step, known as the extrafollicular response, occurs outside lymphoid follicles but still in the slo. during this step activated b cells proliferate, may undergo immunoglobulin class switching, and differentiate into plasmablasts that produce early, weak antibodies mostly of class igm. the second step consists of activated b cells entering a lymphoid follicle and forming a germinal center (gc), which is a specialized microenvironment where b cells undergo extensive proliferation, immunoglobulin class switching, and affinity maturation directed by somatic hypermutation. these processes are facilitated by t cells within the gc and generate both high-affinity memory b cells and long-lived plasma cells. resultant plasma cells secrete large amounts of antibody and either stay within the slo or, more preferentially, migrate to bone marrow.
b cell