ibuprofen became available over the counter in 1983.
ibuprofen became available over the counter in 1983.
when did ibuprofen become available over the counter?
1983
in august 1978, boots applied to have ibuprofen put in general pharmacies, but the committee on safety of medicines (dhss) declined; in april 1982, there was another request by boots. ibuprofen became on sale for general pharmacy (over-the-counter) in 1983, as nurofen. adams said in 2007 "getting the drug approved by the two countries with the toughest regulatory authorities – the uk and the us – was a goal i wanted to achieve. for me, that was the most exciting time of all." nurofen was launched 8 august 1983 by crookes products ltd. ibuprofen went over the counter in the us in june 1984 by the food and drug administration, made by american home products. in america, it was made by whitehall laboratories, known as advil, and also sold as "nuprin".
stewart adams (chemist)
in 2010 smaldone et al., an international research group, synthesized a biocompatible mof termed cd-mof-1 from cheap edible natural products. cd-mof-1 consists of repeating base units of 6 γ-cyclodextrin rings bound together by potassium ions. γ-cyclodextrin (γ-cd) is a symmetrical cyclic oligosaccharide that is mass-produced enzymatically from starch and consists of eight asymmetric α-1,4-linked d-glucopyranosyl residues. the molecular structure of these glucose derivatives, which approximates a truncated cone, bucket, or torus, generates a hydrophilic exterior surface and a nonpolar interior cavity. cyclodextrins can interact with appropriately sized drug molecules to yield an inclusion complex. smaldone's group proposed a cheap and simple synthesis of the cd-mof-1 from natural products. they dissolved sugar (γ-cyclodextrin) and an alkali salt (koh, kcl, potassium benzoate) in distilled bottled water and allowed 190 proof grain alcohol (everclear) to vapor diffuse into the solution for a week. the synthesis resulted in a cubic (γ-cd) repeating motif with a pore size of approximately 1 nm. subsequently, in 2017 hartlieb et al. at northwestern did further research with cd-mof-1 involving the encapsulation of ibuprofen. the group studied different methods of loading the mof with ibuprofen as well as performing related bioavailability studies on the ibuprofen-loaded mof. they investigated two different methods of loading cd-mof-1 with ibuprofen; crystallization using the potassium salt of ibuprofen as the alkali cation source for production of the mof, and absorption and deprotonation of the free-acid of ibuprofen into the mof. from there the group performed in vitro and in vivo studies to determine the applicability of cd-mof-1 as a viable delivery method for ibuprofen and other nsaids. in vitro studies showed no toxicity or effect on cell viability up to 100 μm. in vivo studies in mice showed the same rapid uptake of ibuprofen as the ibuprofen potassium salt control sample with a peak plasma concentration observed within 20 minutes, and the cocrystal has the added benefit of double the half-life in blood plasma samples. the increase in half-life is due to cd-mof-1 increasing the solubility of ibuprofen compared to the pure salt form.
metal–organic framework