the fibrous sac covering of the heart which is in contact with the pleura is the pericardium.
the fibrous sac covering of the heart which is in contact with the pleura is the pericardium.
the fibrous sac covering of the heart which is in contact with the pleura is the?
the pericardium
myopericarditis









































myopericarditis is a combination of both myocarditis and pericarditis appearing in a single individual, namely inflammation of both the pericardium and the heart muscle. it can involve the presence of fluid in the heart. myopericarditis refers primarily to a pericarditis with lesser myocarditis, as opposed to a perimyocarditis, though the two terms are often used interchangeably. both will be reflected on an ecg. myopericarditis usually involves inflammation of the pericardium, or the sac covering the heart.









































the acam2000 smallpox vaccine has been known to cause myopericarditis in some people.
myopericarditis
diffuse pleural thickening (dpt) is non-circumscribed fibrous thickening of the visceral pleura with areas of adherence to the parietal pleura and obliteration of the pleural space. it often extends over the area of an entire lobe or lung, with fibrotic areas involving costophrenic angles, apices, lung bases, and interlobar fissures. the thickness ranges from less than 1 mm up to 1 cm or more and may extend for a few millimeters into the lung parenchyma. fibrous strands (“crow's feet”) extending from the thickened pleura into the lung parenchyma can be often detected on ct scan. diffuse pleural thickening develops 20 to 40 years after first exposure. all types of asbestos can cause diffuse pleural thickening and a dose-related relationship has been described. it is thought that asbestos fibres that reach the pleura induce subpleural fibroblasts and mesothelial cells to produce scar tissue and collagen deposition, resulting in subpleural thickening. pleural plaques often coexist with dpt although the latter is rare compared with pleural plaques. according to the australian surveillance of australian workplace based respiratory events (sabre) scheme, dpt accounted for 22% of all asbestos-related diseases. it usually begins with an inflammation of the pleura that is accompanied by a pleural effusion. most patients complain of exertional breathlessness, however, chest pain has been also associated with this disorder. dpt has a significant impact on pulmonary function, causing a decrease in forced vital capacity, reducing total lung capacity and diffusing capacity. the restrictive impairment is a result of adhesions of the parietal with the visceral pleura as well as possible diaphragmatic involvement. medical imaging is needed for diagnosis of diffuse pleural thickening. the appearance on a postero-anterior chest radiograph is of a continuous, irregular pleural shadowing. in accordance with the international labour organization (2000) classification, diffuse pleural thickening is considered to be present if there is obliteration of the costophrenic angle in continuity with ≥3 mm pleural thickening. ct scanning is more sensitive than chest radiography and can detect early pleural thickening (i.e. 1-2mm in thickness). the most commonly used classification system defines diffuse pleural thickening as a continuous sheet of pleural thickening more than 5 cm wide, more than 8 cm in craniocaudal extent, and more than 3 mm thick. most patients are only mildly impaired by diffuse pleural thickening. treatment options are limited but any new onset or severe pain should be investigated to exclude malignancy. in most compensation systems, patients are eligible for compensation which corresponds to the severity of disability.
asbestos-related diseases