the political and social system that existed in france before the french revolution was called the french first republic.
the political and social system that existed in france before the french revolution was called the french first republic.
the political and social system that existed in france before the french revolution was called the?
french first republic
the ancien régime (french for "old regime") was the political and social system of the kingdom of france from about 1450 until the french revolution that started in 1789. the ancien régime was ruled by the late valois and bourbon dynasties. much of the medieval political centralization of france had been lost in the hundred years' war, and the valois dynasty's attempts at re-establishing control over the scattered political centres of the country were hindered by the huguenot wars (or wars of religion). much of the reigns of henry iv, louis xiii and the early years of louis xiv were focused on administrative centralisation. despite, however, the notion of "absolute monarchy" (typified by the king's right to issue lettres de cachet) and the efforts by the kings to create a centralized state, ancien régime france remained a country of systemic irregularities: administrative (including taxation), legal, judicial, and ecclesiastic divisions and prerogatives frequently overlapped, while the french nobility struggled to maintain their own rights in the matters of local government and justice, and powerful internal conflicts (like the fronde) protested against this centralization.
early modern europe
the french revolution and its political legacy had a major influence upon the development of fascism. fascists view the french revolution as a largely negative event that resulted in the entrenchment of liberal ideas such as liberal democracy, anticlericalism and rationalism. opponents of the french revolution initially were conservatives and reactionaries, but the revolution was also later criticized by marxists for its bourgeois character and racist nationalists who opposed its universalist principles. racist nationalists in particular condemned the french revolution for granting social equality to "inferior races" such as jews. mussolini condemned the french revolution for developing liberalism, scientific socialism and liberal democracy, but also acknowledged that fascism extracted and utilized all the elements that had preserved those ideologies' vitality and that fascism had no desire to restore the conditions that precipitated the french revolution. though fascism opposed core parts of the revolution, fascists supported other aspects of it, mussolini declared his support for the revolution's demolishment of remnants of the middle ages such as tolls and compulsory labour upon citizens and he noted that the french revolution did have benefits in that it had been a cause of the whole french nation and not merely a political party. most importantly, the french revolution was responsible for the entrenchment of nationalism as a political ideology – both in its development in france as french nationalism and in the creation of nationalist movements particularly in germany with the development of german nationalism by johann gottlieb fichte as a political response to the development of french nationalism. the nazis accused the french revolution of being dominated by jews and freemasons and were deeply disturbed by the revolution's intention to completely break france away from its past history in what the nazis claimed was a repudiation of history that they asserted to be a trait of the enlightenment. though the nazis were highly critical of the revolution, hitler in "mein kampf" said that the french revolution is a model for how to achieve change that he claims was caused by the rhetorical strength of demagogues. furthermore, the nazis idealized the "levée en masse" (mass mobilization of soldiers) that was developed by french revolutionary armies and the nazis sought to use the system for their paramilitary movement.
fascism and ideology