soviet union was the first country to put a man in space.
soviet union was the first country to put a man in space.
which country was the first to put a man in space?
soviet union
those opposing the inclusion of women in training as astronauts created an environment where women could seen to possess either the "virtue of patience" or the "vice of impatience" in terms of u.s. success in the space race. the space agenda of president kennedy to put a man on the moon had specific deadlines and scheduled events, promising to accomplish something before the soviet union. sexism in the united states during the 1960s had a large impact on the way that women were allowed to participate in the space program. the notable men who ended up going to the moon were portrayed as heroes by the media, and acted as such when they returned home. however, the women that were the most visible in the space program faced harsh criticism of their work and belonging in space. there were many other women who had little to zero visibility in the public eye that did significant work in the space program. some of those women are highlighted in the movie hidden figures. the names that became popular in american culture for going to the moon were not an exception to the cultural values of the time. the 1960s is included in the second wave of feminism, largely associated with women fighting for their right to be in the work place. john glenn was a role model for girls and boys, alike during this time. there was an increased sense of optimism during this period of time. however, there was still a gap in the way that men and women thought about their heros. for example, glenn was written many fan-mail letters by american civilians. often these letters include comments on his traditionally hetero-normative "masculine" traits, such as bravery and strength. glenn is noted for shying away from the direct support of women in the space program. his testimony in the house hearing on gender discrimination is an example of the fact that he did not think equally of his female counterparts. there isn't much evidence of explicit sexism, however nasa was able to imply that they would not be allowing women into the program at that time. often, nasa's stated reasons for employing people in the space program were certain qualifications, including the ability to employ traditional masculine gender roles. despite the soviet advancement to put the first woman in space in 1963 after yuri gagarin's orbit in 1961, the men who testified at the hearing were unmotivated. any threat to the "patriotic chronology" of the american schedule would be considered an "impediment" or "interruption." women were forced to choose between remaining patient and missing out on substantial opportunities, or be blamed for losing the race.
mercury 13
bullet::::- assyria (code of the assura): some of the laws of the code were: "if a woman, whether the wife of a man or the daughter of a man, utter vulgarity or indulge in low talk, that woman bears her own sin; against her husband, her sons, or her daughter they shall have no claim", "if a woman bring her hand against a man, they shall prosecute her; 30 manas of lead shall she pay, 20 blows shall they inflict on her", "if a woman in a quarrel injure the testicle of a man, one of her fingers they shall cut off. and if a physician bind it up and the other testicle which is beside it be infected thereby, or take harm; or in a quarrel she injure the other testicle, they shall destroy both of her eyes", "if a man bring his hand against the wife of a man, treating her like a little child, and they prove it against him, and convict him, one of his fingers they shall cut off. if he kiss her, his lower lip with the blade of an axe they shall draw down and they shall cut off", "if the wife of a man be walking on the highway, and a man seize her, say to her 'i will surely have intercourse with you,' if she be not willing and defend herself, and he seize her by force and rape her, whether they catch him upon the wife of a man, or whether at the word of the woman whom he has raped, the elders shall prosecute him, they shall put him to death. there is no punishment for the woman", "if the wife of a man go out from her house and visit a man where he lives, and he have intercourse with her, knowing that she is a man's wife, the man and also the woman they shall put to death", "if a man have intercourse with the wife of a man either in an inn or on the highway, knowing that she is a man's wife, according as the man, whose wife she is, orders to be done, they shall do to the adulterer. if not knowing that she is a man's wife he rapes her, the adulterer goes free. the man shall prosecute his wife, doing to her as he likes", "if a man catch a man with his wife, both of them shall they put to death. if the husband of the woman put his wife to death, he shall also put the man to death. if he cut off the nose of his wife, he shall turn the man into a eunuch, and they shall disfigure the whole of his face", "if a man have relations with the wife of a man at her wish, there is no penalty for that man. the man shall lay upon the woman, his wife, the penalty he wishes", "if a man say to his companion, 'they have had intercourse with thy wife; i will prove it,' and he be not able to prove it, and do not prove it, on that man they shall inflict forty blows, a month of days he shall perform the king's work, they shall mutilate him, and one talent of lead he shall pay", "if a man strike the daughter of a man and cause her to drop what is in her, they shall prosecute him, they shall convict him, two talents and thirty manas of lead shall he pay, fifty blows they shall inflict on him, one month shall he toil", "if a woman be dwelling in the house of her father, and her husband have died, any gift which her husband settled upon her—if there be any sons of her husband's, they shall receive it. if there be no sons of her husband's she receives it", "if a woman be dwelling in the house of father, but has been given to her husband, whether she has been taken to the house of her husband or not, all debts, misdemeanors, and crimes of her husband shall she bear as if she too committed them. likewise if she be dwelling with her husband, all crimes of his shall she bear as well", "if a woman, who is a widow, enter into the house of a man, whatsoever she brings with her—all is her husband's. but if a man enter in to a woman, whatsoever he brings—all is the woman's", "if a man divorce his wife, if he wish, he may give her something; if he does not wish, he need not give her anything. empty shall she go out", "if the wives of a man, or the daughters of a man go out into the street, their heads are to be veiled. the prostitute is not to be veiled. maidservants are not to veil themselves. veiled harlots and maidservants shall have their garments seized and 50 blows inflicted on them and bitumen poured on their heads", "if a woman whose husband is dead on the death of her husband do not go out from her house, if her husband did not leave her anything, she shall dwell in the house of one of her sons. the sons of her husband shall support her; her food and her drink, as for a fiancee whom they are courting, they shall agree to provide for her. if she be a second wife, and have no sons of her own, with one of her husband's sons she shall dwell and the group shall support her. if she have sons of her own, her own sons shall support her, and she shall do their work. but if there be one among the sons of her husband who marries her, the other sons need not support her", "if a man strike the wife of a man, in her first stage of pregnancy, and cause her to drop that which is in her, it is a crime; two talents of lead he shall pay", "if a man strike a harlot and cause her to drop that which is in her, blows for blows they shall lay upon him; he shall make restitution for a life", "if a woman of her own accord drop that which is in her, they shall prosecute her, they shall convict her, they shall crucify her, they shall not bury her. if she die from dropping that which is in her, they shall crucify her, they shall not bury her", "if a virgin of her own accord give herself to a man, the man shall take oath, against his wife they shall not draw nigh. threefold the price of a virgin the ravisher shall pay. the father shall do with his daughter what he pleases", and "unless it is forbidden in the tablets, a man may strike his wife, pull her hair, her ear he may bruise or pierce. he commits no misdeed thereby."
timeline of women's legal rights (other than voting) before the 19th century