antónio egas moniz developed the surgical procedure known as a lobotomy.
antónio egas moniz developed the surgical procedure known as a lobotomy.
who developed the surgical procedure known as a lobotomy?
antónio egas moniz
antónio egas moniz









































antónio caetano de abreu freire egas moniz (29 november 1874 – 13 december 1955), known as egas moniz (), was a portuguese neurologist and the developer of cerebral angiography. he is regarded as one of the founders of modern psychosurgery, having developed the surgical procedure "leucotomy"known better today as "lobotomy"for which he became the first portuguese national to receive a nobel prize in 1949 (shared with walter rudolf hess).
antónio egas moniz
following his development of the transorbital lobotomy, freeman traveled across the country visiting mental institutions, performing lobotomies and spreading his views and methods to institution staff. (contrary to myth, there is no evidence that he referred to the van that he traveled in as a "lobotomobile".) freeman's name gained popularity despite the widespread criticism of his methods following a lobotomy on president john f. kennedy's sister rosemary kennedy, which left her with severe mental and physical disability. a memoir written by former patient howard dully, called "my lobotomy" documented his experiences with freeman and his long recovery after undergoing a lobotomy surgery at 12 years of age. walter freeman charged just $25 for each procedure that he performed. after four decades freeman had personally performed as many as 4,000 lobotomy surgeries in 23 states, of which 2,500 used his ice-pick procedure, despite the fact that he had no formal surgical training. in february 1967, freeman performed his final surgery on helen mortensen. up to 40% of freeman's patients were gay individuals subjected to a lobotomy in an attempt to change their homosexual orientation, leaving most of these perfectly healthy individuals severely disabled for the rest of their life. mortensen was a longterm patient and was receiving her third lobotomy from freeman. she died of a cerebral hemorrhage, as did as many as 100 of his other patients, and he was finally banned from performing surgery. his patients often had to be retaught how to eat and use the bathroom. relapses were common, some never recovered, and about 15% died from the procedure. in 1951, one patient at iowa's cherokee mental health institute died when freeman suddenly stopped for a photo during the procedure, and the surgical instrument accidentally penetrated too far into the patient's brain. freeman wore neither gloves nor a mask during these procedures. he lobotomized 19 minors including a 4-year-old child.
walter jackson freeman ii