saint petersburg was the capital of russia before moscow.
saint petersburg was the capital of russia before moscow.
what was the capital of russia before moscow?
saint petersburg
in march 1992, the yeltsin government contracted kroll associates to track down and find very large sums of money that had been removed from the soviet union prior to the august 1991 putsch on the russian white house. in 1992, first deputy prime minister yegor timurovich gaidar said, "last year saw large-scale privatization by the nomenklatura, privatization by officials for their own personal benefit." gaidar called the communists and kgb officials criminals and that a "a vigorous search" for the money trails from state-owned capital had flowed abroad virtually unchecked before the collapse of the soviet union in the summer of 1991. on march 15, 1992, the russian government froze all capital outflows from russia. in april 1992, kroll associates began their investigations with joseph serio heading the kroll associates efforts in moscow. also, joseph rosetti, the vice chairman of kroll associates, was in moscow to assist. the kroll associates determined that more than $14 billion in 1991 real dollars had been transferred from switzerland to new york prior to the august 1991 putsch. also, the communist party of the former soviet union along with other government agencies, such as the kgb, had transferred more than $40 billion in 2014 real dollars out of the country. the assets of the vneshekonombank were frozen during the investigation. however, numerous transactions occurred to bypass the capital flow restrictions often with the british barclays bank in cyprus acting a money laundering center for public officials from saint petersburg and moscow. according to valery makharadze, the government's chief inspector, many joint stock companies were formed to provide an illegal means for capital outflows from russia, such as the leningrad association of joint ventures and kolo. numerous officials became wealthy russian oligarchs including numerous former kgb officials, prominent communists such as oleg belyakov and other former communists who headed the party central committee department that dealt with the defense industry, as well as leonid kravchenko, who was the former head of the state television and radio company. jules kroll, the head of the kroll associates, uncovered hundreds of illicit transactions with massive capital outflows. this outflow of capital from the soviet union and russia directly contributed to severe economic conditions in russia during boris yeltsin's second term, leading to its collapse, and resulting in the age of vladimir putin as the president of russia.
kroll inc.
bullet::::- olympic complex luzhniki swimming pool (moscow, russia)









































bullet::::- ducat place iii (moscow, russia)









































bullet::::- design and construction of a pavillon of moscow exhibition center (moscow, russia)









































bullet::::- balchug office complex (moscow, russia)









































bullet::::- residential complex granatny (moscow, russia)









































bullet::::- most bank office building (moscow, russia)









































bullet::::- tobacco factory for ligget ducat (moscow, russia)









































bullet::::- vnukovo international airport (moscow, russia)









































bullet::::- domodedovo international airport (moscow, russia)









































bullet::::- pedestrian bridge on moskva river (moscow, russia)









































bullet::::- 15 storey residential building for st kapranov ltd (moscow, russia)









































bullet::::- shell & core residential building stolnik (moscow, russia)
rizzani de eccher