to transplant a nucleus from one cell to another cell a scientist would use somatic cell nuclear transfer.
to transplant a nucleus from one cell to another cell a scientist would use somatic cell nuclear transfer.
to transplant a nucleus from one cell to another cell a scientist would use?
somatic cell nuclear transfer
the process of somatic cell nuclear transplant involves two different cells. the first being a female gamete, known as the ovum (egg/oocyte). in human scnt (somatic cell nuclear transfer) experiments, these eggs are obtained through consenting donors, utilizing ovarian stimulation. the second being a somatic cell, referring to the cells of the human body. skin cells, fat cells, and liver cells are only a few examples. the genetic material of the donor egg cell is removed and discarded, leaving it 'deprogrammed.' what is left is a somatic cell and an enucleated egg cell. these are then fused by inserting the somatic cell into the 'empty' ovum. after being inserted into the egg, the somatic cell nucleus is reprogrammed by its host egg cell. the ovum, now containing the somatic cell's nucleus, is stimulated with a shock and will begin to divide. the egg is now viable and capable of producing an adult organism containing all the necessary genetic information from just one parent. development will ensue normally and after many mitotic divisions, this single cell forms a blastocyst (an early stage embryo with about 100 cells) with an identical genome to the original organism (i.e. a clone). stem cells can then be obtained by the destruction of this clone embryo for use in therapeutic cloning or in the case of reproductive cloning the clone embryo is implanted into a host mother for further development and brought to term.
somatic cell nuclear transfer
the modern period, beginning in 1920, saw major developments in research into the cause and treatment of discoid and systemic lupus. research conducted in the 1920s and 1930s led to the first detailed pathologic descriptions of lupus and demonstrated how the disease affected the kidney, heart, and lung tissue. a major breakthrough was made in 1948 with the discovery of the le cell (the lupus erythematosus cell—a misnomer, as it occurs with other diseases as well). discovered by a team of researchers at the mayo clinic, they discovered that the white blood cells contained the nucleus of another cell that was pushing against the white's cell proper nucleus. noting that the invading nucleus was coated with antibody that allowed it to be ingested by a phagocytic or scavenger cell, they named the antibody that causes one cell to ingest another the le factor and the two nuclei cell result in the le cell. the le cell, it was determined, was a part of an anti-nuclear antibody (ana) reaction; the body produces antibodies against its own tissue. this discovery led to one of the first definitive tests for lupus since le cells are found in approximately 60% of all people diagnosed with lupus. the le cell test is rarely performed as a definitive lupus test today as le cells do not always occur in people with sle and can occur in individuals with other autoimmune diseases. their presence can be helpful in establishing a diagnosis but no longer indicates a definitive sle diagnosis.
systemic lupus erythematosus