number refers to the degree to which a research instrument measures what it is supposed to measure.
number refers to the degree to which a research instrument measures what it is supposed to measure.
refers to the degree to which a research instrument measures what it is supposed to measure?
number
convergent and discriminant validity are the two subtypes of validity that make up construct validity. convergent validity refers to the degree to which two measures of constructs that theoretically should be related, are in fact related. in contrast discriminant validity tests whether concepts or measurements that are supposed to be unrelated are, in fact, unrelated. take, for example, a construct of general happiness. if a measure of general happiness had convergent validity, then constructs similar to happiness (satisfaction, contentment, cheerfulness, etc.) should relate closely to the measure of general happiness. if this measure has discriminant validity, then constructs that are not supposed to be related to general happiness (sadness, depression, despair, etc.) should not relate to the measure of general happiness. measures can have one of the subtypes of construct validity and not the other. using the example of general happiness, a researcher could create an inventory where there is a very high positive correlation between general happiness and contentment, but if there is also a significant positive correlation between happiness and depression, then the measure's construct validity is called into question. the test has convergent validity but not discriminant validity.
construct validity
section::::gigap membership.









































the gipgap website indicates the membership as follows:









































section::::research instrument.









































the basic research instrument, the personal and institutional rights to aggression and peace scale, is an online survey, utilizing aspects of both qualitative research and quantitative research. respondents are encouraged to indicate the degree to which they agree or disagree with certain propositions and the instrument also encourages respondents to make specific comment upon issues. the survey is available to respondents in a range of language versions, including english, french, german, greek, icelandic, italian, japanese, and portuguese.









































section::::research findings.
group on international perspectives on governmental aggression and peace