mitochondria produce atp using cellular respiration.
mitochondria produce atp using cellular respiration.
mitochondria produce atp using what kind of process?
cellular respiration
a dominant role for the mitochondria is the production of atp, as reflected by the large number of proteins in the inner membrane for this task. this is done by oxidizing the major products of glucose: pyruvate, and nadh, which are produced in the cytosol. this type of cellular respiration known as aerobic respiration, is dependent on the presence of oxygen. when oxygen is limited, the glycolytic products will be metabolized by anaerobic fermentation, a process that is independent of the mitochondria. the production of atp from glucose has an approximately 13-times higher yield during aerobic respiration compared to fermentation. plant mitochondria can also produce a limited amount of atp without oxygen by using the alternate substrate nitrite. atp crosses out through the inner membrane with the help of a specific protein, and across the outer membrane via porins. adp returns via the same route.
mitochondrion
living organisms obtain energy from organic and inorganic materials; i.e. atp can be synthesized from a variety of biochemical precursors. for example, lithotrophs can oxidize minerals such as nitrates or forms of sulfur, such as elemental sulfur, sulfites, and hydrogen sulfide to produce atp. in photosynthesis, autotrophs produce atp using light energy, whereas heterotrophs must consume organic compounds, mostly including carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. the amount of energy actually obtained by the organism is lower than the amount present in the food; there are losses in digestion, metabolism, and thermogenesis.
bioenergetics