characteristic x-ray emission and bremsstrahlung are the two types of radiation used to produce x rays.
characteristic x-ray emission and bremsstrahlung are the two types of radiation used to produce x rays.
what are the two types of radiation used to produce x rays?
characteristic x-ray emission and bremsstrahlung
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recent studies indicate that adult rat neural precursor cells from the hippocampus show an acute, dose-dependent apoptotic response that was accompanied by an increase in ros. low-let protons are also used in clinical proton beam radiation therapy, at an rbe of 1.1 relative to megavoltage x rays at a high dose. ncrp report no. 153 notes that: “relative ros levels were increased at nearly all doses (1 to 10 gy) of bragg-peak 250 mev protons at post-irradiation times (6 to 24 hours) compared to unirradiated controls. the increase in ros after proton irradiation was more rapid than that observed with x rays and showed a well-defined dose response at 6 and 24 hours, increasing about 10-fold over controls at a rate of 3% per gy. however, by 48 hours post-irradiation, ros levels fell below controls and coincided with minor reductions in mitochondrial content. use of the antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid (before or after irradiation) was shown to eliminate the radiation-induced rise in ros levels. these results corroborate the earlier studies using x rays and provide further evidence that elevated ros are integral to the radioresponse of neural precursor cells.” furthermore, high-let radiation led to
central nervous system effects from radiation exposure during spaceflight