mexico's quest for independence began in 1810.
mexico's quest for independence began in 1810.
when did mexico's quest for independence begin?
1810
the armed insurgency for independence broke out in september 1810 was led by the american spanish secular priest miguel hidalgo y costilla. hidalgo did not articulate a coherent program for independence, but in an early proclamation condemned slavery and the slave trade, and called for the abolition of tributes, which were paid by indians, blacks, mulattoes and castas. he mandated in november 1810 that "slave masters must, whether americans [new world-born] or europeans, give [their slaves] liberty within ten days, on pain of death that their lack of observance of this article will apply to them." hidalgo was captured, defrocked, and executed in 1811, but his former seminary student, secular priest josé maría morelos continued the insurgency for independence. he did articulate a program for independence in the "sentimientos de la nación" at the 1813 congress of chilpancingo that also called for the abolition of slavery. point 15 is "that prohibit slavery forever, as the distinction of caste, being all equal and only vice and virtue distinguish an american from the other." morelos like hidalgo was captured and killed, but the struggle for independence continued in the "hot country" of southern mexico under vicente guerrero, a mixed-race man known as "el negrito" for his dark complexion. royalist officer agustín de iturbide had fought the insurgents changed his allegiance, but now fought for independence. he gained the trust of guerrero and the plan de iguala, named for the city in the hot country where it was proclaimed, laid out the aims of the insurgency, calling for independence, the primacy of catholicism, and monarchy, with point 12 mandating "all inhabitants of the empire, without any distinction other than merit and virtue, are citizens fit for whatever employment they choose." the alliance guerrero and iturbide led to the formation of the army of the three guarantees. spanish imperial rule collapsed, and mexico gained its independence in september 1821. despite political independence, abolition of slavery did not come about until guerrero became president of mexico in 1829.
afro-mexicans
the late 20th and early 21st centuries were marked by the rise of butler, independence, and west charlotte as state football powers. west charlotte's lions dominated the state football scene between the mid-80s and 90s, a period during which they won five championships in a ten-year span. the late-90s saw independence begin a 107-game winning streak that included seven consecutive state championships under coach tom knotts. independence's streak would last until 2007 when cincinnati's elder high school defeated the patriots 41–34 at nippert stadium. butler and mallard creek have recently made appearances in state championship games with butler claiming three titles.
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