a packet or unit of light energy is called a photon.
a packet or unit of light energy is called a photon.
a packet or unit of light energy is called a?
photon
where cho is glucose (which is subsequently transformed into other sugars, cellulose, lignin, and so forth). the value of the photosynthetic efficiency is dependent on how light energy is defined – it depends on whether we count only the light that is absorbed, and on what kind of light is used (see photosynthetically active radiation). it takes eight (or perhaps 10 or more) photons to utilize one molecule of co. the gibbs free energy for converting a mole of co to glucose is 114 kcal, whereas eight moles of photons of wavelength 600 nm contains 381 kcal, giving a nominal efficiency of 30%. however, photosynthesis can occur with light up to wavelength 720 nm so long as there is also light at wavelengths below 680 nm to keep photosystem ii operating (see chlorophyll). using longer wavelengths means less light energy is needed for the same number of photons and therefore for the same amount of photosynthesis. for actual sunlight, where only 45% of the light is in the photosynthetically active wavelength range, the theoretical maximum efficiency of solar energy conversion is approximately 11%. in actuality, however, plants do not absorb all incoming sunlight (due to reflection, respiration requirements of photosynthesis and the need for optimal solar radiation levels) and do not convert all harvested energy into biomass, which results in a maximum overall photosynthetic efficiency of 3 to 6% of total solar radiation. if photosynthesis is inefficient, excess light energy must be dissipated to avoid damaging the photosynthetic apparatus. energy can be dissipated as heat (non-photochemical quenching), or emitted as chlorophyll fluorescence.
photosynthetic efficiency
the only light source in the deep sea, marine animals give off visible light energy called bioluminescence, a subset of chemiluminescence. this is the chemical reaction in which chemical energy is converted to light energy. it is estimated that 90% of deep-sea animals produce some sort of bioluminescence. considering that a large proportion of the visible light spectrum is absorbed before reaching the deep sea, most of the emitted light from the sea-animals is blue and green. however, some species may emit a red and infrared light, and there has even been a genus that is found to emit yellow bioluminescence. the organ that is responsible for the emission of bioluminescence is known as photophores. this type is only present in squid and fish, and is used to illuminate their ventral surfaces, which disguise their silhouettes from predators. the uses of the photophores in the sea-animals differ, such as lenses for controlling intensity of color, and the intensity of the light produced. squids have both photophores and chromatophores which controls both of these intensities. another thing that is responsible for the emission of bioluminescence, which is evident in the bursts of light that jellyfish emit, start with a luciferin (a photogen) and ends with the light emitter (a photagogikon.) luciferin, luciferase, salt, and oxygen react and combine to create a single unit called photo-proteins, which can produce light when reacted with another molecule such as ca+. jellyfish use this as a defense mechanism; when a smaller predator is attempting to devour a jellyfish, it will flash its lights, which would therefore lure a larger predator and chase the smaller predator away. it is also used as mating behavior.
biological pigment