villi are found in the small intestine into.
villi are found in the small intestine into.
where are villi found in the small intestine?
into
eggs are deposited in feces of dogs, becoming infectious after 2–4 weeks. dogs ingest infectious eggs, allowing the eggs to hatch and the larval form of the parasite to penetrate through the gut wall. in dogs under 3 months of age, the larvae hatch in the small intestine, get into the bloodstream, migrate through the liver, and enter the lungs. once in the lungs, the larvae crawl up the trachea. the larvae are then coughed up and swallowed, leading back down to the small intestine, where they mature to adulthood. this process is called tracheal migration. in dogs older than 3 months of age, the larvae hatch in the small intestine and enter the bloodstream, where they are carried to somatic sites throughout the body (muscles, kidney, mammary glands, etc.) where they become encysted second stage larvae. this process is called somatic migration. at the height of pregnancy, the encysted eggs in an infected female dog will migrate from the mother to the developing fetus, where they will reside in the liver. after parturition, the larvae migrate from the pup's liver to the lungs to undergo tracheal migration. alternatively, the migrating larvae in the mother may encyst within the mammary glands, becoming active during lactation and passing directly to the nursing puppy via the milk. larvae transmitted in this manner do not migrate once they are within the small intestine of the puppy; they will develop directly into the adult stage in the small intestine. once infected, a female dog will usually harbor sufficient larvae to subsequently infect all of her litters, even if she never again encounters an infection. a certain amount of the female dog's dormant larvae penetrate into the intestinal lumen, where molting into adulthood takes place again, thus leading to a new release of eggs containing l larvae.
toxocara canis
bullet::::- enlargement and lengthening of the villi found in the lining









































bullet::::- increase in the diameter of the small intestine









































bullet::::- slow down in peristalsis or movement of food through the small intestine









































section::::diagnosis.









































section::::diagnosis.:definition.









































intestinal failure is decreased intestinal function such that nutrients, water, and electrolytes are not sufficiently absorbed. short bowel syndrome is when there is less than of working bowel and is the most common cause of intestinal failure.









































section::::treatments.









































symptoms of short bowel syndrome are usually addressed with medication. these include:









































bullet::::- anti-diarrheal medicine (e.g. loperamide, codeine)
short bowel syndrome