primary transcript is the initial product of the transcription process.
primary transcript is the initial product of the transcription process.
what is the initial product of the transcription process?
primary transcript
replication of many rhabdoviruses occurs in the cytoplasm, although several of the plant infecting viruses replicate in the nucleus.. in order for replication, both the l and p protein must be expressed to regulate transcription. the l protein have a lot of enzymatic actiivites such as rna replication, capping mrnas phospholorylation of p. l protein gives feature in about replication in cytopolasm. transcription results in five monocistronic mrnas being produced because the intergenic sequences act as both termination and promoter sequences for adjacent genes. this type of transcription mechanism is explained by stop-start model( stuttering transcription). owing to stop-start model, the large amounts of the structural proteins are produced. according to this model, the virus-associated rna polymerase starts firstly the synthesis of leader rna and then the five mrna which will produce n, p, m, g, l proteins, respectively. after the leader rna was produced, the polymerase enzyme reinitiates virion transcription on n gene and proceeds its synthesis until it ends 3′ end of the chain.then, the synthesis of p mrnas are made by same enzyme with new starter sinyal. these steps continue until the enzyme arrives the end of the l gene. during transcription process, the polymerase enzyme may leave the template at any point and then bound just at the 3′ end of the genome rna to start mrna synthesis again. this process will results concentration gradient of the amount of mrna based on its place and its range from the 3′ end. in the circumstances, the amounts of mrna species change and will be produced npmgl proteins. during their synthesis the mrnas are processed to introduce a 5' cap and a 3’ polyadenylated tail to each of the molecules .this structure is homologous to cellular mrnas and can thus be translated by cellular ribosomes to produce both structural and non-structural proteins.
rhabdoviridae
several mammalian clock genes have been identified and characterized through experiments on animals harboring naturally occurring, chemically induced, and targeted knockout mutations, and various comparative genomic approaches. the majority of identified clock components are transcriptional activators or repressors that modulate protein stability and nuclear translocation, and create two interlocking feedback loops. in the primary feedback loop, members of the basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh)-pas (period-arnt-single-minded) transcription factor family, clock and bmal1, heterodimerize in the cytoplasm to form a complex that, following translocation to the nucleus, initiates transcription of target genes such as the core clock genes 'period' genes (per1, per2, and per3) and two cryptochrome genes (cry1 and cry2). negative feedback is achieved by per:cry heterodimers that translocate back to the nucleus to repress their own transcription by inhibiting the activity of the clock:bmal1 complexes. another regulatory loop is induced when clock:bmal1 heterodimers activate the transcription of rev-erba and rora, two retinoic acid-related orphan nuclear receptors. rev-erba and rora subsequently compete to bind retinoic acid-related orphan receptor response elements (rores) present in bmal1 promoter. through the subsequent binding of rores, members of ror and rev-erb are able to regulate "bmal1". while rors activate transcription of "bmal1", rev-erbs repress the same transcription process. hence, the circadian oscillation of "bmal1" is both positively and negatively regulated by rors and rev-erbs.
circadian clock