viral dna that is incorporated into the genome of a host cell is called a proviruses.
viral dna that is incorporated into the genome of a host cell is called a proviruses.
viral dna that is incorporated into the genome of a host cell is called a?
proviruses
virion attach the host cell receptors via the su glycoprotein, then the tm glycoprotein assists with fusion with the cell membrane. the virus will then begin uncoating, and a linear double-stranded dna molecule is formed from the single-stranded rna(+) genome via reverse transcription. the enzyme responsible for reverse transcription is reverse transcriptase. the host nuclear membrane is disassembled during mitosis and the viral double-stranded dna is able to enter the host nucleus. viral double-stranded dna is then integrated into the host cell genome via viral integrase, an enzyme that allows for viral dna integration into host dna. the virus is now referred to as a provirus, which means the gammaretrovirus dna has integrated into the host cell genome and is now the template for the formation of viral mrna and genomic rna. double-stranded dna is transcribed by pol ii and will produce both spliced and unspliced rna strands, these spliced rna strands will leave the host cell nucleus. the unspliced viral rna translation produces env, gag, and gag-pol polyproteins. the env becomes a polypeptide precursor and will cleave to produce a receptor binding surface. next the virion is assembled in the host cell membrane, and the viral rna genome is packaged. the virions bud from the plasma membrane and release into the host. after virions release from host cells the process is repeated on the next cell the active viral particle comes across.
gammaretrovirus
there are multiple steps involved in the infection and replication of a lentivirus in a host cell. in the first step the virus uses its surface glycoproteins for attachment to the outer surface of a cell. more specifically, lentiviruses attach to the cd40 ligand glycoproteins on the surface of a hosts target cell. the viral material is then injected into the host cell's cytoplasm. within the cytoplasm the viral reverse transcriptase enzyme performs reverse transcription of the viral rna genome to create a viral dna genome. the viral dna is then sent into the nucleus of the host cell where it is incorporated into the host cell's genome with the help of the viral enzyme integrase. from now on, the host cell starts to transcribe the entire viral rna and express the structural viral proteins, in particular those that form the viral capsid and the envelop. the lentiviral rna and the viral proteins then assemble and the newly formed virions burst from the host cell when enough are made.
lentiviral vector in gene therapy