the myers-briggs temperament indicator was based on the work of myers – briggs.
the myers-briggs temperament indicator was based on the work of myers – briggs.
on whose work was the myers-briggs temperament indicator based?
myers – briggs
in 1921, carl jung published the book "psychological types", which proposed a concept of psychological types based on introversion versus extraversion, thinking versus feeling as rational functions, sensation versus intuition as irrational functions, and the coexistence of dominant and auxiliary functions. isabel briggs myers and her mother, katharine cook briggs, subsequently extended and codified jung's ideas into a test for sixteen psychological types, called the myers-briggs type indicator. in a two-page chart of "characteristics of types in high school" (myers briggs manual, form e 1958), isabel myers described the sixteen types briefly. keirsey recognized these very brief sixteen descriptions as being accurate, mirroring his observations as a school psychologist, and used these descriptions as a basis in a greatly expanded and modified form of his own. keirsey's critical innovation was organizing these types into four temperaments and describing "observable behavior" rather than speculation about unobservable thoughts and feelings. keirsey provided his own definitions of the sixteen types, and related them to the four temperaments based on his studies of five behavioral sciences: anthropology, biology, ethology, psychology, and sociology. while myers wrote mostly about the jungian psychological functions, which are mental processes, keirsey focused more on how people use words in sending messages and use tools in getting things done, which are observable actions. keirsey performed an in-depth, systematic analysis and synthesis of aspects of personality for temperament, which included the temperament's unique interests, orientation, values, self-image, and social roles.
david keirsey
briggs and myers began creating the indicator during world war ii in the belief that a knowledge of personality preferences would help women entering the industrial workforce for the first time to identify the sort of war-time jobs that would be the "most comfortable and effective" for them. the "briggs myers type indicator handbook" was published in 1944. the indicator changed its name to "myers–briggs type indicator" in 1956. myers' work attracted the attention of henry chauncey, head of the educational testing service. under these auspices, the first mbti "manual" was published in 1962. the mbti received further support from donald w. mackinnon, head of the institute of personality and social research at the university of california, berkeley; w. harold grant, a professor at michigan state university and auburn university; and mary h. mccaulley of the university of florida. the publication of the mbti was transferred to consulting psychologists press in 1975, and the center for applications of psychological type was founded as a research laboratory.
myers–briggs type indicator