mary eileen mcdonnell was the actress in dancing with wolves.
mary eileen mcdonnell was the actress in dancing with wolves.
who was the actress in dancing with wolves?
mary eileen mcdonnell
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endoparasites known to infect wolves include protozoans and helminths (flukes, tapeworms, roundworms and thorny-headed worms). of 30,000 protozoan species, only a few have been recorded to infect wolves: "isospora", "toxoplasma", "sarcocystis", "babesia", and "giardia". wolves may carry "neospora caninum", which is of particular concern to farmers, as the disease can be spread to livestock, with infected animals being three to 13 times more likely to miscarry than those not infected. among flukes, the most common in north american wolves is "alaria", which infects small rodents and amphibians that are eaten by wolves. upon reaching maturity, "alaria" migrates to the wolf's intestine, but harms it little. "metorchis conjunctus", which enters wolves through eating fish, infects the wolf's liver or gall bladder, causing liver disease, inflammation of the pancreas, and emaciation. most other fluke species reside in the wolf's intestine, though "paragonimus westermani" lives in the lungs. tapeworms are commonly found in wolves, as their primary hosts are ungulates, small mammals, and fish, which wolves feed upon. tapeworms generally cause little harm in wolves, though this depends on the number and size of the parasites, and the sensitivity of the host. symptoms often include constipation, toxic and allergic reactions, irritation of the intestinal mucosa, and malnutrition. infections by the tapeworm "echinococcus granulosus" in ungulate populations tend to increase in areas with high wolf densities, as wolves can shed "echinoccocus" eggs in their feces onto grazing areas. wolves can carry over 30 roundworm species, though most roundworm infections appear benign, depending on the number of worms and the age of the host. "ancylostoma caninum" attaches itself on the intestinal wall to feed on the host's blood, and can cause hyperchromic anemia, emaciation, diarrhea, and possibly death. "toxocara canis", a hookworm known to infect wolf pups in utero, can cause intestinal irritation, bloating, vomiting, and diarrhea. wolves may catch "dioctophyma renale" from minks, which infects the kidneys, and can grow to lengths of 100 cm. "d. renale" causes the complete destruction of the kidney's functional tissue, and can be fatal if both kidneys are infected. wolves can tolerate low levels of "dirofilaria immitis" for many years without showing any ill effects, though high levels can kill wolves through cardiac enlargement and congestive hepatopathy. wolves probably become infected with "trichinella spiralis" by eating infected ungulates. although "t. spiralis" is not known to produce clinical signs in wolves, it can cause emaciation, salivation, and crippling muscle pains in dogs. thorny-headed worms rarely infect wolves, though three species have been identified in russian wolves: "nicolla skrjabini", "macrocantorhynchus catulinus", and "moniliformis moniliformis".
wolf