all things being equal... is an expression from the logical empiricist school of thought.
all things being equal... is an expression from the logical empiricist school of thought.
all things being equal... is an expression from which school of thought?
the logical empiricist
Na
Na
increased ngfi-a binding, and the resulting increase in glucocorticoid receptor (gr) expression, leads to a decrease in depression-like behavior. antidepressants can work to increase gr levels in affected patients, suppressing depressive symptoms. electric shock therapy, is often used to treat patients suffering from depression. it is found that this form of treatment results in an increase in ngfi-a expression levels. electric shock therapy depolarizes a number of neurons throughout the brain, resulting in the increased activity of a number of intracellular pathways. this includes the camp pathway which, through downstream effects, results in expression of ngfi-a. antidepressant drugs, such as tranylcypromine and imipramine were found to have a similar effect; treatment with these drugs led to increases in ngfi-a expression and subsequent gr expression. these two drugs are thought to alter synaptic levels of 5-ht, which then alters the activity level of the camp pathway. it is also known that increased glucocorticoid receptor expression has been shown to modulate the hpa pathway by increasing negative feedback. this increase in expression results from decreased methylation, increased acetylation and binding of hgfi-a transcription factor. this promotes a more moderate hpa response than seen in those with depression which then decreases levels of hormones associated with stress. another antidepressant, desipramine was found to increase gr density and gr mrna expression in the hippocampus. it is thought that this is happening due to an interaction between the response element of gr and the acetyltransferase, creb binding protein. therefore, this antidepressant, by increasing acetylation, works to lessen the hpa response, and as a result, decrease depressive symptoms.
epigenetics of depression