leonid brezhnev was the president of soviet union in 1971.
leonid brezhnev was the president of soviet union in 1971.
who was the president of soviet union in 1971?
leonid brezhnev
during the early years of al-bakr's rule, the soviet union became a strategic ally. however, with the increase in oil revenues relations between iraq and the soviet union weakened. the iraqi regime was given more freedom of choice, and lost its dependence on soviet investments. the soviet union, during this period, retained its role as iraq's largest arms supplier. with iraq's foreign-policy priorities changing, repression against the icp was reintroduced. the soviet union tried to act as a mediator between the two parties, but soviet involvement was considered by the ba'athist government as soviet interference in iraq's internal affairs. during the iran–iraq war leonid brezhnev, general secretary of the central committee of the communist party of the soviet union, called the war "absolutely senseless" because the conflict only benefited imperialism. however, soviet-iranian relations deteriorated during the war due to iran's support for anti-communist forces in the afghan democratic republic. during yuri andropov's rule of the soviet union, there were rumors that the ussr was increasing its shipments of modern arms to iraq during its war with iran. this proved to be wrong, and saddam openly complained that the treaty of friendship signed with the soviet union "has not worked." during the rule of konstantin chernenko, the soviet union's relations with iran further deteriorated as the soviet leadership began to criticise islamic fundamentalism. in 1986, under mikhail gorbachev, the soviet union officially changed its position from neutral to that of "active containment" of iran. this policy lasted until the war with iran ended in 1988. during the iraqi invasion of kuwait and the following gulf war, the soviet union was officially neutral. shortly after, on 26 december 1991, the soviet union was officially dissolved.
ba'athist iraq
after the accession of christian democrat eduardo frei montalva to the chilean presidency on 3 november 1964, relations were re-established on 24 november 1964, and it wasn't until 1967 that bilateral treaties were signed by the two states. the victory of salvador allende in chile’s presidential election in 1970 gave the soviet union an opportunity to develop close ties with chile. the victory of allende’s political party, unidad popular, a coalition of socialist, communist, and miscellaneous leftist parties, demonstrated that perhaps chile’s government was ideologically and politically closer to the soviet union than any other south american country. however, the soviet union was hesitant to shoulder the burden in order to guarantee the success of the chilean experiment. economically, soviet aid came in the form of long-term credits, which represented less than $350 million, with limited amount of aid in the form of hard currency. allende’s government needed more financial aid, not joint projects in fishing and housing, to solve balance-of-payments problems. although bilateral trade between the two countries was expanded and diversified, it was still much lower than levels of trade between the soviet union and other south american countries. lastly, the soviet union offered some forms of technical assistance in order to construct factories, oil production, and to operate the nationalized copper mines. the soviet union’s limited levels of economic assistance in chile display the clear soviet hesitancy towards incurring enormous economic burdens. the soviets had already seen the immense costs associated with supporting a communist government in the western hemisphere following their support of fidel castro and his government in cuba post-1959. by the early 1970s, the soviet union had begun practicing a détente with the united states, and increased support for the allende government could endanger the fragile relationship between the united states and the soviet union. the soviet union was increasingly unwilling to allow chilean revolutionary process destroy its new détente with the united states. the soviet union was also dealing with economic problems of its own which further deterred an increase in economic assistance to chile. starting around may 1972, leaders of the ussr started to see chile as an example of what could go wrong in a revolutionary process rather than a good investment in the global battle against capitalism when the allende government lost popular support and the chilean economy remained at a standstill. similarly, the soviet union practiced pragmatism in its political relations with chile. at most, the soviet union only demonstrated moral and propagandistic support of chile in lieu of more tangible policy.
chile–russia relations