the japanese word maru means circle in english.
the japanese word maru means circle in english.
what does the japanese word maru mean in english?
circle
multiple authors have attempted to trace the etymology of "sharawadgi" to various chinese and japanese terms for garden design. two chinese authors suggested the chinese expressions "saluo guaizhi" "quality of being impressive or surprising through careless or unorderly grace" (chang 1930) and "sanlan waizhi" "space tastefully enlivened by disorder" (ch'ien 1940). e. v. gatenby (1931) proposed english "sharawadgi" derived from japanese "sorowaji" (揃わじ) "not being regular", an older form of "sorowazu" (揃わず) "incomplete; unequal (in size); uneven; irregular". s. lang and nikolaus pevsner (1949) dismissed these two unattested chinese terms, doubted the japanese "sorowaji", and suggested that temple coined the word "sharawadgi" himself. these authors placed temple's discovery in the context of upcoming ideas on the picturesque. p. quennell (1968) concurred that the term could not be traced to any chinese word, and favored the japanese etymology. takau shimada (1997) believed the irregular beauty that temple admired was more likely characteristic of japanese gardens, owing to the irregular topography upon which they were built, and compared the japanese word "sawarinai" (触りない) "do not touch; leave things alone". ciaran murray (1998, 1999) reasons that temple heard the word "sharawadgi" from dutch travelers who had visited japanese gardens, following the oxford english dictionary that enters "sharawadgi" without direct definition, excepting a gloss under the temple quotation. it notes the etymology is "of unknown origin; chinese scholars agree that it cannot belong to that language. temple speaks as if he had himself heard it from travellers". ciaran murray emphasizes that temple used "the chineses" in blanket reference inclusive of all oriental races during a time when the east-west dialogues and influences were quite fluid. he also wanted to see similarity between "sharawadgi" and a supposed southern japanese kyūshū dialect pronunciation "shorowaji". wybe kuitert, a notable scholar of japanese garden history placed "sharawadgi" conclusively in the discourse that was on in the circles around constantijn huygens a good friend of william temple, tracing the term as the japanese aesthetic "share'aji" (洒落味、しゃれ味) that belonged to applied arts - including garden design.
picturesque
words from japanese: (sohn & tawerilmang, woleaian-english dictionary, 1976)









































bullet::::- "geitei" comes from the japanese word "heitai" ('soldier')









































bullet::::- "koori" comes from the japanese word "koori" ('ice')









































bullet::::- "koomaru" comes from the japanese word "komaru" ('to be in trouble')









































bullet::::- "meeteto" comes from the japanese word "omedetou" ('congratulations/happy holidays' in japanese; 'new year' in woleaian)









































bullet::::- "taiko" comes from the japanese word "taiko" (drum)









































words from english: (sohn & tawerilmang, woleaian-english dictionary, 1976)









































bullet::::- "felaaki" means ‘flag’









































bullet::::- "feraipaang" means ‘fry pan’









































bullet::::- "iinch" means ‘inch’









































bullet::::- "kolook" means ‘clock’









































bullet::::- "mariiken" means ‘america’









































bullet::::- " baibai" means 'papaya'









































section::::endangerment.
woleaian language