the 13th 14th and 15th amendment was passed in 1869.
the 13th 14th and 15th amendment was passed in 1869.
when was the 13th 14th and 15th amendment passed?
1869
Na
Na
the petitioner also denies that "salyer", with its "special limited purpose" exception to the 14th amendment's equal protection clause, is appropriate in this case. first, because "salyer" dealt with land ownership, and not race, it does not apply to begin with. the 9th circuit court thus made a grievous error when it determined that this case was "'not the sort [of election] that has previously triggered fifteenth amendment analysis'." (pet. br. 18). such a determination would "create an infinitely elastic loophole" in which anyone could circumvent the 15th amendment by simply claiming that the purposes of any such election was "limited." the petitioner quotes "terry v. adams" (1953), which held that the 15th amendment's prohibition of race-based election laws "included any election in which public issues are decided or public officials selected." (19) furthermore, "salyer" is an inappropriate defense under the 15th amendment because it was decided as an exception to the 14th amendment, due to that amendment's "one man, one vote" rule. thus, it cannot be applied to the 15th amendment's explicit ban on race-based qualifications. the petitioner quotes from "gomillion v. lightfoot" (1960) to illustrate that the 15th amendment is absolute, no matter how carefully constructed the means to a racially discriminatory end. that case concerned a district in alabama that had been drafted such that it excluded all potential non-white voters. though race was mentioned nowhere in the statute, it had been struck down due to the clearly racially discriminatory result. quoting "lane v. wilson" (1939) as well, the petitioner notes that the 15th amendment "'nullifies sophisticated as well as simple-minded modes of discrimination'" and goes on to say that "in contrast to the purportedly race-neutral grandfather clauses, white primaries, and gerrymanders invalidated in the foregoing cases, the oha voting restriction is startlingly 'simple-minded'. hawaii closes its election booth to anyone who fails its racial test" (16).
rice v. cayetano