einstein proposed that electrons behave like waves and particles.
einstein proposed that electrons behave like waves and particles.
who proposed that electrons behave like waves and particles?
einstein
in 1924, french quantum physicist louis de broglie published his thesis, in which he introduced a revolutionary theory of electron waves based on wave–particle duality. in his time, the wave and particle interpretations of light and matter were seen as being at odds with one another, but de broglie suggested that these seemingly different characteristics were instead the same behavior observed from different perspectives — that particles can behave like waves, and waves (radiation) can behave like particles. broglie's proposal offered an explanation of the restricted motion of electrons within the atom. the first publications of broglie's idea of "matter waves" had drawn little attention from other physicists, but a copy of his doctoral thesis chanced to reach einstein, whose response was enthusiastic. einstein stressed the importance of broglie's work both explicitly and by building further on it.
history of chemistry
ballistic electrons behave like light in a waveguide or a high-quality optical assembly. non-ballistic electrons behave like light diffused in milk or reflected off a white wall or a piece of paper.









































electrons can be scattered several ways in a conductor. electrons have several properties: wavelength (energy), direction, phase, and spin orientation. different materials have different scattering probabilities which cause different incoherence rates (stochasticity). some kinds of scattering can only cause a change in electron direction, others can cause energy loss.
ballistic conduction