adam smith said work expands to fill the time available.
adam smith said work expands to fill the time available.
who said work expands to fill the time available?
adam smith
c. northcote parkinson









































cyril northcote parkinson (30 july 1909 – 9 march 1993) was a british naval historian and author of some 60 books, the most famous of which was his best-seller "parkinson's law" (1957), in which parkinson advanced parkinson's law, stating that "work expands so as to fill the time available for its completion", an insight which led him to be regarded as an important scholar in public administration and management.









































section::::early life and education.
c. northcote parkinson
bullet::::- systems in general work poorly or not at all.









































this is more a universal observation than a law. the origin of this observation is traced back:









































bullet::::1. murphy's law that "if anything can go wrong, it will",









































bullet::::2. alfred korzybski's general semantics notion of failure's root cause being a communication problem,









































bullet::::3. humorist stephen potter's one-upmanship on ways to "game" the system for personal benefit,









































bullet::::4. historian c. northcote parkinson's principle called parkinson's law -- "work expands so as to fill the time available for its completion"
systemantics