three hydrogen bonds form between g and c.
three hydrogen bonds form between g and c.
how many hydrogen bonds form between g and c?
three
in a dna double helix, each type of nucleobase on one strand bonds with just one type of nucleobase on the other strand. this is called complementary base pairing. here, purines form hydrogen bonds to pyrimidines, with adenine bonding only to thymine in two hydrogen bonds, and cytosine bonding only to guanine in three hydrogen bonds. this arrangement of two nucleotides binding together across the double helix is called a watson-crick base pair. another type of base pairing is hoogsteen base pairing where two hydrogen bonds form between guanine and cytosine. as hydrogen bonds are not covalent, they can be broken and rejoined relatively easily. the two strands of dna in a double helix can thus be pulled apart like a zipper, either by a mechanical force or high temperature. as a result of this base pair complementarity, all the information in the double-stranded sequence of a dna helix is duplicated on each strand, which is vital in dna replication. this reversible and specific interaction between complementary base pairs is critical for all the functions of dna in organisms.
dna
hydrogen bonding is a strong intermolecular force that forms a special type of dipole-dipole attraction. hydrogen bonds form when a hydrogen atom bonded to a strongly electronegative atom is around another electronegative atom with a lone pair of electrons. hydrogen bonds are stronger than normal dipole-dipole interactions and dispersion forces but they remain weaker than covalent and ionic bonds. in hydrogels, structure and stability of water molecules are highly affected by the bonds. the polar groups in the polymer strongly bind water molecules and form hydrogen bonds which also cause hydrophobic effects to occur. these hydrophobic effects can be exploited to design chemically crosslinked hydrogels that exhibit self healing abilities. the hydrophobic effects combined with the hydrophilic effects within the hydrogel structure can be balanced through dangling side chains that mediates the hydrogen bonding that occurs between two separate hydrogel pieces or across a ruptured hydrogel.
self-healing hydrogels