the study of media effects begain in 1975.
the study of media effects begain in 1975.
when did the study of media effects begin?
1975
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section::::key media effects theories.:macro-level media effects.









































the following are salient examples of media effects studies which examine media influence on an audience aggregate.









































section::::key media effects theories.:macro-level media effects.:cultivation.









































not all media effects are instantaneous or short-term. gerbner (1969) created cultivation theory, arguing that the media cultivates a "collective consciousness about elements of existence." if audiences are exposed to repetitive themes and storylines, over time, they may expect these themes and storylines mirrored in real life.









































section::::key media effects theories.:macro-level media effects.:agenda setting in the news.
influence of mass media