ligament are dense cord like tissues that attach muscles to bones.
ligament are dense cord like tissues that attach muscles to bones.
dense cord like tissues that attach muscles to bones?
ligament
the horse skeleton averages 205 bones. a significant difference between the horse skeleton and that of a human is the lack of a collarbone—the horse's forelimbs are attached to the spinal column by a powerful set of muscles, tendons, and ligaments that attach the shoulder blade to the torso. the horse's four legs and hooves are also unique structures. their leg bones are proportioned differently from those of a human. for example, the body part that is called a horse's "knee" is actually made up of the carpal bones that correspond to the human wrist. similarly, the hock contains bones equivalent to those in the human ankle and heel. the lower leg bones of a horse correspond to the bones of the human hand or foot, and the fetlock (incorrectly called the "ankle") is actually the proximal sesamoid bones between the cannon bones (a single equivalent to the human metacarpal or metatarsal bones) and the proximal phalanges, located where one finds the "knuckles" of a human. a horse also has no muscles in its legs below the knees and hocks, only skin, hair, bone, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, and the assorted specialized tissues that make up the hoof.
horse
the pathophysiology of alcoholic polyneuropathy is an area of current research. damage to the nervous system takes place before symptoms appear in individuals, beginning with segmental thinning and loss of myelin on the peripheral ends of the longest nerves. segmental thinning is the demyelination of axons in small sections at a time. this occurrence increases leakage of an action potential current down the axon, so it is weakest at the peripheral end. decrease in current causes further thinning of myelin.
alcoholic polyneuropathy