the function of the gallbladder is to store bile.
the function of the gallbladder is to store bile.
the function of the gallbladder is to store?
bile
gallbladder visualization happens once all tc mebrofenin has cleared the liver and enters the gall bladder, the common bile duct and finally the small intestines. patients fasting for the normal requirement of 4 hours and have normal gallbladder function, the gallbladder is usually visualized within 60 minutes. if the gallbladder is not visualized in 60 minutes, the study can continue for up to 4 hours. to shorten the study, morphine sulfate (ms) can be injected into the patient to increase uptake of tc mebrofenin into the gallbladder. if after 30 minutes of ms administration, the gallbladder is still not visualized, acute cholecystitis can be assumed with greater than 93% specificity.
technetium (99mtc) mebrofenin
the assertion that porcelain gallbladder increases the incidence of gallbladder cancer is widely taught in medical schools but is based on studies from 1931 and 1962. a prominent study aid for surgical residents even states that the risk of cancer in a porcelain gallbladder is 15%. the precise nature of the association between gallbladder cancer and porcelain gallbladder is uncertain. two articles published in 2001 examined the association between cancer of the gallbladder and calcified gallbladder. the first study reviewed 10,741 cholecystectomies and found that the 88 patients with gallbladder cancer did not have calcified gallbladders while the 15 patients with porcelain gallbladders did not have gallbladder cancer. the second study reviewed 25,900 gallbladder specimens and found 150 patients with cancer and 44 patients with calcified gallbladders of two types (intramural calcification and selective mucosal calcification). the selective mucosal calcification group showed a 7% incidence of cancer with a significant odds ratio of 13.89.
porcelain gallbladder