the organelle mitochondrion is the site of atp production and storage.
the organelle mitochondrion is the site of atp production and storage.
which organelle is the site of atp production and storage?
mitochondrion
in total, the mitochondrion hosts about 3000 different types of proteins, but only about 13 of them are coded on the mitochondrial dna. most of the 3000 types of proteins are involved in a variety of processes other than atp production, such as porphyrin synthesis. only about 3% of them code for atp production proteins. this means most of the genetic information coding for the protein makeup of mitochondria is in chromosomal dna and is involved in processes other than atp synthesis. this increases the chances that a mutation that will affect a mitochondrion will occur in chromosomal dna, which is inherited in a mendelian pattern. another result is that a chromosomal mutation will affect a specific tissue due to its specific needs, whether those may be high energy requirements or a need for the catabolism or anabolism of a specific neurotransmitter or nucleic acid. because several copies of the mitochondrial genome are carried by each mitochondrion (2–10 in humans), mitochondrial mutations can be inherited maternally by mtdna mutations which are present in mitochondria inside the oocyte before fertilization, or (as stated above) through mutations in the chromosomes.
human mitochondrial genetics
at rest, the body produces the majority of its atp aerobically in the mitochondria without producing lactic acid or other fatiguing byproducts. during exercise, the method of atp production varies depending on the fitness of the individual as well as the duration and intensity of exercise. at lower activity levels, when exercise continues for a long duration (several minutes or longer), energy is produced aerobically by combining oxygen with carbohydrates and fats stored in the body. during activity that is higher in intensity, with possible duration decreasing as intensity increases, atp production can switch to anaerobic pathways, such as the use of the creatine phosphate and the phosphagen system or anaerobic glycolysis. aerobic atp production is biochemically much slower and can only be used for long-duration, low-intensity exercise, but produces no fatiguing waste products that can not be removed immediately from the sarcomere and the body, and it results in a much greater number of atp molecules per fat or carbohydrate molecule. aerobic training allows the oxygen delivery system to be more efficient, allowing aerobic metabolism to begin quicker. anaerobic atp production produces atp much faster and allows near-maximal intensity exercise, but also produces significant amounts of lactic acid which renders high-intensity exercise unsustainable for more than several minutes. the phosphagen system is also anaerobic. it allows for the highest levels of exercise intensity, but intramuscular stores of phosphocreatine are very limited and can only provide energy for exercises lasting up to ten seconds. recovery is very quick, with full creatine stores regenerated within five minutes.
muscular system