when using the tnm system for staging, m stands for m describes distant metastasis.
when using the tnm system for staging, m stands for m describes distant metastasis.
when using the tnm system for staging what does the m stand for?
m describes distant metastasis
bullet::::- m describes distant metastasis (spread of cancer from one part of the body to another).









































the tnm staging system for all solid tumors was devised by pierre denoix between 1943 and 1952, using the size and extension of the primary tumor, its lymphatic involvement, and the presence of metastases to classify the progression of cancer. 









































section::::general outline.









































the tnm classification comprises staging algorithms for almost all cancers, with the primary exception of pediatric cancers.
tnm staging system
bullet::::- cervical and ovarian cancers: the "figo" system has been adopted into the tnm system. for premalignant dysplastic changes, the cin (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) grading system is used.









































bullet::::- colon cancer: originally consisted of four stages: a, b, c, and d (the dukes staging system). more recently, colon cancer staging is indicated either by the original a-d stages or by tnm.









































bullet::::- kidney cancer: uses tnm.









































bullet::::- cancer of the larynx: uses tnm.









































bullet::::- liver cancer: uses tnm.









































bullet::::- lung cancer: uses tnm.
cancer staging