glucose released into the blood ends up in metabolic waste products.
glucose released into the blood ends up in metabolic waste products.
where does glucose released into the blood end up?
metabolic waste products
Na
Na
the metabolic pathway that begins with molecules containing two to four carbon atoms (c) and ends in the glucose molecule containing six carbon atoms is called gluconeogenesis and occurs in all living organisms. the smaller starting materials are the result of other metabolic pathways. ultimately almost all biomolecules come from the assimilation of carbon dioxide in plants during photosynthesis. the free energy of formation of α--glucose is 917.2 kilojoules per mole. in humans, gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver and kidney, but also in other cell types. in the liver about 150 g of glycogen are stored, in skeletal muscle about 250 g.peter c. heinrich: "löffler/petrides biochemie und pathobiochemie." springer-verlag, 2014, , p. 389. (german) however, the glucose released in muscle cells upon cleavage of the glycogen can not be delivered to the circulation because glucose is phosphorylated by the hexokinase, and a glucose-6-phosphatase is not expressed to remove the phosphate group. unlike for glucose, there is no transport protein for glucose-6-phosphate. gluconeogenesis allows the organism to build up glucose from other metabolites, including lactate or certain amino acids, while consuming energy. the renal tubular cells can also produce glucose.
glucose