methylene blue is pale blue in the reduced state.
methylene blue is pale blue in the reduced state.
what color is methylene blue in the reduced state?
pale blue
methylene blue is widely used as a redox indicator in analytical chemistry. solutions of this substance are blue when in an oxidizing environment, but will turn colorless if exposed to a reducing agent. the redox properties can be seen in a classical demonstration of chemical kinetics in general chemistry, the "blue bottle" experiment. typically, a solution is made of glucose (dextrose), methylene blue, and sodium hydroxide. upon shaking the bottle, oxygen oxidizes methylene blue, and the solution turns blue. the dextrose will gradually reduce the methylene blue to its colorless, reduced form. hence, when the dissolved dextrose is entirely consumed, the solution will turn blue again. the redox midpoint potential e' is +0.01 v.
methylene blue
another use of methylene blue is to treat ifosfamide neurotoxicity. methylene blue was first reported for treatment and prophylaxis of ifosfamide neuropsychiatric toxicity in 1994. a toxic metabolite of ifosfamide, chloroacetaldehyde (caa), disrupts the mitochondrial respiratory chain, leading to an accumulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen (nadh). methylene blue acts as an alternative electron acceptor, and reverses the nadh inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis while also inhibiting the transformation of chloroethylamine into chloroacetaldehyde, and inhibits multiple amine oxidase activities, preventing the formation of caa. the dosing of methylene blue for treatment of ifosfamide neurotoxicity varies, depending upon its use simultaneously as an adjuvant in ifosfamide infusion, versus its use to reverse psychiatric symptoms that manifest after completion of an ifosfamide infusion. reports suggest that methylene blue up to six doses a day have resulted in improvement of symptoms within 10 minutes to several days. alternatively, it has been suggested that intravenous methylene blue every six hours for prophylaxis during ifosfamide treatment in people with history of ifosfamide neuropsychiatric toxicity. prophylactic administration of methylene blue the day before initiation of ifosfamide, and three times daily during ifosfamide chemotherapy has been recommended to lower the occurrence of ifosfamide neurotoxicity.
methylene blue