puerto ricans are u.s. citizens since 1917.
puerto ricans are u.s. citizens since 1917.
since when are puerto ricans u.s. citizens?
1917
puerto ricans have been immigrating to new york since 1838, though they did not arrive in large numbers until the 20th century. in 1910 only 500 puerto ricans lived in new york, but by 1970 that number had skyrocketed to over 800,000, and 40% of those lived in the bronx. unlike the other four boroughs, puerto rican populations are significant throughout the bronx, though there is slightly higher concentrations in the south bronx. the first group of puerto ricans immigrated to new york city in the mid-19th century when puerto rico was a spanish colony and its people spanish subjects and as such they were immigrants. the following wave of puerto ricans to move to new york city did so after the spanish–american war in 1898. puerto ricans were no longer spanish subjects and citizens of spain, they were now puerto rican citizens of an american possession and needed passports to travel to the mainland of the united states. that was until 1917, when the united states congress approved jones-shafroth act which gave puerto ricans in the island a u.s. citizenship with certain limitations. puerto ricans living in the mainland u.s. however, were given full american citizenship and were allowed to seek political office in the states which they resided. two months later, when congress passed the selective service act, conscription was extended to the puerto ricans both in the island and in the u.s. it was expected that puerto rican men 18 years and older serve in the military during world war i. the jones-shafroth act also allowed puerto ricans to travel between puerto rico and the united states mainland without the need of a passport, thereby becoming migrants. the advent of air travel was one of the principal factors that led to the largest wave of migration of puerto ricans to new york city in the 1950s, known as "the great migration". although florida has received some dispersal of the population, there has been a resurgence in puerto rican migration to new york and new jersey - consequently, the new york city metropolitan area has witnessed an increase in its puerto rican population from 1,177,430 in 2010 to a census-estimated 1,201,850 in 2012, maintaining its status by a significant margin as the most important cultural and demographic center for puerto rican americans outside san juan.
new york city ethnic enclaves
out of all 50 states, the ones with the highest net inflow of puerto ricans moving there from the island of puerto rico between 2000 and 2010 included florida, pennsylvania, texas, massachusetts, connecticut, ohio, georgia, north carolina, virginia, and maryland. new york, which has joined this list since 2010, remains a major destination for puerto rican migrants, though only a third of recent puerto rican arrivals went to new york between 2000 and 2010. there is also a notable number of stateside-born puerto ricans moving from the northeastern states to south atlantic states, especially to florida, but to a lesser degree many are also going to virginia, north carolina, and georgia as well. the northeast corridor remains a major destination for puerto ricans, however the population is also growing throughout the united states, particularly in the south. from 2010-17, florida's puerto rican population increased from 847,000 to 1.120 million, increasing by nearly 300,000, allowing florida to replace new york as the state with the largest puerto rican population. despite puerto rican populations in new york and new jersey being relatively stagnant, other parts of the northeast continue to see very strong growth, particularly pennsylvania and lower new england (massachusetts, connecticut, and rhode island). pennsylvania easily having the second largest numerical increase of puerto ricans for the past 10–15 years, showing an increase of over 110,000 from 2010-17 second only to florida. connecticut having the highest percentage of puerto ricans in the united states, from 2010 to 2017 (pre-maria) the percentage went up about 1.1 percentage points which is a percentile increase more than any other state, and currently over 8 percent of the state is of puerto rican ancestry, sitting nearly three whole percentage points above the second highest percentage. of smaller states with populations under 3 million, rhode island has the fastest growing number of puerto ricans. new york is still a relatively popular destination for those migrating from puerto rico, though not as much as in the past, as said earlier florida and other northeast states are now receiving larger numerical growth. however, much of the stagnant population growth is due to an equal number of puerto ricans leaving new york as there is puerto ricans moving to new york, as many people of puerto rican ancestry now living in other states are originally from the new york city area.
puerto ricans in the united states