michelle bachelet is the president of chile now.
michelle bachelet is the president of chile now.
can you recall who is the president of chile now?
michelle bachelet
Na
Na
another theory that can be tested using cued recall is symmetry of forward and backward recall. forward recall is generally assumed to be easier than backward recall, i.e. forward recall is stronger than backward recall. this is generally true for long sequences of word or letters such as the alphabet. in one view, the independent associations hypothesis, the strength of forward and backward recall are hypothesized to be independent of each other. to confirm this hypothesis, dr. george wolford tested participants' forward and backward recall and found that forward and backward recall are independent of each other. the probability of correct forward recall was .47 for word pair associations and the probability of correct backward recall of word pair associations was .25. however, in another view, the associative symmetry hypothesis, the strengths of forward and backward recall are about equal and highly correlated. in s.e asch from swarthmore college and s. m ebenholtz's experiment, participants learned pairs of nonsense syllables by anticipation recall. after reaching a certain threshold of learning, the participants were tested by free recall to determine all pairs and single items they could remember. these researchers found that backward association was greatly weaker than forward association. however, when the availability of forward and backward recall were basically the same, there was little difference between forward and backward recall. some scientists including asch and ebenholtz believe in the independent association hypothesis think that the equal strengths of forward and backward recall are compatible with their hypothesis because forward and backward recall could be independent but with equal strengths. however associative symmetry theorists interpreted the data to mean that the results fit their hypothesis.
recall (memory)