ernest rutherford is credited with the first idea of a nuclear atom.
ernest rutherford is credited with the first idea of a nuclear atom.
who is credited with the first idea of a nuclear atom?
ernest rutherford
bullet::::- 1907 to 1917 – ernest rutherford: to test his "planetary" model of 1904, later known as the rutherford model, he sent a beam of positively charged alpha particles onto a gold foil and noticed that some bounced back, thus showing that an atom has a small-sized positively charged atomic nucleus at its center. however, he received in 1908 the nobel prize in chemistry "for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances", which followed on the work of marie curie, not for his planetary model of the atom; he is also widely credited with first "splitting the atom" in 1917. in 1911 ernest rutherford explained the geiger–marsden experiment by invoking a nuclear atom model and derived the rutherford cross section.
timeline of quantum mechanics
the rutherford model of the nuclear atom (1911) showed that the exterior of an atom is occupied by electrons, which suggests that electrons are responsible for the interaction of atoms and the formation of chemical bonds. in 1916, gilbert n. lewis explained valence and chemical bonding in terms of a tendency of (main-group) atoms to achieve a stable octet of 8 valence-shell electrons. according to lewis, covalent bonding leads to octets by the sharing of electrons, and ionic bonding leads to octets by the transfer of electrons from one atom to the other. the term covalence is attributed to irving langmuir, who stated in 1919 that "the number of pairs of electrons which any given atom shares with the adjacent atoms is called the "covalence" of that atom". the prefix "co-" means "together", so that a co-valent bond means that the atoms share a valence. subsequent to that, it is now more common to speak of "covalent bonds" rather than "valence", which has fallen out of use in higher-level work from the advances in the theory of chemical bonding, but it is still widely used in elementary studies, where it provides a heuristic introduction to the subject.
valence (chemistry)