the contest among businesses to win customers is called bid rigging.
the contest among businesses to win customers is called bid rigging.
the contest among businesses to win customers is called?
bid rigging
there is widespread consensus among economists that inflation is caused by increases in the supply of money available for use in a nation's economy. inflation can also occur when the economy 'overheats' because of excess aggregate demand (this is called demand-pull inflation). the causes of disinflation are the opposite, either a decrease in the growth rate of the money supply, or a business cycle contraction (recession). if the central bank of a country enacts tighter monetary policy, that is to say, the government starts selling its securities, the supply of money in an economy is reduced. this contraction of the money supply is known as quantitative tightening. during a recession, competition among businesses for customers becomes more intense, and so retailers are no longer able to pass on higher prices along to their customers. the main reason is that when the central bank adopts tight monetary policy, it becomes expensive to access money, which reduces demand for goods and services in the economy. even though demand for commodities falls, supply of commodities remains unaltered. thus, prices fall over time, which leads to disinflation. in contrast, deflation occurs when prices are actually dropping.
disinflation
agencies and nongovernmental organizations that implement restoration work create employment by hiring staff and contracting with businesses that hire employees to perform the actual restoration work. in oregon, contracting businesses involved in restoration projects tend to be small-businesses (as defined by the small business administration), family-owned, and subject to large seasonal fluctuations in available work. differences among businesses in the state appear to be related to customer base—businesses that work for non-federal customers such as watershed councils tend to perform more equipment-based work close to their home, versus businesses working for federal agencies who tend to travel more often and perform more labor-intensive work. these findings have important implications, as restoration investments are frequently intended to increase economic activity in rural communities affected by decreased logging activity, and these benefits are lost to local economies if contractors from outside of the area capture the contract. in addition, labor-intensive activities (e.g. planting trees, thinning) tend to pay less than traditional logging jobs, be less reliable, and be dominated by immigrant workers. in equipment-based and technically intensive restoration activities, working conditions are generally thought to be better.
restoration economy