chicago gets its drinking water from water cribs.
chicago gets its drinking water from water cribs.
what body of water does chicago get its drinking water from?
water cribs
chesbrough was appointed engineer of the board of sewerage commissioners because of his work on boston’s water distribution system. from an engineering standpoint, the main problems were moving waste water out of the city and keeping it from polluting the city's drinking water supply, drawn from lake michigan. his plan was twofold: first, to build the sewer system above ground, and then raise all of the city buildings as much as ten feet using an elaborate system of jacks. the new sewer system featured innovations such as manhole covers, which eased access to and cleaning of the sewers. however, sewage still flowed into the lake and polluted the city's drinking water. in 1864, work began on a two-mile chicago lake tunnel, sixty feet under the lake, out to a new intake crib. this allowed drinking water to be drawn from farther out in the lake, past the contaminating sewage. eventually, however, sewage water seeped all the way to the crib, giving chesbrough a third chance. plans were made to reverse the flow of the chicago river, leading water away from lake michigan and carrying chicago's sewage into the mississippi river. in the late 1860s, the illinois and michigan canal was dredged and deepened to expand its ability to handle the city's sewage and move it away from the lake, but continued population growth quickly outstripped the canal's waste management capacity. the project of reversing the river was completed after chesbrough's death by the sanitary district of chicago (now the metropolitan water reclamation district), created in 1889, which undertook the construction of the chicago sanitary and ship canal.
ellis s. chesbrough
the wellhead protection program in the 1986 amendments to the safe drinking water act requires states to protect underground sources of drinking water from contaminants that may adversely affect human health. more than one-third of the people in the united states depend on groundwater for drinking water. however, residential, municipal, commercial, industrial, and agricultural activities can all contaminate groundwater. in the event of contamination, a community’s drinking water supply can develop poor quality or be lost altogether. groundwater contamination might not be detected for a long period of time and health problems can occur from drinking contaminated water. cleanup of a contaminated underground source of drinking water may be impossible or so difficult it costs thousands or millions of dollars. the u.s. congress requiring wellhead protection programs by 42 u.s.c. § 300h–7 in the safe drinking water act applied the concept that it is better to prevent groundwater contamination than try to remediate it. u.s. congress by 42 u.s.c. § 300h–7 requires identification of the areas that need implementation of control measures in order to protect public water supply wells from contamination as "wellhead protection areas". communities can use the police power established by the tenth amendment to the u.s. constitution to enforce zoning and subdivision regulations to protect drinking water sources. thereby communities can direct development away from areas that would pose a threat to drinking water sources.
wellhead protection program