pearson & gallagher came up with the gradual release of responsibility model.
pearson & gallagher came up with the gradual release of responsibility model.
who came up with the gradual release of responsibility model?
pearson & gallagher
while similar models have been identified and represented throughout the study and development of teaching and learning as a construct, it was pearson & gallagher (1983) who coined the phrase "gradual release of responsibility" to describe this dynamic in the classroom. basing their model on the ideas of the russian educational theorist lev vygotsky, pearson and gallagher envisioned instruction that moved from explicit modeling and instruction to guided practice and then to activities that incrementally positioned students into becoming independent learners. the teacher guides the students to a point of 'planned obsolescence' on the part of the teacher "...where the student accepts total responsibility for the task, including the responsibility for determining whether or not she is applying the strategy appropriately (i.e, self monitoring)."
gradual release of responsibility
the gradual release of responsibility model or grr model is a particular style of teaching which is a structured method of pedagogy framed around a process devolving responsibility within the learning process from the teacher to the eventual independence of the learner. this instructional model requires that the teacher, by design, transitions from assuming "all the responsibility for performing a task...to a situation in which the students assume all of the responsibility". the ideal result is a confident learner who accepts responsibility for their own learning and directs this learning through the cognitive processes involved, moving through the academic spectrum, to independent choice (personalised learning). as buehl (2005) stated, the grr model "emphasizes instruction that mentors students into becoming capable thinkers and learners when handling the tasks with which they have not yet developed expertise".
gradual release of responsibility