officials implemented the one child policy in china.
officials implemented the one child policy in china.
who implemented the one child policy in china?
officials
although a recent and often-repeated interpretation by greenhalgh claims that song jian was the central architect of the one-child policy and that he "hijacked" the population policymaking process, that claim has been refuted by several leading scholars, including liang zhongtang, a leading internal critic of one-child restrictions and an eye-witness at the discussions in chengdu. in the words of wang et al., "the idea of the one-child policy came from leaders within the party, not from scientists who offered evidence to support it” central officials had already decided in 1979 to advocate for one-child restrictions before knowing of song's work and, upon learning of his work in 1980, already seemed sympathetic to his position. moreover, even if song's work convinced them to proceed with universal one-child restrictions in 1980, the policy was loosened to a "1.5"-child policy just five years later, and it is that policy which has been misnomered since as the "one-child policy." thus, it is misleading to suggest that song jian was either the inventor or architect of the policy.
one-child policy
it is worth mentioning that chinese one child policy contribute to sex imbalance in china as well. one child policy is a kind of family planned policy, which means one family just can have one child, and family will get the financial penalty if they violate the policy. to be clear, one child policy implemented by chinese central government from late 1970s to 2016. the original intention of this policy was to control the growth rate of chinese large population. although this policy was introduced as a long term and temporary policy and aim to reduce the number of family members, this measure was not uniform to some extent. in the early 1980s, the sex ratio of births was 108 (the ratio of male to female was 108:100), slightly higher than the natural level; by 2000, this number had soared to 120, even in provinces such as anhui, jiangxi, and shaanxi. reached 130. as a result, more than 35 million female populations “evaporate” from society. although china is not the only country that is affected by high population-specific ratios, chinese problems are the most serious; and the one child policy is even worse.the government reinforced the idea that boys are more valuable than girls through provide the extra compensation for family who have only one daughter. clearly, in some rural area in china, it was allowed to have a second child when their first child is a girl. therefore, from this perspective, chinese government seems to default the trend of son preference at that time. in other words, the implementation of this policy has become unbalanced, the most efficiency in the urban area and the weakest in the remote area in china. in addition, when this measure is implemented, economic sanctions will be imposed on those who violate the law, and some employment benefits will be provided to those who comply with the regulations. nevertheless, although the result of this policy achieved the desire effect, the chinese overall rate of natural increase declined. overall, the biggest impact of the one-child policy on the child's gender is not the first child born, but the second child, and this is the most important reason for the gender imbalance in chinese population. because, if a family is allowed to have two children, majority of families will choose to let the first child be born naturally (both men and women), but when they have a second child, they will consider the issue of gender selection.
son preference in china