backwards failure of the left ventricle causes increased pressure in the lungs.
backwards failure of the left ventricle causes increased pressure in the lungs.
where does backwards failure of the left ventricle cause increased pressure?
lungs
"backward" failure of the left ventricle causes congestion of the lungs' blood vessels, and so the symptoms are predominantly respiratory in nature. backward failure can be subdivided into the failure of the left atrium, the left ventricle or both within the left circuit. the person will have dyspnea (shortness of breath) on exertion and in severe cases, dyspnea at rest. increasing breathlessness on lying flat, called orthopnea, occurs. it is often measured in the number of pillows required to lie comfortably, and in orthopnea, the person may resort to sleeping while sitting up. another symptom of heart failure is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea: a sudden nighttime attack of severe breathlessness, usually several hours after going to sleep. easy fatigability and exercise intolerance are also common complaints related to respiratory compromise.
heart failure
tamponade can often be diagnosed radiographically. echocardiography, which is the diagnostic test of choice, often demonstrates an enlarged pericardium or collapsed ventricles. a large cardiac tamponade will show as an enlarged globular-shaped heart on chest x-ray. during inspiration, the negative pressure in the thoracic cavity will cause increased pressure into the right ventricle. this increased pressure in the right ventricle will cause the interventricular septum to bulge towards the left ventricle, leading to decreased filling of the left ventricle. at the same time, right ventricle volume is markedly diminished and sometimes it can collapse.









































section::::treatment.









































section::::treatment.:pre-hospital care.
cardiac tamponade