john f. kennedy was the president during cuban missle crisis.
john f. kennedy was the president during cuban missle crisis.
who was the president during cuban missle crisis?
john f. kennedy
canada also maintained diplomatic and economic ties with cuba following the cuban revolution. prior to the cuban missile crisis, the insistence on a much more placated policy towards the cuban government had been a source of contention between the united states and canada. prime minister diefenbaker firmly stood by his policy decision, insisting that this was the result of the rights of states to establish their own forms of government, rejection of current us interpretation of the monroe doctrine as well as canada's right to establish its own foreign policy. concern in the canadian government was focused primarily on nuclear weapons, many politicians in the opposition and in power believed that as long as the us president retained absolute control of the nuclear weapons, canadian forces could be ordered to undertake nuclear missions for the us without canadian consent. during the cuban missile crisis, canada was expected to fall in line with american foreign policy, in that canada's military forces were expected to go on immediate war alert status. diefenbaker however, refused to do so emphasizing the need for united nations intervention. it would only be after a tense phone call between president john f. kennedy and diefenbaker that canada's armed forces would begin preparations for "immediate enemy attack". although the crisis would eventually be solved by diplomatic talks between nikita khrushchev and kennedy, nothing would loom larger over the canadian state in the months following the crisis than the governing party's disarray on the question of nuclear arms.
canada in the cold war
"brownson" was fitted with a variable depth sonar receiver which could be lowered into the sea from a boom attached to the fantail of the ship. the purpose of the radar pod was to detect submarines under a thermal layer which would hide their presents from a hulled placed sonar receiver. "brownson" evaluated this sonor along the northern coastal area where trenches could provide submarines hiding capabilities. in 1962 the ship transfered to cuban waters during the period of tension that culminated in the cuban quarantine (the cuban missle crisis). "brownson" returned to home port in november 1962 then entered boston shipyards to received the fram i modifications in 1962-63. this included removal of gun mount 53, where a dash (drone, antisubmarine helicopter) deck/hangar was placed. it received asroc, among other things. it returned from service in viet nam via the suez canal in 1967. it was later modified in the boston nsy in 1967 with a large, low frequency, rubberized, prototype sonar dome just forward of midships and a smaller sonar receiver, aft but also along the keel, to achieve '3d' sonar 'pictures'. later, in 1967 sonarmen paul kronfield and robert devon reported for duty aboard brownson. they later attended pair factory school conducted by sperry rand, the manufacturers of the new an/sqq-23x sonar. brownson spent several years operating out of newport with desdevgru-2 (destroyer development group two) evaluating the sonar system. after a brief shipyard in boston, the nixie anti torpedo system was installed and further tested at sea on multiple cruises. brownson was required to operate during heavy storms to evaluate the new rubber dome under conditions of high sea states. it underwent reftra (refresher training) in gitmo in winter 1971-72, joined the sixth fleet north of egypt that spring, and participated in nato fleet exercises.
uss brownson (dd-868)