transcription and translation occur in dna in eukaryote cells.
transcription and translation occur in dna in eukaryote cells.
where do transcription and translation occur in eukaryote cells?
dna
nuclear dna and mitochondrial dna differ in many ways, starting with location and structure. nuclear dna is located within the nucleus of eukaryote cells and usually has two copies per cell while mitochondrial dna is located in the mitochondria and contains 100-1,000 copies per cell. the structure of nuclear dna chromosomes is linear with open ends and includes 46 chromosomes containing 3 billion nucleotides. mitochondrial dna chromosomes usually have closed, circular structures, and contain for example 16,569 nucleotides in human. nuclear dna is diploid, ordinarily inheriting the dna from two parents, while mitochondrial dna is haploid, coming only from the mother. the mutation rate for nuclear dna is less than 0.3% while that of mitochondrial dna is generally higher.
nuclear dna
"pelomyxa" lack mitochondria, as well as several other organelles usually found in eukaryote cells (notably, peroxisomes and dictyosomes). at one time, they were also believed to lack flagella and to be incapable of mitosis. as nucleated cells that lacked "nearly every other cell-inclusion of eukaryotes", "pelomyxa" were, for a time, regarded as surviving "proto-eukaryotes", standing somewhere between the bacteria and the modern cell. in 1973, it was proposed that the ancestors of "pelomyxa palustris" had branched off from the eukaryote line before the advent of mitochondria in 1976, jean m. whatley wrote that "pelomyxa palustris" "may justly be considered the most primitive eukaryotic organism living today." as such, the organism was potentially a modern analogue of the ancestral eukaryote that, according to the theory of serial endosymbiosis, internalized the bacterial symbiont that later evolved into the mitochondria of the modern cell. the species was known to host several bacterial symbionts. while the function of these was unclear, whatley argued that they might provide a useful evolutionary example, indicating the "ways in which a bacterial mitochondrial transformation might have been attained."
pelomyxa