japan left the league of nations on february 1935.
japan left the league of nations on february 1935.
when did japan leave the league of nations?
february 1935
bruce represented australia at the league of nations and successfully lobbied for australia to participate as a member of the league council from 1933 to 1936. he opposed action against japan following the invasion of manchuria in 1933, concerned as to australia's trading relationship with japan and the potential future threat it posed to peace in the pacific. he also attempted to steer the league away from sanctioning member nations, believing it yet lacked the military or economic sway to do so effectively and feared the breakdown of the league a prospect that loomed after germany and japan departed the body in 1933. during the abyssinia crisis, bruce again counselled against partial sanctions, believing them the worst option as they would not stop the ethiopian invasion and yet would alienate italy then a potential ally against a rearming nazi germany. he further argued for much greater rearmament efforts in the united kingdom and france to provide greater military capacity to enforce future decisions by the league. bruce assumed the presidency of the league of nations council in 1936 at the height of the crisis and after the failure of the hoare–laval pact between france, italy and britain, but further attempts to forestall the invasion failed. he presided as league council president during the rhineland crisis, although once again attempts to respond to fascist aggression failed. although this did not shake his conviction in the potential of the league, he saw it doomed to failure without fundamental reforms to its structure and system of sanctions. he was nominated by turkey to chair the 1936 montreux conference, which was far more successful in negotiating international agreement on passage through the turkish straits an issue of particular relevance to bruce as a veteran of the gallipoli campaign. despite the turmoil of his presidency, the league historian f.p. walters would later describe bruce as "the best, perhaps, of the many first-rate chairmen who presided over the council, conferences, or committees of the league".
stanley bruce
the plant, owned by chennai metrowater, was constructed by va tech wabag, in consortium with ide technologies in israel, and larsen and toubro (l&t) limited laid the 65-km-long pipeline from the plant to various parts of the city and built underground sumps en route. mecon limited, a govt. of india enterprises, carried out the project management consultancy services for plant construction. the dpr (detailed project report), complete design and detailed engineering and bid document was also prepared by mecon limited. the plant was constructed with a grant obtained from the central government. underground sumps and water distribution stations are located in tiruvanmiyur, velachery, nemmeli, kelambakkam, and akkarai. the pumping stations at nemmeli, akarai, tiruvanmiyur and velachery have a combined capacity of 1,375 hp. the process technology involves marine sea water intake system and pre-treatment system consisting of disc filters followed by ultra filtration (uf). a 1,050-metre-long pipeline with a diameter of 1,600 mm (hdpe) has been sunk at a depth of about 14.1 m in the sea side and 5.5 m in the shore side, capable of drawing nearly 265 mld of seawater by means of gravity. another 750-metre-long pipeline with a diameter of 1,200 mm discharges waste water from the plant. disc filters and ultra-filtration membranes that remove sediment and finer sand particles from the raw seawater were imported from israel, while additional reverse osmosis membranes were imported from japan.
nemmeli seawater desalination plant