vishrava was the father of ravana in ramayana.
vishrava was the father of ravana in ramayana.
in ramayana who is the father of ravana?
vishrava
both the "purana"s and the "ramayana" feature the half-blood siblings of kubera. vishrava, kubera's father, also married the "rakshasa" (demon) princess kaikesi, who mothered four "rakshasa" children: ravana, the chief antagonist of the ramayana, kumbhakarna, vibhishana and soorpanaka. the "mahabharata" regards vishrava as the brother of kubera, so kubera is described as the uncle of ravana and his siblings. it records that when kubera approached brahma for the favour of superseding his father pulastya, pulastya created vishrava. to seek the favour of vishrava, kubera sent three women to him, by whom vishrava begot his demon children. ravana, after acquiring a boon of brahma, drove kubera away from lanka and seized his pushpaka vimana, which was returned to kubera after ravana's death. kubera then settled on gandhamandana mountain, near mount kailash – the cosmological abode of the god shiva—in the himalayas. sometimes, kailash itself is called kubera's residence. his city is usually called alaka or alaka-puri ("curl-city"), but also "prabha" ("splendour"), "vasudhara" ("bejeweled") and "vasu-sthali" ("abode of treasures"). there, kubera had a grove called "caitraratha", where the leaves were jewels and the fruits were girls of heaven. there is also a charming lake called "nalini" in the grove. kubera is often described as a friend of shiva in the epics. the "padma purana" says that kubera prayed to shiva for many years, and shiva granted him the kingship of yakshas.
kubera
several manuscripts of the "ramayana" mention a story in which angada drags mandodari by her hair in presence of ravana as a punishment for ravana's treatment of sita. satyatirtha, a commentator on "ramayana", dismisses this story as spurious. accoridng to this story: when all of ravana's sons and warriors die, ravana organizes a "yajna" ("fire sacrifice") to assure his victory. rama sends a troop of monkeys headed by hanuman and the monkey prince angada to destroy this "yajna". the monkeys create havoc in ravana's palace, but ravana continues the "yajna". angada drags mandodari by her hair in front of ravana. mandodari pleads to her husband to save her and reminds him what rama is doing for his wife. the enraged ravana abandons the "yajna" and strikes angada with his sword. with the "yajna" disturbed, angada's purpose is served and he leaves mandodari and escapes. mandodari again implores ravana to surrender sita to rama, but he refuses. other ramayana adaptations present more gruesome descriptions of the incident. the "krittivasi ramayan" narrates that the monkeys dragged mandodari and tore off her clothes. in "bicitra ramayana", it is hanuman who humiliates mandodari. the thai adaptation "ramakien" narrates a symbolic rape of mandodari. hanuman sleeps with her in the form of ravana and destroys her chastity, which protects ravana's life.
mandodari