the stapes is the small bone in the human body.
the stapes is the small bone in the human body.
which is the small bone in human body?
the stapes
living mammal species can be identified by the presence in females of mammary glands which produce milk. other features are required when classifying fossils, since mammary glands and other soft-tissue features are not visible in fossils. paleontologists therefore use a distinguishing feature that is shared by all living mammals (including monotremes), but is not present in any of the early triassic therapsids ("mammal-like reptiles"): mammals use two bones for hearing that all other amniotes use for eating. the earliest amniotes had a jaw joint composed of the articular (a small bone at the back of the lower jaw) and the quadrate (a small bone at the back of the upper jaw). all non-mammalian amniotes use this system including lizards, crocodilians, dinosaurs (and their descendants the birds) and therapsids; so the only ossicle in their middle ears is the stapes. but mammals have a different jaw joint, composed only of the dentary (the lower jaw bone which carries the teeth) and the squamosal (another small skull bone). in mammals, the quadrate and articular bones have evolved into the incus and malleus bones in the middle ear.
evolution of mammalian auditory ossicles
luz (bone)









































the word luz in hebrew (hebrew: 'לוז') means nut or almond. because of this it became associated with the small bone at the top of the spinal column (the first cervical vertebra, c1 or the atlas) or the coccyx, the small bone at the base of the spinal column, depending on the tradition.









































jewish traditions teach that this is the bone from which the body will be rebuilt at the time of resurrection, and share the idea that this bone does not decay.
luz (bone)