it was discovered that fingerprints were unique in 1863.
it was discovered that fingerprints were unique in 1863.
when was it discovered that fingerprints were unique?
1863
Na
Na
bullet::::- seal: the chinese have been using fingerprints as a means for identification, authentication, and verification dating back before the 3rd century bc. this has been recorded since the 3rd century bce in china – continuing for at least a millennium, and by the 8th century ad the practice had spread to japan. chinese dynastic history would utilize ancient fingerprint authentication technology long before european historical fingerprint records. chinese documents bore a clay seal marked by the fingerprint of the originator. the clay seal would provide evidence tracing the fingerprint back the originator and the uniqueness of the signature would be used for means of authentication. signatures were utilized by the chinese to consider the impression of a fingerprint on a document to be a unique signature. the seal would also contain a left thumbprint embedded on one side and a chinese script on the other for authentication. fingerprints were used as identifying marks in ancient china during the qin and han dynasties as early as 246 bce. chinese seals were used by individuals as signatures for many kinds of official documents, such as army rosters, engagements and divorces, deeds for lands and homes, legal papers and financial transactions. in addition to clay seals, the chinese also used bamboo and wooden slips to record fingerprints were used in burglary crime scene investigations. with the invention of paper by the han dynasty and six dynasties period, the availability of paper and silk would replace bamboo as a medium for recording fingerprints. fingerprints were also used as evidence in criminal and civil disputes as well as recording confessions. kia kung-yen, a chinese historian of the tang dynasty mentions the use of chinese documents dating from the tang dynasty, which allude to fingerprints used to seal contracts and legal documents. "yung-hwui", a chinese law book, specified that in order for a husband to divorce must present a document giving the reasons for the action, all letters must be in his handwriting and if unable to write, he must sign with his fingerprints. in his "jami al-tawarikh" (universal history), the persian physician rashid-al-din hamadani (also known as "rashideddin", 1247–1318) refers to the chinese practice of identifying people via their fingerprints, commenting: "experience shows that no two individuals have fingers exactly alike."
list of chinese inventions