amino acids are used instead of glucose during fatty acid synthesis.
amino acids are used instead of glucose during fatty acid synthesis.
when are amino acids used instead of glucose?
fatty acid synthesis
Na
Na
several non-proteinogenic amino acids are toxic due to their ability to mimic certain properties of proteinogenic amino acids, such as thialysine. some non-proteinogenic amino acids are neurotoxic by mimicking amino acids used as neurotransmitters (i.e. not for protein biosynthesis), e.g. quisqualic acid, canavanine or azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.









































cephalosporin c has an α-aminoadipic acid (homoglutamate) backbone that is amidated with a cephalosporin moiety. penicillamine is a therapeutic amino acid, whose mode of action is unknown.









































naturally-occurring cyanotoxins can also include non-proteinogenic amino acids. microcystin and nodularin, for example, are both derived from adda, a β-amino acid.









































section::::not amino acids.
non-proteinogenic amino acids