mark twain gave the industrial era the title the gilded age.
mark twain gave the industrial era the title the gilded age.
who gave the industrial era the title the gilded age?
mark twain
the term "gilded age" for the period of economic boom after the american civil war up to the turn of the century was applied to the era by historians in the 1920s, who took the term from one of mark twain's lesser known novels, "" (1873). the book (co-written with charles dudley warner) satirized the promised "golden age" after the civil war, portrayed as an era of serious social problems masked by a thin gold gilding of economic expansion. in the 1920s and 30s "gilded age" became a designated period in american history. the term was adopted by literary and cultural critics as well as historians, including van wyck brooks, lewis mumford, charles austin beard, mary ritter beard, vernon louis parrington and matthew josephson. for them, "gilded age" was a pejorative term used to describe a time of materialistic excesses combined with extreme poverty.
gilded age
bullet::::- hoogenboom, ari, and olive hoogenboom, eds. "the gilded age" (1967) online; 66 short annotated excerpts from primary sources.









































bullet::::- link, william a., and susannah j. link, eds. "the gilded age and progressive era: a documentary reader" (2012) excerpt and text search









































section::::further reading.:scholarly journals.









































bullet::::- "journal of the gilded age and progressive era", scholarly quarterly









































bullet::::- "journal of the gilded age and progressive era" on jstor









































bullet::::- "hayes historical journal: a journal of the gilded age" 1976-1993, selected articles full text









































section::::external links.









































bullet::::- more general information to the gilded age on the library of congress
gilded age