william graham sumner tried to evaluate attitude through the social distance.
william graham sumner tried to evaluate attitude through the social distance.
who tried to evaluate attitude through the social distance?
william graham sumner
bogardus social distance scale









































the bogardus social distance scale is a psychological testing scale created by emory s. bogardus to empirically measure people's willingness to participate in social contacts of varying degrees of closeness with members of diverse social groups, such as racial and ethnic groups.









































the scale asks people the extent to which they would be accepting of each group (a score of 1.00 for a group is taken to indicate no social distance):









































bullet::::- as close relatives by marriage ("i.e.", as the legal spouse of a close relative) (score 1.00)









































bullet::::- as my close personal friends (2.00)
bogardus social distance scale
the notion of social distance was first introduced by the sociologist emory bogardus (1925), who referred to it as the degrees of understanding and feeling that people experience regarding each other. considering the social distance phenomenon an aspect of davison’s (1983) third-person perception, perloff (1993) articulated it as a complex variable including perceived similarity, familiarity, and identification, and pointed that there are at least two different ways to conceptualize social distance. first, social distance is a continuum going from “just like me” to “not at all like me.” second, social distance reflects the heterogeneity and size of the audience. perloff (1993), reviewing 16 studies of the third-person effect, acknowledged that the phenomenon is magnified when the hypothetical others are defined in broad terms. thus, in perloff’s (2002) terms, social distance corollary is “the notion that self-other disparities grow in magnitude with increases in perceived distance between self and comparison others.”
social distance corollary