röntgen radiation is the general type of radiation used in x rays.
röntgen radiation is the general type of radiation used in x rays.
what general type of radiation is used in x rays?
röntgen radiation
x-rays make up x-radiation, a form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation. most x-rays have a wavelength ranging from 0.01 to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz (3×10 hz to 3×10 hz) and energies in the range 100 ev to 100 kev. x-ray wavelengths are shorter than those of uv rays and typically longer than those of gamma rays. in many languages, x-radiation is referred to as röntgen radiation, after the german scientist wilhelm röntgen who discovered it on november 8, 1895. he named it "x-radiation" to signify an unknown type of radiation. spelling of "x-ray(s)" in the english language includes the variants "x-ray(s)", "xray(s)", and "x ray(s)".
x-ray
recent studies indicate that adult rat neural precursor cells from the hippocampus show an acute, dose-dependent apoptotic response that was accompanied by an increase in ros. low-let protons are also used in clinical proton beam radiation therapy, at an rbe of 1.1 relative to megavoltage x rays at a high dose. ncrp report no. 153 notes that: “relative ros levels were increased at nearly all doses (1 to 10 gy) of bragg-peak 250 mev protons at post-irradiation times (6 to 24 hours) compared to unirradiated controls. the increase in ros after proton irradiation was more rapid than that observed with x rays and showed a well-defined dose response at 6 and 24 hours, increasing about 10-fold over controls at a rate of 3% per gy. however, by 48 hours post-irradiation, ros levels fell below controls and coincided with minor reductions in mitochondrial content. use of the antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid (before or after irradiation) was shown to eliminate the radiation-induced rise in ros levels. these results corroborate the earlier studies using x rays and provide further evidence that elevated ros are integral to the radioresponse of neural precursor cells.” furthermore, high-let radiation led to
central nervous system effects from radiation exposure during spaceflight