warren hastings was the first governor general of india during british rule.
warren hastings was the first governor general of india during british rule.
who was the first governor general of india during british rule?
warren hastings
by the late 18th century, most of the southern region of india had been conquered by the british and madras was established as the capital of the madras presidency. during this period, the port flourished under british rule, becoming an important naval base and urban center. a port at madras was first suggested by warren hastings in 1770 when he was posted here, who later became the first governor general of india. however, it was not until the 1850s that work began on a pier to berth vessels following suggestions from the madras chamber of commerce and industry. till 1815, it was an open roadstead and exposed sandy coast, swept by occasional storms and monsoons. at the time, the natural harbour was so shallow that ships had to anchor over offshore, and cargo was delivered to and from the shore in masula boats and catamarans. cargo losses were high, close to 90 percent, in addition to pilfering with several goods from the ships often taken to the nearby evening bazaar. a iron-screw pile pier capable of berthing larger vessels was built perpendicular to the shore in 1861. however, the storms of 1868 and 1872 made the initial piers inoperative. in 1875, edward vii laid the foundation stone for a new port, and the masonry work for l-shaped breakwaters was started in 1876. the northern and southern groynes of the harbour were constructed, to create a still water enclosure that would be unaffected by storm and surf water. however, the groynes collapsed in 1877. the same year, construction of the south pier was commenced with concrete blocks weighing 33 tonnes each brought from pallavaram, and the port started handling ships inside the harbour from 1881. however, again the storm of 12 november 1881 completely washed the almost-completed harbour, breaching over half a mile of breakwater. an artificial harbour was then built and the operations were started in 1881, and the pier was rebuilt in 1885, although there was a demand for relocating the entrance. work on the harbour was completed in 1911. the chennai port trust has taken the year 1881, the year of rebuilding, as the starting year. the cargo operations were carried out on the northern pier, located on the northeastern side of fort st. george in chennai. in the first couple of years the port registered traffic of 300,000 tonnes of cargo handling 600 ships. the first railway line in south india was laid between madras and arcot which started operating in 1856. by the late 19th century, the port was well connected to the other two important cities in the british colony, viz. bombay (mumbai) and calcutta (kolkata). in 1904, a new northeastern entrance was added to control siltation in the basin, after closing the original eastern entrance. the port's quays (berths) were constructed at different periods—the south quay i in 1913, the five west quay berths between 1916 and 1920, the north quay in 1931 and the south quay ii in 1936, in the inner harbour, later christened dr. ambedkar dock. chennai was the only indian city to be attacked by the central powers during world war i when a german cruiser, , shelled the oil depot within the port belonging to the burmah oil company and raided vessels in 1914 disrupting trade, resulting in the death of at least 5 sailors. other than calcutta, which was practically taken over by the american army, chennai port was the only other operational one in eastern waters during the second world war. in 1911, the royal madras yacht club (rmyc), which is based within the chennai port premises, was founded by sir francis joseph edward spring, the first chairman on the madras port trust who was responsible for chennai becoming a trading hub, especially during world war ii. in 1916, the harbour office building was constructed.
chennai port
bullet::::- clement francis cornwall (trinity/magdalene), lieutenant governor of british columbia (1881–1887)









































bullet::::- charles cornwallis (clare), governor-general of india (1786–1793)









































bullet::::- freeman freeman-thomas, 1st marquess of willingdon (trinity), 13th governor general of canada (1926–1931)









































bullet::::- sir robert george howe (st catharine's), governor general of the sudan (1947–1955)









































bullet::::- david lloyd johnston (trinity hall), 28th governor general of canada (2010–)









































bullet::::- sir william manning (fitzwilliam), governor of jamaica (1913–1918) and governor of ceylon (1918–1925)









































bullet::::- louis mountbatten (christ's), last viceroy of india (1947); first governor general of india (1947–1948)
list of university of cambridge people