rebirth '' is the literal meaning of the french word renaissance.
rebirth '' is the literal meaning of the french word renaissance.
what is the literal meaning of the french word renaissance?
`` rebirth ''
the word "renaissance" is a french word, whose literal translation into english is "rebirth". the word renaissance was first used and defined by french historian jules michelet (1798–1874), in his 1855 work, "histoire de france" (history of france). jules michelet defined the 16th-century renaissance in france as a period in europe's cultural history that represented a break from the middle ages, creating a modern understanding of humanity and its place in the world. as a french citizen and historian, michelet also claimed the renaissance as a french movement. his work is at the origin of the use of the french word "renaissance" in other languages.
french renaissance
glucksberg argued and showed that non-literal meanings can be comprehended as easily as literal meanings. it is not dependent on failure to find a literal meaning but instead a mandatory and automatic process. he proved that non-literal meaning is comprehended just as easily as literal meaning in his experiment where he had participants listen to metaphors like "jerry first knew that loneliness was a desert* when he was very young." while listening, target words would appear, and participants had to decide whether or not they were words. for the example above, there were three different types of target words, metaphorical, literal, and control. the words that corresponded with these categories were "isolate", "sand", and "mustache". the findings showed that participants were faster with metaphorical and literal target words than they were with the control words. in the next experiment he showed that metaphors are understood directly as categorical assertions. this experiment was modeled after stroop's classic experiment that people cannot ignore literal meanings. in this well-known experiment, color words were presented in a different color than the word (for example the word "red" would be in the color green) and participants were asked to say the color of the ink. they had difficulty saying green when the word red was printed, meaning they could not inhibit reading words that are attended. glucksberg applied this knowledge to literally false but metaphorically true sentences. participants were shown sentences one at a time and then told to determine whether or not they were literally true or false. there were four different types of sentences used, literally true, literally false, metaphors, and scrambled metaphors (metaphors that make no sense). if metaphorical meanings were ignored, then people should reject them at the same speed they do for the scrambled metaphors. but if metaphorical meanings are automatically registered then they should take longer to judge as false than their scrambled counterparts because of the response competition between the true non-literal meanings and the false literal ones of the metaphor sentences. the results showed that people had more difficulty deciding if the metaphors were literally false.
sam glucksberg