the tendency for individual effort to decline as group size increases refers to collective efficacy.
the tendency for individual effort to decline as group size increases refers to collective efficacy.
the tendency for individual effort to decline as group size increases refers to?
collective efficacy
the ringelmann effect is the tendency for individual members of a group to become increasingly less productive as the size of their group increases. this effect, discovered by french agricultural engineer maximilien ringelmann (1861–1931), illustrates the inverse relationship that exists between the size of a group and the magnitude of group members’ individual contribution to the completion of a task. while studying the relationship between process loss (i.e., reductions in performance effectiveness or efficiency) and group productivity, ringelmann (1913) found that having group members work together on a task (e.g., pulling a rope) actually results in significantly less effort than when individual members are acting alone. furthermore, ringelmann discovered that as more and more people are added to a group, the group often becomes increasingly inefficient, ultimately violating the notion that group effort and team participation reliably leads to increased effort on behalf of the members.
ringelmann effect
statistical measures of group size roughly fall into two categories.









































section::::outsiders' view of group size.









































bullet::::- group size is the number of individuals within a group;









































bullet::::- mean group size, the arithmetic mean of group sizes averaged over groups;









































bullet::::- confidence interval for mean group size;









































bullet::::- median group size, the median of group sizes calculated over groups;









































bullet::::- confidence interval for median group size.









































section::::insiders' view of group size.
group size measures