sugarcane is the biggest crop in the world.
sugarcane is the biggest crop in the world.
what is the biggest crop in the world?
sugarcane
ratooning is an ancient method of propagation in sugarcane in which subterranean buds on the stubble (the part of cane left underground after harvesting) give rise to a new crop stand, which is usually referred to as the 'ratoon' or the 'stubble crop' as opposed to 'plant crop', which is raised from seeds or seedlings. ratooning reduces the cost of cultivation by dispensing with additional seed material and some cultural practices such as land preparation and preparatory irrigation ("palewa"). it also results in early ripening of canes by at least a month or so, thus it adds to the effective crushing period. sugarcane has a tremendous ratooning potential, and the oldest cultivated ratoon, being ratooned since 1757, in east china, in fujian province, stands to its testimony. the number of ratoons in sugarcane production cycles varies throughout the world, "i.e.," from one plant crop in indonesia and some parts of china, one plant crop and a ratoon crop in india, fiji and some parts of china, to six or more successive ratoons in mauritius, cuba, venezuela, clayey soils of zimbabwe, some parts of puerto rico, etc. the later is also referred to as multiple ratooning. a decline in cane yield in successive ratoon crops, the ratoon decline, on the order of 20%, had been reported from many sugarcane-growing areas in india; the decline is more (up to 40% ) in subtropical india. causes for this decline are: poor ratoon management, inherited differences in potential (ratoon) productivity, increasing incidence of diseases (like smut, grassy shoot disease, and red rot) which result in stands with gaps (studies conducted in india have shown that a gap over 10% significantly affects productivity of a ratoon crop), relatively less efficient enzyme systems (particularly nitrate reductase activity, "in vivo" and prevalence of low temperatures during harvest, especially for early-ripening varieties and ratoon crop(s) in subtropical india which affects sprouting of stubble buds, etc. insect pests also assume importance in a ratoon crop as: stubble acts as a 'carry-over' of the inocula of pests both for coming up ratoon and for the neighbouring sugarcane crop(s), improperly looked-after crop gets infested by a number of insect pests, emerging sprouts of a ratoon crop favour rapid development and multiplication of some of the insect pests, and insect associated with stubble affect sprouting causing gaps which ultimately affect productivity of the ratoon crop, "per se".
ratooning
in 2003, australia's gene technology regulator approved the release of canola genetically modified to make it resistant to glufosinate ammonium, a herbicide. the introduction of the genetically modified crop to australia generated considerable controversy. canola is australia's third biggest crop, and is used often by wheat farmers as a break crop to improve soil quality. as of 2008, the only genetically modified crops in australia were canola, cotton, and carnations.









































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