cell division occurs in mitosis in the cell cycle.
cell division occurs in mitosis in the cell cycle.
where does cell division occur in the cell cycle?
mitosis
the cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to duplication of its dna (dna replication) and division of cytoplasm and organelles to produce two daughter cells. in bacteria, which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle is divided into the b, c, and d periods. the b period extends from the end of cell division to the beginning of dna replication. dna replication occurs during the c period. the d period refers to the stage between the end of dna replication and the splitting of the bacterial cell into two daughter cells. in cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle is also divided into two main stages: interphase and the mitotic (m) phase (including mitosis and cytokinesis). during interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, and undergoes dna replication preparing it for cell division. during the mitotic phase, the replicated chromosomes and cytoplasm separate into two new daughter cells. to ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.
cell cycle
the relationship between cellular proliferation and mitochondria has been investigated using cervical cancer hela cells. tumor cells require an ample amount of atp (adenosine triphosphate) in order to synthesize bioactive compounds such as lipids, proteins, and nucleotides for rapid cell proliferation. the majority of atp in tumor cells is generated via the oxidative phosphorylation pathway (oxphos). interference with oxphos have shown to cause cell cycle arrest suggesting that mitochondria play a role in cell proliferation. mitochondrial atp production is also vital for cell division in addition to other basic functions in the cell including the regulation of cell volume, solute concentration, and cellular architecture. atp levels differ at various stages of the cell cycle suggesting that there is a relationship between the abundance of atp and the cell's ability to enter a new cell cycle. atp's role in the basic functions of the cell make the cell cycle sensitive to changes in the availability of mitochondrial derived atp. the variation in atp levels at different stages of the cell cycle support the hypothesis that mitochondria play an important role in cell cycle regulation. although the specific mechanisms between mitochondria and the cell cycle regulation is not well understood, studies have shown that low energy cell cycle checkpoints monitor the energy capability before committing to another round of cell division.
mitochondrion