spain gave the united states full control of the philippines by surrendering and signing a protocol of peace on august 13, 1898.
spain gave the united states full control of the philippines by surrendering and signing a protocol of peace on august 13, 1898.
when did spain give the united states full control of the philippines by surrendering and signing a protocol of peace?
august 13, 1898
on july 24, 1898, the spanish peninsular government had replaced governor-general basilio augustín with fermín jáudens (acting). on august 13, 1898, jáudens was replaced by francisco rizzo (acting), who was replaced in september 1898 by diego de los ríos (acting). on august 13, with american commanders unaware that a peace protocol had been signed in washington, d.c. between spain and the united states on the previous day, american forces captured the city of manila from the spanish. the next day, august 14, u.s. military government was established with major general wesley merritt as the first military governor. general merritt received news of the august 12 peace protocol on august 16, three days after the surrender of manila. in early december 1898, general rios moved the spanish philippine capital from manila to iloilo. on december 24, rios and the spanish garrison departed iloilo after being driven out by local revolutionaries. by december 28, spanish troops had evacuated all garrisons in the south philippines except zamboanga and jolo. initially, rios relocated the spanish capital to zamboanga, but on january 1 or 2, 1899, he relocated it again, this time back to manila, where he could more effectively seek the release of spanish pows. on january 4, 1899, u.s. general elwell otis issued a proclamation announcing that the united states had obtained possession and control of all of the philippines from the spanish.
sovereignty of the philippines
meriwether lewis wrote that the vancouver area was "the only desired situation for settlement west of the rocky mountains." the first permanent european settlement did not occur until 1824, when fort vancouver was established as a fur trading post of the hudson's bay company. from that time on, the area was settled by both the us and britain under a "joint occupation" agreement. joint occupation led to the oregon boundary dispute and ended on june 15, 1846, with the signing of the oregon treaty, which gave the united states full control of the area. before 1845, american henry williamson laid out a large claim west of the hudson's bay company (including part of the present-day port of vancouver), called vancouver city and properly registered his claim at the u.s. courthouse in oregon city, before leaving for california. in 1850, amos short traced over the claim of williamson and named the town columbia city. it changed to vancouver in 1855. the city of vancouver was incorporated on january 23, 1857.
vancouver, washington