elizabeth fishman was a prominent german-american pioneer in eyewitness testimony in the 20th century.
elizabeth fishman was a prominent german-american pioneer in eyewitness testimony in the 20th century.
who was a prominent german-american pioneer in eyewitness testimony in the 20th century?
elizabeth fishman
section::::reliability.









































psychologists have probed the reliability of eyewitness testimony since the beginning of the 20th century. one prominent pioneer was hugo münsterberg, whose controversial book "on the witness stand" (1908) demonstrated the fallibility of eyewitness accounts, but met with fierce criticism, particularly in legal circles. his ideas did, however, gain popularity with the public. decades later, dna testing would clear individuals convicted on the basis of errant eyewitness testimony. studies by scheck, neufel, and dwyer showed that many dna-based exonerations involved eyewitness evidence.
eyewitness testimony
eyewitness testimony is a commonly recurring topic in the discussion of reconstructive memory and its accuracy is the subject of many studies. eyewitness testimony is any firsthand accounts given by individuals of an event they have witnessed. eyewitness testimony is used to acquire details about the event and even to identify the perpetrators of the event. eyewitness testimony is used often in court and is viewed favourably by juries as a reliable source of information.









































unfortunately, eyewitness testimony can be easily manipulated by a variety of factors such as:









































bullet::::- anxiety and stress









































bullet::::- schema









































bullet::::- the cross-race effect
reconstructive memory