electrons that are involved in a covalent bond are located in the outer shell.
electrons that are involved in a covalent bond are located in the outer shell.
where are electrons that are involved in a covalent bond located?
outer shell
covalent bond









































a covalent bond, also called a molecular bond, is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. these electron pairs are known as shared pairs or bonding pairs, and the stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms, when they share electrons, is known as covalent bonding. for many molecules, the sharing of electrons allows each atom to attain the equivalent of a full outer shell, corresponding to a stable electronic configuration. in organic chemistry covalent bonds are much more common than ionic bonds.
covalent bond
coordinate covalent bond









































a coordinate covalent bond, also known as a dative bond or coordinate bond is a kind of 2-center, 2-electron covalent bond in which the two electrons derive from the same atom. the bonding of metal ions to ligands involves this kind of interaction. this type of interaction is central to lewis acid-base theory.









































section::::examples.









































coordinate covalent bonding is pervasive. in all metal aquo-complexes [m(ho)], the bonding between water and the metal cation is described as a coordinate covalent bond. metal-ligand interactions in most organometallic compounds and most coordination compounds are described similarly.
coordinate covalent bond