in 2011 oil was the dominant source of energy in the world.
in 2011 oil was the dominant source of energy in the world.
in 2011 what was the dominant source of energy in the world?
oil
the evolution of gasoline followed the evolution of oil as the dominant source of energy in the industrializing world. prior to world war one, britain was the world's greatest industrial power and depended on its navy to protect the shipping of raw materials from its colonies. germany was also industrializing and, like britain, lacked many natural resources which had to be shipped to the home country. by the 1890s, germany began to pursue a policy of global prominence and began building a navy to compete with britain's. coal was the fuel that powered their navies. though both britain and germany had natural coal reserves, new developments in oil as a fuel for ships changed the situation. coal-powered ships were a tactical weakness because the process of loading coal was extremely slow and dirty and left the ship completely vulnerable to attack, and unreliable supplies of coal at international ports made long-distance voyages impractical. the advantages of petroleum oil soon found the navies of the world converting to oil, but britain and germany had very few domestic oil reserves. britain eventually solved its naval oil dependence by securing oil from royal dutch shell and the anglo-persian oil company and this determined from where and of what quality its gasoline would come.
gasoline
note that the source of increasing "order flow toxicity" on may 6, 2010, is not determined in easley, lopez de prado, and o'hara's 2011 publication. whether a dominant source of toxic order flow on may 6, 2010, was from firms representing public investors or whether a dominant source was intermediary or other proprietary traders could have a significant effect on regulatory proposals put forward to prevent another flash crash. according to bloomberg, the vpin metric is the subject of a pending patent application filed by the paper's three authors, maureen o'hara and david easley of cornell university, and marcos lopez de prado, of tudor investment corporation.
2010 flash crash