light independent reactions take place at thylakoid lumen.
light independent reactions take place at thylakoid lumen.
where do the light independent reactions take place?
thylakoid lumen
light-dependent reactions









































in photosynthesis, the light-dependent reactions take place on the thylakoid membranes. the inside of the thylakoid membrane is called the lumen, and outside the thylakoid membrane is the stroma, where the light-independent reactions take place. the thylakoid membrane contains some integral membrane protein complexes that catalyze the light reactions. there are four major protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane: photosystem ii (psii), cytochrome b6f complex, photosystem i (psi), and atp synthase. these four complexes work together to ultimately create the products atp and nadph.
light-dependent reactions
section::::light-independent reactions.









































section::::light-independent reactions.:calvin cycle.









































in the light-independent (or "dark") reactions, the enzyme rubisco captures co from the atmosphere and, in a process called the calvin cycle, it uses the newly formed nadph and releases three-carbon sugars, which are later combined to form sucrose and starch. the overall equation for the light-independent reactions in green plants is
photosynthesis