the national industrial recovery act ended on august 5, 1933.
the national industrial recovery act ended on august 5, 1933.
when did the national industrial recovery act end?
august 5, 1933
the act was implemented by the nra and the public works administration (pwa). very large numbers of regulations were generated under the authority granted to the nra by the act, which led to a significant loss of political support for roosevelt and the new deal. the nira was set to expire in june 1935, but in a major constitutional ruling the u.s. supreme court held title i of the act unconstitutional on may 27, 1935, in "schechter poultry corp. v. united states", 295 u.s. 495 (1935). the national industrial recovery act is widely considered a policy failure, both in the 1930s and by historians today. disputes over the reasons for this failure continue. among the suggested causes are that the act promoted economically harmful monopolies, that the act lacked critical support from the business community, and that it was poorly administered. the act encouraged union organizing, which led to significant labor unrest. the nira had no mechanisms for handling these problems, which led congress to pass the national labor relations act in 1935. the act was also a major force behind a major modification of the law criminalizing making false statements.
national industrial recovery act of 1933
reed's invaluable assistance in defending the federal government's interests in "the gold clause cases" led roosevelt to appoint him solicitor general. j. crawford biggs, the incumbent solicitor general, was generally considered ineffective if not incompetent (he had lost 10 of the 17 cases he argued in his first five months in office). biggs resigned on march 14, 1935. reed was named his replacement on march 18 and confirmed by the senate on march 25. he was confronted by an office in chaos. several major challenges to the national industrial recovery act—considered the cornerstone of the new deal—were reaching the supreme court, and reed was forced to drop the appeals because the office of the solicitor general was unprepared to argue them. reed worked quickly to restore order, and subsequent briefs were noted for their strong legal argument and extensive research. reed soon brought before the high court appeals of the constitutionality of the agricultural adjustment act, securities act of 1933, , national labor relations act, bankhead cotton control act, public utility holding company act of 1935, guffey coal control act, bituminous coal conservation act of 1935 and the enabling act for the tennessee valley authority, and revived the battle over the national industrial recovery act (nira). the press of appeals was so great that reed argued six major cases before the supreme court in two weeks. on december 10, 1935, he collapsed from exhaustion during oral argument before the court. reed lost a number of these cases, including "schechter poultry corp. v. united states", (invalidating the national industrial recovery act) and "united states v. butler", (invalidating the agricultural adjustment act).
stanley forman reed