thomas edison invented a method for recording sound on flat discs.
thomas edison invented a method for recording sound on flat discs.
who invented a method for recording sound on flat discs?
thomas edison
the phonograph was invented in 1877 by thomas edison. while other inventors had produced devices that could record sounds, edison's phonograph was the first to be able to reproduce the recorded sound. his phonograph originally recorded sound onto a tinfoil sheet wrapped around a rotating cylinder. a stylus responding to sound vibrations produced an up and down or hill-and-dale groove in the foil. alexander graham bell's volta laboratory made several improvements in the 1880s and introduced the "graphophone", including the use of wax-coated cardboard cylinders and a cutting stylus that moved from side to side in a zigzag groove around the record. in the 1890s, emile berliner initiated the transition from phonograph cylinders to flat discs with a spiral groove running from the periphery to near the center, coining the term "gramophone" for disc record players, which is predominantly used in many languages. later improvements through the years included modifications to the turntable and its drive system, the stylus or needle, and the sound and equalization systems.
phonograph
seawater with a typical salinity of 35‰ has a freezing point of about −1.8 °c (28.8 °f). when its temperature becomes low enough, ice crystals form on the surface. these break into small pieces and coalesce into flat discs that form a thick suspension known as frazil. in calm conditions this freezes into a thin flat sheet known as nilas, which thickens as new ice forms on its underside. in more turbulent seas, frazil crystals join together into flat discs known as pancakes. these slide under each other and coalesce to form floes. in the process of freezing, salt water and air are trapped between the ice crystals. nilas may have a salinity of 12–15 ‰, but by the time the sea ice is one year old, this falls to 4–6 ‰.
sea