diastolic pressure is a medical term that means decrease in blood pressure.
diastolic pressure is a medical term that means decrease in blood pressure.
a medical term that means decrease in blood pressure is?
diastolic pressure
a large fall in blood pressure upon standing (persistent systolic/diastolic blood pressure decrease of 20/10 mm hg) is termed orthostatic hypotension (postural hypotension) and represents a failure of the body to compensate for the effect of gravity on the circulation. standing results in an increased hydrostatic pressure in the blood vessels of the lower limbs. the consequent distension of the veins below the diaphragm (venous pooling) causes ~500 ml of blood to be relocated from the chest and upper body. this results in a rapid decrease in central blood volume and a reduction of ventricular preload which in turn reduces stroke volume, and mean arterial pressure. normally this is compensated for by multiple mechanisms, including activation of the autonomic nervous system which increases heart rate, myocardial contractility and systemic arterial vasoconstriction to preserve blood pressure and elicits venous vasoconstriction to decrease venous compliance. decreased venous compliance also results from an intrinsic myogenic increase in venous smooth muscle tone in response to the elevated pressure in the veins of the lower body. other compensatory mechanisms include the veno-arteriolar axon reflex, the 'skeletal muscle pump' and 'respiratory pump'. together these mechanisms normally stabilize blood pressure within a minute or less. if these compensatory mechanisms fail and arterial pressure and blood flow decrease beyond a certain point, the perfusion of the brain becomes critically compromised (i.e., the blood supply is not sufficient), causing lightheadedness, dizziness, weakness or fainting. usually this failure of compensation is due to diseases or drugs that affect the sympathetic nervous system. a similar effect is observed following the experience of excessive gravitational forces (g-loading), such as routinely experienced by aerobatic or combat pilots 'pulling gs' where the extreme hydrostatic pressures exceed the ability of the body's compensatory mechanisms.
blood pressure
for an accurate diagnosis of hypertension to be made, it is essential for proper blood pressure measurement technique to be used. improper measurement of blood pressure is common and can change the blood pressure reading by up to 10 mmhg, which can lead to misdiagnosis and misclassification of hypertension. correct blood pressure measurement technique involves several steps. proper blood pressure measurement requires the person whose blood pressure is being measured to sit quietly for at least five minutes which is then followed by application of a properly fitted blood pressure cuff to a bare upper arm. the person should be seated with their back supported, feet flat on the floor, and with their legs uncrossed. the person whose blood pressure is being measured should avoid talking or moving during this process. the arm being measured should be supported on a flat surface at the level of the heart. blood pressure measurement should be done in a quiet room so the medical professional checking the blood pressure can hear the korotkoff sounds while listening to the brachial artery with a stethoscope for accurate blood pressure measurements. the blood pressure cuff should be deflated slowly (2-3 mmhg per second) while listening for the korotkoff sounds. the bladder should be emptied before a person's blood pressure is measured since this can increase blood pressure by up to 15/10 mmhg. multiple blood pressure readings (at least two) spaced 1–2 minutes apart should be obtained to ensure accuracy. ambulatory blood pressure monitoring over 12 to 24 hours is the most accurate method to confirm the diagnosis. an exception to this is those with very high blood pressure readings especially when there is poor organ function.
hypertension