wojciech jaruzelski became the president of poland in 1990.
wojciech jaruzelski became the president of poland in 1990.
who became the president of poland in 1990?
wojciech jaruzelski
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u.s. president ronald reagan and pope john paul ii placed great pressure on the soviet union in the 1980s, leading to poland's independence. reagan supported poland's independence by actively protesting against martial law. he urged americans to light candles for poland to show support for their freedoms which were being repressed by communist rule. in 1982, reagan met with leaders from western europe to push for economic sanctions on the soviet union in return for liberalizing poland. reportedly, european leaders were wary of russia and sought to practice an ongoing detente, but reagan pressed firmly for punitive measures against the ussr. the public image of the polish suffering in an economically and politically backward state hurt the soviets' image abroad; to change public perception, the soviets granted amnesty to several polish prisoners and gave a one-time economic stimulus to boost the polish economy. george h. w. bush met with solidarity leaders in poland beginning in 1987 as vice president. on april 17, 1989, bush, in his first foreign policy address as president, announced his economic policy toward poland, the address venue, hamtramck, was chosen because it had a large polish american population. banners at the event included solidarnosc signs and a backdrop of "hamtramck: a touch of europe in america". bush's announcement was politically risky because it promised trade and financial credit during a tight u.s. budget, and for placing the white house, and not the state department, as the key decision maker on foreign diplomacy. bush's original aid plan was a modest stimulus package estimated at $2–20 million, but by 1990, the united states and allies granted poland a package of $1 billion to revitalize its newly capitalist market. the u.s. ambassador in poland john r. davis found that bush's speech was closely watched in poland and poles were eagerly awaiting follow-up on his speech. davis predicted that the july 1989 visit by bush to poland "will be an action-forcing event for the polish leadership" and could radically change their government. in poland, davis assessed that, "the u.s. occupies such an exaggerated place of honor in the minds of most poles that it goes beyond rational description." the perception of the u.s., according to davis, was partially "derive from economic prosperity and lifestyle, enjoyed by 10 million polish-americans and envied by their siblings and cousins left behind."
history of the poles in the united states