the last forced sterilization united states was on august 11, 2015.
the last forced sterilization united states was on august 11, 2015.
when was the last forced sterilization united states?
august 11, 2015
bangladesh has a long running government operated civilian exploitative sterilization program as a part of its population control policy, where poor women and men are mainly targeted. the government offers 2000 bangladeshi taka (us$24) for the woman who are persuaded to undergo tubal ligation and for the man who are persuaded to undergo vasectomy. women are also offered a sari (a garment worn by women in indian subcontinent) and men are offered a lungi (a garment for men) to wear for undergoing sterilization. the referrer, who persuades the woman or man to undergo sterilization gets 300 bangladeshi taka (us$3.60). in 1965, the targeted number of sterilizations per month was 600–1000 in contrast to the insertion of 25,000 iuds, which was increased in 1978 to about 50,000 sterilizations per month on average. a 50% rise in the amount paid to men coincided with a doubling of the number of vasectomies between 1980 and 1981. one study done in 1977, when incentives were only equivalent to us$1.10 (at that time), indicated that between 40% and 60% of the men chose vasectomy because of the payment, who otherwise did not have any serious urge to get sterilized. the "bangladesh association for voluntary sterilization", alone performed 67,000 tubal ligations and vasectomies in its 25 clinics in 1982. the rate of sterilization increased 25 percent each year. on 16 december 1982, bangladesh's military ruler lieutenant general hussain muhammad ershad launched a two-year mass sterilization program for bangladeshi women and men. about 3,000 women and men were planned to be sterilized on 16 december 1982 (the opening day). ershad's government trained 1,200 doctors and 25,000 field workers who must conduct two tubal ligations and two vasectomies each month to earn their salaries. and the government wanted to persuade 1.4 million people, both women and men to undergo sterilization within two years. one population control expert called it 'the largest sterilization program in the world'. by january 1983, 40,000 government field workers were employed in bangladesh's 65,000 villages to persuade women and men to undergo sterilization and to promote usage of birth-control across the country. food subsidies under the group feeding program (vgf) were given to only those women with certificates showing that they had undergone tubal ligation. in the 1977 study, a one-year follow-up of 585 men sterilized at vasectomy camps in shibpur and shalna in rural bangladesh showed that almost half of the men were dissatisfied with their vasectomies. 58% of the men said their ability to work had decreased in the last year. 2–7% of the men said their sexual performance decreases. 30.6% of the shibpur and 18.9% of the shalna men experienced severe pain during the vasectomy. the men also said they had not received all of the incentives they had been promised. according to another study on 5042 women and 264 men who underwent sterilization, complications such as painful urination, shaking chills, fever for at least two days, frequent urination, bleeding from the incision, sore with pus, stitches or skin breaking open, weakness and dizziness arose after the sterilization. the person's sex, the sponsor and workload in the sterilization center, and the dose of sedatives administered to women were significantly associated with specific postoperative complaints. five women died during the study, resulting in a death-to-case rate of 9.9/10,000 tubectomies (tubal ligations); four deaths were due to respiratory arrest caused by overuse of sedatives. the death-to-case rate of 9.9/10,000 tubectomies (tubal ligation) in this study is similar to the 10.0 deaths/10,000 cases estimated on the basis of a 1979 follow-up study in an indian female sterilization camp. the presence of a complaint before the operation was generally a good predictor of postoperative complaints. centers performing fewer than 200 procedures were associated with more complaints. according to another study based on 20 sterilization-attributable deaths in dacca (now dhaka) and rajshahi divisions in bangladesh, from january 1, 1979 to march 31, 1980, overall, the sterilization-attributable death-to-case rate was 21.3 deaths/100,000 sterilizations. the death rate for vasectomy was 1.6 times higher than that for tubal ligation. anesthesia overdosage was the leading cause of death following tubal ligation along with tetanus (24%), where intraperitoneal hemorrhage (14%), and infection other than tetanus (5%) was other leading causes of death. two women (10%) died from pulmonary embolism after tubal ligation; one (5%) died from each of the following: anaphylaxis from anti-tetanus serum, heat stroke, small bowel obstruction, and aspiration of vomitus. all seven men died from scrotal infections after vasectomy. according to a second epidemiologic investigation of deaths attributable to sterilization in bangladesh, where all deaths resulting from sterilizations performed nationwide between september 16, 1980, and april 15, 1981, were investigated and analyzed, nineteen deaths from tubal ligation were attributed to 153,032 sterilizations (both tubal ligation and vasectomy), for an overall death-to-case rate of 12.4 deaths per 100,000 sterilizations. this rate was lower than that (21.3) for sterilizations performed in dacca (now dhaka) and rajshahi divisions from january 1, 1979, to march 31, 1980, although this difference was not statistically significant. anesthesia overdosage, tetanus, and hemorrhage (bleeding) were the leading causes of death. there are reports that often when a woman had to undergo a gastrointestinal surgery, doctors took this opportunity to sterilize her without her knowledge. according to bangladesh governmental website "national emergency service", the 2000 bangladeshi taka (us$24) and the sari/lungi given to the persons undergoing sterilizations are their "compensations". where bangladesh government also assures the poor people that it will cover all medical expenses if complications arise after the sterilization. for the women who are persuaded to have iud inserted into uterus, the government also offers 150 bangladeshi taka (us$1.80) after the procedure and 80+80+80=240 bangladeshi taka (0.96+0.96+0.96=2.88 usd) in three followups, where the referrer gets 50 bangladeshi taka (us$0.60). and for the women who are persuaded to have etonogestrel birth control implant placed under the skin in upper arm, the government offers 150 bangladeshi taka (us$1.80) after the procedure and 70+70+70=210 bangladeshi taka (0.84+0.84+0.84=2.52 usd) in three followups, where the referrer gets 60 bangladeshi taka (us$0.72). these civilian exploitative sterilization programs are funded by the countries from northern europe and the united states. world bank is also known to have sponsored these civilian exploitative sterilization programs in bangladesh. historically, world bank is known to have pressured 3rd world governments to implement population control programs. bangladesh is the 8th largest country in the world by population, having a population of 163,466,000 as of 12 november 2017, despite being ranked 94th by total area having an area of 147,570 km². bangladesh has the highest population density in the world among the countries having at least 10 million population. the capital dhaka is the 4th most densely populated city in the world, which ranked as the world's 2nd most unlivable city, just behind damascus, syria according to the annual "liveability ranking" 2015 by the economist intelligence unit (eiu).
compulsory sterilization
compulsory or forced sterilization programs or government policy attempt to force people to undergo surgical sterilization without their freely given consent. people from marginalized communities are at most risk of forced sterilization. forced sterilization has occurred in recent years in eastern europe (against roma women), and in peru (during the 1990s against indigenous women). china's one-child policy was intended to limit the rise in population numbers, but in some situations involved forced sterilisation.









































section::::coercive interference with family planning.:sexual violence.
family planning