catholic missionaries established the first spanish settlements in texas.
catholic missionaries established the first spanish settlements in texas.
what group established the first spanish settlements in texas?
catholic missionaries
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spain quickly established full colonies on caribbean islands, especially hispaniola (now haiti and the dominican republic) and cuba, following the first of christopher columbus in 1492. they founded cities as permanent settlements, where institutions of crown rule were established for civil administration and the roman catholic church. cities attracted a range of settlers. although the spanish were to encounter the high civilizations of the aztecs and the incas in the early sixteenth century, their quarter-century of settlement in the caribbean established some important patterns that persisted. spanish expansionism had a tradition dating to the reconquest of the peninsula from the muslims, completed in 1492. participants in the military campaigns expected material rewards for their service. in the new world, these rewards to spaniards were grants to individual men for the labor service and tribute of particular indigenous communities, known as the "encomienda". evidence of gold in the caribbean islands prompted spanish holders of encomiendas to compel their indigenous to mine for gold in streams, often to the detriment of cultivating their crops. placer mining initially produced enough wealth to keep the spanish enterprise going, but the indigenous population was in precipitous decline even before the easily exploitable deposits were exhausted by around 1515. spanish exploration sought indigenous slaves to replace the native populations of the first spanish settlements. spaniards sought another high value product and began cultivating sugar cane, a crop imported from spanish-controlled atlantic islands. indigenous labor was replaced by african slave labor, and initiated centuries of the slave trade. even with a viable export product, the spanish settlements in the caribbean were economically disappointing. nonetheless, in 1503 the crown established the "casa de contratación" (house of trade) in seville to control trade and immigration to the new world. it remained an integral part of spanish political and economic policy during the colonial era. it was not until the accidental spanish encounter with mainland mexico and subsequent spanish conquest of the aztec empire (1519–21) that spain's dreams of wealth from the new world materialized.
latin american economy