age-related loss of muscle mass and strength is called obesity.
age-related loss of muscle mass and strength is called obesity.
age-related loss of muscle mass and strength is called?
obesity
β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (hmb), a metabolite of leucine which is sold as a dietary supplement, has demonstrated efficacy in preventing the loss of muscle mass in several muscle wasting conditions in humans, particularly sarcopenia. a growing body of evidence supports the efficacy of hmb as a treatment for reducing, or even reversing, the loss of muscle mass, muscle function, and muscle strength in hypercatabolic disease states such as cancer cachexia; consequently, it is recommended that both the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia and muscle wasting in general include supplementation with hmb, regular resistance exercise, and consumption of a high-protein diet. based upon a meta-analysis of seven randomized controlled trials that was published in 2015, hmb supplementation has efficacy as a treatment for preserving lean muscle mass in older adults. more research is needed to determine the precise effects of hmb on muscle strength and function in this age group.
muscle atrophy
more recently, research has suggested that epigenetics may play a distinct role in orchestrating a muscle memory phenomenon indeed, previously untrained human participants experienced a chronic period of resistance exercise training (7 weeks) that evoked significant increases in skeletal muscle mass of the vastus lateralis muscle, in the quadriceps muscle group. following a similar period of physical in-activity (7 weeks), where strength and muscle mass returned to baseline, participants performed a secondary period of resistance exercise. importantly, these participants adapted in an enhanced manner, whereby the amount of skeletal muscle mass gained was greater in the second period of muscle growth then the first, suggesting a muscle memory concept. the researchers went on to examine the human epigenome in order to understand how dna methylation may aid in creating this effect. during the first period of resistance exercise, the authors identify significant adaptations in the human methylome, whereby over 9,000 cpg sites were reported as being significantly hypomethylated, with these adaptations being sustained during the subsequent period of physical in-activity. however, upon secondary exposure to resistance exercise, a greater frequency of hypomethylated cpg sites was observed, where over 18,000 sites reported as being significantly hypomethylated. the authors went on to identify how these changes altered the expression of relevant transcripts, and subsequently correlated these changes with adaptations in skeletal muscle mass. collectively, the authors conclude that skeletal muscle mass and muscle memory phenomenon is, at least in part, modulated due to changes in dna methylation. further work is now needed to confirm and explore these findings.
muscle memory