national emergency was declared for the first time in india in 1962.
national emergency was declared for the first time in india in 1962.
when was national emergency declared for the first time in india?
1962
originally at the beginning, national emergency could be declared on the basis of "external aggression or war" and "internal disturbance" in the whole of india or a part of its territory under article 352. such an emergency was declared in india in 1962 war (china war), 1971 war (papistan war), and 1975 internal disturbance (declared by indira gandhi). but after 44th amendment act 1978, national emergency can only be declared on grounds of "external aggression or war", also called as external emergency & on the ground of "armed rebellion", also called as internal emergency.
state of emergency in india
in a major turn of events, the congress lost control of india for the first time in independent india in the indian general election, (23/3/1977 – 22/8/1979). the election came after the end of the emergency that prime minister gandhi had imposed in 1975; it effectively ended democracy, suppressed the opposition, and took control of the media with authoritarian measures. the opposition called for a restoration of democracy and indians saw the election results as a repudiation of the emergency. the sixth general elections, which were conducted for 542 seats from 542 constituencies, represented 27 indian states and union territories. the state of emergency declared by the congress government was the core issue in the 1977 elections. civil liberties were suspended during the national emergency from 25 june 1975 to 21 march 1977 and prime minister indira gandhi assumed vast powers. gandhi had become extremely unpopular for her decision and paid for it during the elections. gandhi, on 23 january, called fresh elections for march and released all political prisoners. four opposition parties, the organisation congress, the jan sangh, the bharatiya lok dal and the socialist party, decided to fight the elections as a single party, called the janata party. the janata party reminded voters of excesses and human rights violations during the emergency, like compulsory sterilisation and imprisonment of political leaders. the janata campaign said the elections would decide whether india would have "democracy or dictatorship." the congress tried to woo voters by speaking about the need for a strong government but the tide was against it. the indian national congress lost all its seats in uttar pradesh and the nawab too had to leave his seat. however, the nawab came back strongly from his past defeat and won the seventh general elections (10/1/1980 – 31/12/1984)
zulfikar ali khan