dr faust sold his soul to mephistopheles.
dr faust sold his soul to mephistopheles.
who did dr faust sell his soul too?
mephistopheles
the first part of "faust" is not divided into acts, but is structured as a sequence of scenes in a variety of settings. after a dedicatory poem and a prelude in the theater, the actual plot begins with a prologue in heaven, where the lord bets mephistopheles, an agent of the devil, that mephistopheles cannot lead astray the lord's favorite striving scholar, dr. faust. we then see faust in his study, who, disappointed by the knowledge and results obtainable by science's natural means, attempts and fails to gain knowledge of nature and the universe by magical means. dejected in this failure, faust contemplates suicide, but is held back by the sounds of the beginning easter celebrations. he joins his assistant wagner for an easter walk in the countryside, among the celebrating people, and is followed home by a poodle. back in the study, the poodle transforms itself into mephistopheles, who offers faust a contract: he will do faust's bidding on earth, and faust will do the same for him in hell (if, as faust adds in an important side clause, mephistopheles can get him to be satisfied and to want a moment to last forever). faust signs in blood, and mephistopheles first takes him to auerbach's tavern in leipzig, where the devil plays tricks on some drunken revelers. having then been transformed into a young man by a witch, faust encounters margaret (gretchen) and she excites his desires. through a scheme involving jewellery and gretchen's neighbour marthe, mephistopheles brings about faust's and gretchen's liaison. after a period of separation, faust seduces gretchen, who accidentally kills her mother with a sleeping potion given to her by faust. gretchen discovers that she is pregnant, and her torment is further increased when faust and mephistopheles kill her enraged brother in a sword fight. mephistopheles seeks to distract faust by taking him to a witches' sabbath on walpurgis night, but faust insists on rescuing gretchen from the execution to which she was sentenced after drowning her newborn child while in a state of madness. in the dungeon, faust vainly tries to persuade gretchen to follow him to freedom. at the end of the drama, as faust and mephistopheles flee the dungeon, a voice from heaven announces gretchen's salvation.
faust, part one
thomas mann's 1947 "" adapts the faust legend to a 20th-century context, documenting the life of fictional composer adrian leverkühn as analog and embodiment of the early 20th-century history of germany and of europe. the talented leverkühn, after contracting venereal disease from a brothel visit, forms a pact with a mephistophelean character to grant him 24 years of brilliance and success as a composer. he produces works of increasing beauty to universal acclaim, even while physical illness begins to corrupt his body. in 1930, when presenting his final masterwork ("the lamentation of dr faust" ), he confesses the pact he had made: madness and syphilis now overcome him, and he suffers a slow and total collapse until his death in 1940. leverkühn's spiritual, mental, and physical collapse and degradation are mapped on to the period in which nazism rose in germany, and leverkühn's fate is shown as that of the soul of germany.
faust