the four powerful queens of kush were called "candaces" by the greco-roman world.
the four powerful queens of kush were called "candaces" by the greco-roman world.
what are the four powerful queens of kush called by the greco-roman world?
"candaces"
in 25 bc the kush kandake amanirenas, as reported by strabo, attacked the city of syene, today's aswan, in territory of the roman empire; emperor augustus destroyed the city of napata in retaliation.









































four african queens were known to the greco-roman world as the "candaces": amanishakheto, amanirenas, nawidemak, and malegereabar.









































section::::biblical usage.









































in the new testament of the christian bible, a treasury official of "candace, queen of the ethiopians", returning from a trip to jerusalem, met with philip the evangelist:
kandake
in a meeting of faridun with his advisors, they came to a consensus that they must send a harsh tyrant to the west. the unanimous choice is kush, who is unshackled and brought before faridun. kush seeks forgiveness from fereydun, and swears to be a loyal servant of the king of iran. a proclamation to which the gentry bears witness is written, so that the pact may be honored. kush is then sent as the head of the army to egypt and north africa. he defeats the enemy and the spoils are sent back to faridun. kush also founds several new cities in the region. however, kush breaks his pledge to faridun and openly rebels against him. he kills the iranian members of his army, and orders each home to have an effigy of him and that it be worshipped daily. in order to subdue kush, faridun sends his son salm to vanquish kush. salm defeats kush's army, but kush flees to the west. during this time, the three sons of faridun, tur, iraj and salm were openly fighting. iraj demands tribute from his two other brothers, and they on the other hand align with kush. together, the brothers kill iraj and they divide the world with kush, and take some territory from faridun. however, manuchehr the son of iraj seeks vengeance for his father and with a large army goes to battle against tur, salm and kush. manuchehr with a large army goes into battle against the two sons and kuš. tur and salm are killed in battle, and manuchehr wounds kush with his bull-headed mace. the wounded kush was able to escape to khwāvarān (the east), and gain control of the region. kush became very powerful again and had collected a formidable army. he rules these lands for a long time. during this era of the story, the armies from abyssinia and nubia attack once again. kush goes to battle against these armies but he has no success. during this era, kaykavus now is the king of iran. kush convinces the iranian ruler to go to war, however the combined forces of kush and the iranian armies is not enough to defeat the armies of abyssinia and nubia. however, the great legendary hero rustam is sent to the area and defeats the armies of abyssinia and nubia. this part of the epic is very close to ferdowsi's version of rustam's mission to mazandaran (abyssinia and nubia).
kush nama