a catalytic converter goes underneath the vehicle on a car.
a catalytic converter goes underneath the vehicle on a car.
where does a catalytic converter go on a car?
underneath the vehicle
as an alternative, catalytic converters were moved to a third of the way back from the engine, and were then placed underneath the vehicle.









































section::::types.









































section::::types.:two-way.









































a 2-way (or "oxidation", sometimes called an "oxi-cat") catalytic converter has two simultaneous tasks:









































bullet::::1. oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide: 2 co + o → 2 co









































bullet::::2. oxidation of hydrocarbons (unburnt and partially burned fuel) to carbon dioxide and water: ch + [(3x+1)/2] o → x co + (x+1) ho (a combustion reaction)
catalytic converter
catalytic converters restrict the free flow of exhaust, which negatively affects vehicle performance and fuel economy, especially in older cars. because early cars' carburetors were incapable of precise fuel-air mixture control, the cars' catalytic converters could overheat and ignite flammable materials under the car. a 2006 test on a 1999 honda civic showed that removing the stock catalytic converter netted a 3% increase in horsepower; a new metallic core converter only cost the car 1% horsepower, compared to no converter. to some performance enthusiasts, this modest increase in power for very little or no cost encourages the removal or "gutting" of the catalytic converter. in such cases, the converter may be replaced by a welded-in section of ordinary pipe or a flanged "test pipe", ostensibly meant to check if the converter is clogged, by comparing how the engine runs with and without the converter. this facilitates temporary reinstallation of the converter in order to pass an emission test. in many jurisdictions, it is illegal to remove or disable a catalytic converter for any reason other than its direct and immediate replacement. in the united states, for example, it is a violation of section 203(a)(3)(a) of the 1990 amended clean air act for a vehicle repair shop to remove a converter from a vehicle, or cause a converter to be removed from a vehicle, except in order to replace it with another converter, and section 203(a)(3)(b) makes it illegal for any person to sell or to install any part that would bypass, defeat, or render inoperative any emission control system, device, or design element. vehicles without functioning catalytic converters generally fail emission inspections. the automotive aftermarket supplies high-flow converters for vehicles with upgraded engines, or whose owners prefer an exhaust system with larger-than-stock capacity.
catalytic converter