the santa barbara oil spill event most affected the passage of the national environmental protection act of 1969.
the santa barbara oil spill event most affected the passage of the national environmental protection act of 1969.
what event most affected the passage of the national environmental protection act of 1969?
the santa barbara oil spill
while the santa barbara oil spill was not the sole event which built the regulatory and legislative superstructure of the modern environmental movement in the united states – some prominent pieces of which include the u.s. environmental protection agency, the national environmental policy act (nepa), the clean water act, and in california the california coastal commission and california environmental quality act (ceqa) – it was one of the most dramatic and visible of the several key events that led up to those changes. through the 1960s, industrial pollution and its consequences had come more and more to the public attention, commencing with rachel carson's 1962 book "silent spring" and including such events as the passage of the water quality act, the campaign to ban ddt, the creation of the national wilderness preservation system, the 1967 torrey canyon tanker accident which devastated coastal areas in both england and france, and the burning of the cuyahoga river in downtown cleveland, ohio. at the time, the santa barbara spill was the largest oil spill ever in u.s. waters, and its occurrence during a fierce battle between local residents and the very oil company responsible for the spill only made the controversy more intense, the battle more public, and the anti-oil cause seem more valid to a wider segment of the populace. in the several years after the spill, more environmental legislation was passed than in any other similar period in u.s. history.
1969 santa barbara oil spill
sustainable economics started to surface in china around 1973, when the first ever national environmental protection conference was held to discuss new environmental policies and guidelines. the following year chinese state council created the leading group of environmental protection, who's task was to formulate effective policies based on previous discussions at the national environmental protection conference. in 1979, the most comprehensive environmental protection law adopted by china was enacted called the "environmental protection law of the people’s republic of china", where basic policies were introduced to address conflicts between industrial growth and environmental sustainability. some of the new policies introduced were aimed at controlling the growth of large urban zones and distribution of manufacturing plants in rural areas, through designing and expanding small cities. other environmental policies enacted in the law targeted the reduction of pollution, through taxing incentives for pollution control and fines for violations. the chinese government started taking environmental protection more seriously in 1983 after the second national environmental protection conference, where it made environmental protection a core national policy. in the subsequent decades to follow numerous policies were implemented from the conferences until 2002, when the 16th national congress of the communist party of china designed a sustainable development plan that aimed to quadruple gdp, increase social equality, recover and protect environmental integrity. this new sustainable development plan was enshrined in legislation and was then known as the start of a circular economy.
china's circular economy