australia has the most lithium in the world.
australia has the most lithium in the world.
who has the most lithium in the world?
australia
the world’s top 3 lithium-producing countries from 2016, as reported by the us geological survey are australia, chile and argentina. the intersection of chile, bolivia, and argentina make up the region known as the lithium triangle. the lithium triangle is known for its high quality salt flats including bolivia's salar de uyuni, chile's salar de atacama, and argentina's salar de arizaro. the lithium triangle is believed to contain over 75% of existing known lithium reserves. deposits are found in south america throughout the andes mountain chain. chile is the leading producer, followed by argentina. both countries recover lithium from brine pools. according to usgs, bolivia's uyuni desert has 5.4 million tonnes of lithium. half the world's known reserves are located in bolivia along the central eastern slope of the andes. in 2009, bolivia negotiated with japanese, french, and korean firms to begin extraction.
lithium
in 1973, nieper reported that lithium orotate contained 3.83 mg of elemental lithium per 100 mg and lithium carbonate contained 18.8 mg of elemental lithium per 100 mg nieper went on to claim that lithium did not dissolve from the orotate carrier until it passed through the blood–brain barrier; however, a 1976 study documented that lithium concentrations within the brains of rats were not statistically different between equivalent dosages of lithium from lithium orotate, lithium carbonate, or lithium chloride. however, another study in 1978 study showed that eight hours after intraperitoneal injections brain lithium concentrations of rats were significantly greater after lithium orotate than after lithium carbonate. while little serum lithium remained at 24 h after injection of 2·0 m equiv kg−1 lithium carbonate, two‐thirds of the 2 h serum lithium concentration was present 24 h after lithium orotate. furthermore, the 24 h brain concentration of lithium after lithium orotate was approximately three times greater than that after lithium carbonate. these data suggest the possibility that lower doses of lithium orotate than lithium carbonate may achieve therapeutic brain lithium concentrations and relatively stable serum concentrations. this study was refuted a year later by another study that repeated the experiment and found that the higher concentrations in the brain could be possibly accounted for by decreased renal function in rats treated with lithium orotate. the proponents of lithium orotate have since criticized the results by citing the fact that the dose of lithium orotate used in the study was in the toxic range.
lithium orotate