when queen ants or honeybees are able to reproduce asexually (without mating) this is called parthenogenesis.
when queen ants or honeybees are able to reproduce asexually (without mating) this is called parthenogenesis.
when queen ants or honeybees are able to reproduce asexually (without mating) this is called?
parthenogenesis
the black bean aphid has both sexual and asexual generations in its life cycle. it also alternates hosts at different times of year. the primary host plants are woody shrubs, and eggs are laid on these by winged females in the autumn. the adults then die and the eggs overwinter. the aphids that hatch from these eggs in the spring are wingless females known as stem mothers. these are able to reproduce asexually, giving birth to live offspring, nymphs, through parthenogenesis. the lifespan of a parthenogenetic female is about 50 days and during this period, each can produce as many as 30 young. the offspring are also females and able to reproduce without mating, but further generations are usually winged forms. these migrate to their secondary host plants, completely different species that are typically herbaceous plants with soft, young growth.
black bean aphid
"clitarchus hookeri" is geographically parthenogenic, meaning that in some localities females do not mate to reproduce. instead, they are able to produce fertile eggs without mating. in the south island "clitarchus hookeri" males are rare or absent, while in the north island both asexual and sexual populations occur. although females who reproduce asexually lay similar number of eggs and have similar hatching success as those who reproduce sexually, their eggs took longer to hatch. eggs from parthenogenic females took between 21–23 weeks, while eggs from mated females took between 9–16 weeks.









































section::::phylogeography.
clitarchus hookeri