the 6 carbon atoms in glucose come from glycerol.
the 6 carbon atoms in glucose come from glycerol.
where do the 6 carbon atoms in glucose come from?
glycerol
the metabolic pathway that begins with molecules containing two to four carbon atoms (c) and ends in the glucose molecule containing six carbon atoms is called gluconeogenesis and occurs in all living organisms. the smaller starting materials are the result of other metabolic pathways. ultimately almost all biomolecules come from the assimilation of carbon dioxide in plants during photosynthesis. the free energy of formation of α--glucose is 917.2 kilojoules per mole. in humans, gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver and kidney, but also in other cell types. in the liver about 150 g of glycogen are stored, in skeletal muscle about 250 g.peter c. heinrich: "löffler/petrides biochemie und pathobiochemie." springer-verlag, 2014, , p. 389. (german) however, the glucose released in muscle cells upon cleavage of the glycogen can not be delivered to the circulation because glucose is phosphorylated by the hexokinase, and a glucose-6-phosphatase is not expressed to remove the phosphate group. unlike for glucose, there is no transport protein for glucose-6-phosphate. gluconeogenesis allows the organism to build up glucose from other metabolites, including lactate or certain amino acids, while consuming energy. the renal tubular cells can also produce glucose.
glucose
bullet::::- glucose (), ribose (), acetic acid (), and formaldehyde () all have different molecular formulas but the same empirical formula: . this is the actual molecular formula for formaldehyde, but acetic acid has double the number of atoms, ribose has five times the number of atoms, and glucose has six times the number of atoms.









































bullet::::- the chemical compound n-hexane has the structural formula , which shows that it has 6 carbon atoms arranged in a chain, and 14 hydrogen atoms. hexane's molecular formula is , and its empirical formula is , showing a c:h ratio of 3:7.
empirical formula