the first australian settlers came from the british prison system.
the first australian settlers came from the british prison system.
where did the first australian settlers come from?
the british prison system
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although some observers stress australia's convict history, the vast majority of early settlers came of their own free will. far more australians are descended from assisted immigrants than from convicts, the majority being british and irish. about 20% of australians are descendants of convicts. most of the first australian settlers came from london, the midlands and the north of england, and ireland. settlers that arrived throughout the 19th century were from all parts of the united kingdom and ireland, a significant proportion of settlers came from the southwest and southeast of england, from ireland and from scotland. anglo-celtic australians (northern european settlers from england, scotland, wales, and ireland) have been highly influential in shaping the nation's character. by the mid-1840s, the numbers of freeborn settlers had overtaken the convict population. in 1888, 60 percent of the australian population had been born in australia, and almost all had british ancestral origins. out of the remaining 40 percent, 34 percent had been born in the british isles, and 6 percent were of european origin, mainly from germany and scandinavia. in the 1840s, scots-born immigrants constituted 12 percent of the australian population. there were 1.3 million british migrants to australia in the period from 1861–1914, of whom 13.5 percent were scots. 5.3 percent of the convicts transported to eastern australia between 1789 and 1852 were scots. by 1850, there were 290,000 aboriginal australians. the european population grew from 0.3 percent of the population of the continent at 1800 to 58.6 percent in 1850. germans formed the largest non-british community for most of the 19th century. the census of 1901 showed that 98 percent of australians had anglo-celtic ancestral origins, and was considered as "more british than britain itself". between 1901 and 1940, 140,000 non-british european immigrants arrived in australia (about 16 percent of the total intake). before world war ii, 13.6 percent were born overseas, and 80 percent of those were british. in 1939 and 1945, still 98 percent of australians had british/anglo-celtic ancestral origins. until 1947, the vast majority of the population were of british origin. during the 1950s, australia was the destination of 30 per cent of dutch emigrants and the netherlands-born became numerically the second largest non-british group in australia. in 1971, 70 percent of the foreign born were of european origin. abolition of the white australia policy in 1957 by the menzies government, often incorrectly attributed to a later labor government, led to a significant increase in non-european immigration, mostly from asia and the middle east.
australians