the spleen is center of activity of the lymphatic system, a specific immune system in the human body.
the spleen is center of activity of the lymphatic system, a specific immune system in the human body.
the spleen is center of activity of what specific immune system in the human body?
lymphatic system
the plant "arabidopsis thaliana" has a genome with only around 135 megabase pairs (mbp), making it small enough to fully synthesize. it also makes it relatively easy to study, leading to its use as a common model organism in the field of plant genetics. one important use of "a. thaliana" is in the study of plant immunity. plant pathogens are able to travel through a plant's vascular system, but plants do not have specific immune cells that can travel this way. plants also do not have an adaptive immune system, so other forms of immunity are required. one is the use of pattern-recognition receptors (prr) to bind to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamp), which are highly-conserved structures on the outside of many invasive organisms. this form of immunity acts on intercellular pathogens, which are ones outside of individual plant cells. prrs are transmembrane proteins, which have an anchor inside the cell and portions that extend beyond the membrane. they are part of the innate immune system and bind to and prevent the proliferation of pathogens with the pamps that they can bind.
ef-tu receptor
nonspecific immune cell









































a non-specific immune cell is an immune cell (such as a macrophage, neutrophil, or dendritic cell) that responds to many antigens, not just one antigen. non-specific immune cells function in the first line of defense against infection or injury. the innate immune system is always present at the site of infection and ready to fight the bacteria; it can also be referred to as the "natural" immune system. the cells of the innate immune system do not have specific responses and respond to each foreign invader using the same mechanism.









































section::::the innate immune system.
nonspecific immune cell