the queens of kush were called "candaces" in meroitic when they were sisters of the king.
the queens of kush were called "candaces" in meroitic when they were sisters of the king.
what are the queens of kush called in meroitic when they are sisters of the king?
"candaces"
kandake









































kandake, kadake or kentake (meroitic: 𐦲𐦷𐦲𐦡 kdke or 𐦲𐦴𐦲𐦡 ktke), often latinised as candace (), was the meroitic term for the sister of the king of kush who, due to the matrilineal succession, would bear the next heir, making her a queen mother. she had her own court, probably acted as a landholder and held a prominent secular role as regent. contemporary greek and roman sources treat it, incorrectly, as a name. the name candace is derived from the way the word is used in the new testament ().









































section::::archaeological sources.
kandake
the meroitic period began ca. 300 bce and ended ca. 350 ce. most attestations of the meroitic language, via native inscriptions, hail from this period, though some attestations pre- and post-date this period. kushite territory stretched from the area of the 1st cataract of the nile to the khartoum area of sudan. it can be assumed that speakers of meroitic covered much of that territory based on the language contact evidenced in egyptian texts. attestations of meroitic in egyptian texts, span across the egyptian middle kingdom, the new kingdom, and the late 3rd intermediate, late, ptolemaic, and roman periods – respectively corresponding to the kushite kerman (ca. 2600–ca. 1500 bce), napatan (ca. 900/750–ca. 300 bce), and meroitic periods. the meroitic toponym , , as well as meroitic anthroponyms, are attested as early as middle kingdom egypt's 12th dynasty (ca. 2000 bce) in the egyptian execration texts concerning kerma. meroitic names and phrases appear in the new kingdom book of the dead (book of coming forth by day) in the "nubian" chapters or spells (162 – 165). meroitic names and lexical items, in egyptian texts, are most frequently attested during napatan kushite control of some or all parts of egypt in the late 3rd intermediate and late periods (ca. 750–656 bce). both the meroitic period and the kingdom of kush itself ended with the fall of meroë (ca. 350 ce), but use of the meroitic language continued for a time after that event as there are detectable meroitic lexemes and morphological features in old nubian. two examples are: meroitic:  "the sun" → old nubian: "mašal" "sun" and old nubian: "-lo" (focus particle) ← meroitic: - which is made up two morphemes, - (determinant) +  (copula). the language likely became fully extinct by the 6th century when it was supplanted by byzantine greek, coptic, and old nubian.
meroitic language