budapest became the capital of hungary, as part of a dual monarchy on november 17, 1873.
budapest became the capital of hungary, as part of a dual monarchy on november 17, 1873.
when did budapest become the capital of hungary, as part of a dual monarchy?
november 17, 1873
dual monarchy









































dual monarchy occurs when two separate kingdoms are ruled by the same monarch, follow the same foreign policy, exist in a customs union with each other and have a combined military but are otherwise self-governing. the term is typically used to refer to austria-hungary, a dual monarchy that existed from 1867 to 1918 that spanned across parts of central and eastern europe.
dual monarchy
in contrast to the cases of germany, france or italy, the question of world war i aims of hungary remains almost unexplored. however, as the kingdom of hungary was the most politically stable part of the habsburg monarchy, it strongly impacted the dual monarchy's war plans. the main concerns of the government in budapest were directed by the fears for the integrity of hungary. in july 1914, its prime minister, istván tisza, convinced the monarchy's crown council not to demand new territories from serbia. in parallel, the hungarian opposition secretly informed the entente that an independent hungary could be proclaimed, ready to sign a separate peace treaty if her frontiers were guaranteed. an opposition leader, mihály károlyi, entered into contacts with italians, british and french. in the autumn of 1915, with austro-hungarian army’ successes, the secessionist moods in budapest cooled down. hungarian politicians turned towards the annexation of northern serbia, and possibly montenegro. when austria envisaged the joining of poland, tisza insisted in vienna to include bosnia-hercegovina (and probably dalmatia) in hungary. however, when romania declared war on the habsburg monarchy in august 1916, the tisza government anticipated annexations of romanian lands, whereas the hungarian radical opposition in the parliament (independentists, led by mihály károlyi), reinforced the separatist propaganda. in march 1917, tisza proposed to the crown council of the monarchy to divide romania between hungary and russia, leaving a little romanian buffer state. yet, according to the bucharest peace treaty (7 may 1918), romania only ceded carpathian mountain passes to hungary. the next "success" of hungarian territorial expansionism was the habsburgs approval of the attachment of bosnia-herzegovina and dalmatia to the kingdom in october 1918. expecting the collapse of the central powers, károlyi was allowed by the imperator-king to form a government in budapest. this government declared the independence of hungary on 31 october 1918. however, it did not stop the entente and its allies from raising territorial claims against hungary. they finally gave three quarter of pre-war hungary to surrounding countries by the peace treaty of trianon (4 june 1920).
hungary in world war i