kiln-fired clay works of sculpture or pottery are called earthenware.
kiln-fired clay works of sculpture or pottery are called earthenware.
kiln-fired clay works of sculpture or pottery are called?
earthenware
in egyptology, the term 'pottery' is used to refer to all non-figural objects made from fired clay. the majority of pottery vessels surely served as household wares and were used for the storage, preparation, transport and consumption of food and other raw materials. in addition to this, there were other objects frequently used in the household, like bread moulds, fireboxes, lamps and stands for vessels with round bases. other types of pottery served ritual purposes. sometimes water pipes were constructed from amphorae laid back-to-back, but actual ceramic water pipes were only introduced in the roman period. musical instruments, like rattles, could also be made from ceramics, in the form of bottles filled with pebbles and then sealed before being fired.
ancient egyptian pottery
all of the imagery on the kleophrades terracotta panathenaic prize amphora is in black-figure, a painting technique popularized during the archaic period. the background of the images acquires a red hue through the firing process of the clay; no paint or pigment is added to achieve this color. to achieve the black images seen on the faces, handles, neck, and base of the amphora, kleophrades painted the pre-fired clay with a watered down clay solution. red details, such as the boxers' muscles, hair, and eyes, could be added in by carving into the added clay with a fine tool. once the black figure details were added, kleophrades fired the clay in the kiln in a multi-temperature process. first, the kiln would be heated to 800°c (1472°f) with a ventilating chamber kept open, thus allowing the clay to be fired in an oxygen-rich environment. this process causes the entire vase to glow red, including the added paint-like clay. next, the kiln's vents would be closed and alternative tinder materials would be added to make the environment oxygen-poor and even hotter. doing so allowed the added clay to turn black and glossy. lastly, the potter would re-open the ventilation to re-oxygenate the kiln and allow the temperature to drop, thus causing the non-decorated regions to revert to their natural red color. while the majority of the black-figure painting on this amphora is the figurative depictions of athena promachos and the pankration, the painter also added small, geometric decorative elements to the neck and base of the vessel.
kleophrades painter panathenaic prize amphora