the keiretsu tradition in japan serves as a basis for monopolies called " zaibatsu.
the keiretsu tradition in japan serves as a basis for monopolies called " zaibatsu.
the keiretsu tradition in japan serves as a?
monopolies called " " zaibatsu
keiretsu









































a is a set of companies with interlocking business relationships and shareholdings. it is a type of informal business group. the "keiretsu" maintained dominance over the japanese economy for the second half of the 20th century, and to a lesser extent, the early 21st century.









































the member's companies own small portions of the shares in each other's companies, centered on a core bank; this system helps insulate each company from stock market fluctuations and takeover attempts, thus enabling long-term planning in projects. it is a key element of the manufacturing industry in japan.









































section::::history.
keiretsu
even today, banks and trading companies remain at the top of the pyramid, having access and control over a portion of each company's part of the "keiretsu". shareholders succeeded over the family control of the cartel. this was made possible with relaxing of japanese laws whereby holding companies could become stockholding companies.









































section::::types of keiretsu.









































cartels and groupings of various kinds are common in japan.









































the two types of "keiretsu", horizontal and vertical, can be further categorized as:









































section::::types of keiretsu.:horizontal keiretsu.
keiretsu