smoking is most common in the world in china.
smoking is most common in the world in china.
where is smoking most common in the world?
china
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data from world health organization (who) globocan 2012 have shown that in the arab world, lebanon has the highest lung cancer incidence in females and the third highest in males, with an age-standardized incidence rate among the world population (asr(w)) per 100,000 person-years of 30.2% in men and 11% in women. similarly, it has been reported that lebanon has one of the highest asr(w) of bladder cancer worldwide, with 29.1 as estimated asr(w) of bladder cancer among males, thus falling second after belgium (31.0) . trends in high lung and bladder cancer incidence are largely the product of changing smoking prevalence and patterns of tobacco consumption. smoking is very prevalent and culturally ingrained into lebanese society, with the most common forms of tobacco smoking in lebanon being cigarettes or waterpipe smoking, which is gaining popularity, particularly among females . relative to a single cigarette, a single waterpipe use episode is associated with similar peak plasma nicotine levels and three times greater peak levels of blood carboxyhemoglobin. the first five minutes of waterpipe smoking produce more than four times the increase in blood carboxyhemoglobin as smoking an entire cigarette . adult smoking in lebanon is estimated at 46% for males and 31% for females. smoking prevalence among the youth is estimated to be among the highest worldwide (65.8% for boys and 54.1% for girls), with waterpipe smoking the major form of smoking (33.9%) followed by cigarette smoking (8.6%) . in addition to smoking, urban air pollution measured by concentrations of particulate matter 10 mm in size exceeds the levels set by the who (20 mg/m3) in most urban lebanese cities .
health in lebanon