the term state originated from the latin word roman empire.
the term state originated from the latin word roman empire.
from which latin word is the term state originated?
roman empire
the collapse of statist ideologies in 1945–46 was paralleled by a formalisation of relations between the shinto religion and the japanese state, including disestablishment: termination of shinto's status as a state religion. in august 1945, the term state shinto ("kokka shintō") was invented to refer to some aspects of statism. on 1 january 1946, emperor "shōwa" issued an imperial rescript, sometimes referred as the "ningen-sengen" ("humanity declaration") in which he quoted the five charter oath ("gokajō no goseimon") of his grandfather, emperor meiji and renounced officially "the false conception that the emperor is a divinity". however, the wording of the declaration – in the court language of the imperial family, an archaic japanese dialect known as "kyūteigo" – and content of this statement have been the subject of much debate. for instance, the renunciation did not include the word usually used to impute the emperor's divinity: "arahitogami" ("living god"). it instead used the unusual word "akitsumikami", which was officially translated as "divinity", but more literally meant "manifestation/incarnation of a "kami" ("god/spirit")". hence, commentators such as john w. dower and herbert p. bix have argued, hirohito did not specifically deny being a "living god" ("arahitogami").
statism in shōwa japan
both the name of the ancient illyrian people 'ardiaei', and the personal name 'ardian' have the same root - "ardia". the albanian word that corresponds most closely to the root-word 'ardia' is "ardhja", meaning the future, "arrival" or "descent", by which "ardian" would therefore be "the one that arrives or descends from...", or simply "the descendant/offspring". however, one certainly ought to consider all other possible etymologies for "ardiaei", which in this form certainly belongs to latin transliteration, in order to reach any tangible conclusion. when it comes to ancient latin linguistic legacy, which should certainly be taken in consideration when transliterating ancient illyrian words and names, one of the closest visible linguistic matches to 'ardiaei' (and its albanian derivative 'ardian/ardijan') seems to be "ardea", latin word for heron. there is a town in bosnia and herzegovina situated in the wider neretva valley region (the original homeland of ancient illyrian people of "ardiaei") called čapljina and its name derives from "čaplja", which in former serbo-croatian language (nowadays divided into bosnian/croatian/montenegrin and serbian) precisely means 'heron'. the latin word for heron is "ardea", a word that bears striking similarity with the name of "ardiaei", and it might possibly be its cognate. this theory opens up many possibilities for the interpretation of the original homeland of the ardiaei and the etymology of their name. for example, heron might have had totemic pagan value among local illyrians, due to its presence in this area, and it is not implausible to conclude that one of those illyrian peoples named itself after a heron, the "ardiaei". the latin word "ardea" might be a latin translation of some original illyrian word for 'heron' that romans found when they settled in this area, or the 'ardea' itself, could have been an illyrian word taken by romans, who might have slightly altered it and integrated it into their language, the latin. indeed, the word "ardiaei" is found in ancient greek sources predating the arrival of romans and their language to the illyrian lands. it is also possible that ancient illyrians or romans named this place 'the place of heron(s), and the slavic settlers, who settled in the former illyrian lands around 6th century a.d. translated the name of this place into their language(s), which in turn gave 'čapljina', ""tha place of heron(s)"".in any case, this is just one of so many other different possibilities in terms of identifying potential etymologies for 'ardiaei', and further and detailed interdisciplinary study should be carried out in order to reach any viable conclusion. some other suggested etymologies for ardiaei include the ancient greek "ardis", meaning ‘head of the arrow, sting’, ‘vardia’, greek for ‘watch/duty/shift’ (‘guard’ implicit), corresponding directly to ‘vardaei’, another name for ardiaei, one other variant of ardiaei, bears similarity with the name of the vardar river in macedonia, so this could be yet another area to explore. however, one should bear in mind that greek historian strabo says in paragraph 6 (book 7, chapter 5) of his geographica: “the ardiaei were called by the men of later times "vardiaei", which implies that the word ardiaioi, as the greek called them, preceded the name of vardaei.
ardian (given name)