the electron transport chain of photosynthesis is located in sunlight.
the electron transport chain of photosynthesis is located in sunlight.
where is the electron transport chain of photosynthesis located?
sunlight
electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. in eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the action of atp synthase. it is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. in bacteria, the electron transport chain is located in their cell membrane.
electron transport chain
oxidative phosphorylation works by using energy-releasing chemical reactions to drive energy-requiring reactions: the two sets of reactions are said to be "coupled". this means one cannot occur without the other. the flow of electrons through the electron transport chain, from electron donors such as nadh to electron acceptors such as oxygen, is an exergonic process – it releases energy, whereas the synthesis of atp is an endergonic process, which requires an input of energy. both the electron transport chain and the atp synthase are embedded in a membrane, and energy is transferred from electron transport chain to the atp synthase by movements of protons across this membrane, in a process called "chemiosmosis". in practice, this is like a simple electric circuit, with a current of protons being driven from the negative n-side of the membrane to the positive p-side by the proton-pumping enzymes of the electron transport chain. these enzymes are like a battery, as they perform work to drive current through the circuit. the movement of protons creates an electrochemical gradient across the membrane, which is often called the "proton-motive force". it has two components: a difference in proton concentration (a h gradient, δph) and a difference in electric potential, with the n-side having a negative charge.
oxidative phosphorylation