after the 1525 battle of pavia italy fell under the control of the habsburg netherlands fiefs.
after the 1525 battle of pavia italy fell under the control of the habsburg netherlands fiefs.
after the 1525 battle of pavia italy fell under the control of which fiefs?
habsburg netherlands
war resumed with the intervention of the holy roman empire in 1521 as pope leo x and charles v, head of the house of austria and heir of aragonese territories in italy, expelled the french forces from milan. francis i of france reacted by descending in italy and fighting imperial forces at the battle of pavia (1525), where he was captured and forced to give french territory to the habsburg netherlands of charles v. following his liberation, francis i initiated a new war in italy during which mutinous german troops of lutheran faith sacked rome (1527) and expelled the medici from florence. after ordering the retreat of imperial troops from the papal states, charles v restored the occupied french territory to francis i on the condition that france abandoned northern italy ("peace of the ladies"). the congress of bologna (1530) between pope clement vii and charles v stipulated that the duchy of milan was to become habsburg territory in five years, with the exception of milanese territories in emilia (which became the duchy of parma) and liguria (restored as the medieval genoese republic). in exchange, the pope obtained the restoration of the medici family as the ruling dinasty of florence and the settlement of the knights hospitaller in malta. following catholic victories in vienna and tunis against the ottomans, a new congress (1536) was held in rome between charles and pope paul iii to discuss the hypothesis of an ecumenical council to deal with protestantism. despite fears of conciliarism within the curia, pope paul iii ultimately saw a council as an opportunity to end the catholic imperial-french wars in italy, which had resumed at the lombard-piedmontese border with the french occupation of the savoyard state soon after charles v became duke of milan, by uniting the anti-calvinist french royalty with the habsburgs against a common enemy.
italian wars
zambrotta was selected by new manager roberto donadoni to represent italy at euro 2008 in austria and switzerland. he played in all italy's games in the tournament. in the first group stage match, italy faced the netherlands; zambrotta was not at his best in a match as italy fell 3–0. in the next match, against romania, zambrotta made a defensive error that was followed by romania's 1–0 goal, scored by adrian mutu. christian panucci, however, scored just one minute later to tie the match at 1–1. close to the end of the match, romania was awarded a penalty, but italy goalkeeper gianluigi buffon saved mutu's shot, securing a 1–1 draw. italy defeated france 2–0 in their final group match to advance to the quarter-finals. in the quarter-finals, italy fell to spain on penalties (4–2) after a 0–0 draw, knocking them out of the tournament.
gianluca zambrotta