the relative amount of solute and solvent in a solution is defined as the mole ratio.
the relative amount of solute and solvent in a solution is defined as the mole ratio.
the relative amount of solute and solvent in a solution is defined as the?
mole ratio
often in informal, non-technical language, concentration is described in a qualitative way, through the use of adjectives such as "dilute" for solutions of relatively low concentration and "concentrated" for solutions of relatively high concentration. to concentrate a solution, one must add more solute (for example, alcohol), or reduce the amount of solvent (for example, water). by contrast, to dilute a solution, one must add more solvent, or reduce the amount of solute. unless two substances are "fully" miscible there exists a concentration at which no further solute will dissolve in a solution. at this point, the solution is said to be saturated. if additional solute is added to a saturated solution, it will not dissolve, except in certain circumstances, when supersaturation may occur. instead, phase separation will occur, leading to coexisting phases, either completely separated or mixed as a suspension. the point of saturation depends on many variables such as ambient temperature and the precise chemical nature of the solvent and solute.
concentration
first, a cavity must be created in the solvent. the creation of the cavity will be entropically and enthalpically unfavorable as the ordered structure of the solvent decreases and there are fewer solvent-solvent interactions.









































second, the solute must separate out from the bulk solute. this is enthalpically unfavorable as solute-solute interactions are breaking but is entropically favorable.









































third, the solute must occupy the cavity created in the solvent. this results in favorable solute-solvent interactions and is also entropically favorable as the mixture is more disordered than when the solute and solvent are not mixed.
solvent effects