the united states got a standing army in 1791.
the united states got a standing army in 1791.
when did the united states get a standing army?
1791
some representatives mistrusted proposals to enlarge federal powers, because they were concerned about the inherent risks of centralizing power. federalists, including james madison, initially argued that a bill of rights was unnecessary, sufficiently confident that the federal government could never raise a standing army powerful enough to overcome a militia. federalist noah webster argued that an armed populace would have no trouble resisting the potential threat to liberty of a standing army. anti-federalists, on the other hand, advocated amending the constitution with clearly defined and enumerated rights providing more explicit constraints on the new government. many anti-federalists feared the new federal government would choose to disarm state militias. federalists countered that in listing only certain rights, unlisted rights might lose protection. the federalists realized there was insufficient support to ratify the constitution without a bill of rights and so they promised to support amending the constitution to add a bill of rights following the constitution's adoption. this compromise persuaded enough anti-federalists to vote for the constitution, allowing for ratification. the constitution was declared ratified on june 21, 1788, when nine of the original thirteen states had ratified it. the remaining four states later followed suit, although the last two states, north carolina and rhode island, ratified only after congress had passed the bill of rights and sent it to the states for ratification. james madison drafted what ultimately became the bill of rights, which was proposed by the first congress on june 8, 1789, and was adopted on december 15, 1791.
second amendment to the united states constitution
the ottoman standing army ("ḳapukulu"), also referred to as the "central army", consisted of three main divisions: the infantry, known as the janissary corps, the cavalry (sipahi) corps, known as the six regiments (altı bölük), and the artillery corps. unlike the provincial army, the standing army was based in istanbul and was subject to regular training and discipline, and was paid quarterly in cash salaries. the size of the army expanded dramatically beginning from the second half of the sixteenth century, more than doubling from 29,175 men in 1574 to 75,868 in 1609. following this growth its numbers remained relatively stable for the rest of the century. the payment of salaries to the standing army was by far the largest single expense in the imperial budget, and this growth in size was paired with a proportional growth in expenditures. by the seventeenth century the cost of the standing army could at times absorb more than half of the empire's entire central budget. as the army grew the nature of its relationship with the government began to shift, as the janissaries and cavalry increasingly became involved in imperial politics and administration.
transformation of the ottoman empire