procurement plan are terms of reference in a project.
procurement plan are terms of reference in a project.
what are terms of reference in a project?
procurement plan
terms of reference









































terms of reference (tor) define the purpose and structures of a project, committee, meeting, negotiation, or any similar collection of people who have agreed to work together to accomplish a shared goal. although the terms of reference of a project are often referred to as the project charter, there are significant differences between the two. this article will describe the importance of a tor containing detailed definitions however, a project charter is defined as containing high-level requirements, assumptions, constraints and descriptions as well as a budget summary without detail and a milestone-only schedule.
terms of reference
in order to learn a language, a child has to learn how the language expresses reference grammatically. quine presents a behavioral theory in which the child acquires language through a process of conditioning and ostension. this process consists of four phases. in the first phase the child starts babbling. this behavior gets rewarded or not, dependent on the situation in which it occurs. terms are learned by a process of reinforcement and extinction. in this phase, the child is not aware yet of objects, it just reacts to stimulations. this is a form of operant conditioning. in the second phase, the child acquires "general terms", and "demonstrative singular terms" (this, that) and "singular description", sentences that name (or purport to name) only one object. in this phase the child also learns terms that do not have reference, like ‘unicorn’. furthermore, the child learns divided reference of general terms (that general terms refer to more than one object), and with that it has access to a conceptual scheme that includes ‘enduring and recurring objects’. with this, the child has acquired the important distinction between singular and general terms. this distinction entails that a singular term 'purports to refer to one object' while a general term does not purports to refer to an object. as quine points out: 'the basis combination in which general and singular terms find their contrasting roles is that of "predication".' predication combines general terms with singular terms, in a sentence that is true or false just as the general term (‘f’) is true or false of the object to which the singular term (‘a’) refers. predication is thus logically represented as ‘fa’. in the third phase, the child learns "composite general terms", which are formed by joining two general terms. in the fourth phase, the child learns how to talk about new objects. the child can now apply "relative terms" to singular or general terms. a relative term is a term that is true of two (or more) objects in relation to each other, like ‘bigger than’. the child can now make use of terms that refer to objects that cannot be seen, for example ‘smaller than that speck’ to refer to a neutrino. this phase thus gives a new dimension to the child's conceptual scheme.
word and object