harry fensom broke the code of the enigma machine.
harry fensom broke the code of the enigma machine.
who broke the code of the enigma machine?
harry fensom
around december 1932, marian rejewski, a polish mathematician and cryptanalyst, while working at the polish cipher bureau, used the theory of permutations and flaws in the german military message encipherment procedures to break the message keys of the plugboard enigma machine. rejewski achieved this result without knowledge of the wiring of the machine, so the result did not allow the poles to decrypt actual messages. the french spy hans-thilo schmidt obtained access to german cipher materials that included the daily keys used in september and october 1932. those keys included the plugboard settings. the french passed the material to the poles, and rejewski used some of that material and the message traffic in september and october to solve for the unknown rotor wiring. consequently, the polish mathematicians were able to build their own enigma machines, which were called enigma doubles. rejewski was aided by cryptanalysts jerzy różycki and henryk zygalski, both of whom had been recruited with rejewski from poznań university. the polish cipher bureau developed techniques to defeat the plugboard and find all components of the daily key, which enabled the cipher bureau to read the german enigma messages starting from january 1933. over time, the german cryptographic procedures improved, and the cipher bureau developed techniques and designed mechanical devices to continue reading the enigma traffic. as part of that effort, the poles exploited quirks of the rotors, compiled catalogues, built a cyclometer to help make a catalogue with 100,000 entries, made zygalski sheets and built the electro-mechanical cryptologic bomb to search for rotor settings. in 1938, the germans added complexity to the enigma machines that finally became too expensive for the poles to counter. the poles had six "bomby", but when the germans added two more rotors, ten times as many "bomby" were needed, and the poles did not have the resources.
enigma machine
bullet::::- gordon corera, poland's overlooked enigma codebreakers, bbc news magazine, 4 july 2014









































bullet::::- long-running list of places with enigma machines on display









































bullet::::- bletchley park national code centre home of the british codebreakers during the second world war









































bullet::::- enigma machines on the crypto museum web site









































bullet::::- pictures of a four-rotor naval enigma, including flash (swf) views of the machine









































bullet::::- enigma pictures and demonstration by nsa employee at rsa









































bullet::::- kenngruppenheft









































bullet::::- process of building an enigma m4 replica









































bullet::::- breaking german navy ciphers









































bullet::::- an online enigma machine simulator









































bullet::::- enigma simulation









































bullet::::- universal enigma simulator
enigma machine