greece became independent from the ottoman empire in 1919.
greece became independent from the ottoman empire in 1919.
when did greece become independent from the ottoman empire?
1919
bullet::::- treaty of constantinople (1724), between the ottoman empire and russia, dividing large parts of persia amongst themselves









































bullet::::- treaty of constantinople (1736), between the ottoman empire and afsharid persia, ending the afsharid-ottoman war (1730–1735)









































bullet::::- , between the ottoman empire and spain









































bullet::::- treaty of constantinople (1800), approval of the 1st constitution of the septinsular republic (as a tributary state to the ottoman empire) by the ottoman sultan









































bullet::::- treaty of constantinople (1832), between the ottoman empire and the great powers (britain, france and russia)









































bullet::::- treaty of constantinople (1881), between the ottoman empire and the kingdom of greece
treaty of constantinople
crete became a semi-independent parliamentary state within the ottoman empire under a greek orthodox governor. a number of the senior "christian pashas" including photiades pasha and adossides pasha ruled the island in the 1880s, presiding over a parliament in which liberals and conservatives contended for power. disputes between these led to a further insurgency in 1889 and the collapse of the pact of halepa arrangements. the international powers allowed the ottoman authorities to send troops to the island and restore order but the sultan abdulhamid ii used the occasion for ruling the island by martial law. this action led to international sympathy for the cretan christians and to a loss of any remaining acquiescence among them for continued ottoman rule. when a small insurgency began in september 1895, it quickly spiralled out of control and by the summer of 1896, the ottoman forces had lost military control over most of the island. a new insurrection that began in 1897 led to a war between greece and the ottoman empire. the great powers dispatched a multinational naval force, the international squadron, to crete in february 1897, and by late march 1897 it brought cretan insurgent and greek army operations against the ottomans o crete to a halt by forcing the greek army to abandon the island, bombarding insurgent forces, placing sailors and marines ashore, and instituting a blockade of crete and key ports in greece. meanwhile, the international squadron's senior admirals formed an "admirals council" that temporarily governed crete pending a resolution of the cretan uprising, and the admirals council eventually decided that crete should become an autonomous state within the ottoman empire. after a violent riot by cretan turks against cretan christians and british occupation forces on 6 september 1898 (25 august according to the julian calendar then in use on crete, which was 12 days behind the modern gregorian calendar during the 19th century), the admirals council ordered all ottoman forces to leave crete, and the last of them were evacuated on 6 november 1898. the 21 december 1898 (9 december according to the julian calendar) arrival of prince george of greece and denmark as the first high commissioner of an autonomous cretan state, although still under the suzerainty of the sultan, effectively detached crete from the ottoman empire.
cretan turks