erwin schrödinger created the quantum mechanical model of the atom.
erwin schrödinger created the quantum mechanical model of the atom.
who created the quantum mechanical model of the atom?
erwin schrödinger
another possible conceptual approach is to use quantum mechanics as an analogy to understand a different field of study like consciousness, without expecting that the laws of quantum physics will apply. an example of this approach is the idea of schrödinger's cat. erwin schrödinger described how one could, in principle, create entanglement of a large-scale system by making it dependent on an elementary particle in a superposition. he proposed a scenario with a cat in a locked steel chamber, wherein the cat's life or death depended on the state of a radioactive atom, whether it had decayed and emitted radiation or not. according to schrödinger, the copenhagen interpretation implies that "the cat remains both alive and dead" until the state has been observed. schrödinger did not wish to promote the idea of dead-and-alive cats as a serious possibility; on the contrary, he intended the example to illustrate the absurdity of the existing view of quantum mechanics. however, since schrödinger's time, other interpretations of the mathematics of quantum mechanics have been advanced by physicists, some of which regard the "alive and dead" cat superposition as quite real. schrödinger's famous thought experiment poses the question, ""when" does a quantum system stop existing as a superposition of states and become one or the other?" in the same way, it is possible to ask whether the brain's act of making a decision is analogous to having a superposition of states of two decision outcomes, so that making a decision means "opening the box" to reduce the brain from a combination of states to one state. but even schrödinger didn't think this really happened to the cat; he didn't think the cat was literally alive and dead at the same time. this analogy about making a decision uses a formalism that is derived from quantum mechanics, but it doesn't indicate the actual mechanism by which the decision is made. in this way, the idea is similar to quantum cognition. this field clearly distinguishes itself from the quantum mind as it is not reliant on the hypothesis that there is something micro-physical quantum mechanical about the brain. quantum cognition is based on the quantum-like paradigm, generalized quantum paradigm, or quantum structure paradigm that information processing by complex systems such as the brain can be mathematically described in the framework of quantum information and quantum probability theory. this model uses quantum mechanics only as an analogy, but doesn't propose that quantum mechanics is the physical mechanism by which it operates. for example, quantum cognition proposes that some decisions can be analyzed as if there are interference between two alternatives, but it is not a physical quantum interference effect.
quantum mind
the first development of "quantum electrochemistry" is somewhat difficult to pin down. this is not very surprising, since the development of quantum mechanics to chemistry can be summarized as the application of quantum wave theory models to atoms and molecules. this being the case, electrochemistry, which is particularly concerned with the electronic states of some particular system, is already, by its nature, tied into the quantum mechanical model of the electron in quantum chemistry. there were proponents of quantum electrochemistry, who applied quantum mechanics to electrochemistry with unusual zeal, clarity and precision. among them were revaz dogonadze and his co-workers. they developed one of the early quantum mechanical models for proton transfer reactions in chemical systems. dogonadze is a particularly celebrated promoter of quantum electrochemistry, and is also credited with forming an international summer school of quantum electrochemistry centered in yugoslavia. he was a main author of the "quantum-mechanical theory of kinetics of the elementary act of chemical, electrochemical and biochemical processes in polar liquids". another important contributor is rudolph a. marcus, who won the nobel prize in chemistry in 1992 for his "theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems".
quantum electrochemistry