the chinese exclusion act was made permanent in 1902.
the chinese exclusion act was made permanent in 1902.
when was the chinese exclusion act made permanent?
1902
also known as the modern pandemic, the third pandemic spread the disease to port cities throughout the world in the second half of the 19th century and early 20th century via shipping routes. the plague infected people in chinatown in san francisco from 1900 to 1904, and the people of oakland and east bay again from 1907-1909. during the outbreak from 1900 to 1904 in san francisco is when authorities made permanent the chinese exclusion act. this law was originally signed into existence by president chester a. arthur in 1882. the chinese exclusion act was supposed to last for ten years but was renewed in 1892 with the geary act and subsequently made permanent in 1902 during the outbreak of plague in chinatown, san francisco. the last major outbreak in the united states occurred in los angeles in 1924, though the disease is still present in wild rodents, and can be passed to humans that come in contact with them. according to the world health organization, the pandemic was considered active until 1959, when worldwide casualties dropped to 200 per year. in 1994, a plague outbreak in five indian states caused an estimated 700 infections (including 52 deaths) and triggered a large migration of indians within india as they tried to avoid the plague.
bubonic plague
bullet::::- george frederick seward papers, ms 557, the new-york historical society









































bullet::::- text of 1880 chinese exclusion treaty and 1882 chinese exclusion act – pbs.org









































bullet::::- chinese exclusion act from the library of congress









































bullet::::- chinese exclusion act – menlo school









































bullet::::- chinese exclusion act (1882) – our documents









































bullet::::- exclusion act case files of yee wee thing and yee bing quai, two "paper sons"









































bullet::::- the yung wing project hosts the memoir of one of the earliest naturalized chinese whose citizenship was revoked forty-six years after having received it as a result of the chinese exclusion act.
chinese exclusion act