according to the ninth amendment, the people retain certain rights not mentioned in the constitution.
according to the ninth amendment, the people retain certain rights not mentioned in the constitution.
according to the ninth amendment who retains certain rights not mentioned in the constitution?
the people
the tenth amendment explicitly states that powers neither granted to the federal government nor prohibited to the states are reserved to the states or the people. the ninth amendment states, "the enumeration in the constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people."









































the ninth amendment bars denial of ununenumerated rights if the denial is based on the "enumeration of certain rights" in the constitution, but does not bar denial of unenumerated rights if the denial is based on the "enumeration of certain powers" in the constitution.
nsa warrantless surveillance (2001–2007)
the ninth amendment explicitly bars denial of unenumerated rights if the denial is based on the "enumeration of certain rights" in the constitution, but this amendment does not explicitly bar denial of unenumerated rights if the denial is based on the "enumeration of certain powers" in the constitution. it is to that enumeration of powers that the courts have pointed, in order to determine the extent of the unenumerated rights mentioned in the ninth amendment.









































section::::see also.









































bullet::::- constitutionalism









































bullet::::- exception that proves the rule









































bullet::::- originalism









































bullet::::- tenth amendment to the united states constitution









































section::::further reading.









































section::::further reading.:articles.
ninth amendment to the united states constitution