lipid synthesis takes place in the cytosol of the cell.
lipid synthesis takes place in the cytosol of the cell.
where does lipid synthesis take place in the cell?
the cytosol
bacterial cell growth necessitates synthesis of peptidoglycan. assembly of peptidoglycan is a multistep process starting in the cytoplasm and ending in the exterior cell surface. the intracellular part of the pathway results in the production of the membrane-anchored cell wall precursor, lipid ii. after synthesis, this lipid intermediate is translocated across the cell membrane. the translocation (flipping) step of lipid ii requires a specific protein (flippase). mohammadi et al. (2011) showed that the integral membrane protein ftsw (tc# 2.a.103.1.1,4-7), an essential protein for cell division, is a transporter of the lipid-linked peptidoglycan precursors across the cytoplasmic membrane. using "e. coli" membrane vesicles, they found that transport of lipid ii requires the presence of ftsw, and purified ftsw induced the transbilayer movement of lipid ii in model membranes.
bacterial murein precursor exporter
unlike peroxisomes, for most of the trypanosomes their glycosomes are needed for them to be able to survive. because of this need for the glycosome, it has been suggested as a possible drug target to find a drug to halt its function. when the glycosome is not functioning correctly there is a severe lack of enzymes in the cell. these enzymes are those associated with ether-lipid synthesis or the beta oxidation of certain fatty acids. cells without glycosomes are deficient in these enzymes as without the compartmentalization of the glycosome the enzymes are degraded in the cell in the cytosol. the organelle keeps metabolism of the enzymes from occurring. for parasites, ether-lipid synthesis is vital to be able to complete its life cycle, making the enzymes protected by the glycosome also vital. in their life cycle, glycolysis partly through the glycosome is very high in the blood stream form comparatively to the pro-cyclic form. the glycosomal glycolysis pathway is necessary in stress situations for the pathogen as glycolysis can be started when the substrates for the pathway are available even when atp is not available yet. so as this organelle is so essential for the trypanosome, if a drug could target this organelle, it could be a successful therapy as studies have shown without the glycosome parasite death occurs.
glycosome