the equalizer took place in boston, massachusetts.
the equalizer took place in boston, massachusetts.
in what city does the equalizer take place?
boston , massachusetts
Na
Na
the difference between a turbo equalizer and a standard equalizer is the feedback loop from the decoder to the equalizer. due to the structure of the code, the decoder not only estimates the information bits formula_1, but it also discovers new information about the coded bits formula_2. the decoder is therefore able to output extrinsic information, formula_18 about the likelihood that a certain code bit stream was transmitted. extrinsic information is new information that is not derived from information input to the block. this extrinsic information is then mapped back into information about the transmitted symbols formula_7 for use in the equalizer. these extrinsic symbol likelihoods, formula_20, are fed into the equalizer as "a priori" symbol probabilities. the equalizer uses this "a priori" information as well as the input signal formula_9 to estimate extrinsic probability information about the transmitted symbols. the "a priori" information fed to the equalizer is initialized to 0, meaning that the initial estimate formula_8 made by the turbo equalizer is identical to the estimate made by the standard receiver. the information formula_23 is then mapped back into information about formula_2 for use by the decoder. the turbo equalizer repeats this iterative process until a stopping criterion is reached.
turbo equalizer