civilization begain in the fertile crescent in 9,000 bce.
civilization begain in the fertile crescent in 9,000 bce.
when did civilization begin in the fertile crescent?
9,000 bce
section::::history.









































as well as possessing many sites with the skeletal and cultural remains of both pre-modern and early modern humans (e.g., at tabun and es skhul caves in israel), later pleistocene hunter-gatherers, and epipalaeolithic semi-sedentary hunter-gatherers (the natufians); the fertile crescent is most famous for its sites related to the origins of agriculture. the western zone around the jordan and upper euphrates rivers gave rise to the first known neolithic farming settlements (referred to as pre-pottery neolithic a (ppna)), which date to around 9,000 bce and includes very ancient sites such as göbekli tepe and jericho (tell es-sultan).
fertile crescent
the term "fertile crescent" was popularized by archaeologist james henry breasted in "outlines of european history" (1914) and "ancient times, a history of the early world" (1916). breasted wrote:this fertile crescent is approximately a semicircle, with the open side toward the south, having the west end at the southeast corner of the mediterranean, the center directly north of arabia, and the east end at the north end of the persian gulf (see map, p. 100). it lies like an army facing south, with one wing stretching along the eastern shore of the mediterranean and the other reaching out to the persian gulf, while the center has its back against the northern mountains. the end of the western wing is palestine; assyria makes up a large part of the center; while the end of the eastern wing is babylonia.this great semicircle, for lack of a name, may be called the fertile crescent. it may also be likened to the shores of a desert-bay, upon which the mountains behind look down—a bay not of water but of sandy waste, some across, forming a northern extension of the arabian desert and sweeping as far north as the latitude of the northeast corner of the mediterranean. this desert-bay is a limestone plateau of some height—too high indeed to be watered by the tigris and euphrates, which have cut cañons obliquely across it. nevertheless, after the meager winter rains, wide tracts of the northern desert-bay are clothed with scanty grass, and spring thus turns the region for a short time into grasslands. the history of western asia may be described as an age-long struggle between the mountain peoples of the north and the desert wanderers of these grasslands—a struggle which is still going on—for the possession of the fertile crescent, the shores of the desert-bay. there is no name, either geographical or political, which includes all of this great semicircle (see map, p. 100). hence we are obliged to coin a term and call it the fertile crescent.
fertile crescent