based on the large number of hiv replicates produced it is common to find hiv superinfection.
based on the large number of hiv replicates produced it is common to find hiv superinfection.
based on the large number of hiv replicates produced it is common to find?
hiv superinfection
one of the two types of hiv drug resistance is induced resistance. induced resistance refers to resistance that occurs as a result of drug therapy. hiv is a retrovirus that replicates quickly using reverse transcriptase, known for its lack of error correcting mechanisms, resulting in a high mutation rate. mutations that confer a substantial selective advantage to hiv survival can therefore quickly replicate within an individual, creating a new, resistant strain. these mutations accumulate over generations and in populations, resulting in the great genetic variation within populations of hiv, and an increased probability of a virion developing an evolutionary selective advantage over other virions. natural selection then acts on hiv by selecting for virions with higher fitness, as all others are eventually killed off by drug treatments. the virions that are able to escape the harmful effects of the drug then create an entirely new, drug resistant population. the selected-for virions continue reproducing until the patient's viral load returns to pre-treatment levels, creating a cycle in which treatment is initially successful in reducing the viral load, but becomes less effective as the virus becomes resistant and virion levels once again increase.
hiv drug resistance
another subset of individuals who are persistently infected with hiv-1, but show no signs of disease progression for over 12 years and remain asymptomatic are classified as long term non-progressors (ltnp). in these individuals, it seems that hiv-infection has been halted with regard to disease progression over an extended period of time. however, the term ltnp is a misnomer as that progression towards aids can occur even after 15 years of stable infection. ltnp are not a homogeneous group regarding both viral load and specific immune responses against hiv-1. some ltnps are infected with hiv that inefficiently replicates whilst others are infected with hiv that is virally fit and replicates normally, but the infected individual has had a strong and broad set of hiv-specific humoral and cell-mediated responses that seems to delay the progression to aids. in some cohorts, individuals who experience signs of progression, but whose clinical and laboratory parameters remain stable over long periods of time, are classified as long term survivors (lts).
hiv disease progression rates