marston is known as the father of polygraph.
marston is known as the father of polygraph.
who is known as the father of polygraph?
marston
despite his predecessor's contributions, marston styled himself the "father of the polygraph". (today he is often equally or more noted as the creator of the comic book character wonder woman.) marston remained the device's primary advocate, lobbying for its use in the courts. in 1938 he published a book, "the lie detector test", wherein he documented the theory and use of the device. in 1938 he appeared in advertising by the gillette company claiming that the polygraph showed gillette razors were better than the competition.
polygraph
a security clearance in the united states may not be revoked based solely on polygraph results. however, a person's access to sensitive information may be denied if the polygraph results are not favorable. in addition, persons being considered for a government position or job may be denied the employment, if the position specifically requires successful completion of a polygraph examination. it is difficult to precisely determine the effectiveness of polygraph results for the detection or deterrence of spying. it is inadmissible as evidence in most federal courts and military courts martial. the polygraph is more often used as a deterrent to espionage rather than detection. one exception to this was the case of harold james nicholson, a cia employee later convicted of spying for russia. in 1995, nicholson had undergone his periodic five year reinvestigation where he showed a strong probability of deception on questions regarding relationships with a foreign intelligence unit. this polygraph test later launched an investigation which resulted in his eventual arrest and conviction. in most cases, however, polygraphs are more of a tool to "scare straight" those who would consider espionage. jonathan pollard was advised by his israeli handlers that he was to resign his job from american intelligence if he was ever told he was subject to a polygraph test. likewise, john anthony walker was advised by his handlers not to engage in espionage until he had been promoted to the highest position for which a polygraph test was not required, to refuse promotion to higher positions for which polygraph tests were required, and to retire when promotion was mandated. as part of his plea bargain agreement for his case of espionage for the soviet union, robert hanssen would be made to undergo a polygraph at any time as a means of damage assessment. in hanssen's 25-year career with the fbi, not once was he made to undergo a polygraph.
polygraph