poem was put on statue of liberty in 1903.
poem was put on statue of liberty in 1903.
when was poem put on statue of liberty?
1903
"the new colossus" was the first entry read at the exhibit's opening on november 2, 1883. it remained associated with the exhibit through a published catalog until the exhibit closed after the pedestal was fully funded in august 1885, but was forgotten and played no role at the opening of the statue in 1886. it was, however, published in joseph pulitzer's "new york world" as well as "the new york times" during this time period. in 1901, lazarus's friend georgina schuyler began an effort to memorialize lazarus and her poem, which succeeded in 1903 when a plaque bearing the text of the poem was put on the inner wall of the pedestal of the statue of liberty.
the new colossus
bullet::::3. "relational ties principle:" the fusion approach assumes that strongly fused persons care not only about their collective ties to the group (as an abstract entity), but also their relationships (real or imagined) with other members of the group. identity fusion theory posits that strongly fused individuals feel kin-like bonds with other group members, even ones with whom they may have had little or no contact. several studies have garnered empirical support for the relational ties principle. using several interpersonal variations of the classic trolley dilemma, individuals who were strongly fused with their country endorsed saving fellow countrymen by jumping to their deaths in front of a speeding trolley. moreover, fused participants endorsed pushing aside a fellow countryman who was poised to jump to his death to ultimately benefit the group, and instead jumping themselves. this research suggests that highly fused persons are so strongly aligned with their fellow group members that they would prefer that they themselves die rather than a fellow group member. additionally, when highly fused individuals learn that other group members might be killed in a hypothetical trolley dilemma, they demonstrate emotional reactions similar to how people react when a family member is in distress. these emotional reactions predicted subsequent endorsements of self-sacrifice for the group. in comparison, the social identity approach assumes that, when the social identity is salient, individuals view their fellow group members as mere interchangeable exemplars of the group (i.e. they evaluate other group members based on their “collective ties” toward the group).
identity fusion