the solid outer layer of the earth is called mantle.
the solid outer layer of the earth is called mantle.
what is the solid outer layer of the earth called?
mantle
the earth is composed of a magnetic central core, a mostly liquid mantle and a hard rigid outer shell (or lithosphere), which is composed of the earth's rocky crust and the deeper mostly solid outer layer of the mantle. on land the crust is known as the continental crust while under the sea it is known as the oceanic crust. the latter is composed of relatively dense basalt and is some five to ten kilometres (three to six miles) thick. the relatively thin lithosphere floats on the weaker and hotter mantle below and is fractured into a number of tectonic plates. in mid-ocean, magma is constantly being thrust through the seabed between adjoining plates to form mid-oceanic ridges and here convection currents within the mantle tend to drive the two plates apart. parallel to these ridges and nearer the coasts, one oceanic plate may slide beneath another oceanic plate in a process known as subduction. deep trenches are formed here and the process is accompanied by friction as the plates grind together. the movement proceeds in jerks which cause earthquakes, heat is produced and magma is forced up creating underwater mountains, some of which may form chains of volcanic islands near to deep trenches. near some of the boundaries between the land and sea, the slightly denser oceanic plates slide beneath the continental plates and more subduction trenches are formed. as they grate together, the continental plates are deformed and buckle causing mountain building and seismic activity.
sea
vitelline membrane outer layer protein i (vmo-i)









































in molecular biology, this entry refers to a protein domain called, the vitelline membrane outer layer protein i (vmo-i). it is a structure found on the outside of an egg, in the vitelline membrane.









































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the major role of the vitelline membrane is to prevent the mixing of the yolk and albumen and also act as an important anti-microbial barrier, as indicated by the high content of lysozyme in the outer layer
vitelline membrane outer layer protein i (vmo-i)