werner heisenberg discovered the quantum mechanical model of the atom.
werner heisenberg discovered the quantum mechanical model of the atom.
who discovered the quantum mechanical model of the atom?
werner heisenberg
given the problems of the "proton–electron model", it was quickly accepted that the atomic nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons, although the precise nature of the neutron was initially unclear. within months after the discovery of the neutron, werner heisenberg and dmitri ivanenko had proposed proton–neutron models for the nucleus. heisenberg's landmark papers approached the description of protons and neutrons in the nucleus through quantum mechanics. while heisenberg's theory for protons and neutrons in the nucleus was a "major step toward understanding the nucleus as a quantum mechanical system," he still assumed the presence of nuclear electrons. in particular, heisenberg assumed the neutron was a proton–electron composite, for which there is no quantum mechanical explanation. heisenberg had no explanation for how lightweight electrons could be bound within the nucleus. heisenberg introduced the first theory of nuclear exchange forces that bind the nucleons. he considered protons and neutrons to be different quantum states of the same particle, i.e., nucleons distinguished by the value of their nuclear isospin quantum numbers.
discovery of the neutron
the first development of "quantum electrochemistry" is somewhat difficult to pin down. this is not very surprising, since the development of quantum mechanics to chemistry can be summarized as the application of quantum wave theory models to atoms and molecules. this being the case, electrochemistry, which is particularly concerned with the electronic states of some particular system, is already, by its nature, tied into the quantum mechanical model of the electron in quantum chemistry. there were proponents of quantum electrochemistry, who applied quantum mechanics to electrochemistry with unusual zeal, clarity and precision. among them were revaz dogonadze and his co-workers. they developed one of the early quantum mechanical models for proton transfer reactions in chemical systems. dogonadze is a particularly celebrated promoter of quantum electrochemistry, and is also credited with forming an international summer school of quantum electrochemistry centered in yugoslavia. he was a main author of the "quantum-mechanical theory of kinetics of the elementary act of chemical, electrochemical and biochemical processes in polar liquids". another important contributor is rudolph a. marcus, who won the nobel prize in chemistry in 1992 for his "theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems".
quantum electrochemistry