the testing technique that deals with the internal logic and structure of the code is called functional testing.
the testing technique that deals with the internal logic and structure of the code is called functional testing.
the testing technique that deals with the internal logic and structure of the code is called?
functional testing
there are several stages. they are:









































bullet::::- unit testing: this initial stage in testing normally carried out by the developer who wrote the code and sometimes by a peer using the white box testing technique.









































bullet::::- integration testing: this stage is carried out in two modes, as a complete package or as an increment to the earlier package. most of the time black box testing technique is used. however, sometimes a combination of black and white box testing is also used in this stage.
manual testing
probability of detection (pod) tests are a standard way to evaluate a nondestructive testing technique in a given set of circumstances, for example "what is the pod of lack of fusion flaws in pipe welds using manual ultrasonic testing?" the pod will usually increase with flaw size. a common error in pod tests is to assume that the percentage of flaws detected is the pod, whereas the percentage of flaws detected is merely the first step in the analysis. since the number of flaws tested is necessarily a limited number (non-infinite), statistical methods must be used to determine the pod for all possible defects, beyond the limited number tested. another common error in pod tests is to define the statistical sampling units (test items) as flaws, whereas a true sampling unit is an item that may or may not contain a flaw. three key parameters in reliability evaluation of nondestructive testing methods are a50, a90 and a90/95. a90 and a90 refer to length of defects that your desired nondestructive testing technique is capable to detect with 50% and 90% probabilities, respectively. if a 95% degree of confidence is also considered in determination of defect length with 90% probability, it is a90/95.guidelines for correct application of statistical methods to pod tests can be found in astm e2862 standard practice for probability of detection analysis for hit/miss data and mil-hdbk-1823a nondestructive evaluation system reliability assessment, from the u.s. department of defense handbook.
nondestructive testing