small shrimps hide in sediment to avoid predation.
small shrimps hide in sediment to avoid predation.
where do small shrimps hide to avoid predation?
sediment
"ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis" constructs a long, tough tube to line its burrow, strengthening it with mucus secretions. the tube is made with a felt of very long, discharged nematocyst cells and is sufficiently rigid for it to be excavated intact from the surrounding sediment. the tentacles are assorted into two distinct marginal and labial cycles, each arranged into four pseudo-cycles with yellow coloration on the end of each tentacle. the marginal tentacles are located on the peripheral and are much longer than the labial. ceriantharia have adapted large pores on the surface of their tentacles as a mechanism to retract into their tubes to avoid predation faster. the tube is approximately 1–3 cm thick in adults, but it can be much thinner in younger or smaller species. other species of "cerianthidae" have various tube lengths, while "c. brasiliensis"' tube is relatively short. when the species is removed from its tube, it can regenerate a very thin replacement within 12 hours. within 7–10 days, the tube can reach a thickness again that will help protect it from predators. the tube production starts in an area around the tentacles and continues in a ring formation down the body of the anemone, meaning it has an open end in the basal region. additionally, since there is no limit to how far the anemone can lower itself into its tube, it can use this as a means to escape predation. the phoronid worm species "phoronis australis" has an obligate commensalism relationship with "c. braziliensis," where it gets a substrate, food, and protection from predation from the anemone"."
ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis
pursuit predation revolves around a distinct movement interaction between predator and prey; as prey move to find new foraging areas, predators should move with them. predators congregate in areas of high prey density, and prey should therefore avoid these areas. however, dilution factor may be a reason to stay in areas of high density due to a decreased risk of predation. given the movements of predators over ranges in pursuit predation, though, dilution factor seems a less important cause for predation avoidance. because of these interactions, spatial patterns of predators and prey are important in preserving population size. attempts by prey to avoid predation and find food are coupled with predator attempts to hunt and compete with other predators. these interactions act to preserve populations. models of spatial patterns and synchrony of predator-prey relationships can be used as support for the evolution of pursuit predation as one mechanism to preserve these population mechanics. by pursuing prey over long distances, predators actually improve longterm survival of both their own population and prey population through population synchrony. pursuit predation acts to even out population fluctuations by moving predatory animals from areas of high predator density to low predator density, and low prey density to high prey density. this keeps migratory populations in synchrony, which increases metapopulation persistence. pursuit predation’s effect on population persistence is more marked over larger travel ranges. predator and prey levels are usually more synchronous in predation over larger ranges, as population densities have more ability to even out. pursuit predation can then be supported as an adaptive mechanism for not just individual feeding success but also metapopulation persistence.
pursuit predation