the involuntary movement of the bolus through the oropharynx in the digestive system is known as the pharyngeal phase.
the involuntary movement of the bolus through the oropharynx in the digestive system is known as the pharyngeal phase.
the involuntary movement of the bolus through the oropharynx in the digestive system is known as?
the pharyngeal phase
at the end of the oral preparatory phase, the food bolus has been formed and is ready to be propelled posteriorly into the pharynx. in order for anterior to posterior transit of the bolus to occur, orbicularis oris contracts and adducts the lips to form a tight seal of the oral cavity. next, the superior longitudinal muscle elevates the apex of the tongue to make contact with the hard palate and the bolus is propelled to the posterior portion of the oral cavity. once the bolus reaches the palatoglossal arch of the oropharynx, the pharyngeal phase, which is reflex and involuntary, then begins. receptors initiating this reflex are proprioceptive (afferent limb of reflex is ix and efferent limb is the pharyngeal plexus- ix and x). they are scattered over the base of the tongue, the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches, the tonsillar fossa, uvula and posterior pharyngeal wall. stimuli from the receptors of this phase then provoke the pharyngeal phase. in fact, it has been shown that the swallowing reflex can be initiated entirely by peripheral stimulation of the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. this phase is "voluntary" and involves important cranial nerves: v (trigeminal), vii (facial) and xii (hypoglossal).
swallowing
bullet::::- --- cholecystolithiasis









































bullet::::- --- gallbladder neoplasms









































section::::--- digestive system diseases.:--- digestive system abnormalities.









































section::::--- digestive system diseases.:--- digestive system abnormalities.:--- choledochal cyst.









































bullet::::- --- caroli disease









































section::::--- digestive system diseases.:--- digestive system fistula.









































section::::--- digestive system diseases.:--- digestive system fistula.:--- esophageal fistula.









































bullet::::- --- tracheoesophageal fistula









































section::::--- digestive system diseases.:--- digestive system fistula.:--- intestinal fistula.









































bullet::::- --- rectal fistula









































bullet::::- --- rectovaginal fistula









































section::::--- digestive system diseases.:--- digestive system neoplasms.









































section::::--- digestive system diseases.:--- digestive system neoplasms.:--- biliary tract neoplasms.









































bullet::::- --- bile duct neoplasms









































bullet::::- --- common bile duct neoplasms









































bullet::::- --- gallbladder neoplasms
list of mesh codes (c06)