the chemical species being observed is a substrate in a chemical reaction.
the chemical species being observed is a substrate in a chemical reaction.
what is a substrate in a chemical reaction?
the chemical species being observed
substrate (chemistry)









































in chemistry, a substrate is typically the chemical species being observed in a chemical reaction, which reacts with a reagent to generate a product. in synthetic and organic chemistry, the substrate is the chemical of interest that is being modified. in biochemistry, an enzyme substrate is the material upon which an enzyme acts. when referring to le chatelier's principle, the substrate is the reagent whose concentration is changed. the term "substrate" is highly context-dependent. it essentially refers to the part of the molecule that is precursor to a product.









































spontaneous reaction
substrate (chemistry)
bullet::::- uv-curable inks: these inks consist mainly of acrylic monomers with an initiator package. after printing, the ink is cured by exposure to strong uv-light. ink is exposed to uv radiation where a chemical reaction takes place where the photo-initiators cause the ink components to cross-link into a solid. typically a shuttered mercury-vapor lamp or uv led is used for the curing process. curing processes with high power for short periods of times (microseconds) allow curing inks on thermally sensitive substrates. uv inks do not evaporate, but rather cure or set as a result from this chemical reaction. no material is evaporated or removed, which means about 100% of the delivered volume is used to provide coloration. this reaction happens very quickly, which leads to instant drying that results in a completely cured graphic in a matter of seconds. this also allows for a very fast print process. as a result of this instant chemical reaction no solvents penetrate the substrate once it comes off the printer, which allows for high quality prints. the advantage of uv-curable inks is that they "dry" as soon as they are cured, they can be applied to a wide range of uncoated substrates, and they produce a very robust image. disadvantages are that they are expensive, require expensive curing modules in the printer, and the cured ink has a significant volume and so gives a slight relief on the surface. though improvements are being made in the technology, uv-curable inks, because of their volume, are somewhat susceptible to cracking if applied to a flexible substrate. as such, they are often used in large "flatbed" printers, which print directly to rigid substrates such as plastic, wood or aluminium where flexibility is not a concern.
inkjet printing