ester bonds are created during the formation of a fat.
ester bonds are created during the formation of a fat.
which bonds are created during the formation of a fat?
ester bonds
Na
Na
the atoms and molecules comprising minerals and living matter are bound by six types of bonds with different intensities and properties. examples include metallic bonds, covalent bonds, ionic bonds, and weak bonds. among the weak bonds, there is a distinction between polar bonds or hydrophilic bonds (hydrogen bonds and van der waals bonds) and nonpolar or hydrophobic bonds. from these properties will come the spatial form of the associated atoms and the molecules and then, at a larger scale, of the crystal, and finally of the organism as a whole. metallic bonds are formed by the sharing of electrons in the outer layer of the atom in an electron cloud, where they are free and delocalized. this free-electron gas ensures the cohesion of the remaining cations and enables electrical conduction in metals and alloys. covalent bonds are formed by the sharing of pairs of valence electrons in order to fill the outer electron shells of each atom. they are very strong bonds that are found in non-metals such as semiconductors, certain ceramics, polymers, and biological materials. ionic bonds are formed by the transfer of an electron from one atom to the other. they are strong bonds that appear, for example, between a metal atom that has released an electron and a non-metal atom that has captured the free electron. after bonding, both atoms become charged. these bonds are found in minerals, ceramics, biological materials, and certain polymers (ionomers). weak polar bonds are electrostatic and correspond to simple attractions between dipoles in compounds or molecules with inhomogeneous or polarizable charges. they act over long distances but with less intensity than strong bonds. among them, for example, are van der waals bonds between molecules and hydrogen bonds between water molecules in liquid water and ice. these bonds are found in all biological materials, certain hydrated minerals, polymers, and some mixed–composite materials. weak nonpolar bonds or hydrophobic bonds are formed by repulsion. in a polar liquid, the molecules try to establish a maximum number of bonds between each other. if nonpolar molecules are added to the solution, their presence disrupts the formation of this network of bonds, and they will be rejected. uniquely nonpolar molecules are rare in nature and for the most part are found in hydrocarbons. fatty acids are amphiphilic molecules, containing a polar end and a nonpolar end. these molecules will then form complex structures, with the polar end on the outside in contact with the water and the nonpolar end on the inside, completely isolated from the water. depending on the nature of the molecule, these structures will either be small globules called micelles or be membranes. these bonds are found in all biological materials.
microstructure