the solid part of earth is called crust.
the solid part of earth is called crust.
what is the solid part of earth called?
crust
according to the goldschmidt classification scheme, lu and hf are both lithophile (earth-loving) elements, meaning they are mainly found in the silicate fraction of earth, i.e. the mantle and crust. during the formation of the earth, the two elements tended not be fractionated into the core during core formation, i.e. not concentrated in the core, unlike siderophile elements (iron-loving elements). lu and hf are also refractory elements, meaning they quickly condensed from the protoplanetary disk to form the solid part of earth, as opposed to volatile elements. the two elements as a result would not be found in earth's early atmosphere. due to these characteristics, the two elements are relatively stationary throughout planetary evolution and are thought to retain the isotopic abundance characteristics of primitive planetary material, i.e. chondritic uniform reservoir (chur).
lutetium–hafnium dating
the ratio formula_147 is defined by using formula_148 = density of the explosive (solid part) and formula_149 = density of the detonation products. the parameters formula_150, formula_151, formula_152, formula_153 and formula_154 are given by several references. in addition, the initial density (solid part) formula_155, speed of detonation formula_156, chapman–jouguet pressure formula_157 and the chemical energy of the explosive formula_158 are given in such references. these parameters are obtained by fitting the jwl-eos to experimental results. typical parameters for some explosives are listed in the table below.









































section::::equations of state for solids and liquids.









































common abbreviations: formula_159
equation of state