henry bessemer was the englishman who invented the process to remove impurities by blasts of cold air blown through heated iron.
henry bessemer was the englishman who invented the process to remove impurities by blasts of cold air blown through heated iron.
what englishman invented the process to remove impurities by blasts of cold air blown through heated iron?
henry bessemer
benjamin huntsman was one of the first to begin adding other metals to steel. his process of making crucible steel, invented in 1740, was the first time steel was able to be fully melted in a crucible. huntsman had already been using various fluxes to help remove impurities from steel, and soon began adding a manganese-rich pig-iron called "spiegeleisen", which greatly reduced the presence of impurities in his steel. in 1816, a german researcher carl j. b. karsten noted that adding fairly large amounts of manganese to iron would increase its hardness without affecting its malleability and toughness, but the mix was not homogeneous and the results of the experiment were not considered to be reliable. "and no one understood that the real reason why the iron mined in noricum produced such superb steel lay in the fact that it contained a small amount of manganese uncontaminated by phosphorus, arsenic, or sulphur, and so was the raw material of manganese steel." in 1860, sir henry bessemer, trying to perfect his bessemer process of steel making, found that adding "spiegeleisen" to the steel after it was blown helped to remove excess sulfur and oxygen. sulfur combines with iron to form a sulfide that has a lower melting point than steel, causing weak spots, which prevented hot rolling. manganese is usually added to most modern steels in small amounts because of its powerful ability to remove impurities.
mangalloy
section::::groups.:balloons.:balloon inflation.









































the balloons for the parade begin the inflation process before sunrise to the south of the beginning of the parade route. it takes several people to fill each balloon with helium or cold air.









































section::::groups.:balloons.:featured balloons.









































bullet::::- 2017: scooby-doo (cold air), yogi bear (cold air), fred flintstone (cold air)









































bullet::::- 2016: teddy turkey (cold air), kung fu panda (cold air), cookie monster (cold air)









































bullet::::- 2015: teddy turkey (cold air), plex, care bear, arthur, hello kitty, tweety bird









































bullet::::- 2014: scooby-doo (cold air), strawberry shortcake, fred flintstone, arthur, curious george, madeline, tweety bird
uncle dan's thanksgiving day parade