map means mean arterial pressure on blood pressure machine.
map means mean arterial pressure on blood pressure machine.
what does map mean on blood pressure machine?
mean arterial pressure
a simple view of the hemodynamics of systemic arterial pressure is based around mean arterial pressure (map) and pulse pressure. most influences on blood pressure can be understood in terms of their effect on cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance. cardiac output is the product of stroke volume and heart rate, and stroke volume is influenced by blood volume. in the short-term, the greater the blood volume, the higher the cardiac output. this may explain in part the relationship between dietary salt intake and increased blood pressure, where increased salt intake may increase blood volume potentially resulting in higher arterial pressure. however, this varies with the individual and is highly dependent on autonomic nervous system response and the renin–angiotensin system. in the longer-term the relationship between volume and blood pressure is more complex. in simple terms systemic vascular resistance is mainly determined by the caliber of small arteries and arterioles. the resistance attributable to a blood vessel depends on its radius as described by the hagen-poiseuille's equation (resistance∝1/radius). hence, the smaller the radius, the very much higher the resistance. other physical factors that affect resistance include: vessel length (the longer the vessel, the higher the resistance), blood viscosity (the higher the viscosity, the higher the resistance) and the number of vessels, particularly the smaller numerous, arterioles and capillaries. the presence of an arterial stenosis increases resistance to flow, however this increase in resistance rarely increases systemic blood pressure because its contribution to total systemic resistance is small, although it may profoundly decrease downstream flow. substances called vasoconstrictors reduce the caliber of blood vessels, thereby increasing blood pressure. vasodilators (such as nitroglycerin) increase the caliber of blood vessels, thereby decreasing arterial pressure. in the longer term a process termed remodeling also contributes to changing the caliber of small blood vessels and influencing resistance and reactivity to vasoactive agents. reductions in capillary density, termed capillary rarefaction, may also contribute to increased resistance in some circumstances.
blood pressure
for an accurate diagnosis of hypertension to be made, it is essential for proper blood pressure measurement technique to be used. improper measurement of blood pressure is common and can change the blood pressure reading by up to 10 mmhg, which can lead to misdiagnosis and misclassification of hypertension. correct blood pressure measurement technique involves several steps. proper blood pressure measurement requires the person whose blood pressure is being measured to sit quietly for at least five minutes which is then followed by application of a properly fitted blood pressure cuff to a bare upper arm. the person should be seated with their back supported, feet flat on the floor, and with their legs uncrossed. the person whose blood pressure is being measured should avoid talking or moving during this process. the arm being measured should be supported on a flat surface at the level of the heart. blood pressure measurement should be done in a quiet room so the medical professional checking the blood pressure can hear the korotkoff sounds while listening to the brachial artery with a stethoscope for accurate blood pressure measurements. the blood pressure cuff should be deflated slowly (2-3 mmhg per second) while listening for the korotkoff sounds. the bladder should be emptied before a person's blood pressure is measured since this can increase blood pressure by up to 15/10 mmhg. multiple blood pressure readings (at least two) spaced 1–2 minutes apart should be obtained to ensure accuracy. ambulatory blood pressure monitoring over 12 to 24 hours is the most accurate method to confirm the diagnosis. an exception to this is those with very high blood pressure readings especially when there is poor organ function.
hypertension