the most serious civil cases heard in england and wales are at the supreme court.
the most serious civil cases heard in england and wales are at the supreme court.
where are the most serious civil cases heard in england and wales?
the supreme court
major institutions relevant to the implementation of islamic criminal law in aceh include the ulama council (, mpu), the wilayatul hisbah (wh, sometimes referred to in english as the "sharia police"), and the sharia courts (). the ulema council is composed of both the ulama and "muslim intellectuals", and on paper is expected to be involved in drafting legislation together with the government. however, it has not been able to exercise these powers, and in reality legislation is done by the parliament of aceh and the governor's office. the wilayatul hisbah has the authority to reprimand and give advice to those caught violating the islamic law. it does not have the authority to formally charge or detain suspects, and thus must work together with the regular police and prosecutors in order to enforce the law. the sharia courts hear and rule on both civil cases under islamic law (such as divorce and inheritance) and criminal law under the "qanuns". however, civil cases continue to be the vast majority of cases heard by the court. in 2016 the courts received 10,888 first instance civil cases and 131 appeals, compared to 324 first instance criminal cases and 15 appeals. the sharia courts are part of the broader indonesian legal system. their decisions can be appealed to the supreme court, and their judges (including the chief judge) are appointed by the supreme court.
islamic criminal law in aceh
the highest court was the senate. it included the department of cassation in civil cases and department of cassation in criminal cases. they heard appeals brought on cases heard in lower courts. the department of cassation, in criminal cases, was also the court of first instance for the most serious crimes. in 1877, within the senate, the disciplinary commission for judges was established.









































the regulations also provided for an extraordinary supreme criminal court. it was convened if a serious crime was committed by highest officials or for an assassination attempt on the tsar or his relatives.









































section::::court system.:local judicial settlements.
judicial reform of alexander ii