the line between north and south america is at the isthmus of panama.
the line between north and south america is at the isthmus of panama.
where is the line between north and south america?
the isthmus of panama
this is a list of the native wild mammal species recorded in south america. south america's terrestrial mammals fall into three distinct groups: "old-timers", african immigrants and recent north american immigrants. the marsupials and xenarthrans are "old-timers", their ancestors having been present on the continent since at least the very early cenozoic era. during the early cenozoic, south america's only land connection was to antarctica, so it was effectively cut off from most of the world; as the fragments of gondwana continued to separate, this connection was lost, leaving south america an island continent. caviomorph rodents and monkeys arrived as "waif dispersers" by rafting across the atlantic from africa in the eocene epoch, 35 million or more years ago. all the remaining nonflying mammals of south america are recent arrivals, having migrated from north america via central america during the past seven million years as part of the great american interchange; this invasion, which peaked around three million years ago, was made possible when the formation of the volcanic isthmus of panama bridged north and south america. the newcomers out-competed and drove to extinction many mammals that had evolved during south america's long period of isolation, as well as some species from other classes (e.g., terror birds).
list of mammals of south america
bullet::::- geography of curaçao









































bullet::::- geography of the falkland islands









































bullet::::- geography of french guiana









































bullet::::- geography of south georgia and the south sandwich islands









































section::::geography of south america.:geographic features of south america.









































bullet::::- list of islands of south america









































bullet::::- list of rivers of south america









































bullet::::- list of world heritage sites in the americas









































section::::geography of south america.:regions of south america.









































section::::geography of south america.:regions of south america.:directional regions.









































bullet::::- northern south america









































bullet::::- northeastern south america: the guianas









































bullet::::- southern south america: southern cone









































bullet::::- western south america: andean states
outline of south america