the nerves in the arm root from the anterior rami of the lower four cervical nerves and first thoracic nerve in a network.
the nerves in the arm root from the anterior rami of the lower four cervical nerves and first thoracic nerve in a network.
where do the nerves in the arm root from in a network?
anterior rami of the lower four cervical nerves and first thoracic nerve
disadvantages of the axillary block include inadequate anesthesia in the distribution of the musculocutaneous nerve. this nerve supplies motor function to the biceps, brachialis, and coracobrachialis muscles and one of its branches supplies sensation to the skin of the forearm. if the musculocutaneous nerve is missed, it may be necessary to block this nerve separately. this can be accomplished by using a peripheral nerve stimulator to identify the location of the nerve as it passes through the coracobrachialis muscle. the intercostobrachial nerves (which are branches of the second and third intercostal nerves) are also frequently missed with the axillary block. because these nerves supply sensation to the skin of the medial and posterior aspects of the arm and axilla, a tourniquet on the arm may be poorly tolerated in such cases. subcutaneous injection of local anesthetic over the medial aspect of the arm in the axilla helps patients tolerate an arm tourniquet by blocking these nerves.
brachial plexus block
prazak researched the wild horses of the ethiopian region at the university of edinburgh between 1896 and 1897. he described the subspecies "equus quagga zambeziensis" in his edinburgh manuscript of 1898 (unpublished) which was cited by trouessart who also noted the author for the name "zambeziensis" as pražák. he published numerous works in ornithology but a lot of his work was doubted even during his lifetime. his records of the birds of galicia included rarities and included a mass of collections that simply could not have been collected in the time period mentioned and it was noted by von tschusi and lorenz von liburnau that there was no way he could have collected in some of the places in which he obtained some specimens and has subsequently come to be recognized as fraudulent. he was requested to respond to the statements made against his observations by lorenz von liburnau and he failed to respond. he described many fake species of bird including "vanellus grisescens" which he claimed was collected by richard materna in northern chile and "trochalopteron hennickei" supposedly collected by jaworowski from the hunan province of china. he also contributed a paper on bird migration with arrival dates for species in eastern bohemia. his data covered more than a hundred years and this was submitted to the hungarian journal "aquila" but was suspected to be fraudulent and not published. like richard meinertzhagen he too stole specimens from museums and resubmitted them with altered labels. ernst bauernfeind, a curator at the natural history museum at vienna (naturhistorisches museum wien, nhmw) found that a bohemian specimen of "prunella montanella" (nhmw 11423) that pražák submitted matched details to a specimen collected by dybowski at kultuk, lake baikal, which had gone missing. otto kleinschmidt, who had corresponded with and had noted various inaccuracies in information provided by pražák, concluded in his obituary that the latter suffered from kleptomania and that he was possibly mentally ill. pražák returned from edinburgh, got married and taught in private schools for a while and briefly took part in political agitations. he died of tuberculosis and few ornithological journals covered his death.
josef prokop pražák