the district of tyre and sidon is in the south governorate.
the district of tyre and sidon is in the south governorate.
in which governorate is the district of tyre and sidon?
south governorate
bullet::::- sidon is the third largest city in lebanon and the capital of the south governorate. it lies on the mediterranean sea, 40 km north of tyre and 40 km south of the capital beirut. sidon has been inhabited since very early in prehistory. it was one of the most important phoenician cities and may also have been the oldest. from here, and other ports, a great mediterranean commercial empire was founded. homer praised the skill of its craftsmen in producing glass, purple dyes, and its women's skill at the art of embroidery. it was also from here that a colonizing party went to found the city of tyre. like other phoenician city-states, sidon suffered from a succession of conquerors. at the end of the persian era in 351 bc, it was invaded by the emperor artaxerxes iii and then by alexander the great in 333 bc when the hellenistic era of sidon began. under the successors of alexander, it enjoyed relative autonomy and organized games and competitions in which the greatest athletes of the region participated. the historical core of sidon is a mamluk-era old city that extends between the sea castle and the st. louis castle. located on a promontory jutting into the sea, this walled medieval city is very well preserved and is still inhabited today. the old city resembles a vaulted maze with narrow alleyways and winding streets. arched pathways connect the different neighborhoods of the city. on street level, numerous souvenir shops and mini-markets can be found with old-fashioned bakeries making crunchy whole wheat bread, called "kaak". a lot of the alleys take the name of their residents' occupations like the "carpenters' alley" and the "tailors' alley". several mosques dating back to the umayyad era are still preserved and are open to the public. sidon's old city is home to many ancient churches and old stone mosques that were built above pagan temples. sidon was used as the official port of trade by damascus and mount lebanon for the import and export of goods with egypt and europe. sidon's mercantile community was portrayed in its infrastructure: a large number of caravanserais, the biggest of which is "khan el franj", old harbors with multiple quays, and the sidon sea castle, a fort that guards the port.
tourism in lebanon
the last century of seleucid rule was marked by disorder and dynastic struggles. these ended in 64 bc, when the roman general pompey added syria and lebanon to the roman empire.









































section::::hellenistic writers from seleucid and roman phoenicia.









































bullet::::- antipater of sidon, poet









































bullet::::- boethus of sidon, stoic philosopher









































bullet::::- zeno of sidon, philosopher









































bullet::::- boethus of sidon, philosopher









































bullet::::- dorotheus of sidon, astrologer









































bullet::::- meges of sidon, physician









































bullet::::- porphyry of tyre, philosopher









































bullet::::- maximus of tyre, rhetorician









































bullet::::- marinus of tyre, geographer









































section::::references.
phoenicia under hellenistic rule