hypothalamus is the area of the brain that regulates sleep-wake cycles.
hypothalamus is the area of the brain that regulates sleep-wake cycles.
area of the brain that regulates sleep-wake cycles?
hypothalamus
the system which regulates sleep, arousal, and transitions between these states in humans is composed of three interconnected subsystems: the orexin projections from the lateral hypothalamus, the reticular activating system, and the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus. in narcoleptic individuals, these systems are all associated with impairments due to a greatly reduced number of hypothalamic orexin projection neurons and significantly fewer orexin neuropeptides in cerebrospinal fluid and neural tissue, compared to non-narcoleptic individuals. those with narcolepsy generally experience the rem stage of sleep within five minutes of falling asleep, while people who do not have narcolepsy (unless they are significantly sleep deprived) do not experience rem until after a period of slow-wave sleep, which lasts for about the first hour or so of a sleep cycle.
narcolepsy
section::::function.









































section::::function.:sympathetic nervous system.









































the scg provides sympathetic innervation to structures within the head, including the pineal gland, the blood vessels in the cranial muscles and the brain, the choroid plexus, the eyes, the lacrimal glands, the carotid body, the salivary glands, and the thyroid gland.









































section::::function.:sympathetic nervous system.:pineal gland.









































the postganglionic axons of the scg innervate the pineal gland and are involved in circadian rhythm. this connection regulates production of the hormone melatonin, which regulates sleep and wake cycles, however the influence of scg neuron innervation of the pineal gland is not fully understood.









































section::::function.:sympathetic nervous system.:carotid body.
superior cervical ganglion