botulinum toxin type h comes from clostridium botulinum.
botulinum toxin type h comes from clostridium botulinum.
where does botulinum toxin type h come from?
clostridium botulinum
only botulinum toxin types a, b, e, f and h cause disease in humans. types a, b, and e are associated with food-borne illness, with type e specifically associated with fish products. type c produces limber-neck in birds and type d causes botulism in other mammals. no disease is associated with type g. the "gold standard" for determining toxin type is a mouse bioassay, but the genes for types a, b, e, and f can now be readily differentiated using quantitative pcr. as no antitoxin to type h is yet available, discovered in 2013 and by far the deadliest, details are kept under shroud.
clostridium botulinum
some patients experience or develop immunoresistance to botulinum toxin type a and must use botulinum toxin type b. approximately 4% to 17% of patients develop botulinum toxin type a antibodies. the only botulinum toxin type b accessible in the united states is myobloc. treatment using botulinum toxin type b is comparable to type a, with an increased frequency of the side effect dry mouth.
spasmodic torticollis