carbon dioxide is the atmospheric gas that is mainly responsible for greenhouse effect.
carbon dioxide is the atmospheric gas that is mainly responsible for greenhouse effect.
the atmospheric gas that is mainly responsible for greenhouse effect?
carbon dioxide
without the inclusion of clouds, water vapor alone contributes 36% to 70% of the greenhouse effect on earth. when water vapor and clouds are considered together, the contribution is 66% to 85%. the ranges come about because there are two ways to compute the influence of water vapor and clouds: the lower bounds are the reduction in the greenhouse effect if water vapor and clouds are "removed" from the atmosphere leaving all other greenhouse gases unchanged, while the upper bounds are the greenhouse effect introduced if water vapor and clouds are "added" to an atmosphere with no other greenhouse gases. the two values differ because of overlap in the absorption and emission by the various greenhouse gases. trapping of the long-wave radiation due to the presence of clouds reduces the radiative forcing of the greenhouse gases compared to the clear-sky forcing. however, the magnitude of the effect due to clouds varies for different greenhouse gases. relative to clear skies, clouds reduce the global mean radiative forcing due to co by about 15%, that due to ch and no by about 20%, and that due to the halocarbons by up to 30%.
cloud forcing
in a variable-volume balloon, the volume of the lifting gas changes due to heating and cooling in the diurnal cycle. the cycle is magnified by a greenhouse effect inside the balloon, while the surrounding atmospheric gas is subject to a much more limited cyclical temperature change. as the lift gas heats and expands, the displacement of atmospheric gas increases, while the balloon weight remains constant. its buoyancy increases, and this leads to a rise in altitude unless it is compensated by venting gas. conversely, if the balloon cools and drops, it becomes necessary to release ballast. since both ballast and gas are finite, there is a limit to how long a variable-volume balloon can compensate in order to stabilize its altitude. in contrast, a superpressure balloon will change altitude much less without compensation maneuvers.
superpressure balloon