most absorption occurs in the nephron at the renal tubules.
most absorption occurs in the nephron at the renal tubules.
where does most absorption occur in the nephron?
renal tubules
the four mechanisms used to create and process the filtrate (the result of which is to convert blood to urine) are filtration, reabsorption, secretion and excretion. filtration occurs in the glomerulus and is largely passive: it is dependent on the intracapillary blood pressure. about one-fifth of the plasma is filtered as the blood passes through the glomerular capillaries; four-fifths continues into the peritubular capillaries. normally the only components of the blood that are not filtered into bowman's capsule are blood proteins, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. over 150 liters of fluid enter the glomeruli of an adult every day: 99% of the water in that filtrate is reabsorbed. reabsorption occurs in the renal tubules and is either passive, due to diffusion, or active, due to pumping against a concentration gradient. secretion also occurs in the tubules and is active. substances reabsorbed include: water, sodium chloride, glucose, amino acids, lactate, magnesium, calcium phosphate, uric acid, and bicarbonate. substances secreted include urea, creatinine, potassium, hydrogen, and uric acid. some of the hormones which signal the tubules to alter the reabsorption or secretion rate, and thereby maintain homeostasis, include (along with the substance affected) antidiuretic hormone (water), aldosterone (sodium, potassium), parathyroid hormone (calcium, phosphate), atrial natriuretic peptide (sodium) and brain natriuretic peptide (sodium). a countercurrent system in the renal medulla provides the mechanism for generating a hypertonic interstitium, which allows the recovery of solute-free water from within the nephron and returning it to the venous vasculature when appropriate.
nephron
juxtamedullary nephrons are found only in birds and mammals, and have a specific location: "medullary" refers to the renal medulla, while "juxta" (latin: near) refers to the relative position of the renal corpuscle of this nephron - "near the medulla", but still in the cortex. in other words, a "juxtamedullary nephron" is a nephron whose renal corpuscle is near the medulla, and whose proximal convoluted tubule and its associated loop of henle occur deeper in the medulla than the other type of nephron, the cortical nephron.
nephron