atrial systole is the process that causes the last 30 of ventricular volume to fill.
atrial systole is the process that causes the last 30 of ventricular volume to fill.
process that causes the last 30 of ventricular volume to fill?
atrial systole
cardiac diastole is the period of the cardiac cycle when, after contraction, the heart relaxes and expands while refilling with blood returning from the circulatory system. both atrioventricular (av) valves open to facilitate the 'unpressurized' flow of blood directly through the atria into both ventricles, where it is collected for the next contraction. this period is best viewed at the middle of the wiggers diagram—see the panel labeled "diastole". here it shows pressure levels in both atria and ventricles as near-zero during most of the diastole. (see gray and light-blue tracings labeled "atrial pressure" and "ventricular pressure"—wiggers diagram.) here also may be seen the red-line tracing of "ventricular volume", showing increase in blood-volume from the low plateau of the "isovolumic relaxation" stage to the maximum volume occurring in the "atrial systole" sub-stage.
cardiac cycle
various pathologies, listed below, can lead to volume overload. different mechanisms are involved depending on the cause, however the common theme is that of a high cardiac output with a low or normal afterload. the output may be high due to the inefficiency in valve disease, or it may be high due to shunting of blood in left-to-right shunts and arteriovenous malformations.









































left ventricular volume overload may produce inverted u waves on the electrocardiogram.









































section::::causes.









































causes may be considered according to which chamber is affected.









































left ventricular volume overload









































bullet::::- valvular heart disease









































bullet::::- aortic regurgitation
volume overload