the decreased amount of oxygen in the bloodstream resulting from respiratory insufficiency is called hypercapnia.
the decreased amount of oxygen in the bloodstream resulting from respiratory insufficiency is called hypercapnia.
the decreased amount of oxygen in the bloodstream resulting from respiratory insufficiency is called?
hypercapnia
hemoglobin deficiency can be caused either by a decreased amount of hemoglobin molecules, as in anemia, or by decreased ability of each molecule to bind oxygen at the same partial pressure of oxygen. hemoglobinopathies (genetic defects resulting in abnormal structure of the hemoglobin molecule) may cause both. in any case, hemoglobin deficiency decreases blood oxygen-carrying capacity. hemoglobin deficiency is, in general, strictly distinguished from hypoxemia, defined as decreased partial pressure of oxygen in blood, although both are causes of hypoxia (insufficient oxygen supply to tissues).
hemoglobin
during the vietnam war, combat again provided the opportunity for study of pulmonary contusion; research during this conflict played an important role in the development of the modern understanding of its treatment. the condition also began to be more widely recognized in a non-combat context in the 1960s, and symptoms and typical findings with imaging techniques such as x-ray were described. before the 1960s, it was believed that the respiratory insufficiency seen in flail chest was due to "paradoxical motion" of the flail segment of the chest wall (the flail segment moves in the opposite direction as the chest wall during respiration), so treatment was aimed at managing the chest wall injury, not the pulmonary contusion. for example, positive pressure ventilation was used to stabilize the flail segment from within the chest. it was first proposed in 1965 that this respiratory insufficiency is most often due to injury of the lung rather than to the chest wall, and a group led by j.k. trinkle confirmed this hypothesis in 1975. hence the modern treatment prioritizes the management of pulmonary contusion. animal studies performed in the late 1960s and 1970s shed light on the pathophysiological processes involved in pulmonary contusion. studies in the 1990s revealed a link between pulmonary contusion and persistent respiratory difficulty for years after the injury in people in whom the injury coexisted with flail chest. in the next decade studies demonstrated that function in contused lungs improves for years after the injury.
pulmonary contusion