the theory that light exists in quantized chunks was proposed in response to quantum.
the theory that light exists in quantized chunks was proposed in response to quantum.
the theory that light exists in quantized chunks was proposed in response to which of the following?
quantum
light propagating in a vacuum has its energy and momentum quantized according to an integer number of particles known as photons. quantum optics studies the nature and effects of light as quantized photons. the first major development leading to that understanding was the correct modeling of the blackbody radiation spectrum by max planck in 1899 under the hypothesis of light being emitted in discrete units of energy. the photoelectric effect was further evidence of this quantization as explained by einstein in a 1905 paper, a discovery for which he was to be awarded the nobel prize in 1921. niels bohr showed that the hypothesis of optical radiation being quantized corresponded to his theory of the quantized energy levels of atoms, and the spectrum of discharge emission from hydrogen in particular. the understanding of the interaction between light and matter following these developments was crucial for the development of quantum mechanics as a whole. however, the subfields of quantum mechanics dealing with matter-light interaction were principally regarded as research into matter rather than into light; hence one rather spoke of atom physics and quantum electronics in 1960. laser science—i.e., research into principles, design and application of these devices—became an important field, and the quantum mechanics underlying the laser's principles was studied now with more emphasis on the properties of light, and the name "quantum optics" became customary.
quantum optics
the soul is always awake and active, while one is asleep, shaping wishful dreams. it is one with brahman. it is everywhere, within and without, it is immortal. this universal, oneness theme is explained by the katha upanishad by three similes, which paul deussen calls as excellent. just like one light exists and penetrates the cosmic space, enveloping and clinging to everything and every form individually, the "one inner self" of beings exists and dwells in all beings, clings to every form and remains still without, states the katha upanishad. just like one air exists and penetrates the world, enveloping and clinging to everything and every being individually, the "one inner self" of beings exists and dwells in all beings, clings to every form and remains still without. just like the sun exists and its nature is not contaminated by the impurities seen by the eyes, the "one inner self" of beings exists and its nature is pure, never contaminated by the sorrows and blemishes of the external world. parts of the ideas in these first two similes of katha upanishad are of far more ancient origins, and found for example in book 6, chapter 47 of rig veda.
katha upanishad