the octet rule states that in chemical compounds atoms tend to have the electron configuration of a cubical atom.
the octet rule states that in chemical compounds atoms tend to have the electron configuration of a cubical atom.
the octet rule states that in chemical compounds atoms tend to have the electron configuration of a?
cubical atom
in a covalent bond, one or more pairs of valence electrons are shared by two atoms: the resulting electrically neutral group of bonded atoms is termed a molecule. atoms will share valence electrons in such a way as to create a noble gas electron configuration (eight electrons in their outermost shell) for each atom. atoms that tend to combine in such a way that they each have eight electrons in their valence shell are said to follow the octet rule. however, some elements like hydrogen and lithium need only two electrons in their outermost shell to attain this stable configuration; these atoms are said to follow the "duet rule", and in this way they are reaching the electron configuration of the noble gas helium, which has two electrons in its outer shell.
chemistry
main-group elements in the third and later rows of the periodic table can form hypercoordinate or hypervalent molecules in which the central main-group atom is bonded to more than four other atoms, such as phosphorus pentafluoride, pf, and sulfur hexafluoride, sf. for example, in pf, if it is supposed that there are five true covalent bonds in which five distinct electron pairs are shared, then the phosphorus would be surrounded by 10 valence electrons in violation of the octet rule. in the early days of quantum mechanics, pauling proposed that third-row atoms can form five bonds by using one s, three p and one d orbitals, or six bonds by using one s, three p and two d orbitals. to form five bonds, the one s, three p and one d orbitals combine to form five spd hybrid orbitals which each share an electron pair with a halogen atom, for a total of 10 shared electrons, two more than the octet rule predicts. similarly to form six bonds, the six spd hybrid orbitals form six bonds with 12 shared electrons. in this model the availability of empty d orbitals is used to explain the fact that third-row atoms such as phosphorus and sulfur can form more than four covalent bonds, whereas second-row atoms such as nitrogen and oxygen are strictly limited by the octet rule.
octet rule