The high mobilization costs and the deterioration in the quality of surface and underground resources amplify the vulnerability of the water sector. The growing demand of the population and economic sectors cannot be met by conventional water resources. The water potential in Morocco is estimated at 22 billion m per year, i.e. a water availability of less than 700 m/inhabitant/year, thus placing Morocco among the countries with the least water resources per inhabitant. With a projection of 38 million inhabitants in 2030 and despite efforts in terms of the construction of hydraulic structures and access to unconventional resources, this water availability is estimated at less than nearly 500 m by 2030 under the pressure from climate change, population growth and increased economic activities. The development of non-conventional water resources (for example, the desalination of seawater, the demineralization of brackish water, the reuse of treated wastewater and the collection of rainwater) is becoming an unavoidable necessity for Morocco.