This trajectory rests on the integration of five technological transformations: complementary There are many plausible pathways through 2050 to achieving a net-zero emissions economy. However, developments in these sectors over time are interdependent. For example, widespread adoption in leading energy efficiency practices in buildings could significantly impact overall electricity demand, reducing the amount of new clean energy installations Others have focused on overall long-term technological transformations and associated emission reduction strategies that would be necessary for reduction to net-zero in the U.S. by 2050. Many of these 2050 studies address emissions reduction across the entire economy and for all gases [14] [22] [23]; others focus on specific areas or sectors such as energy, electricity [13] [24], transportation [25], or manufacturing [26]. This research has advanced thinking about what is possible within the United States and what robust strategies to reach 2050 net-zero could look like. The assessment and analytical approaches presented here are original to this report but also recognize the many insights offered in this wider literature, including but not limited to studies specifically on 2050 net-zero pathways. Insights from this literature are consistent in what they tell us about the critical elements supporting the long-term emissions reduction trajectory for the United States.