To further encourage the use of public transport, the length of the rail network in Singapore will increase from about 245 km today to about 360 km in early 2030s. This will enable eight in 10 households to be within a 10-minute walk of a train station, and 85% of public transport journeys of less than 20 km to be completed within 60 minutes. Carbon tax provides a strong price signal and impetus for businesses and individuals to reduce their carbon footprint in line with national climate goals. From 2019, Singapore implemented a carbon tax starting at S$5 or US$3.70 per tonne of CO2-equivalent (tCO2 eq) of GHG emissions in the first instance, between 2019 and 2023, as a transition period. To support the transition to a low-carbon future, we will raise the carbon tax levels to S$25 or US$18.40/tCO2 eq in 2024 and 2025, and S$45 or US$33.20/tCO₂ eq in 2026 and 2027, with a view to reaching S$50-80 or US$36.90-59.00/tCO2 eq by 2030. The carbon. tax will complement our comprehensive suite of mitigation measures to help us achieve our climate pledges. Energy is a strategic resource for Singapore. As an alternative energy-disadvantaged country, Singapore is highly reliant on imports for our energy needs. Recognising that energy is a scarce resource, Singapore allows for market pricing of fuel and electricity without any direct subsidy. This results in firms and households making appropriate energy consumption choices, such as minimising energy wastage and over-consumption, which contributes to emissions reduction.