The Energy-Climate Package introduces a dual approach to achieving the 20% reduction in total greenhouse gas emissions compared to 1990 levels, France. This goal has been split into two sub-goals, one for ETS sectors (subject to the EU quota trading scheme) and another for non-ETS sectors (EU, 2009). Under the revised EUETS directive, a single EU-ETS cap covers the EU member States and the three non-EU member States taking part (Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein), meaning there are no country-specific emissions caps for the sectors concerned. For the quotas allocated to sectors included in the EU ETS, annual caps have been set for the period from 2013 to 2020; these drop by 1.74% per annum, starting at the average level of the quotas issued by Member States during the second period (2008-2012). The annual caps entail intermediate emissions reduction goals in the sectors covered by the EU ETS for each year up to 2020. More information on the EU ETS and information on the use of market mechanisms in the ETS can be found in Europe's biennial report. Emissions not covered by the ETS are handled as part of the Effort Sharing Decision (ESD). The ESD covers emissions from all sources that do not come under the EU ETS, except emissions derived from international marine transport and from international and European air transport (the latter have been included in the ETS since the 1" of January 2012) and emissions and removals derived from land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF). It therefore covers a broad variety of diffuse emissions from a wide range of sectors: transport (with road transport first and foremost), buildings (especially heating), services, small industrial facilities, fugitive emissions from the energy sector, fluorinated gas emissions, agriculture and waste management. These sources currently represent about 60%