Prior to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) adopted in 1992, Japan formulated the Action Program to Arrest Global Warming in 1990 and has been implementing measures to address climate change issues. Subsequently, the Kyoto Protocol was adopted at the third session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 3) in 1997, and Japan established the Global Warming Prevention Headquarters at the Cabinet, and comprehensive and systematic measures have been implemented under the Act on Promoting Global Warming Countermeasures and the Kyoto Protocol Target Achievement Plan. As a result of the implementation of those measures, the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction target in the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol was achieved. Even after the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol, the GHG emission reduction target for fiscal year (FY) 2020 based on the Cancun Agreement adopted at COP 16 was announced at COP 19. In addition, Japan prepared the intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) stipulated in the COP 19 Decision, and Japan has decided on the Japan's INDC, including the mid-term targets for FY 2030 and submitted it to the UNFCCC secretariat. At the 32nd Global Warming Prevention Headquarters on December 22 2015, the Action Policy for Global Warming Countermeasures based on the Paris Agreement was adopted and Japan decided to make steady efforts to achieve the emission reduction target for FY 2030 and commit to a long-term and strategic contribution to the reduction of global emissions taking into account the 2 degrees goal that the Paris Agreement set out as a common global goal, and Japan aims to achieve a balance between anthropogenic GHG emissions by sources and removals by sinks in the second half of this century. Furthermore, Japan formulated the Plan for Global Warming Countermeasure based on the Act on Promoting Global Warming Countermeasures, the Government Action Plans in line with the plan, and has been taking the initiative and strengthening the public campaign. In light of this trend, Japan ratified the Paris Agreement in November 2016. In June 2019, the Japanese government formulated Japan's Long-term Strategy under the Paris Agreement for development of a lower GHG gas emission society and submitted it to the UNFCCC secretariat. In this context, Japan is implementing further measures to combat global warming.