Overview In Canada and abroad, the effects of climate change are evident. Warming in Canada is, on average, about double that of the global average, and is even more in northern parts of the country.Footnote 1 Impacts such as coastal erosion; thawing permafrost; increases in heat waves, droughts, wildfires and flooding; ecosystem changes; risks to critical infrastructure and impacts to food and water are already being felt in some regions of Canada and globally. The science is clear that human activities are driving unprecedented changes in the Earths climate, which pose significant risks to human health, security, biodiversity and economic growth. Response to climate change requires action to: