Page 69 Although the private sector represents 98.3% of the total number of industrial units operating in Iraq, amounting to 17,752 establishments, compared to 1.5% owned by the state, and 0.2% jointly owned, this distribution does not reflect the contribution of each sector to the total industrial production. Public sector companies represent the backbone of the industrial sector in Iraq, as they are responsible for producing 90% of the total industrial production.. Although 56% of the factories of public companies can be classified in terms of the technological level of their operations leading to production described according to international standards as high and medium technological component companies, compared to 28% of the low technological component, and 16% dependent on raw materials, yet all Factories are now distinguished by the old age of their machines and equipment and their failure to keep pace with technological developments and modern systems of operation and control. The industrial sectors contribution to the GDP reached an average of 2.4% during the years (2008-2011) and the decrease in industrial added value to reach negative values in a number of companies. This is in addition to poor export performance. The well-known conditions have led to the cessation of production in most of the factories of the public companies and to a decrease in production to very low levels. As the percentage of the factories that stopped until July - 2013 is estimated at about 30% of the total factories of the public industrial companies, as shown in the report of the executive summary of the industrial strategy in Iraq for the year 2030. The severe deterioration in productivity and the high percentage of unemployed workers in all industrial production and service units in the public sectors We find that about 70% of the public sector companies operate with only 30% - 50% of their design capacities, as well as the low quality of Iraqi industrial products, as the public and mixed companies adhere to the minimum standards of Iraqi standards (derived from international specifications), while the sector companies are unable The private - mostly - about the application of these standards. E. Industry does not play a major role in employing the labor force in Iraq, as the total labor force working in the industry in all its sectors (public, mixed, and private) is estimated to be approximately 500,000 workers. Almost 40% of public sector companies depend on government aid to pay workers&#39; wages, while