3.1. CHARACTERIZATION OF SECTORS AND EMISSIONS REPORT FOR THE REFERENCE PERIOD 2015-2019 3.1.1 Energy sector Characteristics of the energy sector Mali has significant renewable energy potential, including: &gt; solar energy: 6 Kwh /m2 (7 to 10 hours of sunshine per day);  biomass: 2000 ha of jatropha plantations, 1,400,000l of alcohol from sugar cane; hydraulics: 1150 MW (only 22% exploited); wind power: 3 to 7 m/s. Despite this potential, the energy sector is underperforming with regard to its main indicators, in particular:  an energy balance dominated by wood energy (firewood and charcoal) up to 75%, resulting in strong pressure on the national forests; a 100% petroleum product import dependency rate; &gt; low final energy consumption: 0.3 toe/capita (0.45 for the ECOWAS zone; 0.5 for Africa) in 2018; low power consumption: 159 Kwh/hbt; a low electrification rate: 48% national (93% urban, 25% rural) in 2018; growth in electricity demand: 10% annually; low integration of renewable energies in electricity production: 13% The structure of final energy consumption by source is illustrated in the following figure. Final energy consumption by source in 2018 20% Biomass Electricity Figure 4: Structure of final energy consumption by source in Mali This figure shows that the share of biomass energy in final energy consumption remains the highest ( 75%) followed by that of petroleum products (25%) and electricity (5%). It should be noted that this high consumption of biomass energy is carried out at household level (domestic energy). This situation indicates the enormous pressure exerted on forest ecosystems which results in the reduction of their carbon stock.