National Mission on Sustainable Habitat: This Mission has been launched with three main components: promoting energy efficiency in the residential and commercial sector, managing municipal solid waste, and promoting urban public transport. The main objectives of the Mission are to exploit the potential for mitigation of climate change through reduction in energy demand from the residential and commercial sectors through measures focusing on energy efficiency improvements and resource conservation and to adopt a comprehensive approach in the management of water, municipal solid waste, and waste water so as to realize their potential in terms of energy generation, recycling, reuse, and composting, mitigating climate change by taking appropriate measures in the transport sector (evolving integrated land use and transportation plans, effecting modal shift from private to public transport, encouraging greater use of non-motorized transport, improving fuel efficiency, and using alternative fuels). It is estimated, on an average, that the implementation of energy efficiency measures would help in achieving about 30% of energy savings in new residential buildings and 40% in new commercial buildings. In the case of existing buildings, these estimates are about 20% and 30%, respectively. Among the various plans for the implementation of this Mission, it is identified that the Bachat Lamp Yojana (BLY) model is an effective mechanism to promote energy efficiency through promoting replacement of incandescent bulbs in households by compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs). It is also identified that a comprehensive implementation of this plan could translate into a demand reduction of 10,000 MW. As a broader strategy, it is envisaged to promote various energy service companies (ESCOs) as vehicles to deliver energy efficiency targets.