The thermal regulations applicable to new buildings will be reinforced in order to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. It will strive to bring about significant technological and industrial development in the field of building design and insulation and for each of the energy sectors, within the framework of a balanced energy mix, with low greenhouse gas emissions. and contributing to national energy independence. The State has set itself the following objectives: of national energy dependence. The State has set itself the following objectives: a) All new constructions subject to a building permit application submitted from the end of 2012 and, in advance from the end of 2010, if these are public buildings and buildings assigned to the tertiary sector, have a primary energy consumption below a threshold of 50 kilowatt hours per square meter and per year on average; for energies which have an advantageous balance in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, this threshold will be modulated in order to encourage the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions generated by the energy used, in accordance with the first paragraph; this threshold may also be modulated according to the location, characteristics and use of the buildings; each energy sector must, in any case, greatly reduce the energy consumption requirements defined by the regulations to which it is subject on the date of entry into force of this law. In order to guarantee the energy design quality of buildings, thermal regulations will also set an ambitious threshold for the maximum energy requirement for heating buildings; this threshold may be modulated according to the location, characteristics and use of the buildings. A study by the Parliamentary Office for the Evaluation of Scientific and Technological Choices will be carried out in order to propose a relevant level of modulation to respect the objectives set in the first paragraph and to measure the economic impact of the entire planned system; this study will also examine questions related to the factors for converting final energy into primary energy; b) All new constructions for which a building permit application has been submitted as of the end of 2020 have, with some exceptions, a primary energy consumption lower than the quantity of renewable energy produced in these constructions, and in particular wood energy; c) New dwellings built within the framework of the national urban renovation program provided for by law n 2003-710 of 1 August 2003 on orientation and programming for the city and urban renovation comply with Article 3