Viet Nam's INDC comprises two components, namely mitigation and adaptation. The mitigation component identifies the roadmap for GHG reduction in the period 20212030 for the following sectors: energy; agriculture; land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF); and waste. The business-as-usual (BAU) scenario was developed using 2010 as the base year, and provides projection for 2030. With domestic resources, by 2030 Viet Nam will have reduced GHG emissions by 8% compared to the BAU scenario. This contribution can increase by up to 25% with international support through bilateral and multilateral cooperation and the implementation of new mechanisms in the Paris Agreement. The adaptation component identifies the efforts that have been implemented; the institutional, policy, financial, human resource and technology gaps; and the prioritised adaptation actions for the period 2021-2030. Viet Nam submitted the INDC to the UNFCCC Secretariat in September 2015; signed and approved the Paris Agreement in April and October 2016, respectively; and issued the Plan for Implementation of the Paris Agreement (PIPA) in October 2016. After the Paris Agreement entered into force, the Parties' INDCs became Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).