Energy and transport
transport - by types of transport (road, air, ship and rail) and types of vehicles
(cars, buses, motorcycles, light and heavy duty vans) or purpose (passenger
and freight) and by types of technology and fuel used
Services by branch (tourism, trade, education, health), climatic zones
(coastal and continental Croatia), purpose (heating, domestic hot water
preparation, cooking, refrigeration, electrical appliances and lighting) and
by type of fuel used. The energy consumption for heating is modelled at the
level of useful and immediate energy
households - by climatic zones (coastal and continental Croatia), by purpose
(heating, CHW preparation, cooking, refrigeration, electrical appliances and
lighting) and by type of fuel used. The energy consumption for heating is
modelled at the level of useful and immediate energy
agriculture, fisheries and forestry - by type of fuel used
Demographic trends - the assumption of a scenario of average fertility and average
migration, in accordance with the population projections prepared for the purpose of
drafting the Green Paper Energy Strategy: A. Akrap and K. Ivanda: Population
Projections of the Republic of Croatia, 2018.
1.1. 'With existing measures' scenario
In the period up to 2050, the expected development based on existing measures and
market progress has been simulated:
market improvements in energy efficiency and fuel replacement in the
industrial sector,
renewal of the housing stock (reconstruction, replacement and new
construction) at a rate of 0.75% of the area of the housing stock fund per
year up to the near-zero energy consumption standard (including the use of
renewable energy sources),
penetration of electric and hybrid vehicles is expected, with a share of total
road passenger activity reaching 2.5% in 2030, and 30% in 2050
- the share of rail transport in the structure of freight activity is increasing
very slowly; diesel-powered N2 and N3 category trucks will continue to
dominate
1.2. With additional measures' scenario
Continue to promote energy efficiency beyond 2020, with the following key
assumptions:
renovation of 1.3% of buildings annually to near