Furthermore, a 2030 target has been pledged by the EU through its Nationally Determined Contribution submitted under the Paris Agreement, and has been adopted by the EU under the 2030 Climate and Energy Framework (2021-2030). The emission reduction target is a pledge to reduce emissions by at least 40% (compared to 1990 levels) by 2030. Similarly to the 2020 target, under the new Effort Sharing Regulation (ESR), national emission targets for 2030 are set, expressed as percentage changes from 2005 levels. For Portugal this means a -17% target compared to 2005 levels. Separate targets on renewable energy and energy efficiency have been set under the 2030 Climate and Energy Framework and updated. For renewable energy a binding target of at least 32% of final energy consumption by 2030 has been set (Portugal committed to a 47% share of renewables in its final energy consumption).