challenges that have led to a crisis: ENO 1. A yawning supply-demand gap where the demand for electricity far outstrips the current generation capacity leading to gaps of up to 4,500 - 5,500 MW. The supply-demand gap has continuously grown over the past 5 years until reaching the existing levels. Such an enormous gap has led to load-shedding of 12-16 hours across the cour 2. Highly expensive generation of electricity (-Rs 12 unit) due to dependence on expensive thermal fuel sources (44% of total generation and Mixed are the biggest sources of thermal electricity generation in range in price from -Rs 12/ unit for mixed, to -Rs 17/ unit for RFO, and a expensive -Rs 23 / unit for HSD. Dependence on such expensive fu forced Pakistan to create electricity at rates that are not affordable to the populace. 3. A terribly inefficient power transmission and distribution system that cu losses of 23-25% due to poor infrastructure, mismanagement, and the The cost of delivering a unit of electricity to the end consumer has been e 14.70 by the NEPRA. This means that the inefficiencies are costing additional 2.70 rupees per unit over and above the cost of generation Ministry of Water and Power has estimated the true cost of delivering a u to the end consumer at greater than Rs. 15.60 after taking into account losses and the real losses to the distribution companies. If the system NEPRA suggested transmission and distribution loss of 16%, the theft alo to be costing the national exchequer over Rs 140 billion annually. 4. The aforementioned inefficiencies, theft, and high cost of generation a debilitating levels of subsidies and circular debt. Reducing these losses significant improvement in the bankability and profitability of the sector, used to improve the efficiency of the power system / network as a whole range in price from -Rs 12/ unit for mixed, to -Rs 17/ unit for RFO, and a tremendously