GHG emissions baseline and BAU projection for 2030 sectors analysed and the main assumptions for these sectors are as follows: The cement sector is the most important driver of emissions. Its contribution will increase significantly from nearly 2 Mt COe in 2010 to over 45 Mt COe in 2030. Major emission sources are the clinker production process, which releases significant amounts of CO in preparing the input materials for use, and the fuel (mainly coal) that is consumed during clinker production.19 According to the GTP, cement production will have grown by 10 times or more by 2015. Thereafter, cement production is assumed to increase up to a per capita level of cement use typical for a middle-income country (around 500 kg per capita) by 2030. In total, annual cement production will rise from nearly 3 Mt in 2010 to more than 65 Mt in 2030.  Though the textile and leather sector plays a less important role, its volume of GHG emissions is projected to rise from 0.6 Mt COe in 2010 to almost 5 Mt COe in 2030. The main drivers of emissions here are the furnace oil used in the production process and the effluents being discharged. A detailed evaluation of the processing steps in leather production shows that leather is responsible for only a minor share of the emissions. The major share is attrib- utable to the textile industry, which, according to GTP projections, will ini- tially expand rapidly (increasing the value of production fivefold to more than USD 2.5 billion by 2015) and will then grow thereafter in line with overall economic growth. The steel and engineering sector in Ethiopia, while relatively small today, is expected to emit more than 5 Mt COe in 2030. The GTP forecasts that this industry will have grown by 15 times or more by 2015 and will increase after that in line with overall economic growth. The team calculated expected emissions based on the value of output and international benchmark data for emission factors. Other sectors include the chemical sector (typical products are caustic soda, soda ash, and fertilizers), food processing, and the paper and pulp industry. Although these industries individually contribute only a relatively small share of GHG emissions, (mainly from chemical processes and energy input, e.g., fuel oil or coal), they collectively constitute a significant source of emissions. 