gas emissions from international shipping. At MEPC 70 in 2016 IMO, the member states also approved the Roadmap for Developing a Comprehensive IMO Strategy on Reduction of GHG emissions from Ships. In April 2018, MEPC 72 adopted the Initial IMO Strategy on reduction of GHG emissions from ships. The Initial Strategy envisages a reduction in total greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping and identifies three levels of ambition as follows: Firstly, carbon intensity of ships to decline through implementation of further phases of EEDI for new ships. Secondly, carbon intensity of international shipping to decline with reductions in CO emissions per transport work, as an average across international shipping, by at least 40 per cent by 2030, pursuing efforts towards 70 per cent by 2050, compared to 2008. Thirdly, to peak greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping as soon as possible and to reduce the total annual greenhouse gas emissions by at least 50 per cent by 2050 compared to 2008. According to the Roadmap, by 2023 IMO member states should come to an agreement on a final strategy on short, medium, and longterm measures, taking into account the results from the IMO Data Collection System.