2.115 UK industry was responsible for 131.6 MtCO e of emissions in 2009, accounting for 23% of the UK's total emissions.5² Over 80% of these emissions originate from generating the heat that is needed for industrial processes such as manufacturing steel and ceramics, and the remainder from chemical reactions involved in processes such as cement production. 2.119 Decarbonising the UK economy could require a reduction in overall industry emissions of up to 70% by 2050. Achieving this while maintaining competitive growth in the sector could entail the following. 2.116 Between 1990 and 2009, end user emissions from industry have reduced by III MtCO2e. While the UK industrial sector has grown by an average of 1% a year over the last 40 years, the sector's emissions have fallen by 46% since 1990. Embracing cost effective, energy efficiency measures, as well as sectoral readjustments towards higher-value products, has helped to drive this lower carbon growth. The energy intensity of UK industry has fallen on average by 2.7% a year since 1970. Since 1990 this average has declined to 1.3% a year.53