Art. 4 1) For the purposes of this law: a) &quot;air pollution&quot;: changes in the natural state of the air, in particular through smoke, soot, dust, gases, aerosols, vapours, odors or waste heat; b) greenhouse gases: gases emitted into the environment that cause climate change, in particular carbon dioxide (CO), methane (CH), nitrous oxide (NO), hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorinated hydrocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride (SF); c) &quot;impacts&quot;: air pollution caused by the construction and operation of installations, by the handling of substances or waste or by the management of the soil; d) &quot;Emissions&quot; means the pollutants and greenhouse gases released into the environment by an installation or by the handling of substances or waste. The term emissions also includes fugitive emissions; e) &quot;fugitive emissions&quot; means pollutants and greenhouse gases not released into the environment through point sources such as chimneys and exhaust ducts; f) &quot;Immissions&quot;: air pollution affecting people, animals, plants, their communities and habitats, the soil and water as well as buildings; g) &quot;excessive immissions&quot;: immissions that exceed one or more immission limit values according to Art. 33. If there are no immission limit values for a pollutant, the immissions are considered to be excessive if they: 1. endanger people, animals and plants, their communities and habitats; 2. Seriously disturbing the wellbeing of a substantial portion of the population of an affected area; 3. affect the fertility of the soil, vegetation or water; or 4. damage structures; h) &quot;Facilities&quot;: buildings, business premises and other stationary facilities, traffic facilities, terrain changes, as well as equipment, machines and vehicles; i) &quot;New plants&quot;: Plants that are converted, expanded or repaired are also considered new plants if: 1. higher or different emissions are to be expected as a result or 2. more