2.2 Setting the framework at EU level The EU climate target is achieved on the one hand through emissions trading (ETS: essentially large emitters from the energy and industry sectors and aviation within the EEA) and on the other hand through differentiated contributions from the member states in all other sectors (non-ETS). The EU climate targets for 2020 (-20 percent compared to 1990) and 2030 (at least -40 percent compared to 1990) are divided into targets for the ETS area and the non-ETS area. The reference year 2005 was chosen for both sub-goals. In addition, under the so-called LULUCF regulation, the member states are obliged to maintain the climate protection effect of managed terrestrial ecosystems. As required by the Paris Agreement, the EU and its Member States, including Germany, have submitted their Joint Contribution (NDC) to the implementation of the Agreement to the Secretariat of the Framework Convention on Climate Change. Accordingly, by 2030, GHG emissions in the EU are to be reduced by at least 40 percent compared to 1990. Within the EU, it was also decided that by 2030 the share of renewable energies in final energy consumption in the EU would be increased to at least 32 percent and primary energy consumption in the EU would be reduced by at least 32.5 percent compared to the underlying reference development. These goals are relevant for the integrated National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) as the new European planning and monitoring instrument of the EU member states. In addition, a decision will also have to be made in the EU regarding a renewed notification or an update of the EU climate protection contribution until 2030.