Purpose The National Networks scenario enables a broadly net zero compliant pathway by 2050 with UK industrial residual emissions of 3 MtCO₂e. Hydrogen is favoured over electrification in most fuel switching cases owing to cost and contributes most to decarbonising emissions (18 MtCO₂e) followed by CCUS/BECCS (11 MtCO₂e) and electricity (5 MtCO₂e). The model assumes a carbon price, which is a key determinate affecting the speed of uptake because it affects the social cost effectiveness of each decarbonisation option. In practice, lots of other factors will determine the actual speed of decarbonisation such as market factors, technological innovation, demand changes, supply chain constraints and government policies.