1. Vision 2020: Adopted in 2000, Vision 2020 as the country development roadmap seeks to transform Rwanda from an agrarian country of per capita income of USD 220 in 2000, to a knowledge-based middle income country of per capita income of USD 1240 by year 2020. Founded on six thematic and three cross-cutting pillars, Vision 2020 recognizes sustainable environmental and climate change management as a cross-cutting pivotal area to the realization of national aspirations. It recognizes that the major problem in the field of environmental protection in Rwanda is the imbalance between the population and the natural resources. This leads to alarming degradation observed through massive deforestation, the depletion of biodiversity, erosion and landslides, pollution of waterways and the degradation of fragile ecosystems. To protect the environment against massive deforestation and soil destruction, Vision 2020 sets the target for the forest cover to reach 30% of national land area by year 2020 and the protection rate against erosion to rise from 20% in 2000 to 90% by year 2020. To ease the pressure on wood biomass seeing that 86.3% of the Rwandan population uses wood as the source of energy, Vision 2020 targets to drop the use of wood energy in national energy balance, to 50% by 2020 through diversification of energy sources availed to the population. In ensuring its optimal utilization in urban and rural development, Vision 2020 calls for institutional and legal reforms to ensure security of land ownership. Provision of land titles and associated legal status regularization will support the attainment of Vision 2020 pillars that are underpinned by sustainable land use management in the development of the social capital in modern economies. Productive and market oriented agriculture depend on improved land protection and productivity. Regularized land, in private sector, is crucial in easing capital investment flow and freedom of exchange responding to the markets and changing economic conditions. In infrastructure land is needed to build roads, bridges and other infrastructure, and security of tenure allows systematic management of land taxes and related revenues to contribute to financing of infrastructure development.Sustainable management of integrated water resources is relevant to achieving Vision 2020 gearing towards a productive and market oriented agriculture. Transforming into a private sector-driven economy, infrastructure, regional integration and international cooperation, as thematic pillars of Vision 2020 are important prerequisites to equitable and sustainable management of integrated water resources. To further expand the Rwandan