It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 25% in the electricity sector (5% unconditionally and 20% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 9,819,000 MT unconditionally and 39,274,000 MT conditionally (total of 49,093,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030¹3 (Figure 4.4.1). Figure 4.4.1: Emission reduction projections in Electricity (Power) Sector The increase in private vehicle use in urban areas has increased traffic congestion, road accidents and air pollution, and in turn impacts the economy, environment, and society. High dependence on road transport, as against railways or water-based transport modes, tend to increase total energy consumption and air pollution. Though Sri Lanka Railway (SLR) played a dominant role in the past, its share of passenger and freight transportation has shrunk over time. SLR has identified the potential to improve its services as a low-cost mass transportation mode for passengers and goods, and thereby reduce urban and suburban traffic congestion to a great extent. On the other hand, non-motorized transport share is very low in urban areas and is reducing in rural areas. Three-wheelers, school, and office vans are providing substantial services to communities that do not have direct access to buses or trains. Recent infrastructure developments in the sector such as expressways, park & ride facilities, multimodal transport hubs, etc. are expected to reduce the emission footprint while positively contributing to the environment and economy.