 After part IV of the Civil Code had entered in force on January 1, 2008, the Russian Federation also acceded on November 5, 2008 to the WIPO Copyright Treaty  and to the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty (entry in force of both accessions on February 5, 2009).On August 22, 2012, the Russian Federation also became a member of the World Trade Organization.The international copyright relations of the Soviet Union and of Russia gave rise to copyright on Soviet works abroad and also to some foreign works becoming copyrighted in the USSR or in Russia.