 In 1932–1936, the collective farms received about 500,000 tractors from the state, not only for mechanizing the cultivation of the land, but also to compensate for the damage from the reduction in the number of horses by 51% (77 million) in 1929–1933.The mechanization of labor in agriculture and the unification of separate land plots ensured a significant increase in labor productivity.Trotsky and foreign critics argued that, despite efforts to increase labor productivity, in practice, average labor productivity fell.